F R A NC I S B A C O N,

P O E T, P R O P H E T, P H IL OSO PHER
.
 W . F . C . WI G ST O N
A UT H O R o r A NE W S T UD Y o r S H A E EA E
K SP R
QQ
B A C O N, S H A E EA E
K SP R A ND T H E

E E E A
, ,

“ “H
n o s xc n u c m n s , RM S ST LL .

O rph e us h i m s e lf w a s t o rn t o pi e c e s b y t h e w o m e n i n t h e i r fu ry , a n d hi s li m b s s ca t t e re d a b o u t t he
fi e lds : a t w h o s e de a t h , H LI
E C O N (r i ve r s a c re d to t he M u se s ) , i n g r i ef a nd i n di gn a t i o n , b u r i ed hi s
wa t e r s u n de r t he ea r th t o r e a p p ea r e lse wher e .
”
(B a co n
’
s
“
Wi s do m o f t he A n cie n ts,
"
O rp h e u s ) .

L O ND O N
KEG A N PAU L , T RENC H , T RUB NER CC .
,
LT D

1 8 9 1
 (thi s W ork i s De b i c a t e o

TO

I G NA T I U S DO N NE L LY

I N T O K EN

O F R ES PE CT A ND A I
DM R T O NA I

T H E A UTH O R .
 P RE F A C E .

IT m a y i n t e re st t ho se w ho a re a lr e a d y c o n v e rt s t o t he B a c o n ia n

t he o r y of t he a u t ho rshi
p of t he Pla y s, t o lea rn t ha t M r Do n n e ll y
ha s m a de fur t he r di sc o v e ri e s . H e w ri t e s u n de r da t e 1 2t h J u ly

1 8 90 : “
I a m s t i ll a t wor k ,
in a ll l e i su re m o m e n t s, u po n t he

C i phe r, a nd a m w or in g k out t he c om pl e t e a nd p e r fe c t st o r y ,

a nd ho pe t o p u bl i sh so m e t hi n g b e fo re l o n g t ha t w i ll en d t he

c o n t ro v e rs y .
”
 C O NT E NT S .

P AE
G

I NTRODUOTI O N
'

Pr e li m i n a r y Re m a rk s —Li th o g ra ph F a c si m i le Co p y of pa ge s
5 2, 53, CO NF E SS O I F RA TE RNIT A TIS , or Co n f e ss i on of t h e La ud

a bl e O r de r of t he R o s y C ro ss ,
”
p u b li s h e d a t F r a n kfo r t , 1 61 7,
sh o wi n
g ho w a S t a g e Pl a ye r i s h e ld up to c on t e m pt as a n

i m p o st o r M i c ha e l Ma i e r p u blis h e s t hre e w o rks i m m e di a t e l y

a ft e r hi s re t u r n fro m a vi i s t t o E n gla nd in 1 61 6—In hi s “
Ex
a m in a ti on a nd E xp o su re of Dr o n e s a nd F a ls e A l c hym i sts ,
”
he
d i de n t i fi e s P o e try w i t h Al c hym y,
”
re e c h o e s
-
t he C o n f e ssi o , a n

v
gi i n g hi n t s fo r t h e Ro s i c ru c i a n s t he m s e l v es —H i s S e ri o Co m i c
“ ”
Di a l o g u e , b a si cs S eri u s, w ri tt e n a ls o w i th r e g a rd to h is
y d—C y Wa ki n g M a n ’
st a in E n g la n o n ta i n s t he st o r of t he s

Dre a m re p e a te d in the I n du c ti o n of the Ta m i n g of t he

S hre w , b y t h e i n c i de n t of t he s u b st i t u t i o n Chr i s t o p h e r S ly
of

i n t h e p la c e of a . L o rd—B a c o n
’
s F r a gm e n t u p o n a me Pa raF —
p hra s e fr o m Vi gil —Hi F b l
r s a e of P e rse u s t wi c e re p e a te d—T h e

P e rs e u s m yt h a. Ro s i c ru c i a n m yt h c e n t re .

C H A PTE R I .

H ISTO R Y OF KI NG H N Y E R T HE SEVE NH T

Ba
’
H i s to ry of
“
Ki n g H e n ry t he Se v
e n th —Mi ss i n g Lin k
ys—
c on s

i n t he o r de rl y su c c e ss i o n of Chro n i c l e Pla Ba c o n wri t e s t hi s

H is t o ry ll e ls — Ci p h e r
’
so l e Pa ra c o n n e c ti on b e t w e e n Ba c on s

H e n r y th e Se v e n th a nd t h e 1 623 F o li o Pla ys .

C H A PTER II .

A N
B CO
'
S ES S AY A PL
S P IE D TO T H E P LAY S

vy
A m b i t i o n , En a nd De fo rm i t y—Ri c ha rd III —The rs i t es

d—
.
,

Ed m u n D Jh on o n —Phi li p t he B a sta r d —C a s si u s a n d Ca e sa r
C i ce r o .
 C HA PT E R III .

’
Ba c o n s Es sa ys APP LI E D To TH E PL AY — S co n t i n ued

S u sp i c i o n M a li c e -
Cu n ni n g —Oth e ll o a n d Ia go Vi a n - Glo r y
—A
-
.

c hille s a
nd A j a x .
—B o ldn e ss Ba rdo lp h, Nym , Pi st o l .

Pa ra s i te s a nd Tre n c h e r Fi r en ds Tim o n a nd A pe m a n t u s.

Usu ry Re v enge S hyloc k —Ri c he s Th e Thre e Ca sk e t s

—P
. .

Fir e n dshi p a r e n ts a n d Chil dre n .

—F o llo w e rs a n d Fi r e n ds .

C HA PT ER IV .

DIVINA I N T O A ND PRE DI CT I O N
Au g u ry —P e rspe c t i v —R fi
e e e c ti o n - G la ss M i rro r —R o si c ru c i a n

I de a s —The Wo rld as The a t re —Th e Thea tre as Na tu re —The

M u si c of t h e S p h e res —A n o the r Ro si c ru c ia n Doc t ri n e .

CH A PTER V .

Ba c o n
’
s Ga c xc s o n TH E MI N D

Q u o ta t i o n s s ho wi n g Sha k e sp e a re e m plo ys t he w o rd weed for

vi —O
ce ur Bo di e s c o m p a re d to a. G a rde n —Ab a n do n ed s i n ce t he
F ll—Ki
a ng Le a r a n e g le c te d pi e c e Of g r o u n d, c ro wn e d w it h

furro w w e e ds a nd da rn e l —Th e M i c ro c osm t he re fle c t i o n of t he

M a c ro c o sm —Di sea se s o f t he M i n d —T he Pa ra b le of th e Ta l e n ts
”
i llu st ra t e d b y M e a s u re fo r M e a s ure .

C H APTER VI .

A N
B CO AND SE N A
EC

P oe m b y Po w e ll , c o m p a ri n g Ba c o n t o S e n e c a the Dra ma ti st
v
E i de n t ly wri tt e n b y o n e w ho kn e w Ba c o n s po e ti c si de Re
’
—
s e m bla n ce o f Ba c o n t o Se n e c a —H i s se lf c o m pa ris o n wi t h hi m -

Bo t h sa c ri fi ce s of F a c ti o n .

C H A PTER VI I .

A NT ITHETA iN Ba c o n s
’
WRIT IN G S

Fi d th i
n e r re fl ec t i o n i n th e a n t i t he t i ca l st yle of S ha kes pea re

Evi d f
e n ce o a n i m pe rso na l phil o so phi ca l m i n d t ra i n e d i n t he
l — Co llec t i o n o f An t i t he ta si m p ly T e xt s fo r hi s
’
sc hoo s B a c on s
 C ON T E NT S . xi

—A “
P AE
G
Essa ys n t i t he t a fo u n d i n t h e De Au g m e n t i s , u n de r t he
Wisd o m of Pri vt a e S pe e c h , a n d a s p a rt o f t he De li e ry o f v
Se c re t k n o w le dg e Tra di t i o n —Co l o u r s G oo d d Evil Th
or of a n
{ e

A ti t —
-

A n t i t he t a rea lly t he C o l o u rs of t h e Dra m a t i c r Sts g ra n e

i n t ro du c t i o n of Ba c on s
’
Wo rks i n t he “
De Au g m e n t i s .
”
a s

de fic i e n t s .

C H A PT E R V II I .

H I S T OR Y ,
POETR Y PH IL PHY
, OS O

Ba c o n
’
s su s p i c i o u s de fin i ti o n of H i st o ry a nd P oe t ry —Th e ir

c l o se re la ti o ns hi p a s pa st hi s t o ry m a de p r e se n t or vi i bl —Th
s e e

Chr o n i c le H i sto ri e s i n t he 1 623 F li o —B

’
n u m be r o f o a c on s t ri

p a r ti t e fou n da t i o n s of Lea rn i n g , or F a c u lt i e s of t he S o u l
M e m o ry—I m a gi n a t i o n —R —M a k e s Po e t ry o n e o f t he e m a n
e a so n

a ti o n a of t he So u l, on w hi c h S c i e n c e i s b a s e d—Ne e rt he l e ss v
“
c o n fe s s e s , Po e t ry i s n ot a k n o w le dg e , b u t a. p la y of wi t

En i g m a t i c c ha ra c t e r of
“
The Ad v a ncement of Le a rn in g
Ba con ide n t i fi e s H is t o ry wi t h Cu s t o dy or M e m o ry—H i s a rt o f

T ra di t i on or De li v er y or t ra n sfe rri n g t ho se t hi n g s l a i d up in
t he m e m or y to o t he rs , &c .

C H APT E R IX .

V UL A M
ER A ND YMB LIN
C E E

Old V l m e ru a se a t of Ca ssi b u l a n , u n c l e t o C ym b e li n e —I m o g e n
a nd he r t w o b ro t h e rs p a ra lle l s fo r H e l e n , Ca s t o r , a n d Po llu x
L i o n s W h e lp Cu ri o u s M S S wri tte n b y Si r T o b i e
’
The .

Ma t t h e w s .

C H A PT E R X .

TE M PLE A ND V ULAM H U
ER O SE

Au b re y
’
s de sc ri pt i v e de ta ils —P a in t i n g s fro m c la ss i c a l j
su b e c t s

-
Ce re s —J u pi te r a n d Apo llo re p re se n t e d o n t h e wa lls of V e r u la m

Ho u se —The Fi h P
s o n ds .

C H A PT ER X I .

PA ALL L
R E S

t— W i sdo m i n t he
’ “ of t he A n c i e n t s re fo u n d
H m le
a B a con s

P la ys—H o rt i c u l t ura l Pa ra lle ls —Cu st o m H a bi t , , Us e —L o v e

—Fa l c o n ry — S w a n s Du k e H u m ph re y—M u s i c- .
 C ON TE N T S .

B A CO N, S H A K E S P E A R E , A ND T H E ROS C RUC A NS I I .

C HA PT ER I .

A N
B CO A ND T HE ROS IORUCIA NS

De Q uin ce ys '
s ta te m e n ts m i s le a di n g —Rod cru c ia ns n ot g o ld
se e ke rs —Ro s i c ru c ia n s re v ea l Ba co ni a n e n ds —Th e ir Bo o k of

Na t u re re fle c te d i n Ba c on s
’
Sy l v a Sy lva ru m —Ma i er vi i t
s s

E n g la nd —O u his r e tu rn to G e rm a n y se e ks t o fo u n d a So c i e t y
Ba con wa s e n li st in g t he se r vi ces of lea rn e d m e n b e yo n d t h e se a s

fo r so m e se c re t p u rp o se u n kn o wn to na —Hi st o r y of t h e Ro ya l
So c i e t y m i xe d u p wi th t he his t o ry of t he Ro si c ru c i a n Ca m pa n e lla

—T est i m o y o f De n s C a rt e s , Li e b n i t z , H e l m o n t , sho wi n g t he Ro si
c ru c i a n S o c i e t y di d n o t e x is t b ro a d—Pa ra ll e l
'
a s be t wee n Ba con s

wri t i n gs a nd Flu dd
’
s—All us i o ns t o S o l o m o n , Pe rsi a n Ma g i c , a nd

t h e S ta r i n t h e Ea s t , b o t h b y l u dd a n d Ba c o n i n i de n t i ca l F
la n g ua ge
— B a c o n a do p te d t h e Ro si c ru ci a n e m b le m o r t yp e o f
A rc hi t e c t u re a nd A g ri c u lt u re .

C H A PTE R II .

NOTES ON ROS IC RUOIAN LIT ER AU T RE

S t ra n g e c o rres p on de n c e be t w e e n Ro si c ru e ia n li t e ra t u re a nd

t he da te of Sha k e sp ea re s
’
de a t h, 1 61 6 —Th e c o n t ro ve rs y is a t i ts
he ig ht i n 1 61 7 , w he n t he En g lish m a n Ro be rt Fl u dd de fe n ds t he
O rde r a g a i n st t he a t ta c k s o f fo re ig n e rs —Ba c on s
’
t e rm I NSTAU RA
T IO N
a ls o u se d b y t h e Ro s i c ru c i a n s i n t he se nse of RES T O R A N TI O

of Ar ts a nd Sc i e n c e s —B u rt o n s e
’
vi d e nce i n his “
An a t o m y of

Me la n c hol y , 1 621 —S ta t e m ent t ha t t he fo u n de r of t he Rosi

c ru c i a n Orde r w a s t h e n l i i n g Om n i u m a rti u m ct v sc i e n t ia r u m

i n sta u ra t or —
In En g la n d o n ly Ro si c ru c ia n i s m t oo k ro o t , s h o w

i n g i ts ori g in —F lu dd re c e i v es m on e y fr o m a b ro a d, a nd p u bli s he s
a t F ra n kfo rt —R e ce i v es
’
l e t t e rs fro m fo re i g n e rs —H i s own w o rds

p ro v e o ri gi n a li t y —P a ra l le ls .

C H A PTER I II .

ROS I CRU IAN PA ALL L

C R E S To B A CO N s
’
W RIT I NG S

A i r, S o u l , S p i r i t —B e es a n d Ro s e s —R ose a n d Lil y —Th e Ra ve n

a nd Do v —W p
e ea o n - sa l v —Th
e e Cha i n of Na tu re —Pa n Orphe us -

—S t r d F i r e d hi p — Nm e s—Fo u n da t i o n s
—
if e a n Th
n s e
'

g i vi n g of

Ni l m si P a
’

rm l —S i g n t o
a us e s r Se a ls Ma g na lia or Ma r v l —Th
e s e
 C O NT E N T S .
xi i i
W he lp—Ro si c ru c i a n
AE
P G
Ev e rla s t i n g La m p s—T he
’
Li o n s Cu ri o si t i e s w

Py t ha g o r e a n n u m b e r Thi rt y si x - — H e ydo n s
’
La n d o f t he Ro si .

c ru c i a n s i de n t i ca l li n e fo r li n e wi t h B a Ne w At la n t i s ”
’
con s .

CH APT ER IV .

GE N A L R MA
ER E R KS

“
Re st o ra t i o n Kn o w le dg e
’
Ba c on s of c o n n e c te d wi t h hi s
Ne w A t la n t i s,
”
t he sea t of the “
S e c re t Do c t ri n e —T he si x

da ys o f Cre a t i o n —H i n t fo r t he Cre a t ive Cyc le s c o n n e c te d w i t h

t h e N a ro s—F o n dn e ss o f Ro s i c ru c i a ns fo r t h e w e e k a s a t yp e
B a c o n s e x t ra o r di n a ry p r e dil e c t i o n fo r S o lo m o n —Ba c o n a n d
’

C a m p a n e lla —Th e C i t y o f t he Su n —Pa ra ll e l s p re s e n te d i n t he

e n J o n so n s Fo rt u n a te I sle s
“
p ay o t e
“
T B
’
l f h e m p e s t -

Allu si o ns t o Ro si c ru c i a ns .

C H A PT E R V .

B A ON LY W
“
HO
’
C S AR

The T e m p la r o ri gi n o f t h e Ro si c ru c i a ns —B a con w ri t e s i n t he

s p i ri t of a Kn i g ht T e m pl a r, u rg i n g a Cru sa de —Th o u gh o nl y a

pe a c e a b le on e wi t h p e n s —S u sp i c i o u s r e fe re n c e s to di ffe r e n t
Or de rs—Ba c on re fe rs t o t he T e m ple a nd i ts re b u ildi n g —Th e
Hou se of Wi s do m —B a c o n ’
s A n t i P a p a l a n d A n t i M a h o m m e da n
- -

i t—B t o S a c ri fi c e —H i s re n u n c i a t i o n a n d
’
Spir a con s a l lu si o ns

c o m p le t e s e lf e ffa c e m e n t
- —Th e se w e re Ros i c ru c i a n do c t ri n e s .

C H APT E R VI .

H ER M ES STE LL A
Ba c on s
’
As t ro l o g i c a l M SS . No t e s , 1 603, w i t h s t ra n ge Pa ra lle ls
fro m t h e Ro si c ru c i a n ,
Ro b e r t Fl u dd —
f T he Ge r m a n t e xt of t he
”
T ra c t a t u s A p o lo g e t i c u s ,
’
six t h c h a p t e r o f F l u dd s 1 61 7 , Sho wi n g
ho w i n 1 603 t h e p la net J u p i te r w a s i n c o n j u n c ti o n w i t h Sa t u r n .

A P P N IX
E D

Ci ph e r T a b l e s—No t e s u p o n t h e m i sp a gi n g in t h e
“
1 640 Ad

v a n c e m e n t o f Le a rn i n g —E n g li sh w o r ds i n t he t e x t of t he first
”
e di t i o n o f t he Ch y m i c a l Ma rri a g e of Ch ri s t i a n Ro s y C ro ss , 1 61 6

—M a ier
’
s l o c a li t y of t h e Ro si e ru c i a ns —Pl a i n l y t h e H e sp e ri de s
or A t la n t i s.
 I NT R O D U C T IO N .

TH I S w o r k i th lt o f s e r e su so m e fe w m o n t hs
’
c l o se s t u d y . It i s
c er a t i yb dy gi i g him
n a n o v n self u p to c om v
pl e t e de o t i o n t o t hi s .

wor k m ight i ly do bl
,
ea s u e or t re bl e t he n u m ber o f
p ra lle ls
a I
a ddu c e . The c hi e f . di ffic u lt y i s t he re c o
g n i t i on of
pa ra lle li sm ,
fo r a st u de n t m u s t ha ve S ha k e sp e a r e or B a con b
y he a r t r s t , fi
Si n c e we c a n n o t re a d t he t w o a u t ho r s a t t he sa m e t i m e , a n d a n

o r di n a r y r e m e m b ra n c e o f t he c hi e f p a ssa g e s i n t he pla s i s n o t y
fi
su f c i e n t fo r di sc o v e r y . T he w o r k s ha v e t o b e r e a d a n d re r ea d

t ho u sa n ds of t i m e s, a n d r e c o gn i t i o n of t he sa m e t ho u ght s di s

g u i s e d u n de r diffe re n t la n gu a ge re q u i re s
pra c t i c e a n d a qik u c
y e e

t o de t e c t t he m . It i s c e rt a i n t he r e i s ha r dl a li n e ,y c ert a i n l y
n ot a si m i le , i llu st ra t i o n , or m e ta p ho r, w hi c h m a y n ot b e fo u n d
re p ea T hi s m a y s e e m a b o ld a ssu m p t i o n ,
t e d b y b o t h w ri t e r s .

b u t l e t a n y o n e do u bt i n g i t , r e a d M r D o n n e ll s pa ra lle ls, t he n
’
y
v
t he a st c o ll e c t i o n a ddu c e d by M rs P o t t , a n d t he J o u rn a l O f t he
B a c on Soci et y ,
t o g e t he r w i t h m i n e , a n d it is n ot t oo m u ch to y sa

t he ym u st a m o u n t t o t ho u sa n ds — c e rt a i n l y to a t l e a st fi v e hu n dre d
c o m pl e t e a nd p e rfe c t on es . T ho s e w ho r e fu se to a c k n o w le d e
g
t hi s e vi de n c e m u s t b e pre j u di c e d, a n d a r e de t e rm i n e d e v ide n t l yt o

de fe n d S ha k e sp e a r e s p re sc ri pt i v e c la i m t o t he a u t ho rshi p o f t he
’

p la y s, a t t he p o i n t o f t he b a o n et T he bye lo n
g t o.a c l a ss w hoy
w ou l d ha v e t he st a r L yra ri s e a nd se t by a u t ho ri t y . Bu t
ho w l o n g w i ll fa shi o n , p a ssi o n , a nd p j
re u di c e ho ld out a
ga i n s t
T ru t h ?
It i s i n de e d a st o n i shi n g t o fin d b o t h M r A ldi s Wright a nd Dr
xv i I N T R O D UC TI ON

A bb o t t , i n t he ir e di t i o n s o f t he Ad v a n c em en t o f L ea rn i n
g a nd
“
E ssa y s,
”
fi lli n
g t he i r n o te s a nd glo ssa ri e s wi t h i llu s t ra t i o n s
fro m S ha k e sp e a r e t o pa ra lle l t he
’
E n gli sh o f L o rd a c o n s p ros e B
w r i ti n gs

Ih a ve e n de a v o u re d to a v ido re p ea t i n g pa ra l l e ls a lrea d yp ub

q it
l i she d by o t he rs, bu t i t i s u e i m po ssi bl e t o e n t i re l e sc a p e a y
c ha rg e o f pla gi a ri sm o n t hi s p o i n t It i s i m po ss i bl e t o g u a rd .

a g a i n s t r e p e t i t i o n o f pa ra l l e ls w hi c h a r e da il b e i n g di sc o e r e d, y v
q
o r t o b e a c u a i n t e d w i t h t he e n t i r e ra n ge o f a c o n S ha e spe a r e B -
k
li t e ra t u re , w hi c h t hre a t e n s t o b e c o m e e n o rm o u s . So m e of my

pa ra ll e l s a lr ea d yhv a e a ppe a re d, bu t I ho pe t he y a re ill us t ra te d

a n ew , a nd I t hi k t h n e
g rea t e r pa rt a re o ri gi n a l; I m a y t ru l y
sa
y ,
a ll ha ve b e e n i n de p e n de n t l y a rri v ed a t .

P ro fe sso r Fo w le r po i n t s o u t i n hi s w or , t he “
No vu m O r k
g a num ,
”
t h e m a rv e llo u s r e s e m bla n c e i n s t l e , t ho u ht ,
g a nd y
li t e ra r yg e n iu s in ev y er di r e c t i o n , i n a ll w hi c h no o t he r a u t ho r

ca n be c o m pa re d t Bo a con , e x c ept i t b e Sha k e sp ea re . T e st i

m on ies oi t hi s so rt , w i t ho u t a n
y t he o r y or t hou ght b e hi n d t o

su
gg e st t ha t B a con w r o t e t he pla y s a nd i s S ha k e sp ea re s
’
do u ble ,
a re hi ghl y va lu a bl e on a c c ou n t of t he i r p e rfe c t i m m u n i t fro m y
a n y s u sp c i o n o i f bi a s or p re u di c ej . We fi n d Dr Ku n o F is c he r

p o i n tin
g
-

ou t i n li k e m a n n e r ho w t he
“
Wa n t of a yt
bi li t o ta k e a n

hi st o ri ca l su r vye o f t he w o rld i s t o b e fo u n d a li k i B e n a con a n d

S ha k e sp ea r e t o ge t he r, w i t h m a n y x e c e lle n c e s c o m m o n t o t he m

both . T o t he pa ra lle l b e t w e e n t he m , w hi c h G e rv i n u s wi t h hi s
e u l i a r t a l e n t fo r c o m b i n a t i o n ha s dra w n i n t he c o n c lu di n g
p c

re m a r k s t o hi s
‘
Sha k e sp ea re ,
’
a nd ha s i llu s t ra t e d by a se ri e s o f
a ro ri a
pp p te i n s ta n c e s, b e l o n gs t he si m ila r r e la t i o n o f b o t h t o

a nt i q ity
u ,
t he i r a fi i ty t
f n o t he Ro m a n m i n d, a nd t he i r di v e rs i t y
fro m t he G re e k .

“
T he gre a t i n t e re st t ha t a c o n to o B
i n p o rt ra i t s O f c ha ra c t e r k
v
i s p ro e d by t he fa c t t ha t he a t t e m p t e d t o dr a w t he m hi m se lf .

Wi t h a fe w fe li c i t o u s to u c he s he s k e t c he d t he c ha ra c t e rs o f J u li u s
a nd A u gu st u s C ae sa r, a n d hi s vi e w o f bo t h wa s si m i la r t o t ha t of

S ha k e sp ea re . In J u li u s C ae sa r he sa w c omb ne i d a ll t ha t t he
 I N T R O D U C TI O N xvii
Ro m a n ge n i u s ha d t o b e s t o w i n t he sha p e O f re a t n e ss, n o b i li t ,
g y
c u l t u re , a n d fa s c i n a t i o n , a n d r e a rde d hi s c ha ra c t e r a s t h e m o st
g
fo rm i da bl e t ha t t he Ro m a n w o rl d c ou ld e n c o u n t e r An d gi i n g . v
w ha t a lw a y s se r v es a s t h e p r o o f o f t he ca l c u la t i o n i n t he a na ly i s s

of a c ha ra c t e r, B a con so e xpl a i n s t he c ha ra c t e r o f C aesa r , a s to

e xpl a i n hi s fa t e a l so . He sa w , li k e Sha k e sp e a r e , t ha t C aesa r w a s

na t u ra ll yi n c li n e d to de sp o t i c fe e li n g, t ha t go v e rn e d hi s gr e a t
a

q ua li t i e s a nd a lso t he i r a b e rra t i o n s, r e n de ri n g hi m da n ge ro u s t o
t he Re pu bli c a nd bl i n d w i t h re spe c t t o hi s e n em i es . H e w i she d,
sa y B s a c on ,
‘
n ot t o be e m in e n t a m o n gs t g re a t a nd de se rvi n g
m e n , bu t t o b e c hi e f a m o n g i n fe ri o r s a nd v a ssa ls . He wa s so

m uc h da z z le d by hi s o w n gr e a t n e ss t ha t he n o l o n g e r n e w W ha t k
da n
ge r w a s .
’
Thi s i s t he sa m e Cae sa r i n t o w ho se m ou t h S ha e k
sp e a re
p u t s t he w o rds

Da n g er k n ow s fu ll w e ll
Th a t C aesa r i s m o re da n g ero u s t ha n h e .

W e w ere t w o l i o n s l i t t e r d i n o n e da y , ’

An d I th e e lde r a n d m o re t e rri bl e
’

J
.

’
u li u s Caesa r, ii
‘
( a ct . so .

W he n B a c on , a t la st , a t t ribu t e s t he fa t e of Caesa r t o hi s
fo rgi v e n e ss of e n e m i e s, t ha t by t hi s m a gn a n i m i t he m i ght y
i m p o se u po n t he m u l t i t u de , he st i ll sho w s t he da z z l e d m a n , w ho
he i ght e n s t he e x pre ssi o n o f hi s gre a t n e ss a t t he e xp e n se of hi s
s e c u ri t y ”
(
“
Fra n c i s B a con o f Ve ru l a m ,
”
Ku n o Fi sc he r, p .

The S ta n da rd o f t he 31 st De c e m b e r 1 888 c o n c lu de s its su m m a r y

of t he y ea r s
’
li t e ra t u re t hu s :
“
By di n t o f c o p i ou s a d v e r t i si n g ,

Mr Ig na t i u s D o n n e ll y ’
la b o u r s t o p r o v e t ha t
s B a con wa s t he

a u t h or o f t h e pla y s a t t ri bu t e d t o S ha e sp e a r e ha d k a t t ra c t e d c on

si de ra bl e a tt e n t i o n . B u t w he n T he G re a t Cr p t o gra m
‘
a
p y ’

p e a
r e d, i n t w o hu g e v o l u m e s, i t w a s c l e a r t ha t t he
‘
a c o n ia n B
t he o r y wa s no m o r e t ha n a c o l o s sa l m a re
’
s n e st , sc a rc e ly w o rt h

t he t r o u b l e o f s e ri o u s e x a m i n a ti o n .
”

O f t he w ri t e r of t hi s a rt i c l e Ik n ow n o t hi n g . W ho e v e r he i s
I ca n o n l y x e c la i m w i t h P ri n c e H a l, Tho u a rt a b l e ss e d fe llo w
to t hi n k a s e v yer ma n t hi n k s ; ne v er a ma n s
’
t ho u ght i n t he

b
xvi i i I N TR O D UC TI 0 1 V .

w o rld k e e ps t he ro a dw a yb etter t ha n t hi n e . Arc hde a con Fa rra r

in t he F oru m fo r M a y , u n de r t he t i t le , L i t e ra r “
y C ri t i c i s m ,
”

w ri t e s :
“
The er de m i go ds o f li t e ra t u re —Da n t e
v y a nd S ha k e

sp ea re , a n d B a con a n d M i lt o n —ha v e n o t e sca pe d t he s e m e t ho ds .

H o ra ce Wa lp o le ca ll e d Da n te
‘
e xt v gra a a n t, b sur d, di sgu st i n g
a

in sho rt , a M e t ho di st pa rs o n i n B dl m !
e a S a m u e l P e p s , Esq , y
M i dsu m m e r Ni ght
’ ’ ’
t ho u ght O t he llo t hi n g, a nd
‘ ‘ ‘
a m ea n s

Drea m t he m o st i n si pid, ri di c u lo u s
p la yI v e e r sa w i n m y life .
’

B a con s In st a u ra t i o M a gn a w a s de sc ri b e d by a n
’ ‘ ’
em i n e n t c on

y
t e m p o ra r a s t he silli e st o f p ri n t e d b o o s
’
Ha c e t , i n hi s L i fe
‘
k . k
o f L o rd Ke e p e r W i lli a m s, c a lls M i lt o n
’ ‘
a pe t t sc ho o lb o y y
sc ribb l e r
’
a n d a n o t he r c o n t e m po ra r sp o e o f hi m a s
‘
t he y k
a u t ho r of a p r o fa ne a nd la sc i vi ous po e m ca l le d ‘
Pa ra di s e
’
L o st .

T o t hi s l i st I m i ght a dd t he na m es of M e sm e r de ri de d a s a

c ha rla ta n, G a li le o , Ha rv e y ,
Ne w t o n ,
fo r t he ho s t ile c ri t i c i s m t he

t he o r y of gra vi t a tio n m et w i t h la s t e d twen t y y e a rs , even

Lei bn i t z o pp o si n g it . If su c h
gr e a t n a m e s a s t he se pa sse d
t hro u gh t he fi y
er o rde a l o f c r i t i c i sm n o t u n sc a t he d, t he i r di s

c o v e ri e s a t fi rs t de ri de d, t o b e fi na ll y uni v e rsa ll y a cce

p ed
t a s

c o m m o n pl a c e m a tt er o f c o u rs e , s ur e l y th B e a con t he o r y ca n wa it

p ro fo u n de r c o n si de ra tio n a nd a be tt v di t
er er c a t t he ha n ds o f t he

p bli c ?
u T he c ri t i c i sm q u oted fro m t he S ta n da rd m u s t i n de e d
a m u se M r Do n n e l l y ,
re c a lli n g G o e t he
’
s de sc ri p t i o n of li t e ra ry
P hili s t i n e s
Da ra n e rk e n n i c h de n g e l e hrt e n h e rrn ,
Wa s i h r n i c h t t a st e t , s t e ht e u c h m e i l e n fe rn
Wa s i hr n i c ht fa s s t , da s fe hl t eu ch
ga nz und ga r

Wa s ihr gl a u b t ih r, se i n i c h t wa h r
n i c h t re c hn e t ,

Wa s ih r n i c h t w a gt w a r a n e u c h k e i n ge w i c h t ,
Wa s i h r n i c h t m i i n z t , da s m e i n t e u c h , ge l t e n i c ht .

It i s a st o n i shi n g ho w li t t le g e n e ra l, or e v en p ri v a t e i n t e re s t a s

ye t is e x cited a ro u n d t hi s a c o n S ha B -
k e sp e a r e
p ro bl e m , se e i n g i t
p ro m i s e s m o re re a l ro m a n c e t ha n a ll t he w i lde st c t i on e er fi v
wr i t t e n . It i s a c o m m o n re m a r k t o he a r sa i d, “
W ha t ,
a ft e r a ll,
if B a con di d w r i t e t he se p la y s i
”
If t he pr o ble m e n de d he re wi t h
 I N TR O D U C T I O N x ix

si m y
p l a c la i m t o a u t ho rshi p, Ic o n fe s s I sh o u l d n o t c a re m u ch
e i t he r w ho s e n a m e t he p la s y c a r ri e d . Bu t i t i s c e rta i n t hi s i s

p e rha p s t he l e a st pa rt o f t he p ro bl e m , a n d o n l t he e n t ra n c e t o a y
y
c o m pl e t e s s t e m O f c i p he r r e e la t o r m a tter A n y do u b t a s t o v y .

t he e xi st e n c e o f a c i phe r i n t h e 1 62 3 F o li o p la s c a n o n l r e m a i n y y
i n m i n ds w ho ha v e n o t st u di e d t he pro bl e m . It i s t he fa shi o n t o
la u gh a t t hi s t he o r y ,
a s i t i s m i sc a ll e d, i n t he sa m e w a y Ha r vy
e

a nd M e sm e r s di sc o
’
v e ri e s w e r e la u gh e d a t by i n c re du l o u s a nd

i gn o ra nt c ri t i c s , w ho ca n n ot i m a gi n e su c h a t hi n g b e i n g do n e a t
a ll . Bu t i t i s certa in (a nd I w ri t e t he w ord certa i n w i t h a fu ll

se n s e t ha t i t i s w i s e n ot t o be t o o su r e o r c o n fid en t w hi lst a n ele

m en t of do u b t e xi st s
) the Rosi cru ci a n s a re a t the bottom f the mystery
o .

In t hi s w o r k t he re a de r w ill fi n d a fe w I t hi k n st ri ki
g pa ra lle lsn

po i n t i n g t hi s w a y , a nd I a m c ert a i n t he fi t rs e a rn e st st u de n t w ho

ha s a c c e ss t o t he ge n u i n e w ri t i n g s y w ill di
of t he Fra t e rn i t sc o v e r

a
g re a t ma n ym or e , a n d t ha t ily
ea s F m y lf I . t or se ca n ra c e t he

in fl u en c e of L o rd B a con t hr o u gh t t h w k
ou f th g t e or s o e rea En g
li sh Ro si cru c i a n, T ho m a s Va u gha n . All t he c u ri o u s a n d r e c o n di t e

do c t ri n e s he l d b y t he Ro si c ru c i a n s a re re
p e a t e d by B a c on , a nd

a re l so t o b e fo u n d i n t he pl a s
a y . O n e i s t he M u si c of t he

S phe r e s, a n o t he r t ha t t he M i n d of m a n is a m i rror or gla ss re flecti n g

Na tu re .
*
A t hi rd 3. Restora ti on of Kn ow ledge i s re pe a t e d by B a con

a n d t he Ro si c ru c i a ns a s a l e a di n g o r O p e n i n g o b e c t t he j y ha d i n
Vi ew . The c o m p a ri s o n o f Na t u r e t o a B ook o r Volu m e of G od s
’

c re a t u r e s, w i t h i t s a lp ha bet of p a r ti cu la rs, i s r e p e a t e d fre q u e n tl y by

B a co n a n d t he Ro s i c ru c i a n s a l so hi n t e d a t i n t he p la y s . T he

a r t i c i pa tio n of M a tter wi th F orm i n t he s e n se o f s e a l a nd i m p ri n t ,

p
si gn a tu ra reru m , is a fa v o u ri t e si m i le of B ’
a con s a n d t he Ro si

c ru c i a n s .
B a con s
’
t he o r y of Fa sc i n a tion a n d Di i n a t i o n v 1 s e n t i re l y
bo rro w e d fr o m t he gre a t Ro si c ru c i a n fo r e ru n n e r a n d a u t ho r ity

Pa ra c e l su s, a n d hi s di sc i pl e , P e t ru s S e v e ri n u s a . B con a t t ri bu t e d

t o t he Se v en Chi e f P la n e t s or St a rs a n o c c u lt a nd e xt ra o r di n a r y
D e r M a k rok osm u s i s t de r sp i e g e l , i n w e l c h e m dc r M i k ro k o sm u s g e sc h a u t
w i rd B e i de s i n d e i n s u n d da sse l b e de m W e se n u n d der i n n e rn o rm n a c h F
F v J
.

o h Va l A n dre a s u n d se i n
i n der a u s se re n orm s i n d s i e e rsc h i e den (p 5 3, . . .

Z e i t a l t e r, Wm Ro ss b a c h ,
”
.
xx I N T R O D U C T I ON

in fl u en c e i n t he di sp e n sa t i o n Of t hi n gs T hi s i s a le a di n g Ro s i .

c ru c i a n t e n e t , a n d i s r e p e a t e d by Flu dd a lm o s t i n i de n t i c a l

w o rds i n c o n te xt w i t h Pa n a s by B a con .

The Ro si c ru c i a ns deduce d ever

ythi n g fro m Li ght, a n d I le a v e

t ho se a c q ua in ted with B a con s

’
w ri t i n g s t o j u dge ho w fa r t hi s

i de a e n t e rs i n t o hi s st yl e a nd
go e rn s t he v No u m O rga n u m “
v .
”

“
A phi lo s o phi ca l o r i de a l Re pu bli c , i m i ta t e d fro m P la t o s At
’

”
la n t i s, w a s a Ro si c ru c i a n dre a m , a n d b e t ra y s on e of t he i r e n ds

to b e t he r e fo rm a t i o n o f so c i e t y . Ca m pa n e lla
’
s
“
Cit y of t he
” “
Su n , a nd J o hn Va le n t i n e A n dre a Chri st i a Re i
’
s no
po li ta n ae

pu bli c ae ,
”
a re e xa m p le s of t he se U t o pia s, a n d B a co n, a s t he

S o lo m o n of t he O r de r, wr i t e s hi s “
Ne w A t la n t is . The p ro o fs

po i n ti n g t o B
a c o n a s t he he a d o f t he S o c i e t a y re fa r m o re
k
a b u n da n t a n d st ri i n g t o t ho s e w ho c ho o s e t o s e e k fo r t he m
v
o r t o r e fle c t o e r w ha t w e a ddu c e t ha n i s su
p po s e d . It i s no

i n ge n i o u s t he o r y c a u g ht fro m so m e fa n cie d pa ra ll e ls or i m a gi n a y
r

r e s e m bla n c e s Ib ri n
g fo rw a rd .

Thi s w o r kh
d a lm o st go n e t hr o u gh t he p ri n t e r s ha n ds, whe n
a
’
I
v
re c e i e d fro m G e rm a n y
a c o ll e c t i o n o f ra r e a n d
ge n u i n e Ro si c ru
c ia n w or k s of t he ea r ly p a rt O f t he se v e n te en th c en tu r y I . a m
t he re fo r e u n de r t he n e c e s si t y of i n t ro du c i n g he r e e vid ence o t he r

w i se i n t e n de d fo r t he b o d y o f t hi s wor k ,
w hi c h Iv e n t u re t o t hi n ki s

i m po rt a n t . It m a y t he r e fo re a s w e ll s ta n d rst a s la st , a lt ho u gh fi
n o t s t ri c t l y b e lo n gi n g t o t he c ha ra c t e r o f a n i n t ro du c t i o n T hi s .

w or k a s a w ho l e i s
p i n st a i n a a k
g a t t e m p t t o fu rn i sh c o m m o n p la c e
ra t he r t ha n s t a rt li n g e i de n c e o f
’
v
a c o n s a u t ho rs hi B
p o f t he p la s y
a n d o f hi s c o n n e c t i o n w i t h t he Ro s i c r u c i a n fra te rn i t Rea de r s y .

w ho do n o t c a re a b o u t t he so m e w ha t w ea i
r som e in v e st i
ga t i o n of

p a ral l e l s m a y b e i n t e r e s t e d i n t he se c o n d pa r t o f m
y w o r , in k
w hi c h I v
ha e c o lle c t e d so m e e v i de n c e a s t o t he a ffi n i t e i st i n
g y x
be t w e e n B a c on s
’
w ri t i n g s a nd t he t e n e t s o f t he Ro si c r u c i a ns .

T hi s i s su c h a dif fi c ul t j
su b e c t, so w ra pp e d i n m y st e r y ,
t he

li t e ra t u r e s o s ca rc e a n d O b s c u re , t ha t t he i n du lge n c e of t he r ea de r
i s b e gge d fo r t he su b e c t , w hi c h i s o n l j y i n i t s i n fa nc y . Spa ce

fo rbi ds m y do i n g ba r e u s t i c e t o t he j j
su b e c t , bu t I a m s ur e
 l i VT R O D l/ C TI O ZV . xxi

t he i m pa rtia l c ri t i c w i ll se e t ha t t he r e i s m o r e i n m
y t he o r y th a n

fa n c ifu l i n ge n u i t y or de si r e t o a ddu c e e c le c t i c i de a s .

B e fo r e m e la y s o p e n a n o ri
g inaco l o f t hep y FA M A F RAT E R “

NITA TI S o de r E n t de c k un
g de r Bru de rsc ha fft de ss l obli c he n O rde n s
de s Ro s e n Cr e u t se s, b e n e b e n de r C O N FE S S I O N o de r B e k e n n t n i ss
de r se lb e n F R AT E RNIT E T , a n a lle G e l e hr t e und H a u p t e r i n Eu r o pa
ge s c hri e b e n
”
(Fra n c kfu rt a m M a n , b e y J o h Bri n g e rn , y .

Up o n p a g e s 5 2 , 5 3 w e r e a d t he a c c o m pa n i n g r e fe r e n c e t o y a sta ge

p la yer, W ho m I m o st t ho r o u ghl y b e li e v e i s m ea nt fo r WI LL I AM
S HA KE S P E A RE, w ho fig u re s a s a sta ge p la
-

yer, i n a li st of t wen t y
si x a c t o r s n a
_
’
m e s, *
a t ta c he d t o t he 1 6 2 3 fi rst e di t i o n
pl a y s . Up o n
t he S t r a t fo rd S ha k e sp e a r e m o n u m en t w e rea d

Iv di c i o Pyl i v m , g e n i o S o c ra t e m , a rt e M a ro n e m ,
T e rra t e gi t , p o p v l v s m aer e t , O lym pv s h a b e t .

Sta y
pa sse n g er, w hy g o e s t t h o v b y s o fa st ?
,

Re a d, i f t h o V c a n st , w h o m e n v i o v s De a t h h a t h pl a st
Wi t h i n t h i s m o n v m e n t , Sh a k spe a re w i t h w h o m e
Q u i ck n a t vr e di de w h o se na m e do t h de c k y s t o m b e

F a c si m i l e fro m t h e F oli o S h a k e sp e a re , 1 62 3 .

T he W o rk e s of W i lli a m S ha ke s p e a re ,

c on ta i n i n g a l l h i s C o m e di e s , H i s t o r i e s , a nd

T ra ge di e s T ru e l y se t fo rt h , a c c or di n g t o t h e i r fi rst
ORI GI NA L L .

T he Na m e s of t h e P ri n c i pa ll A c t o rs
in a l l t he se P la ys .

Wi l li a m Sha k esp ea re . S a m u e l Gi l bu r n e .

R i c ha rd
B u r ba dge . Rober t A rm i n .

J oh n H em m i n gs . l/Vi lli a m Os tl er .

A u gu sti n e Phi llip s . Na tha n F i eld .

l Vi l li a m Kemp t . J ohn Un de r woo d .

T hom a s P oop e . Ni cho la s T oo l eg '

.

G eorge B r ya n . Wi lli a m E ec lesto ne .

H en r y Co n de l l . J osep h T a ylo r .

lVi ll i a m S l y e . Rober t B enfield .

Ri c ha r d Co w lg . R o ber t G on ghe .

J ohn L o w i n e . Ri cha r d R obi n son .

S a m u e l C ro ss e . J ohn S ha n eke .

A l ex a n de r Cooke . J ohn R i ce .
 I NT R O D U C TI O N

Fa r m o re t he n c o s t sie h s i th
( ) a ll y‘ h e h a t h w ri t t
Le a v es v
li i n g a rt b v t pa ge t o se r v e hi s w i t t .

1
Ob t A
i i no D o 1 6 1 6,
JEta t i s 5 3 , di e 2 3 A p .

T hi s m o n u m e n t w a s e r e c t e d w hilst t he w i do w o f Sha k e sp ea r e

wa s a li v e, hi s da u ght e rs a nd hi s so n -
i n la w , Dr Ha ll,
-
a lso a cces

so ri e s t o t he e re c t i o n . He re then i s p roof S ha kesp ea re di ed i n hi s

fifty thi rd yea
-
r . As y
ha s b e e n a lrea d b y o t he rs po i n t e d o u t , w e
do n ot k n ow t he e xa c t da t e of S ha k e sp e a re s
’
bi rt h . All w e

p oss e ss i s t he re c o r d of hi s ba pt i sm u p o n t he 2 6t h da y o f A pri l
1 5 64 . Thi s ha s
gi v en ri s e t o t he t ra di t i o n he di e d o n hi s bi rt h

da y yfi i
a n n v e r sa rThe t e st i m o n o f a m o n u m e n t e r e c t e d by hi s y
sur i i n vv
g v
r e la t i e s m u s t o u t w e i h a u ri cu la r t ra di t i o n s , b a se d o n
g
v
n o e ide n c e w ha t e e r, b e o n d r e e t i t i o n o f a
p v b l u n de r o r y g u e s s,

p e rp e t ra t e d by u n e n u i ri n g m i n ds q
No w t he pa ssa ge a m . I
a bo u t t o q u ote fro m t he “
Fa m a Fra t e rn i t a t i s ”
of 1 61 7 is u po n

pa ge s 52 a nd 5 3, c o rre sp o n di n
g w i t h Sha k e s p e a re s
’
fu ll a
g e a nd

t he a ge he ha d j u st e n t e r e d w he n he di e d, 1 6 1 6

The re fe r e n c e t o t he sta ge p la
-

ge r i s u
po n pa ge 5 3 ca . I n n ot

b e li e v e t hi s c o i n c i de n c e o nl y . T he re fl v
e c t i e r ea de r w ill, I a m

s u re , fi n d t hi s f
r e e re n c e to a sta e
g p
-
la yer or a c tor by the Rosi e m ci a n s,

a s a n i mp osto r hi ghly su sp i ci on s, b e c a u se t he F ra t e rn i t y wa s a

de e pl y r e li i o u s se c t , a
g nd i t i s dif fi cu lt t o i m a gi n e t he i r c o n n e c
t i o n w i t h t he s ta
ge a t a ll . T he q u e s t i o n a l s o p r o p o u n ds i t s e l f

ho w w a s t hi s sta ge p la
-

yer a n i m p o st o r ?
The c o n t ext o f t hi s pa ssa
g e p o i n ts to a BOO K ,
in co n n ec ti o n wi th

a sta gep la ger or a c tor / It i s e vid en t t hi s st a

g p la e -
y er (Hi strio a nd

As t o the t i m e of the e re c t i o n o f t hi s m o n u m e n t Dy c e w ri te s A m on u
m e n t t o hi s m e m ory , sa id t o b e fro m t h e c h is e l o f G e ra rd J o hn so n ,
wa s

su b se qu e n t l y
d a ga i n st t h e n o r th w a ll o f t h e c ha n c e l , a t w ha t t i m e i s
e re c t e

n o t k n o w n , b u t e a rl i e r t h a n 1 62 3, a s i t i s m e n t i o n e d i n t h e e rs e s by L e o n a rd v
x
Digge s , pre fi e d t o t h e fo l i o o f S ha k e s pe a re s dr a m a t i c w o rk s p u bli sh ed i n
'

t ha t y e a r .

l
‘

Wi ll i a m Sha k s pe re w a s b o rn i n A pril 1 5 64 U po n w ha t da y w e ca n n o t
‘
.

be c e rta in bu t u
po n t h e 2 6t h h e w a s b a pt i s e d a n d t he re i s a t ra di t i o n t ha t
t he da y of hi s v
de a t h w a s t h e a n n i e rsa ry o f hi s b i rt hda y A ll o w i n g fo r t he .

di ffe re n c e b e t w e e n o ld s t y l e a n d n e w , 2 3rd A pril c o rre s po n ds w i th our 3rd o f

“
Ma y (Do w de n s Sha k e s pe a re , p
" ’ "
.
 I N T R O D UC T I O N xxi ii
Come di a nt
) is con n oted wi th som e p u bli shed work ! A n d I thi n k i t
i s p la i n ly i mp li ed hi s fra ud i s therefore c on n ec ted wi th wri ti n gs !
I n ow
gi v e Mr Wa i t e s ’
t ra n sla tion :
“
Fo r l
c o n c u si o n o f o u r

C o n fe ssi o n w e m u st e a rn e s t l y dm o n i sh y o u , t ha t y o u c a st a w a ,
a y
if ll, y e t m o st o f t he
n ot a k
w o r t hle ss b o o s o f p se u do c h m i st s, t o y
W ho m i t i s a e st t o a
pp l j y t he M o st H o l y T ri n i ty t v o a in
t hi n gs, or v
t o de c e i e m e n w i t h m o n st r o u s s ym b o l s a n d e n i g m a s,

or t o p ro t by t he fi c u r i o si t y of t he c re du l o u s 3 ou r a
ge do t h pro
du c e m a n y s u c h, o n e o f t he gr e a t e st b e i n g a st a e
g p
—la y e r, a ma n

w ith fi
su f c i e n t i n g e n ui t yf or i m p o si t i o n su c h do t h t he en em y of

hu m a n w e l fa re m i n gl e a m o n g t he g o o d s e e d, t he r e b y to m a k e

t h e t ru t h m o r e dif fi cu l t t o b e b e li e v e d, w hi c h i n he rse lf i s pl e si m

a nd na k e d, W hi l e fa l s e ho o d i s p rou d, ha ght ,
a u y n d c o l o u re d w i t h

a lu st r e o f s e em i n
g g o dl y a n d hu m a n e w i sdo m
(
p 9 6,
.
“
Re a l
Hi st o r y of t he Ro si c ru c i a n s
The rea de r wi ll n ot e t he da t e of t he e di t i o n of t he “ C o n fe s
si o n
”
(fr o m w hi ch I q) i s 1 6 1 7 — the
u ote
yea r followi n g S ha ke
F ra n kfor t on the M a i n e,
’
sp ea r e s dea th, a n d tha t i t wa s
p u bli shed a t
where Robert F lu dd wa s a t the sa m e da te, 1 61 7 p u bli shi n g hi s defen ce

f
o the Rosi cru ci a n F ra tern i ty ( ga i n st the
a a tta cks o f L i ba oi u s) i n hi s
“
Tra c ta tu s Ap ologeti ci (Fra n fo rt , k of w hi c h
p o ss e ss a n I
o ri i n a l c o p
g H e y
re i s i n s t a n t a n e o u s
. a n d i rr e fu t a bl e e v i de n c e ,

c o n n e c ti n
g E n gla n d a nd G e rm a n y w i t h t he se m a n i fe st o e s . Mr
Wa i t e st a tes :
“
T he C o n fe ssi o F ra t e rn i t a t i s
’
a pp e a re d i n t he
y ea r 1 61 5 i n a La tin w or k ,
e n t i t l e d,
‘
S ecreti ori s P hi losop hi ce
Con si dera ti o B reoi s a P hi llip a a Ga bella , p hi losop hi oe con scrip ta et

n u n c p ri m u m a n d c u m Confessi on e F ra tern i ta ti s R C i n la cem edi ta ,

’
. .

Ca sse lli s, exc u deba t

. G . Wesseli u s a 1 6 1 5,
T he sa me y ea r S ha k e sp e a r e di e d, 1 61 6, M i c ha e l M a i e r p u b
li she d a t Fra n kf o rt a w or k e n t it le d
“
Ex a m e n F U C O RU M P S EU D Ol

Th e L a t i n t e t x of t hi s e di t i o n ru n s Un u m i ts p r oec ip u u m A M P H I TH E A
T R A L E M H I S T R I O NE M , h om i n em a d i mp on en d u/ m sa ti s i n gen i osuo n , p a ge
61 .
(B a c o n wa s b o rn i n
I sh ou ld l ik e t o k n o w w h o P hi l lip a a Ga be lla wa s ? In J o hn Bla ck
s e di t i o n o f m o n gs t t h e c h a ra c t ers o f L o rd Ba
’
L ord Ba
’
b o u rn e c on s w o rk s , a c on
 x xi v I N T R O D UC TI O IV .

