Math Formula Cheat Sheet

Logarithm Rules Compound Interest

𝑟
log(x) + log(y) = log (x ∗ y) FV = PV(1+ )nt
x 𝑛
log(x) – log(y) = log ( ) FV: Future value PV: Present value
y
loga(xb) = b ∗ log a (x) r: Interest rate
Remember: “log(x) = b” is equivalent to “x = 10b” t: Time the money is invested for
n: Number of times interest is compounded per
Exponent Rules unit “t”
(xa)(xb) = xa+b
xa
= xa-b Example: If the interest is compounded quarterly
xb (every 3 months), and the length of the
(xa)b = x a∗b investment is one year, (t = 1 year) and (n = 4).
(xb)(yb) = (xy)b
xb x
( ) = ( )b [Simplified Interest Formula]
yb y
FV = PV(1+r)t
*When the interest is compounded one time per
Conversions
9 unit “t” (n =1).
K = °C + 273 and °F = (°C) + 32
5
0°C = 32°F Example: If the interest is compounded yearly, and
1 inch = 2.54 centimeters| 1 mile = 5280 feet the length of the investment is five years,
1 foot = 12 inches | 1 yard = 3 feet (t = 5 years) and (n = 1).
1 meter = 1.1 yards | 1 kilogram = 2.2 pounds
1 pound = 16 ounces = 454 grams Data Sets
∪ = union. Includes all data but excludes duplicate
Percent Change values.
x –x
Percent Change = ( 2 1) ∗ 100% ∩ = intersection. Includes only data that exists in
x1
both A and B.
[Word Problem Key Words]
Example: A = {1,2,3} and B = {1,3,4}
“of” = multiplication
A ∪ B= {1,2,3,4}
“equal to” = equal sign
A ∩ B= {1,3}
Example: 30% of 100 is equal to x.
Combined Work Questions
(0.30)(100) = x
[Equation]
1 1 1 1
Dilutions + + …=
𝐶1 𝑉1 = 𝐶2 𝑉2 𝑡1 𝑡2 𝑡3 𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
C = Concentration, V = Volume
Example: If Tom gets a job done in 4 hours (t1) and
Jerry gets it done in 3 hours (t2), how many hours
*Can use with any concentration unit (Molarity,
does it take to get the job done working together
Molality, % concentration)
(ttotal)?
Distance/Rate
1 1 1
Distance = (Rate)(Time) + =
Total Distance Traveled 4 hours 3 hours t total
Average Rate =
Total Time 3 4 1
+ =
12 hours 12 hours t total
When two things travel toward each other, we
need to add the two velocities together. 7 1
=
12 hours t total
Example: Two trains are 135 miles apart. Train 1 (7)(t total ) = (12 hours)(1)
is heading east at 50 mph. Train 2 is heading west
at 40 mph. How long before the trains cross paths? 12 hrs. 12
t total = = hrs. = 𝟏. 𝟕𝟏𝟒 𝐡𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐬
135 miles 135 7 7
time = = = 1.5 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠
40 mph + 50 mph 90

www.datbootcamp.com 1
 Probability Statistics
[Combination vs. Permutation] [Vocabulary]
Use combination when the order does not matter. Mean: average
{B,C,A}, {A,B,C}, {C,B,A} are the same Median: middle number of a set of data
(remember to order them numerically and then
Use permutation when the order does matter. find the middle number)
{B,C,A}, {A,B,C}, {C,B,A} are not the same Mode: number that occurs most often in a set
Standard deviation: a measure of how spread out
Combination formula = (n−k)!
n! numbers are
(k!)
n!
Variance: average of the squared differences from
Permutation formula = (n−k)! the mean
n = number of objects from which you can Z score: measure of standard deviation
choose
k = number of objects to be chosen [Equations]
Σ(x − xavg )2
Dice Problems Standard Deviation (σ) = √
Rolling 2 Dice: Total number of possible N
combinations = (6)(6) = 36 Variance = 𝜎 2

Example: What is the probability of rolling two Z score = “a Z score of +2.5 is interpreted as +2.5
dice and having the two numbers add to 4? standard deviations away from the mean”

There are three possible combinations: {2,2}, [Normal Distribution]

3
{1.3}, and {3,1}. Therefore, probability = =
𝟏 In a normal distribution, 68% of the data fall
36 𝟏𝟐 within 1 standard deviation of the mean. 95% of
the data fall within 2 standard deviations of the
Letter Problems
mean, and 99.7% of the data fall within 3 standard
Example: How many ways can the letters in deviations of the mean.
APPALOOSA be arranged?
If no repeating letters, # of possibilities = 9!
If repeating letters, we must divide by the
factorials of numbers of repeats:
Repeats of A = 3
Repeats of P = 2
Repeats of O = 2
9!
# of possibilities = = 𝟏𝟓, 𝟏𝟐𝟎
3!×2!×2!

Card Problems
A standard deck has:
52 cards (without jokers)
4 suits (hearts, clubs, spades, diamonds)
13 cards per suit

[With Replacement]
After picking a card, you put it back, keeping the
total number of cards constant.

[Without Replacement]
After picking a card, you remove it from the deck,
decreasing the total number of cards and cards of
interest by 1.

Example: What is the probability of pulling 3

spades in a deck without replacement?
13 12 11 𝟑𝟑
× × =
52 51 50 𝟐𝟓𝟓𝟎

www.datbootcamp.com 2
 Geometry
[Area] Circle = πr2 | r = radius
1
Triangle = (bh) | b = base, h = height
2

4
[Volume] Sphere = ( )πr3
3
Cylinder = πr2h

[Trigonometry]
opposite
sin(ϴ) =
hypotenuse
adjacent
cos(ϴ) =
hypotenuse
opposite
tan(ϴ) =
adjacent
sin(ϴ)
= tan(ϴ)
cos(ϴ)

Coordinate Geometry
[Line Formulas]
y = mx + b | m = slope, b = y-intercept
y −y
y2 – y1 = m(x2 – x1) → m = 2 1
x2 − x1

[Parallel lines] Slopes are equivalent (ex: 2 and 2)

[Perpendicular lines] Slopes are negative

reciprocal (ex: ¼ and -4)

[Distance between two points]

Distance = √(x2 − x1 )2 + (y2 − y1 )2

[Midpoint of a line]
x1 + x2 y1 + y2
Midpoint = [( ),( )]
2 2

Quadratic Equations
For any equation in the format: 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0
(𝑥 + 𝑦)2 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2
(𝑥 − 𝑦)2 = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2
(𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 − 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2

[Vertex of a parabola]
b
x-coordinate of the vertex = −
2a

[Discriminant (b2-4ac)]
When (b2-4ac) is:
positive, there are 2 real solutions
zero, there is 1 real solution
negative, there are 0 real solutions

www.datbootcamp.com 3