ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

A Subsidiary Organ of Organization of Islamic Cooperation

Board Bazar, Gazipur - 1704

Course Code: CEE-4361

Course Title: Fluid Mechanics Lab

Experiment No. 06
Name of the Experiment: STUDY OF FLOW THROUGH VENTURI METER

Date of Performance: July 22, 2021

Date of Submission: July 23, 2021

Submitted to:
MD. Rifat Hossain Bhuiyan,
Lecturer,
Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering,
Islamic University of Technology

Submitted by:
Md. Ibrahim Talukdar
Department: Civil & Environmental Engineering
Section: B
Student ID: 190051245
 1) DATA Tables & Graphs
Table-1: Determination of Actual (Measured) Pressure through Venturi Meter:
Piezometer Diameter of Area, an 𝒂𝒂𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐 𝒂𝒂𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐 𝒂𝒂𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐
Tube No. Cross Section (mm2) � � � � -� �
𝒂𝒂𝒏𝒏 𝒂𝒂𝟏𝟏 𝒂𝒂𝒏𝒏
(mm)
A (1) 26 530.93 0.1434 0.00
B 23.2 422.73 0.2262 - 0.0828
C 18.4 265.9 0.5717 - 0.4284
D (2) 16 201.06 1.00 - 0.8565
E 16.79 221.41 0.8246 - 0.6815
F 18.47 267.93 0.5631 - 0.4200
G 20.16 319.21 0.3967 - 0.2533
H 21.48 362.37 0.3078 - 0.1644
J 23.53 434.84 0.2138 - 0.0704
K 25.21 499.15 0.1622 - 0.0188
L 26 530.93 0.1434 0.00

Table-2: Determination of Ideal Pressure through Venturi Meter:

Piezometer hn – h1 𝒉𝒉𝒏𝒏 − 𝒉𝒉𝟏𝟏
Tube No. hn (mm) (mm) 𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐
𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐
A (1) 255 0 0
B 248 -7 - 0.048
C 202 - 53 - 0.363
D (2) 130 - 125 - 0.857
E 144 - 111 - 0.761
F 187 - 68 - 0.466
G 207 - 48 - 0.329
H 218 - 37 - 0.254
J 226 - 29 - 0.199
K 234 - 21 - 0.144
L 241 - 14 - 0.096
190051245
 Measured and Ideal Pressure Distribution Graph
0
0 50 100 150 200 250
-0.1

-0.2
Pressures (Measured & Ideal)

-0.3

-0.4

-0.5

-0.6

-0.7

-0.8

-0.9

-1
Distance from Inelt (mm)

Measured Ideal

Table-3: Determination of Actual (Qa) & Theoretical (Qt) Flow Rates:

Actual Qt =
Wt. of Collection Flow Rate, h1 h2 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐(𝒉𝒉𝟏𝟏 −𝒉𝒉𝟐𝟐 ) Cd =
SI Collected Duration, t 𝑾𝑾 (mm) (mm) a2 × 𝑸𝑸𝒂𝒂
Qa = � 𝟏𝟏−�𝒂𝒂𝟐𝟐�𝟐𝟐
Water (sec) 𝝆𝝆𝝆𝝆
𝒂𝒂𝟏𝟏
𝑸𝑸𝒕𝒕
(kg) (m3s-1)
(m3s-1)
1 5 14.9 3.355×10-4 0.9866
2 5 16.092 3.107×10-4 0.9137
3 5 14.45 3.460×10-4 1.0175
4 5 18.2 2.747×10-4 255 130 3.400337×10-4 0.8078
5 5 18.88 2.648×10-4 0.7787
6 5 15.5 3.226×10-4 0.9487
7 5 17.31 2.888×10-4 0.8493
8 5 15.6 3.205×10-4 0.9425

190051245
 Cd VS Qa Graph
1.2

0.8

0.6
Cd

0.4

0.2

0
0 0.00005 0.0001 0.00015 0.0002 0.00025 0.0003 0.00035 0.0004
Qa

Total Calculation Process of 8th Data:

