Name:______________________________________________Date:___________________ Name:______________________________________________Date:___________________

Activity no.____ (Lewis Symbol) Activity no.____ (Lewis Symbol)

Name:______________________________________________________________Date:___________________
Activity no.____ (Activity 3: Bonding by Transfer of Electrons )
Procedure:
1. Select a metallic and a non-metallic element. Write the Lewis Symbol and electronegativity value of
both elements. Subtract the electronegativity value of the metallic element from the non-metallic
element.
..
Na .EN = 0.90 :Cl: EN = 3.0
. .
Thus:
2.0 – 0.90 = 2.1
*If the difference is greater than 1.9, complete transfer of electron/s is possible.
2. With the use of an arrow, show the complete transfer of electrons.
4. Choose 5 combinations that will result to ionic bonding.
Q1. What kind of element forms cation after ionic bonding?
Q2. What kind of element forms anion after ionic bonding? Why?
Q3. Why do ions form afterionic bonding?
Ions form after ionic bonding because this type of bond involves complete transfer of
electrons.
Q4. Did the atoms attain stability after ionic bonding? Explain you answer.
Yes, after ionic bonding the participating atoms attain the stable electronic
configuration of the nearest noble gas.
Q5. How can you tell that ionic bonding will take place between metals and non-metals?
Ionic bonding will take place between metal and non-metal with electronegativity difference of
greater than 1.9.
Q6. Will all combinations of metals and non-metals form ionic bond? Why?
Not all metal-nonmetal combinations will result in an ionic bond.Only those with electronegativity
difference of more than 1.9 will result to an ionic bond.
Name:______________________________________________________________Date:___________________
Activity no.____ (Activity 3: Bonding by Transfer of Electrons )
Procedure:
1. Select a metallic and a non-metallic element. Write the Lewis Symbol and electronegativity value of
both elements. Subtract the electronegativity value of the metallic element from the non-metallic
element.
..
Na .EN = 0.90 :Cl: EN = 3.0
Thus:
2.0 – 0.90 = 2.1
*If the difference is greater than 1.9, complete transfer of electron/s is possible.
2. With the use of an arrow, show the complete transfer of electrons.
4. Choose 5 combinations that will result to ionic bonding.
Q1. What kind of element forms cation after ionic bonding?
Q2. What kind of element forms anion after ionic bonding? Why?
Q3. Why do ions form afterionic bonding?
Ions form after ionic bonding because this type of bond involves complete transfer of
electrons.
Q4. Did the atoms attain stability after ionic bonding? Explain you answer.
Yes, after ionic bonding the participating atoms attain the stable electronic
configuration of the nearest noble gas.
Q5. How can you tell that ionic bonding will take place between metals and non-metals?
Ionic bonding will take place between metal and non-metal with electronegativity difference of
greater than 1.9.
Q6. Will all combinations of metals and non-metals form ionic bond? Why?
Not all metal-nonmetal combinations will result in an ionic bond.Only those with electronegativity
difference of more than 1.9 will result to an ionic bond.
Name:______________________________________________________________Date:___________________ Activity no.____ (Activity 4: Bonding by Sharing of Electrons)
Procedure:
Activity no.____ (Activity 4: Bonding by Sharing of Electrons) 1. Show how the sharing of electrons form covalent bond in the following compounds:
Procedure: a. ammonia (NH3)
1. Show how the sharing of electrons form covalent bond in the following compounds: b. water (H2O)
a. ammonia (NH3) c. hydrogen chloride (HCl)
b. water (H2O) d. nitrogen gas (N2)
c. hydrogen chloride (HCl) e. oxygen gas (O2)
d. nitrogen gas (N2) f. methane (CH4)
e. oxygen gas (O2) g. hydrogen gas (H2)
f. methane (CH4) h. phosphine (PH3)
g. hydrogen gas (H2) i. sulfur dioxide (SO2)
h. phosphine (PH3) j. chlorine gas (Cl2)
i. sulfur dioxide (SO2) Supply Table 2 with the data obtained in number 1.
j. chlorine gas (Cl2) Table 2. Types of Covalent Bonds
Supply Table 2 with the data obtained in number 1.
Table 2. Types of Covalent Bonds

