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Question Paper Code : 23843

B.E./B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2018.

Third Semester

Mechanical Engineering

ME 2205 – ELECTRICAL DRIVES AND CONTROL

(Common to Production Engineering/Petrochemical Engineering/Chemical

Engineering/Petrochemical Technology and Textile Technology)

(Regulations 2008)

(Also common to PTME 2205 –– Electrical Drives and control for B.E. (Part-Time) Third
Semester – Mechanical Engineering – Regulations 2009)

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

Answer ALL questions.
PART A — (10  2 = 20 marks)
1. Draw heating and cooling curves of electrical motors. (2marks)

2. List the factors to be considered for the selection of electrical drives.(2marks)

i. Steady state operation requirements

ii. Transient operation requirements

iii. Requirements related to the source

iv. Capital and running cost

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v. Space and weight constraints

vi. Locations and Environments

vii. Reliability of the drive

3. Write down the equation for the back e.m.f. of DC motor in terms of flux per pole and
speed.

∅ PNZ
Eb =
60 A
Eb – Back Emf of DC motor
P – No of Poles
Ø – Flux
N – Number of conductors
A – No of Parallel Paths

4. List the types of single phase induction motors. (2marks)

i. Split phase Resistance – Start Induction motors
ii. Split phase Capacitor Start Induction motors
iii. Split phase Capacitor Run Induction motors
iv. Shaded Pole Induction motors

5. What is the necessity of a starter for D.C. Motor? (2marks)

When the motor is at rest there is yet obviously no back EMF developed in the armature. If
now, full supply voltage is applied across the stationary armature it will draw very large
current because Ra is relatively small. This excessive current will blow out fuses and prior
to that it will damage commutator and brushes, etc. To avoid this inrush current, starters
are used.

6. List various method of starting of D.C. Series Motor. (2marks)

i. Flux control method
a) Field Diverter
b) Armature Diverter
c) Tapped field control
d) Paralleling field coils.
ii. Variable resistance in series with the motor.

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7. Enumerate the limitations of field control in DC Motors. (2marks)

Limitations:
1. The speed control below normal rated speed is not possible as flux can be increased
only up to its rated value.
2. As flux reduces, speed increases. But high speed affects the commutation making
motor operation unstable. So there is a limit to the maximum speed above normal, possible
by this method.

8. What is a DC chopper? (2marks)

DC chopper is single stage dc to dc conversion device using power electronic devices and
circuits. The DC voltage variation at the load terminals can be obtained by using either
current limit control (or) time ratio control.

9. What is meant by slip power recovery scheme? (2marks)

In this method, a voltage is injected in the rotor circuit. The frequency and hence voltage to
be injected must be at slip frequency. The injected EMF may oppose or assist the rotor
induced EMF. In former case, the effective rotor resistance increases. In later case, it
decreases. Thus by controlling the magnitude of injected EMF speed can be controlled.

10. State all possible methods of speed control of 3-phase induction motors.
(2marks)
The speed control from stator side is achieved in following ways:
1. By changing the applied voltage.
2. By changing the applied frequency.
3. By changing the number of stator poles.
The speed control from rotor side is achieved by,
1. Rotor rheostat control.
2. By operating two motors in concatenation or cascade.
3. By injection an EMF in the rotor circuit.

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PART B — (5  16 = 80 marks)

11. (a) Explain various classes of motor drives. (16 marks)

The various classes of motor duties are

i. Continuous duty (2 marks)

Continuous duty denotes the operation of electric drive motor at

constant load torque for a long duration
The motor temperature reaches maximum steady state value

ii. Short time duty (2marks)

The time of drive motor operation is considerably less than the

heating time constant and the machine is allowed to cool off to
ambient temperature before the next cycle.

iii. Intermittent periodic duty (2 marks)

It consists of a period of running at a constant load and a rest period.

Neither the duration of running is sufficient to raise the temperature to

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a steady-state value, nor is the rest period long enough for the
machine to cool off to ambient temperature.

iv. Intermittent periodic duty with starting

(3 marks)

It is an intermittent duty where heat losses during starting is

considered along with the period of running and rest period.
Here the operating and rest periods are too short for the steady state
temperature to be reached.

v. Intermittent periodic duty with starting and braking

(3 marks)

It is an intermittent duty where the heat losses are considered for

starting period, period of operation, with a constant load, a braking
period with electrical braking and rest period.
Here the operating and rest periods are too short for the steady state
temperature to be reached.

vi. Continuous duty with intermittent periodic loading

(2marks)
This type consists of periodic duty cycles, each consisting of a period
of running at a constant load and a period of running at no load, with
normal voltage.
Load and no load period is too short for the respective temperature to
get saturated.

