MODEL I:( M/M/I):( ∞ /FCFS)

The quantitative symbols and notations used in queuing system are as follows:

1. n = Number of customers in the system (both waiting and in service).

2. λ = Average number of customers arriving per unit of time.
3. μ = Average number of customers being served per unit of time.
λ
4. 𝜌 = , traffic intensity.
μ
5. C = Number of parallel service channels (i,e., servers).
6. Ls = Average or expected number of customers in the system (both waitingand in
service).
7. Lq = Average or expected number of customers in the queue.
8. Ws = Average waiting time in the system (both waiting and in service).
9. Wq = Average waiting time of a customer in the queue.
10. Pn = Time independent probability that there are n customers in the system(both
waiting and in service).
11. Pn (t) = Probability that there are n customers in the system at any time t(both
waiting and in service).

Example :1
Auto car service provides a single channel water wash service. The incoming arrivals
occur at the rate of 4 cars per hour and the mean service rate is 8 cars per hour.
Assume that arrivals follow a Poisson distribution and the service rate follows an
exponential probability distribution. Determine the following measures of
performance:
(a) What is the average time that a car waits for water – wash to begin?
(b) What is the average time a car spends in the system?
(c) What is the average number of cars in the system?
Solution:
Step 1: model identification
Number of servers: 1(car service provides a single channel water wash service)
System capacity: ∞
Step 2: parameters
Unit time: 1 hr
Given 1) (arrivals occur at the rate ) λ = 4 cars per hour,
2) (mean service rate ) μ = 8 cars per day.
(a) Average time that a car waits for water - wash to begin,
λ
Wq= = 4/ {8(8-4)} = 0.125 hours
μ(μ−λ)
(b) Average time a car spends in the system,
1
Ws= = 1/ {8-4} = 1/4 = 0.25 hours
(μ−λ)
(c) Average number of cars in the system,
λ
Ls= = 4/{8-4} = 4/4 = 1 car
(μ−λ)

ARRIVALS AT A TELEPHONE BOOTH ARE CONSIDERED TO BE POISSON

Example :2
Arrivals at a telephone booth are considered to be Poisson distributed with an average
time of 10 minutes between one arrival and the next. The length of phone call is
assumed to be distributed exponentially, with mean 3 minutes.
(i)What is the probability that a person arriving at the booth will have to wait?
(ii)What is the average length of the queue that forms from time to time?
(iii)What is the probability that it will take him more than 10 minutes altogether to wait
for the phone and complete his call?
Solution:
Step 1: model identification
Number of servers: 1(a telephone booth)
System capacity: ∞
Step 2: parameters
Unit time: minute
 1
Given 1) (Poisson distributed with an average time/arrival time) =10
λ
(arrivals rate) λ= 1/10 = 0.10 person per minute.
1
2) (exponentially mean/ mean service time) μ =3
(mean service rate) μ = 1/3 = 0.33 person per minute.
(i) Probability that a person arriving at the booth will have to wait,
λ λ
P (w > 0) = 1 – P0 = 1 – (1 - ) = = 0.10/0.33 = 0.3
μ μ
(ii) Average number of units in the system is given by,
λ
Ls= (μ−λ) =0.10/{0.33-0.10}
= 0.10/0.23
= 0.43 customers

(iii) Probability of waiting for 10 minutes or more is given by

∞
𝜆
𝑃(𝑊 ≥ 10) = ∫ (𝜇 − 𝜆) 𝑒 −(𝜇−𝜆)𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝜇
10
∞
= ∫10 0.3(0.23) 𝑒 −(0.23)𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑎𝑥 𝑒 𝑎𝑥
{since (0.3*0.23)=0.069 and∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑥 = here a= ( -0.23)}
𝑎

This shows that 3 percent of the arrivals on an average will have to wait for 10
minutes or more before they can use the phone.