C HY M IC O RUM DETE CTO RU M , et i n Gra ti a m ve ri ta ti s a m a n ti u m s uc ci ne te

f
re u ta tor u m
”
(Fra n cof . Typ i s Ni c o la i H o ffm a n n i , su m p t i bu s T he o
do ri de Bru A n n o . A t t he c o n c lu si o n o f t he pre fa ce

we re a d, Va le, Da ba m Fra n eofn rti M aen a m , M en se S ep tem bri A n u o

’
So w e fin d he wr o t e t hi s fi v e m o n t hs a ft e r Sha e spe a re s k
de a t h, w hi c h o c c urr e d April 2 3, 1 6 1 6 . T hi s w o r k ,
a s i t s t i t le
de m o n s t ra t e s, i s a n e xa mi n a t i o n a n d e xp o su re of t he di ffe re n t
c la im s of fa ls e a l c hy m i s t s, bri e fly re fu t e d fo r t he b e n e t fi of lo v e rs

of t ru t h . v
E i de n t l y it w a si n spi red by M a i er s visi t to E n gla n d ;
’

fo r i n t he p re fa c e he w ri t e s : Cu m a li gua ndo i n A n gli a p a uc i s

a b hi n e a n n i s n on n i hi l, b i li s i n fu c o s Alc hy m i c o s ,
j
e u sm o di a ut

p o t i P s e u do C hym i c o s, c o ll e ge ri m , n o n po t n i
us -
u i e sc e r e , q q u in

c o ru m de li n e a t i o n u m , c a la m o a rre t o , i n s t i t u e re m , t u m u t a n im o
p
m e o p ro t e m p o r e i n du lg e re m , t u m ut bo ni s o m n i bu s ha nc q u a si

fa c em i n c e n de re m , ne fa c ile i n t e n e bri c o si s i llo ru m p e de m

c ry p t i s

la p i di , a u t v e rt i c e m t ra b i i lli de re n t , ho c e s t , se c i rc u m v e n i r i a b

i lli s hi ru di n i bu s e t b o n i bu s (qu i n on s o lu m sa n gu i n e m , o pu m qu e
’

c ra

su b sta n t i a m e x u e re , s e d e t do l o re s a c e rri m o s a n i m o c o rp o r i qu e
g
i n fli ge re t e n t a nt
) pa t e re n t u r (p a
g e T he de r m a y ga t he r
re a

fro m t hi s t he pu rp o s e o f t he a u t ho r, w ho s e fe e li n g s b e i n g s t i rre d
wi t h w ra t h a t t he m e m o r o f y c e rt a in a lc hy m i c a l dro n e s p s e u do
or

a lc hy m i st s he ha d e n c o u n t e re d i n En gla n d, he de t e rm i n e s t o
u n de r ta k e t he i r de sc ri p t i o n a n d p o r t ra i t u re wi t h hi s p e n , p a rt l y
we com e u po n t h e fo ll o wi n g une xpl a i n a bl e pa n eg yri c u po n Ba c on by on e

B u rr hu s , w h o ca lls Ba con —Phil li p Ba c on

Bu n n m . IM P U JU N I L
ET S VE ES, p 72
. .

La or o m .

P H IL L I P U S B A CO NU S m o rtu u s e st . Es t o , i n qu i es , qu i d h o c a d m e Im o
a d t e qu i squ i s qu is qu i s es . PH I LL IP U S ill e Ba c o n u s c l a ri s o rt i s m a j o ribu s a b
in eu n te ae ta te sa n c t e i n st i t u t u s a d bo n a ru m a rt i u m a pi c e m pro v e c t u s A do l .

e s c e ns m ori bu s ui vi e s vi t r u te prae s ta ns re li gi o n i pa re n s : C u i m u s es i n

pe c t o re , i n v ul t u
gra t i m, i n o re : C ui v e ge t u m c o rpu s ; m e n s i vida ;
su a da v
ae t a s flo ri da
qu i n u m e u , h o m i n es, s e i psu m n o vi t Q u o n e m o u n qu a m sa n c t i u s
” “ ”
a m i c i ti a m e o l u i t , 81 0 ( C ha ra c t ers o f t he L o rd Ba c o n , p 2 01 , v o l i , B la c k
. . . .

b o u rn e s e di t i o n o f Ba c o n s w ork s ,
’ ’

T h e re w e re fo u r F ra n k fo rt e di t i o n s of t he
“
F a m a F ra t e rn i t a t is by 1 6 1 7 ,
(Wa i t e
“
t he Conf ess i o b e i n g b ou n d Re a l H i s t o ry o f
’
up w i t h t h e fo rm e r . s

t h e Ro s i c ru c i a n s, p .
 I N TR O D U C T I O N xx v

to r e li e v e hi s fe e li n gs or m i n d, a nd y
p a rt l i n o r de r t o li ght a
t o r c h fo r o t he rs, l e st i n da r k o b sc ur i t y y
t he m a y sli p o e r t he v
sa me s t u m b li n
g blo c k ,
or bre a k t he i r he a d a ga i n st t he sa m e b e a m ,
t he re fo r e t he y a re to a l l o w t he m s e l v es t o b e fo rt i fi ed fro m t he se
ho rs e l e e c he s a nd w a sp s, w ho n ot on ly su ck up the blood a n d su bsta n ce

o
f others, bu t eve n en dea vour to i nfl i ct the a e u test s u fieri n gs i n the m i n d
a s well a s the body . At fi rst, o n re a di n g t hi s , a s w e ll a s t he ca n

t i o n i n t he Fa m a F ra t e rn i t a t i s, a lre a d yq u o t e d, t he t e rm p seu do
chym i s t se e m e d t o p o ss e s s l i t t l e t ha t w a s p e rt i n e n t o r a ppli c a b l e
to S ha k Bu t gre a t w a s m y a
e sp e a r e . c o m m en c st o n i s hm e n t u o n
p
i n g t hi s t ra c t , t o fi n d M a i e r o p e n i n g w i t h p o e t r , a n d e ide n t l , y v y
byhi s a llu si o n s t o H e li c o n a n d P a rn a s s u s, p o i n t i n g a t t he s o c i e t y
of t he Ro si c ru c i a ns t he m se l v es . P r e se n t l yIf ou n d hi m i den tifyi n g
P oetry u n der the ti tle Chym i s try, i n m o st u n m i s ta k a bl e t e rm s . I
ca n n ot t he r e fo re do b e t t e r t ha gi e t
n h v
e L a t i n t e x t i t s e lf, b
y
w hi c h t he re a de r w i ll b e c o n v i n c e d M a i e r wrote thi s tra ct to ex ose
p
some i mp ostor P OE T , AS A DR ONE (
F u cu s
) vin g up on the work
li f
o

others . T he P r e fa c e c om m en c e s

“
Q uod P o e t ee a n ti q ui de su o H E L IC O NE fi n x e ru n t , q u od ex

di v e rsi s ho m i n u m ge n e ri b u s a d e n de n t i b u s pa u c i s
j
e us a p i c e m t

si m i e o ,
qu o d e st i n a ri n t,
p e rv e n ia nt, m u lt i i n m e di o hee re a n t , de s

p e ra n t e s a d su m m a a sc e n de re . Ma im a x a u t e m pa r s, a d ra di c e s
im a s su b si de n s, ne c o gi t e t q u i de m p e de m a lt i u s e ffe rr e , i d de
C hy m i c a a rt e re v e ra a bs q ue u l la t ra n sl a tion e a ut figu ra i n t e lli gi
de b e t . E st en im HEL I C O N m o n s B oe o t i ee , n on p ro c u l a Pa rn a ss o ,

M a si s sa c e r , i n qu o L AP I S i ll e a Sa t u rn o pr o l o v e de v o ra t u s,
P u t t e st a t u r
j
e e c t u s, R O M O NU M E N T O p p
e r e t u o s e rv a t u s e s t ,

H e si o du s : Ad H u n c L AP I D E M v i de n du m e t p r o su m m o m i ra
c u l o a m l e c t e n du m c o n t e n du n t a d di c t u m m o n t e m m u lt a h o m i
p
num m i lli a : v e ru m vix unu s ex m y ri a de a d i st u m p e rv e n i t ,

c e t e ri s , u t a nte r e la tu m , c irc a m e di a et im a o c c u pa tis . Ca u s a

v e ro t a m di fii c i li s a ds c e n su s i n hu n c m o n t e m e st m u l t i pl e x de qu a
,

a li a s De a r t i fi c i b u s, u i e v c tis
i difii c u l t a t i b u s om n i bu s v e rt i c e m
.
q
su p e ra ru n t , di c t um e st i n S YM B O L I S A U RE i
Z
E M E NS ZE . I lli s,
qu i
c i rc a m e di a la t e ra m o ra n t u r, et Vi a m i g n o ra nt, cu i i n si s t a nt,
x xvi I NT R O D U C T I O N

VI AT O RUM , i n sta r Ar ia dn e s P hi lo so phi c ae , di ca v i m u s , u t po t e P hi lo

so p hi s, e t do c t i s v i ri s, qu i e x t ra se
pt e m i lla s po rta s, se u m on tes

p la n e ta ru m n on e vaCre teri , qu i a d i nfim a loca a bj ec ti , ci rca

g a n t ur :

p la n i ti e m exis ten tes, pa r ti m oti osi lu rco n es, p i gri gu e ven tres, p a rti ra
n e bu lon e s i n ep ti s n n i s, e t de li s sa ta en tes, exc urr u n t i n a li or u m res ( l
g g
“

bona gen i o p ree da tor io, a u t certe i n gen i o p rodi tori o , a d hu n c tra c ta tu m
reser va ti sun t P ri m i s , Glo ri a e t ho n o s p ro a rt i s do c u m e n t i s, v e l u t i
.

di da c t ro n de bi t u m , c e s si t . S cou n di s, I n s t ru m e n t u m v e l fi lu m n on

in c on cin n u m a d a r ti s p e n e t ra li a Vi a m m o n st ra ns a n o bi s a dm i n i s
t ra t u m e st , ut q u a si a c a r c e ri b u s a d ca lc em , a b i n i tio a d fin e m ,
fe li c i t e r p e rv e n i a n t Ulti mi s, u t p o t e fu c i s a dm o n i t i o e t ca s t iga t i o i n
.

E X AM INE prae sc ri bi t u r F u cos a u t e m e o s o m n e s v o ca t o s e li m , n o n

. v
qui i n a rt e si m p li c i t e r e rra n t e t de c e p t i s u n t a b a lii s, s e d qu i a l i o s
a n i m o de c i i e n di i n v a du n t , t e n t a n t , i rr e t i u n t , e t fa lla c i i s c a t n t,
p p a

su a c u m u t i li t a te et i llo ru m da m n o . Q u od
g e n u s ho m i n u m c u m
ta m Re i pu bli c a a , q ua m C hy m i c a e si t v a lde n o xi u m , i n p ri m i s a g n o s
e en du m et praeca v e n du m e ri t
(p 1 0,
. E x a m e n Fu c o ru m P s e u do
”
c hy m i c o ru m ,

T he r ea de r w i ll n ow be sur pri s e d t o fin d M a i e r c la ssi n g Po e tr y

a nd P o e ts u n de r t he hea d of Ch m i st r y y a nd y
Ch m i st s ( po n
u
’
p a ge w i t h t he m a rgi n a l n ot e Chym i co n ecessa ri a P oeti c a
Ab s q ue om n i du b i o , qu i v e li t et s
p e re t ex do c t ri n a p ro p ri a
i n da ga re ha n c a rt e m e t n o n t u m u lt u a r i a qu a da m m a t e ri a ru m e x
e r i m e n ta t i o n e , i ll e O u s ha b e b i t a rti bu s di een di e t ti n gui s , gua ru m
p p
a m bi ta a rs Chymi ca comp rehen ditu r : a c i np ri m i s P o e tica , ga te de
n u llo a li o j
su b e c to, gu a m de Chymi ci s a llegorii s e t figmen ti s p ri m i t us

i n trodu c ta est, gue ma dmodu rn i n n o stri s H i eroglyp hi ci s p e r o m n e s li bro s

et fa bu la s de m o n st ra v i m u s . Na m qu i c o rt i c e m re ru m i n c l u sa ru m

n e t ra t , i s m i n im e d ha e v e n i e t , s e d se m e r hee re b i t i n
n on p e a s p r p
su p e rfi c i e e t li t e ra li i n t e rpre ta t i o n e , q u ae e t ia m si sa tis n o ta e s se t ,

ta m e n n on p r o de s se t , n i si e t fi gu ra s et a lle go ri a s, s e u m e ta p ho ra s

di c e n di , q u i bu s see p i s si m e u tu n t u r a u t ho re s, om n es
p e rsp e c ta s
”
ha b ea t . T he re a de r w i ll se e t ha t M a i e r i n cludes P oetry u nder the
“
ti tle of A lchym is try, a n d r e ersf to his Hi eroglyp hi c is ( A rea na A rca n is
Hi eroglyp hi ea E gyp tzo Gra i n w hi c h he
'

s i ma hoe est - ’
ea e xpo u n ds
 I N TR O D U C T I O N xxv n

t he a lle go ri e s c o n cea le d b e hi n d t he g o ds o f Eg pt a n d G r e e c e i n y
a
p ro fo u n d m a n n e r, c lo s e l y
r e se m b l i n
g L o rd
’
a c on s
“
W i sdo m o f B
t he A n c i e n t s
”
(Thi s b o o
. k ,
of w hi c h I p o ss e ss a co
py ,
is v yer

c u ri o u s a n d ra re . It t re a t s of O s i ri s , I si s , Ap i s , & c .
,
a nd t he w ho l e

G re e kP a n t he o n , m o st a b st ru s e l y) .

In S e pt e m be r 1 6 1 6, a ga i n , — t ha t i s, fiv e m o n t hs a ft e r Sha e k
sp e a r e s de a t h , —I fi n d M i c ha e l M a i e r pu b li she d a l so a hu m o r o u s
’

dia l o gu e e n t i t l e d L U S U S S E RIUS , qu o H e rm e s si e M e rc u ri u s
“
v
REX , M u n da n o ru m o m n i u m su b ho m i n e e x i st e n t i u m , p o st l o n ga m
di sc e pt a t i o n e m i n c o n c ili o O c t o v i ra li ha bi ta m , ho m i n e ra t i o n a li
a rb i t ro , J u di c a t u s et c o n st i t u t u s e st ( pp
O e n he i m , S u m p t i bu s

L ii c ae I en n i s . B i bli op ,
It i s de di c a t e d t o

Dn F ra n c i sc o A n t o n i o , L o n di n A n glo , S e n i o ri
. . .

Dn J a c o b o M o sa n o , Illu s t ri s M a u ri t ii Ha ssi ae La n dgra v i i ,

.

A rc hi a t ro di g n i o ri .

Dn . Chri st i a n o Ru m phi o El e c t ro la i P a la t i n o a d Rhe n u m

Med . o rdi n a ri o c i rc u m s e c t o
p .

T he De di c a t o r y Epi st l e t o t he s e t hr e e p e rso n s i s a s fo llo w s

Vi ri , Vi rt u t e , D o c t ri n a v e r a q; a n im i No bi li t a t e lo n gc
c o n sp i c u i , cu m u su re c e p t u m si t i n t er v e re a m i c e s, ut a lt e r
a l t e ri do n a ri a , e t ia m q d p re c i u m e i gu a ,
u oa x u ti su n t p o m a ,

n u c e s, a li a v e e s c u le n t a o t u le n t a s e u u t e n si li a , n on t am
pr o p t e r
, p
se , su a m v e di gn i t a t e m , q u am g ra ti a n i m i , n u ll o l o c i v e l t e m p o ri s
s a cio i n t e rru p t i , si n i fic a t i o n e m , m i tta t et a b i n vi c e m re c i pi a t,
p g
hi n c n on du b i t a i , v v obi s n o n n i hi l ex v e rn i s m e i s, et q u a si

u m i n A n li a a li qua n do i n hu j u sm o di
ra pt i m ex i n g e n i i l u su (d g
m e n t em p o st se ri a C hym i ca i n c ide re m ) n a t u m e t p ro du c t u m ,
n on q u i de m i n st a r M i n e r v ee (Phi di as ) ex v
J o i s C e r eb ro pro sili e n t i s,
se d potin s He be s ( u a m q J u v e n t u t e m L a t i n i a pp e lla n t , u a si q
e x J u n o n i s c i t ta , pi c a
j u c u n di ta t i p rae fe c t a m e t J o v i a p o c a li s
)
se u m a la c i a , ho e e st , e su la c t u c ae a gr e st i s, c u m a b Ap o lli n e

c on vi vi o a cc e
p ta e ss e t , a bs q ue u llo cu m ma re c o n c u bi t u , m on s

t ro s e e di t ae , m i t t e re et o ffe r r e ; q u o d s c ri p t i o n i s g e n u s, s i s e ri i s

i n du lge n s s t u di i s , ut l u dibu n du m , Si a n im i re c re a tio n i , ut n on

xxvi ii I N T R O D U C TI O N

m in u s s e ri u m ,
p ro Ve st ro i n m e a m o re , m q u e i n v o s c a n do rc
m u t u o , re c i p i a t i s, e t ia m a t u e e t i a m ro go q
Ne c e ro v e li m , u t . v
ta m do n i p re c i u m , u od q
u i a c ha rta e e u m , q
ile e st n i m i s, u am v q
do n a n t i s a n im u m
, qu i v o bi s n u n q ua m non a ddi c t u s , re s
pi c i a t i s
v e lu t i b m ica ae s t i m e t i s
et un ces a ut
po m a ,
a a ma nu pro fe c t a ,
.

I n t e ri m
qu o m o do c u n qu e si t , me v o bis Re ge m et p re c i o s i s s i m a

fe re m u n di o m n ia de di c a ss e e t o b t u l i sse , si non q u oa d fo r m a m ,
ta m e n m a t e ri a m , a
g n o sc e t i s , me q ue i n t e r Ve s t ri a ma n t i ss i m o s ,

ut ha c t e n u s (q uod e
go v i c i ssi m
) n u m e ra bi t i s . Va le t e , da b a m
Fra f
n c o u rt i a d M oe n u m , ip so e x A n gli a redi ta ,
P ra ga m a bi t u r i e n s
”
An n o 1 6 1 6, M e n s e , S e pt e m bri .

T hi s e p i s t le de m o n st ra t e s t he fa c t M a i e r ha d w ri t t e n or

c o n c ei v ed t hi s t ra ct w hil st i n En gla nd . T he w o r k i s di s p o se d
i n t he fo rm of a di a l o gu e , d m i ght b e c a lle d a
a n s e ri o c o m i c
-

p la y The C o w , t he
. She e p , t he G o o se , t he B e e , t he S i l w o rm , k
y
t he O s t e r, t o g e t he r y
w i t h M e r c u r , a s r e p re s e n t a t i e s o f t he v
a n i m a l, v
e g e ta b le , a n d m i n e ra l ki gnd o m s, a pp e a r b e fo re a n

a j
pp o i n t e d u dg e , a n d re sp e c t i e l v y la y c la i m t o b e s e l e c t e d i n g s k
o f t he w o rld Ea c h r e c o u n t s t he b e n e t s
. fi c o n fe rr e d by i t s
s
p e c i e s u po n ma n . The c ow su ppli e s m il k th,
e go o s e p e n s ,
t he be e wa x a nd ho n e y ,
t he si l kw o rm s i lk t h ,
e fl a x c lo t h ,

a n d so on ; a ll t hi s b e i n g a r
g u ed a t l e n gt h d i n de ta il by
a n

e a c h, v y er l
p a u si bl y i n hi s ow n fa v our . Tha t t he r e i s s o m e
u n de rm ea n i n
g i m p l i e d i n t hi s fa bl e c a n n o t b e u e st i o n e d B ut q .

w ha t , i n de e d, i s i m p o r ta n t a n d m o st s t ri i n g i s, w he n t he k
si l kw o rm c om es to re c o u n t t he se r vi c es it re n de rs hu m a n it y ,

t he s
st o r
y of t he Wa ki n g M a n s ’
Drea m ( w hi c h is re
p e a t e d in
t he I n du c t i o n of t he
“
Ta m i n g of t he S hre w
”
b y t he su p

po s e d S ha k e sp e a re , i n t he hu m o r o u s c ha ra c t e r of Chri st o p he r
S ly ) , i s r e pe a te d v e rb a tim It i s gi e n by M a i e r e xa c t l a s
. v y
Ha z li t gi v es t he st o r y o f P hi lli p , Du e o f u rg u n d , i n hi s k B y
Sha k e sp ea r e L i bra r y .

T he S i l w o rm k (B om byx) bo a s t s of t he spl e n do u r of t he si lk s

it sp i n s , a n d ho w i n de b t e d m a n i s t o hi s w o r k s, a n d ( p o n pa ge
u

3 5 ) t hu s a ddr e ss e s t he j u dg e b e fo re w ho m i t i s s ea
p i ng k
 I N TR O D UC TI ON xxix
T u i p se O p t i m e n o v i st i , v e l do c t i s si m u m i n li t e ri s e t s c i e n t n s
a b so l u t i ssi m u m v i ru m i n n u llo v e l s a l t e m e i u o ha b e ri
g p re c i o , x
s i n o n b e n e v e st i t u s fu e ri t n e c u t ta l e m de ee ba t s e
, , p r aebu e r i t ;
A c qu e m c u n qu e v i s s e m iho m i n e m , si m e n t em sp e c t e s, se ri c o

i n du t u m m a gn i fi c e, li t e ra t i ssi m o i lli a nte fe rri . Ta n tu m t e la

n o s t ri o e r i s
p p r aesta r e
p o t e st , de qu o si du bi t e s, v el v e ra hi st o ri a
rem t i bi ob o c u lo s po n a m P hi lli p u s
. on u s B B gu n di es Du x
ur

a li qu a n do n o c tu in v en it
qu e n da m e x i n fi m a l
p e b e c e rdo n e m
G ra n da vi i n fo ro so m n o Vi n équ e s e p u lt u m , q u em a m i n i st ri s
su i s a t t o lli et g e s t a ri se c u m in a u la m Du c a le m , u bi ho m i n e m
v e s t ib u s su i s v ili ssi m s i et i m m u n di s e x ui , et i n du t u m i n du si o
li n e o i n Du c a l e m le c t u m re p o n i
j u ssi t ,
do n e c Vi ll u m , q u od

bib e ra t , e do m i re t dfu e ru n t i p si pu e ri No bile s e l e a n t i

Ma n e a
g
.

fa c i e e t v e st i t u , qu i e x pe c t a r e n t , du m ho m o e v i gi la r e t , u em q
i n t e rro ga ru n t , u t i p su m Du c e m s o li t i e r ra n t , ge st i bu s e t di c t i s
a d b la n di t i a s et r e v e re n t i a m c o m p o si t i s, quo m o do v e ll e t v e st i ri ,

e t si m u l di v e rsa ge n e ra v e st i u m i p si , u t i n de de le c t u m ha b e re t ,
p ro p o su e ru n t . H o m o m u l t i s m o di s de st a t u su o a b i n i t i o du b i t
a v i t , u t e t de l o c o , se c u m qu e di u di sp u ta v i t , a n e ss e t i ll e , qu i ha b e re
t u r, a n v e ro a li u s i ll e , qu i fu e ra t Cu m v e rb a n i m a dv e rt i ss e t e t
.

n o b il e vi ro s a de ss e , qu i si bi a d n u tu m a dst a re n t et qu ee r e r e n t
An n on v e ll e t su r g e r e et a d c o n su e t a o ffi c i a r e di r e , fa ci le si s

p ersua deri p a ssu s, sese esse B a cem , g ui ha beretu r . I n du ta s i ta gu e

vesti bu s du ca li bus, c u m ha e si bi c on ven i en tes sen ti re t, n on a li te r p u ta vi t,

gu a m sese esse tot fa mu loru m D om i n u m et

(n eci o , gu o fa te, fa ctu m )
totia s regi on i s p ote n ti ssi m u m P ri n cip em . Du c ita r m a gn o eo m i ta tu

a d vi ri da ri a a u l ae pro i m ax ,
hi n c a d Vi v a ri a
p i sc i u m , de i n de a d
j e n t a c u lu m ; a q u o t e m p u s t e ri t u r a m b u la n do a d a li a di e r sa v
loca ,
c o n fa bu la n do de r e bu s v a rii s , i n q ui bu s o m n ib u s, ho m o ,
q u oa d c o r pu s et ha bi t u m , se p r ae bu i t
(qu i n on e ra t ) Du c e m ,

q u oa d m e n t em et c ae t e r a om n ia ( qu i e ra t) c e r do n e m . Po st a d

p ra n di u m a ddu c i t u r, i n qu o i p si pu l c he rri m ae foem i n ee a dj u n gu n t u r

e t o p t i m a t e s a u l ae qu i c u n qu e H i n c a d v e n a t i o n e m fe ra ru m
.

q
c u m e u i s e t c a n i bu s, m u l t i s qu e a u li c i s c o n t e n di t , u n de a d c oe n a m ,

in q ua cum o p i pa ri s et v a ri i g e n e ri s fe r c u li s t ra c t a re t u r, a c
xxx I N T R O D U C TI O N

i n t e ri m in sa n i t a t em i ps i u s a b o m n i bu s o pt i m i vi n i p o c u la
p ro pi n a re n t u r, fa c ili m e, c ur i d ge n u s i n i i m pe n s e a m a r e t , v
i t e ru m i n e bri a t u s e st , u t pri u s, a c i n p ro fu n di ssi m u m so m n u m
c o n j e c t us T u m i p se Du x P hi lli pu s (qu i ha c t e n u s i n t e r a u l i c o s
.

fi c titio i n se rvi v e ra t hu n c ho m i n e m , qu i hu e us q ue P ri n c i pi s

p e rso na m su st i n u e ra t , i t e ru m p i
ri s t n o su o lo c o i n m e di u m fo ri ,
u n de de su m p t u s fu e ra t , su i s ro r ii v e st i bu s i n du t u m , re
p o r ta r i
p p s

m u n da vit u bi cum n o c t em
p e re gi s se t , a c ma n e se eo i n lo c o
a ni m a dv e rt i sse t , di u du bi ta v i t de s ta t u su o ; a n e sse t il le , qu i
nunc v i de re t u r , a n, v e rb du x i lle , qu i v i su s e ra t . Ve ru m cu m

li t e r si b i p e rsu a de re n on o ss e t , n t i bu s o m n i bu s s i gn i s ,
a
p p rae s e

i mpri m i s v e st i bu s la c e r i s e t v e t u s t i s, q u ae c e rdo n e m i llu m v il i o re m

de c la ra re n t , et b se n t i hu s, qu m du c e m , t a n de m do m u m r e di e n s,
a

u x o ri su ae v e lu t i so m n i u m , u o d ea q
n o c t e v i de ra t , u o m o do i n q
du c i s a u la fu i sse t e t qu a ra t i o n e t ra c ta t u s , a m bu l a t i o n i et vena t io n i ,

i
r e li qu s qu e r e bu s o m n i b u s o p e ra m de de ri t, n a rra v i t . Ex q u i bu s

a
ppa re t , v e st e s e x n o st r i s t e li s c o n fe c ta s ma xi m a m vim ha b e re a d

pe rsu a de n du m ho m i n i bu s i lli s , qu i ea s
g e sta n t , e t ali i s, qu i e a s

g e s t a ri c e rn u n t , qu a li s e t qu a n t u s q iqu s ue si t . Na m ple ri qu e ,
qu i v i de n t s e b o m by c i n i s e x u vi i s i n du t e s, e t ia m si si n t ex i n fim a
so r t e ho m i n e s et n u l lo n o b ili t a tis a ut do c t ri n ae c o l o re i m bu t i,
m ox si b i p e rsu a de n t , q u o d si n t ta l e s, qu a l e s ha b e n t ur (u t i lle
c e rdo ) c u m v i dea n t a b o m n i bu s s ib i a d n u t u m di c i , a ppla u di e t
fa v e ri . Si c et a qu e n da m s e r i c e i s fili s c i rc u m s e p
li i , qu i c e rn u n t

v
t u m , n o n i ll u m pr o e rm e b o m b y c i n o ha be n t , a t p ro a v e , c u u s j
n idu m m o lli o re s t e x t u rae o rn e n t , i m o pr o e o , c u i , u t fo r t i o ri a s

sur ge n du m , u t fo rm o so a bbla n di e n du m ,
u t e ru di t o in se rm o n ib u s

c o n c e de n du m , u t s e n i o ri »
lo c u s c o m m o di o r r e li n qu e n du s si t . Ta n

ta m vi m i n e sse n o s t ri s t e li s a nima dv e r t i s, ut m a gi s, q ua m M a gn e s
fe rr u m , i llae tt ra ha nt ho m i n u m o c u lo s a d se se , s i bi qu e eos ro
a p
pi t i o s r e ddun t . I n de v e r si c u li

Hu n c h o m i n e s de c o ra n t , qu e m e s t i m e n t a de c o ra v nt

v v
In i li e st e n e m o t ra c ta t u r h o n e s t e
v e s t i b u s e ss e
Vi r b en e v es t i t u s
pro pe ri t u s
C re di t u r a m i ll e , qu a m v i s di o t a I s i t i l le

v
S i c a rea s e st e , n e e s i s v e st i t u s h o n es t e,
”
N ulli u s e s la n dis , qu a m v i s sc i s o m u e , qu od a u dis .
 I N TR O D U C T I O N xxxi
I n eed ha rdl yt ra n sla t e t hi s e x t ra c t a
pa ra t l e n gt h . B i fly r e

p hr a se d t he S i lk w o rm de c la re s dre ss t o b e e e r t hi n , t ho u h
g g v y
onl y
pp e a ra n c e
a .
*
T o i llu st ra t e t hi s he re la t e s ho w P hilli p , t he
G o o d Du e o f u rg u n d k B y ,
di sc o v e re d o n e n i ght a c e rt a i n t a n n er

( co bbl e r o r a r t i sa n ) a sl e e p de a d dru n k on t he m a r k p l a c e , w ho m
et -

he ca u se d t o b e li ft e d up a n d c a rri e d t o hi s D u c a l Pa la c e , hi s
ra k
gs ta e n o ff, a n d c l o t he d i n a li n e n shi rt , t he n pu t i n t he Du e s k ’

be d A n u m b e r o f n o bl e o u t hs o r pa ge s o f e l e ga n t a pp ea ra n c e
. y
a n d dre ss w e r e
p re s e n t , w ho , u p o n hi s a w a i n g, a s e d hi m k k
w i t h t he sa me fl a t t er y a n d re v e re n c e of w o r ds t he yw e re a c cu s

te m ed to u se t o t he D u k e, ho w he w o u ld dre ss, a nd a t t he sa me
tim e p r o ffe r e d hi m diffe re n t su i t s o f c l o t he s t o dr e ss hi m se lf i n .

The m a n w a s a t fi rs t do u b t fu l a s t o hi s o wn c o n di t i o n or w he re

he w a s, a n d fo r l o n g t i m e di spu t e d w i t h hi m se lf w he t he r he
a

wa s t he p e r s o n he w a s c o n si de r e d t o b e , o r t ru l hi m se l f Bu t y .

i n de e d w he n he p e r c e i e d t ha t t he re w e re v rea ll y n o bl e m e n

p re se n t , w ho w a i t e d u p o n hi s p l e a su r e a n d i n q u i re d w he t he r he

w o u ld n ot
ge t up a nd b e ta k e hi m s e l f t o hi s du t i e s, b e e a si l y
allo w e d hi m s e lf t o b e p e r su a de d t ha t h e w a s t he re a l du e , a s he k
w a s he l d Clo t he d i n t he du c a l ga rm e n t s, w hi c h he fe lt w e re
.

a
g re e a bl e a nd b e se e m i n g hi m he ,
so o n b e li e v e d, s i n c e he w a s t he

l o rd o f so ma n y do m e st i c s, he m u st b e a p ri n c e o f p o w e r a nd

i m p o rt a n c e The n he i s le d b y a gr e a t c ro w d o f c o u r t i e rs t o t he
.

du c a l g a r de n , n e x t t o t he fi sh p o n ds, a n d t he n c e t o brea fa st , k
a ft e r w hi c h t h e t i m e i s s e n t i n s t r o l li n
p g a b o u t t o o t he r a ri o u s v
s
p o t s,
c o n v e rsi n g u p o n v a ri o u s t hi n gs, i n a ll of w hi c h t he m a n

a
pp e a re d t o be, a s fa r a s c o n c e rn e d hi s dr e ss, t he D u k e hi m s el f
bu t i n m i n d a nd a ll o t he r t hi n g s
( ch
w hi he w a s n ot
) ,
a ta n n er

hi c h i n de e d he w a La t e r he i s l e d t o di n n e r, t w hi c h
(w s ) . on a

t he m o st be a u t ifu l la di e s a nd t he hi ghe st i n ra n k w e r e p re se n t .

A ft e r t ha t h e go e s o u t t o hu n t w i t h ho rse s a n d do gs, t he n t o a
q
b a n u e t , a t w hi c h da i n t i e s a n d di she s o f a ri o u s so r t s a r e se r e d v v
de r w i ll i n t h e m ora l of t h i s pa ssa g e t h e Cl o t h es Phi l o
Th e re a re c o
gn i s e
so
p h y so a b u n da n tly sa t i ri se d i n t h e pl a ys Th e w orl d i s st ill de c e i e d by v
o rn a m en t .
xxx ii I N TR O D U C TI O N

to hi m , a n d m ea n w hi le
i s p ri m e d e a si l w i t h w i n e , drun in y k
hi s ho n o u r, t he r e su l t b e i n g t ha t he a ga i n g e t s i n t o xi c a t e d a s
b e fo re a n d fa lls i n t o t he p ro fo u n de s t s lu m b e r
, The n D u e . k
Philli p (w ho hi t he r t o ha d w a i t e d, di sgu i se d w i t h t he c o u r t i e rs ,

u p o n t hi s m a n , w ho u p t o t he m o m e n t ha d p la e d t he y c ha ra c t e r

of t he p ri n c e
) o rde r e d hi m t o b e c a rr i e d t o t he sa me s
p o t i n t he
ma rk et -

p la ce w he r e he ha d be e n fi rs t fo u n d, a nd hi s own c l o t he s

re s t o re d t o hi m . Wh e n
he ha d pa ss e d t he n i ght , e a rl i n t he y
v
m o rn i n g p e rc e i i n g w he re he w a s, fo r a l o n g t i m e he w a s i n
do u b t a s t o hi s o w n ide n t i t , w he t he r i n de e d he w a s w ha t he y
se e m e d, o r t he D u k he ha d a pp e a re d t o b e
e Bu t p e rsu a de d by .

o u t w a rd s i gn s , a nd b hi s t o rn a n d o ld c lo t he s, w hi c h de c la re d
y
hi m t o b e a
p e a sa n t ,
he a t le n gt h re t u rn e d ho m e a n d r e la ted to

hi s w i fe w ha t he ha d se e n t ha t ni
g ht —ho w he ha d b e e n t o t he
du c a l p a l a c e , ho w t re a t e d t he re , t he w a l i n g a n d hu n t i n g , a n d t he k
re s t , a s i f i t ha d b e e n a drea m F ro m w hi c h i t i s m a n i fe st t he
.

ga rm e n t s spu n fro m our w e b s p o ss e s s a n e xt ra o r di n a r yf o rc e in

p e rsu a di n g t ho se w ho w ea r t he m , a nd t ho s e w ho p e rc e i v e us

w e a ri n g t he m , w ho a nd w ha t ea ch o n e is . Fo r v y er ma n y wh o

se e t he m se l v e s c lo t h e d i n t he s ki n s of t he si l kw o rm , e v en t ho u gh

t he yb e of lo w e x t ra c t i o n , a n d p o sse s si n
g n o c o lo u r o f n o b i li t y or

le a rn i n g, p re se n tl yp e rsu a de t he m se l v es t ha t t he y a re t ho s e t he y
a re he ld t o b e (li k t hi
e s ta n n er
) ,
si n c e t he y b e ho ld t he m se l v es

fl a t t ere d ppla u de d by a ll
a nd a .

v
The re a de r w i ll p e r c e i e t hi s i s t he s t o r o f C hri st o p he r S ly y
w hi c h Ha z l i t t lo n g a go p o i n t e d ou t w a s re p ea t e d by t hi s t a l e o f t he

Du k e of B ur
g un d y ,
e n t i t le d t he
“
Wa ki n g Ma n s ’
Drea m .
”
Co n
iv “ ”
si de r M a i e r c o n c e es t hi s Lusus S eri us i n En gla n d, a n d p u bli she s
it a fe w m o n t hs a ft e r Sha k e sp e a r e s de a t h, de di ca t i n g t he p i e c e t o
’

a n E n gli s hm a n w ho m I s usp ect wa s B a con hi m self I t o wa s Dr

Fra n ci sco A n ton i o 7 Here a re the two Chris ti a n n a m es o f L ord F ra nc i s

Ba co n a nd his brother A n thon y B a con . W hy i s he a L o rd

(se i
g n i o ri
)
‘
Z Thi s s t o r y re la t e d by Ma i e r is u po n p a
ge s 3 5 , 36 of

t he t ra c t , c o rre sp o n di n g w i t h t he t w o pla y n um be rs , 35 , 36 (ca ta

lo gu e a nd fu ll n u m be r ) of t he 1 6 2 3 Fo li o ! T he e v i de n c e ta k en
 I N T R O D UC TI ON x xi i i
x

a l t o g e t he r i s c o n side ra bl e . T he o t he r pi e c e u
po n fa l s e C h m i st s y
i s w ri t t e n a t t he sa m e tim e e xa c tl y ,
a s t he pr e fa ce i n fo rm s us

S ep t e m b e r 1 6 1 6 T he Fa m a Fra t e rn i ta t i s s re wri t t e n
.
wa (t he
on e fro m ) , 1 61 7 p u bl i she d a t Fra n fo rt , where M a i er a n d
we cite k
Robert F lu dd were a lso both p u bli shi n g T he p re fa c e s t o b o t h t he .

“
L u su s S e ri u s
”
a nd
“
E x a m e n Fu c o ru m
”
c o n c l u de , B a ba m F ra n co

fu rti a d m een u m . A n n o 1 61 6, M en se S ep tembri .

”
T he Fa m a I
c ite fro m i s a lso p u b li s he d a t F ra n fo rt , 1 6 1 7 a k n d in t he pr e fa ce it
st a t e s i t ha s be e n re w r i t t e n a n d i m p ro v e d . In m y w o r , a c on , k B “

S ha k es
p e a re , a n d t he Ro si c ru c i a n s, I p o i n t e d o u t ho w w o n de r
fu lly a da pt e d t he st o r o f Sly, i n t he y Ta m i n g of t he S hre w ,
”

wa sto r e p re s e n t a ma n of lo w e x t ra c t i o n li k e Sha k e sp e a re s e t u
p
by a n oble m a n li k B e a c on i n hi s o wn pla ce wi t h re
g a rd t o pl a y s

or p l a y e rs . Sly , i n “
T he T a m i n g of t he S hr e w ,
”
re m a i n s u n

re store d t o hi s fo rm e r c o n di ti o n , a n d t he j ko e i s t h e r e fo re l e ft un

con clu ded, a s if to su

gge st i t i s st i ll i n a c t o f p e rp e t ra t i o n re sp e c t

i n g S ha k e sp e a r e s
’
fa l se p o si t i o n w i t h r e ga rd t o t he pl a s y .

T ha t t he Ro si c ru c i a n s w e re c lo s e l y c on n e c t e d w i t h P o e tr y ca n

v
be p r o e d fr o m t he i r w ri t i n gs T w o o f t he w o r s o f J o hn Va l e n . k
t i n e A n dre a s, t he Ro si c r u c i a n P ro t a go n i st (w hi c h p o sse ss) , c o n I
t a i n u p o n t he t i t l e p a g e -

H e li c o n e J u x t a P a rn a ssu m .

The s e w o r k s a re M e n i p pu s si v e Di a l o g o r u m Sa t yri c o ru m
”
C e n t u ri a ,
1 61 7 a n d Tu rb o , si v e M o le st e Fru st ra p e r c u n e t a
et

Di v a ga ns I n
ge n i u m ,
1 61 6 U p o n p a ge
. 1 5 8 o f M i c ha e l M a i e r s
’

T he m i s “
L a w s o f t he Ro si c ru c i a n Fra t e rn i t y ,
”

Ifi n d t hi s A u g ur n o n su m , n e q vue a t e s, l i c e t la u ru m a li qu a n do
m o m o rde ri m et i n Pa r n a s si u m b ra p a u ca s ho r u l a s do rm i e ri m ,
ni hi lo m i n u s , n i si fa llo r, e o r u m c ha ra c t e r u m R C . . e x p o si t i o n e m in

gm a t i b u s, l i b 6, S ym b o l o ru m a u re e , m e n se sa t i s
ae n i e v l vi
o : R . n,

P e ga su m , e t 0 J u li u m , si a d m e n t e m n o n s o n u m
. v e rbi re s
p i c i a

tu r : S i t t i bi c la vi s, A RCA NO RU M C O G NIT I O : En da b o Arc a num

d wm m l
. . z ii . w . fg qqhka x S i p o t e s a p e ri : Ne e plu ri bu s, n e c
. .

c la ri o r i b u s o pu s e st A n n o n hi c e st u n gu i c u lu s Ro s e i illi u s
.

L e o n i s gu t t a P e ga H i pp o c re n e s l (Co pi e d fro m en u in e a n d
‘
a
s e ae g
 I N T R O D U C TI O N

y
gi n a l c o p p ri n t e d a t F ra n fo r t , Typ i s
o ri k Ni c o la i H o flm a
'

n ni,

1 61 8 M r Wa i t e t ra n sla t e s t hi s t hu s
I a m no a u
gu r n or ro
p p he t ,
n o t w i t h s ta n di n
g t ha t o n c e Ip a r

t oo k of t he la u re l, a n d re po s e d a fe w bri e f ho u rs i n t he s ha do w of

Pa rn a ssus ne v e r t he l e ss , if I e rr n o t , Ihv a e u n fo lde d t he si

gnifi

ca n c e o f t he c ha ra c t e r s R C i n t he
. . en i
gm a s of t he si xth bo o k of

t he y
S m b o ls of t he G o lde n T a ble . R si g n i fi es P ega sus , a n d C, i f
t he se n se n o t t he sou n d be c o n s ide re d, li li u m . L e t t he KN O W
L E DG E o r T H E A R CA NA b e t he k e y t o t he e L o , gi e t he e t he . I v
Arca n u m ! d wm m l z i i w sgqqhka
. Op e n i f t ho u ca n s t
. . . . x . .

Is n o t t hi s t he ho o f o f the Re d L i o n o r t he dro p s o f t he H i pp o

c re n e fo u n ta i n ?
’
B t h t hi
en ea s ba rba ro u s j a r
g on we di sc e rn ,
ho w e v e r, a n a n a lo gy w i t h t h R e o se s ym b o li sm . C la ssi ca l t ra di
t i o n i n fo rm s us t ha t t he Re d Ro se s p ra n
g fro m t he blo o d o f
A do n i s, bu t P e ga su s w a s a wi n ge d ho rs e w hi c h spra n g fro m t he

blo o d o f M e du sa , a n d t he fo u n t a i n o f Hi p po c re n e w a p ro du c e d
s

k
by a st ro e o f t he ho o f of P e ga su s
”
(Wa i t e s
’ “
Re a l H i st o r o f y
t h e Ro s i c r u c i a n s

No w c o m pa r e w ha t t he sa me w ri t e r, M i c ha e l M a i e r (w ho
v i si t e d En gla n d i n 1 61 6, a nd wa s fri e n ds w i t h Ro b e rt Flu dd) ,
“ ” “ ”
w ri t e s i n hi s A rca na Ar c a n i s si m a
( S e c re t of S e c re t s , fro m
w hi c h I c op y) ,
u n de r t he m a rgi n a l n ote, F ons He li co n is u ncle
”
s

Ej usdern P ega si u n gu lci fons Hipp ocren e i n bi cip i ti P a rn a sso er ei ta tus

tra di tu r, ex guo M u ses, Ap ollo, p oetce e t omn es li tera ti bi ba n i e t e rudi ti ores
du n t Sic e rud i ti o p oe ta ra m fo n te P a rn a ssi , hi e ex u n gu la P ega si ,
’ ’

eva ex

Pega sus ex cru ore M edu sa ,

Medusa ea; mo nstro m a ri na p r ogen i ta , a
P erseo trucida ta ,
P erseus J ove, J up i ter e S a turn o, S a tu rn u s e Carlo ,
e
”
ta n gu a m a u rea ca then a dep en de t, & c (p 1 5 7 , O pp e n he i m ,
. .

T he re a de r, I t hi n k ,
w i ll se e t he so c i et y wa s p ro b a b l y c on

“
T hi s i s e vi d en tly t he M i t h ra i c L i o n o f Pe rs i a (t he Li o n of t h e C he m b i m
of t h e C h a l de e s ) —t he Red L i o n of t h e Cha lde e s . P o rphy ry na m e s t hi s Li o n
”
P e rs e s (Pe rse u s B ri ght n e ss , t h e su n b o rn ) o r t h e S u n i n c a rn a t e a s m a n (v id e
.

”
E n o c h , v o l i i p 4 9 , Ke n e a l y ) M r Wa i t e h a s m a de t he m i s ta k e o f s u bs t i
.

v
. . .

” “ ” “ ”
t u t i n g i n h is t ra n s l a t i o n
“
Li li u m fo r J u liu m J u li u m i s e i de n t ly .

a re fe re n ce t o t he ho u s e of t he su n Le e i n J ul y . P ega su s wa s the sea l of the

“
Kn i ght T e m p la rs (p . 1 89 , The G n o s t i c s , Ki n g ) .
 I NTR O D U C TI ON xx v x

n ect e d w i t h P O E T R Y, a nd y
pa rt i c u la rl w i t h t he fo u n t H e li c o n ,
w hi c h fl ow e d fro m P a rn a ssu s t o t he fou n ta i n s o f t he m u se s

ca ll e d Aga n i pp e a n d Hi pp o c re n e . C a s ta l i a w a s a l so a fo u n t a i n
o f P a rn a ssu s sa c r e d t o t he m u s e s d Ap o ll oa n It i s re m a r a ble . k
“ ”
t o fi n d t he first hei r of the supp osed S ha kesp ea re s i n ven ti on ca rry
’

i n g thi s mo tto
V ili a m i re t u r v u lg u s m i hi fla v u s Ap o ll o
P o c u l a Ca st a li a pl e n a m i n i st re t a qu a .

V en u s a n d A don i s .

H e r e i s di re c t c o n n o ta t i o n w i t h Ap ollo, P a rna ssu s, a n d the fou n

ta i n f
o Ca sta lia ,
c lose to H eli con , if not iden ti ca l wi th i t . The e m bl e m
u
p on t h e t i t l e pa g e -
of L o rd B a c on s
’
Co lle c t i o n of Ap o pht he gm s
( pu bli shed 1 67 1 , Re su sc i ta t i o is a w i n ged horse—P ega su s

It i s a
ga i n re m a r a bl e t o fi n d k B a c on , i n hi s e xpl a na ti on of t he
fa bl e o f P e rs e u s (VII “
Wi sdo m . of t he w ri t i n g

The c o n c lu si o n i s fo llo w e d by t w o e ffe c t s

of t he w a r fi r st t he

birt h a n d sp ri n gi n g u p o f P e ga su s, w hi c h o b i o u sl v y e n ou
gh
de n o t e s FA M E , fly
i n g a bro a d a n d c e l e bra t i n g t he i c t o r V y .
”
Thi s
“
he a ga i n i n t ro du c e s a n d r e p e a t s i n hi s De A u gm e n t i s ( 3,
1 6 2
1 6 38 , B k II oo .
; t he Fa bl e of P e rse u s b e i n g s e le c t e d by
hi m to i llu stra te P a ra boli ca l P oesy . If t he re a de r w i ll t u rn t o t he
ca t a l o gu e of A NE W W O RL D OF S C I E NCE S ( l w
a a y s fo u n d a t t he
“ “ ”
en d of t he De Au gm e n t i s h e w i ll fi n d t he si xth Defici en t,
e n t it le d S a p i en ti a Veteru m , Phi lo so ph a c c o rdi n
g t o A n ci en t y
“
Pa ra bl e s . If n ow .
he wi ll t u rn t o t he S econ d B ook o f t he De
A u gm e n t i s, 1 6 2 3, he w i ll fi n d t hi s Si xth De fici en t i n t ro du c e d,

p a
g e 1 08 a s a n exa mp le o f the F a bles o f the P oets i n conn ec

tion wi th P a ra boli c a l or A llu si ve P oetry, a nd i n tou ch wi th the e n ti re

j
su b ect o f the Dra ma a n d S ta P la ys up on the p revi ou s p a ges
ge
-

Le t m e e a rn e st l y e n t rea t t he s t u de n t s a t t e n t i o n t o t hi s, w hi c h i s
’

f B W I S DO M O F TH E AN C I EN T S
“ ”
w ri tt e n
’
a de c i de d pr o o ,
a con s wa s

p a ra b o li ca ll y ,
a nd in con n ec ti o n wi th A llu si ve P oetry
S ta ge Pla ys, or -

—the Thea tre . y

It i s n o t i n m e re l r e a di n g m y s t a t e m e n t s, bu t
i n testi n g them , t he r e a de r w i ll a p pre c i a t e t he t ru t h a n d a lu e v
of w ha t I a ddu c e . H e w i ll se e , in a m o m e n t , w hy B a c on ha s
 IN TR O D U C TI O N

re s e r v ed t he t i t le s of hi s De fi c i e n t s fo r a ca ta lo gu e a t t he en d o f

t he w o r k ,
—evi de n tly wi th a vi ew to co n ce a lme n t a nd sa f
ety, — these
“
Defic ien ts bei n g on ly coa sted a long . B u t t he s e a re bu t c oa s t i n gs

a lo n g t he sho re
p rem e n do li tus i n igu u m (p g
a e 1 2 3,
oo B k II .

Ad v a
g 1 605 , W ri ght )
n c e m e n t o f L e a rni n ,
”
T hi s sho w s . B a con

t ho u ght t he se De fic i e n t s da n gerou s s u bj e cts t o do m o re t ha n hi n t

a t . In hi s “
Di s t ri bu t i o n P re fa c e
”
he w r i t e s : “
Whe re fo re w e
w i ll n o t n e le c t
g to s ide a lo n g (a s i t w e re i n pa ssa ge ) t he c oa st s o f
a c c e pt e d Sc i e n c e s Ar t s, n d to i m ort thi ther som e thi n
a nd a p g us efu l
a nd p o
r fita ble (p ”
. 2 2, “
Ad v a n c e m e n t,
”

Bu t t o r e t u rn to o u r c i ta t io n , i t i s c e rta in l y re m a r k a b le t o fi n d
B a c on c on n o tin
g F a me wi th the sp ri n gi n g up of P ega sus, se e i n
g i t

is a hi n t fo r y
P o e t r , if n o t fo r t he F a m a F ra tern i ta ti s i t se lf .

In B a c on s
’ “
Re su sc i t a t i o ,
”
1 6 7 1 , i s t o b e fo u n d afra gm e n t
e n t i tle d FAME , t hi s b e i n g pri n t e d i n t p e o f e x t ra y o rdi n a r a nd y
re m a r k a bl e s i z e , q
u i t e o u t o f a g re e m e n t w i t h t he o t he r ha p t e r
c

he a di n gs, a n d a dv e rt i si n g i t se lf a s a si n gu la ri t y of t he k
w o r , e vi

de n t ly do n e t o a t t ra c t n o t i c e Di re c t l w e e . y x a m i n e t hi s E ssa y
fra gm e n t , w e fi n d t he fi rs t pa r t e n t i re ly b o rro w e d fro m Vir gil s
’

de sc ri pt i o n of Fa m e (fo u r th bo o k ,
“
IEn e i d,
”
1 73

E xt e m pl o Lib y a : m a gn a s i t F a m a pe r ur b es

F a m a , m a lu m , qu o n o n a l i u d v e l o c i u s u ll u m

M o bi l i t a t e vi ge t , v i re squ e a c qu i ri t e u n do .

Pa r v
m e t u pri m o
a mcx se se , a t t o lli t i n a u ra s ,

In gre di t u rqu e s o l o , c o n di t
et ca pu t i n t e r n u b i l a .

Il l a m T e rra pa re n s , i rii i rri ta t a de o ru m ,

x
E t re m a m , u t pe rhib e n t , Coe o E n c e l a do qu e s oro re m
Pro ge n u i t , pe dib u s c e l e re m , e t pe rn i c ib us a li s .

M o n s t r um ho rre n du m , in ge n s cu i , qu o t su n t corp ore p l u m es ,

To t v i gi l es ocu li su bte r , m i r a bi le di c tu ,
T ot li n gu a e, totidem or a s on a n t, to t s u br i g i t a u r es .

N octe v ol a t c oeli m e di o t e rree qu e , p er u m b ra m .

S t ri de n s , n ee du l c i de c li n a t lu m i n a so m n o .

Lu c e se de t c u s to s a u t su m m i c u l m i n e t e c t i,
’
Tu rri b u s a ut a l t is , et m a gn a s t e rri te t u rb e s .

T he P oets m a k e Fa me a M on ster . T he yd e s c ri b e he r i n pa rt ,

V i gil b
r o rro w e d h is ph a n t o m fro m t h e Eri s o f H o m e r, a n d l i n e s 1 7 6, 1 7 7
a re di re c t l y i m i ta t e d fro m t he G re e k po e t A n t h o n s i rg il ,
” '
V
 I N TR O D U C TI O N xxx v u

fi ly ne a nd e l e ga n t l y ,
a nd in pa r t gra e l v y a nd s e n t e n t i ou s l y .

Th y e
y l o o h
sa ow m a n ,fea k y thers she ha t h, so ma y y
n e es she

ha t h u n de rn e a t h So m a n t o n gu e s ; . y so ma n y vi ; o ces she

k
pri c s u p s o m a n e a rs T hi s i s a y
o u ri s h : t he r e fo ll o w e
. fl x c el

l e n t P a ra bles a s t ha t she ga t he re t h st re n gt h i n go i n g t ha t she

g o e t h u pon t he gr o u n d, a nd yet hi de t h he r he a d i n t he c l o u ds .