Answers to Questions:
Name:______________________________________________________________Date:___________________ Q1. How do covalent bonds form between atoms?
Covalent bonds form between atoms due to the sharing of electrons to attain
stability.
Q2. What kind of elements usually forms covalent bond? Is it possible for metals and
non-metals to form nonpolar covalent? Why? How about polar covalent bond? Why?
Generally, non-metals form covalent bonds. However, there are cases that
metals and non-metals also form polar covalent bond. It is impossible for a
metal and a non-metal to form a nonpolar covalent bond.
Q4. Differentiate polar covalent bond from nonpolar covalent bond.
Activity 5: Bonding Among Metals
Metals have low ionization energy so they easily lose their outermost electrons. A
large number of metal atoms can share their valence electrons through a special
type of bond called metallic bonding. This type of bonding is different from the
covalent and the ionic bond. In metallic bonding, the electrons are not moving
around one nucleus. The positive atomic nuclei of the metal are surrounded by
electrons moving freely throughout the piece of metal. These moving electrons in
metals are called a “sea of electrons.” So, what holds the metal together are the
strong forces of attraction between the positive nuclei and the freely moving
electrons.
Answers to Questions:
Q1. How do covalent bonds form between atoms?
Covalent bonds form between atoms due to the sharing of electrons to attain
stability.
Q2. What kind of elements usually forms covalent bond? Is it possible for metals and
non-metals to form nonpolar covalent? Why? How about polar covalent bond? Why?
Generally, non-metals form covalent bonds. However, there are cases that
metals and non-metals also form polar covalent bond. It is impossible for a
metal and a non-metal to form a nonpolar covalent bond.
Q4. Differentiate polar covalent bond from nonpolar covalent bond.
Activity 5: Bonding Among Metals
Metals have low ionization energy so they easily lose their outermost electrons. A
large number of metal atoms can share their valence electrons through a special
type of bond called metallic bonding. This type of bonding is different from the
covalent and the ionic bond. In metallic bonding, the electrons are not moving
around one nucleus. The positive atomic nuclei of the metal are surrounded by
electrons moving freely throughout the piece of metal. These moving electrons in
metals are called a “sea of electrons.” So, what holds the metal together are the
strong forces of attraction between the positive nuclei and the freely moving
electrons.
Answers to Questions:
Q1. What do you think will make bonding among metals possible?
Metals tend to lose electrons to become stable, this property makes metallic bonding
possible the positive atomic nuclei are surrounded by moving electrons, which are
negatively charged, are then attracted to the positively charged nuclei.
Table 3. Metallic Properties
Answers to Questions:
Q1. What do you think will make bonding among metals possible?
Metals tend to lose electrons to become stable, this property makes metallic bonding
possible the positive atomic nuclei are surrounded by moving electrons, which are
negatively charged, are then attracted to the positively charged nuclei.
Table 3. Metallic Properties
Activity ___: Differences between Ionic and Covalent Compounds
Procedure:
1. Get a pinch of salt, place it in a spoon and heat it with the use of an alcohol burner. Do the same
with vetsin, sugar and grated candle wax. Record what you observe in column 1 of Table 6.
2. Place a pinch of salt, vetsin, sugar and grated candle wax in separate vials. Dip the electrode of the
electrical conductivity apparatus in each vial. Be sure you clean the electrode before transferring to the
next vial. Record your observations in column 2 of Table 6 and specify that the observation is for the
solid sample.
3. Add approximately 3 mL of water in each vial. Test the conductivity of the compound with water.
Record your observations in column 2 of Table 6 and specify that the observation is for the solid
sample added with water.
4. Complete the table below.
Q1. What type of compound:
a. dissolves easily in water
b. conducts electricity in solution
c. melts easily
Q2. Explain why salt and vetsin can conduct electricity in solution?
Q3. Make a general statement about the properties of ionic and covalent
compounds.
Ionic compounds are water soluble, they have high melting point and can conduct
electricity in solution. Covalent compounds have low melting point, nonpolar covalent
compounds are insoluble in water and usually are poor conductors of heat and
electricity.
Activity ___: Differences between Ionic and Covalent Compounds
Procedure:
1. Get a pinch of salt, place it in a spoon and heat it with the use of an alcohol burner. Do the same
with vetsin, sugar and grated candle wax. Record what you observe in column 1 of Table 6.
2. Place a pinch of salt, vetsin, sugar and grated candle wax in separate vials. Dip the electrode of the
electrical conductivity apparatus in each vial. Be sure you clean the electrode before transferring to the
next vial. Record your observations in column 2 of Table 6 and specify that the observation is for the
solid sample.
3. Add approximately 3 mL of water in each vial. Test the conductivity of the compound with water.
Record your observations in column 2 of Table 6 and specify that the observation is for the solid
sample added with water.
4. Complete the table below.
Q1. What type of compound:
a. dissolves easily in water
b. conducts electricity in solution
c. melts easily
Q2. Explain why salt and vetsin can conduct electricity in solution?
Q3. Make a general statement about the properties of ionic and covalent
compounds.
Ionic compounds are water soluble, they have high melting point and can conduct
electricity in solution. Covalent compounds have low melting point, nonpolar covalent
compounds are insoluble in water and usually are poor conductors of heat and
electricity.