Electromechanical Systems

Lab No. 06

Date: 11/07/2021

Submitted by: syed taimur ali shah

(19pwmct0719)
Lab Instructor:
Engr.Shahbaz Khan

MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

UET PESHAWAR
 LAB 06: open-circuit test for transformer

Objectives:
The objectives of our today’s lab are:

 What is transformer?
 What are its types?
 What is open-circuit test.

Introduction:

In this lab we study about the working principle of transformer and its uses and how it works. So
first what is transformer?

Transformer:

A transformer is defined as a passive electrical device that transfers electrical energy from one
circuit to another through the process of electromagnetic induction. It is most commonly used to
increase (‘step up’) or decrease (‘step down’) voltage levels between circuits.

Working principle of transformer:

transformer works on the magnetic induction principle. A transformer has no moving parts and is
a completely static solid state device, which insures, under normal operating conditions, a long
and trouble-free life. It consists, in its simplest form, of two or more coils of insulated wire
wound on a laminated steel core. When voltage is introduced to one coil, called the primary, it
magnetizes the iron core. A voltage is then induced in the other coil, called the secondary or
output coil. The change of voltage (or voltage ratio) between the primary and secondary depends
on the turns ratio of the two coils.
Types of transformer:
1. Step-up transformer:

In this type of transformer, we can step-up the low voltage to high voltage by lowering their
current. The second definition is that if the primary coil has less number of turns from the
secondary coil then the transformer is step-up.

2. Step-down transformer:

The transformer which can step-down the high voltage to low voltage by increasing the current
value is called step-down transformer. In other words, if the number of turns of primary coil is
higher than the turns in secondary coil.

Mathematical form:

Vs Ns
=
VP Np

Open circuit test:

The open-circuit test, or no-load test, is one of the methods used in electrical engineering to
determine the no-load impedance in the excitation branch of a transformer. The no load is
represented by the open circuit, which is represented on the right side of the figure as the "hole"
or incomplete part of the circuit. The secondary of the transformer is left open-circuited. A
wattmeter is connected to the primary. An ammeter is connected in series with the primary
winding. A voltmeter is optional since the applied voltage is the same as the voltmeter reading.
Rated voltage is applied at primary.[ CITATION wik211 \l 1033 ]
Circuit diagram:

Figure 1: open circuit test

Methodology:

In today lab we learned that what actually the transformer is and how it is working. We see
transformer in everyday life but we didn’t focus on that because first we didn’t know what is that
but in this lab session we did learned that what is this thing. There are some following thing
which we learned in this lab;

1. First we learned that what is transformer.

2. How transformer works.
3. What is the concept of open circuit test.

Lab tasks:

1. Analysis of working principle of transformer.

2. Performing the open circuit test.

Experiments:

In this lab we perform some experiments from which we perform the open circuit test.

Procedure:
First we applied the input voltage to the transformer and then we got the output voltage and the
we noted these values then we putted it into an equation which is written in upper section.

Observation:

VOC IOC POC IW IM R X IW

100V 58A 5W 0.862mA 49.9mA 29.38KΩ 3.403KΩ 2mA
VOC is open circuit voltage.

IOC is open circuit current.

POC is open circuit power.

Conclusion:

In today lab we were introduced to transformers that what is transformer and how it works. Then
we perform some experiments in which we performed the open circuit test.

References:
 http://www.cromptonusa.com/Potential%20Transformers.pdf
 https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/alternating-current/chpt-9/step-up-and-step-
down-transformers/
 Stephen Chapman - Electric Machinery Fundamentals, 4th Edition