Tha t i n t he da y t i m e she si tt e t h i n a wa tch tower, a n d fly e t h b o t h

by n i ght Tha t she m i n gl e t h t hi n gs do n e w i t h t hi n g s n o t do n e :
.

a n d t ha t s he i s a t e rr o r t o gre a t ci ti es ;
b u t t ha t w hi c h p a s se t h
a ll t h e r e st is : t he y do re c o u n t t ha t t he ea rth, mo ther o f t he gi a n ts,
t ha t m a de w a r a
ga i n st J up i ter, a n d w e r e by hi m de st ro e d, t he re y
u
p o n
ge r in a n bro u ght fo r t h F a me F o r c e r t a i n i t i s, t ha t Re b e ls
.

figu re d by t he gi a n ts a n d S edi ti ov s F u m es a nd lib e l s, a re bu t

brothers a n d si sters ; m a scu lin e a n d fem i n i n e . Bu t n ow if a ma n

ca n t a m e t hi s M on ster, a nd bri n g he r t o fe e d a t t h e ha n d, a n d

g o v e rn he r, a nd w i t h he r fly o t he r r a v en in g fo w l, a nd k ill t he m ,

it is so m e w ha t w o r t h . Bu t w e a re i n fe c t e d wi t h t he s t yl e of t he

Po e t s . To sp e a k n ow in a sa d a n d se r i o u s ma n n er t he r e i s n ot

in ll t he p o l i t i c s
a a pla ce l e ss ha l d,
nd e a nd m o r e w o rt h yt o be
ha n dl e d, t ha n t hi s of Fa m e . We w i ll t he r e fo r e sp e a k of t he s e

p oi n ts . W ha t a re fa ls e F u m es ; a nd w ha t a re t ru e Fu mes ; a nd

h o w t he y
b e b e st di sc e rn e d ; ho w F u m es m a y b e se w n
ma y

a n d ra i s e d ; h o w t h e y
m a y b e spr e a d a n d m u l t i pli e d ; a n d ho w

t he y ”
m a y b e c h e c e d a n d la id de a d (p 2 1 2 ,
“
k
Re su sc i t a t i o ,
”
.

1 67 1 , Pa rs .

T he fi r st
p a rt is e n t i re l y a p a ra p hra se o f t he pa ssa g e c i t e d fr o m

Vi rgi l . Di re c t l yw e t u rn t o t he Ro si c ru c i a n Ro m a n c e k n o wn a s

t he Che m i c a l M a rri a ge o f C hr i st i a n Ro s Cro ss, p u bli she d a t

“ y ”

S t ra ssbu rg, 1 6 1 6, w e re a d a t t he c o m m e n c e m e n t :
“
No w t he
sa m e t hi n
g s t i ll t w i c hi n g m e s e e ra l t i m e s b y t he c o a t , gl a n c ed v I
k
ba c a n d b e ho ld i t w a s a fa i r a n d gl o r i o u s la d , w ho se ga rm e n t s y
w e r e a ll S ky
e c o l o u r , a n d c u ri o u sl
-
b e spa n gl e d w i t h g o lde n st a rs y .

In he r ri ght ha n d sh e b a re a t ru m p e t b e a t e n go ld, w he re o n a
of

Na m e w a s i n gra v e n w hi c h I c o u ld w e ll re a d b u t a m fo r bi dde n a s

y e t t o re v ea l . In h e r l e ft ha n d she ha d a g re a t bu n dl e of le tt e r s
x vi ii
xx I N TR O D U C T I O N

in a ll la n
gu a ge s, w hi c h she (a s a ft e rw a rds I u n de rs t o o d ) wa s to
c a rr y i n t o a ll c o u n t ri e s S he ha d a ls o la rge
. bea u tiful wi n gs,
a nd

fu ll of eyes throu gho u t, w he r e wi t h s he c o u ld m o u n t a lo ft , a n d fly

sw ift e r t ha n a n y ea
gl e
”
(p . 1 00, Wa i t e s ’ “
Rea l Hi sto r y of t he

Ro si c ru c ia ns

Co m pa re B a con The P oets m a k e fa me a M o nster . The yd e

s c ri b e her i n pa rt n e l a n d e le ga n t l fi y
a n d i n pa rt gra e a n y v ly d
s e n t e n t i o u sl y y
T he sa y l o o how m a n y fea thers she ha th, so ma n y
. k
eyes she ha th u n dern ea th ; so ma n y Ton gu es ; so ma n y voi ces ; she

k
pri c s u p so m a n ea r s y
Thi s i s a fl ou r i sh .J o hn Va le n t i n e .
”

A n drea s, i n hi s de sc ri p t i o n o f hi s o w n life , de c la re d he c o m po se d
t he
“
C he m i c a l M a rri a ge o f C hri st i a n Ro s Cro ss i n 1 6 02 a n d y
1 603, a nd hi s o wn w o rds a re , L u di bri a m cu m mons troru m f oec u n do

foetu ,
q u od m i r e ri s a n o n n u lli s a e s t i m a tum e t s u b t il i i n da gi n e ex

pli ca t u m , pla n e fu t i le e t q
u o d i n a n i t a t e m c u ri o so ru m p roda t
”

”
(p . 9 9 , J o h V a l A n drea s
. u n d se .i n Z e i t a lt e r, Ro ssb a c h,
T he rea de r w i ll se e t he t e rm mon ster u se d by bo t h t hi s
w ri t e r a nd B a con in c on n e c ti on wi t h F a me . The tru mp et i s con

st a n t li n t ro du c e d i n t he Ro s i c ru c i a n m a n i fe st o e s i n c o n n e c t i o n
y
w i t h Fu m e, a s m a y b e s e e n i n t he a bo e e x t ra c t fr o m t he v
“
M a rr i a ge of C hri st i a n Ro s e n kre u t z . U p o n t he fro n t i sp i e c e
en v
gra i n g o f Si r Wa l t e r Ra l e i gh s Hi st o r o f t he Wo rld, 1 6 1 4 ,
’
y ”

m a y b e r e c o gn i se d a n e n gra v e d s m b o l o f t hi s F a me—a w o m a n y
w i t h w i n gs, t he la t t e r c o v e re d u n de rn e a th with e y es . She ho lds
a t ru m p e t s he i s blo wi n g t o he r li p s . B e n ea th s he i s de s c ri be d
by t he t i t le Fa ma B on a
”
It m a y b e
. se e n B a c o n e v ide n t l yi s

de sc ribi n g t hi s a lle go ri ca l fig u re . It i s v y
er c u ri o u s Si r Wa l t e r
Ra l e i gh s
’
H i s to r y of t he Wo rld ,
”
c on ta ining t hi s hi ghl y
ma so n i c e n
gra v i n ,
g b ea rs da t e 1 61 4 -
t ha t i s t he sa me y ea r t he
”
Fa m a F ra t e rn i ta t i s of t he M e ri t o ri o u s Orde r o f t he R C . . sa w

li gh t
A n d t hi s ki n d of m e ri t w a s li v lye se t fo rt h i n t ha t fa m e d
r e la ti o n of Orp heus Thea tre, w he r e a ll b ea st s a nd b i rds a ss e m bl ed,

w hi c h, fo rge t t i n g t he i r p ro p e r na t u ra l a pp e t i t e s o f y
p re , o f ga m e ,
of q ua rr e ls, st o od a ll s o c i a bl y a nd l o vi n gl y t o ge t he r, li ste n i n g
 I N T R O D U C TI O N .

u n to t he a i rs a nd a c cor ds of t he ha rp
(p 4 9 ,
A d a n c e m e n t o f
.
“
v
L ea rn i n
g,
”
x
The n e t pa ge , 5 0, i s m i sp a ge d 5 2 (Sha e k
s
pea re s a
’

ge , a n d c o n s t i t u t e s t he r st fa l se
pa ge i n t he fi
w or k .
(The w o rds Orp heu s Thea tre a re t he 4 9 t h a n d 5 ot h i n
i t a li c s fro m t he t o p o f t he pa ge , a n d t he 2 3rd li e wi s e fro m t he k
bo t t om u p w a rds
) .

P 4 9,
. Orp heu s, 4 9 , 2 4 .

1 64 0 “
Ad v a n c em en t o f Lea rn i n
g, Thea tre, 5 0, 2 3 .

E vi de n t l y t hi s c o n n o ta t i on of t he w o rd The a t r e w i t h t he

n u m ber fifty i s to ca ll a t t e n t i o n t o t he ne xt pa ge fifty m i spa ge d

fif y
t two,
t
-
ha t i s S ha k e sp e a r e s
’
fu ll y e a rs w he n h e di e d, 1 6 1 6, a n d
t hu s t o su
gg e st the S ha kesp ea re Thea tre ! Di r e c t l yw e rea d B a con s
’

F a ble o f Orp heu s (i n hi s “

Wi sdo m of t he A n c i e n t s w e fin d t he
fo llo wi n g re fe r e n c e to He li con , w hi c h t he Ro si c ru c i a n s ca l le d
t he i r sa c r e d sp ri n
g
“
O rphe u s hi m s e lf w a s t o rn t o pi e c e s by t he w o m e n i n t he i r

fu r y ,
a nd hi s li m bs sc a t t e re d a b o u t t he fi e l ds : a t whose dea th,

H eli con (ri ver sa cred to the M uses) i n gri ef a nd i n di gna ti on bu ri ed hi s

wa ters u n der the ea r th, to rea pp ea r elsewhere
”
(
“
W i sdo m of t he
”
A n c i e n t s, XI .
, O rphe u s) .

B a con e x pl a i n s t hi s fa bl e t hu s T he si n
gi n g of Orp he u s i s of

t wo ki n ds ; on e t o pro pi t i a t e t he i n fe rn a l p o w e rs, t he o t he r to

dra w t he w ild b e a s t s a nd t he w o o ds The form e r m a y b e b e st

.

u n de r st o o d a s r e fe rr i n
g t o na t u ra y
l p hi lo s o ph ; t he la t t e r t o

p hil o s o p h y m o ra l a nd ci vi l . For na t u ra l p hi l o so p h y p r o p o se s
t o i t se lf, a s it s n o bl e st wor k of a ll, n o thi n g less tha n the resti tu ti on

a n d ren ova ti on o f thi n gs corrup ti ble, a nd

(w ha t i s i n de e d t he sa me

t hi n g i n l o w e r de gr e e ) t he c o n se r a t i o n o f b o di e s In t he st a t e
a v
in w hi c h t he y
a re , a n d t h e r e t a rda t i o n o f di s s o lu t i o n a n d p u t re

fa c t i o n .

Bu t ho w s o e v er t he w o r k s of w i sdo m a re a m o n g hu m a n t hi n gs

t he m o st e x c e ll e n t , y e t t he yt oo ha v e t he i r p e ri o ds a n d c lo s e s .

For so i t i s t ha t a ft e r k i gd n om s a nd c om m o n w ea lt hs ha v e
x1 I NT R O D U C TI O N

fl o ur i she d fo r a t im e , t he r e a ri s e p e rt u rba t io n s a nd s e di t i o u s

a nd wa rs ; a m id t he u p ro a rs of w hi c h, fi rs t t he la w s a re pu t t o

si l e n c e , a nd t he n m en re t u rn to t he de pra vde c o n di t i o n s o f
t he i r na t u re , a nd de s o la t i o n is se e n i n t he fi ld e s a nd c it i e s .

An d i f su c h t ro u b le s la s t , i t i s n ot lo n g b e fo re le t t e rs a ls o a nd

p hi lo so ph y a re s o t o rn i n p i e c e s t ha t no t ra ces of t he m ca n be
fo u n d bu t fe w fra gm e n t s,
a sca t t e re d he r e a nd the re li ke p la n ks

f rom a ship wre ck ; a n d then a sea son o f ba rba ri sm se ts i n , the wa te rs

of H eli con bei n g su n k u n der the gro un d, u n ti l, a cc o r di n g to the
a p p oi n ted vi ci ssi tu de o f thi n gs, they brea k ou t a n d i ssu e f or th a ga i n ,
p erha p s a mon g other na ti on s, a n d n ot i n the p la c es whe re they we re

befo re (O rphe u s XI , . or Philo so p h y) .

T he L a t i n t e t x ru n s :
“
A de o ut fra gm e n t a ta n t ii m j
e u s, in

pa u c i s l o c i s , ta n q ua m NA U FR AG I I T ABU LAB, i n v e n i a n tur et ba rba ra

t e m p e ra i n gru a nt ; H e li c o n i s a qu i s su b t e rra m e rsi s do n e c

de bi t a re bu s v i c i ssi t u di n e , n on ii sde m fo rt a ss e l o c i s, se d a pu d
a li a s Na t i o n e s e ru m
pa n t e t em a n e n t
(1 638 ,
“
Op e ra M o ra l ia
U p o n pa ge 9 1 , ch .vi , .
“
Ad v a n c em e n t of Lea rn i n
g,
”
1 6 4 0,
B a con a ga i n i n t ro du c e s t hi s su b e c t j in t he sa me w o rds
“
A n ti qu i ti es, o r t he Rema i n s o f Hi stori es, a re , a s i d, ta nqu a m
we sa ,

Ta bu la Na ufra gi i ; w he n i n du s t ri o u s a n d u n de r s ta n di n
g p e rso n s

(t h e m em or y of t hi n gs b e i n g de ca y ed a n d a lm o s t o v e rw he lm e d

wi t h o b li vi on
) by a c o n sta n t a nd sc ru p u l o u s dili g e n c e , ou t

of G e n ea lo gi e s, Ca l e n da rs, I n sc r i
p t i o n s, M o n u m e n t s, C o i n s,
P rop er Na mes a nd S tyles, & c .
,
v
&c . d ,
v m re c o er a n sa e so e w ha t

fro m t he de lu ge o f Ti m e . Th x t ly fifty t w w
e re a r e e a c -

o o rds in
A dv “ ”
i ta l i c s u
po n t hi s pa ge i n t h 1 64 0
e m t f L a nce en o ea rn i n g ,

a s if t o su
gge st s om e c o n n e c ti wi t h S h k p
on 1 61 6 a es ea r e o r .

It i s v ywer e ll w o rt h y n ote , t he t hr e e a n cie n t fa ble s B a oe n

“ ”
i n t ro du c e s i n hi s De A u gm e n t i s i n o r de r t o i llu s t ra t e P a ra
b o li c a l P o e s y ,
a re t he fa b l e s o f Pa n , P e rse u s, Di o n su s , b e c a u s e y
t hese t hr e e a re c lo s e l y c o n n e c t ed wi t h Ro s i c ru c i a n m y s t e ri e s ,

Pa n a nd P e rse u s e sp e c i a ll y b e i n g i n t ro du c e d by Ro b e rt Fl u dd
n d M i c ha e l M a i e r ( A rca n a Ar c a n i s
“
T ra c ta t u s 1 61 7) a

si m a i n t he sa m e wa y a s by B a con .
 I N TR O D U C T I O N xl i

T he a u t ho r o f
“
Ni m r o d w ri t e s
“
Ro ge r B a con s
’
w ri t i n gs a re

sc a rc e l y di i gu i sha b l e i n t he i r c ha ra c t e r fr o m t ho s e o f t h e Ro si
st n

c ru c i a n s, a n d t he la t t e r a v o w tha t the n a m e a n d a ble o Demi or on

f f g g
”
co n cea ls the secre t of thei r a rt
(
vi de Ec ho Co ll o qu i i , p 97 ; .

“
Ni m r o d ,
”
v ol . iv .
, p . It i s v y er st ri ki n t
g o fi n d L o rd
B a con gi vi n g thi s story o f P ega sus a nd M edu sa i n hi s “
A dva n ce me n t

f
o L ea rn i n g (u p o np a ge 7 3 o f t he 1 6 38 e di t i o n , a n d pa ge s 1 2 0,
“ ”
1 21 , A dv a n c e m e n t o f L e a rn i n , a lm o s t i n t he sa m e
g
w o rds a s it is re la t e d by t he gr e a t Ro si c ru c i a n M i c ha el M a i e r
“ “
(u
po n p g a e i n hi s A rc a na A rc a i
n s si m a . P e rs e u s, a

Pri n c e o f t he Ea st , i s re p o r t e d t o ha v e be e n e m pl o y ed by Pa lla s

y
for t he de st ro i n g o f M e du sa , w ho w a s e r i n fe st i o u s t o t he v y
w e st e rn pa r t s o f t he w o rld, a b o u t t he u tt e rm o st c o a st s o f b e ri a I .

A m o n st e r, hu g e a n d fi e r c e , o f a n a sp e c t s o dir e a nd ho rri d, t ha t
w i t h he r e r l o o v y k s s he t u rn e d m e n i n t o st o n e s . O f a ll t he G o r

g on s t hi s M e du sa a lo n e wa s m o r t a l, t h e r e st n o t su b j ect t o de a t h .

P e rs e u s, t he r e fo re , pr e pa ri n g hi m se lf fo r t hi s n o bl e e n t e rpri se ,
ha d a rm s a n d gi ft s b e st o w e d o n hi m by t hre e o f t he g o ds Mer .

c ur yg v a e hi m w i n gs, fitt ed fo r hi s fe e t , n ot hi s a rm s ; Plu t o , a

he lm e t ; Pa lla s, a shi e l d a n d a l o o i n g gla ss No t w i t hsta n di n g, k -

.

a l t h o u h h e w a s t hu s w e ll fu r n i sh e d, he w e n t n o t di r e c t l
g
to y
si de ,
’
M e du sa , b u t t u r n e d i n t o t he G r e ee , w hi c h, b y t he m o t he r s

w e re si s t e r s t o t h e G o rgo n . The se G r e ce , fro m t he i r b i rt h, w e r e

y
ho a r he a de d, r e se m bli n g o ld w o m e n . T he yh a d bu t on e on l y ey e ,

a n d on e to oth a m o n g t he m a ll, -
t hi s e
y e a nd t o o t h t he yl en t to

P e r se u s . Du m P e r se u s pa r e r e c o gi t u r, a d i t e r
C o m p a re M a i e r
s e s e a c c i n i t ; A P a l la de i t a qu e ; s c u t u m e t s p e c u lu m , a M e r c u ri o
g
Ha rp e n s e u fa l c a t u m e u se m , a P hi t o n e p e ra m e t ga l c a m , a Nym p hi s
t a la ri a se u ca lc e o s v o l u c re s m u tu a t u s e st : q u i bu s i n s t ru m e n t i s

P e rs e u s i n s t r u c t u s a d M e du sa m , m u lt o s ho m i n e s i n sa x a c on ver

t en t em una m G org o n u m c o n t e n di t , P ri me a u tem ud Greu s P er

Gorgon u m, mu n ero tres ocu lu m et
seu s f
p ro ectus est, guce cru n t sorores
den tem u n i cu m com m u n em hu ben tes, gu os a b i llis m u tuo u ccep tos tu m
di u re ti n u i t done c i llce Nymp ha s, gu ce a lu tos ca lceos ha beren t i n di
ca ssen t, e tc .
(p 1 5.5 ,
Arc a n a A rc a n i ss im a
 I N TR O D U C TI ON

The r ea v
de r w i ll p e rc e i e t he si n gu la r pa ra ll e li sm o f t he s e
fl
t ri i n g de ta ils, w hi c h spa c e fo rbi ds m y i llu st ra t i n g fu rt he r .

M a i e r gi ve s a ll this i n con te xt wi th the f o u n ta in f

o Heli con , e vi

de n t ly (a s he sho w s i n hi s “
A u rea The m i s con ne c te d wi th the

Ro si cru cia n f ra tern i ty . B ’

a c o n s a c c ou n t of t hi s fa ble i s i n c lu de d
i n w ha t he ca lls the Thea tre, vi z .
,
t he se c o n d bo o k of t he De
” “
Au gm e n t i s, 1 62 3, w hi c h he c o n c lu de s wi t h t he w o rds, B u t we
sta y too lon g i n the Thea tre, l e t u s n ow a ss o n t o t he pa la ce of t he
p
m ind
”
(p . 1 30, 1 640 “
Ad v a n c e m e n t o f L ea rn i n
g
Am o n gst t he fe w v a lu a ble a nd ge n u i n e Ro si c ru c i a n w or s to k
b e fo u n d, t he r e i s on e l i t t le k n own , w i t h t he t i t l e C O NS P IC IL IUM
No rm a: i n s e rv i e n s O C UL IS j E G a Is qu i lu m e n v e ri t a tis Ra t i o n e
m e di i su b e c t i , o b e c t i e t
j j fi n i s fe rr e r e c u sa n t , o ppo si t u m Adm o n i
t io n i Fu t ili H e n ri c i Ne u hu si i de F r a t ri b u s R C . . A n si n t ? Q ua l e s
sin t ? U n de n om e n i llu d si b i a sc i v e re n t ? Et c a b . Eu c ha ri o
Cygn aeo . The da t e i s 1 61 4 . T he a u t ho r s
’
na m e is e v i de n t l y
onl y a
p s e u do n ym . I fi n d i n t hi s t ra c t so m e e xt ra o rdi n a r y
pa ra lle ls t o B a c on s
’
w ri t i n g s . Fo r e xa m ple , i n B a c on s
’
Si x t h
B k oo o f t he 1 62 3 “
De Au gm e n t i s , he o b sc ur e sc us s e s a
”
ly di
m e t hod of t he v y
de li e r o f se c r e t n o w l e dge , w hi c h h e e n t i t le s k
“ ” “
T R AD I T I O L AM PA D IS , *
si re m ethodus a d F i li os . The de li very of the
”
La mp , or the me thod beque a thed to the sons of S a p i e n ce If t he r e a d e r .

w i ll t u r n t o
’
a con s B ”
Re da rgu t i o , w hi c h i s la i d a t Pa ri s , he w i ll
fi n d t he a ddr e ss i n t e rsp e rse d w i t h t he e xp r e ss o n i son s ,
”
w hi c h

s ho w s B b l g d t
a c on e on e o so m e br o t he rho o d o r c ra ft . Cy gn ae u s,
in re
ply i g t t h q
n ti o e u es on a s t o t he na t u r e o f t he Ro si c ru c i a n

bro t he rho o d, w ri te s : C e rt i t u do et c on t i n u a s e ri e s C o lle gi o ru m ,

q u ae a n t i
qu i t u s o c c u l ta si m i li s a rt i fi c i i e t r e ru m n a t u ra li u m , n o n
si n e a dm i ra t i o n e , p ro fe ssi o n i s v a ri i s i n lo c i s e t n a t i o n i bu s o rn e r fl
u n t, e t ta n de m q u a si
pe r ma nus a d n os G e rm a n os
p e rv e n e ru n t ,

ne ha b e re m u s, a b si t sca n da lu m , i n c u sa re De u m , q ua si o m n ia

M i c ha e l M a i e r w ri t e s i n his “
La w s o f t he Ro s i c ru c i a n F ra t e rn i ty
T h e m i s Au re a , p 26)
.
—“ De i n de b e b e n t su c c e ss i o n e m a b e od e m a d se

u s qu e et L AM PA A D s i bi i n c u rsu t ra di t a m a cc e
”
pe ru n t a n o te di c toe F ra ter
n i ta t is c o n so rt e s eu foede ri s m e m b ro l e gi t i m o .
 I N TR OD UC TI ON xl ii i

p ri m i s Pa t ri bu s ex Ja re pr i m o
g e n i t ur es do n a ri t , e t i n ul t i m a es ta te

ma num
pree c lu s e ri t De qu a i n u ri a aequ e c o n qu eri t u r F e rn e l
. j .

i n p reef a t li b dc a ddi t rer

. . . . . q
u a si n o s t ru m se c u l u m t a n t i st u p o ri s

ta n t ee
qu e ta r di ta tis v e ll e m u s i n si m ul a re , n il no v um ut e n de re

p o s se t , nu lla ru m a rt i u m a fi e rre pro v e n t u m U t a u t e m i gn ora n t e s .

a m bu l a t o ri u m illu d m u n u s v i de a n t , v i su m m i hi e st st ri c t e o rdi

n em re c e n se r e , quomodo u nu na tio a lteri la mp u da tra dideri t

(p
Cygn eeu s t he n pr o c e e ds t o p o i n t o u t t ha t t he Eg p t i a n s ha d y
t he i r s e c re t c o lle ge t ha t t he r e fo llo w e d t he Ca b i ri o f Sa m o t hra c e ,

t he El e u si n i a n s, t he M a gi o f P e rsi a , t he ra hm a n s o f n di a , t he B I
y
G m n o so phi st s of E t hi o p i a ,
t he P t ha go r e a y ns i n G re e c e , & c .
,

a nd he c o n c lu de s w i t h t he Ro si c ru c i a ns t he m s e l e s v a s t he la st

li n k i n t hi s c ha in of Up o n t he t i tl e pa ge (bi s) o f t he
t ra di t i o n .

1 6 40 “
Ad va n c e m e n t o f L e a rn i n ,
g
”
t h e r e i s t hi s m o t t o a t t he fo o t

of t he pa g e

D e us O m n i a
In m en su ra , e t n u m ero , e t o rdi n e

D is po su i t .

(p . 61

No w Cygn aeu s :
c o m pa r e Na m prim u s Cre a t o r a m a t ha rm o
“

n i a m e t e di t di s so n a n t ia m , u i om n i u i n n u m ero, p on dere c l m en su ra
g
”
teste S a lomone S up 7 di sp osa i t, & c (p Cygn eeu s t e lls u s t he . .

Ro si c ru c i a n s w e re a mi li ti a who borrowed thei r sym bol o f the Cross

from Con sta n ti ne . Ve ru m q u od q u i da m du o s c ha ra c t e r e s R C . .

i n t e rpr e t e n t u r Ro s c a m C ru c e m , n o n c a r e t ra ti on e q u ia i n de Opt i

y
m u s t pu s c o n fe ssi o n i s e t p ro fe ssi o n i s e lu c e si t . Na m c ru c e q u e e st

si
gillu m e t s y m b ol u m v e ri C hri st i a n i, v o la n t t e st a ri , se m i li t a re

x
su b v e i lle C hri st i , c o n t ra ,
m u n du m , c e rn e m , et Sa t a na m . Et

C hri st u s i ps e M a t t h 1 0, M a r 8 , Lu . k k e 9, a dm o n e t , si q u is vu lt m e
s e qu i , de n e e t s e m e t i su m , e t t o lla t c ru c e m su a m, e t s e qu a tur m e
g p
.

L e gi m u s q q
uo ue ; c . 9 , Ez e c h . i n p o pu li c l a de Do m i n u m c ur a m

g e ssi ss e c o ru m , qu i li t e ra T , i d e st , c ru c e s i gn a t i e ra n t s u p e r
fro n t e m , a Vi ro li n e i s i n du t o , et a t ra m e n t a ri u m sc ri p t o ri s in

l u m bi s su i s ha be n t e . P ree t e re a ,
ho c s ym b o lu m n on m u lt u m
xli v I N TR O D U C TI O N

a bl u di t a Lu t he ri gi llo , i n qu o si c o n t i n e ba t ur c ru x in c o rde , e t

cor c o m re he n de ba t u r a Ro sa
p . Q ui d r e e raf m de Co n sta n t in o ,

c ui du b i ta n ti a n Ro m a m du c e re t e x e rc i t u m , o st e n di t De u s
i llu st re si
g num v i c t o ri es : Na m m e di o di e i n l
c a ra lu c e , vi di t
C o n s ta n tin u s in o cc lo i gn e a m c ru c e m , cum li t e ri s E N T o r T I1
‘

N I K A (In ho c vin c es
), p 2.7 .

Thi s pr o e s t he v s re la t e d t o t he T e m pla
So c i e t way rs, w ho

a do p te d t he Re d C ro ss fro m t hi s i si o n o f C o n st a n t i n e v . M o re
o v e r, t he r e a v
de r w i ll p e rc e i e i n a c o n s Ho l Wa r t hi s m o t t o B ’ “
y
re p ea t e d, a n d t he re i s n o q
u e s t i o n t he Ro si c ru c ia n s w e r e , li ke the

Sa lva ti on A r my o
f to da y,
-
soldi ers o f the Cross . U po n t he t i t le pa ge
of t he S e n dbri e fl
'

(or M i s si v e t o t he F ra y
t e rn i t o f t he Ro si c ru

c ia n s by J u l i a de C a m pi s , pu b li she d wi t h t he
n Fa m a F ra t e r
ni t a t i s,
”
1 61 7 , Fra n fo rt , k I
fi n d t hi s a t t he b o t to m , “
M I LI TA
”
BO NA M M ILITIA M , s e rv a n s fi de m et a c c i pi e s c o ro n a m gl o ri ze .

B a con s
'

Ho l yW a r i s, I a m c o n v i n c e d, e n t i re l y w ri t t e n i n t he

sp i ri t of a P ea f
ce u l S oldi ery, a n d s ho u ld be s t u di e d a s a Ro si c ru
c ia n t ra ct fo r t he i n i t i a t e d a lo n e . Cy gn ee u s, Q u oa d Ro sa s, i llae
su n t si
g n u m v i c t o ri ae : Na m p ri m u s
S c ipi o ex A fri c a r e v e rsu s , e t

de H a n n i ba l e t r i u m pha t ur u s, m i li t i bu s o c ta v es le gi o n i s, qu i pri m u m
Ca rt ha g i n e n si u m c a st ra o pp u gn a ss e n t , a c Du c i s c o ru m i n si g n i a
a bs t u li ss e n t fa sc i c u l u m Ro sa ru m
y g e s ta n du m , im o cl p e i s de pi c t a s

Ro sa s fe r e n da s c o n c e s si t S a n e a p u d Ho m e ru m A c hi lli s sc u t u m
.

l e g i t u r, h e en on Ca ssi de s H e c t o ri s e t IEn e se Ar m i n i u s G e rm a n i ze .

P r i n c e ps Ro sa m i n In si gn ibu s ha b e b a t . M a rc hi o n e s B ra n de n

b u rge n se s Comi te sgu e de E berstei n , pl u ri m ae fa m ili ae , s t re n u a

n ecn on

n o b i li t a te c la ree , Ro sa s i n t e r su a i n si gn i a glo ri o s e lo ca t a s ha b e n t
Na m Ro sa pri n c i pi bu s m e ri t o ge sta n da v i de t u r P rae t e r ea Ro s a .

Au ro rae e st di c a t a , si gn u m ha b e t u r sile n t i i , l ae t i t i ae , et o m ni u m

flo ru m Re gn i a . Ex Ro sa a pi s m e l, a ra n ea v en en u m pa ra t, j u x ta

Bri sa rdi e m b le m a

x
T o i ca a b ho e c a rpi t s u bl i m i s a ra n e a flore ,
Du l c i a qu o pa rv se m e lla pa ra n t ur a pi .

Ro sa Ca n t ha ri de s i n t e rfic i t , et j u x ta a lli u m pla n ta ta ,

o do ra t io r

eva di t j u x ta Ca m e ra ri i e m bl e m a
 I N T R O D UC TI O N xlv

Li v or i n e rs st i m u l o s g e n e ro si s m e n t ibu s
”
a ddi t
Si c pe r foe de Ro si s a ll i a c resc i t o do r .

(p 29 )
Tho se w ho a re a c q ua i n t e d w it h B a de n -
B a de n a nd i ts n ei
gh
b o u rho o d do u b t l e ss w ill re m e m b e r t he c a st l e of Eb e rst e i n i n t he
M u rg T ha l, wi th i ts ston e boa r a n d rose crest . In B a c on s
’
Re da r

g u tie Ifi n d hi m i n t ro du c i n g t hi s y h i sl
n t fo r t he F ra t e rn i t y
“
C e rt e , fi lii ,
fa c u lt a t es a rt i u m e t s c i e n t i a ru m o m n i u m c o n s e n su

Ha
‘

a u t e m p i ri c ae a u t ra t i o n a le s su n t . s a u tem ben e c o m m i st a s et

c o p u la ta s a dhu c v i de re n o n li c u i t . E m pi ri c i en im , fo rm i c ae m o re ,
c o n ge r u n t ta n t u m et u tun tu r . Ra t i o n a l e s a u t e m , a ra n e a r u m m o re ,
t e la s e x se c o n fi c i u n t . Ap i s ra ti o me di a est, gu ce m a teri u m ex flori bu s
ta m horti gu u m ugri eli ci t, sed si m u l e ti a m ea m p rop ri a fa cu lta te verti t

“ ”
et di geri t ( Re da rgu t i o P hi l o so phi a ru m , p 5 8 3,
. v ol . i ii .
,
P hi l .

Wk .
,
E . a n d
T hi s e m bl e m of t he Be e a nd ho n e y I fi n d F lu dd, Va u gha n ,

a nd Cy gn aeu s i n t r o du c i n g i n t he sa me ma n n er . T he e m bl e m to

F lu dd s
’
Su m m u m B on um is a Ro s e w i t h a Be e a li ght i n g u pon

it, a nd t he m o t t o , D u t rosa m el up i bu s .

Thi s sho w s t he Ro si c ru c i a ns b o rr o w e d fro m t he Esse n e s . Bu t

t he re a de r w i ll n ote t ha t B a c on ha s la i d t h e Re da rgu t i o , wi th

i ts a ddress to fifty p erson s, styled son s, a t P a ri s . I t i s he r e a

ga i n w e
he a r o f a g re a t Ro si c ru c i a n m e etin g of t hi rt y -
si x m e m b e rs i n 1 62 3,

t he da t e o f t he F o li o Pla y s a nd
“
D e A u gm e n t i s .
”

Chri st o p he r M ur r w ri t e s
“
T he P hoen i i s a fa x v o u ri t e Ro si oru

e ia n i de a
,
”
i n 1a nd
6 1 6 w e fi n d M i c ha e l M a i e r pu b li shi n g a w or k
u po n hi s re t u rn fro m En gla n d t o o he m i a T he t i t l e i s B . J ocu s

Se v e r u s, h, e T rib u n a l ae qu u m u
q o No c t u a Re gi n a a vi u m ,

Pho e n i c e a rb i t r o , p o st v a ri a s di s c e n t a t i o n e s et q u e r e l a s v o l u cru m
”
m i n fe st a n ti u m ro n u n c ia t u r, etc F ra n co f , 1 61 7 In t h e
ea p . .

P r e fa ce we rea d: “
Da ha m Fr a n c o fur t i d m oe n u m , m e n se S e p
a
”
t e m bri a 1 6 1 6 tru n si tu ed A n gli a i n B ohem i u m T he re a de r w ill .

se e M a i er a ctu a ll y p u b l i she d ll b e a ri n g da t e S e p
t hre e w o r k s a

E l d fi m h a ft e r
t e m b e r 1 6 1 6, af ter hi s r e tu rn fro m n g a n ,
v e o n t s

S ha k e s pe a r e s
’
de a t h C o n si de r t he la st p o e m o f t he su pp o se d
.
xlvi I N T R O D UC TI O N

S ha k p e a re b ea
es rs t he m y st e ri o u s t i t le
“
The P hoen i x a nd t he

T u rt le , a n d i s e vi d e n tl yi n c on n ec tion w i t h Che st e r
’
s
“
Lo v ’
e s

w he re a
g re a t ma n y m o re p o e m s u po n t he sa m e
su b j ect m a y be fo u n d . P ro fe ss o r B uh l e m a i n t a i n s M a i e r w r o t e

t hi s w o r k , J o cu s Se v e ru s ,
”
du ri n g his j
so ou rn i n E n gla n d .

B u hl e
p o i n t s ou t t he r e w e r e no lo dge s a nd n o Ro si c ru c i a n s i n
G e rm a n y ,
w h e re i t ne v er too k ho l d a t a ll, bu t the ca se i n E n gla nd

wa s dif eren t, for there i t ga ve ri se to F re ema s on ry . Im i t i a n a n Ma i e r

o b ta i n e d i n sp i ra t i o n s i n En gla n d, w hi c h i s p ro e v d by hi s t hre e

w or k s, Lu su s S e ri u s , E a m e n F u c o ru m ,
”
x a nd
“
J ocu s
Se v e ru s , l l b ea ri n g t he sa m e da t e , S e pt e m b e r 1 61 6, p u b li she d
a

u pon hi s re t ur n ho m e They m ust ha ve been wri tten i n E n gla nd

. .

In t hi s w o rk w e fi n d Sh a k e s pe a re s
’

po e m , T he Phoen i x a nd t h e Tu rt l e .

v
T wo pa ge s pre i o u s t o i t t h ere i s a n Iv
”
n o ca t i o n t o A po l l o a nd t h e M us es
“
I n vo ca t i o d A p o l li n e m
a ct P i e r ides (p . An a llu si o n po i n t i n g t o
H eli c o n a n d Pa rn a ssu s .
P A R T I
.
 E v ly
e n (i n h i s Di sc ou rse of M e da ls ) de sc ri b e s Ba c o n w i t h “
a s pa c i o u s

F orehea d a nd pi e rc i n g E y e, a lwa ys (a s h e h a d b e e n t o ld by o n e t h a t kn e w
hi m w el l ) l o ok i n g u pw a rds , a s a s ou l i n su bl i m e c o n t e m pl a t i o n
. O sb orn
(i n t h e pa rt o f hi s Ad i c e t o h i s So n ), w ri t e s
sec o n d
'

v H i s m a j es t i ca l ca r ri a ge
s tru c k a n a w
f u l r everen ce i n t h ose he qu est i o n e d .
 CHAPTER I .

’
BACO N S H I STO R Y or K ING H EN R Y vn .

D e C'on n u bi o Rosa ru m .

S e pt i m u s H e n ri c u s n o n a c re e t m a rm ore vi v1 t
Vi v i t a t in c ha rt i s , m a gn e B a c o n e , tu i s .

Iu n ge du a s , H e n ri c e , ro sa s da t m il l e Ba c o n u s
Q u o t erba i n libro , to t re or e sse ro se s —T P
v . .

T HE o m i ss i o n o f t he H i s t o r y of Ki n g He n r VII i n t he y . su c c e s

si o n of t he Chro n i c l e pla y s is e x c e s si v e l y st ri ki n
g a n d c u ri ous ,

b e c a u se t hi s pe ri o d, o f a ll o t he rs , w a s ful l o f i n c i de n t, ful l of

y
di sc o v e r , a n d, i n t he u n i o n o f t he Ro se s, m a r s a n e po c h a k nd

p e ri o d i n t he hi st o r y of En gla n d . B a c on wro t e o nl y comp l t

one e e

p ro s e hi st o r y ,
*
t ha t i s t he p e rfe c t o n e of Ki n g He n r y VII w hi h ,
c ,

fo r so m e u r o se u n e x pl a i n e d, w e do n ot fi n d i n t he 1 6 2 3 F o l i o
p p .

Ex a m i n a t i o n of t he su c c e ssi o n o f t he Chro n i c l e pla y s b e t ra y s t he

se e m i n g i n t en t i o n t o t a k e t he c hi e f re i gn s fro m Ki n g J o hn i n
o rde r, a n d t hu s c a rr y Hi t y s or u
p t o H e n ry t he Ei ght h We ha v e .

Ki n g J o hn , Ri c ha r d II H .
,
en r y
IV , H e n r V , He n r VI ,
. y . y .

Ri c ha rd III .
, ea c h l e gi t i m a t e l yf o llo wi n g o n e a c h o t he r s
’
he e ls ;
but a ft e r Ri c ha rd III .
,
y
He n r VIH fo llo w s, . a nd t he on e Hi st o r y
”
f ll t he m o s t i m po rt a n t ) i s, i t w e re , ripp ed ou t of
(p e rha ps o a a s

t he c hro n o l o gi c a l s u c c e ssi o n o f ki n
gs o r re i gn s . It ha s o c c u rr e d

to us if B a c on wa nte d t o p ro v e hi s c la i m t o t he a u t ho rs hi p o f t he

p l a y s, t ha t su c h a n o m i ssi o n m i ght b e m a de a n i n st ru m e n t of

e xt ra o rdi n a r y us e a s e v ide n c e , e x t e rn a l a nd i n t e rn a l, for t he di s

c o v e ry of t ru t h b y po st e ri t y be c a us e t he re i s , o f c o u rse , m u ch

Hi st o ry
Th e of Ki n g H e n ry V , III
by Ba c o n , i s o n l y a fra gm e n t , j u st
.

M e m o ri a l s o f Q u ee n El i za b e th s re i gn , e n t i t led t h e
’

c om m e n ce d Th e
F li i t i vy
.

”
e c es o f Q u e e n Eliz a be th , is n ot a hi st ory , b u t a gen era l su r e of h er
t i m es a n d c h a ra c t er.
z B A C ON S H I S T O R Y O F KI N G H E NR Y VII

i n t he hi st or y of Ki n g He n r y VII i t w v . n er o en wi t h t he hi st o r y
of hi s pre de c e ss o r Ri c ha rd III d hi
.
,
a n s su c c e sso r He n r y VIII ; .

t he se c o n n e c t i o n s m i ght b e refl t df m B
ec e ro a co n s
’
Hi st o r y t th o e

y q
pla s i n u e st i o n a s li n k s o f e v i de n c e , by pa ra lle ls o f t r ea t m e n t .

The c la i m s o f P e r i n k Wa rbe c k a ro s e fro m hi s

p e rs o n a t i n
g t he

Du k e of Yo r k ,
on e of t he t w o pri n c e s m u rde re d i n t he T o w e r b y

Ri c ha rd III . No w ,
in B ’
a c o n s a c c ou n t of t hi s i n c i de n t o f re b e l

li o n a n d i m p o st u re i n hi s hi st o r y of t he re i n o f
g Ki n g He n r VI I y .

he w ri t e s
To de t e ct t he a bu se (Pe r i n k Wa rb e c k s ’
c la im s of l e gi t i m a c y)
t he re w e re bu t t w o w a y s ; t he fi rs t to ma k e i t m a n i fe st t o t he
w o rld, tha t the D uke f
o Yorke wa s i n deed m u rdered : t he o t he r to

p ro v e t ha t w e re he de a d o r a li e Pe r i n w a s a co un terfei t v k . For
t he fi
rst t hu s i t st o o d The re w e re bu t fo u r p ersons, tha t
. cou ld

sp ea k up on knowledge to the m u rde r of the Du ke of York, v i z . : S IR

J AM ES TY RREL L (t he e m plo y ed ma n fro m Ki n g Ri c ha rd) , J O H N
D I G H TO N a nd M I LE S F O RREST, hi s v
ser a n t s (t h e t w o b u t c he rs or

t o rm e n t o rs) , a nd t he P ri est o f t he Tower, t ha t bu ri e d t he m . Of

w hi c h fou r M i les F orr es t a nd t he P r iest w e re de a d, a nd t he r e

re m a in ed a li v e onl y Si r J a mes Tyr rell J ohn D ightona nd . Th e se

t w o t he Ki n g c a u se d to b e c o m m i t t e d t o t he T o w e r, a n d e xa m in ed

t o u c hi n g t he m a n n er of t he de a t h of t he t w o i n n o c e n t P ri nces .

T he y
gre e d b o t h i n a ta l e (a s t he Ki n g ga v e o u t ) t o t hi s e ffe c t
a

T ha t Kin g Ri c ha rd ha v i n g di re c t e d hi s w a rra n t fo r t he p u t t i n g
of t he m t o de a t h t o B k ra c e n bu r y ,
t he Li e u t e n a n t of t he T o w e r,
wa s b y hi m re fu se d . Whe reu po n t he Ki n g di re c t e d hi s wa rra n t

to S IR J AM ES TY RRE LL , t o re c e i v e t he ky e s of t he Tower
o r t he Ki n g s
fro m t he L ieu tena (fo r t he of a ni ght
) f
’
nt s a ce
p
sp e c i a l se rv i c e . T ha t S i r J a mes Tyrrell a c c ordi n gl
p y
re a i re d

t o t he T o w e r b y n i ght , a tte n de d by hi s t w o v
se r a n ts a fo re
na m e d, who m he ha d c ho se n fo r t ha t pu rp o se Tha t hi m s e lf .

s to od a t t he sta i r fo o t ,
-
a n d s e n t t he se t w o vi lla i ns t o e x e c u t e

t he m u rde r . Tha t t he y s m o t he re d t hem i n t he i r bed, a nd t ha t

do n e ca lle d u p t he i r m a s te r t o se e t he i r na k ed dea d b odi e s , w hi c h

t he yh a d la i d fort h . Tha t t he yw ere b u ri ed u n der the sta i rs, a nd
 B A C ON S H I S T O R Y O F KI N G H E NR Y VI I .
3

s o m e sto n e s ca st u p o n t he m . Tha t w he n t he re
p o rt w a s m a de t o
Ki n g Ric ha rd ,
t ha t hi s w i ll w a do n e , he ga e
s v S i r J a mes Tyrr ell
k
gre a t t ha n s , bu t t o o k e x c e pt i o n t o t he pl a c e
o f t h e i r b u ri a l ,

b e c a u se t o o b a s e for t he m t ha t w e re Kin g s c hi ldre n W he re u po n ’

.

by t he Ki n g s w a rra
’
a n o t he r n i ght , n t r e n e w e d, t he i r bo di e s w e re

re m o v ed by t he P r i est of the To we r , a nd b u ri e d by hi m i n so m e

of t he P r iest s de a t h s o o n a ft er )
pla w hi c h (y
b c ou ld
’
ce, m ea ns

n ot be k n o wn H ist o r y ,
Ki n g H e n r y VII
p 1 23, .
, .

t u rn t o t he Li fe n d D e a t h o f Ki n
If w e n ow a
g Ri c ha rd III i n .

t he 1 6 2 3 F o l i o , w e fi n d a n e x t ra o rdi n a r yp a ra ll e l i n s om e o f t he

de t a i ls t o t hi s pa ssa ge j u st c i t e d .

K Ri c h S h a l l w e he a r fro m t h e e , Tyrre l,
. . e re we sl e e p ?
T yr . Ye sh a ll , m y l ord .

S CE N E 111 .

E n te r TY R RE L .

Ty r Th e ty ra n n o u s a n d bl o o dy de e d i s do n e
. .

T he m o st a rc h a c t o f pi t e o u s m a ssa c re
v
Th a t e er y e t t hi s l a n d w a s g u il t y o f .

F
D i gh t on a n d o rre s t , w h o m I
di d su b orn
T o do t h i s ru t hl e ss u c ery ,
fb t h
e ce o pi
A l t h ou gh t h e y w e re e s fl h d vi ll i
a n s , bl o o dy do gs,
’

M e l t i n g w i th t e n de rn e ss a n d k i n d c o m p a ssi o n
W e pt l i k e t wo c hi l dre n i n t he i r de a t h s sa d st o ri e s
’
.

” “
L o , t h u s , qu o t h D i gh t on , l a y t h o se t e n de r b a b e s
Th u s , t h u s ,
”
q u o th F o rre s t , g i rdli n g o n e a n o t h er

Wi th i n th e ir i n n o c e n t a l a b a st er a rm s

T h e i r l i ps w e re fo u r re d ros es o n a st a lk ,
W hi c h i n t h e i r su m m e r b e a u t y k i ss d e a c h o t h er
’
.

A b o ok o f pra y e rs o n t h e i r pi ll o w l a y
W hi c h o n c e , qu o t h o rre s t ,
”
F
a l m o st c h a n ge d m y m i n d

Bu t O t h e de il v —t h e re t he vi ll a in s t o pp
’
d
Whi ls t Di gh t o n t hu s t o l d o n We sm o t h ere d
T h e m o st re pl e n i sh e d sw e e t w o rk o f n a t u re ,
T h a t fro m t h e p ri m e c re a t i o n e e r sh e fra m e d
’
.

T h u s b o t h a re g o n e w i t h c o n sc i e n c e a n d re m o rse
The y c o u l d n o t s pe a k a n d s o l e ft t h e m b o t h , I
T o b ri n g t his t i di n gs t o t h e bl o o dy ki n g .

A n d h ere h e c o m es .

NG RI HA
E n ter KI C RD .

A l l h il m y v a ,
so e re i gn li e ge
K R ic h Ki n
. . d Ty l m I h ppy i
r re ,
a a n t hy n e ws ?
4 B A C ON S H I S T O R Y O F KI NG H E NR Y VII .

Tyr v
If t o ha e do n e t h e t hi n g y o u ga e i n c ha rge
. v
Be ge t yo u r ha ppi n es s , b e ha ppy t he n ,
Fo r i t i s do n e , m y l o rd .

B u t di ds t t h o u see t h e m de a d
Tyr . I
di d, m y l o rd .

K Ri c h. . An d b u ri ed, g e n t l e Ty rre l ?
T yr The cha p la i n of the T ower ha th bu r ied them
.

B u t ho w or i n w ha t p la ce I do n ot kn ow .

K Ri ch C o m e t o m e, Ty rre l , s oo n a t a ft e r su ppe r,
. .

A n d t ho u sh a l t t e l l t he p roc ess o f t he i r de a t h .

M e a n ti m e , b u t t hi n k ho w m a y do t he e g oo d, I
A n d be i n he ri t or of t hy des i re .

F a re w e l l t ill soo n .

Tyrrell, D ighton , F orrest, a n d t he Cha p la i n of the Tower a re a ll

i n t ro du c e d a s b y a c o n i n hi s h i st o r Bra c e n b u r i s i n t ro y B k
. y
du c e d i n t he pla y ,
bu t o m i tt e d fro m pl y i g a n a n
y p i vy
r
p a rt to

t he m u rde rs a . B con s
’ “
P r iest f
o the Tower i s t he Cha p la i n of
the Tower
”
i n the p la y, a nd bu ri es the bodi es of the P r i nc es, a s B a co n

re la t e s, B
bu t where ( a c o n s t a te s a ga i n ) cou ld n ot be kn ow n
”
.

Th e pl a i n o f t h e T o w e r ha t h b u ri e d t h e m
cha

B u t h o w o r i n w ha t p la c e I do n ot kn o w .

fl
Thi s t r i i n g p a ra l le l go e s fa r t o p ro e w ho w ro t e Ri c ha rd III v .

v
Bu t w e ha e fa r m o re c o n i n c i n g e i de n c e t o a ddu c e t ha t t hi s v v
H i st o r y of Hi n g H e n r y th e Se v e n th wa s w r i tt e n by B a con ex

p re ssl yt o fu r ni sh e v i de n c e o f c o n n e c t i o n
w i t h t he p re c edi n g re i g n

O f Ki n g Ri c ha rd t he T hi rd, i n i t s p l a fo rm a c o n w ri t e s y . B
q
A s fo r c o n u e s t n o t wi t hst a n di n g S i r Wi lli a m S ta n ley, a ft e r s o m e
a c c la m a ti o n s of t he s o ldi e rs i n t he fi e ld, h a d pu t a c ro w n o f o r n a
m en t (w hi c h Ri c ha rd w o re i n t he b a tt l e , a n d w a s fo u n d a m o n gs t
t he s po i ls ) u po n Ki n g H e n r y ’
s he a d a s i f t he r e w e r e hi s c hi e f

t i t le
”
(pa ge 5, “
Hi st o r y Ki g He n r
n y VII .
,
1 6 22 , No w
c o m pa r e t hi s sc e n e a t t he c o n c l u si o n of t he b a t t l e of B o s w o rt h

Ki n g Ri c ha rd III . a n d of t he pla y
SCE N V E . A n o the r p a rt of the fi e ld .

A la ru m E n te r RI C HA R D a nd RI C HM N ; th y fi gh t
O D e . RI C HA RD is s la in
RI HM N BY
. .

Re tr ea t a nd fl ou r i s h . Rc -
en te r C D O D, ER bea ring th e crow n ,

w i th di ve rs oth
e r L or ds .

R i eh m . God a n d y o u r a rm s b e pra i s ed ,
vi c t o ri o u s fri e n ds
Th e da y i s ou rs , t he b l o ody do g is dea d .
 B A C OZV S H I S T O R Y O F K I N G H E NR Y VI I
’
.

D er Co u ra g eou s Ri c hm o n d, w ell ha s t th ou
. a c u it
q the e .

L o , h e re , t h i s l o n g u su rp e d ro y a l t y-

Fro m t h e de a d t e m pl e s o f t h i s b l o o dy wr e tc h

Ha v I pl
e uc kd
’
o ff, t o gra c e t hy b ro w s wi t ha l
We a r i t , en o j y it , a n d m a ke m u c h o f i t .

The Ea rl of De rb y " wa s
ca ll e d a l so L o rd St a n le y ,
a nd is so

de sc ri b e d i n t he li st of Dra m a tis P erson ae a tt a c he d t o t he pla y .

It i s re m a rka bl e t ha t B a co n s
’ “
Hi st o r y of Ki n g H e n r y t he
Se v en th ta k es u
p a l m o st i m m e di a t e l t he c u e y of t he t e t x c on

c lu di n
g t he pla y of Ki n g Ri c ha rd t he Thi rd
0 n o w, l e t Ri c hm on d a nd E li za beth,
The t ru e su c c e e de r s o f e a c h Ro y a l H ou se ,
By G o d s fa i r o rdi n a n c e con j oi n toge the r
’

A n d l e t t h e i r h e i rs (G od i f t h y w ill b e so )
En ri c h t h e t i m e t o co m e w i t h sm o o t h fa c d p e a c e
’
-
.

(E n d o f Pla y) .