A = a= Area
v = velocity
V= Volume
t = time
d = diameter
ρ = Mass Density
So,
Actual Flow Rate,
𝐀𝐀𝐀𝐀 𝐕𝐕 𝐰𝐰 𝟓𝟓 𝐤𝐤𝐤𝐤
QA = Av = = = = = 3.205×10-4 𝐦𝐦𝟑𝟑 𝐬𝐬¯𝟏𝟏
𝐭𝐭 𝐭𝐭 𝛒𝛒𝐭𝐭 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝐤𝐤𝐤𝐤𝐤𝐤¯𝟑𝟑 ×𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏.𝟔𝟔 𝐬𝐬

190051245
Now, Applying Bernoulli’s Equation at point 1 (Piezometer Tube No. A) & 2
(Piezometer Tube No. D):

v21 v22
+ h1 = + h2
2g 2g

Or, v12 = 2g (h2 - h1) + v22 _________ (i)

From continuity equation:

a1v1 = a2v2
a2
Or, v1= × v2 _________ (ii)
a1

From equation (i) & (ii):

𝑎𝑎22
v12 = 2g (h2 - h1) + v22 = × v22
𝑎𝑎12

−𝑎𝑎22 × 𝑣𝑣22
Or, 2g (h1 - h2) - v22 =
𝑎𝑎12

a22 × v22
Or, v22 - = 2g (h1 - h2)
a21

a22
Or, v22 (1- ) = 2g (h1 - h2)
a21

2g(h1 −h2 )
Or, v2 = � a 2
1−� 2 �
a 1

Theoretical Flow Rate,

𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐(𝐡𝐡𝟏𝟏 −𝐡𝐡𝟐𝟐 ) 𝟐𝟐×𝟗𝟗.𝟖𝟖×(𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐−𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏)×𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎−𝟑𝟑
Qt = a2 × v2 = a2 × = 201.06 × � m3s-1
� 𝐚𝐚𝟐𝟐
𝟏𝟏−� �
𝟐𝟐
𝟏𝟏−�
𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐.𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟐𝟐
�
𝐚𝐚𝟏𝟏 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓.𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗

= 3.400337×10-4 m3s-1

190051245
Measured Pressure Distribution (for “G”),
𝐚𝐚𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐 𝐚𝐚𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐.𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐.𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟐𝟐
� � -� � =� � -� � = 0.1434 – 0.3967 = 0.2533
𝐚𝐚𝟏𝟏 𝐚𝐚𝐆𝐆 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓.𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑.𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐

Velocity Head at Point 2 (Piezometer Tube No. D),

v22 h1 −h2 (255−130)×10−3
= a 2
= 201.06 2
m = 0.145927 m
2g 1− � 2 � 1− � �
a1 530.93

Ideal Pressure Distribution (for “G”),

𝐡𝐡𝐆𝐆 −𝐡𝐡𝟏𝟏 (𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐−𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐)×𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏−𝟑𝟑 𝒎𝒎
𝟐𝟐 = = - 0.329
𝐯𝐯𝟐𝟐 𝟎𝟎.𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝐦𝐦
𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐

2) Comment on Coefficient of Discharge

The mean value of Coefficient of Discharge (Cd) is 0.9056. As the Typical Value of Cd
ranges from 0.92 to 0.99, the mean value we obtained from the Experiment is very
close but there’s slight error in Observation as well as Equipments.

3) Relationship between Actual Discharge (Qa) & Coefficient of

Discharge (Cd)
Observing the Graph, it’s clear that there’s linear relation between Actual Discharge
(Qa) and Coefficient of Discharge (Cd). They’re Proportional to Each Other.

4) Reason behind the discrepancies between Ideal and Measured

Pressure Distribution:
There are many reasons behind the discrepancies between ideal and measured
pressure distribution. Ideal pressure distribution depends only on gravitational
force, other factors cannot influence. But Viscosity, Friction contributes when we do
experiment to measure pressure distribution and then discrepancy is occurred.
190051245