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vii. Continuous duty with periodic speed changes (2marks)

It consists of various periods of running with speed variation during
each period.
Operating periods under various speed are too short for respective
steady-state temperatures to be attained.
Here there is no period of rest.

Or

(b) Describe the selection of motor rating for continuous duty load. (16)

12. (a) Explain the modifications to the speed-torque characteristics of a dc shunt motor for
the following :
(i) with increase in armature resistance

(ii) by field weakening.

Or
(b) A 220 V dc series motor runs at 1200 rpm (clockwise) and takes an armature current of 80
A when driving a load with constant torque. Armature resistance is 0.05 Ω and
field resistance is 0.05 Ω . Find the magnitude and direction of motor speed and
armature current if the motor terminal voltage is reversed and the number of turns in
field winding is reduced to 80%. Assume linear magnetic circuit.

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13. (a) (i) Explain the function and working of ‘Overload Release’ in a three point
starter for shunt motors. (6marks)

(ii) A 250 V, 37 kW, DC shunt motor is allowed to exert a maximum of

150 percent of the full-load torque during the starting period. The resistance of
armature is 0.2 ohm and the full-load efficiency is
84 percent. Number of sections of resistances in the starter is 7. Determine :
(1) the upper and lower limits of current during starting
(2) the values of resistances of each section of the starter. (10)
Or
(b) (i) With the help of a neat circuit diagram, explain the working of
star- delta starter. (8marks)
(Explanation on working 3 marks)

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(Expression of torque ratio 2 marks)

(Diagram 3 marks)

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(ii) A three phase induction motor has a ratio of maximum torque to full load torque as
2.5 : 1. The rotor resistance and stand still reactance per phase are 0.4 ohm
and 4 ohm respectively Determine the ratio of starting torque to full load
torque, if a star-delta starter is used.
(8)

14. (a) With circuit describe DC motor Ward-Leonard control system.

(16 marks)

(Introduction and principle of operation – 4 marks)

(Diagram – 4 marks)

(Working Explanation – 4 marks)

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(Speed - Torque & HP – Torque characteristics – 2 marks)

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(Advantages and Disadvantages – 2 marks)

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Or

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(b) Explain first quadrant chopper control of separately excited motor for continuous
conduction.
(Each mode carries 3 marks = 4 x 3 = 12 marks)

(Circuit and graph - 4 marks)

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15. (a) Explain how the speed of SRIM is controlled by feeding back its slip power to
the mains. Derive the expression between the slip and delay angle
(16 marks)

The speed of a Slip-Ring Induction motor is controlled by recovering its slip power and
feeding it back electrically to its mains supply by using Static Scherbius System
This system can be classified as

i. DC Link Static Scherbius Drive

ii. Cyclo-converter Static Scherbius Drive

(12 marks can be awarded for any one menthod explained in detail with
diagram )

DC link static scherbius drive

This system consists of SRIM,2 no of phase controlled bridges, smoothing inductor and

step up transformer.this system is used for both sub-synchronous speed and

supersynchronous

speed operation.

4.10.1.1 Sub-Synchronous speed operation

In sub-synchronous speed -control of SRIM, slip power is removed from the rotor

circuit and is pumped back into the ac supply. Figure shows the dc link static

Scherbius system. ln the Scherbius system, when the machine is operated at subsynchronous

speed, phase controlled bridge l operates in the rectifier mode and bridge

2 operates in the inverter mode. In other words, bridge l has firing angle less than 90°

whereas bridge 2 has firing angle more than 90°. The slip power Flows from rotor

circuit to bridge l, bridge 2, transformer and returned to the supply i.e.

Or

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(b) (i) Draw the circuit for the stator voltage control scheme for 3-phase induction motor,
employing thyristors. (10)
(ii) Draw and explain the torque characteristics of induction motor for variable
frequency operation at constant v/f ratio. (6)

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