Up o n p a ge 3, “
fi
The rst t he t i t l e o f t he La d El i z a b e t h w i t h y
w ho m by preceden t p a c t w i t h t he p a rt t ha t bro u ght hi m i n he wa s y
to m a rry
”
T hi s w a s o n e o f H e n r t he S e e n t h s c la i m s t o t he
. y v ’

t hro n e , t hro u gh u n io n to t he H o u se ofk Yo r e . B a con dw e lls pa ge

a ft e r pa ge u p o n L a d Eli z a be t h, a n na y
u po n d fi lly a
p g e 1 6 g i e s u s v
t he m a rri a ge i t s e lf M a n hi sto ri a n s w o u ld ha v e
. y c om m e n c ed t he

hi st o r y a ft e r t he u n ion of t he t w o Ro se s . Bu t B a con b et ra y s in
e v y li
er ne o f t hi s w o r k f m ili i t y w it h t h hi t y f t h p
a a a r e s or o e re

c e di n g re i gn s , w hi c h v ye w d th
er gino it w
a n th en ves a s e re a re a d
ou t of t he t e x t u re of t h pl y A b t t hi t i m
e a s t h Ki ou s e e n
g
ca lle d u n t o h i s p ri v y il J h M t
c ou n c d Ri h d F
o n th o r on a n c a r or , e on e

bi sho p o f Ely, t he o t he r bi sho p of Ex e t e r, v i gi la n t m en , a nd

se c re t .
”
In t he pl a y of Ri c ha rd t he T hi rd w e m e e t w i t h t hi s
M orton , Bi shOp of E ly . T he yh a d be e n bo t h v e rse d i n hi s a fi a i rs
’

b e fo re b e ca m e t o t he Cro w n , a nd w e re p a r ta k e rs o f hi s a d v e rs e

fo rt u n e ”
(p 1.6,
H i st o r
“
o f Ki n
g H en r y y Bu t w ha t so e v e r
e l se wa s i n t he m a n , he de se rv e t h a m o st ha pp ym em or y ,
i n t ha t
he w a s the p ri n cip a l mea n o fj oi n i n g the two Roses (p .

Th e p o e t i s n o t c orre c t i n c a ll i n g S ta n l e y De rb y o n t h e fi e l d o f Bo sw o rt h .

S t a n l e y w a s n o t c re a t e d Ea rl o f D e rb y t ill s o m e w e ek s a ft er t h e b a t t l e , b y
H e n ry VII, vi z ,
. u o n 2 7 t h O c t o b e r 1 4 85
; . .
6 B A C O N S H I S T O R Y O F KI NG H E NR Y VI I .

M ort o n is fled t o Ri c h m o n d .

Ri c h a rd III iv .

A n d Ki n g Ri c ha rd e x c la im s

E ly w i t h Ri c hm o n d t ro u bl e s m e m o re n ea r.

T ha n B u c k i n g ha m a nd h is ra s h v
l e i ed s t re n gt h .
(I h ) .

S o m e w ri t e rs c o n s i de r t ha t C a rdi n a l M o rt o n wa s t he a u t ho r o f

Ri c ha rd III .
,
w ri t t e n i n L a t i n , a nd w hi c h w a s t ra n sla t ed by Si r
Tho m a s M o re . It i s fro m t hi s w o r k th a t t he a c cou n t of Ri c ha rd
ha s b e e n ta k en by su c c e e di n g c hro n i c le rs, to w ho m t he P o e t
se e m s i n de b t e d fo r hi s m a t e ri a ls .

I n t he fo u rt h a ct t he fi rs t n e w s o f t he a pp ea ra n ce of Ri c hm o n d
(a ft e rw a rds He n r y Vl l ) i s . bro u ght b y Ra t c li fle
'

a nd L o rd
S ta n le y
Ra t . M ost m i gh t y S o vere i gn o n t h e w es t e rn c oa s t

Ri de t h pu i s sa n t n a y t o o u r sh o re s
a v
T h ro n g m a n y do u b t fu l h o ll o w h e a rte d fri e n ds , -

U n a rm d a n d u n re so l v d t o b e a t t h e m ba c k ,
’ ’

T i s t ho u ght t ha t Ri c h m o n d i s t he i r dm i ra l
’
a .

S t i rr d by D orse t, B u c ki n gha m , M or ton

’
S ta n . up a nd

H e m a k e s fo r En gla n d, here t o c la i m t he c ro w n .

(Ac t i v . 80 .

Thi s i s u po n
p a
g e 1 99 of t he F o li o , a nd u
po n
p a
g e 1 99 a lso of

B a co n s
’ “
Hi st o r y of Ki n g He n ry t he Se v e n th
”
i s t he pa ssa ge
c i ted a bo u t M o r t o n , Bi sho p o f Ely :
“
He ha d be e n by Ri c ha rd
t he T hi rd c o m m it t ed (a s in c u st o d y) t o t he Du k e of B ki uc gh a m
n ,

w ho m he did sec re tly i n ci te to revo lt from Ki n g Ri cha rd . Bu t a ft e r

t he Du k e wa s en a
g g e d a nd t ho u ght t he bi sho p sh o u ld ha ve be e n
hi s c hi e f p i lo t i n t he t e m pe st , t he bi sho p w a s go t t e n i n t o t he
coc kb-
oa t , a n d fle d o v e r b e o n d se a s y
Bu t w ha t so e v e r e lse w a s .

i n t he m a n, he de s erv e t h a m o st ha pp y m em or y ,
i n tha t he wa s

the p ri nc ip a l m ea n of j oi n i n g the two roses

”
(p . 1 9 9, “
Hi sto r y of

Ki n g He n r y th e S e v e n t h,
”
1 62 2, fi rst e di t i o n , a nd a ls o p . 1 9 9,
1 64 1 )
Ra t c l i fle
'

a nd Ca t e sb y ,
w ho pla y a c o n s i de rable pa rt i n t he pla , y
a re m e n t i o n e d by B a c o n u po n pa ge 1 3, t o ge t he r wi t h Lo rd Lo v e l
 B A C ON S II I S T O R Y OF K I N G H E NR Y VI I
’
.
7

a nd t he D u k e of No rfol k (a lso bo th c ha ra c t e rs i n t he Tra ge d y) ,

”
a s a tta i n t e d by pa rli a m e n t a s e n em i e s t o t he Ki n g . U po n
p a ge 1 5 B a c on m e n t i on s Do rse t .
“
The Ki n g se n t fo rt hw i t h
m on e yt o r e de e m t he M a rqu e ss o f Do rse t a nd S i r J ohn Bo ur c hi e r .

All t hi s, o f c o u rse , i s hi st or y ,
bu t hi st o r y m a y b e t re a t e d m a n y
wa y k
i t i s st ri i n g t o fi n d a c o n , a s i t w e re , dw e lli n g
s, a n d B u po n

sm a ll
p o i n t s, a n d u p o n p e o pl e i n t ro du c e d i n t he pla y B . a c on

dw e lls a
g rea t de a l u
p o n t he r e la tion s of t he Ki n g t o B itt y i
r a n n

t hi s hi st o r y
Ik n ow t h e B re ta gn e Ri c hm on d a i m s
~
.

“
( Ri c h a rd III .
, a ct iv . so .

Up o n pa g e 4 7 a c o n s a s
k
D u e o f O rl e a n s, w ho ga v e
B y : All t hi n gs w e re di re c t e d by t he
a u di e n c e t o t he c ha p la i n U rsvvi c k
”
.

If w e l o o k Dra ma ti s P erso na e pr e fi e d t o t he
a t t he l i st of x
y ”
T ra ge d o f Ki n g Ri c ha rd t he Thi rd, w e fi n d o n e C H R I ST O P H ER
U RSW I CK, a p r ie st The s e a re de t a i ls w hi c h t w o w ri t e rs n o t
.
‘

a ctin
g in c o l la b ora t i o n (o r n o t i de n t i c a l ) w o u ld ha rdl yb o t h re p e a t
i n t hi s w a y The a ffa i rs o f t hi s Du e o f O rle a n s a re a ga i n m e n
. k
t i o n e d i n t he pla of
“
y
Ki n g H e n r t he Ei ght h
”
U po n pa ge y .

B
6 2 a c o n w ri t e s o f a b a t t l e o f Sa i n t Al ba n fo u ght i n ri t t a n , B y
w he re t he Du k e of O rl e a n s a nd t he Pri n c e of Ora n ge w e re
ta k p ri s o n e rs
en .
”

y
The pla o f Ki n g H e n r y th e Ei ght h c o m m e n c e s u p on p a
ge

2 05 of t he 1 62 3 F o li o (Hi st o ri e s) . U p o n p a ge 205 a l so o f t hi s
H i st o r y of Ki n g H e n r y t he S e v e n t h,
”
B
a c o n w ri t e s :
“
T he r e
wa s a dou bt r i pp e d u p i n t he t i m e s fo ll o w i n g w he n t he di v o rc e

of Ki n g H e n r y th e Ei ght h fro m t he La d Ka t ha ri n e di d y so m u ch

y th w
bu s e o rld, w he t he r A rt hu r w a s b e dde d w i t h hi s la d y or n o ,

wh by t h
e re a t m a t t e r i n fa c t (o f l kn owledge) m i ght b e m a de
ca rn a

p a rt o f t he c a se .
”
T hi s i s a -
y
hi n t w o r th n o t e , b e c a u se t he pla y
of Ki n g He n r y t he Ei ght h a lm o st e n t i re l y r evol v es u po n t he

Arra go n fro m t he Ki n g Ev Wo lse y s ’

di v o rc e of Ka t h a ri n e of . en

fa ll i s i n v o lv e d i n t he s e c r e t o pp o si t i o n h e se t i n mo ti o n wi t h

r e ga rd t o t he Ki n g s
’
ma rri a ge w i th A n n e Bly o e n .

A t t he com m en ce m en t of t he H i st o r y f Ki o n
g H e nr y t he
 B A C ON S H I S T OR Y OF K ING H E NR Y VI I
’
.

Se v e n t h,
”
B a c on re vi e w s t he l ife a n d c ri m e s o f Ri c ha rd t he Th ird .

It i s ve r y st ri ki n y
g to fi n d a l m o st e ve r t hi n g re p e a t e d t ha t w e
fi n d i n t he “
Tra y
ge d o f Ki n g Ric ha rd t he Thi rd
”
The e x e .

c u ti o n er o f Ki n g H e n ry the S ix th (t ha t i n n o c en t pr in ce ) w i th his
own ha nds ; t he c o n t riv e r o f t he Du k e of Cl a re n c e , his bro the r ;
t he m u rde re r of hi s t w o t he m hi s l a w fu l ki n g
n e phe w s
(
on e of In

t he pre se n t , t he o t he r i n t he fu t u re fa i li n of hi m ) , a n d v e he
g
m e n t ly s u sp e c t e d t o ha ve b e e n t he i m p ort u n e r of h is wife , the reby
to ma ke va ca n t his bed a f
ore ma rria ge w i t hi n t he degrees f orbidde n .

A ga i n , He w a s n ot w i t ho u t s e c re t t ra i n s a nd m i n e s t o t u rn
Env y a nd H a tre d u po n hi s b ro t he r s go v e rn m e n t ; a s ha vi n g a n ’

e x e c t a t i on a n d a
p k
i n d o f Di v i n a t i o n , t ha t t he Ki n g , b y re a so n
o f hi s m a n y
di sorde rs, c ou ld n o t be o f lo n g life , b u t w a s l i e t o k
le a v e hi s son s o f t e n de r y e a rs 5 a nd t he n he k n ew w e ll ho w ea s y
a st e
p i t w a s fro m t he pla c e o f a Pro t e c t o r a n d rs t P ri n c e o f t he fi
B loo d t o t he Cro wn
”
The w o rds “
degrees fo
. rbidden a re pla c e d

i n i t a li c s No w a l l t he se po i n ts a re pro m i n e n tl bro u ght fo rw a rd

. y
i n t he pl a of y
Ki n g Ri c ha rd t he Thi rd
“
In t he fo u rt h a c t .
”

( s c e n e 4 ) Ri c ha rd r
p po o se s t o u e e n E li za b e t h he s ho Q
u ld w e d he r

da u ght e r, w ho w a s n i e c e t o Ki n g Ri c ha rd, a n d t he re fo re t he
u ni o n wa s wi thi n the degrees for bidden .
”
Eli za b e t h w a s Q ue e n to

Edw a rd t he F o u rt h, t he bro t he r t o Ri c ha rd t he Thi rd, w ho t he re

fore st o o d a s u n c le t o he r i ssu e .

Qu ee n E li z Wh a t . w ere Ib es t to y l h er fa t he r s b ro t h er,
sa
‘ ’

Wo ul d b e h e r L o rd ? or sha ll I sa y he r u n c le ?
(Ac t i v so . .

Bu t w e e v en fin d t he sa me c ha rge la i d by t he Q ue e n a
ga i ns t
Ri c ha rd B
by a c o n , a n d fo r t he
a s ,
t he sa m e m o t i v e , v iz . m a i ngk
a wa y o f hi s w ife An n e t o m a k
e ro o m fo r t he da u ght e r o f Q u ee n

Eli z a be t h
T e ll h er t h o u m a des t a w a y h er u n c l e Cla ren ce ,
v
H e r u n c l e Ri e rs y ea a n d f or her sa k e,
M a des t qu ick con veya nce w i th her good A u n t A n n e .

(Ac t i v . 80 .

Thi s pa ra ll e l i s n o t e xpla i n e d a wa by a sc ribi n g t he s e fa c ts t o y

hi st or y y
Fo r ho w m a n Dra m a t i st s pu t to w or t o w ri t e a pla
. k y
 B A C OIV S H I S T O R Y O F KI N G H E NR Y VII
’
.

of Ki n g Ri c ha rd t he T hi rd s li fe
’

,
w o u ld repe a t e xa c tl y by c ha n c e

w ha t so m e H i st o ri a n w a s w ri t i n g u po n t he sa me re i
g n ? It i s
e v i de n t B a con i n t ro du c e s t he se p o i n t s o n pu rpo se t o pre s e n t

pro o fs of hi s a u t horshi p o f t he pla y q

i n u e st i o n , by m ea n s of iden ti ty
of trea tm e n t . T he se p o i n t s a re only de ta il s of H i st o r y ,
n ot

i m p o rt a n t or le a di n g e ve n t s, a nd ye t t he p a ra lle li s m i s c o m pl e t e ,

a nd t he pla yi s t re a t e d i n a c ti o n , a s t he Hi st o r y of Ri c ha rd s l i fe
’

is re co rde d by B a con .

I sa y a g a in gi e ou t v
Th a t A n n e m y qu ee n i s s i c k , a n d lik e t o di e .

A b o u t i t , fo r i t st a n ds m e m u c h u po n

T o st o p a ll h o pes , w h o se g ro wt h m a y da m a ge m e .

I m u st b e m a rri e d t o m y b ro t h e r s da u gh t e r,
’

O r e l se m y k i n gdo m st a n ds o n b ri t t l e gl a ss .

(A c t i v . so .

In t he pla y of Ki n g He n r y th e Ei ght h w e fi n d t he Du k e

B k u c i n ha m
g on hi s w a y t o e x ti
ecu o n sp e a ki n
g a s fo ll o w s

v
H e n ry t h e S e e n t h su c c e e di n g t ru l y pi t y i n g,
M y fa t h e r s l o ss l ik e a m o st ro ya l p ri n c e
’

’
Restor d m e to m y hon ou r s a n d ou t of ru i n s
l I a de m y na m e o nce m or e n o ble .

(Ac t 11 . so .

In B a c on s
’
Hi st o r y of Ki n g H e n ry t he S e v e n th “
T he
Ki n g di d a lso w i t h gre a t n o bl e n e ss a n d b o u n t y (w hi ch Ve rt u e s a t
t ha t t i m e ha d t he i r t u rn s i n hi s na t u re ) r e st o r e Edw a rd S t a ffo rd

(e lde st so n to He n r y ,
Du k f B ki
e o uc n
g h a m , a tt a i n t e d i n t he t i m e

of Ki n g Ri c ha rd) n ot on l y t hi dig
o s n i ti es, bu t t o hi s fortu n es a n d

p ossessi on s, w hi c h w e re gre a t , t o w hi c h h e w a s m o e d a lso by a v

k i n d o f gra t it u de , for t ha t t he D u e wa s the m a n tha t m oved the k
first ston e a ga i n st the tyra nny o f Ki n g Ri cha rd, a n d, i n de e d, m a de
”
t he Ki n g a bri dge t o t he Cro w n u po n hi s ow n ru i n s (p .

C o m pa re B ki uc n
gha m
'
s w o rds Ki n g He n r y a ct u . so .

My n o bl e fa t h er H e nr y of Bu c ki n gh a m ,
Who fi rst r a i s ed hea d a ga i ns t u su rp i n g Ri c ha r d .

y
In t he pla o f Ri c ha rd t he Thi rd w e fin d B ki uc n
gha m pre
se n t e d y
pla i n g e x a c t l s u c h a pa rt a s y B a c on a sc rib e s t o hi m ,
t ha t i s i n t he s e c o n d sc e n e o f t he fo u rt h a ct —W he re ,
a ft e r le a rn ,
IO B A C ON S H I S T O R Y O F K I N G H E NR Y VI I .

i n g Do rse t ha s fle d t o Ri c hm o n d, a nd be i n g t hre a te n e d (o n a c c ou n t

of hi s w ife
’
s so n S ta n le y ) by Ri c ha rd t he Thi rd, e x c la i ms

B uck . A n d i s i t t hu s ? re pa ys he m y dee p se r vi ce

Wi t h su ch c o n t e m pt ? m a de I hi m ki n
g fo r t his ?
0 l e t m e t hi n k H a s t i n gs a n d b e g o n e
on

To Bre c kn oc k , w hil e m y fea rfu l h ea d i s o n .

E v yp
er oi n t p ro m i n ent y
i n t he pla i s p ro m i n e n t l a llu de d t o by y
B a con , a n d it se e m s y v
m o st pa lpa bl e i de n t t he se pa ra lle ls a re p u r

p o se ly i n t rodu c e d t o fu rn i sh p ro o fs o f a u t ho rshi
p .

Ba c o n w ri t e s t ha t Ri c ha rd, w he n Du k e of G lo u c e st e r, wa s n ot

w i t ho u t s e c re t t ra i n s a nd m i n e s t o t u rn en v y a nd ha t re d u po n hi s
’
bro t he r s go v e rn m e n t ,
”
a nd t ha t he re fl e c t e d u po n t he Ki n g s
’

volup tuo u s life a n d m ea n ma rri a ge .

G l ou . Ay , Edwa rd w ill u se w o m e n h o n o u ra b l y .

W o u l d he w e re w a s t e d, m a rro w , bo n e s a nd a ll ,
Th a t fro m hi s l o i n s no h o p e fu l b ra n c h m a y s pri n g .

(A c t i i i 8 0 2 , T h i rd Ki n g H e nry Si t h
. . x .

A po st s c ri pt t o a le t t e r (da t e d S e pt e m be r 5 t h, 1 6 2 1 ) a ddre sse d

t o J a m e s t he F i rs t by B
a c o n , ru n s a s fo llo w s

Ca rdi n a l W o ls e y
sa i d, t ha t if he ha d pl e a se d G o d a s he

pl e a se d t he Ki n g , he ha d n ot be e n ru i n e d . My c o n sc i e n c e sa ith
n o such t hi n g fo r Ik n o w n ot bu t i n se rv i n g
y o u, I ha ve se rv e d

G od i n on e Bu t i t m a y b e , i f ha d pl e a s e d G o d,
. I a s Ih a d pl e a se d

y o u, v
i t w o u ld ha e b e e n b e tt e r w i t h m e
”
.

T hi s i s re p ea t e d i n t he pla y of Ki n g He n r y t h Eighth e ,
”
a ct

t he t hi rd, fi na l sc e n e , w he re Ca rdi n a l Wo lse y x l im

*
e c a s

O C ro m w e ll , Cro m w e ll
I v
H a d b u t s e r e d m y G od w i t h h a lf t h e z ea l
I v
se r e d m y k i n g , h e w ou ld n o t i n m i n e a ge

H v l
a e e ft me na k ed t o m i n e e n e m i e s.

O n e m o n t h la t e r B a c on wri t e s a
ga i n t o t he Ki n g, t hi s t i m e
m e n t i o n i n g hi s i n t e n t i o n t o w ri te t hi s
“
y
H i st o r o f Ki n g He n r y
”
t he S e v e n t h

Ca rdi n a l Wo l s e y he ld t he re ve n u es o f se v e ra l b is ho pri cs a n d of t he ri c h

Ab b e y of S t Alb a n s.
 B A C ON S H I S T O R Y O F K I N G H E NR Y VI I
’
. II

T o t he Ki n g .

It m a y pl e a se o u r m o st y e x c e ll e n t M a j e st y ,

I v y
do e r hu m bl t ha n y ky our Maj ty f y es or o ur gra c i o u s r e
m i ss i o n of m y fin e . I c a n n ow , I th k G d d a n o a n
y o u , di e , a n d
ma k w i ll
e a .

Id i te s re o do , fo r t he li t t l e t i m e G o d sha ll se n d m e li fe , li k e

t he m e r c ha
'

n ts of L o n do n , w hi c h, w he n t he y gi v e ov er t ra de , l a y

ou t t he i r m o n e y u p on la n d . S o , b e i n g fre e d fro m c i v il bu si n e ss ,
Il a
y f o rt h m y p o o r t a l e n t u p o n t ho s e t hi n s, w hi c h m a
g y b e p e r

p e t u a l, st i ll ha i n
g r e l a t i v
o n t o do
y o u h o n o u r w i t h t ho s e p o w e rs

I v
ha e l e ft
Ih v a e t he re fo re c ho s e n t o w ri t e t h e re i
g n of Ki n g H e n r y th e

VIIt h, w ho w a s in a s o rt y ou r fo re ru n n e r, a n d w ho s e sp i ri t , a s

w e ll a s hi s blo o d, i s do u bl e d u po n y ou r Ma j ty es .

“
I du rst n ot ha ve p re su m e d t o i n t re a t y our Ma j ty t l k
es o oo

o ve r t he b o o k ,
a n d c o rr e c t it, or a t l e a st t o gsi n i fy w h t y a ou

w o u ld ha v e a m e n de d . Bu t si n c e
y o u a re pl e a se d t o se n d fo r t he
bo o k I w i ll h p f
, o e or it .

[G d k w t h
o no e ,
w he t h e r e v e r I sha ll se e yo u a
gai n ; bu t I
p ra y f y t th
or ou o e la st ga sp, r e st i n g ]
“
y
T he sa m e , o u r t r u e b e a dsm a n ,
“
FR . Sr ALB AN .

O c t ob er 8 , 1 62 1 .

O n e da y w he n Ki n g He n r t he S i x t h (w ho s e i n n o c e n c e ga e y v
hi m ho li n e ss ) w a s w a shi n g hi s ha n ds a t a gre a t fe a st , a n d c a st hi s
e
ye u po n Ki n g H e n r y ,
t he n a y ou n g y o u t h, he sa i d, Thi s i s the
la d tha t sha ll p ossess qu i etly tha t tha t we n ow stri ve f or (p 4 7 ,
2 .

“
H i st o r y o f Ki n g H e n r t he S e e n t h,
"
y v T hi s i s re
p e a t ed

i n t he e s sa y of P ro phe c i e s .
”
A n d i n t he t hi rd p a rt o f t he pla y
of Ki n g H e n r y th e S i x t h, t he Ki n g sa s t o Ri c hm o n d y .

Co m e hi t he r E n gl a n d s h o pe
’
.
[L a ys hi s ha n d on hi s hea d ]
p o w e rs If se c re t

Su gg es t bu t t ru t h t o m y di i n i n g t h o u gh t s , v
T h i s pre t t y l a d w i l l pro e o u r c o u n t ry s bl is s v ’
.

H i s l o o k s a re fu ll o f pe a c e fu l m a j e s t y ,
H i s h e a d by na t u re fra m e d t o w e a r a c ro w n ,
 B A C OJ VS H I S T O R Y O F KI NG H E NR Y VI I
’
1 2 .

H i s ha n d t o w i e l d a s c e pt re , a n d h i m se l f
L i k e ly i n t i m e to b l ess a re ga l t hro n e .

M a k e m u c h o f hi m , m y l o rds , fo r t his i s h e
M us t he l p y o u m o re t ha n y o u a re hu rt by m e .

(Ac t i v . se .

y
Thi s pa ra lle l a lr e a d ha s b e e n n o t i c e d by s o m e o t he r r i t e rs w
bu t i t c a n n o t be o m i t t e d, s e e i n g e v ide n c e o f t hi s i n d i s n o t w o rt h k
m u c h de t a c he d o r si n g l e . In t he pla y of Ri c ha rd t he T hi rd,
t he Ki n g sa y s

Ri c h . Id o re m e m b e r m e H e n ry t he S i x t h
Di d p r op hesy , t ha t Ri c h a rd s h o u ld be k i n g ,
Wh e n Ri c h m o n d w a s a l i t t le pe e vis h b o y,
A ki n g pe rha ps .
(Ac t i v . se .

It m a y b e s e e n t ha t B
a c o n pla c e s t hi s pre di c t i o n i n hi s Essa y
”
of P rop he c ies , a s Ri c ha rd t e rm s i t .

B a c o n sa y s of Ki n g He n r y VII . : He r e st e t h o n t he t i t l e of

L a n c a st e r i n t he m a i n , u si n g t he m a rri a ge a n d v ic t or y as su p

p o rt e rs .
”
In t he t hi rd pa rt o f Ki n g H e n r “
y th e Si x th,
”
a ct iv .

“
s c e n e 6, t he Ea rl o f Ri c hm o n d i s i n t ro du c e d u n de r t he te nder
c a re
”
of t he D u k e of S o m e rse t , t he la st m a le o f t he B e a u fo rt s, t he

Ki n g s ’
n ea r ki n sm a n , t hro u gh w ho m He n r y T u do r fo u n de d hi s
c la i m s t o t he t hro n e . Hen r y VII . a do pt e d fo r on e of hi s c hi e f

ba dge s t he c o gn i z a n ce of t he B e a u fo rts , a p o r t c u l li s, w i t h t he

m o tt o A lt e r a T his p ro e s ho w e x a c t l t he s t u d o f v y y
m i n u te poi n t s o f Hi st o r re e c t e d i n y fl
t he p la s a re re e c t e d y fl
a ga i n by a c o n B . The re w a s n o n e e d o f i n t ro du c i n g t he Ea rl o f
Ri c hm o n d i n t hi s pla y a t a ll u n l e ss fo r t he sa k e of t he p ro p he c y
o f Ki n
g H en r V I y . T hi s p ro phe c y B ,
a con ,
as we ha v e sa id,
re p e a t s i n hi s E ssa y of
“
P ro phe c i e s .
”
It i s q u ite a n ou t of - -
t he

wa y st u d y . Du gda le , q u o t in g fro m P o lydo re Vi rgi l, sa s : y

“
F i n di n g H e n r y ,
Ea rl of Ri c hm o n d, i n t he c u st od o f Wi lli a my
’
H e rb e rt s w i do w , he brou ght hi m fro m he r, a n d ca rri ed ,
hi m t o
Ki n g He n r y ,
w ho , l o o ki n g po n hi m p ro phe t i ca ll , s a id, This i s
u y
he who sha ll qu i etly p ossess wha t we a nd o ur a dversa ri es do n ow co n ten d
’

for .

“
S e e pa ge 1 9 5 , N o tes on th e Cha ra c te rs i n Sha kes pea re s
’
Pla ys .

(Tre n c h ,
 B A C O N S H I S T O R Y OF KIN G H E NR Y VI I . 1 3

T he re c e i v e d O pi n i o n t ha t t he su pp o se d a u t ho r o f the pla y s

dre w hi s m a t e ri a ls e n t i re l y a n d onl yf ro m H o li n she d, St o w , a nd

G ra ft o n i s e rr o n e ou s . The st u dy d v t e o ed t o t he c om
p osi t i on of

t he se c hro n i c l e ypla s i n b y pa t hs o f hi st o r i s a p o w e rfu l a rgu

-
y
i n st Sh k e spe a re s a u t ho rshi h a t i s, i f w e a re t o
’
m en t a ga a p ; t

a c c e pt w ha t l i t t l e w e k n ow of hi s li fe a s c o rre c t . B e c a u se t he
m o re e xt e n si v e t he e v ide n c e of w i de re se a rc h a n d r e a di n g t he ,

m o re di fl
i cu l t i s i t t o re c o n c i le t he se fa c t s w i t h S ha k e spe a re s
'

li fe ,
w hi c h w a s m o re or l e ss a n a ct i v e st ru ggl e for m o n e y . F or ex

a m pl e , t he dre a m oi Ri c ha rd III b e fo re t he ba t t l e
. of B o s w o rt h

is r e c ou n t e d by t he o ld w ri t e rs P o ly do re Vi rgi l, C ro la n d y
“
C hro n i c l e , H a ll, & c t ha t t he n i ht b e fo re t he ba t t l e he ha d a
.
, g
”
dre a dfu l a n d t e rri bl e dre a m .

T he w ho l e of t he pla y of
“
Ki n g H e n ry t he E ight h m a y be

sa id t o c o m pri se t he rise of An n e Bly o e n, a nd t he di v o rc e of

Q u een Ka t ha r i n e by t he Ki n g . We mea n, t hi s i s t he e po c h

e m b ra c e d . F o r i n t he t hi rd sc e n e of t he se c o n d a c t An n e B ly o e n

is c re a ted M a r c hi o n e ss, a nd t h e pl a y t mier na t e s w i t h t he bi rt h of

E li z a b e t h, a n d Cr a n m e r p
’
s ro
p he c y fh o er fu t u re re i
g n . The
Di v o rc e of Q u een Ka t ha r i n e a nd t he C o ro n a t i o n o f he r ri v a l
fo rm n ot only di st i n gu i shi n g fe a t u re s of t h e p la y , b u t t he fa ll of

N
Vo ls e y re a lly t ur n s u po n hi s O p po si n g se c re t l y th e a d v a n cem en t

of An n e Bly o e n . In B a con s
’ “
Hi s t o r y of Ki n g H e n r y t he

Se v e n th
”
h e w rit e s :
“
The F e bru a r y fo l lo w i n g, H e n r yD k u e of

Yo r k e wa s c re a t e d P ri n c e of Wa l e s a nd Ea rl of C he st e r a n d
Fli n t . F o r t he Du k e do m of C o rn w a ll de v lv
o ed to hi m by
st a tu te . T he Ki n g a l s o b e i n g fa s t ha n de d, a nd l o a t h t o pa r t w i t h
a se c o n d do w r y ,
bu t c hi e fly b ei n
g a ffe c t i o n a t e bo t h by hi s n a t u re

a n d ou t of o l i t i c c o n si de ra ti o n s t o c on tin u e t he a lli a n ce w ith

p
S pa i n , pr e v a ile d w it h t he P ri n c e (t ho u gh n ot w i t ho u t som e

re l u c t a t i o n su c h a s c o u ld b e i n t ho s e y e a rs , fo r he w a s n ot

twel v y e e a rs of a ge ) to be con tra c ted w i th the P ri n cess Ka tha r i n e .

The sec ret p r ovi den ce of God orda i n i n g tha t m a rr a i ge to be the occa si on
o f g r ea t even ts a n d cha n g es . Kin g H e n r y p .

It i s e vid en t t he a u t ho r of t he pla y of
“
He n r y t he Ei gh t h
”
 B A C O IVS H I S T O R Y O F K IN G H E NR Y VI I
’
I 4 .

t ho u ght t he sa m e t hi n g (t he w o rds pla c e i n i ta li c s ), fo r

we

a lt ho u gh C a rdi n a l Wo lse y s ’
ri se a n d fa ll s ta n d
p ro m i n e n t l o u t i n y
t he pla y ,
ne v e r t he le s s Q ueen Ka t he ri n e a nd he r di v o rc e a re re a y
ll
t he sp ri n gs a n d m ot i v es u po n w hi c h t he i n t ri gu i n g of p a rt i e s a n d
t he pl e a su re a nd di sple a s u re of t he Ki n g re v lv
o es . D i re c tl y
y th
He n r e Ei ght h fi n ds Wo ls e y o ppo s i n g hi s m a rr ia g e w i t h A n n e
Bly ho e n, e d isgra ces hi m .

The Du k es o f No rfo lk a nd S u ffo l k ,

bo t h en vi ou s o f W o lse y s ’

p o w e r, t hu s con v e rse

Nor . Be li e v e i t , t hi s i s tru e .

v
In t he Di o rc e , hi s c o n t ra ry p ro c e e di n gs
Ar e a ll u n fo lde d w he re i n h e a ppe a rs
As I
w o u ld w is h m i n e e n e m y .

Su r . How ca me
H i s pra c t i ce s t o l i gh t ?
M o st s t ra n ge l y .

Su r . Oh h o w ? h o w ?
S uf Th e Ca rdi n a l s l e t t e rs t o t he P o pe m i sca rri e d,
’
.

' ’ ’
An d c a m e t o t h e y e 0 t h k i n g , w h e re i n w a s rea d
H o w t ha t t h e C a rdi n a l di d e n t rea t h i s H o li n e ss
T o s ta y t h e j u dgm e n t 0 t h Di orc e, & c
’ ’
v .

(A c t iii . sc e n e

The of W o l se y a l m o st i mm e di a t e l y follo w s i n t h i s a ct .

U po n pa ge 2 2 7 a B co n i n t ro du c e s W o ls e y i n t o hi s hi st o r y th us

“
T he sa m e e a r li y k e w i se t he re pro c e e de d a t re a t y of ma rri a ge
b e t w e e n t he Ki n g a nd t he L a d yM a r
g a re t , Du c he ss Do w a ge r of

Sa vo y ,
o nl y da u ght e r t o M a xi m i li a n , a n d s i st e r t o t he Ki n g of

C a st i l e , a nd t he re i n w a s e m pl o e d fo r hi s y fi p i e c e t he Ki n g s
rst
’

”
t he n Cha pla i n , a nd a f ter the g rea t P rela te, Thom a s l Volsey It i s .

v er y c u ri o u s B a con shou ld i n t ro du c e Wo lse y li k e t hi s, a nd no

m o re b e fo u n d w ri t te n u po n hi s c a re e r .

Ki n g He n ry t he Ei ght h i s pr e se n t e d in t he p la y a s q u e st i o n i n
g
t he legi ti ma cy of hi s da u ghter M a ry (i n sc e n e 4 , a ct ii ) ,
a n d on

he ha d m a rri e d hi s bro t he r s w ife Ka t ha ri n e

’
t he gro u n ds t ha t :

No w ,
w ha t m o e d m e v
I w ill b b o l d w i t h t i m e a n d y ou r a t t e n t i o n
e

Th e n m a rk t h e i n du c e m e n t T hu s i t ca m e .
gi v e hee d to t
My c o n s c i e n c e fi rs t rece i ed a t e n dern ess , v
 B A C OIV S H I S T O R Y O F KI NG H E NR Y
’

’
S c ru pl e , d pri c k o n c e rt a i n spe e c h e s u tt er d
a n

By t h e Bi sh o p o f Ba y o n n e , t h e n re n c h a m b a ssa do r F
Who h a d b e e n hi t h e r se n t o n t h e de ba t i n g
x
A m a rri a ge t wi t t h e Du k e o f O rl e a n s a n d
’

O u r da u gh t e r M a ry : i t h e pro gre ss o f t h i s b u s i n e ss ,
’

Ere a de t erm i n a t e re so l u t i o n , h e ,
I m e a n t h e b i sh o p , di d re qu i re a re spi t e

Wh e re i n h e m i gh t t h e k i n g hi s l o rd a d ve rt is e

Whe the r ou r da u ghte r w er e l egi ti m a te ,

Res pe c t i n g t hi s ou r m a rri a g e w i t h t h e do w a ge r,
’
Som etim e s o ur bro t h e r s w i fe .

B a c on de v o t e s a n e n t ir e p a g e t o t hi s j
su b e c t , a n d w ri t e s u po n

p ge
a 2 05 (Ki n g Hen r y VIII . lso pa g e 2 05 ,
c om m en c es Hi sa
“

“
t o ri e s The r e w a s a do u b t ri pp e d u p i n t he t i m e s fo ll o w i n g,

w he n t he di v o rc e o f Ki n g H e n r V y III
fro m t he La d Ka t ha ri n e
. y
di d so m u c h bu s y t he w o rld, w he t he r Ar t hur w a s b e dde d wi t h
hi s la d y or n o, w he r e b y t ha t m a tt e r i n fa c t (o f c a rn a l k n ow

l e dge ) m i ght b e m a de p a rt o f t he c a s e . An d i t i s t ru e t ha t t he
y
l a d he r se lf de n i e d i t , o r a t l e a st he r c o u n s e l st o o d u o n
p it, a nd

w o u ld n ot bla n c h t ha t a dv a n ta ge , lthough the p len itu de of the

a

P op e s p ower f disp en s in g wa s the m a i n qu esti on A n d t hi s dou b t

’
o .

wa s k e pt lo n g O p e n , In r e sp e c t o f t he t w o Q u een s t ha t su c c e e de d

Ma r y a ndEli z a b e t h, w ho s e l e gi t i m a t i o n s we re i n c omp a ti ble on e

w ith a n othe r, t ho u h t he i r su c c e ss i o n
g w a s s e t tle d b
y A c t of
”
P a rli a m e n t (p .

In a l e t t e r t o J a m e s t he Fi rst (da t e d F e b . 1 1 , 1 6 1 4, p . 7 2,
L e t t e r s,
”
1 7 02 ) B a c on w ri t e s
“
An d I p u t t he D u k e of

B ki uc gh a m s c a s e , w ho sa i d, Tha t if the Ki n g (He n r

n
’
t h e Ei ght h) y
”
ca u sed hi m to be a rr ested of trea son he wou ld sta b hi m Thi s .

i n c i de n t i s i n t ro du c e d i n t he pla y of Ki n g He n r y th e Ei ght h .

”
S u rv . Aft e r t h e Du k e hi s fa t h e r, wi t h t h e k n i fe ,
H e st re t c h e d h i m , a n d w i t h o n e ha n d o n h i s da gg er,
A n o t h e r s prea d o n s brea st , m o u n t i n g h i s e y e s,
’

H e di d di sc h a rg e a h orri bl e o a t h w h o se t e n or
v
Wa s, —w e re h e e il u se d, h e w ou ld o u t go
H i s fa t h er by a s m u c h a s a p e rfo rm a n c e
Do e s a n i rre so l u t e pu rp ose .

Ki n g Th e re s hi s pe ri od,
’

’
T o sh e a t h s h i s k n ife i n u s H e i s a t ta c h d
.
 B A C O IV S H I S T OR Y OF K IN G H E NR Y VII
’
1 6 .

Ca ll hi m t o presen t t ri a l i f h e m a y
Fi n d m erc y i n t h e la w , ti s h is i f n o n e ,
'

Le t hi m n o t se e k t o f u s by da y a n d n ight ,
’

H e s t ra i t o r t o t h e h e i ght
’
.
[E xa mt
“
( H e n ry V III a ct i . se .

It se e m s to us t he re i gn of He n r y th e Se v th en su
gg e s ts s o m e

st r o n g p a ra lle ls to e xp la i n i ts fit n es s t o pla y th e pa rt o f e v i de n c e
fo r t he r ea l a u t ho rshi p o f S ha k e spe a r e s
’

p l y a s . In t he r st p la c e , fi
i t fo llo w s t he re i
gn of Ri c ha rd t he T hi rd, a n us urp e r . An d w e
m u st c o n c e de t he po i n t , if B a c on w r o t e t hes e pla y s, a n d ho lds a

la w fu l c la im t o t he c ro w n of i m m o rt a li t y c on n e c t e d w i t h t he m ,

t he e xa pa ra lle l, pre se n t e d b y t he u su rp a t i o n o f t he
m pl e , or

t hro n e by Ri c ha rd t he Thi rd, a n d hi s de po si t i o n by H e n r t he y

v
S e e n t h, i s a st ro n g on e T he i m p o st o rs o r pre t e n de rs, La m b e rt
.

Sim n e l a nd Pe r i n k Wa rb e c k , su ppl y fres h sa m pl e s of t he sa me

ki nd . An d it is n o t e w o rt h y t hi s re i
g n p r e se n t s n ot on l y a

re m a r k
b le m o m e n t in En gli sh hi st o r , a s u n i t i n g t he Ro se s, bu t
a y
in v y
t he di sc o e r o f Am e ri ca a n d v o a g es o f Co lu m b u s i s a n e p o c h y
i n t he w o rld s c i v i li sa tio n The i m pre ss i o n t his m a de
’
. even t on

B a con s
’
m i n d ma y b e e st i m a te d by t he fa c t t ha t he a do p t e d t he
s i m il e o f t hi s m e m o ra bl e vy o a
g e a s a n e m bl e m o f hi s o wn i n tel
le c t u a l vy o a
g e of di sc o v y er . A n d le t n o o n e t hi n k i t wa s a

c a su a l s i m i l e , fo r i t do mi n a t e s n ot onl y th e
“
D e A u gm e n t i s a nd

No vu m O rga n u m , bu t a l s o t he “
Ne w A t la n t i s lo c a t e d a c ro s s

t he oc ea n . T he t i t l e pa g e e n gra vi n gs o f t he t w o fo rm e r w o rks
b ea t he s hi e m b le m , t he t w o c o lu m n s o f H e rc ul e s , a n d t he
r p
m o t to of t he p e rlu st ra t i o n of t he g l ob e fro m Da n iel .

B a co n s
’
a dm i r a t i o n fo r H e n r y t he Se v e n th is u n b o u n de d

F o r t ha t Lo u i s t he El e ven th, F e rdi na n do , a n d He n r y ,

m a y be
” “
e st e e m e d fo r t he Tree Ma gi o f t hos e a g e s . He w a s a
p ri n c e ,
s a d, s e ri o u s, a n d fu l l of tho ughts a n d secret obs erva tions , a n d fu l l

of no tes a nd me mori a ls of hi s ow n ha n d, e sp e c i a ll y t o u c hi n g

p e r so n s .
”
B a c on r e se m bl e d hi m in t he s e de ta i ls . The fi r st

e di t i o n of t hi s
“
Hi s t o r y of Kin g H e nr y VII .
”
(1 6 2 2 ) c o n ta in s
a
p o r t ra it of t he Ki n g . In t he e di t i o n of 1 64 1 , B a con s
’

po rt ra i t
b
(y M a rsha ll ) ha s ta k en i t s p la ce . In hi s p re fa ce B a con wri t e s
 B A C OIV S II I S T O R Y OF K I N G H E NR Y VII
’
. I 7

Fo r h e w a s a w ise ma n a n d a n excelle nt I
ci n g . He w a s of a n hi gh
m i n d— o n e t ha t re v e re d hi m s e lf, a nd w o u ld re i
gn i n de e d (p .

Thi s ki g (t o sp e a
n k of hi m i n t e rm s e q u a l t o hi s de s e rv

i n g) w a s on e o f t he b e st s o r t of w o n de r s, a w o n de r fo r w i s e m e n .

H e ha d pa rt s (bo t h i n hi s v i rt u e s a n d hi s fo rt u n e s ) n ot so fit
fo r a c om m on -

pla ce a s fo r o b se r v a t i on . C e rta i n l he w a y s r e li i ou s,
g
b o t h i n hi s a ffe c t i o n a n d o b se r v a n ce . Bu t a s he c o u ld s e e c le a r

ro u h
(fo r t ho s e t i m e s
) t h g su
p e rst i t i o n , s o (n o w a n d t he n ) he
w o u ld b e bli n de d by hu m a n
p o li c y
H e b u i lt a n d e n do w e d m a n
. y
gi o u s fou n da t i o n s, b e side s hi s m e m o ra bl e ho spi ta l O f t he
r e li

Sa ovy A n d y e t w a s he a gr e a t a lm sgi e r i n se c re t , w hi c h sho w e d

. v
k
t ha t hi s w o r s i n pu bli c w e r e de di c a t e d r a t he r t o G o d s glo r t ha n
’
y
hi s own . y
H e pro fe sse d a lw a s to love a n d see k P ea ce ; a n d i t w a s
'

hi s u su a l pr e fa c e i n hi s t r e a t i e s, Tha t w he n Chr i st c a m e i n t o t he
w o rld P ea ce wa s su n g a nd w he n He w en t ou t of t he w o rl d,
”
P ea ce wa s bequ ea thed Hi s t , p .

T he p la of y
Ri c ha rd t he T hi rd c o n c lu de s w i th t he pra y er of

y
H e n r t he S e v e n t h for P ea ce

0 n o w l e t Ri c hm o n d a n d El i z a b e t h ,
Th e t ru e su c c e e ders o f e a c h Ro y a l H ou se ,
By G o d s fa i r o rdi n a n c e c o n j o i n t o ge t h er
’

A n d l e t t h y he i rs (G o d i f t h y w i l l b e so )
E n r i ch the ti m e to com e w i th sm ooth f a ced P ea -
ce,

Wi t h sm i l i n g pl e n t y , a nd fa i r pro sp e ro u s da ys .

Ri c ha rd a ct v . so.

B a c o n re
p re s e n t s hi m e xa c t l y a s he i s he re p o r t ra e d a s a G o d y
fe a r i n g ki n
g .
“
Hi s w o r k s in p u bli c w e re de d i c a t e d r a t he r t o
’
y
G o d s gl o r t ha n hi s o wn
”
(p 2 33,.
“
H i st . S e e Ri c hm o n d s
’

p ra e ryb e fo r e t he b a t t l e

0 Tho u 1 wh o se pta i n a c c o u n t m ys e lf,

ca I
L o o k o n m y fo rc e s w i t h a gra c i o u s e y e
Pu t i n t h e i r h a n ds t hy b ru i si n g i ro n s o f w ra th ,
Th a t t h e y m a y c ru sh do wn w i t h a h e a y fa ll v
T h e u su rpi n g h e l m e t s o f o u r a d e rsa ri e s v
M a k e u s t h y m i n i st ers o f c h a st i se m e n t ,
T h a t w e m a y pra i s e Th ee i n t h y i c t o ry v
I
T o Th e e do c o m m e n d m y wa t c h fu l s o u l ,
B
 8 B A C OIV S H I S T O R Y OF KI N G H E NR Y VI I
’
I .

E re I l t f ll t h
e a e w i n do ws of m ine e yes
S le e p i n g a nd w a k i n g , O de fe n d m e s t ill 1
Ri c ha rd III .
,
a ct v . sc .

It w a s du ri n g t he
g re i n of Ki n g H e n r y t he Se v en th t ha t t he

e x pe di t i o n t o Na
pl e s u n de r Ki n g Cha rle s t he Ei ght h t o o p la c e , k
a n d E n la n d e n t e re d i n t o a l e a u e wi t h t he
g g t a li a n p o t e n ta t e s I
a a i n s t F ra n c e
g Thi s l ea gu e co n s i st e d o f Ki n g H e n r o f En gla n d,
. y
Fe rdi n a nd a nd I sa b ella (Ki n g a nd Q u e en o f Spa i n ) , t he D u k e of

Ve n i c e , a nd I/udovi co Sforza ,
Du lce f M i la n
o . F erdi na n d o f Na p les
wa s a ls o i n c lu de d t a c i t l yi n t hi s c o n fe de ra tion . B a c o n c o n st a n t l y
r e fe rs t o t hi s pe ri o d, w hi c h e x e rc i se d so m e e li fa sc i n a t ion
p c u a r or

in fl u en ce u po n hi m . In t he 1 6 7 1 “
Re su sc i ta t i o
”
b e fre q u e n tl y
i n t ro du c e s t hi s e po c h a s a n e x a m pl e of t he ha ppi n e ss of lea gu e s .

I n t he “
Ad v e r t i se m e n t o f a Hol yW a r he i n t ro du c e s Na p l e s a n d
M i la n t o g e t he r, a nd it se e m s t o m e t ha t i t c a n n ot be e n t i re l y
a c c i de n ta l t ha t t he fi rs t
pla y g i n t he F o li o 1 6 2 3 (a n d
s ta n di n

p ro ba bl y
t he l a s t w r i t t e n ) s ho u l d p o i n t a t M i la n a n d Na pl e s,

P ro sp e r o b e i n g pr e se n t e d a s t he ri ght fu l Du e o f M ila n It i sk .

v y
er c u ri o u s t o fi n d a t t he p e r i o d w e r e fe r to t he na m es of

P rosp ero C o lo n n a , L u do i c o S fo rza , Du e v k of M i la n (w ho u s ur p e d ,

li k e P r o sp e ro b ro t he r, t he t i t le ), A lpho n s o
’
s , II Ki n g o f Na ple s
.
,

F e rdi n a n d, S e ba st i a n Ki n
g o f P o rt u a l (
g e p e di t i o n t o A fri ca x )
”
bei n g na m es a lso i n the p la y of The Temp est T hi s i s a p e ri o d i n .

t he Hi st o r y o f E u ro p e o f e t ra o r di n a r x
i m p o rt , i n a sm u c h a s i t y
e m b ra c e d t he Re fo rm a t i o n . y
T he P a pa c a t ta i n e d t he n e p lus u ltra
of i t s i n fa m y u n de r Po pe x x
Al e a n de r t he S i t h, a n d i t w a s u s t a t j
t hi s mi dn i ght ho u r , so to s
p e a k ,
Sa v o n a r o la b e ga n t o p re a ch a t

F lo r e n c e a nd fo re sha do w L u th e r l s o i s t he gr ea t p e ri o d
. Thi s a

of di sc o v y
er O f A m e r i c a b y Ca b o t , C o lu m b u s , a n d o f t he o a
ge s vy
Of Va sc o de Ga m a It w a s t he p e ri o d o f L o r e n z o di M e di c i , o f
.

t he re v i va l of le a rn i n
g ,
a nd t he re c o v y
er of t he l o st w o rl d of t he

c la ss i c s . NO p e r i o d c o u ld y
po ssi bl b e t t e r su gge s t a s ta rt i n g po i n t
fo r m o de rn hi s t o r y ,
a n d it is m
y hu m b le b e li e f t he 1 6 2 3 F o l i o

c o m m e n c e s, a s i t w e re , w i t h t hi s A u rora ho u r Of li ght , re fo rm a

tion , a nd l e t t e rs .
 B A C ON S H I S T O R Y O F K I N G H E NR Y VII 9
’
. 1

In B a con s
’ “
F e li c i t i e s of Q u een Eli z a b e t h, w hi c h i s t o be re
“ ”
fou n d i n t he Re su sc i ta t i o w e fi n d hi m de sc ri bi n g t he
a dv a n c e m e n t o f E li za
’
b e t h s m o t he r, A n n e Bly o e n, i n t he s e w o rds
“
Fo r fi r st , fro m t he e st a te of a
g e n tle w o m a n on l y ,
a nd no wa y

p re t e n di n g t o n o bl e t i t l e s, he (H e n r V ) r a i sed her to the hon ou r y III .

of a m a rchi on ess
”
Th i re pea e d i n t he p la o f Ki n g H e n r t he
i s s . t “
y y
”
Ei ght h .In t he s e c o n d a c t (sc e n e 3) t he L o rd Cha m b e rla i n i s
i n t ro du c e d

Cha m . Yo u b e a r a g e n t l e m i n d, a n d h e a e n l y bl essi n gs v
F o ll o w su c h c re a t u re s . Th a t y o u m a y , fa ir l a dy ,
P e rc e i v I e spe a k s i n c e re l y ,
a nd hi gh n ot e s
’

Ta
’
en of yo u r m a n y vi rt u e s , t he k i n g
’
s m a j es t y
Co m m en ds hi s g o o d Op i n i o n of yo u , a nd

Do e s p u rp o se h o n o u r t o y ou n o l e ss fl ow i n g
Tha n M a rc hi o n e ss of P e m b ro k e t o wh i c h t i t l e
A t h o u sa ndpo u n d a y e a r , a nnua l su pp o rt ,
Ou t of hi s gra ce h e a dds
‘

Ho w i s i t a ll t he se sm a ll hi st o ri c a l t ri fle s k n own to B a con

a re pro m i n e n t po i n t s a y
l so i n t he p la s ? A n d i n t he c o n c lu di n g

p a ssa g e sp o e n by Cra k n m e r u o n t he b i rt h o f
p u e e n Eli z a b e t h w e Q
fi n d a p r o p he c , a n d m a y n yp o i n t s re p e a te d by B a c on i n hi s m e m o i r
u po n t h e gr e a t Q u een s
’
li fe .

We p re s e n t t he re a de r w i th a f a csi mi le c o p y of p a
ge s twen t y
On e a n d t wen t y th re e o f L o rd B a con s
’ “
H i st o r y of Ki n g H e n r y
t he S e v e n t h,
”
p u bli she d i n 1 6 2 2 , t he y ea r p r e c e di n g the G r e a t
F o li o Sha k e sp e a r e , 1 623 It i s fo r t he . e x p e r t a n d c ri t i c t o de c i de
w h e t he r t he m a t h e m a t i c a l c on n ectio n o r c i p he r
( ) we a re a bou t t o

p oi n t b e t w e e n t he se pa g e s a n d pa g e 5 3, M e rr W i e s o f
ou t
“
y v
Wi n ds o r i s a c c i de n t a l o r t he re su lt o f de si g n It w i ll b e s e e n t ha t
”
.

u
po n pa ge 53 ( c ol .
“
M e rr y Wi v es of Wi n ds o r ,
w e fi n d t he
“
w or d B a con t he 2 6 8 t h w o r d do w n t he c o lu m n fro m t he t o p o f
t he p a g e , a nd t he 9 5 t h p fro m t he b o t t o m
u . y
Dir e c t l w e t u r n
to p a
ge 21 of t he
“
Hi st o r y
o f Ki n g H e n ry t he Se v e n t h,
”

“ — y ) t he 2 68t h a nd
we fi n d t he w o r ds s ta ge p la (i n i t a li c s a re

2 69 t h w o rds ( coun t i n g t he m a s t w o w o r ds ) do w n t he pa ge , li k e

S e e App e n di x .
 B A C OIV S H I S T O R Y OF KI NG H E NR Y VI I
’
zo .

wi s e c o u n te d
fro m t he t o p Th e a re t he 5 2 n d a n d 5 3rd w o rds . y
c o u n t e d u p fro m t he b o t t o m o f t he pa e , a n d t hu s t he w o rd
g
“
s ta ge a
gr e e s w i t h t he a i
p g gn o f t he
“
M e rr W i e s o f W in d y v
” “
s o r, 5 3, on w hi c h w e fi n d t he w o r d B a con a lso t he 2 6 8 t h w o rd
c ou n t ed do w n . I
y b t t h t bl f w t i g t i m
s ho u ld ha rdl e a e ro u e o as n e

a nd i k p bli hi g t hi di
n u v y if i t w
s t n t i ly m k s sc o er a s no c er a n a re a r

a bl i id
e f fig
co n c i m ence w y th O Up th u re s n o re a s a n on e . on e

Sh k p m m y w
’
St tf d m
ra mor t t on u en d h di d o a es ea re s e or ,
e rea e e

i nhi 5 3 d y s ( l li ) A d t
r ly i i t t i k i g t fi d
ea r ce a s . n no on s s r n o n

th w d e B or p p g
“
5 3 M
a co ny Wi v f W i d”
u b ton a e ,
e rr es o n so r,
”
u

t hi w d
s t g pl y
or gi i g
“
t
s ah fi g 2e6 8-
a 5 2 ;
”
v n us e u re s ,

Sh k p a b i g 52 y
es ea r e ld (f l l y )
e n d i hi 5 3 d y ea rs o u ea rs ,
a n n s r ea r,

1 6 1 6, w he n he di e d .

“
Pa ge 2 1 , Hist . sta ge 268 do wn , 5 3 u p . Ba con , 2 68 , pa g e 5 3 .

2 69 , M W W
”
'

K H VII
. . .
p la y 2 69 do w n , 2 5 up . I .
“
. . .

If t he rea der w ill t u rn t o t he t a ble of t hi s pa ge 2 1 of B a con s

’

Hi st o r y of Ki n g He n r y t he Se v e n t h,
”
he w i ll fi n d t he fi rst

fi
gi v i n g t he gu re s 2 2, 2 3, w hi c h a r e t he n u m b e rs o f t he
c o lu m n

w ords i n i t a li c s a n d Ro m a n t p e do w n t he pa g e No w , t he p la y . y
of
“
Ki n g Ri c ha r d t he T hi rd i s t he t w e n t t hi rd pla i n t he 1 6 2 3 y -
y
F o li o , a nd do e s i t n o t se e m a s if 22 a nd 23 r e fe r to 1 6 2 2 , 1 6 23,
w hi c h a re t he da t e s of p u bli ca t i o n o f t hi s
“
Hi st o r y of Ki n g
He n r y th e Se v en th a n d t he G rea t F o li o rs t fi c o lle c t e d e di t i o n 1
T he p l ya of
“
Ri c ha rd t he Thir d
”
c om m en c es u
p on
pa g e 1 7 3 of

t h e Fo li o H i st o ri e s .

Ba con , 2 68 do w n , 9 5 u p,
p.5 3,
“
M e rr y Wi v es of W i n dso r .

De du c t 2 68 95 1 73 !

No w t he s t ri ki n g p o i n t ha s t o c o m e . Up o n pa ge 5 6, o r c o lu m n
1 07 , of t he
“ ”
Hi st o ri e s (t ha t i s t he q
se u e n t c o l um n , t he sa m e
)
n u m b er 2 68 gi v es

hea rt , 2 68 do w n , 1 7 3 up .

Whi c h i f w e de du c t 2 68 Th e r ea de r w i ll se e ho w
c u ri o u s i t i s t o fi n d t he de du c t i o n of t he n u m b e rs i n t he s e t w o
ca s e s gi vi n g us t he up n u m ber o f the othe r, p ro vi n g so m e c i p he r
 B A C OIV S H I S T O R Y O F KI NG H E NR Y VI I
’
. 2 1

c o n n e cti on . It i s w o rth y o f n ot e
i n 1 5 9 5 t he t hi rd p a rt o f t h e
rei
gn of Ki n g H e n ry t he x
Si t h w a s wri t t e n , a n d p o ssi bl 9 5 m a y y
s ta n d fo r t hi s da t e . At y ra t e i t i s c u ri ou s t ha t t he n e t p la ,
a n x y
”
“
Ki n g Ri c ha rd t he Thi r d, c o m m e n c es u p on pa ge 1 7 3 o f t he
1 62 3 F o li o , a nd i s t he 2 3rd pla y .

Ri c ha rd t he Thi r d wa s a u su rp e r, a nd it is q uite p o ssi bl e

B a c o n s e le c t e d t he re i
gn o f Ki n g H e n r y th e Sev e n t h t o r e pr e s e n t

hi m s e lf by a na lo g y a s the ri ght u l suc cessor

f to the usu rpe r Wi lli a m
S ha kesp ea re . The re i s m u c h t o b e a r t hi s t he o r y ou t . Hen r y th e
’
Sev en th s a c c e s si o n b ro u ght t h e w a rs o f t he Ro se s t o a n en d . As
a c on qu e ro r k
by m i ght , a n d i n g by ri ght o f hi s La n ca st ri a n
c la i m , he su ppla n t e d t he u n la w fu l u sur e r Ri c ha r d t he T hi r d
p .

The de r m a y s e e t ha t i f w e c o u n t t he pla s i n su c c e ssi o n ,

rea y
Ri c ha rd t he Thi rd i s t he twen ty thi rd p la i n o rde r fro m t he c o m -
y
m en c em e n t o f t he c a ta l o gu e . The re i gn o f Ki n g H e n r y th e S e v e n t h,
i f i t ha d b e e n wr i t t e n , w o u ld ha ve fo rm e d t he t w e n t yf -
ou rt h

pla y ,
t he re fo r e t he re i s s o m e t hi n g si n gu l a rl y s t ri ki n
g t o fin d u p o n

p a
ge 23 of t he Hi s t o r y of Ki n g H e n ry t he Se v e n t h,
”
t he i n t ro

du c t i o n of t he w o rds “
S ta ge Pla ys a nd M a sks I
”
No t on l y t hi s,

bu t wa s t he da t e of t he fi rst F o li o e di t i o n o f Sha k e sp e a r e s
’

su p p o s e d pla y s ; a nd a s t he om i tt ed pla y of
“
Ki n g H e n r y th e

Se v en th
”
w o u l d ha ve fo llo w e d ha d t he re b e e n on e t he pl y f a o

Ri c ha rd t he T hi rd,
”
t hi s i n t ro du c t i o n u po n pa g e 2 3 i s y v er

c u ri o u s .

Upo n p a
ge 26 of B a c on s
’ “
H i st or y of Ki n g H e n ry t he

Se v en th we r ea d of t he Q u e en Do wa ger :
“
Aft er he r hu sba n d s
’

dea t h she w a s m a tt e r of Tra gedy, ha v i n g li v e d t o s e e he r b ro t he r

b e he a de d, a nd he r t w o s o n s de p o s e d fro m t he c ro w n , ba st a r de d i n

t he i r bl o o d, a n d c ru e ll ym u r de re d . Is t he re n ot re fe re n c e he r e
”
“
Ri cha rd the Thi rd, i n w hi c h ll t hi s i s
t o t h e Tra gedy p la y o f a

p o rt ra y ed ? T he w o r d Tra gedy
”
is t he t w e n t y -
se c o n d w o rd i n

i ta li c s fr o m t he t o p o f t he pa ge , a n d t he pla o f t he t hi rd p a rt o f y
“
Ki n g He n r t he S i x t y
i n w hi c h t hi s u e e n p la s so la rge a Q y
p a rt , i s t he t w e n t se c o n d pla i y
n t he F o li o 1 6 23
-
y
If w e c o u n t t he .

w ord “
HA S T INGS (i n Ro m a n t p e ) , t he n t he w ord Tra gedy
” “ ”
y
 B A C OIV S H I S T O R Y OF KI N G H E NR Y VI I
’
zz .

i s t he t w e n t y t hi -
rd w o rd fro m t he to p of
pa ge 2 6, i n e xt ra
o rdi n a r y l e t te rp r e ss, a nd t he “
T ra ge d y o f Ri c ha rd
”
i s t he III .

t we n t y thi
-
rd p la yi n o rder in t he F o li o Thi s w o rd
. Tra gedy is
t he 2 6 7 t h, 2 6 8 t h, 2 6 9 t h, o r 2 7 0t h w o rd a ll c o u n te d do w n fro m
,

t he t o p o f t he
pa ge , a c c o rdi n
g a s we c oun t y
h p he n a te d w o r ds
ma i ge be d,
rr a ba c he lo r i n g,
-
“ ”
i ssu e “ -
k ”
-
m a le a s s i n gle o r

do u b le w o rds Upo n pa ge 5 3, M e rr W i
.
“
y v es o f Wi n dso r ,
”
t he s e
n u m b e rs
gi e v
F or B a con , I wa rra n t “
Up o n pa ge 3 6 o f t hi s .

“
y ”
y
H i st o r o f Kin g H e nr t he S e e n t h t he re a r e fi ft y t w o o r fi ft y v -

“
t hre e w o rds i n i ta li c s ( F ore fight
”
h phe n a t e d) , a c c o rdi n g a s w e
-
y
c ou n t y
t he h phe n a t e d w o rd glsi n y or do u ble . Thi s w a s S ha k e
’
s
p ea re s a ge , 1 61 6, whe n he di e d .

52 y e a rs o ld, a n d i n hi s 5 3rd y ea r .

l 3 6 pla y s i n t he 1 623 F o li o .

A Tra gedy a re t he 2 2 5 t h a nd 22 4 t h w o rds a ll c o u n te d u p t he

pa ge Up o n pa g e 5 3,
. M e rr “
y Wi v es of W i n dso r ,
”
t he 2 2 5 t h,

2 2 4 t h w o rds (u p a n d do w n ) a re :

Pa ge 5 3, in 225 t he 2 24
M e rry v
Wi e s o f Wi n dso r n ou n s 22 4 p ro n ou n 2 25 .

“
Thi s pr o n ou n , or n a m e sta ndi n g i n p la ce of a n o ther n a me, i s
fi
i de n t i e d i n t he a c c u sa t i v e ca s e wi t h t he w o rd a B con .

H a n g ho g is La t i n for Ba c o n , Iw a rra n t y ou .

B
U p o n pa ge 2 3, a c o n s Hi st o r o f Ki n g H e n r t he S e e n t h,
’
y y v
w e r ea d — “
Bu t y e t do u b t i n g t ha t t he re w o u ld b e t o o n ea r lo o k
ing a nd t o o m u c h P ersp ecti ve i n to hi s di sgu i s e , i f he sho ul d sho w i t

he re i n E n gla nd, he t ho u ght g o o d (a ft e r t he m a n n e r o f scen es i n

S ta ge P la ys a n d M a sks) t o sho w i t a fa r o ff
-
T he w o rds S ta ge Pla ys .
-

a re t he 8 4 t h a nd 85 t h w o rds do w n fro m t he t o p of t hi s pa g e 23 .

No w t he t i m e o f a c t i o n c o m pr e he n di n g t he pla y of
“
Ki n g Ri c ha rd
III .
”
i s fro m A D . . 1 4 7 1 t o 1 4 85 , a nd i f t he re ha d b e e n a p la of y
Ki n g Ri c ha rd VII i t . w o u ld ha v e c om m e n c e d fro m t he la s t da t e .

T he n u m b e rs of t he se w o rds a re a s fo llo w s, a nd w e gi v e t he c or

re s
p o n di n g fig ur e s fro m pa ge 5 3, “
M e rr y W i v e s o f Wi n dso r
 B A C O N S H I S T O R Y O F K I N G H E NR Y VI I
’
. 2 3

In 8 3 do wn , 2 2 5 up P 5 .
p ro n o u n 2 25 do w n .

S ta ge 84 2 24 c ol . 1 06, t he 2 24
P la ys 85 2 23 of 2 23
a nd 86 2 22 b o rro w e d 2 2 2
M a squ es 8 7 22 1 a re 22 1

The p ron ou n st a n ds i n the p la ce of a p rep er n a me An d i f we .

“
a dd t he pa gi n g 2 3 t o 8 3 a n d 8 4 ( In S ta ge w e g e t 1 06 a n d 1 07 ,
w hi c h a re t he n u m b e rs o f t he c olu m n s o f
pa g e 5 3, M err y Wi v e s
Of Wi n ds o r ,
”
fro m w hi c h w e t a k e ou r fig u r es .

E li za beth, Qu een to Ki n g Edwa rd I V .

F u l le r sa y s of t hi s la d y S he go t m o r e gr ea t n es s t ha n j o y ,
he i ght t ha ha pp i n e ss, by he r
n m a rri a ge , fo r sh e li e d t o se e t he v .

de a t h o f he r hu sba n d, m u r de r of he r t w o s o n s, a n d r e s t ra in t of
”
he rse lf a n d r e st o f he r c hi ldr e n . Thi s a gre e s wi t h he r fore b o di n g
la n
g ua
g e i n t h e pl a y
Sm a ll j oy ha v Ii e n b e i n g En gl a nd s
’

qu e e n .

M i s s S t ri c la k n d sa y f s o he r : The re ne v er wa s a w om a n

w ho c o n t ri v ed to m a k m e o re p e rs o n a l e n e m i e s Af t e r Ri c ha rd s .
” ’

t yl d y
“
u s ur p a tion s he wa s s e by hi m , Da m e Eliz a b e t h G re , la t e
ca lli n g he rs elf Q u e en o f En g la nd .
”
She re t i r e d t o t he M o n a st e r y
of B e rm o n ds e y wh ,
ere s he di e d i n t he re i
g n of he r so n -
in la w ,
-

m u ch gl e c t e d by hi m , J u n e 8 , 1 4 9 2
ne I n o nl o n e i n s ta n c e ha s . y
c o m pi le r m e t w i t h t he t i m e o f Eli z a b e t h W o o dvi le s de a t h,
’
t he

a n d t he n i t w a s m e re l y st a t e d t o ha v e o c c u rre d t he Frida yb e fo re

W hi t su n t ide . A s Ea st er Da y i n 1 4 9 2 fe l l o n t he 2 2 n d o f April,
t he e x a ct da te o f he r de c e a se w a s t he 8 t h o f J un e H e r w i ll, .

da t e d Ap ri l 1 0, 1 4 9 2 , xhibi t t hi g pi t
e f h m t l
s a ou c n c ure o er a e rn a

a ffe c t i o n a n d he r
po v t y h vi g t hi g b t h bl i g t
er ,
a n no n u er e ss n o

be q u ea t h t o he r c hi ldr f Ihven , w ldly g d i h

or a e no or oo s s er
’
m o u r n fu l c o n fe ssi o n . She w a s b u ri e d i n S t G e o rg e s Cha pe l,
W i n dso r ,
w he r e on a fla t st o n e , a t t he fo o t of he r ro y a l hus ba n ds
’

t o m b , i s i n scri b e d

Ri n g Gi bb :
t rh a a h hi s Q u een C l i z a be th i mmune .
 B A C O IVS H I S T O R Y O F KIN G H E NR Y VII
’
2 4 .

So u t he y ’
s li n e s w o u ld fo rm a n a pp ro
p ri a te e pi t a p h

Th o u , Eli za be t h , a rt here ,
Th o u ll gri e fs w er e kn o wn ,
t o who m a

W ho w ort pla c e d u po n t he b i e r,
In ha ppi e r ho u r t ha n o n a t hro n e .

Thi s i s t he Q u ee n B a c on re fe r s to a s t he Qu een Dowa ger . We

fi n d he r i n t he pla y ur i
g g n t h e M q
a r u i s o f Do rse t t o t o fly
Ri c hm o n d, a n d t hi s a gre e s wi t h
’
B
a c o n s w o rds ,
“
A n d i n he r
wi t hdra wi n g c ha m b e r ha d t he fo rt u n a t e c o n spi ra c yf or t he Ki n g
ag n st Ri c ha rd t he Thi rd be e n ha t c hed
i a
”
(p . 21 , “
H i st o r y of

Ki n g He n r y
Co m pa re

0 Dors e t , s pea k n o t t o m e , ge t t h ee g o n e ,
Qu e e n .

De a t h a n d de str u c t i o n do gs th e e a t t h y h ee ls .

T hy m o t h e r s n a m e i s o m i n ou s t o c hildre n
’
.

If t hou w il t de a t h , g o c ro ss t h e sea s ,
o u t s t ri p
-

A n d li ve wi t h Ri c h m o n d, fro m t h e rea c h o f h e ll .

Ri c ha rd III .
,
a ct i . se .

The M a r q ui s of Do rs e t wa s Tho m a s G re y , e lde st so n of

E li za be t h s
’
fi rst
g ma rri a e . Aft e r t he de a t h
,
of Ki n g Edw a rd
Do rse t , a t ta i n t e d by Ri c ha rd t he Thi rd, esc a p e d t o t he Ea rl
o f Ri c hm o n d, a n d a ss i s t e d i n ra i s i n g hi m t o t he t hr o n e
“
N
( otes
on t he C ha ra c t e rs of S ha k e sp e a re s
’
P la y s, p . 2 24 , by G . R.

Fre n c h, de r m a y s e e ho w e xa c tl
The re a a c u a in ted y q
B a co n is w i t h t he de t a i ls o f t he re i gn o f Ki n g Ri c ha rd t he T hi rd

a s t he y a re
p re s e n t e d by t he su ppo se d Sha k e sp e a r e .
 CHAP TER II .

A M B I T I O N, ENV Y ,
A ND D E O RM I T F Y .

He se e m s to ha v e wri t t e n t h e Essa ys wi t h t h e pen of Sha k e spe a re

L XAN MI H
.

A E DE R S T .

P RO F E S S O R F WLO ER wr i t e s In v ol .i p 5 De M a i st re m a k e s Wh a t a p pe a rs
. .

t o m e t o be a v yter ru e c ri t i c i sm on Ba c on — ‘
Ra re m en t i l ré
si s t e a l e n v i e
’

dé
t re p o é
’
te (p . 1 37 , I n t rodu c t i o n ,
“
No v .

RI CH A RD II I .

LE T t ho se w ho w o u ld t ra ce B a c on s
’
m i n d i n t he c ha ra c t e rs o f

t he p la y s, ca re ful l y r ea d hi s E s sa y on
“
D e fo rm i t y ,
a nd t he n

st u d y th e c ha ra c t e r o f Ri c ha rd III . a s de pi c t e d i n hi s self e -
x a m
i n i n g sp e e c h (a t t he o p e n i n g o f t he pla ), a n d n o t i c e ho w y e x a ctl y
w ha t B p k
a c o n r e m a r s u o n t he c o m e n sa t i o n s o f Na t u r e a
p re i llu s
t ra t e d i n t hi s on e p o r t ra it .

“
De fo rm e d p e rs o n s a r e c o m m o n l e v e n w i t h n a t u r e , fo r a s y
n a t u re ha t h do n e ill b
y t he m , s o do t he by n a t u re , b e i n g fo r t he y
m o st pa rt (
a s t he S c ri p t u r e sa
ye t h ) v oi d o f n a t u ra l a ffe c t i o n , a n d
so t he yh a ve t he i r re v e n ge of na tu re ; certa i n ly there be a con sen t

between the body a n d the m i nd, a nd w he re na t u re e rre t h i n t he on e,

she v e n t u r e t h i n t he o t he r . Who so e v er ha t h a n y t hi n
g fix ed in
hi s p e rso n t ha t do t h i n du c e c o n t e m p t , ha t h a l so a p e rp e t u a l spu r
i n hi m se lf t o re sc u e a n d de l i v e r hi m s e lf fr o m sc o rn T he r e fo r e .

a ll Deform ed p erson s a re extrem e bold . Fi rst , a s i n t he i r o w n de fe n c e

a s b ei n g e xp o se d to s c o rn , bu t i n p ro c e ss of t i m e , by a g e n e ra l
ha bi t . So t ha t i n a g re a t wi t De fo rm i t i s y a n a d v a n ta g e to ri si n g .

y
S t i ll t he gro u n d i s t he w ill, i f t he b e o f sp iri t , se e t o fre e y k
v
t he m s e l e s fr o m sc o rn w hi c h m u st b e , e i t he r by oi rtn e or m a li ce
”

D e fo rm i t y ,
”
2 6 A rVB I TI O JV, E N V Y, A ND D E F O RM I T Y

Ri cha rd . I ,
t his fa i r pro po rt i o n ,
t ha t a m c u rta il d
'
of

C hea te d o f fea t u re by dis se m b l i n g n a t u re ,

’
D eform ed , u nfi n is h d , sen t bef ore m y ti m e
I n to th i s br ea th i n g w or ld , s ca r ce ha lf m a de up ,

A n d t ha t so l a m e ly a n d u n fa s hi o n a b le ,
T ha t do gs b a rk a t m e a s ha l t by t h e m I .

I
W hy (i n t hi s w ea k pi pi n g t i m e o f pe a c e )
Ha v e no de l i gh t t o pa ss a w a y t he t i m e ,
U n le ss t o s e e m y sha do w i n t he s u n ,
A n d des ce n t on m in e own D ef o rm i ty .

A n d t he re fo re si n c e I ca n n o t v
pro e a l o e r, v
To e n t e rta i n t h es e fa ir w e l l s po k e n da y s ,
-

I a m de t e rm i n e d t o p ro v vi ll i
e a a n.

L e t t he rea de r n e xt re a d t he Essa y on B o ldn e ss , w hi c h

B a c on ha s a lrea d yd e c la r e d is a n a t t rib u t e ofde fo rm e d p e rs o n s .

A n d le t us ca ll t o m i n d Ri c ha r d III .
,
a s k
Du e o f G lo u c e st e r,
ma ki n
g l o v e t o La d yA nne o v er t he c o ffi n o f h e r hu sba n d, k i ll ed

by hi m . Wo n de rfu l li k e i s t he ca s e o f b o l dn e ss , v
i n c i i l b u si n e s s
w ha t fi rs t ? B oldn ess ; w ha t se c o n d a n d t hi rd ? B o ldn e ss . An d

y e t B o ldn e ss is a c hild o f i gn ora n ce, a nd ba sene ss, fa r i n fe ri o r to

o t he r pa r t s v
Bu t n e e rt he le s s i t doth fa s c i na te, a n d b i n d ha n d
.

a n d foo t , t ho s e t ha t a r e e i t he r sha llo w i n u d m e n t , o r w ea

g in j k
c o u ra g e, w hi c h a re t he grea t e st pa rt ; y ea ,
a nd v
p re a i le t h wi t h
w i se m e n a t w ea k tim es . T he r e fo re w e se e i t ha t h do n e w o n de rs
i n p o pu la r s t a t e s, b u t w i t h s e n a t e s a n d p ri n c e s le ss An d m o r e .

v
e e n u p o n t he rs t e n t ra n c e o ffi o ld P e rs o n s i n t o A c ti on tha n soo n B
a fter f or Ba ldn ess i s a n i ll keep er of p rom ise We
ha v e a lr ea d y fo u n d Ba c o n w ri t i n g u p o n De fo rm i t y :
“
C e r ta i n l y
t he r e i s a c on s e n t b e t w e e n t he b o d y a nd t he m i n d . Ri c ha d III
r .

sa y s

The n si n c e t h e h ea v
pe d m y b o dy en s ha v e sh a so ,

L e t H ell m a ke cr oo ked m y m i nd to a ns we r i t .

In B a con s
’ “
Na t u ra l Hi st o ry he w ri t e s : “
It i s a n u s ua l
o bs e r a v ti on , tha t if the body of one m u rdered be bro ught befor e the
m urderer, the wou n ds wi ll bleed a f resh
”
(C e n t u r y x .
,
Exp .

A n i llu s t ra t i o n of t hi s i s gi v i n t he p la
en y of Ki n g Ri c ha rd t he
Thi rd,
”
i n t he c e l e b ra te d se c o n d s c e n e o f t he fi rs t a c t, w he re

Ri c ha rd (a s Du k e of G lo u c est e r) st o
p s t he
“
c o rs e
”
of Ki n g
 A M B I TI OJV, E N V Y; A ND D E F O R M I T K 2 7

H e nr y t he Si x t h, w ho m he m urde r e d i n o rde r to c o u rt La d y
An n e .

G lou c S ta y y ou t ha t b ea r t h e c o rse , a n d s e t i t dow n

. .

A n n e W ha t bl a c k m a gi c i a n c o n j u re s u p t h i s fi e n d,
.

v
T o st o p de o t e d c h a ri t a bl e de e ds 2

v
If t h o u de l i gh t t o i ew t hy h e i n o u s de e ds,
Be h o ld t hi s pa t t e rn o f t hy bu t c h eri es .

O , g e n t l e m e n , se e , se e ! dea d H en ry s wou n ds
’

’
Op en the i r eon gea l d m ou ths , a n d blee d a f resh .

Bl u sh , bl u sh t h ou lu m p of fo u l de form i t y
’
F or ti s thy p r esenc e tha t exha les thi s bl ood
F r om co ld a n d emp ty ve i n s , w he re n o bl ood dwe lls
T hy deed i n hu m a n a n d u n n a tu r a l,
P r ovokes thi s de lu ge m ost u n n a tu ra l .

Ri c ha rd III .
,
a ct i .

T H E RS I TE S .

“
The rsi t e s i s de sc ri b e d i n t he li st of Dra ma ti s P erson ae p re
fi xed t o t he pla y of Tro ilu s a nd Cre s sida a s
“
A Def orm ed a nd
sc urri lou s Greeci a n .
”
O n c e m o r e w e fi n d hi m , a s w e ha v e a l re a d y
fo u n d Ri c ha rd t he Thir d o f a n e n v i o u s, di sc o n t e n t e d di sp o si t i o n .

A c hi lle s a ddr e sse s hi m

Ho w n ow t h ou core o f e nvy !

A n d Pa t r o c l u s e x c la im s

Why , t h o u da m n a bl e box of e nvy !

B a c on c o n c l u de s hi s Essa y u po n ,
En vy wi t h t he w o r ds
“
It i s a l s o t he v i le st a ffe c t i o n , a nd t he m o st de pra v ed fo r w hi c h
c a u se i t i s t he p ro p e r a ttri bu te of the Devi l, w ho i s c a lle d t he En i o u s v
Ma n t ha t s o w e t h t a re s a m o n g st t he w he a t by n i ght T he rsi t e s, .

in a so li lo q y f ll
u o o w in g hi s q u a rr e l wi th A j x a ,
e n ds

Ih v a e sa i d m y pra y ers ,
a nd devi l e n vy , sa y Am e n .

B a c on w ri t e s — “ A ma n t ha t i s bu sy, a n d in q ui si t i v e, is c om m o n l y
en vi ou s : fo r t o k n ow m u ch o f o t he r m en
’
s m a tt e r s, ca n n ot be , b e
ca u se a ll t ha t do m a y
a c o n c e rn hi s o w n e st a te t he re fo re i t m u st

n e e ds be, tha t he ta ke th a ki nd of p la y p lea su r e i n looki n g up on the

n he , t ha t m i n de t h bu t hi s o w n b u si n e s s,
fortu n es o f others ; n e i t her c a
2 8 A M B I TI ON; E N V Y, A ND D E F O R M IT Y .

fi n d m u c h m a tt e r fo r en vy . H o w t hi s i s e xa c t l y fl re e c te d i n t he

p o rt ra y a l of t he c ha ra c t e r o f T he rsi t e s, m a y b e se e n by t u rn i n g
t o t he pla y . H e i s a lw a y s k
lo o i n g o n a t o t he rs, s y
p i n g a n d c ri t i

c isi n
’

g, fu ll o f o t he r p e o pl e s b u si n e ss a nd wi th n o n e of hi s o wn ,

u n l e s s t hi s i s hi s e s e c i a l v o ca t i o n H e m a i n ta i n s t hi s role to
p .

t he ver yl a st of a loc ker on or sp e c ta tor, a n d a t t he c o n c lu si o n of

t he pl y a ,
w hilst t he G re e k s a nd T roj a ns a re fight i n
g ha rd,

e x c la im s

No w t he y a re c l a ppe r c la wi n g
-
o n e a n o t he r,
’
I l l go looke on .

The rsi t e s ta k es n o i n t e re st i n hi m se lf, b u t i s fo r e v er de pre ssi n g

o t he rs, a bu si n g t he m , a nd y
i m pl i n g t he ha y v e no wi t or b ra i n s
a nd hi s cu ri osi ty is so
g rea t , w e fi n d hi m b e n t u p o n n o t hi n g (du ri n g
t he ba t t le a t t he fi na le of t he p l a y) bu t se e i n g t he m e e t i n g of

T r o i lu s a nd Di o m e de . He e x c la i m s, I w o u ld fa i n se e t he m

m eet,
”
a nd a lt hou gh hi s li fe i s t hr e a t e n e d by H e c to r, i m m e dia t e l y
t he da n
ge r i s pa st he r e c u rs t o t he o b e c t s o f hi s i n sa t ia ble c u ri j
o si t y a ga i n i n t he w o rds
W ha t ’
s bec om e of t he w e n c hi n g ro g u e s 2 I t hi nk t h e y ha v e sw a ll o w ed on e

a n o t he r
’
. Iw ou l d l a u gh a t t ha t m i ra c le —y e t i n a so rt l e c h e ry ea ts i ts e l f
I ll se e k e them .

B a c on re m a r s : k “
Non est c uri osa s qu i n ide m si t ma levolus .

Tha t T he rsi t e s i s m a l e v o le n t t o t he ba c k b o n e c a n n o t b e u e st i o n e d q .

F o r m a le v o le n c e
(fo l lo w i n g a di c t i o n a y
r a n d n ot o ur i n sp i ra t i o n )
m ea ns s
pi t e fu l, bi t t e r, ra n c o ro u s , e v i l -
m i n de d, a nd The rsi t e s i s a ll
t he s e , de sc ri bi n g hi m s e lf t o H e c t o r a s
“
a sc u r vy ra ili n g k n a v e, a

v er y fi lt hy ro
gu e .
”

The la st t i m e w e hea r of The rsi t e s i n t hi s pla he i s pre se n t e d y

a s bro u ght t o ba y by a ba sta rd, a n d c o n fe ssi n g hi m s e lf a ba sta rd
a lso i n o rde r t o sa e hi s life v (o r e sca pe c o m ba t ) , o n t he s c o re of

ki n dre d . Thi s i s e v i de n t l y a t ou ch of B a con s

’
i n ha rm o n y wi t h
hi s Essa y on
“
En vy ,
”
w he r e h e sa y s :
“
Deform ed P ersons, a nd

Eu n u c hs, a n d ol d m en , a nd B a sta rds a re e n v i o u s .

E n ter M A RGA B ELO N .

Ma r. T u rn , sl a ve, a nd fight .

The r . Wh a t a rt t hou
 A M B I TI OJV, E N V Y, A ND D E F O E M I T Y . 2 9

Ma r . A ba st a rd so n o f Pri a m
’
s.

T he r . I ab a sta rd t o o
m a l o e b a s t a rds I v
a m a I
b a st a rd b e g o t , b a s t a rd
i n s t ru c t e d, b a s t a rd i n m i n d, b a st a rd i n a l ou r, i n e e ryt hi n v
g i l l egi t i m a t e v .

O n e b e a r w ill n o t b i t e a n o t h e r, a n d w h e re fore sh o u l d o n e b a sta rd ? T a k e

h e e d, t h e qu a rre l s m o st o m i n o u s t o u s : i f t h e son o f a wh o re fi gh t fo r a
’

w h o re , h e t e m p t s j u dgm e n t : fa re w e l l , b a s t a rd .

Ma r. T h e de vi l t a k e t h e e , c o w a rd
[E xi t
In B a con s
’ “
A n t i t he t a u
p o n
“
B ea u t y we rea d: “
De fo rm e d
P e rso n s c om m o n l yhv a e t he i r re v en
g e of Na t ur e .
”
A ga i n , “
De
fo rm e d P e rso n s se e kt o r e sc u e t he m s e l v es fr o m s c o rn by m a li c e
”
a nd b o ldn e ss .

TH E BAS TARD E DM UND .

“
( Ki n
g
B a c on in hi s Essa y on
“
En v y ”
D e fo rm e d p e rso n s, a n d
e u n u c hs, a n d o ld m e n, a nd ba sta rds a re en vi ou s fo r he t ha t c a n n o t
y
p o ss i bl m e n d hi s o w n c a s e , w i ll do wha t he ca n to i mp a i r a n other s
’
.
”

In t he T ra g e d o f “
y
Ki n g L e a r w e ha e t he Ba sta rd Edm u n d, v
ha lf br o t he r t o Edga r (so n s o f G lou c e st e r) , lle d wi t h en vy o f hi s fi
bro t he r s l e gi t i m a t e bi rt h, fo rgi n g a l e t t e r p u rp o si n g t o b e fr o m
’

t he la t t e r, a n d l e tt i n g hi s fa t he r se e i t w i t h t he e xp re ss p u rp o s e
of da m a gi n g hi s bro t he r s fo rt u n e a n d i n he ri t a n c e A s w e ha e
’
. v
a lr e a d yq
u o t e d, bu t m u st a
g a i n re p e a t ,
“
A ga i n E n vy i s eve r oi n ed
j
wi th the W p a ri n g of a m a n s se lf a nd w he r e t he r e i s n o c o m a ri
’
p
so n , n o e n vy .
”
In t he ca se of Ca ssi u s in “
J ul i u s C ae sa r w e sha ll

pr e s e n t l yfi nd t he t e t x of t he pla yi n t ro du c i n g t hi s e ffe c t o f c o m

w i t h w o n dr o u s A n d i n t he of t he ba sta rd
p a ri so n a rt . c a se

Edm u n d w e r e fi n d o nc e m o re a so lil o q y
u of m o rt i fi ed a n d en vi ou s

sel f c om
-

pa ri so n w i t h hi s l e gi t i m a t e br o t he r E dga r

E ster E D MUN D, w i th a le tte r .

E dm Tho u , na t u re , a rt m y go dde ss t o t hy l a w
vi I
.

My ser c e s a re bo u n d . Wh e re fo re sh o u l d

S ta i n t h e pl a gu e o f c u st o m , a n d p e rm i t
nd

T h e c u ri o si t y o f na t i on s t o de pri e m e , v
F or t h a t I v
a m so m e t w e l e o r fo u rt e e n m o o n sh i n es

L a g o f a bro t h e r ? W hy b a s t a rd ? wh e re fo re ba se ?
W hen m y di m e n si o n s a re a s w e ll c o m pa c t ,

My m i n d a s ge n ero u s , a n d m y sha p e a s t ru e ,
 A M B I TI ON, E N V Y, A ND D E F O R M I T Y .

A s h o n e s t m a da m
’
s i s su e W hy b ra nd t hey us

Wi t h ba s e ? w i t h b a s e n es s ? b a s ta rdy ? ba se , ba s e
Wh o , i n t h e l u st y st e a l t h of na t u re , t a k e
M o re com po s i t i o n a n d fi e rc e qu a l i t y
T ha n do t h , w i t hi n a du ll , s ta l e , t i red b e d,
G o t o t he c rea t in g a w ho l e t ri b e of fo ps ,
G o t t we e n
’
sl e e p a n d wa k e We ll , t he n ,
L e gi t i m a t e E dga r, m u s t h a e yo u r la n d I v
v
O u r fa t he r s l o e i s t o t h e b a sta rd Edm u n d
’

A s t o t h e l e gi t i m a t e fi n e w o rd, —l e gi t i m a te
We ll , m y l egi t i m a te , i f t hi s l e t t e r s pe e d,
v
A n d m y i n e n t i o n t h ri e , E dm u n d t h e ba s e v
S ha l l t o p t he l e g i t i m a t e g ro w prospe r . I I
Ne w , go ds , st a n d u p fo r ba s ta rds

E n ter G LU O C ES T E R .

G leu . Ke n t b a n i sh d t hu s
’
a nd F ra n c e in c h o l er pa rt e d
A n d t h e k i n g g o n e t o n i gh t su b sc ri b e d hi s po w e r -

C o n fi n e d t o e hi bi t i o n x
Al l t h i s do n e
U p on t h e ga d Edm u n d, h o w n e w w ha t n e ws ?
E dm S o pl e a se y o u r l o rdshi p , n o n e
. .
[P u tti n g up the le tter .

G to u W hy so e a rn e s t l
y o u t o pu t y se e k up t ha t l e tt er ?
I
.

E dm k n o w n o n e w s , m y l o rd
. .

G l o w W ha t pa pe r w e re yo u rea di n g ?
.

E dm . N o t hi n g ,
m y l o rd .

Gto u . No ? Wha t t h e n , t ha t t erri bl e di s pa t c h o f i t i n t o y o u r

n e e de d,

p o c k e t ? t he qu a l i t y o f n o t h i n g h a t h n o t s u c h n e e d t o hide i ts e lf Le t s s e e
’
.

c o m e , i f i t b e n o t h i n g, I s ha ll n o t n e e d s pe c ta c l e s .

E dm I b e se e c h y o u ,
. s i r, pa rdo n m e i t i s a l e tt e r fro m m y b ro t he r, t ha t I
ha v e n ot a ll
’
o e r rea
-
d a n d fo r so m u c h a s ha e pe ru s e d, I v
fi n d i t n o t fi t fo r I
you r o ’
er -
l o ok i n g .

Gl ou . Gi v e m e t h e l e tt e r, si r .

Ed m I sh a ll o ffe n d, e i t h e r t o de ta i n or gi v e it . T he c o n t e n ts , a s i n pa rt
I
.

u n de rs ta n d t hem , a re t o b la m e .

’
let
’
G lou Le t s se e , s se e .

Ih
.

j u st i fi ca t i o n y
’
E dm . o pe , fo r m y b ro t he r s , he wro t e t hi s b u t a s a n essa

or t a st e of my vi t r ue .

G l eu .
[Rea ds ]
“
v
T hi s po l i c y a n d re e re n c e o f a g e m a k e s t h e w o rl d b i t t e r t o
t h e b e st o f ou r t i m e s k e e ps o u r fo r t u n e s fro m u s t ill o u r o l dn e s s c a n n o t re l i s h
t he m . I b e gi n to fi n d a n i dle a n d fo n d b o n da g e i n t he O pp re s s i o n o f a ge d
t y ra n n y w h o sw a y s , n o t a s i t ha t h po w e r, b u t a s i t i s su ffe re d Co m e t o m e ,
I I
.

t h a t o f t hi s m a y s pe a k m o re If o u r fa t h e r w o u l d sl e e p t i ll wa ke d hi m ,
.

y o u sh o u l d en o j y ha l f hi s re v enu e fo r e v e r, a nd li ve t he be l o vd e of y o ur
b ro t h e r, ED GA R
— — Sle e p t i ll I w k e d hi m —y o u sh o uld e n j o y ha lf hi s
.

“
H m c o n s pi ra c y !
u a

—My so n Edga r 1 Ha d h e ha n d to w ri t e t his ? a hea rt a n d bra in

,

re ve n u e
”
a

t o bre e d i t i n —Wh e n ca m e t hi s t o y o u ? w h o b ro u gh t i t ?
,
 A M B I TI O ZV, E N V Y, A ND D E F O RM I T Y .
31

E dm . It w a s n ot b ro u gh t m e , m y l o rd t he re
’
s t he cun n in g o f it If ou n d

i t t hro w n in a t t he e a se m e n t o f m y c l o se t .

G lo w Y o u k n o w t h e
. c h a ra c t e r t o be y o u r b ro t he r s ’

E dm If t h e m a t t e r w e re g o o d, m y l o rd,
. du rs t I sw e a r i t w ere h i s bu t , i n
r e s pe c t o f t h a t , I
w o u l d fa i n t hi n k i t w e re n o t .

G l ou . It i s hi s .

E dm . It i s hi s h a n d, m y l o rd b u t ho pe hi s h e a rt i s n o t i n th e I c on t en ts

v
.

G l ou . H a t h h e n e e r h e re t o fo re sou n de d y ou i n t h i s bu si n ess ?
E dn i . N e ve r ,
m y l o rd bu t Ih v h a e e a rd hi m o ft m a i n t a i n i t t o b e fi t , t ha t ,
son s a t p e rfe c t a ge , a n d fa t h e rs d li i g
ec n n t he fa t h e r sh o u ld b e a s w a rd t o t h e
v
,

n d t h e so n m a n a
so n , a
g e h i s re en u e .

Glo u . O vill a in , vi ll a in Hi v y s er o pi n i o n i n th e l e t t e r Abh o rre d

vi ll a in U n n a t u ra l , de t e st e d, b ru t i sh vi ll a in w o rse t h a n b ru t i sh Go,
s i rra h, se e k hi m I ll
’
a
p pre h e n d hi m a b o m i n a bl e v i ll a in Whe re
”
is he
Ki n g Le a r, a ct i . so .

If w e n ow t ur n t o B a con s
’
E ssa y on
“
C u n n i n g, w e fi n d t he

le tter tri ck of Edm u n d S ome p rocure them e x a c tl y de sc ri be d : “

se lves to be su r ri sed a t such ti mes , a s i t i s li ke the p a r ty tha t the

p y
w ork up on , will sudden ly co m e up o n them a n d to be fou n d wi th a

le tter i n thei r ha n d, or doi n g som e wha t whi ch they a re n ot a cc u sto med

w i th the en d, they ma y be Op p osed f
o those thi n gs, whi ch o f them se lves
they a re desi ro u s to u tter .
”
T hi s si t u a t i o n is pre t t c l o se l a ppro x i y y
m a t e d, fo r Edm u n d a ll o w s hi s fa t he r t o su rp ri s e hi m w i t h t he
fo rg e d le t t e r e xp re ssl y t ha t i t m a y b e re a d, a nd hi m se lf ca te

c hi s e d a s t o t he c o n t en t s a n d b e a r i n g t he r e o f . Thi s e x a m pl e

of
“
c u n n in
g is v y er m u ch a ft e r t he m a n n er of l a go
’
s p ra c t i c e
u po n O t he llo ; a nd Gl o u c e st e r i s, a s Edm u n d e x c la i ms, “
a c r e du

l o u s fa t he r, ”
w i t ho u t m u ch su spi c i o n . B a c on w ri t e s
“
Fo r
so m e a r e b e go t t e n o f o ld m en , som e o f y ou n g m en . A ga i n , so m e

i n t he fe r v en c y of t he fa t h e r
’
s lo v e (a s i t is comm on ly i n ba sta rds)
”
o t he r s a ft e r t he c o oli n
g of it a s i n lo n g m a rri e d c o u pl e s Hi s t .

”
Li fe a nd D e a t h, Ex p .

W hy b ra n d the y us

W i th b a se ? w i th b a se n e ss ? ba s ta r dy ? ba se , ba se ?
Wh o i n t h e l u st y st e a l th of n a t u re , t a k e
M o re c o m po s i t i o n a n d fi e rc e qu a l i t y
Th a n do t h , w i t hi n a du ll , st a l e , t i re d b e d
G o t o t he c re a tin g a w h o l e t ri b e of fo p s ,
d wa ke
’
G o t twe en a sl e e p a n

Le a r , a ct i . s o.
 32 A M B I TI OJ V, E N VY, A ND D E F OR M I T Y .

T HE BA STARD “
DO N J O H N .

“
( Mu c h A do a b ou t No t hi n g .

In t he pla o f y “
M u c h Ado a b o u t No t hi n g we a re on ce m o re

p r e se n t e d w i t h a B ASTA RD i n t he p e rso n of Don J ohn , ha lf

b ro t he r t o Do n P e dro , P ri n c e o f Arra go n . H e re ga i n (a s i n
a
”
Ki n g L e a r ) t he ba st a r d i s de pi c t e d a s a n e n v i o u s , m a le o le n t v
v ill a i n , w ho i s a t t he b o t t o m of a ll t he m i s c hi e f i n t he p la He y .

i s i n t ro du c e d i n t he fi r st a c t a n d t hir d sc e n e w i t h hi s two

f ollo wers, C o n ra de a nd B o ra c hi o . Th e se t w o m e n a re e m
p o l y ed

a s s pi e s, a n d a n sw e r e x a c t l y t o w ha t B a con wri t e s i n hi s Essa y

“
O f F o l l o w e rs a nd F ri e n ds .
” “
The re i s a ki nd of F ollowers
li k e w i se w hi c h a re da n
g e ro u s, bei n g i n deed esp i a ls ; whi ch i n qu i re
the house, a n d bea r ta les of them to others Ye t su c h
the sec rets o f .

m en m a n y tim e s a re i n g rea t fa v o u r ; fo r t he a re o ffic i o u s, a n d y

c om m on ly h e xc a n
ge ta l e s . Alm o st w i t h t he rst w o rds ora c hi o fi B
u t t e rs a n d re p o rt s y
hi m se lf i n t he p la , w e fi n d hi m fu l l li n g t hi s fi
role of a n espi a l, a n d li s t e n i n t o t he se c re t s o f t he Pr i n c e a n d
g
C la u di o , w hil st se c r e t e d b e hi n d t he a rra s .

B ora Be i n g e n t e rta i n e d fo r a I
perfu m e r, a s w a s sm o ki n g a m u st y ro o m ,
I
.

c o m es m e t h e pri n c e a n d Cl a u di o , h a n d i n h a n d, i n sa d c o n fe re n c e : w h i pt
me b eh i n d t h e a rra s : a n d t h e r e h ea rd i t a gre e d u po n t ha t t h e pri n c e s h o u l d

w o o H e ro fo r h i m s e l f, a n v v
d ha i n g o b ta i n e d h e r, gi e h e r t o C o u n t C la u di o
”
.

(Ac t i se 3, M u c h Ado a b o u t N o t hi n g )
. .

Do n J o hn i s fi rst i n t ro du c e d a s a m e la n c ho l y , di sc o n te n t e d
ma n, w ho ( a s C o n ra de sa y s t o hi m )
“
ha s o f la te stood o ut a ga i ns t
his brother . Do n J o hn , i n spi t e o f r e s t o re d fa v ou r ha t h ta k en

y ou n ewl yi n to hi s gra c e is e n vi o u s o f C la u di o , w ho ha s be c o m e
Do n P e dro
’
s
“
ri ght ha n d or fa v o u ri t e . Whe n t he B a s ta rd hea rs

of Cla u di o s e n ga
’

g em e n t to H e ro , he de t e rm i n e s to c ro ss it .

E n ter DO N J O HN a nd Bo RA C H i o .

D J ohn It i s so t h e C ou n t Cla u di o sha ll m a rry t he da u ghte r o f Le o n a t o .

I
. .

B or a Y ea , m y l o rd bu t
. c a n c ro s s i t .

D J ohn A n y ba r, a n y c ro ss , a n y i m pe di m e n t wi ll b e m edi c i n a bl e t o m e ;
I v
. .

a m s i c k i n di s pl e a s u re t o h i m , a n d w h a t s o e er c o m es a t h w a rt hi s a ffec t i o n

ra n ge s e v en l y wi t h m i n e . H ow ca n s t t ho u c ross t his m a rri a ge ?

 A M B I TZ ON, E N V Y, A ND D E F O R M I T Y .
33

Dora . No t h o n e stl y , m y l o rd ; bu t so c o ve rt l y t ha t no di sh o n e st y sh a ll
a pp e a r In m e .

D J ohn Sh o w m e b ri e fly h o w
. . .

B o ra . I thi n k I t o ld you r l ordshi p a ye a r si n c e , how m u ch I a m i n the

fa vour o f M a rga re t , t h e w a i t i n g ge n t l ew o m a n t o H ere .

D J ohn
. . I re m e m b e r .

B or a . I ca n , a t a n
y u n se a s o n a bl e i n st a n t of t he n i gh t , a ppo i n t h er t o l o o k
t h e r l a dy
’
ou t a s c ha m b e r w i n do w .

“
T he r e a r e c o n c ei t s t ha t so m e m e n t ha t a re of a n i ll a nd m ela n

chol
y na ture, do i n c li n e t he c o m pa n yI n to w hi c h t he y c om e to be sa d
a nd i ll di sp osed
-

yv
S l a Sy lv a ru m ,
”
Ex .

L e on . Wa s n o t C ou n t J ho n h e re a t su p pe r ?
Ant . I sa w hi m n o t .

B ea t . H o w t a i t l y t ha t ge n t l em a n l o o k s ! I v ne er ca n se e hi m b u t I a m
h e a rt bu rn e d
-
a n h ou r a ft e r .

H er o . H e is of a ver y m ela n c h ol y
di sp os i t i o n .

“
( M u c h Ado a b o u t N o t hi n g ,
a ct ii . se .

PH I LI P THE BASTARD .

Ki n g
y
In t hi s pla w e ha e t he ba st a rd Phili p , who i s ha lf br o t he r v
t o Ro b e rt Fa u l c o n bridg e , so n t o Si r Ro be rt Fa u l c o n bri dg e .

P hi li p i s t he e l de st so n , bu t r e li n q u i she s hi s ri
g h t s a s he i r i n

fa v ou r of hi s y ou n
g e rb ro t he r, pre fe rri n g t o b e k n i ht e d b
g y t h e

Ki n g, a nd t o be o pe n l y
r e u t e d t he b a s t a r d s o n
p o f Ri c ha rd O oe u r

de Li o n . In t he de pi c t i n g o f t hi s c ha ra c t e r w e s e e ho w fa i t h fu l
to hi s Essa s y B
a c o n ha s be e n F o r w e fi n d Phi li p b i t t e r i n .

w o rds , a n d, li k Th e r si t e s , a il e r He fi ds fa u lt , d bu se s
'

e ra . n a n a

Au st ri a a nd t he Da u
p hi n, a n d c o n fe ss e s i n t he fo llo w i n g sp e e c h
hi s c o m pl e t e c ha ra c t e r , w hi c h i s t o ra i l, ou t of e n vy, a bu se w ha t
he do e s n ot p o sse s s
A n d w hy r a il I
o n t h i s C o m m o di t y ?
’
Bu t fo r b e c a u se h e h a t h n o t w oo d m e y e t
I v
No t t ha t ha e t h e po w e r t o c l u t c h m y h a n d,

“The n hi s fa i r a n g e ls w o u ld l u t e m y p a lm
sa

B u t fo r m y h a n d, a s u n a tt e m pt e d y e t ,
Li k e a po o r b e gga r, ra i le t h o n t h e ri c h .

I
W e ll , w hil e s a m a b e gga r, w il l r a i l I
An d sa y t h e re i s n o s i n b u t t o b e ri c h
An d b e i n g ri c h , m y i rt u e t he n s ha ll b ev
0
34 A flI B I TI O JV, E N VY, A ND D E F O RM I T Y .

To sa y t here i s n o i ce b u t be gga ry v .

S i n c e k i n gs b rea k fa i t h u po n c o m m o di t y ,
G a in , be m y l o rd, fo r w ill w o rs h i p t h e e I .

Ki n g J o hn , a ct

Li k e The rs i t e s hi s t o n gu e i s sc u rr i lou s a n d s i t e fu l
p ; hi s de
s c ri
ptio n of hi s ha lf bro t he r Ro be rt i s e v ide n t l y c o lo u re d wi t h
en v y a t hi s l e gi t i m a c y of bir t h :

B a st . M a da m , a n i f m y b ro t he r ha d m y sha pe ,
An d I h d hi a s , si r Ro be rt s hi s , l i k e h i m
’

A n d i f m y l e gs w e re t wo su c h ri di n g rods , -

M y a r m s su c h e e l ski n s s t u fld, m y fa c e so t hi n
"
-

Tha t i n m i n e ea r Id u rs t n o t s t i c k a ro s e

Les t m e n sh o u ld sa y, Lo ok, w he re t hre e fa rt hi n gs go e s

(Ac t i . sc .

Whe n t he Da u phi n m a k es lo v e to Bl a n ch of Spa i n , n iec e to

Ki n g J o hn , t he ba sta rd e x c la im s

In su c h a lo v e , so vil e a lou t a s he .

An d a v
fi n e t o u c h i s gi e n i n t he s c e n e la id b e fo re An gi e rs,
w he re t he b i t t e r n e ss m o st a t hi s he a rt i s ro u s e d i n a m o m e n t by

t he w o rds “
breed,
” “
we ll born bloods,
-
”
w hi c h re fl ect u po n a nd

re m i n d hi m of t h e i ll e gi t i m a c y of hi s b i rt h

In b ri e f, w e a re t h e Ki n g o f E n gla n d s su bj ec ts
’
F i rst Ci t .

For h i m a n d i n his ri gh t , w e h o l d t h is t o w n .

K J ohn A c k n o w l e dg e t he n t h e k i n g , a n d le t m e i n
. . .

F i rst Ci t T ha t ca n w e n o t b u t h e t h a t pro es t he ki n g
. v
T o hi m w i ll w e pro e l o y a l t i ll t ha t t i m ev
Ha ve we ra mm d
’
u p our
ga t e s ga i n s t t h e w o rld
a .

K J ohn
. . D o th n ot t he c ro w n o f E n g l a n d pro v e t he k i n g ?
A n d i f n o t t ha t , I
b ri n g yo u w i t n e sse s ,
T w i c e fi ft e e n t h o u sa n d h e a rt s o f E n gla n d s b re e d,
’

B a s t Ba st a rds , a n d e l se
. .

. . v
K J ohn T o e ri fy o u r t i t l e w i th t he i r l i e s v .

K P hi l As m a n y a n d a s w e ll bo rn blo ods a s t hos e ,

. .
-

B a st . S o m e ba s ta rds t o o .
(A c t 1 1 . se .

Thi s t ri fl e sho w s t he ex q u i si t e de li ca c y of t he pa i n t i n g i n t hi s

T he ba sta rd P hi li p i s pro u d o f hi s fa t he r s blo o d (Ri c ha rd

’
a rt .

k
C oe u r de Li o n ) , w hi c h s p e a s i n hi s fe a rl e ss u t t e ra n c e a n d sp i ri t e d
’
ren u n c ia tio n of hi s c a l i m s t o hi s bro t he r s la n d, so m uch so

t ha t Q u een Eli n o r e x c la im s
 A M B I TI OIV, E N V Y, A ND D E F O R M I T Y 35

I lik e t he e w e ll w i l t t h o u fo rsa k e t hy fort u n e ,

:

B e qu e a t h t hy l a n d t o hi m , a n d fo ll o w m e

(Ac t i . so .

Ne v e rt he le ss he n e v er forge t s t ha t he i s ba sta rd, a nd i t b e sp ea k s

a w o n de rfu l k n o w le d e o f
g t he hu m a n hea rt , ho w i n a m o m e n t he
i s st u n g by a w o rd i n t o b i tt e r r e m e m bra n c e o f w ha t he i s, w hi c h
k
he s e e s t o di sc ha rge a n d re li e v e hi m se lf o f, by c ha lle n gi n g a n d
bi t t e r sel f ir o n
-
y .

EN VY .

B a con , i n hi s Essa
p o n En v , w ri t e s y “
A n d i t i s a l so n o t e d
u y ” “

t ha t Lo ve a n d E n vy do ma ke a m a n p i n e, w hi c h o t he r a ffe c t i o n s do

n o t , be c a u s e t he y
a r e n o t so c o n t i n u a l
”
.

dy
”
In t he t ra ge of J u li u s Cae sa r n o t hi n g i s dra w n w i t h gr e a t e r
a rt t ha n t h e c ha ra c t e rs o f Ca ssi us, Bru tu s, a n d Ca sca A t t he .

open i n g o f t he pla yw e a re pr e s e n t e d wi t h a sc e n e i n w hi c h Ca ssi u s

b e gi n s t he w o r k o f u n de rm i n i n g a n d i n fla m i n g t he m i n d o f B ru t u s

a
g i n st C ae sa r
a H e d e sc rib e s ho w he
. sa v ed Cae sa r s li fe fro m
’

dro wn i n g i n t he T ib e r, a n d e c la i m s x
I( a s
'

grea t a n c e st o r,
A i n ea s, o u r

D i d fro m t h e fl a m es o f T ro y , u p o n hi s sh ou lde r,
Th e o l d A n c hi s es he a r ) , so fro m t h e w a e s o f T i b e r v
I
Di d t h e t i re d Cea sa r a n d t hi s m a n
Is n ow bec om e a God , a nd Ca ssi u s is
A w r e tched c rea tu r e , a nd m u s t ben d hi s body,
If Caesa r ca r e less l y bu t n od on hi m .
(Ac t i . se .

Appl yB a c on s
’
fu rt he r re m a r k s u po n
“
En vy i n t hi s p a s sa g e
“
Aga i n , En vy i s e v er j o i n e d wi th the co mp a ri n g of a m a n s self ; a n d
’

where there i s n o comp a ri son n o en vy . Ca s si u s sa v edCae sa r s li fe by

’

bei n g a b e t t er s wi m m e r, a n d it i s a n ota bl e fe a t u r e i n En (i f vy
n ot in a re a t de a l of hu m a n na t u r e ) t ha t i f a m a n su rp ri s e o t he rs
g
q
by sho w i n g t a l e n t s o r u a li t i e s he w a s n o t su sp e c t e d o f po sse ssi n g,
x
he w i ll e c i t e c o m p a ri s o n i n t ho se p o i n t s w he r e he ha s p ro e d hi m v
s e lf i n fe ri o r t o t ho s e w ho n o w e n hi m F o r t he m i n d i s e a sil vy . y
i n c li n e d t o j ud e a
g ma n by on e thi n g, a nd fro m t hi s w e a k n e ss to

c la im su
p e ri o ri t yi n othe r thi n gs . Whe n t he re fo r e o n e wi t h w ho m we

ha v e b e en on fa m ili a r a nd i n t i m a t e t e rm s, w ho m w e ha v e i m a gi n e d
36 A M B I TI O IV, E N VY, A ND D E F O R M J T Y .

w e ha v e m ea sur e d, a n d ta k en e x ha u s t i v e s t oc k o f, a ll a t on c e

sur pri s e s u s by go i n g t o t he fro n t , t he m i n d re c e e s a ru de sho c , iv k

a n d i n sul t e d s e lf c o m a ri so n fa lls b a c
p
-
a t o n c e u po n t ho se po i n t s k
w he re w e ha v e ro e d su e ri o r
p p v
Ca ssi u s c o n t i n u e s a b o u t Caesa r .

H e ha d a fe ver w h e n h e w a s i n S pa i n ,
A n d w he n the fit w a s o n hi m di d m a rk I
H o w he di d sha k e : t i s t r ue t hi s G o d di d sha k e ,
’

H is c o w a rd l i ps did fro m t he i r c o l o u r fly ,
A n d t ha t sa m e e y e , w h ose b e n d do t h a w e t he w o rld,
D i d l o se his l u st re did h e a r h i m gro a n I
I ,
a nd t h a t to n gu e of h i s , t h a t b a de t h e Ro m a n s
M a rk hi m , a nd w ri t e his s pe e c h e s i n t h e i r b o o ks
Ala s it c ri e d, Gi v e me so m e dri n k , Ti ti n i us,
As a sickY e g o ds i t do t h a m a z e m e ,
g i rl
A m a n o f su c h a fe e bl e t e m pe r sh o u l d
S o g e t t h e s t a rt o f t he m a j e st i c w o rld,
A n d b ea r t h e p a l m a l o n e .
(Ac t i . so .

Fa m i lia ri t yb re e de t h c o n t e m p t . A n d, a s B a con a dm i ra bl y re

ma r k s —“A ma n t ha t ha t h no v ert u e i n hi m s e lf e v er en vi e th

v e rt u e in o t he rs . Fo r m e n
’
s m i n ds wi ll e i t he r fe ed u po n t he i r

own go o d, o r u p o n o t he r s e v i l
’
; a nd who wa n wth the on e wi ll p rey
the other f hop e to tta i n to a no ther s vert u e,
’
up on a nd who so is ou t o a
’ ”
wi ll seek to co m e a t even ha n d, by dep ressi n g a no the r s fortu ne . In t he

pa s sa
ge we a re a bo u t t o c i te m a y b e fo u n d a n e xa c t p a ra lle l to t he
w o r ds q u oted fro m B a c on a s t o t he p i n i n g or thi n n i n g j
e ects
'

o f
E n vy, i n t he p e rs o n of Ca i
ss u s .

Ca zs a r. L e t m e ha v e m en a b o u t m e , t ha t a re fa t ,
S l e e k h ea de d m e n , a n d s u c h a s sl e e p 0 n igh ts
’
o

Ya n d Ca ssi us ha s a l ea n a n d hu n gry l ook,

H e t hi n ks to o m u c h su c h m e n a re da n ge ro us .

(Ac t i . se .

d: Cae sa r t o o ha d
’
In Plu t a rc h s li fe of C ae sa r we rea so m e su s

p i c i o n of hi m (Ca ssi u s
) ,
a n d he e v e n sa id on e da y t o hi s fri e n ds,
W ha t t hi n ky ou of Ca ssi u s ? Id o n ot li k e hi s pa l e l o o k s .
’
An
o t he r t i m e , w he n A n t ho n y a nd Do la b e lla w ere a c c u sed o f som e

de si gn s ga i n st hi s p e r so n
a a nd go v e rn m e n t , he sa id, ha e n o ‘
I v
a ppr e he n si o n s fr o m t ho s e fa t a nd sleek m en ra t he r fea r the p a le I
a nd lea n a n es,
’
m ea nin
g Ca s si us a nd B ru tu s
”
(
“
J u li u s Owsa r,
”

La
’
P lu t .
,
v ol . iv .
,
n ghorn e s c d .
,
 A M B I TI OIV, E N V Y, A ND D E F OR M I T Y .
37

It i s e v i de n t B b orr o w e d fro m t hi s pa ssa g e

a c on An d w e ca n .

on l y a dm i re a n d r e s e c t t he
p fi
de li t w i t h w hi c h he ha s a dhe re d y
i n t he se pa rt i c u la rs t o hi st o r y .

Plu ta rc h, i n hi s li fe o f ru t u s, de sc rib e s Ca B ssi u s a s a ma n of

v i o le n t
p a ssi o n s, a nd a n en em y t o C aesa r, ra t he r f rom p erso na l
”
tha n p oli ti ca l ha tred . An d t hi s i s a l so i m pli e d or su
gg e st e d in
t he pa g e s fro m
ssa t he pl a y q u ot ed . Bu t he re w e fi n d t he
e xp re ssi o n i t s e lf

Wi t h fu ll as ma n y s i gn s o f de a dl y h a t e ,
A s l ea n
fa c
'
d en vy i n he r l o a t h so m e ca e v .

Ki n g H en ry VI a ct i ii . 8 0.

Caesa r re m a r k s of Ca ssi u s

S u c h m e n a s h e b e n e e r a t h e a rt s e a se , v ’

Whil e s t he y b e ho ld a gre a t e r t ha n t he m s e l ves ,

A n d t h e re fo re a re t h e y e ry da n g ero u s v .

(Ac t i . so .

The ro o t s o f t he m a l e p e o n -
y di ,
r e d, t i e d t o t he n e c k, do t h
h e lp t he F a lli n g si ckn ess ; -
a nd li k w ie se t he In cu bu s, w hi c h w e ca ll
” “
t he Ma re ( S lv a Sylv a y ru m , Ce n t . x .
,
Ex .

Ca ssi . Bu t so ft I p ra y y ou : wha t di d Cees a r sw o o n ?

H e fe ll do w n fo a m d t m ou th , a nd
’
Ca sed . i n t h e m a rk e t pla c e -
a nd a wa s

s p e e c hl e ss .

B ru tu s .
’
Ti s v er y l i k e h e h a t h t h e F a lli n g s i ck ness -
.

Ca ssi . No , Caesa r h a th i t n o t b u t y o u a n d I
A n d h o n est Ca sed w e ha v e t h e F a l li n g s i ckn ess -

J
.
,
“
( u li u s Cae sa r, a ct i . so .

T he r e w a s a n y
E g pt i a n S oothsa yer t ha t m a de A n thon i ns
be li e v e t ha t hi s g e n i u s w hi c h o t he rw i se w a s bra ve a n d confiden t)
(
wa i n t h e pr e se n c e o f Octa vi a n us Caesa r, p oor a n d cowa rdly; a n d
s

t he re fo r e he a dv i se d hi m to a bsen t hi mself ( a s m u c h a s he c ou ld)

a n d rem o v e fa r fro m hi m . T hi s S oo t hsa y er wa s t ho u ght t o b e

su b o rn e d b y Cleop a tra , t o m a k e hi m li v i n Eg p t ,
e y a nd o t he r

re m o t e p la ces fro m Ro m e . H o w so e v e r, t he c o n c e i t o f a P redomi

n a n t or M a steri n g Sp i ri t .

,
of on e ma n o v e r a n o t he r, is a n cien t a n d

re c ei v ed st i ll , e v en in v u lga r o pi n i o n
”
(
“
y
S lv a Sylv a ru m ,
Ce n t . x .
,
Ex 9 39,.
38 A M B I TI O IV, E N VY, A ND D E F O R M I T Y .

No w c o m pa re t he fo llo wi n g pa ssa
g e fro m t he se c o n d a c t, t hir d
sc e n e , o f t he P la y of
“
An t ho n y a n d C le o a t ra
p ,
”
a nd ma r kh ow

t ho ro u g hl y a n d e n t i re l yB a c on s
’

pro s e i s re p rodu c e d .

S ooths a yer Bu t y e t hi e yo u t o Eg yp t a g a i n
. .

A n tho n y Sa y t o m e , w h os e o rtu n es s ha l l rise high e r,

'
. F
Caesa r s o r m i n e ?
There fo re (Oh A n thon y ) s ta y n o t by his s ide .
'
S oo thsa yer Caesa r s . .

Thy Dee mo n , t ha t s t hy sp i ri t w hi c h k e e ps t he e , is
’

N o ble , c o u ra ge o u s , high, u n m a t c ha ble ,

W he re Caes a r s is n o t Bu t n e a r hi m , t hy a n ge l
’
.

B ec om es a f ea r a s b e i n g o e rpo w ered , t he re fo re
’

M a k e spa c e e n o u gh b e twe e n you .

(Ac t n . so.

The r e su lt o f t hi s a v
d i c e i s t ha t A n thon y e x c la i m s, “
I wi ll to
E gyp t,
”
sho w i n
g ho w e xa c t l y t he p la yf o llo w s t he pa ssa
ge we

q u ote fro m B a con . We se e t hi s i n v

e en li t t le t ri fle s li k e t he

a dhe re n c e t o t he t i t l e “
Soo thsa yer
”
a nd t he se q u e n c e o f na rra v
ti e .

A n t ho n y ’
s c ha ra c t e r is (p a a rt fro m Cae sa r s
’

)
“
bra ve a nd c on

fi de n t ,
” “
n o bl e , c o u ra
g eou s ; in Caesa r s
’
c o m pa n y it t u rn s

p o or a n d c o w a rdl y ,
”
a nd hi s g e n i u s b e c o m e s a fe a r An“
.

e xp r e ssi o n of B a c on s
’
is “ ”
M a st e ri n g Spi ri t s, a n d w e fin d i t i n
t he se w o rds of A n t ho n y
No pl a c e w i ll pl ea s e m e so , n o m e a n o f dea t h ,
As h ere b y Caesa r a n d by y o u c u t o ff,
T he c ho i c e a n d ma s ter sp i ri ts o f t his a ge .

(A c t i ii ; se .

Ma c b e t h sp e a ki n
g of B q a n uo

M a c be th T here i s n o n e b u t h e ,
.

Wh o se b e i n g do fea r : a n d u n de r hi m I
M y gen i u s i s rebu k a l a s i t i s sa id
’

M a rk A nt hon y s wa s by Caes a r
’
.

M a c b e t h, a ct i ii . sc .

U n de r “
Fa sc i n a t i o n B a con w ri t e s i n t he Fo u r t h B k oo of
“
The
Ad v a n c em en t of Le a rn i n g
”
(
c ha p t e r i ii .
) Whe n c e t he c o n c e i ts

ha ve gro w n, m a de lm o s t p o pu la r o f t he Ma s te ri n g Sp i ri t ; of
a

m en om i n ous a n d u n luc ky ; o f t he st ro e s o f l o v e a n d e n ; a nd k vy
o f o t he rs o f li k e na ture .
”

Ca s B u t wh a t o f Ci ce ro ? sha ll w e s o u n d hi m ?
.

I t hin k h e w ill s ta n d e ry s t ro n g w i t h us v .

Ca s ca Le t u s n o t l ea e hi m ou t
. v .
 A M B I TI O /V, E N VY, A ND D E F O R M I T Y .
39

Ci n . No by no m ea n s.

v v
,

Met
0 , l e t u s ha e h i m , fo r h i s sil
. er h a i rs
Will pu rc ha s e u s a go o d O pi n i o n
’
v
A n d b u y m e n s o i c e s to c o m m e n d o u r de e ds
It sh a ll b e sa i d, h i s j u dgm e n t rul e d ou r ha n ds
Ou r you t hs a n d w ildn e ss sha ll n o whi t a
ppe a r,
Bu t a ll b e b u ri ed i n h is
g ra vi t y .

B ra . 0, na m e hi m not let u s n ot b re a k wi t h h i m
Fo r h e w ill ne ver fo ll o w a ny t hi n g
Tha t o th er m e n b egi n .

J u l i us Caes a r, a ct ii . se .

Wha t c a r e fu l a n d e x a c t st u d
y of Ci c e ro
’
s li fe t he a u t ho r m u st
ha v e gi ven ! F o r Ci c e r o ,
g o f t he Ora c l e o f De lp hi , by en q u i ri n

w ha t m e a n s he m i ght ri se t o t he gr ea t e st glo r , t he p ri e st e ss y
b a de hi m F o llo w n a t u r e , a n d n o t t a e t he o pi n i o n o f t he m u lt i
‘
k
t u de fo r t he gui de
’
of hi s li fe . A n d Ci c e ro ha d n o sha re i n t he
c o n spi ra c y a
gai n s t Cae sa r, t ho u h he w a s o n e
g of B p a rt i en
ru t u s
’

l a r fri e n ds . Plu t a rc h de s c rib e s hi s a n i t v y a s di sgu st i n g, a n d

no do u bt he ha d t o o e x a lt e d a n o pi n i o n of him se lf t o fo ll o w
a n y on e .

Ca ss i u s . Di d C i c e ro sa y a n ythi n g ?
Ca sca . I ,
he s po k e G reek .

Ca s s . To w h a t e ffe c t ?
Ca sca . Na y ,
a nd I t ll y
e ou t h a t , I ll
’
n e er
’
l o o k y ou i n t h e fa c e a ga i n Bu t .

t h ose t h a t u n de rs t oo d hi m sm i l e d a t on e a n o t he r, a n d sh oo k t h e i r h e a ds

b u t for m i n e o wn pa rt , i t w a s G r eek t o m e .

J liu us C aesa r, a ct i . so .

v
Thi s pro e s t he a u t hor o f t hi s p la yw a s a t ho ro u gh sc ho la r .

t o G re e c e , tt en d
’
F or Ci c e ro , i n fe a r o f Sylla s re s e n t m e n t , r e tir e d a

i n g t he l e c t u r e s of A n t i o c hu s a t A t he n s, a nd is re po rt e d by
P lu ta rc h t o ha v e de c la im e d i n G re e k a t Rho de s , w he re he s t u di e d

un de r t he rhe t o ri c i a n A po llo n i u s , t he so n of M o le . T he sa me

w ri t e r sa y s a t fi r st he w a s ca ll e d “
a Greek a nd a scho la s tic
”
a t

Ro m e , a nd la t e r on i n li fe r e n de r e d t he G re e kt e rm s o f l o gi c a nd

na tu ra l p hil o so p h y i n t o t he Ro m a n g la n ua g e . P lu t a rc h a fi
f rm s

t ha t Ci c e ro ga v e L a t i n t e rm s fo r t he se G re e k w o rds, p ha n ta si a ,

“
C i c e ro Th e se
’
e Plu t a rc h s
syn ca ta thesi s, ep oche, & c .
,
&c .
(Vi d
ex q ui si t e st u di e s o f c ha ra c t e r a nd hi st o r y ,
ca rri e d ou t to t he

m i nu t e st p a rt i c u la r s, b y t he a u t ho r o f t he pla y s, a re a ll a ga i n st
40 A M B I TI O IV, E N V Y, A ND D E F O R M I T Y .

S ha k p es e a re . Fo r i f w e a re to c re di t M r G la dst o n e S ha k e spe a re ,

on ly w t ro e fo r t he c om m on p p e
e o l a nd w ha t s ho u l d t he pe o pl e
ca re w he t he r C i c e ro k n ew G re e k or n o, or w he t he r he w a s

a ma n w ho w o u ld n ot fo llo w t he l e a de rshi p o f o t he rs ? W hy
s ho u ld a n a u t ho r w ri t i n g fo r bre a d, p re sse d fo r le i su re a nd m ea n s,

e n t er in to a ll t he se a rt i st i c a n d e x q u i si t e fi n i s hi n
g t o u c he s , w he re

a ll i s t ru t h ?
“
It ha t h b e e n o bs e rv e d tha t i n a n ger the eyes wa r. red
”
Na t .

H i st ,
Ex p .

A n d C i c e ro
Lo o k s w i t h su c h fe rre t a n d s u c h fi e ry ey es ,

A s w e ha e v se e n h i m i n t h e C a pi t o l ,
Be in g d in co n fere n ce by so m e s e n a t o rs
’
c ro ss .

(
“
J u liu s C a esa r,
”
a ct i . so .

Ki n gs i n a n cien t tim e s (a nd a t t hi s p re se n t i n so m e c ou n t ri e s )
w e re w o n t t o p u t grea t trust i n E u n u chs ,
:
be c a u se t he y t ha t a re

e n vi o u s t o w a rds a ll, a re m o re obn o xi ou s a n d o fli c i o u s t owa r ds

on e Bu t y e t t he i r t ru st t o w a rds t he m ha t h ra t he r b e e n a s t o
.

” “
good sp i a ls a n d good whi s erers
p I n T w e l ft h
y
Ni ght w e fi n d Vi o la pla i n g t he pa rt o f a n Eu n u c h, a n d b s c o m
i n g t he t ru st e d con fid a n t, m e ss e n g e r, sp
y , a nd w hi sp e re r of Du k e

O rsi n o .

Ca p . Be y o u h i s e u n u ch , a n d yo u r m u t e I l l be
’
.

(A c t i . so .

C re sa ri o ,
Th ou k n o w s t
’
no l e ss b u t a ll I v ha e un c la sp d
’

T o t he e t h e b o o k e v en o f my s e c re t so u l .

(Ac t i . se .

The Eu n u c h Ill a rdi a n

(i n
“
An t o n y a nd Cle o pa t ra is se n t to

An ton yt o w hi sp e r i n hi s ca r t he p r e t e n de d de a t h of Cle o pa t ra ,

a nd t o p la y th e pa rt of a tr ust e d spy to re
p o rt t he e ffe c t

Cl eo . To t he m o n u m e n t
M a rdi a g o t e ll h i m
n, h a e sla i n m yse l f I v
S a y t h a t t h e l a s t s po k e w a s I
A n t o n y,
A n d w o rd i t , pri t hee , pi te o u s ly h e n c e M a rd i a n

A nd bri n g m e ho w he ta kes m y dea th .

(Ac t i v . sc .
 A M B I T I O ZV, ENV Y , A ND D E F O R M I T Y .
41

T he r e i s u se a lso of A mbi ti on s m en i n pu lli n g do w n t he gre a t

n e ss o f a n
y su b e c t j t ha t o v e rt o ps

The pa rt Ca rdi n a l Wo ls e pla s i n Ki n g He n r t he Ei ght h y y “

y
k
i n pu l li n g do w n t he Du e o f u c i n gha m i s a n o t a bl e illu st ra t i o n B k
o f B ’
a c o n s w o rds H e w ri t e s : “
It i s c o u n t e d by so m e a w e a
. k
n e ss i n Pri n c e s t o ha v e fa v o u ri t e s : bu t i t i s of a ll others the best
”
re m ed
y a ga i ns t a m bi tio u s grea t on es .

The Ea rl of Sur re y e xc l a i m s t o Ca r di n a l Wo lse y

Thy a m b i t i o n
’

(Th o u sc a rl e t si n ) r o b b d t h i s b e w a il i n
g la n d
Of n o bl e Bu c ki n g h a m .

III H e n ry V .
,
a ct iii . so .

In t he sa me ma n n er a s W l y m v d B ki
o se re o e uc n
gha m, No rfo lk
a nd S u ffo l k su c c e e d i n pu lli g d w W l y
n o n o se .

Cro m w e ll , I c h a rg e t h ee flin g a w a y a m bi t i o n ,
B y tha t si n f ell the a n ge ls how ca n m a n the n

(The Im a
ge of hi s m a k e r) ho pe t o w i n by i t 2
‘

H e n ry VIII .
,
a ct iii . 80 .

C o m pa r e Fo r t he desi re o f p ower wa s the fa ll of a n gels, t he

de si re of k n o w le d e
g t he fa ll of ma n
”
(Pr e fa ce t o t he
“
I n st a n
”
ra tion , p .

“
Men of Noble bi rth a re n o t e d t o be en vi ou s t o w a r ds n ew m en

w he n t he y ri s e . F o r t he di st a n ce is a lt e r e d
”
En v y
B a ck . Thi s b u t c h e r s
’
cu r is v en o m e d -
m o u t h e d, a nd I
Ha v t h e p o w e r t o m u zzl e hi m , t h e re fo re b est
e n ot

No t w a k e h i m i n hi s sl u m b e r A B egga r s boo/c
’
.

Noble s
’
Ou t w or ths
-
a blo od .

(Ac t i . se .

Ca r di n a l W o l se y wa s a man of m ea n bi rt h, a nd t he en vy hi s
r i s e c re a t ed a m o n gst t he n o b ili t y i s w e ll i llu st ra t e d a t t he c om

m e n c em e n t of t he pla y of
“
He n r y t he Ei ght h .
”
We a re pr e
se n t e d w ith B g ha m , No r o
u c ki n ,
a n d Aber a
g f lk v en n y ,
ea ch m a d

wi t h en v y a n d ha t re d o f Wo l s e
’

y ps ri de ,
p o w e r,
a nd a m bi t i o n .

B a ck Th e de i l s pe e d hi m
. v no ma
’
n s fi re i s fre e d
F ro m hi s a m b i t i o u s fi n g ers .
 C HAPTER III .

m
’
oo n s ES SA YS AP P L I ED T O T HE PL A S Y .

S US P I C I O N, MA L I C E, C UNNIN G , Ere .

Th a t c u c k o ld l i es i n b l is s v
Who , c e r ta i n v
o f hi s fa t e , l o es n o t h i s wr o n g e r

w h a t da m n ed m i n u t es t e ll s he
’
Bu t , o h, o e r,

Who do t es , y e t do u b ts , sus pec ts , yet s tr o n gl y lo ves !

O t he ll o , a ct iii . se
.

I AGO S i ll i y i
’
v a n s c hi e fly ca u s e d by disa pp o i n ted a mbi tion , fo r t he

pl y p
’
a ow ith
ens hi s c om p la in t s a
g i n st O t he llo
a s p r o m o t i on of

Ca ssi o o v e r hi s hea d

Rod Tho u to ld st m e t h o u di dst h o l d h i m i n t hy h a t e

'
. .

I a go Des pis e m e , i f do n o t
. I
Three gre a t o n es o f t he . cit y ,

In pe rso n a l su i t t o m a k e m e h i s l i e u te n a n t ,
O ff ca pp d t o hi m a n d, b y t he fa i t h o f m a n ,
’
-

I k w m y p i I m w th
no r c e, a or no w o rs e a pl a ce

B t h
u l vi g h i
e, a s w p id o n s o n r e a nd pu rpo se s,
Ev d t h m w i t h
a es b mb t ie ,
a o as c rc u m s ta n c e

H o rri bly st u fld w i t h e pi t he ts
'
of wa r

A n d, i n c o n c lu s i o n ,
N o n su i ts m y m e di a to rs fo r, C e rt es , sa y s he ,

Ih lrea d y c h ose m y
a ve a o ffi ce r.
”

A n d w h a t w a s he ?
F o rso o t h , grea t a ri t hm e t ic i a n ,
a

One M i c ha e l Ca s si o , a lo re n t i n e, F
A fe llo w lm o st da m n d i n fa i r w i fe
’
a a

T ha t ne v e r se t a s qu a dro n i n t he fie ld ,

No r t he v
di is i o n o f a b a t t le k n o w s
M o re t ha n a s pi n s t e r u n l ess t he b o o k is h t h eo ri c ,
W here i n t h e to g ed c o n su ls ca n pre po se
A s m a s te rly a s he m e re pra t t l e, wi t h o u t pra c t i ce ,
Is a ll his so ldi e rs hi p Bu t he , s i r, ha d t h e e l e c t i o n
.

I
A n d , o f w h o m his e y es ha d s e e n t h e pro o f
A t Rhodes , a t Cy pru s, a n d on o t h er gro u n ds
C h ris t ia n a n d h e a t h en , m u st be be lee d a n d ca l m d
’ ’
-

By de bi to r a n d c re di t o r : t hi s c o u n t e r ca s te r, -
 S DSPI C I O N, M A L I CE , C UNNI NG , E T C .
43

H e , i n go o d t i m e , m u st hi s l i e u t e n a n t b e ,
A n d I—G o d b l e ss t he m a rk hi s M o orshi p s
’
-
a n c i en t.

(A c t i . se .

B a con s
’
Essa y u po n
“
Am bi t i o n A m biti on i s li k e c ho l e r ;
w hi c h i s a n hu m o u r , t ha t m a k eth m en a c ti v e, e a r n e st , fu ll of

a la c ri t y a n d s t i rr i n g, if i t be
be stopp ed, a n d n o t stop ed
p . Bu t if i t
ca n n o t ha ve hi s wa y, i t beco me th a dust, a n d thereby m a li gn a n d veno m

o us
”
. H ow e a c tl t hi s de sc rib e s x
’
y
a go s c he c e d a m b i t i o n , I k
c ha n
ge d i n t o t he p o i so n o f t he se rp e n t , w hi c h ha s c r e p t i n t o
O t he ll o
’
s b o so m i n o rder o n l t o s t i n g hi m t o hi s de st ru c t i o ny .

I a go Why , t h e re s n o re m e dy
. t i s t he
’ ’
c u rse o f s e r vi c e,

Pre ferm e n t go es by l e t t e r a n d a ffec t i o n ,

An d n ot by o ld gra da t i o n , w h e re e a c h s e c o n d
St o o d h e i r t o t he fi rs t No w , si r, be j u dge y o u rse lf,
.

W h e t he r i n a n y I j u st t e rm a m a fli n e d
v
To l o e t he M o o r .

I w ld t f ll w hi m t h ou no o o en .

I g O i t t y
a ;o .
, s r, c o n e n ou

I f ll w hi m t v m y t o o
p hi m (A t i o se r e u rn u on c . so .

B i th p
a c on ,
g qn t d i d b t edl y th i ki g
a ssaf th e uo e ,
s un ou e n n o e

d i t i w ll w t hy fl t i t h t wh ll I g ’

p t
ser e n ,
a n s e or re ec on a en a a o s

v i ll i y i di l
a n d t th s d f t h pl y w fi d t h f ll wi g
s c o se a e en o e a ,
e n e o o n

t t i h m
ex n y wi t h t hi id
a r on s ea

L od . Wh ere i s t ha t Vip er ?
B ri n g t h e vi ll i a n fo rth ,
’
Othe l l o I l ook do wn towa rds hi s f ee t bu t tha t s a fa ble .

v)
.

(Ac t .

Ho w e l s e a re we to u n de rsta n d t he se w o r ds of O t he llo
’
s e x pt ce

by r e fe re n c e t o t he fa bl e of t he ser
p e n t of Pa ra di se , c ra w li n g i n

t he du st ( or
“
a dn st a s B a con w ri t e s ) a t the feet ? B a c on s
’
m i n d,

a s we k n ow by hi s “
Wi sdom of t he A n c i e n t s, wa s fo n d of

ra t i o n a li z i n g a ll fa b l e s . The w a y he i n t e rpr e t s t he Pr o e rb s o f v
S o l o m o n i n t he “
Ad v a n c em en t
p r o v e s t hi s A n d we e n t u re t o . v
su
gg e st t ha t t he v a st a m ou n t o f sc r i p t ur a l llu si o n , p a ra p hra se ,
a

a nd a ppli c a t i o n t o b e fo u n d i n t he pla s y ca
’
ll e d Sha e sp e a r e s m a y k
be r e fo u n d r e e c ho e d i n t he
-
Two oo B k s of t he A d v a n c em en t

a nd t he “
De A u gm e n t i s A li t t l e o o c a ll e d Sha . b k “
k e sp e a re a n d

t he B ”
i bl e c a ll s a t t en t i o n t o o n e side o f t he u e st i o n q . The t he o
l o gi ca l side of B a c on s
’
wri t i n gs ha s n ev e r r ea ll y re c e i v ed t he
44 S US P I CI O N, M A L /C E , C UNNI N G , E T C .

a t t e n t i o n i t de s e rv e s . Dr Abb o t ha s c e rta inl ydv e o t ed a c ha p t e r

t o i t i n hi s e di t i o n o f t he Essa y s . B u t t he ext ra o r di n a r y st u d y
B a con m a de of t he B ibl e m a y be e st i m a t e d fro m t he fa ct t ha t i n
“ ”
t he 1 6 23 De A u g m e n t i s t he re a re on e hu ndred a nd fifty quo ta
ti on s, a llu sion s, f
or re er en ce s to the Old a nd New Testa men ts a lone !
A n d i n t he Essa y s t he r e a re o v e r se v tyen o f su c h a llu si o n s .

F o r t he p la o f y “
O t he llo t he b e s t
”
c o m m e n ta r y a re B a con s
’
Es sa y s

on
“
S u spi c i o n
”
a n d “
A m bi t i o n — “ The re i s n ot hi n g m a k es a

ma n susp ec t mu ch more tha n to kn ow li ttle : a nd t he re fo r e m e n sho u ld

rem e d y su sp i c i on by p rocuri n g to know m ore, a n d n o t t o e e p t he i r su s k

p i c io n s i n sm o ther . x y
H o w e a c t l t hi s fit s t he susp i ci on s of Othello .

A n d do e s n ot B a co n p e rha
p i n t hi s w o r d
s sm o ther
“
p o i n t a t t he
smo theri n g o f De sde m o n a ? O t he ll o n e w li t t le e k x c ept w ha t he

g t h
ae r e d fr o m I
go , w ho s e t ru t h a
a nd ho n e s t yh e o u ght to ha v e

he ld i n s u sp e n s e be fo re hi s w ife s
’
.
“
Wha t w o ul d m e n ha v e ?
Do t he y t hi k th n ose they emp loy a nd da d wi th a re sa Do they
i n ts 7
n ot thi n k they w ill ha ve the i r own en ds, a n d be true r to themselves, tha n
to them ? Therefore there i s better wa y to m odera te susp i ci on s t ha n
no

to a cc ou n t u
po n su c h su sp i c i o n s a s t ru e a n d ye t to br i dle the m a s

fa lse
”
If O t he llo ha d on l y o be y ed t he l e t t e r of

t he s e i n j u n c ti o n s he w o u ld ha ve ta rri e d fo r b e t t e r e v i de n c e , a n d

q u e st i o n e d t he i n t e gri t y of I a
g o a t t he sa m e t im e .
“
Fo r so fa r a

ma n o u ht
g to m a k e u s e o f susp ic i ons a s t o pro v ide , as if tha t sho u ld
be true tha t he susp ec ts yet i t ma y do hi m no hu rt . S u sp i c i o u s t ha t
t he m i n d o f i t se lf ga t he rs a r e bu t b u z z e s ; bu t susp i cio ns tha t a re

a rti fici a lly n our ished a n d p u t i n to hea ds, by the ta les a nd whi sp er
’

, m en s

i n gs of o thers ha ve sti n gs .
”
Thi s i s j u st t he c a se of O t he llo , w ho se
su s
p i c i o n s a re
pu t i n t o hi s hea d a n d n o u ri s he d a rt i fi c ia ll y by t h e

t a le s a nd w hi sp e ri n g s of I a
go . The e n t i re m o ra l of t hi s t g dy
ra e

m i ght be c om
p ri s e d i n t he w o rds— t o o m u c h su sp i c i o n , t o o li t t le

su s i
p c io n . In t he pla y of t he
“
Wi n t e r s
'

Ta le ,
”
t he j ea lo u s y of

Le o n t e s i s grou n de d li k e w i se u po n s u sp i c i o n , bu t of t he m i n d

i tself, se lf c rea -
t e d by a su sp i c i o u s na t u re . O t he llo i s si m ple ,

c r e dul o u s,
pa ssi o n a te, v i o le n t . He n e i t he r re pr e ss e s hi s j ea lo u s y
or gua rds ( a s B a con su
gge st s i n t he fi rs t li n es of hi s Essa y)
a
ga i n st t he da n
ge r s of gi vi n g to o ea s y ea r to o t he rs . B a con
 S US P I CI O N, M A L I CE , C UNNI N G , E T C .
45

wr i t e s The y di sp o se ki n
g s to t y ra n n y ,
husba nds to j ea lou sy .

The se la st w o r ds, a s is a lso t he fi na l It a li a n

p ro v e rb ,
“
Sosp etto
li ee n ti a fede ,
”
y
b o t h pre t t di re c t hi n t s fo r O t he llo , w ho se fa i t h
a re

e n t i re l y de pa rt s w i t h t h e r st bre a t h o f sus p i c i o n fi Fo rd, i n t he .

“
M e rr y v
Wi e s o f Wi n dsor, i s a n o t he r e a m ple o f su spi c i o n It
”
x .

is a fa c t t ha t
p i c i o u s p e o pl e a r e o ft e n t he m o st c re du lo u s a n d
su s

u n su s e c t i n
p g w he re t he y
o u ght t o b e t he o pp o si t e , a n d t hi s i s n o

w he r e b e t t e r i llu st ra t e d t ha n i n O t he llo , w ho n e e r su sp e c t s t he v
on e b e i n g w ho de s e r v ed it u n t il t o o la t e . If t hi s Essa yd oe s n ot

a y
ppl e x a c t l t o t he pla s y y of t he
“
Wi n t e r s ’
Ta l e a n d O t he llo ,
”

“
s form i n
a
g t he i n teri or of t he i r a c tio n on w hi c h t he
p lo t
re v o l v e s , we a re i n de e d a t fa u lt . It i s t o b e re m a r k ed t he
v illa in y of I a
g o i s li k e w i se t he o u t c o m e o f susp i ci on .

I a go . Ih a t e t h e M o o r,
An d i t i s thou gh t broa d, t ha t t w i t m y sh e e t s
a
’
x
H e s do n e m y o fii c e
’ ’
I kn ow n o t if t be tru e,
.

B u t I f or m er e su sp i ci on i n t ha t k i n d,
Will do a s i f fo r su re t y .
(Ac t i . se .

I a
go
’
s su spi c i o n s a n sw e r e xa c t l y to B a c on s
’
w o rds :
“
Su s
pi c i o n s t ha t t he m i n d o f i t se lf ga t hers a re bu t buz ees Bu t su s .

i i ha t a r e a rtific ia lly nou ri she d a n d u t i n to m e n s hea ds b the

’

p c o n s t p y
“
ta les a n d whi sp eri n gs of others ha ve sti n gs ( Su spi c i o n Her e i s
e x a c tl y t he diffe re n c e b e t w e e n O t he l l o
’
s s u spi c i o n s a nd I a
go
’
s .

“ ”
The fo rm e r i n to his hea d of t he la tt e r
’ ’
s a re p ut on a c cou n t s

( w hi c h a re buzzes in o r de r t o be re v en
g ed for t he su s
pi c i o n of

a w ro n g . A fi n e t o u c h i s gi v en w he n I a
go e xc la im s
By J a n us I t hi n k n o.

Fo r B a c on de sc rib e s J a n us a s bi fro n s—t ha t i s, dou bled—

fa ced .

T he n e x t e ssa y of B a con s
’
w hi c h t hro w s a light u pon t hi s a rt is
t ha t o n Cu n n i n g .
”
T he w o n de rfu l w a y i n w hi c h a g o i n si n u I
a t e s t he p o i so n of j ea y
lo u s i n t o t he m i n d o f O t he llo i s r e e c t e d fl
i n t hi s Essa y ,
a s we sha ll S ho w . I a
g f
o,t e r ha i n
gaa ro u s e d v
i n t e rvi e w w i t h De sde m o n a ,
’ ’
O t he llo s su s pi c i o n s a s t o Ca s si o s

a nd hi s a c q ua i n ta n ce wi t h he r b e fo r e O t he llo
’
s ma rr i a
g , ca u ti on s
e

t i t l es fo r hi s Ess a y s i s I n ter i or i a Ite ru m , t he i n te r i or

’
On e of Ba c o n s or

o f thi n gs .
 46 S US PI CI OIV, M A L I CE , C UNNI N G , E T C .

hi m a ga i nst j ea lousy ,
w hi c h t ra n sfe rs, a s i t w e re , t he su spi c i o n he
y
i s t r i n g t o fa st e n i n O t he llo s m i n d fro m a n y a ppea ra n c e o f
’

S ho w i n g w ha t he i s rea ll t r i n g t o do a
g o ha vi n g i y y
n dle d t he . I k
fi rst spa r k s of j ea lo u s y ,
t ur n s t he ca t i n the p a n,
”
a n d s t re n gt he n s

hi s o w n e n ds by di sc la i m i n g a nd la yi n
g to O t he llo t he i m pli e d
c ha rge he i s ha st il yj ea lo u s
Oh b e w a re m y l o rd o f ea l o u sy J
It i s t h e g ree n e y ed m o n s t e r w hi c h do t h m o c k
-

The m ee t i t fee ds o n .
(Ac t iii . se .

B a con w ri t e s :
“
The re i s a cu n n in g, w hi c h w e i n En gla n d ca ll

the tu rn in g o f the ca t i n the p a n, w hi c h i s w he n t ha t w hi c h a ma n

sa y s to a n o t he r , he la ys i t a s if a no ther ha d sa id to hi m . An d t o

sa y t ru t h i t i s n o t ea s y ,
w he n su c h a m a t t e r pa sse d be t w e e n t w o ,
to ma k e it a pp ea r fro m w hi c h of t he m i t fi rs t mo v ed a n d b e ga n .
”

If w e st u d y th e w ho l e of t hi s sc e n e w he re I a
g o fi r st b e gi n s w o r k
ing u po n O t he llo
’
s mi n d, w e fin d t hi s x t ly
e a c illu s t ra t e d . Thi s

c a u t io n g i n st e a lo u s
a u t t e re d b y
a aj y Ig o, re a ds a s if Othello

a n d no t Ia go ha d fi rst sta rted the su b j e c t, d pla c e s t he la t t e r a n

in t he p o si t i o n o f a fri e n d e n de a o u ri n
g t o di sa b u s e a su s v
p i cio u s j
m i n d o f ea lo u s fa n c i e s T he e ffe c t a rgu e s fo r ho n e st . y
a n d go o d fa i t h, a n d e x c e p t i n m i n ds o f gr e a t w o r ldl e p e ri e n c e y x
a n d su b t l e t , p ro du c e s a y c o n t ra r r e su l t , s t re n t he ni n
g g t he su s y
p i c i o n s a l rea d h a rbo ur e d y
To c a u t i o n o t he rs a ga i n s t w ha t w e
.

a re y
t r i n g t o i n si n u a t e , i s a c e r ta in rul e of cu n n in
g o ft e n to be

re m a r k ed i n l i fe .

B e c a u se in o r de r t o fix su sp i c i o n s in a n o t he r s
’

m i n d, t he fi r st

t hi n g n e c e s sa r yi s t o di sa rm su sp i c i o n
g i n s t t he i n t e re s t e dn e ss
a a

or g ood fa i t h o f o u r e v ide n c e or m o ti es v
I f w e a re su spe c t e d,
.

ou r i n si n u a t i o n s ha v e no w e i ght . An d so i t i s w i t h Ia go His .

a rt i s to a pp ea r fra nk ,
ho n e st , ca u t i o u s , n o t t o o c e rt a i n o f hi s o w n

i n t hu s h a c tin
’
s u spi c i o n s , a n d g e g o e s fa r t o u n de rm i n e O t he ll o s

fa i t h The pla
. y of
“
O t he llo m i ght b e b ri e e xp r e ss e d a s S u s fly
p i c i on a n d di sa ppo i n t e d A m bi ti on , e m plo i n g Cu n n i n g a y s a n i n st ru
m e n t o f M a li ce u p o n o t he r s No t hi n g i s so st ri i n g . k a s t he ex

ha us t i v e ma n n er i n w hi c h B a c on s
’
Essa y s a pp l yb oth i n t i t le a nd
 S US P I CI OIV, M A L I CE , C UNNIN G , E T C .
47

in j
su b e c t m a t t e r t o t he a ffe c t i o n s or pa ssi o n s o f t he hu m a n m in d
a s p o rt ra y edi n t he pla y s fa l se l y a t t ribu t e d t o S ha k e sp ea r e .

B a con c o n c lu de s t hi s E ssa y on
“
Cu n n i n g
”
t hu s :
“
S o m e bu i ld
ra t he r u po n t he a busin g of o thers, a n d
( a s we n ow
y ) P u ttin g
sa

tr i cks up on the m, t ha n u p o n so u n dn e ss o f t he i r ow n
pro c e e di n g s .

T he tri ck o f t he ha k hi f by w hi h I g nd e rc e c a o c o n vi n c e s O t he l l o of

De sde m o n a i fi d li t y p t t y l ly x m pl q
’
s n e re c o se e a es t hi s u ota t io n .

Be i t o b se r v d th v b B
e m pl y e Ab i er a con e o s,
“
us n
g i s fre q u en tl y
i n t ro du c e d i t h pl y
n e a

Oth ll I m b d d m y li f e o . a a us
’

,
a n re e

M u st b e t o l oa t h h e r .

I a go . As I c o n fe s s it is m y na t ure s
’

pl a gu e
To s py in to a bu s es .
(Ac t ii i . se .

A ldi s Wri ght i n hi s G lo ssa r y (Essa y s) de sc r i be s t hi s w o rd a s

m ea
“
i g Decep ti on ,
n n Mockery,
” ”
a nd no do u b t t hi s i s v y er n ea r

w ha t Ba c o n i n t e n ds t o c o n e vy B . a con w ri t e s i n hi s Essa y on
“
Lo v e
” “
Ik n ow n ot ho w , bu t m a r tia l m en a re gi ven to love : I
t hi n k it i s, b u t a s they gi c en to w i
a re n e Thi s .
”
i s w e ll i llu s t ra t e d
i n t he p e rso n o f Ca s si o , w ho ge ts dr un k, a n d w ho s e a m o r o u s

r e la t i o n s w i t h B ’
i a n c a a ssi st t o fu rt he r a go s v i lla i n o u s c o n sp i ra c I y .

T he n w e ha v B e e rt ra m, a n o t he r
“
m a rt i a l m a n,
”
in “
A ll s
’
W e ll
t ha t E n ds W e ll , p u rsu i n
g a n i n t ri gu e wi t h Di a na a lso Fa ls t a ffe
a nd D o ll T ea r S he e t ; a nd e a ch of t he s e c a se s i llu st ra t e w ha t
B a c on m ea ns w he n he a dds t o t hi s re m a r k ,
“
F o r p e rils c om m o n l y
a sk t o b e p a i d i n pl e a su r e s .

VA I N G LO RY -
.

In hi s E ssa y Va i n g lo r ,
u po n
“
y B ”
a con sa y s :
“
In m i li t a r y
com m a n de rs a n d so l di e r s, ra i n glory i s -
a n l p o i n t ; fo r a s
e ss e n t i a
”
i ro n sha rp e n s by glory o n e c o u ra ge
i ro n , sha r e n e t h a n o t he r
so p .

In Tr
o i lu s a n d Cre ssi da w e fin d A a se t j x u
p a s c ha m pi o n of

t he G r e e k s g ai n s t A c hill e s, o n p u rp o s e t o s t i m u la t e a n d w he t
a _

’
t he p ride o f t he la t t e r H e c t o r s c ha ll e n ge t o si n gle c o m ba t
.

is a im ed a t A c hi ll e s
Ulysses T hi s c h a l l e n g e t ha t t h e g a l l a nt H e c t or se n ds ,

v
.

H ow e er i t i s S pre a d i n ge n e ra l n a m e ,
’

Re l a t e s i n pu rp o se onl y t o A c hil l e s .
(Ac t i . so .
48 S US P I C I OJV, M A L I C E , C UNNI N G , E T C .

Ul y sse s a n d Ne st o r
pl o t a de vi c e by w hi c h t he re su lt o f
lo t t e r yi
s t o fa ll u po n A a x , w i t h t he j
pu rp o s e o f ph s i c i n g y k
r id e o f t he i n s o l e n t A c hi lle s
p .

No ,
m a ke a l o t t e ry ,
v
A n d b y de i c e l e t bl o c k i s h Aj a dra w x
The so rt t o fi gh t w i t h H e c t o r a m o n g o u rse l ves,

v
G i e h i m a l l o wa n c e a s t h e w o rt h i e r m a n ,
F o r t h a t w i ll phy s i c t h e grea t m yrm i do n
W ho bro i ls i n lo u d
ppla u s e , a n d m a k e h i m fa ll
a

H is c rest t ha t prou de r t ha n b lu e ris b e n ds I .

(Act i . se .

In sh o rt , t he va i n glo r o f
-
y e a ch of t he se le a de rs of fa c t i o n i n
t he G rae c i a n t e n t s i s e m pl o y ed to pe c i a l pur p o se t o st i r a n d
s

ro u s e t he o t he r, p a rt i c u a r l ly A c hi lle s, w ho su l s i n hi s te n t k .

A j a x i s de sc ri b e d
Aj a xi s gro w n s e l f w i ll e d, a n d
-
be a rs h i s h ea d
In su c h a re i n , i n fu l l a s pro u d a pla c e
A s b ro a d A c h i ll es , a n d k e e ps hi s t e n t l i k e h i m
M a k e s fa c t i o n fe a s ts , ra i ls o n o u r s ta t e o f w a r
Bo ld as a n O ra c l e , a n d s e ts The rs i te s ,
A sl a v e, w h o s e ga ll c o i n s sl a n de rs l i k e a m in t,
To m a t c h u s i n c o m pa ri so n w i t h di rt .
(A c t i . se .

In t he s e la st li n e s de sc ri bi n g T he rs i t e s, w e fin d re e c ho e d
-

B a con s
’
de fi n ition o f e n vi ou s p e rs o n s : A m a n t ha t ha t h n o “

vi t r ue i n hi m s e lf, e v er en uieth vi rt u e i n o t he rs For m e n s m i n ds

’
.

w i ll e i t he r fe e d u po n t he ir own g o o d,
o r u po n o t he r s e
’
vil a nd

w ho w a n te t h t he on e w i ll pre y u po n t he o t he r . A n d w ho so is
ou t of ho pe t o a tt a in to a n o t he r s
’
vi rt u e , w i ll se e k to c om e
’ ”
a t ev e n ha n d by de pre ssi n g a n o t he r s fo r tu n e .

The v a y j
i n gl o r o f A a x i s t hu s pi c t u re d by The rsi t e s
-

The r . A w on de r !
A chi l W ha t ?
x
.

The r Aj a goes up a nd do wn t he fi el d a skin

g fo r hi m s e l f
'

.
. ,

A eh i l H o w so ?
.

Ther H e m us t fi ght si n gl y t o m o rro w w i t h H e c to r, a n d i s so pro phe t i c a lly

-

v
.

ro u d o f a n h e ro i c a l c u dg e l li n g t ha t h e ra e s i n sa y i n g n o t hi n g
p .

A ch i l H o w c a n t ha t be ?
.

Ther Why , he s t a l ks u p a n d do wn lik e a pea c oc k , a st ri de a n d a st a n d

.
-

ru m i n a t es l i k e a n h os tess t ha t h a t h n o a ri t h m e t i c b u t he r b ra i n t o se t do w n

he r rec k o n i n g : bi tes his li p wi th a po li t i c rega rd, a s who sho uld sa y There

 S US P I CI O IV, M A L I C E , C UNNI N G , E T C .
49

w e re w i t i n t hi s h e a d, a n
’
t w o u ld ou t a n d so t h ere i s , b u t i t l i e s a s c o ldl y
i n hi m a s fi re in a fl i n t , w hi c h w i l l n ot Sh o w w i tho u t k n o c ki n
g Th e m a n s
’

v
.

u n do n e for fo r i f H e c t o r brea k hi s n ec k
’
n ot i th e c o m ba t , h e ll b rea k t
’ ’
e er

h i m se lf i n vi a n -

gl ory .
(Ac t ii i . s e.

B O LDN ES S .

T he c ha ra c t e r s o f B a r do l h
p , Ny m ,
P i s t o l, d F a l st a ffe m i ght
a n

be e a ch fa i rl y e pi t o m i z e d a s a m i xtu re f
o boldn ess, i mp ostur e, a n d
i mp uden ce, w hi c h b o r de rs c lo s e l y u po n t he ri di c u l ou s, a n d e x cit es

o ur la u ght e r a t t he i r s w a shi n
g w o rds a nd w ea k p e rfo rm a n ces .

T he fi r st t hre e a re M ou n teba n ks u n u a li q fid I e . n B a c on s
’
Essa y on

B o l dn e s s
”
he se em s t o be e v i de n t ly W i t i r n
g w i t h j u st su c h
“
ly Moun teba n les
’
c ha r a c t e r s i n hi s m i n d s e ye . Su r e th a s e re a re

fo r t he na t u ra l b o d y : so a re t he r e M o un teba n ks fo r t he p o li t i c
bo d y . C e rta i n l y t o m en of gre a t j u dgm e n t B old p erson s a re a

sp ort to behold ; na
y a nd t o t he v u lga r a l so , Ba ldn ess ha t h
.
so m e

w ha t of t he ridi c u l ou s F or if bsu rdi ty be the

. a d ec t
sr j o f
la u ghter, dou bt you n ot, bu t grea t boldn ess i s seldom wi thou t som e
a bsu rdi ty . y
Esp e c i a ll , i t i s a S p o rt t o s e e , w he n a b o ld fe llo w
i s o u t o f c o u n t e n a n c e ; fo r t ha t pu t s hi s fa c e i n t o a m o st
shru n k en a n d w o o de n p o st u r e a s n e e ds i t m u st fo r i n ba shful
a n d co m e b u t w i t h b o ld m e n
n e s s, t he s
pi ri t s do a li tt l e go u pon

li k e o c c a si o n , t he y sta n d a t a st a y li k
,
e a st a le a t c he ss , w he r e i t
”
is no m a t e , bu t y e t t he ga m e c a n n o t st ir Ca n
we n o t se e a l l t hi s wi t h t he vis ua l eye , p a i n t e d i n Fa lsta ffe , w ho ,
c he c km a t e d by t he P ri n c e a nd P o i n s i n t he re c i t a l of hi s e xp l o it

w i t h t he t hi e v e s, m u s t ha v e e x hi bi t e d j u st su c h a c ou n te na n ce a s

B a con de sc r i b e s, w he n di sc o v e re d i n hi s m o u n ta i n of fa ls e ho o ds ?
The H o st e ss of t he B oa r s
’
H ea d rem a r k s w he n Fa lsta ffe pla y s

t he ki n g

0 t h e fa t h e r, h o w h e h ol ds hi s c o u n t e na n c e .

1 Ki n g H e n ry a ct ii . s e.

B a con o pe n s hi s Essa y u po n
“
B o l dn e ss by com
pa ri n g i t t o
A cti on . A n d t hi s i s a m o st p ro o u n f d o b se r a v t io n . F o r t he
e sse n c e o f b o ldn e s s i n t he se n s e B a con i m p li e s, i s t he i m p u de n c e
D
50 S US P I C I O IV, M AL I C E , C UNNI N G , E T C .

of la in
p y g a role , a nd a ss u m i n
g a
pa rt w hi c h, a s i n t he ca se o f

Ny m ,
B a rdo lp h, a nd Pi st o l is t ho ro u ghl y t he a t ri ca l, fu ll of

a ffe c t a t i o n , a nd b e lo n gi n g t o t he
ge ra t he r t ha n t o li fe The
s ta .

b ra v os o f a t ra n sp o n t i n e t he a t re m i ght b e i m a gi n e d t o s w a gge r,

bu l ly ,
a n d b lu s t e r a s t he se m o u n t e ba n s r ea ll do , a n d t he i r k y
re y
p e rt o r o f fu s ti a n e t ra a ga x v nce a n d b o m b a st i s t he r e pro du c

t i o n o ff t he s ta ge , o f w ha t w a s o n c e a c ha ra c t e r i s t i c o f lo w t hea t re s
a nd p o o r a c t o rs . The y a re re a ll y s ta
g e ra sc a ls li ght e n e d w i t h a
t o u c h of hu m o u r, b u t de v o id of Fa l s ta fle
'
’
s go o d fe llo w shi p a n d
-

re ay w it I B
d . n a con s
’ “
A n ti theta Reru m, u n de r
“
B o l dn e ss

(xxx i ii B k i v
“ ”
oo v .
,
Ad a n ce m e n t o f L e a rn i n g, 1 64 0, p . we

find Wha t a ction i s to a n O ra t o r, t he sa m e i s b o ldn e ss t o a

po li t i c ; t he fi r st , t he s ec o n d, t he t hi rd v i rt u e . Im p u de n c e is

g o o d fo r n o t hi n g b u t i m p o s t u re .

P A RA S I TE S A ND S YC OP H AN TS .

B a c on w ri t e s

Su c h w e re t ho se tre n cher p hi lo so phe rs w hi c h i n t he la t e r a g e

o f t he Ro m a n s t a t e w e re u su a ll i n t he ho u s e s o f gr e a t p e r so n s y
y
w ho m n o t i m pro p e rl y o u m a y ca ll so l e m n p a ra s i tes, o f w hi c h i n d k
L u ci a n ma k es a m e rr y de sc ri p t i o n of t he P hilo s o p he r t ha t t he

g r ea yt kt
t la d oo o ri de w i t h he r i n t he c o a c h, a n d w o u ld n e e ds

ha v hi m
e yh c a rr l i t t le do g M e li tte us, w hi c h he do i n g o fl
er i c i o us ly ,
m ly h fli i d I d bt hi l h
‘
a n dy t e u n co e ,
t e a
p g e sc o n
g s a ,
ou ou r
p o sop er
o
f a stoi c w i ll tu rn cyn ic
’ ”

(p g
a e 2 4 ,
oo i ,
“
A d a n cem en t of B k . v
L ea rn i n g

y “
T he pl a o f Ti m o n o f A t he n s i s i n grea t m e a s u re t a e n fro m k
k “ ”
t he G re e o f I/uei a n (Ho lm e s A u t ho rshi p o f Sha e sp e a re , p
* ’
k .

A pe m a n tu s y
i n t ha t p la i s t he phi lo so p he r a n d st o i c , a c o n de B
s c rib e s .
“
A n d c a n w e n o t s e e i n t he c o n t e t s o f t he w o rds p a ra x
s i te s,
”
tren cherf ri en ds i n t he pa ssa ge we n ow q u o t e, B a con s
’

p e n

re fl ec ted

“
Wa rbu rt o n dis co v
e re d t ha t t h e w h o l e of th e fi rs t spe ec h o f A u to ly c u s

( W i n te r s (Wa rd s
”
a s tr o l o g
’

b oo k
’
“
T a le i s t a k e n fro m Lu c i a
’

) n s u
po n
H i s t o ry of D ra m a t i c L i t e ra t u re
 S US P I C I OIV, M A L I CE , C UNNI N G , E T C .
51

Ti m o n. Li v e l o a th e d a nd l o n g,
M o st s m il i n g , s m o o t h , de t e st e d p a r a s i tes ,
C o u rt e o u s de st ro y e rs , a ffa b l e w o l e s , m e e k b e a rs ,v
Yo u fo o l s o f fo rt u n e , tren c he r f r i en ds , t i m e s fl i es ,
’
-

v v
C a p a n d kn ee sl a e s , a po u rs , a n d m i n u t e j a c k s
”
.

Ti m o n of A t h e n s, a ct i ii . so .

Bu t w ha t fu r t he r s t re n
gt he n s t he pa ra lle l, Ap e m a n t u s i s a s

m u ch c y n i c a s st o i c
’
Ap em a n tu s gr a ce.

Im m t l g d I v
or a o s, c ra e no pel f
Ip yf ra m b t my
or n o a n u se lf

G t I m y
ra n v p v a ne er ro e so fo n d,
T o t ru st m a n on hi s oa th or bon d
Or a h a rl o t , fo r h e r w e e pi n g
Or a do g t h a t se e m s a -
sl e e pi n g

Or a k e e p e r w i t h m y fre e do m
Or m y fri e n ds , i f sh o u ld n e e d I ’
e rn .

S o fa l l t o t
’
Am en .

Ri c h m e n si n , a n d I ea t ro o t .
(Ac t i . so .

The fi n e di st i n c t i o n o f c ha ra c t e rs dra w n b e t w e e n T i m o n a nd

Ape m a n tu s i s w e ll w o rt h y st u d y . Apem a n tu s i s st o i c a nd c y n ic ,

bu t w i t ho u t b e i n g m i sa nt hro p e . H e do e s n ot shu n m a n ki n d,

t ho u gh h e p e rfe c t l yp e n e t ra t e s t he m o t i v es of t he fla t t e re r s ,
w ho ,

ca lli n g t he m s e l v es Ti m o n
’
s fri e n ds, ea t hi m . It i s t hi s k n o w l e dg e

o f c ha ra c t e r w hi c h m a k es hi m c y n i ca l . It i s T i m o n
’
s i gn o ra nce

of t he w o rld w hi c h u p se t s hi s ba la n ce w i t h t he loa d of t he di s

c o v e ry m a de t o o la t e . Ape ma n tu s m a y be c hu rli sh a n d s o u r, bu t
li k e m e di c i n e u n pa la t a bl e t o t he t a st e , hi s p h si c , i f t a e n i n t i m e , y k
w o u ld ha v e sa v e d Ti m o n T he r e c a n b e li t t l e do u b t A p e m a n t u s
.

i s i n t ro du c e d a s a fo il t o c o n t ra s t a st o i c a n d c n i c w i t h a n e pi y
c ur e a u . T i m o n , w i t h hi s p a i n t e rs, p o e t s, p a ra si t e s, e w e lle rs, j
ba n q u e t s, a n d p r e s e n t s , u n do u b t e dl b e lo n gs t o t he la t t e r c la ss o f y
pl e a sur e s e e -
k e rs . Di re c t l yh fi e n ds he ha s be e n v i c t im i z e d b y hi s
fl a t t e ri n g fri e n ds a nd t re n c he r c o m p a n i on s, he fa lls i n t o t he
o pp o si t e e xt re m e of m i sa n t hro p y ,
a nd li k e a n o v e rl o a de d shi p

ca p si z e s . H e b e c o m e s, t o o la t e , t e n t i m e s m o re c y ni ca l t ha n Ap e
ma n t u s, w ho n ot on l yh a d t he w i sdo m t o m a k e u se o f hi s k n o w le d e
g
of t he w o rl d, b u t w o u ld n ot p u n i sh hi m se lf o n a c c o u n t o f i t On e .

e xt re m e l e a ds t o t he o t he r x
e t re m e It i s t o be r e m a r e d t ha t n o
. k
52 S US PI C I OJV, M A L I CE , C UNNI N G , E T C .

o n e u na c q
i n t e d wi t h t he phi lo s o ph o f t he diffe re n t sc ho o ls o f
ua y
c la s si c a l
philo so phi ca l t ho u ght , c o u ld ha e dra w n t hi s n i c e di s v
t i n c t i on be t w e e n c y n c a n i d e pi c u re a n , st o c a n i d m i s a n t hr o pe . T he
g re a t e r pa rt of t he G re e k of Lu c i a
fro m w hi c h t he pla i s ta e n
n y k
w o u ld n ot fu rn i sh a sc i o li st w i t h t he n e c e ssa r di st i n c t i o n s y .

P lu t a rc h i n t ro du c e s T i m o n i n hi s li n e s of An t o n y a n d Alc ibi a de s .

A lc i bi a des . I v ne er di d t h e e ha rm .

Y e s , t ho u sp o k s t w el l
'
Ti m o n . of me .

A l c i bi a des C a ll s t t h o u t ha t ha rm
’
.

T i m on . M e n da il y fi n d i t .

Ti m o n o f A t he n s, a ct iv . se .

So m e m e n a re p ra i sed m a li c i o u sl yt o t he i r hurt , thereby to s ti r

en vy a n d j ea lou sy towa rds them ; P essi m u m gen us i n i m i corn m la uda n

ti n m in so m u ch a s it wa s a p ro v e rb a m o n gst t he G rse c i a ns tha t

he tha t wa s p ra i sed to hi s hu r t, sho u ld ha ve a

p u sh ri se u po n hi s
” “ ”
n o se
( O f P ra i s e ,

Ap em a n tu s . H ea v en s t ha t Iw e re a L o rd .

T i m on . W ha t w o u lds t do t he n , Ap em a n tu s ?
doe s ha t e L o rd w i t h m y hea rt
’
Ap em a n tu s . E en a s Ap e m a n tu s n o w, a .

T i m on . Wh a t , t hy sel f
Ap em a n tu s . I .

“
( Ti m o n ,
a ct i . se .

Pri de i f i t a sc e n d from con temp t o f others to a con temp t o f i tself,

a t la st i s c ha n g
’
d i n t o P hilo so ph y (A n ti the ta ,
Pri de ,
”

“
He t ha t see k s hi s ow n p ra i s e , w i t ha l se e k s t he pro fit of

o t he r s
”
(A n ti theta ,
“
Va i n G lo r -
y ,
”
xix
) .

Thi s i s v y er n ea rl y t he t e x t o f t he se rm o n e m bra c ed i n t he

pla y of
“
Ti m o n of A t he n s

A p em . Wh a t a c o il s
’
he re
v
S er i n g o f b e c k s a n d j u t t i n g o u t o f b u rn s -

I do u b t wh e t h e r t h e i r l e gs be w ort h t he su m s
Tha t a re gi e n for e m v ri e n dshi p s fu ll o f dregs
'
. F ’

M e t hi n k s , fa lse h ea rts sh ou ld ne v er ha v
e so u n d
'
l e gs .

Th u s h o n e s t fo ol s la y o u t t h e i r w e a lt h o n c o u rt si e s .

T i m No w , A pe m a n t u s, i f t h o u w ert n o t su ll e n , w o ul d b e go od t o t h ee I .

I
.

Ap em No , I ll n o t hi n g : fo r i f sh o u l d be brib ed t o o , t he re w o u ld b e n o n e
’

v
.

l e ft t o ra il u po n t h e e , a n d t h e n t h o u w o ul dst s i n t h e fa s te r Tho u gi es t so .

l o n g , Ti m o n , I
fea r m e t h o u w il t gi e a w a y t h yse lf i n pa pe r sho rt ly : w ha t v
n ee d t hese fea st s , po m p s, a n d a i n gl o ri es ? v -
 S US PI CI OZV; M A L I C E , C UNNI N G , E T C .
53

Ti m . Na y , a n y o u b egi n t o ra i l o n soc i e t y o n c e , a m I sw orn n o t t o gi v e

re
ga rd t o y o u . F a re we l l a n d c o m e w i t h b e t t e r m u si c .
[ Fa i t
Ap e m S o .

Th o u w i l t n o t h e a r m e n o w t ho u sh a lt n ot t h en
I l l l o c k t hy h e a e n fro m t h e e
’
v .

0 , t ha t m e n s e a rs sho ul d b e
’

T o c o un sel de a f, b u t n o t t o fl a t te ry
Ti m o n , a ct i . se .

The de fo rm i t y of fla ttery is co mi ca l, bu t the da ma ge tra gi ca l

”
F la t t e ry, A n ti theta ,

He t ha t is fl e x i bl e c om e s n e a r e st t he na ture of G old
Fa c i li t y ,
”
x xi x .
, I
The c o n t ra st b e t w e e n A p e m a n t u s a n d Ti m o n o f A t he n s i s a
v yfi er ne st u d y o f c ha ra c t e r Ti m o n i s b e st su m m e d u p i n t he
.

w o rds o f Ap e m a n tu s

T h e m i ddl e of H um a n it y t h ou ne v er
'
k n e w st , b u t t h e e xt re m i t y of bo th e n ds .

T he c ha ra c t e r o f Ap e m a n tu s i s pr e t t yw e ll i n di c a t e d b y B a con .

y
'

The li ght e r s o rt o f m a li gn i t t u rn e t h bu t t o a crossn ess o r

fro w a r dn e ss, o r a p tn ess to opp ose, o r di ffic i l e n e ss o r t he li e ; b u t k

t he de e p er so rt t o e n v a n d m e r e m i s c hi e f y
S u c h m e n i n o t her .

ca la m i t i e s a re , a s i t w e re , i n s e a so n , a n d a r e e v e r on t he l o a di n g

p a rt ( ca sque se mp er a ggra ra n t ) n ot so good a s the dogs tha t li cked

bu zzi n g up on a n ythi n g tha t i s

’
L a za rus sores, bu t li ke fli es tha t a re sti ll

ra w
” “
( G o o dn e ss a nd G o o dn e ss of Na t u re
The hi n t B a con
g i v es u s i n t he w ord dogs se e m s t o i n di c a t e

t he s c ho o l o f cyn i cs t o w hi c h c la ss Apem a n tu s b e l o n gs, vi si t i n g

Ti m o n i n hi s m i se r y on l yt o i n du lge i n t he pl ea su re o f t e lli n g
hi m t he t ru t h, a nd t o li c k hi s s o re s w i t h
“
I
t o ld y o u s o
”
.

2Aw a y , u n pea c e a b l e do g ,
.

O r I ll S pu rn t h e e h e n c e
’
.

Ap e . I
w i l l fly li k e a do g , t h e h e e ls of t he a ss .

1 H e s o p po si t e t o h u m a n i t y
’
. .

“
( Ti m o n ,
a ct i . se . l .
)

T im o n i s e pi c u r ea n, Ap e m a n t u s st o i ca l a nd c y n i ca l a t t he sa me

t im e .

H a pp y a re t h e y t ha t h e a r t h e i r de t ra c t i on s , a n d c a n pu t t he m t o m e n di n g .

”
Mu c h A do a b ou t N o t hi n g , a c t i i se . .
54 S US P I CI OJV, M A L I CE , C UNNI NG , E T C .

For t he r e i s n o su c h fla t te re r a s a ma
’
n s s e l f, a n d t h e re i s no

su c h r e m e d y g i n st
a a fl a t te r y of a ma n s
’
se lf a s t he l i b e rt y of a

fri e n d Fri e n dshi p

A pem a n tus is su c h a fri e n d t o T i m o n of A t he n s, b u t w i t ho u t
e ffe c t .

The lea rn ed p a te
Du c k s t o t h e G o lde n F oo t
’
. A ll s o b l i qu e .

“
( Tim on , a ct iv . se .

W i se m e n fo ll o w fo o ls .
(Essa y o f S u pe rs t i t i o n .

I a m M i sa n thr op os, a nd ha t e m a n k i n d .

Ti m o n , a ct iv . se .

M isa n throp i ,
t ha t m a k e i t t he i r p ra c t i c e t o b ri n g m e n t o t he
a tree fo r t he p u rp o s e i n t he i r a r de n s
b o u ghs, a nd
ye t ha v e n ever g
a s Ti mon ha d G o o dn e ss a nd G o o dn e ss of

C o m pa re
I ha v e a tree w hi c h g ro w s h e re i n m y c l o se .

Ti m o n , a ct v . so .

No w bo th B a con s
’
q u ota tion a nd Sha k e sp e a re s a r e
’
ta k en fro m
P lu t a rc h

“
My L o rds o f A t he n s, Ihv a e a li tt l e y a rd i n m y ho u s e w he r e
t he r e gr o w e t h a fig tree, on the w hi c h m a n y c i t i z e n s ha e ha n ged v
t he m se l v es ; a nd be ca u se Im ea n to m a k e so m e b u i ldi n g o n t he

p l a c e, I th o u ght g ood t o l e t y ou a ll u n de rsta n d i t , t ha t b e fo re t he

fig t re e b e
-
cu t do w n i f a n
y of
y b
ou e de s e ra t e ,
p y o u ma
y t he re

i n t i m e g o ha n
g y o u rs e l v es
”
(No r t h s Plu ta rc h,
’ “
A n t o n i u s, p .

1 00, 2 n d c d , .

M e n sh u t t h e ir do o rs a ga i n s t a se tti n g su n .

Ti m on , a ct i . se .

P om pe yt u rn e d u p o n a g in , a a nd in e ffe c t ba de hi m b e q u iet

F o r t ha t m o re m e n a do r e d t he su n ri si n g, tha n the su n setti n g

(Essa y on
“
F ri e n dshi p,
”
Thi s i s b o rro w e d fr o m Plu ta rc h s
’

“
P o m pe y It i s w e ll w o r t h yd e ep a t te n t i o n t ha t t hi s pa s

sa ge do e s n ot oc cu r i n t he sa m e Es sa y ,
e di t i o n 1 607 1 2 , -
o r e di t i o n

1 61 2 . B a con wa s e vi de n t l y r ew ri t i n g t he Essa y s wi t h a vi e w to

t he i n s e r t i o n o f j u st t ho s e t o u c he s i n c o n ta c t wi t h t he pla y s,
 S US P I CI OJV, M A L I C E , C UNNI N G , E T C .
55

w hi c h so j u st i f y th e t i t le he gi v es t o t he m , “
B e In teriora Reru m , or

t he “
In te rior of Thi n gs
”
(Vi de
“
De Au g m e n t i s,
”
Sa t y ra S e ri a ,

.
Li be r In t hi s sa m e Essa y w e fi n d a n o t he r q u o ta t i o n fro m
’
Pl u ta Ca lp hu r n i a
’
rc hs li n e s, t o u c hi n g s dr e a m a n d De c i m u s
B ru t u s , i llu s t ra t e d by u s, t o b e r e fo u n d i n t he pla of J u li u s y “

C ae sa r .
”
v y
E e r m o m e n t w e c o m e a c ro ss P lu ta rc h F o r e x a m p le , .

i n t hi s Essa y The pa
: ra bl e of P ytha gora s i s da r kb ut t ru e Cor
ne a l i to : ea t n ot the Thi s i s q u ot ed by P lu ta rch
(
“
De
Edu c P u e r . .
,
Aga i n (Es sa y on
“
Fri e n dshi p “
I t wa s

w ell id by Them i sto cles to the Ki ng of P ersi a ; tha t sp eech wa s li ke

sa

c lo th of A rm s, op en ed a n d p u t a br oa d, w here by the i m a ger

y doth a p
ea r i ii fi ure h erea s i n thou ghts they li e bu t a s i n
p g w p a c ks
Thi s i s re pe a t e d b y Plu ta r c h, The m i st o c l e s (x i x x .

Plu ta rc h sa i t h w e ll t o t ha t pu rpo s e, Su re ly I ha d ra t he r a

g re a t de a l, m e n sho u l d sa y, t he r e w a s no su c h ma n a t a ll a s

Plu ta rc h, t ha n t ha t t he y sho u ld sa
y t,
ha t t he re w a s on e P lu t a rc h

t ha t w o u l d ea t hi s c hil dre n a s s o o n a s t he yw e re b o rn , a s t he p o e t s

sp ea k of Sa t u r n (Essa y on
“
Su p e r st i t i o n ,
”
1 62 5, B ri t . M u se u m
py ) y
“ ” “ ”
co . Plu t a r c h, De S u p e rst i t i o n e , x , E ssa on F o rt u n e , .

Cessa rem p orta s e t F or tu n a m ej e s,

”
S o S lla c ho se t he n a m e o f y
x
F e li , a n d n o t o f M a g n u s (Pluta rc h , Cae sa r,
”
xxxvii i . Plu t a rc h,

Syll
”
a ,

P lu t a rc h i s q u ot ed fi v e t i m e s i n t hi s Es sa y Ti m o l e o n , x x v x .

1 g S lla y ,
”
vi .

U S U RY , RE V E N GE .

Th a t i t i s a ga i n st N a t u re f or ,
m on ey to beget m on e y .

U su ry .

Thi s ide a i s re p e a t e d i n t he
“
M e r c ha n t of Ve n i c e

A n ton i o Or is y o u r go l d a n d si lve r ewes a n d ra ms .

I Im
.

S hy lock . ca n n o t t e ll , a k e i t br e ed a s fa st .

(Ac t i . se . 3 .

A s fo r M o rt ga gi n g or P a w n i n g, i t w i ll li t t l e m e n d t he m a tt e r
fo r e i t he r m e n w i ll n ot t a k e pa w n s w i t ho u t u se ; or if t he yd o,

Ba c on is a s fa m i l i a r w i t h Plu t a rc h a s Sha k e spe a re , —w h o t o o k J u li us Cae sa r,

C o ri o l a n u s , A n t o n y y N o rth s rc h
’

a n d C l e o pa t ra a l m o st e n t i re l fro m Pl u ta .
 56 S US PI CI O N; M A L I CE , C UNNI N G , E T C .

they will look p recisely for the Forfei tu re . I rem em ber a cru el

m on eyed m a n i n the co u n try tha t wou ld sa y ,

The Devi l ta ke this u su ry,

i t ke ep s u s from fmfei tur es of m or tga ges a nd bon ds U sur y

T he u se o f t he w o r ds Forfei ture,
” “
bond,
”
i s fre q u ent i n t he
M e rc ha n t of Ve n i c e
”
in c o n n e c ti o n w i t h S h lo c y k . If a n
y on e

se e m e d q ua li fi ed t o wri t e t hi s p la y it w B a s a con . H e ha d e xt en

si v e dea li n gs i n hi s li fe w i t h t he J e w s i n bo rr o w i n g m o n e y ,
a nd

wa s on c e a rr e st e d on hi s re t u rn fro m t he T o w e r, a nd t hro w n

i n to a i
g gn h u s e , o f w hi c h i n di gn i t
sp o n
o -
h e b i t t e rl c o m p la i n e d y y .

fi
O u t o f t he se di f c u l t i e s a ri si n g fro m de bt s he w a s a s si st e d b y t he
l i b e ra li t y of hi s bro t he r A n thon y, w ho se na m e in Ita li a n (A n to ni o)
a
pp ea rs y j
i n t hi s p la , a c t i n g u st su c h a pa rt t o w a r ds B a i sa n i o .

Mr y
Do n n e ll ha s a l re a d dra w n a t t e n t i o n t o t hi s y
Sh lo c , i n . y k
de e d, i s one w ho , i n Ba con s
’
w o rds, “
w ill look p reci sely for the F o r

fei tu re ,
”
a n d a s a crue l m on eyed ma n is r e pr e se n t e d i n t he pla y
k
l o o i n g ra t he r t o hi s F orfei tu re of m ortga ge a “ ”
n d hi s
“
bon d
’
fl
i n t he p o u n d o f e sh t o b e c u t fro m A n t o n i o s b o d y ,
t ha n to

re
pa ym en t of t he ca p i ta l
S hy . M y de e ds u po n m y he a d, I v c ra e t he la w ,
T he
p e n a l t y a n d fo rfe i t o f m y bon d .

P or tia Is h e n o t a bl e t o di s c h a rg e t h e m o n e y ?
.

Ba ssa n i o . Ye s , h e re It e n de r i t fo r hi m i n t h e Cou rt
Ye a , t wi c e t he su m , i f t ha t wi ll n o t su ffi c e ,
I w i l l b e b ou n d t o pa y i t t e n ti m e s o e r,
’

O n fo rfe i t o f m y ha n ds , m y h e a d, m y h ea rt
If t hi s w ill n o t s u ffi c e , i t m u st a ppe a r
Tha t m a l i c e b e a rs do w n t ru t h A n d b e s ee c h y o u. I
Wres t on c e t he l a w t o y o u r a u t ho ri t y .

T o do gr ea t r i ght, do a l i tt le w r on g ,
a

A n d c u rb t his cru e l de i l o f hi s wi ll v .

M e rc h a n t of Ve n i c e , a ct iv . se .

No t e how w e fi n d i n t hi s pa ssa
g e t he w o rds
“
forfei t ,
” “
bo nd,
cr u e l,
”
a s w e fi n d t he m i n t he pa ssa
ge q u oted fro m “
U su r y .

T he t hre e Essa y s, Usury,

”
Reven ge,
” “
F ri e n dship ,
”
illu s t ra t e i n
t he ir t i t le s t he “
M e rc ha n t of Ve n i c e , w hi c h p la y i dea li se s

Ba c o n wri t e s A n d t ha t w h i c h h e igh t e n s t he ir fea r is t ha t t he y k n o w

t he y a re i n da n
ge r to f orf ei t the i r fles h, b u t a re n o t wi s e o f t he
pa ym e n t da y
Of De a t h
 S US P I CI ON, M A L J CE , C UNNI N G , E T C .
57

Fri e n dshi p a nd
“
Re v e n ge , t he a c tio n of t he pl o t re v l vi
o n
g
u po n
“
U sur y ,
”
i n a sm u c h a s t he fri e n dshi p of A n t o n i o fo r Ba s

sa n i o c a u se s hi m t o fa ll i n t o S h lo c y k ’
s p o w e r . B a c on wr i t e s
“
A m o n g st w hi c h t ha t of a ll o t he r s i s t he m o st fre q u en t, w he r e

t he q u e st i o n is of a grea t dea l o f good to en su e o f a sm a ll i nj u sti c e

”

B k II
oo .
,
xx i .
, C o m pa r e t he li n e s a lr e a d y
q u ot ed
T o do a
gre a t ri
gh t , do a l i t t l e w ro n g .

Bu t t he n l e t a ma n ta k e he e d, t he Reven ge be su ch, a s there i s

no la w to p un i sh : e l se a ma n s
’
e n em y is st i ll b e fo re ha n d, a nd it
is t w o fo r o n e “
( Re v e n ge

Ho w e xa c t l y t he sp i ri t of t he se w o rds fi n ds re fl e c ti o n i n t he
Re v e n ge S hylock s e e k s u po n A n ton io i n t he “
M e rc ha n t o f Ve n i c e 1
”

F o r t he la w st e p s i n , t hro u gh t he re a di n g of P o rt i a ,
t o pu n i sh

y k
Sh l o c
’
s re v e n
g e .

P orti a Th e l a w h a t h y e t a n o t h e r h o ld
. on y ou .

It i s e n a c t e d i n t h e l a w s o f e n i c e , V
v
If i t b e pro e d a ga i n st a n a l i e n ,
T ha t by di re c t o r i n di rec t a t t e m pt s
H e s e ek t h e li fe o f a n y c i t i z e n ,
T he p a rt y g a i n st t h e w h i c h h e do t h c o n t ri e ,
’
v
S ha ll se i z e o n e h a lf hi s g o o ds , t h e o th e r ha lf
-

Co m e s t o t h e pri z e c o ffe r o f t h e S ta t e .

“
( M erc h a n t of V en i c e , a ct iv . se .

C e rt a i n l y i n ta ki n
g Reven ge a ma n i s bu t even w i t h hi s
’
e n em i e s ; bu t i n p a ssi n g it over he i s sup eri or for i t i s a Pri n c e s

p a rt to p a r do n

Du ke . T ha t t h ou sh a lt se e t h e di ffe re n c e o f o u r S pi ri t ,

Ip a r don thee thy l ife bef or e thou a sk it .

M e rc h a n t o f Ve n i c e , a ct iv . so .

T he w ho l e of t hi s Essa y u
p o n Re v e n ge br e e ds t he sa me sp i r i t

of m e rc yw e r e fin d i n t he p la y .

T h e qu a li t y o f m e rc y i s n o t s t ra i n d,
’

It dro ppe t h a s t h e gen t l e ra i n fro m hea en v

U po n t h e pl a c e b en e a t h .

M e rc h a n t o f Ve n i ce , a ct iv . so .

A n d S o lo m o n , I a m s u re , sa i t h, I t i s the glory of a ma n to

pa ss by a fi
n o en ce Re v e n ge
58 S US P I CJ O N, M A L I C E , C UNNI N G , E T C .

It i s t wi c e bl e s t ,
l t b le ss e t h hi m t ha t gi e s
’
v a n d h i m t ha t t a k e s

Ti s m i gh t i e s t i n t h e m i g ht i e st , i t b e c o m es
T he t h ro n e d m o n a rc h b e t t e r t ha n hi s c ro w n .

(A c t i v . se .

In t he Es sa y on
“
U su r y we re a d T ha t Usurers s ho u l d

ha v
Ora n ge ta wn ey B on n ets, b e ca u se t he do J uda i ze
e y .
”

It i s c u ri o u s i n a n o t e u p o n t hi s w o rd “
o ra n g e t a w n e -
y
y y
(G lo ssa r , Essa s , Aldi s Wri ght ) , to fi n d o u r se l e s b ro u ght
“ ”
v
(t hro u gh M r Kn i ght ) i n t o c o n ta c t w i t h S ha k e sp ea re a nd wi th

t he Ven etia ns .

O ra n ge ta w n e -
y ,
a dj . Of a da r k o ra n g e c o lo u r . In Kn i ght
’
s

‘
Sha k e sp ea re
’

(ii .
p . 2 5 0) i t is sa i d, Ve c e lli o , a Ve n e t ia n,

e x p r e ssl y i n fo rm s us t ha t t he J ews di ffe re d i n n o t hi n

g, a s fa r

a s re
g a rde d dr e ss, fro m Ven e tia ns of t he sa m e p ro fe ssi o n s, w he t he r

m e rc ha n t s, a rt i sa n s, &c .
,
w i t h t he e x c e pt i o n of a yellow bon ne t,
w hi c h t he yw e r e c o m p e l le d t o w ea r by o r der o f t he g o v e rn m e n t .
’

Se e a lso S i r W . Sc o t t
’
s de sc ri p t i o n of I sa a c o f Yo r ki n Iv a n ho e ,
’

c . 5 :
‘
He w o re a hi gh s q u a re y e llo w ca p of a p e c u l i a r fa shi o n
a ssi n e d to hi s na tion to di st i n gu i sh t he m fro m C hri s t i a ns
g
(E . x li .
p .

Do e s B a co n i n t r o du c e t hi s t ri fle a b o u t t he c o lo u r of t he J e w

U sur e rs
’
B o n n ets to gi v e us a hi n t for Shylock a nd Ven i ce ?
O ra n
ge
-
ta w n e y wa s t he c o lo u r a ssi
g d t o t h
nee J e w s b y la w .

A n d Mr Wright q u otes Ve c e lli o t o sho w t ha t t he

“
yellow bonn et
”

wa s comp u lsory i n Ven i ce .

c u Es .

B o th i n S t M a t t he w
’
s a nd St Ma r k ’
s G o spe l re fe re n c e i s m a de
to
“
t he dece i tf u ln e ss f
o ri c hes . B a con re p ea t s t hi s i n hi s Essa y
u
po n
“
Ri c he s “
Fo r c e rta in l yg rea t r i c he s ha v e so l d m o re m e n
t ha n t he yhv a e bo u ght ou t .
”
We ma y se e t hi s re fl e c te d i n t he

p la y of
“
Ti m o n of A t he n s, i n t he pa ra ble o f t he t hre e
a nd

Ca k
s e ts , e x e m pli fi ed in t he
“
M e rc ha n t o f Ve n i c e In t he

p a ra bl e of t he
“
Pea rl of G rea t Pri c e
”
w e ha v e so m e t hi n g a ki n

t o t he pa ra bl e of t he s e ca s k ets . Thi s pa ra ble t ea c he s us t ha t

 S US PI CI O N; M A L I C E , C UNNI NG , E T C .
59

p ri o r t o fi n di n g t hi s p e a rl of
gr e a t pri c e , m e n a r e i n du st rio u sl y
e n ga
ge d i n t he p ur sui t o f j
o b e c t s w ho s e v
a lu e i s de c e p t i e a n d v
i n fe ri o r Li . k e t he Pri n c e s of M or o c c o a nd Arra go n th y e a re

se e ki n
g g o o dl y ,
”
or a s it is e x pr e s s e d in t he o ri gi n a l “
be a u ti

Ev y j y
”
fu l p e a rl s er . ob e c t w hi c h t he c o n si der va lu a bl e a nd

w hi c h pro m i se s t o yi e ld t he m fe li c i t y ,
is ea y
ge rl so u ght a ft e r .

T he i r v i e w s, ho w e v e r a re
,
c on fi ne d w i t hi n t he n a r r o w l i m i t s o f
t hi s li fe , a n d ha ve no r e fe r e n c e to t he i n v i sible w o rld, or t he

he a v ly j
en ud
gm ent of P o rt i a . F or t o s e le c t t ha t , t he ym gi e u st v
a nd ha za r d a ll t he yh v a e, de n y th e l u st of t he fl e sh a nd
pri de o f
t he e y e , a n d se e k th a t w hi c h do t h ra t he r t hr e a t e n t ha n
p r om i s e

a ught . It i s s ig i fin ca n t t ha t t he fo llo w i n g sp e e c h i s p u t i n t o t he
m ou th of B a ssa n i o , who m a kes the r i ght choi ce o f the Ca skets In o u r
.

Opi n i o n i t t o u c he s t o t he he a rt t he e n t i re e t hi c a l t e n de n c y a nd

pro m i se o f t hi s a rt w he n t ho r o u ghl y v re ea le d .

BaS o m a y t h e ou twa r d sho ws be lea st them s el ves,

ss .

’
T he w or ld i s sti ll deeei v d wi t h orn a m e n t .

In L a w , w h a t p l e a so t a i n t e d a n d c o rru pt
Bu t bein g s ea s o n
’
d w ith a v
g ra c i o u s o i c e ,
O bs c u res t h e sh o w v
of e il ? In Re li gi o n ,
W ha t da m n e d e rro r , b t u so m e s o b e r b ro w
Wi ll bl e ss i t a n d a , pp vro e i t w i th a x
te t,
H i di n g t h e gro ssn e ss w i t h fa i r o rn a m e n t
v
Th e re i s n o i c e so s i m pl e b u t a s su m e s
S o m e m a rk s of vi t
r u e on hi s o utw a r d p a r ts .

M e rc h a n t of V en i c e, a ct ii i . so .

I n a sm u c h a s B a ssa n i o w i n s P o rt ia w i t h t hi s sp e e c h, we m a y

i n fe r t he se li n e s ha v e a p ro fo u n d a pp li ca t i o n to e t hi c s . The
e n t i re a c ti on of t he p la y a nd t he a ft e r j u dgm e n t of P o rt i a

re v lv
o e s u po n t hi s r ight cho ice of B a ssa n i o , su m m e d u p i n t hi s
s
p e e c h ,
w hi c h re a ll yi s a re fl e c t io n u po n t he dece i tfu ln ess o f Ri ches,
i n a sm u c h a s t he Pri n c e s w ho c ho se t he Ca s k e t of G o ld a nd Si l v er

were decei ved a nd chose wron gly . No r ca n i t be a llo w e d t hi s

i n c i de n t of t h e Ca s k et s i s bu t a v
de i c e a n d n o e m b le m o f so m e

t hi n g de e p e r . F o r t ha t G o ld i s p o i n t e d a t a s Ri c he s ca n n o t be
m i st a k en

Ba Th ere fo re t he n t h o u ga u dy go ld,
ssa n i o .

H a rd fo o d fo r M ida s, w il l n o n e o f t h e e , I
60 S US P I CJ O N, M A L I CE , C UNNI NG , E T C .

No r n o n e of t h e e , t h o u pa l e a n d c o m m o n dru dge
’
T we e n m a n a nd ma n b u t t ho u , t h o u m ea gre l e a d,
'
t ic h ra ther threa t n es t tha n do th p r om is e a u gh t,

v
Thy p a len ess m o e s m e m o re t ha n e l oqu e n c e ,
A n d h e re c ho ose 1 , j o y b e t h e c o n s e qu e n c e .

(Ac t iii . so .

P o rt i a i s u n do u b t e dl y a n e m b le m o f t he r ight life, t ha t i s of t he
i n w a rd a nd t ru e o r u n w o rl dl y li f e . We a re n ot a t a ll su r e t he
a u t ho r i n t he fo llo wi n g l i n e s wa s n ot su gg e st i n t he t e rm s u po n
g
w hi c h su c h a li fe c o ul d o n l yb e pu rc ha se d w he n he w ro t e , a n d
p e rha ps hi n ti n g a t su c h m e n a s B ru n o , Ca m pa n e lla , G a li le o , w ho s e

v
de o t i o n t o t ru t h w a s pa i d do w n u po n t he ra c k ,
a t t he st a k e,

o r e xp i a t e d i n i
p r so n .

Ba ss . Le t m e c h o o s e
Fo r a s I a m, I l iv e u po n the ra c k .

P or . U po n t he ra c k , Ba ss a n i o t he n c o n fe ss

Wha t t rea so n t h e re i s m i n gl e d w i t h yo u r l o ve .

B a ss . N on e
b u t t ha t u gl y t re a s o n o f m is tru s t ,
Whi c h m a k e s m e fe a r t he e nj o y i n g o f m y l o e v
T he re m a y a s w e l l b e a m i ty a n d l i fe
"
h v e en s n o w a n d fi re , a s tr ea s on a n d my l v o e .

P or . Ay , b u t Ifea r yo u s pea k u po n t he ra c k ,

Where m en en f or ce d do wrea k a n y thi n g .

(Ac t ii i . se .

Ho w a ll t hi s i s r e e c ho e d
-
in B a c on s
’
Essa y u po n
“
Ri c he s
”
!
H ea r k en a lso t o S o lo m o n , a nd be w a re of ha st y g a t he ri n g o f
” “
ri c he s,
qu i fes ti na t a d Di vi tia s n o n cri t i nsons . A ga i n O f gr ea t
:

r i c he s t he re i s n o r ea l u s e , e x c e pt i t b e i n t he di st ri b u t i o n ; t he
r e st i s bu t conce i t . So sa i t h S o lo m o n . Whe re t he re i s m u c h t he r e

a re ma n yt o c o n su m e it a nd w ha t ha t h t he o wn er b u t t he s i ght

of i t wi t h hi s y
The p e rso n a l fru i t i o n i n a n y m a n ca n n o t
e es ?
r ea c h t o fe e l gre a t ri c he s T he re i s a c u s t o d o f t he m , o r a po w e r
. y
v
o f do l e a n d do na t i e o f t he m ; or a fa me of the m , bu t n o so lid use

to the own er . Do y o u n o t se e w ha t fe i gn e d p ri c e s a re se t u po n

l i t t le sto n e s a n d ra ri t i e s ? A n d w ha t w o r k s o f o s t e n ta t i o n a re

u n de rt a k en be ca u se t he re m i ght se e m to be so m e u se of
gre a t
ri c he s 2 F or c e r ta in l yg rea t r i c he s ha v e so ld m ore m e n t ha n t he y
ha v e b ou ght ou t Ri c he s
 S US PI CI OZV; M A L I C E , C UNNI N G , E T C . 61

How ma n y w ill su b s c rib e t o t hi s do c t ri n e i n t he pr e se n t da y 2

O r ho w m a n y wh o re ga r d t he m a ssi n g o f a v a st fo rt u n e t o g e t he r
a s t he on e t hi n g n e e dfu l , re fra in c o n de m n i n
gB a c on a s a i si o n a r 2 v y
T he s e ho w e v er w e r e t he re a l do c t ri n e s of
'

t he Ro si c ru c i a ns .

M r Do n n e ll y q ,
u o tin g t he Re v . C ha rl e s Wo r dsw o r t h ,
w ri t e s
Ta k e t he e n t i re ra n g e ofEn gli sh l i t e ra t u re , p u t t o ge t he r ou r

b e st a u t ho rs w ho ha v e W ri t t e n u p o n su b e c t s pro fe sse dl j y n ot

re li gi o u s o r t he o lo gi c a l, a nd we sha ll n ot fi n d, I b e li e v e, in a ll
u ni t e d, so m u ch e v i de n c e o f t he Bibl e v
ha i n g b e e n r e a d a n d u se d
a s w e ha v e fo u n d i n S ha k e sp ea r e a lo n e (
“
G re a t Cr t
p g o ra m , y
ch v ol
. V .
, p 4 36 ,. .

J a m es B ro w n , in hi s “
B ibl e Tru t hs ,
w ri t e s :
“
In B a con s
’

E s sa y s, t he e sp e c i a l fa v o ur ites of t he a u t ho r, w hi c h he s o c a re fu ll y
re vi se d a n d r e -
w ro t e i n t he ri p e n e s s of hi s a
g e a nd e xp e ri e n c e ,

a nd w hi c h t he r e fo r e m a y b e c o n si de re d t he v e r c re a m a nd y
e sse n c e o f hi s w o n de rfu l e n i u s, t hi s c ha ra c t e ri st i c e l e m e n t o b t a i n s
g
a pr o m i n e n c e t ha t ca n n ot fa il t o ha k hi m v e st ru c s o st c u rs o r y
rea de r . Ou t of t he se fi ft y -

e i ght h t y Ihvs or e s sa s a e fo u n d, i n
t w en t yf -
o ur o f t he m t ha t t r e a t m x l i v ly f m
o re e c us e o o ra l j
su b e c t s ,

m ore tha n seven ty a llu si on s t o S ip t

cr
(p f t fiu re
”
re a c e o rst e di t i o n ,

p .

The e n o rm o u s q u a n ti t y of p a ra ll e l s a nd a
ppli c a t i o n s fro m t he
S cri pt u r e s t o b e fo u n d i n t he pla s ha s c re a y t e d a sp e c i a l li t e ra t u re

o f i t s ow n ( Wo rds w o r t h s, ro w n s, S e l i r ’
B ’
k k ’
s, t o illu st ra t e

it . B ro w n w ri t e s,
“
tha t on e o f hi s (t he a u t ho r of t he pl a y s
) r
g ea t
tea chers i n deed wa s the B i ble .
”
B a c on s
’
fa v ou ri t e w ri t e r, S o lo m o n ,

fi n ds e n dl e ss a pp l i c a t i o n i n t h e pl a y s . S o lo m o n i s a llu de d t o i n
Lo v e s
’
L a b o u r L o st
”
(a c t i se 2 , a . . n d a ct iv . se . t he Q u een

of S he ba i n “
Ki n g H e n r y VIII .
( a ct v . se . B r o wn i ll u s
t r a t e s t h e p la y s b y hu n dr e ds of qu o t a t i o n s fro m t he O ld a nd Ne w
T e st a m e n t s . Pro v e rb s, t he P sa lm s, Ec c l e si a st e s , t he B k oo of

Wi sdo m ,
a re yf q t
e sp e c i a ll re u en a m o n st hi s c i t a t i o n s, a nd t he se

w e re a l so f va it b k w ith B
o ur e oo s a c on . It i s i m p o ssibl e t o q u ot e

t he m he r e , f t h y fill
or vl m e a o u e .
62 S US P I C I O N; M A L I CE , C UNNI NG , E T C .

F RI E N DS H I P .

Tha t fa ri en d is a n othe r hi mself fo r t ha t a f rien d is f a r moré

ssa y
”
th a n hi mself (E of F ri e n dshi p
A p ri n c i pa l fru i t o f F ri en dship i s t he ea se a n d di sc ha rge o f t he
fu l n e ss a n d sw e lli n gs o f t he hea rt , w hi c h pa ssi o n s o f a ll i n ds do k
c a u se a n d i n du c e . We k n ow di s e a s e s o f s t o pp i n g s a n d s u ffo ca

t io n s a re t he m o st da ge ro u s i n t he b o d ; a n d i t i s n o t m u c h
n y
o t he r wi se i n t he m in d Yo u m a y t a e S a rza t o o p e n t he li v e r ;
. k
S teel e t o o pe n t he spl e e n ; Flo w e r of S u lp hu r fo r t he lu n gs ; Ca s

toreu rn fo r t he bra i n . Bu t n o re c e i t o e n e t h
p p t he hea rt bu t a t ru e

fri e n d, t o w ho m y o u m a y i m pa rt gr i e fs, o s , fea rs, ho p e s , su s pi j y

v
c i o n s, c o u n s e ls , a n d w ha t so e e r l i e t h u po n t he he a rt , t o o pp r e ss i t

in a k v
i n d o f c i i l shrift o r c o n fe ssi o n
”
.

H o w t hi s hi gh v a lu e se t u po n fr i e n dshi p fi n ds i t s re fl ection in
t he pla y v
s o er a n d o v er a
g ai n , — Ha m l e t a nd H o ra t i o , — B a ssa n i o

a nd A n t o n i o , — Va l e n t i n e a n d P ro t e u s !

St u d yh ow H a m le t u n burthens hi s he a rt t o H o ra t i o , a nd ho w
B a ssa n i o do e s t he sa m e t o An t o n io

Ba ss a n i o . T o y o u , An t o n i o ,
I o we t he m o st In m o n ey a n d i n lo e , v
A n d fro m y o u r l o ve Ih v a e a wa rra n t y ,

To un bu rthen a ll m y p l o ts a nd
p u rp oses .

M e rc h a n t o f V e n i ce, a ct i . se .

H a m le t . Do st t h ou h e a r,

S i n c e m y de a r so u l w a s m i s t re s s o f m y c h o i c e ,
A n d c o u ld o f m e n dis t i n g uis h , h e r e l e c t i o n
H a t h se a l ed t h e e fo r h e rse lf F o r t h o u ha s t b e e n .

As on e in s u ffe ri n g a ll , t h a t su ffe rs n o t hi n g

v
.

Gi e m e t ha t m a n

T h a t i s n o t pa ss i o n
’
’
s sl a ve, a nd I will w ea r hi m
In m y h e a rt s c o re i n m y h e a rt of h ea rts ,
As Id o t he e .
“
( Ha m l e t ,
a ct ii i . sc .

P A RE NT S A ND C H I LDREN .

T he i lli bera li ty o f p a r en ts in a llowa n ce towa rds the i r children i s a

ha rm fu l e rr o r, ma k es t he m ba se, a c q ua i n t s t he m w i t h shif t s, m a ke s
the m sor t wi th m ea n comp a n y, a n d m ka es t he m su rfe i t m o re w he n

t he y c om e t o pl e n t y Pa re n t s a n d C hi ldre n
 S US P J CI OJV, M A L I C E , C UNNI N G , E T C . 63

Thi s se e m s r e fl t di ec e n
“
A s Yo u Li k e It , w he re w e fi n d Orla n do
o pe n i n
g t he pla y wi th th e se w o rds

Or l A s
. I re m e m b e r, A da m , i t wa s u po n t h i s fa s h i o n , b e qu e a t h ed m e b y w ill ,
bu t p oor thou s a n d cr ow n s , a n d, a s t ho u sa y est , c h a r e d m
a
g y bro th er o n h i s
b l e ssi n g t o b re e d m e w e ll , a nd t h e re b e gi n s m y sa dn e ss H e l e t s m e fe e d
.

w i t h h i s h i n ds , b a rs m e the pl a c e o f a b ro t h e r, a n d a s m u c h a s i n hi m l i e s
m i n es m y gen ti li ty wi th m y edu ca ti on .

The e l de r br o t he r O li v er e n t e rs, a n d a sc e n e e n su e s be t w e e n
t he t w o

Ol i . Le t m e g o , sa y I .

Or l I y o u S ha ll h ea r m e
w il l n o t , t i ll I pl e a s e M y fa t h e r c h a rge d y o u i n .

v v
.

h i s w i ll t o g i e m e go o d e du c a t i o n : y o u h a e tra i n e d m e l ik e a pe a s a n t ,
o b s c u ri n g a n d hi di n g fro m m e a l l g e n t l e m a n l ik e qu a l i t i es T h e spi ri t o f m y -
.

fa t h e r g ro w s s t ro n g i n m e , a n d w i l l n o l o n g e r e n du re i t I t h e re fore a ll o w m e
su c h e xerc i s e s a s m a y be c om e a ge n t l e m a n , or gi v e m e t he po o r a ll o t t e ry m y
fa t h e r l e ft m e b y t e st a m en t .

B a c on wr i t e s i n hi s E s sa y on En vy La st l y ,
n ea r kin sfolk
a nd fe ll o w s i n fi
of c e, a n d t ho s e t ha t a re b re d t o ge t he r, a re m o re
a p t t o e n vy t h e ir e q ua l s w he n t he y a re ra i s e d A ga i n
. :
“
Ca i n
’
s

en vy wa s the m ore vi le a n d m a li gna nt towa rds hi s brother A bel beca u se

when sa cri fi ce wa s better a ccep ted there wa s n obody to look on

“
( En vy
Whose is ou t o f hop e to a tta i n
’
a n o ther s vi r tu e wi ll see k to co m e a t

even ha n d by dep ressi n g a no ther s f ortun e ( E n

’ ” “
vy “
The r e b e
t i m e s w he n a m a n s
’
i rt u e s m a y b e hi s ru i n v . Co m pa re t hi s

p a ssa
ge
SCE N III B f
E . e or e LI
O VER S
’
hou se .

En t O LAN
er R DO a n d A AM D ,
m e e ti n g .

Or l Who s t h e re ?
.
’

A da m W h a t m y y o u n g m a st e r ?
.
,
0 m y ge n t l e m a s t e r
O m y sw e e t m a st e r ! 0 y o u m e m o ry
O f o l d S i r Ro w l a n d w h y , w h a t m a k e y o u h e re ?
W hy a re y ou v i rt u ou s w hy do pe o pl e l o e y o u ? v
An d w h e re fo re a re y o u g e n t l e , s t ro n g a n a a nt d v li
W hy w o u ld y o u b e s o fo n d t o o e rc o m e v
T h e b o n n y pr i se r o f t h e h u m o ro u s du k e ?
Y o u r pra i s e i s c o m e t o o sw i ft l y h o m e b e fore y ou .

Kn ow you n ot, ma s ter , to so me ki n d f

o m en

T he i r g ra ces s er ve the m bu t a s en em i es ?
No m ore do y ou rs y ou r v i r tu es , gen tle m a s ter ,
A re sa n c t i fi ed , a n d ho l y tr a i tors to y ou .
 64 S US P I CI O JV, M A L I C E , C UNNI N G , E T C .

0 , w ha t a w o rl d i s t h is , wh e n w h a t is c o m el y
v
E n e n o m s hi m t ha t hea rs i t
Or l . Why ,
w ha t
’
s t he m a t t e r ?
A da m . 0 , u n ha ppy y ou t h
Co m e not w i t h i n t h e s e do o rs wi t hi n t hi s ro o f
Th e en em y of a ll y o u r gra c es li ves

Y o u r b ro t he r—n o ,
no b ro t he r y e t t h e so n
Ye t n o t t h e so n , w ill n o t c a I ll hi m so n
O f hi m I
w a s a b o u t t o c a ll h is fa t he r
H a t h h ea rd y o u r pra i se s , a n d t his n i gh t he m e a ns

T o b u rn t h e l o dgi n g w h e re y o u u se t o li e
A n d y o u w i t hi n i t i f h e fa il o f t ha t ,
v
H e w i ll h a e o t h er m e a n s t o c u t y o u o ff .

I v o e rh e a rd hi m a nd his pra c t i c es .
(A c t i i . se .

“ ” ” “ ”
F O L L O W E RS A ND F R I E ND S , S UI T O RS , FA C T I ON S .

B a con s
’
tw o Essa y s u po n
“
Fo ll o w e rs a nd F ri e n ds
”
a nd u on
p
S u i t o rs fo ll o w e a c h o t he r in su c c e ssi o n , a s if so m e c o n n e c t ion

e xi st e d b e t w e e n t he m The pla
. y of
“
Ti t u s An dro n i c u s
”
is re

ma r ka b l e fo r t he v
di i si o n s a n d “
fa c tions
”
of t he
“
follo wers of

Sa t u rn i a ns a n d o f Ti t u s An dro n i c u s The pla

. y op e n s w i t h t he

r e spe c t i v e c la im a nd a pp ea l o f ea c h o f t he t w o so n s of t he la t e
Em p e ror of Ro m e t o t he t hro n e .

S a tu r n i n e N o b le Pa tri c i a ns , Pa t ro n s o f m y
. r i gh t ,

De fe n d t h e j u s t i c e o f m y ca u s e wi t h a rm s,
A n d c ou n t ry m e n m y l o i n g f o l l ow er s v
Pl e a d m y su c c ess i v e t i t le w i t h yo u r s w o rds .

Ba ss i a n u s .Ro m a n s , F r i en ds , F o ll o wers,
Fv a o u re rs o f m y Ri gh t .
(Ac t i . se .

M a rc u s A n dro n i c u s (b ro t he r t o T i t u s) e n t e rs wi t h a c ro w n , a n d

c ri e s

P ri n c es tha t stri ve by F a c ti on s a nd by F r i en ds ,
A m bi t i ou sly fo r ru le a n d e m pery

Dis m i s s your F ol lowers, a nd a s S u i tors sho u ld

Pl ea d y o u r dese rts i n pea ce a n d hu m bl e n ess .

(Ac t i . se .

We qu ote t hi s t o ill u s t ra t e t he in t r o du c t i o n of t he e xp re ss i o n s
” “ ”
Fo llo w e rs a nd Fri e n ds, c o u ple d a s by Ba con
( th
wi F olhnvers )
in c lo s e c o n te x t wi t h “
Su i tors . B a con s
’
Essa y u po n
“
F a c tio n
fo llo w s (n e xt to on e
) t he Essa y u po n
“
S u i to rs .
”
Co n si de r ho w
 S US P I CI O N; M A L I C E , C UNNI N G , E T C . 65

y
la rg e l t he se m a t t e rs e n t e r i n t o t he hi st o r i c a l p la s li e t he o n e y k
w e c ite F o r t he t hre e c hro ni c l e p la s o f
.
“
H e n r t he S i t h
”
y y x
la rg e l y de a l w i t h t he fa c t i o n s of t he Ro se s, Yo r k e a nd La n

c a st e r . T r o i lu s a nd Cre ssi da l so p re se n t t he fa c t i o n s o f Aj a
a x
a n d A c hi ll e s a nd t he i r ri v a l q ua rr e l s S o t ha t w e m a y p e rc e i
. v e

B a con ha d so m e
g o o d r e a so n s i n p r e s e n t i n g u s w i t h t he E s s a s y
“ ” “ ” “
u po n Fa c t i o n , Fo llo w e r s a n d Fri e n ds, S e di t i o n s a n d
T ro u ble s,
” “
Em pi re , &c .
,
t o u c hi n g a s t he y do a v a st de a l of

t he a ctio n of t he s e p l a y s .

B a c on w ri t e s i n t hi s E ssa y on
“
Fa c t i o n The fa c t i o n , or

p a rt y , of An t o n i u s a nd O c ta v i a n us Caesa r, ga i n st
a B ru t u s a n d
Ca ssi u s, he l d ou t li k e w i se fo r a t im e : b u t w he n B ru t u s a nd

Ca ssi u s w e re o v e rt hr o w n , t he n so o n a ft er A n t o n i u s a nd O c ta via n u s

bra k e a n d su b di vi d d e .
”
Ho w e x a c tl y a nd fa i t hfu l l y a ll t hi s i s

pl y
“
re p r e s e n t e d a n d s e t fo rt h i n t he a s of J u li u s C aesa r a nd

“
An t on y a nd C l e o pa t ra F or e xa m pl e , i m m e di a t e l y a ft e r
Ma r kA n ton y ’
s fu n e ra l o ra ti on o v er t he b o d y of C ae sa r , a n d t he
re a di n g of t he w il l, b y w hi c h A n t o n y se t s t he p e o p l e of Ro m e
in to in fi n it e u
p ro a r a
g i n st
a t h e m u r dere r s, w e fi n d O c t a i u s v
i n t ro du c e d
2 P le . G o , fe t c h fi re .

3 P le . P l u c k do w n b e n c h e s .

4 P le . Pl u c k do w n fo rm s .

E n te r S E RV AN T .

S er va n t. Si r, O c ta i u s i s v a l re a dy c om e t o Ro m e .

Ant . W h e re is he ?
H e a n d L e pi du s a r e a t C ae sa r s h o u s e
’
S er va n t . .

A n t A n d t hi t h e r w i ll
. s t ra i gh t t o i si t t h e m I v .

(A c t i ii .
)
T hi s i s a t t he c o n c l u si o n of t he t hi rd a ct . T he ne xt a ct

o pe n s w i t h t h e i n t r o du c t i o n of An to n y , O c t a v i u s, a nd L e pi du s
si tt i n g in c ou n c il a s a fa c t i o n or t ri u m vi ra t e, a nd t he p la y e n ds

w i t h t he o v e rt hro w o f t he o t he r fa c t i o n of B ru tu s a nd hi s de a t h
a t Phili ppi . B a con w ri t e s i n hi s E s sa y on
“
P ro p h e c i e s “
A

p ha n ta sm t ha t a pp e a re d to M . B ru t u s i n hi s t e n t sa i d t o hi m ,
Phi lipp i s i te r um m e vi de bi s ( T ho u sha lt
‘
See me a g i
a n a t Phi li pp i
E
es S US P J CJ O N, M A L I CE , C UNNI NG , E T C .

Thi s i s i n t ro du c e d a t t he “
en d of t he fo u r t h a c t, J u li u s C ae sa r

(sc e n e 3)
E n ter the G n o s r or CE S A R .

B ru t u s . H o w i ll t h is ta pe r b u rn s Ha w ho c o m es h e re
I t hi nk i t i s t he w ea k n e s s of m in e e ye s
T ha t sha pe s t h i s m o n s t ro u s a ppa ri t i o n .

It c o m es u po n m e A rt t h o u a n y t hi n g ?
.

A rt t h o u so m e g o d, so m e a n g e l , o r so m e de il , v
T ha t m a k e s t m y bl o o d c o l d a n d m y ha i r t o s ta re ?

S p e a k to m e w h a t t h o u a rt .

Ghost . T hy e vi l s pi ri t , B ru t u s .

B ra . W hy c o m es t tho u
Ghos t . To t e ll t he e t ho u sh a lt se e me t Phili ppi
a .

B ru . We ll t he n I sh a ll see t h ee a ga i n ?
G hos t . Ay , a t Phi li ppi .

B ru . Why ,
I w i ll see t he e a t Ph il i p pi , t h e n .

[ E xi t Ghos t .

If w e n ow t u r n t o t he p la y of
“
Ant o n y a nd Cl e o pa t ra ,
we

fin d B a c on s
’
re m a r k s a b o u t t he brea ki n
g up of t he fa c t i o n
be tw e e n An ton y
d O c t a i u s, p r o m i n e n t l
a n v
de p i c t e d i n t he y
s x
i th sc e n e o f t he t hi rd a c t , w he re O c ta i u s C ae sa r i s i n t ro du c e d v
(wi t h A gri ppa a nd M aec e n a s) , c o m pla in ing of An to n y ’
s c o n du c t

a t Al e a x n dri a w ith C le o pa t ra . The r e st o f t he pla yi s b u t t he

hi s t o r y of t he di sm e m b e rm e n t of t he Tr i u m vi r a t e , a nd fi na l wa r

b e t w e e n C aesa r a nd An t o n y ,
r e su l t i n
g i n t he b a t t l e o f A c t i u m .

In c on t ext w i t h t he p a ge
ssa q u ot ed o n
“
fa c t i o n
”
by a c o n , w e B
rea d a s if a hi n t fo r L e pi du s — “ An d t he re fo re t ho s e t ha t a re

sec on ds in fa cti on s ,
do m a n y t im e s, w he n t he fa c t i o n su b di v i de t h,

v
pr o e p ri n c i pa ls : bu t ma n y ti mes a lso the y p ro ve cyp hers a n d
ca shi ered
”
Thi s w a s t he fa t e o f L e pi du s, a n d i n t he pla w e fi n d
. y
y
C aesa r sa i n g o f A n t o n : y
La s t ly he fre ts ,
T ha t L ep idus o f t h e t ri u m i ra t e sh o uld be dep osed, v
A n d b e i n g t h a t , w e de ta i n a l l h is re e n u e v .

(Ac t ii i . sc .

L e pidu s i s pr e s e n t e d t hro u ghou t t he pla a s a co mp lete cip he r y .

y v
An t o n , i n a n i n t e r i e w w i t h Cae sa r, t hu s sp ea s o f him k
Le t t his fe l lo w
Be n o thi n g o o u r s t ri e ; i f we c o n te n d,
f f
'

Ou t of ou r qu es ti o n w ip e hi m .

“
( An to n y a n d C le o pa t ra ,
a ct 11 . se .
 S US P I CTO ZV, M A L I CE , C UNNI N G , E T C .
67

An t o n y a
g i a
n allu de s t o L e pidu s, w ho ha s j u st b e e n de spa t c h e d
t o fe t c h C ae sa r s
’
wi ll

An t . Th i s i s a s li ght u n m er i ta ble m a n,

Me et t o be s e n t o n e rra n ds : i s i t fit
The t h re e fol d w o rl d di i de d, h e sh ou ld s t a
-
v n d,
O n e o f t h e t hre e t o sh a re i t ?
Oc t . S o y o u t h o u gh t hi m ,
A n d t o ok h is v i wh
o ce o sh o u l d b e
pri c k t t o di e
In ou r bla c k t
sen dp en c e a n ro s c ri pt i on .

Ant . Oc t vi
a Ih v
u s, a e see n m o re da ys t ha n
you ,
A n d t h o u gh w e l a y t h e se h o n o u rs o n t hi s m a n , -

T o ea se ou r se l ves of di v ers s la n d rou s l oa ds,

’

H e sh a ll b u t b e a r t h e m a s t h e a s s b e a rs g o l d
T o gro a n a n d sw e a t u n der t h e b u si n e ss,
v
E i t h e r l e d o r dri e n a s w e po i n t t he w a y .

(Ac t i v . se .

In order to di vert E n vy from themselves, B a con w ri t e s t he

w i se r so r t o f
g rea t p e r s o n , b ri n g i n e v e r u po n t he st a e som ebody,
g ,

u
p on who m to deri ve the en vy, tha t wou ld co me u
p on the mse lves
so m e t i m e s u o n
p m i n i st e r s a n d s er v a n ts ; someti m es up on co llea gu es
a n d a ssoci a tes En vy
It i s t ru e t ha t “
sla n d rous
’
loa ds is n ot exa c tl y vy en ,
bu t en vy
b ege t s sla n de r, a n d t he r e i s g e n e ra ll y v y li tt l
er e sla n de r w he re

t he r e i s a b se n c e of en v y B . a c on fu r t he r e xp l a in s it :
“
Thi s
en vy b e i n g i n t he La t i n w o rd In vidi a , go e t h i n t he m o de r n
la n gu a ge s b y t he n a m e o f di scon ten tm en t, o f w hi c h w e sha ll sp e a k
in ha n dli n g of sedi ti on . It i s a di se a se i n a st a te, li k e to
”
i n fe c t i o n .

In B a c on s
’
Es sa y on
“
Lo v e Yo u m u st e x c e pt n e v e r t he

l e ss M a A n ton i u s, t he ha lf pa rt n e r o f t he Em pi r e o f Ro m e ;
rcu s

a n d A p i u s C la u di u s, t h e D e c e m v i r a n d L a w gi e r : whereof the
p
-
v
”
d d T hi i s a s he
f orm er w a s i n de ed a vo lu
p tu o u s m a n a n i nor i n a te s .

is r e pre s e n t e d
i n t h e pla of y
A n t o n a n d Cl e o pa t ra , a n d a s he“
y ”

is de pi c t e d b y P lu t a r c h, fro m w ho m so m u c h i s b o rr o w e d .

A n d i t i s n o t a m i s s t o o b s e r e a l s o ho w s m a l l a n d m e a n v
fa c u lt i e s go t t e n by e du c a t i o n , ye t w h e n t he y
fa ll i n t o gr e a t m e n
or g re a t m a t t e rs , do w o r kgre a t a n d i m o rt a n t e ffe c t s : w he r e o f
p
we se e a n ota ble e x a m p l e i n Ta c i t u s of two sta ge p la yers, P e r
 S US PI CI O N, M A L I C E , C UNNI N G , E T C .

c e n ni u s a n d Vi bu le n u s, w ho by t he i r fa c u lt y of l i
p y g p
a n ,
u t t he

Pa n n o n i a n a rm i e s i n to a n e x t re m e t u m u lt a n d c o m b u st i o n Fo r .

t he re a ri si n
g a m u tin y a m o n gs t t he m u po n t he dea t h o f A u g u st u s

C aesa r, Blaesu s t he li e u t e n a nt ha d c o m m i tt e d s o m e of t he m u t i n e rs,

w hi c h w e re s u dde n l y r e sc u e d w he re u p o n Vi b u le n u s g o t t o b e hea r d
s
pea k ,
w hi c h he di d i n t hi s m a n n er : These p oor i n no ce n t wre tches
a
pp oi n ted to crue l dea th, yo u ha ve res to red to behold the li ght bu t who
sha ll restore m
y brother to m e, or li fe u n to m y brother, tha t wa s sen t
hi the r i n m essa ge f rom the legi on s of Germa n y, to trea t of the com mon
ca u se A n d he ha th m u rder ed hi m this la s t n i ght by some of hi s fen ce rs
a n d ru fiia ns tha ,
t he ha th a bou t hi m for hi s execu ti o n ers up on soldi ers .

A nswer, Bla esu s, wha t i s don e wi th hi s body ? The morta lest e n emi es
do n ot den y bu ria l When I p erform m y la st du ti es to the corp se wi th
.

kisses, wi th tea rs, comm a n d m e to be sla i n besi des hi m so th at the se

my f ellows for , ou r good mea n i n g a n d ou r tru e hea rts to the legi o n s,
ma y ha ve lea ve to bu ry us . Wi t h w hi c h sp e e c hhe p u t t he a rm i n t o y
a n in fi nite fu r y a n d u pro a r : w he r e a s t ru t h w a s he ha d n o b ro t he r,

n e i t he r wa s t he re a n y su c h m a t t e r ; bu t he p la yed i t me rely a s if

(B o o k II v
” “
he ha d been up on the sta ge . xi x . 3, Ad a n c em e n t of
”
L ea rn i n
g,
T hi s is a n o t he r e x a m pl e of ho w e v y t hi
er n
g c on n e c t e d wi t h the
s ta ge or wi th the a rt o f a c ti n g dre w B a con s a
’
tt e n t i o n , a nd he ld fa st
hi s m i n d, so t ha t w ha t he r ea d i n Ta c i t u s o f t he se two sta ge p la yers,
P e rc e n n i u s a nd Vi bu l e n u s, he t r e a su re s u p i n hi s m e m o r a n d y
c ite s he r e . Bu t w ha t i s re a ll yf a r m o re p e r t i n e n t t ha n t hi s si m p le

o bser v a ti on o f o u rs, i s t he e x t ra o rdi n a r y lle l fur n i she d by

p a ra
t he
“
sp e e c h
”
of An t o n y v ,
o er t he b o dy o f C aesa r, i n
“
J uli u s
C aesa r,
”
w he r e t he a rt s o f t he a c t o r a re so e x c e lle n t l y c o m bi n e d

w i t h t he a r t s o f o ra t or y
I c om e t o b u r y C aesa r, n o t t o pra is e h i m ,

Ik w no n ot, g e n t l e m e n , w ha t y o u i n t e n d,
Wh l o e se m u s t b e l e t b l o o d, w h o e lse i s ra n k
If I m y se l f t h e re i s no h ou r so fit
i n s t ru m e n t
'

A S C aesa de a t h h o u r n o r
r s no

O f h a l f t ha t w o rt h , a s t h o s e yo u r s w o rds m a de ri c h
 S US P J C J O N, M A L I C E , C UNNTN G , E T C . 69

Wi th the m os t n o bl e blo o d of a ll t h is w o rl d .

I d b h y if y b m h
o e se e c ou ,
ou ea r e a rd,

N w whi l t y
o p pl h d d s our ur e a n s o re e k a n d s m o k e

F l fi l y pl
u Li v th
ou r e a su re . e a o u sa n d yea rs ,

I h ll t fi d m y l f pt t di
s a no n se so a o e.

No pl a c e w i ll p l e a se m e s o , n o m e a n o f dea t h ,
A s h e re b y C a esa r, a n d by y ou c u t o ff,
The c ho i c e a n d m a st e r spi ri t s o f t h is a
ge .

J u li u s C ae sa r .

T he e n t i re s e e c h o f
p M a rk A n t o n y i s t o o l on g t o q u ot e he r e .

Bu t t he en d of hi s o ra tion o ver Caesa r s b o d ha

’
y s t he sa me re su lt

a s t he sp e e c h of Vi bu le n u s B a con q u otes . An t o n y se t s t he
“ ”
pe o p l e o f Ro m e i n t o a st a t e o f i nfin i te fu ry a n d up roa r by hi s
k
s i ll i n t h e a r t o f a c t i n , fo r w hi l st di sc la i m i n
g g a n
y di r e c t c ha r
g e

a ga i n s t B
ru t u s w i t h t h e i t e ra t e d w o rds, F or B ru tus i s a n hon ou r
a ble m a n , so a re the y a ll ; a ll hon ou ra ble m en , he so de pi c t s t he
vi r t u e s of t he de a d Caesa r , a nd w or k s u pon t he fe e li n gs of hi s
a u di e n c e , t ha t a di r e c t de n u n c i a t i o n of t he m u rde r e rs c o u ld

ha rdl yh v a e a tta i n e d i t s en d b e tt e r . In t he pla o f Ha m l e t , w e y “ ”

se e t he sa me e ffe c t p ro du c e d by t he i n t ro du c t i o n o f t he p l a e rs y
a nd I n t er u l de . The a rt o f di ssi m u la t i o n fo r e n ds wa s ne v er

m o re e xq u i si t e l y i ll u st ra ted . In B a c on s
’
E s sa y s u po n
“
Di ssi m u
” “ ”
la t i o n a nd Cu n n i n g ma y be r e fo u n d t he a rt s of w hi c h

An ton y ma k es u se .
“
Fo r i f a ma n ha v e t ha t p e n e t ra t i o n of

j u dg m e n t , a s he ca n di sc e rn w ha t t hi n g s be la id op en , a n d
a re to

wha t to be secre ted, a n d wha t to be shown a t ha lf lights, a n d t o w ho m

a n d a rt s of li fe ,
a nd w he n (w hi c h i n de e d a re a rt s o f s ta te a s

Ta c i t u s w e ll ca ll e t h 85 0 .

IS i t n o t m o n stro u s t h a t t hi s p la yer her e,

B u t i n a fi c ti on , i n a drea m of p a ss i on ,
C o u ld fo rc e hi s s ou l s o t o h i s o w n c o n c e i t ,
Tha t fro m h e r w o rk i n g a ll hi s i sa ge w a rm d, v ’

T e a rs i n h i s e ye s , di st ra c t i o n i n s a s pe c t ,
’

v
A b ro k e n o i c e a n d h i s w h o l e fu n c t i o n su i t i n g
.

Wi t h fo rm s t o h i s c o n c e i t ? An d a l l for n o t hi n g
Fo r H e c u b a
Wh a t H e c u b a t o hi m o r h e t o H e c u b a ,
’
s

Th a t h e sh ou ld w e e p fo r h e r ?
Ha m let , a c t 1 1 . se .
 C H AP T E R IV .

DI V INAT I O N A ND P R ED I CT I O N .

U P ON Di vi n a t i o n or P re di c t i o n (B k II oo . ch . xi .
“
Ad v a n ce

ph y B
“
m en t of L ea g rn i n -

,
t ha t i s, P ro ec a c on wri t e s : Bu t t h e
v
di i n a t i o n w hi c h sp ri n ge t h fro m t he i n t e rn a l n a t u re O f t he so u l ,
i s t ha t w hi c h w e n o w sp ea of k
w hi c h ha t h b e e n m a de t o b e O f

t w o so rt s, p ri m i t i e v a n d by i n flu x i o n . P ri m i t i v
i s gro u n de d u p o n
e

t he su pp o si t i o n , t ha t t he m i n d, w h e n i t i s w i t hdra w n a n d c o ll e c t e d
i n t o i t se lf, a nd n ot diffus e d i n t o t he o rga n s O f t he b o d y ,
ha t h s o m e
e xt en t a nd pre n o t i o n ; whi ch ther efore a pp ea reth most i n
la t i t u de of

s le ep , i n e csta si es, a n d n ea r dea th, a n d m o re ra re l in wa i n g a p y k

e h e n si o n s a n d i s i n du c e d a n d fur t he r e d by t ho s e a b st i n e n c e s
p r

a n d O b s e rv a n c e s w hi c h m a k e t he m i n d m o s t t o c o n si s t i n i t se lf .
”

No w I w i sh t o dra w a t t e n t i o n t o t he s t ri ki n
g pa ra lle l, t ha t
t hro u gho u t w ha t i s m i sca lle d Sha k e sp e a re s
’
a rt, we re fi n d t hi s

pre n o t i o n of t he m i n d, i n t ro du c e d e i t he r in sl e e p or b e fo re
de a t h
M e t hi n ks I a m pro phe t n e w i n spi re d,
a

A n d thu s exp i ri n g do f o re te l l of hi m .

“
( Ri c ha rd , II . a ct ii . SO . 1 , 31 ,

Le t t he r ea de rs re c a ll t he v i si o n Of Ri c ha rd t he Thi rd j u st

b e fo re hi s de a t h, or of B ru t u s b e fo r e P hili ppi , i n J ul i u s C aesa r,

”

’ ’
or Of J u li e t s
pre s e n t i m e n t a nd Ro m e o s dr ea m

Jul . 0 G od , Ih v a e a n -
v
ill di i n in g so u l

M e t hi n k s I se e t he e , n ow t h ou a rt belo w ,
AS on e de a d i n t h e b o t t o m of a tom b
E i t h e r m y e y es i gh t fa i ls , o r t h o u l o o k s t pa l e
’
.

I
Rom If m a y t r us t t he fl a t t e ri n g t ru t h O f S le e p
.

M y dre a m s p re sa ge s o m e j o y fu l n e w s a t h a n d
M y b o so m s l o rd s i t s l ig h t ly i n hi s t hro n e
’

ll t hi s da y
’
An d a a n u n a c cu sto m d s pi ri t
 D I VI NA T I ON A ND PR E D I C TI O N 71

v
L i ft s m e a b o e t h e gro u n d w i th c h e erfu l t h o u gh t s .

I dre a m t m y l a dy c a m e a n d fo u n d m e de a d .

(A c t v . se .

O r C la re n c e s
’
dre a m j u st b e fo re hi s de a t h

C la r e nc e . O, Ih v a e pa sse d a m i sera bl e n i gh t ,
S O fu ll Of fe a rfu l dre a m s O f u gl y s i gh t s .

Oh t h e n b ega n t he Te mp e st to m y s ou l

n d ri n g by
’
T hen ca m e wa
A sh a do w lik e a n a n
g e l , w i t h b ri gh t h a i r ,
Da bbl d i n bl o o d, n d h e sh ri e k d o u t a l ou d,
’ ’
a

Cl a re n c e is c om e , fa l s e fl e et i n g
p e rj u r d Cl a re n c e , ,
’

T ha t s t a bb d m e i n t h e fi e l d b y T e w k e sbu ry
’

F
S e i z e o n h i m , u ri e s , t a k e h i m u n t o t o r m e n t .

(
“
Ri c h a rd III .
,
a ct i . sc .

Im m e di a t el y fo ll o w i n g t he r e la ti o n Of t hi s Dr e a m , the t w o

m u rde re rs e n t er . S o t ha t w e fi n d B a c on s
’
c on n e c ti on Of dr e a m s
Of a p ro
p he t i c c ha ra c t e r, with n e a r n e ss of de a t h, t o b e s t ri c t l y
c a r ri e d ou t i n t he p l a y s . Ha m le t , j u st b e fo r e hi s de a t h, ex

c la im s :

ll h ere b o u t m y h e a rt
’
B u t t h ou w o u l d s t t hi n k h o w i l l
’
H a m le t . n ot a s a

bu t i t i s no m a tt e r .

H ora ti o . Na y g o o d, m y L o rd .

Ha m . It i s b u t fo o l e ry b u t i t i s su c h a k i n d O f g a i n gi i n g -
v a s w o u l d p erh a p s
t ro u b l e a wo m a n .

H or . If yo u r m i n d di sl ik e a n y t hi n g , Obe y it . I w ill fo re s t a ll t h e i r re pa ir
hi t h e r , a n d y y ou a re n o t fi t
sa

v
.

No t a w hi t , w e de fy A u gu ry , t h e re l Pro ide n c e i n t h e fa l l
’
Ha m . s a S
pe c i a
i f i t b e n o t t o c o m e , i t wi ll b e
’
of a s p a r ro w . If i t b e n ow, ti s n ot to c om e

n ow ; i f it be n ot n ow , y e t i t w i ll com e t he re a di n ess i s a l l .

”
Ha m let , a ct v .
, l a st sc e n e .
)

U po n t he sa m e pa g e B a c on v
di s c u ss e s Di i n a t i o n he i n t ro du c e s
A u gu r y :
“
v
Di i n a t i o n ha t h b e e n a n cien tl y a nd fi t ly di v i de d
i n t o t w o p a rt s , a r t i fi cia l a nd na t u ra l . Ar ti fi i c a l is Of tw o s o r t s,

o n e a r gu e t h fr o m c a u s e s, t he o t he r fro m exp e ri m e n t s o n l y ,
by a

b li n d w a y O f a u t ho ri t y
w hi c h l a t t e r i s fo r t he m o st p a r t s u p e r

st i t i o u s, su c h w a s t he he a t he n di sc i p li n e u p o n t he i n wec ti on of the

en tra i ls of bea sts, the fli ght of birds, a n d t he l i e (c h i ii o o IV k . . B k .

D e Au gm e n t i s
72 D I VJ NA TI O N A ND P R E D I C TI O N

The r ea de r wi ll se e B a c on ha s A ugu ry a ssoc i a ted in hi s

m in d in c on te xt wi t h di v i n a t i o n , a nd we r e fin d Ha m l e t t e rm i n g
hi s p r e se n t i m e n t A ugu ry a l s o The drea m O f Ca lphu rn i a .
, j u st

p
’
ri o r t o C ae sa r s a ssa ss i n a t i o n , i s a n o t he r e a m l e i n
p po i nt : x
Gees . No r h ea v t p ea c e t o n i ght
e n n o r ea r t h ha ve been a -

Th ri c e ha t h Ca l pu rn i a i n h e r s l e e p c ri e d o u t ,
H e l p, h o t h e y m u rder Cre sa r W ho s wi t hi n ? '

u l i u s C aesa r,
”
a ct n se J . .

H e re a
g in
a a u
g ur y i s i n t ro du c e d i n c o n t e xt w i t h pro ph e t i c

dre a m s

Gees . C o w a rds di e m a n y t i m e s b e fo re t h e i r de a t hs
Th e va li a n t ’
n ev er t a s te of de a t h b u t on ce .

O f a ll t h e w o n de rs t h a t Iy th v e a e h ea rd,
It se e m s t o m e m o st s t ra n g e t ha t m e n s h o u ld fea r

S e e i n g t ha t de a t h , a n e c e ss a ry e n d,

W i ll c o m e w he n i t w i ll c o m e .

Re -
cn te r S E RV AN T.

W ha t sa y t he a u g ure rs ?
S er v . Th e y w o u l d n ot ha v e yo u t o s t i r fo rt h t o da y -
.

i ls fle ri n g fo rt h ,
’

Pl u c k i n g t h e e n tr a Of a n o

T he y
"
c o u ld n o t fin d a h ea rt w i t h i n t he b ea s t .

Gees . T h e g o ds do t h i s i n s h a m e O f c o w a rdi c e
Caesa r s h o u ld b e a b e a s t w i t h o u t a h e a rt ,

If h e sh o u l d s t a y a t ho m e t o d a y fo r fea r .

NO , Cae sa r sha l l n o t da n ge r k n o w s fu ll w e ll
Tha t Cae sa r i s m o re da n ge ro u s t ha n he
t w o l i o n s l i t te r d i n
’
\Ve a re on eda y ,
An d I th e e lde r a n d m o re t e rri bl e
A n d Cae sa r sh a ll go fo rt h .

J li C u us aesa r , Ib .
)
In “
Ti t u s A n dro n i c u s w e fin d A g y i t d
u ur n ro u c e d, a nd a

so o t hsa y er in y
C m b e li n e . T he se p i t v lp f
o n s re ea ro o u n d s t u d y
of t he c la ss c s , a n i d i t i s m o st i m pro b bl S h k p
a e a es ea r e ha d e i t he r
t he l e i su r e or l ea rn i n
g to a c q ua i n t hi m se lf wi t h su c h n i c eti e s .

We a re n ow a b ou t t o p o i n t ou t ho w w e ll t he a u t ho r wa s

Th e a bse n c e of t h e h ea rt w a s c o n s ide re d a prodi gy of e xt ra o rdi n a r y o m en .

It w a s a c c ou n ted a m o n gs t t h e P es tif era a usp i c i a cu m cor in ext is a u t ca put i n

j oc i n ore n on fa isse t vp s. . . C i c e ro m e n t i o n s h o w C a esa r w a s
i n t h is m a n n er fo re w d t h t hi
a rn e a s pu rp le ro be a n d g o l de n t h ro n e w o ul d
b ri n g a b o u t his dea t h (C i cD ivi
.
, n i i 1 6 Pli n ,
. .
 D I VI NA TI O N A ND P R E D I C TI O N 73

a c q ua i n t e d w i t h Ci c e r o
’
s w r i t i n gs, a nd w i t h hi s p e c u li a r sc e pt i

c i sm , a s to t he va li di t y Of t he s e fo llo w i n g unna t u ra l e v e n t s,
’
i n t ro du c e d a s fo r e sha do w i n g C ae sa r s de a t h

Ga sea . A c o m m o n sl a v —y
k n o w h i m w e ll b y s i gh t
e ou

H el d u p hi s l e ft h a n d, w hi c h di d fl a m e a n d b u rn
Lik e t w en t y t o rc h e s j o i n d, a nd
’

ye t h i s h a n d,

No t s e n s ibl e O f fir e , re m a in
’
d u n sc o rc h d
’

B esi de s —I h a
.

’
n o t si n c e pu t u
p my sw o rd

A ga i n s t t h e C a p i t o l m e t a li o n , I
W h o gla re d u po n m e , a n d w e n t su rl y b y,
Wi t ho u t a n n o yi n g m e a n d t h ere w e re dra w n
U po n h e a p a hu n dre d gh a s t ly w o m e n ,
a

Tra n s form e d wi t h t h e i r fe a r w h o s w o re t h e y sa w
M en a ll i n fi re w a lk do w n t h e s t re e t s
up a n d .

An d y e st e rda y t h e bi rd o f n i gh t di d s i t
E v en a t n oon da y u p o n t h e m a rk e t pl a c e ,
- -

H oo t i n g a n d sh ri e k i n
g Wh e n t h e s e pro di gi e s
.

Do so c o n o i n j tl y m e e t , l e t n ot m en sa y
Th e se a re th ei r re a so n s they a re n a t u ra l
F o r, I b li v th y p t e e e, e a re or e n t o u s t hi n gs
U t t h li m t t h t t h y p
n o e c a e a e o i n t u po n .

Gi Id di i t g
c . n ee ,
t s a s ra n e -
di s po s d t i m e
’

B u t m en m a y c on s tr u e thi n gs , a f ter thei r f a sh

'

C l ea n f r om the p u rp ose of the thi n gs them se l ves .

C o m es C aes a r t o t h e Ca pi t o l t o m orro w ? -

Ca s ca H e do t h fo r h e di d b i d A n t o n i u s
.

S e n d w ord t o y o u h e w ou ld b e t h e r e t o m o rro w -
.

Gi c . Good n i gh t , t h e n , Ca s ca ; t h i s di st urb e d sk y

Is n ot t o wa lk i n .

F a re w e ll , C i c e ro .

“
( J u l i u s C ae sa r, a ct i . se .

T he re ca n be no do u b t fro m t he w o r ds pu t i n t he m ou t h o f
C i c e r o , t he a u t hor o f t h e p la y ’
s w a s w e ll a c u a i n t e d w i t h C i c e r o s q
Ci c e ro b e l o n g e d t o
’
wr i t i n gs a nd Ci c e ro s sc e p t i c a l m in d . a se c t

t ha t pr o fe s s e d t o ho ld n othi n g for certa in , a s to Di v i n e m a t t e r s

e sp e c i a ll ySa i n t A u gu st i n e i s s e e r e u p o n C i c e ro fo r de n i n g
. v y
t he p r e sc i e n c e O f P ro vi de n c e , w hi l st a ll o w i n g t he e i s t e n c e O f x
De i t y . Alm o s t t hr o u gho u t t he e n t i r e n i n t h c ha t
p er Of hi s C it y
Of G o d,
”
he a t ta c k s Ci c e r o u po n t hi s p o i n t . In t h e p e r s o n O f
C o t ta (Fi rst B k oo ,
T o u c hi n g t he Na t ur e Of t he G o ds w i sh I I
c o u ld bu t a s e a sil yfi n d ou t w ha t
’
s t ru e , a s I ca n c o n fu t e t ha t
74 D I VI NA TI O N A ND P R E D I C TI O N

w hi c h i s fa lse . It i s j u st in re
g a rd t o t he s e om ens or
p o r t e n ts
i n t ro du c e d by a c o n i n B “
J u l i u s C ae sa r, t ha t C i c e ro i s m a de t o
q u e s t i o n t he i r
p rescie n ce , t ha t i s , t he i r c o n n e c t i o n w i t h a fo re
k n o w l e dg e o i t hi n gs t o c o m e , a s t o e n s o f D e i t (s e e Se c o n d k y
B k oo
“
Di v i n a t i o n B a con s
’

p re di le c t i o n fo r Ci c e ro t hr o u gho u t
hi s “
E ssa y s
”
a nd
“
A dv a n c em e n t of L ea rn i n g
”
i s m a r e d, k
q u o ti n
g hi m a lm o s t ever yd ozen
p a
g e s o r O ft e n er . I n t he “
De
A u gm e n t i s
”
C i c e ro is c ited t hir t y -
on e tim es . In a le t t e r
a ddre sse d t o A n dre w s, L o r d Bi h s op o f Wi n c he st e r ,
w ri t t e n a ft e r
hi s di sgra c e , a nd
pr e fix ed to
“
An A d v e rt i se m e n t t o u c hi n g a n

H o l W a r, y ”
B a c on c om p a re s hi s fa ll t o Ci c e ro
’
s a nd Se n e c a
’
s .

T hi s i s a hi n t of t he gr ea t e s t p o s sibl e i m p o r t a n ce, i m pl i n g t ha t y
B a con r e s e m bl e d t he s e i llu st ri ou s m e n i n p e r se c u t i o n , a s b e i n g
t he v i c t i m s o f t he i r t i m e s a nd t he sa c ri fi c es o f fa c t i o n . Bu t w ha t
st u d y a n d re fl e c tio n t h e pa ssa g e fro m “
J u li u s Cae sa r
”
i llus t ra t e s !
A tr ifl e li k e t hi s i s a ki n to a re v e la t i o n , fo r t he m ore w e di sc o v er

t he le a rn i n g of t h e w r i t e r O f t he s e p la y s, t he m o re di f fi c u lt

b e c o m e s t he S ha k e sp e a r e m yth t o b e li e v e .

In c o n c lu di n
g h i s oo B k u po n
“
v
Di i n a t i o n , Ci c e ro pa ra l le l s i n
” “
s om e m ea su r e L u c re t i u s Le t u s en d
(he w r i te s
) w i t h t hi s

Di v i n a t i o n by Drea m s, a s w i t h t he re st F o r, t o sp e a t ru l . k y ,

S u p e rst i t i o n sprea d a m o n gs t p e o pl e , ha s w e i ghe d w i t h i t s o yk e

u pon a lm o st a ll m a n ki n d, a nd ta k en by s t o rm t he i m b e c ili t y f o

hu m a n it y . We ha v e a lre a d yd e c la r e d s o in our bo o k s u po n t he

Na t ur e Of t he G o ds,
’
a nd w e t h e r e ha v e i n si s t e d u po n i t i n t he
di s c u s si o n s i n t ro du c e d ; fo r w e b e li e v e we a re r e n de ri n
g g re a t a

s e rv i c e to v
o u r s e l e s, a n d to ou r fe ll o w -
c i t i z e n s, in su ppre s si n g i t

a lt o g e t he r
”
(Ci c e ro s
’ “
v
Di i n a t i o n ,
”
i i 7 2,
.

A ga i n If so m e dr e a m s a re t ru e a n d so m e fa l se , I s ho u l d

li k e t o l ea rn ho w w e a re t o di st i n gu i sh t he m . If t he re i s no

m e t ho d, w he r e fo r e li st e n t o t he se i n t e rp r e t e rs If t he r e i s on e I ’

a m c u r i ou s to k n ow w ha t i t i s ; b u t t he y w i ll be e m b a rra sse d to
” ’ “ ”
di sc lo se i t (C i c e ro s Di v i n a t i o n , ii .

T he La t i n e xp r e ssi o n s fo r t he se s o rt s O f o m e n s w e r e p rodi gi u m ,

vorten tu m , osten tu m , m on stru m .

 D I VI NA TI O N A ND P R E D I C TI O N 75

In y
C m b e li n e (
l a st a ct
) w e ha v e J u pi t e r i n t ro du c e d “
si t t i n g

u po n a n e a
gl e, w i t h a s o o t hsa
”
e r w ho di vi n e s i n uite a c l a ssi c y q
a ll y
i n spi r e d se n se T he e a gl e (025 7 65) w a s t he sp e c i a l m e s se n ge r
.

“
o f J u p i t e r, a n d, a c c o rdi n t o H o m e r, w a s t h e m o st a c c o m pli she d
g
Of b i rds vi i i . 2 47 xx i v . 31 0 . Cf P i n d ,
. . vi .

( ) v . 50 X e n o ph .
,
“
An a b .
,
vi . 1, T he o c ri t u s s t l e s t hi s bi rd y
pa r excellen ce t he bi rd of Di vi n a t i o n , a di st i n c t i o n w hi c h l a t e r on

wa s di sp u t e d by t he v u lt u re (The o c .
,
Idyll ,
”
xx vi . 31 ; “
y
Et m o l .

p 61 9, .

S oothsa yer Fo r t h e Ro m a n . ea
gl e
F r o m S ou t h t o W e st o n w i n g so a ri n g a l o ft
L e ssen d h e rse lf, a nd
’
i n the b ea m s of the su n

Pri n c e l y
’
So v a n i sh d w h i c h f ores ha do wed ou r ea gl e ,
T h e i m p eri a l C aesa r sh o u l d a ga i n u n i t e
v
H i s fa o u r wi t h t h e ra di a n t C ym b e l i n e ,
W hi c h shi n e s h e re i n t h e We st .

Cy m b e l i n e , a ct v) .

T hi s sho w s t he w r i t er w a s w e ll v e r se d i n t he a rt O f Di v i n a t i o n ,
fo r t he Ea gl e , t he Vu l t u re , a nd t he Cro w w e r e t he t hre e c hi e f

b i rds o f Ro m a n Va t i c i n a t i o n . D u ri n g sl e e p, P o st hu m u s L e o n a t u s
ha s a v i si o n O f t he de sc e n t of J u pi t e r, a nd fi nds hi m se lf i n p o s
s e ssi o n O f a bo o k —“
a ra r e o n e .
”
NO W t hi s sho w s t he e x t ra o r di

na r y c la ssi ca l e ru di t i o n of t he a u t ho r , fo r t he r e w e r e he l d t o b e
m essen ger drea ms se n t by J u pi t e r o r Z e u s, a s w e sha l l sho w ,
a m o n gst t he a n ci en ts . Wi t h H o m e r dre a m s a re aeri a l sha do w s
or i m a ge s ( i b
ra l d
) ,
w hi c h t a k e t he sha pe of fo rm s . T hu s t he
on e t ha t a pp ea re d t o A ga m e m n o n t o o
'

k t he li k e n e ss Of Ne st o r
I li a d,
”
ii . A t he n e a pp e a rs in a dre a m t o Na usi c a a a n d to

T e l e m a c hu s, a nd P a t ro c lu s t hu s de m a n de d A c hi ll e s t o ha st e n hi s
fu n e ra l .
(H o m .
, Ody ss .
,
vi . 13 xv . 10 “
I li a d,
”
xx ii i .

Wi t h H o m e r drea m s a re s e n t by Z e u s (
“
I li a d, i . Z eus a lon e

p ossesses the p ower to su m m on drea ms fr om a fa r oj The Py t ha

i

g o re a n m y s t i c i sm c o n si de re d dre a m s a s t he so n s O f n i ght a n d t he

m e sse n ge rs of t he m o o n , Of t ha t m o o n w hi c h i n t o t h e gro tt o
c re p t

Of L a t m o s, c l o se t o En d m i o n y a sl e e p , o r w hi c h u n se a l e d t he pro

p he t i c so u l of t he y
S b il . B a c on sl yl y hi n t s a t t hi s w he n he
76 D I VI NA T I O N A ND P R E D I C TI O N

w ri t e s It i s sa i d t ha t Lu n a w a s i n lo v e wi t h t he she phe rd

y
En d m io n , a nd in a st ra n
g e a n d u n w on ted ma n n er b e t ra y ed he r
a y
ffe c t i o n ; fo r he , l i n g i n a ca e fra m e d by n a t u r e v u n de r t he

m o u n ta i n L a t m o s, she so m e t i m e s de s c e n de d fro m her sph e re to

en o j y hi s c o m pa n y a s he sl e pt ; a nd a ft e r s he ha d ki ss e d hi m
a sc e n de d u
p a g i a
n
(E y
n d m io n , Wi sdo m Of t he An c i e n t s
Pe a c e , h o w t h e M o o n sl e e ps w i t h E n dym i o n ,
A n d w o ul d
’
n ot be a wa k d .

M e rc h a n t of V en ice , a ct v) .

An d m a r k w ha t B a con q u otes (fro m Phi l o J ud ) — “

Fo r.

s e n se , li k e t he Su n , O pe n s a n d re v ea l s t he fa c e of t he t e rre st ri a l
”
G lo b e , bu t shu ts up a n d concea ls the fa ce o f the Celes ti a l (Pr e fa c e to

t he I
n sta u ra t i o n Thi s i s a s m u ch a s to sa
y it is a t n ight on ly

w e di s c o e r t he v de p t hs Of t he s ta r s , a n d i n t e l l e c t m u st s hu t ou t

se n s e , b e b li n d t o e x t e rn a v
l s, t o p e rc e i e by t he m i n d s e y e su p e r
’

h
’
na t u ra l t ru t hs . The se n se s n i h t b e i n g t he o p e n e r
g of t e
’
m i n d s t ru t hs . The re i s no do u b t B a con i n t ro du c e s t he i n c i de n t
Of
’
P o st hu m u s dr e a m , w i t h t he s t ra n
ge o ra c l e a nd
“
ra r e bo o k,
”

in “
y
C m b e li n e
”
a s a n a ct ym b
s o li c of Di vi na tion i n t he ful l
c la ssi c s e n se Of i n sp i red tru th I . ca n n ot a llo w i t i s fi c ti o n , or

w i t ho u t re la t i o n shi p t o so m e a s
ye t
-
t o be - -
di sc o v e re d r ea li t y . Th e
t i t le
P o s t hu m u s p o i n t s t o a n a f ter bi rth, a n d i s w ho ll i n e e p y k
v x
i n g w i t h a ll w e ha e t o e p e c t O f t hi s a rt , a s ful l o f r e e la to r v y
m a tter It i s st ra n g e t o fi n d S i r T o b
. M a t t he w a f xi n g hi s y fi
“ ”
s ea l to a c u ri o u s do c u m e n t e n t i tle d P osthu m us, or the S u rvi vor,

in 1 64 0, t he da t e Of t he fi r st e di t i o n Of t he t ra ns a l tion Of

(S e e Do c t o r Ne li ga n s s t ra n ge m a
“ ’
t he D e A u gm e n t i s . nu

s c ri pt , p u b li she d b y M r S m i t h i n t he l i t t l e w o r , w hi c h k fi rst

s e ri o u sl y s ta r t e d t he Ba c o n ia n t he o r y). The i n t ro du c t i o n Of

J u pi t e r ca n su rpri s e n o on e w ho r e m e m b e rs ho w B a c on de c la re s,
h e i s g o i n g w i t h t he a n c i e n t s us que a d a ra s .
“
Bu t I go i n g t h e
”
sa m e r o a d a s t he a n c i e n t s .

B a con on ce m o re s ho w s he po ss e ssed t he n o w l e dge w e ha e k v

r e fo un d i n t he p la y s,
“ ” “
b o t h i n J u li u s Cae sa r a n d i n C m b e li n e ,
”
y
 D I VI NA T I ON A ND P R E D I C TI O N 77

S ca ru s . S w a ll o w s h a v e b u il t
In Cl e o pa tra i l s t he i r
’
s sa n e st s th e a u
gu re rs
Sa y t h e y k n o w n ot, they ca n n ot t ell l o ok gri ml y ,
A n d da re n o t s pe a k t h e i r k n o w l e dge .

“ ”
( An t o n y a nd Cl e o pa t ra ,
a ct iv . se .

B a c on s
’
Essa y
p o n Fri e n dshi pu
“
Wi th J u li u s Ca esa r , Dec i mu s
B ru tu s ha d Ob t a i n e d t ha t i n t e r e st a s he se t hi m do w n i n hi s
t e s ta m e n t , fo r he ir i n r em a i n de r a ft e r hi s ne
p he w An d t hi s w a s
.

t he m a n t ha t ha d p o w e r wi t h hi m , to dra w hi m f orth to hi s dea th .

F o r w he n Cae sa r w oul d ha ve di sc ha rg e d t he S e n a t e , i n r e ga rd o f

som e i ll pre sa g e s, a n d sp e c i a ll a dr e a m O f Ca lp hu rn i a , t hi s m a n y
y
l ift e d hi m ge n t l b y t he a rm ou t O f hi s c ha i r, t e lli n g hi m he
ho p e d he w o u ld n o t di sm i ss t he S e n a t e t ill hi s w ife ha d drea m t a
”
better drea m .

The w ho l e of t hi s i s exa c tly rep rodu ced i n t he p l a y of

“
J u li u s
C aesa r ( a ct ii .
)
D ec i . B ru tu s . Caesa r, a ll ha il g o o d m orro w , w o rt h y C aesa r,
I com e t o fe t c h y ou t o t h e S e n a t e h o us e
v
.

Caesa r. A n d y ou a re c o m e i n er y h a pp y t i m e ,
T o b ea m y gre e t i n g t o t h e S e n a t ors ,
r

An d t e l l t h e m t h a t w ill n o t c o m e t o da y I -
.

D ec i B r u tu s M o st m i ght y Caes a r , l e t m e k n o w
. . so m e c a u s e ,

Le s t Ib e l a u gh t a t w h en I t ll t h m
e e so .

Coesa r. T he c a u se is i n m y Wil l I w i ll
, n ot c om e ,

T ha t i s e n o u gh to sa t is fy t he S e n a t e ,
B u t fo r you r pri va t e sa t i s fa c t i o n ,
Be c a u se Il v o e y ou , I w i ll l t y e ou kn o w .

Ca lp hu r n i a h e re , m y w i fe , s t a y s m e a t h o m e
Sh e drea m t to n i gh t sh e s a w m y st a t u e ,
-

Whi c h l i k e a fou n t a i n w i t h a n hu n dre d sp o u t s

Di d ru n pu r e b l o o d a n d m a n y l u s t y Ro m a n s
Ca m e sm i l i n g a n d di d b a t h e t h e i r h a n ds i n i t .

To a ll t hi s D . B ru t u s r e pli e s

Wh e n Caes a r s
’
w i fe sh a l l m e e t w i t h be tter dr ea m s,
If Caes a r h i de h i m s el f, Sh a ll t h e y n ot w hi sp er,
L O , Ccesa r is a fra i d ?

Thi s i s e xa c tl y a s B a c on w ri t e s, a nd t he dr e a m i s gi v en i n t he

p l a yi n de t a i l b y Ca lp hu rn i a .
78 P E R S P E C TI VE , R E P L E C TI GIV, G L A S S AII R R O R -
.

P E RSP E CT I VE ,
RE FL E C T I O N ,
G LAS S M IRRO R .

P r a i s e i s t he re flecti on of vi r tue . B u t i t is gla ss or body whi c h

gi ve th the re l
f o
e c ti n P ra i s e
B a c on m ea ns he r e (a s
he p o i n ts o u t i n T r o i lu s a n d Cr e ssi da
w e c a n n o t o b ta i n fa m e , p ra i s e , o r lo r u n t i l i t i s
g y s e e n re ec ted fl by
o thers . y
T hi s i s e n dle ssl re p e a t e d i n t he p la s y . Whe n Ri c ha rd
t he Se c o n d s e n ds fo r a gla ss or m irror a n d b e ho lds hi m se lf, he
e x c la im s
O fl a t t e ri n g gla ss ,
L i ke to m y f o llo w ers i n p r osp er i ty ,
Thou dos t begu i le m e (Ac t i v . se . i .
)

H e wa s t h e m a rk a nd
gla ss , c op y a nd b OO k
Tha t fa s h i o n d o t h e rs .
’

2 H e n ry VI .
, a ct ii . S O.

Thi s i s a v yp
er ro fo u n d s i m ile . B e c a u se we ca n ne v e r s e e ou r

l
s e ves a t a ll i n life, a s others see us, a n d a gla ss is no t the sa me thi n g
a s S i ght .

T e l l m e , g o o d B ru t u s, ca n yo u se e y o u r fa c e
B r a NO , C a s si u s fo r t h e ey e se e s n o t i ts el f,
.

B u t b y re fl e c t i o n , b y so m e o t h e r t hi n gs .

T i s j u st ;
’
Ca s .

v
A n d i t i s e ry m u c h la m e n t e d, B ru t u s,
v
A n d y o u h a e n o su c h m i rro rs a s w il l tu rn
Y o u r h i dde n w o rt hi n ess i n t o y o u r e ye
T h a t y ou m i ght se e y ou r s ha do w .

T he re fo re , go o d Bru t u s , b e p re pa re d t o h ea r

A n d s i n c e y o u k n o w y ou ca n n o t see y o u rse lf
S o we l l a s by r efl ec ti on , I , y ou r g la ss ,

W i ll m o de st l y di s c o v er to y o u rse lf
T ha t Of y o u rse lf w hi c h y ou y e t k n o w n o t O f .

J
u l i u s Caesa r, a ct i .

T ha t w i n do w w hi c h M o m u s o n c e re q u ited . H e w he n he sa w

i n t he fra m e Of ma
’
n s hea rt
gl e s a n d r e c e sse s, fo u n d
so ma n y a n

fa u lt there wa s no t a wi ndow, throu gh which a ma n m i ght look i n to

”
those o bscu re a nd crooked win di n gs (Li b V I , p 4 01 ,
“
Adv a n c e . II .

”
m en t Of L ea rn i n g ,
 P E R S P E C TI VE , R E F L E C T1 O J V, G L A S S —
M IR R OR .
79

No w se e y
w h a t g o o d t u rn s e e s for e es h a e do n e y v
Min e e y v
es h a e dra w n m y sh a p e , a n d t h i n e fo r m e

A re w i n do w s to m y brea s t, w h ere t hro u gh th e su n

De l i gh t s to pe e p, t o ga ze t h e re i n o n t h e e .

(S on n e t xxi v ) .

Li k e a t ru e fri e n d t o s ho w
y o u yo ur tr u e sha p e i n a gla ss, a nd

t ha t n ot in a fa ls e on e to fl a t t e r you , n or
y e t i n o n e t ha t shou ld
ma k e y o u se e m w o rse t ha n
you a re, a n d s o o ffe n d
y o u ; bu t i n
on e m a de by t he re f i on
lec t o f your own words a n d a c ti on s Letter
lx x t o L o rd C hi e f J u s t i c e C o
. k e,
“
A n d t he m o r e a
pt l yi s t he m i n d of a w i se m a n c o m pa r
’
d to a

l
ga ss or m i rror, beca u se i n a gla ss hi s o wn i ma ge m a y be seen together
wi th the i ma ges o f others, whi ch the eyes ca n n ot do of them s elves wi thou t

a gla ss
(
P a ra bl e x xxi v .
,
Li b V . III .
,
Ad v a n c em e n t of L e a rn i n g,
”

p 39 7 )
.

I t m a y do g o od, pri de h a t h n o o th e r
gla ss

T o sh o w i ts e l f b u t p ri de .

T ro i l u s a nd C re ssi da ,
a ct iii . 8 0.

M e t hi n k s y o u a re m y gl a ss , a n d n o t m y b ro t h e r
I s ee by y ou I a m a sw e e t fa c e d y o u t h
-
.

Co m e dy of E rro rs, a ct v . s o.

Co m e , c o m e , a n d si t y o u do w n y ou sha ll n ot b u dg e
Yo u go n o t ti l l I se t y ou u p a gla ss,
Whe r e you m a y see the i n m os t p a r t f
o y ou .

Ha m le t , a ct ii i . so .

You r m in d i s the c l e a re r, Aj a x ,
a nd you r vi t r u es t h e fa i re r ; h e t h a t i s
'

pro u d e a t s up h i m se lf . P r id e i s hi s ow n g la ss , h i s o w n t ru m pe t , hi s o w n

c hro n i c l e , a nd w ha t e v er pra i s e s i t se l f b u t i n t h e de e d, de v o u rs t h e de e d i n t h e
T ro il u s a nd
pra i s e .

G r o u n de d u
po n t he c on c eit, t ha t t he m i n d a sa m i rror or gla ss,

s ho u l d ta k e i llu m i n a t i o n fr o m t he fo r e k n o w le dge of God a nd

s
p i ri t s
(Bo o k II .
,
Ad v a n c em en t of L e a rn i n g, p 4 6,
”
.

G o d ha t h fra m e d the m i n d f
o ma n a s a m i rror or gla ss ca
p a b le
of t he i m a g e o f t h e uni v e r sa l w o rl d
”
(Bo o k I .
p 6, . Ad v a n ce

m en t of Lea rn i n
g,
The m o r e sha m e fo r l e a rn e d m e n , i f t he y b e fo r k n ow ed l ge
li k e wi n ged a n ge ls ; fo r b a se de si r e s t he y b e li k e ser
pe n t s w hi c h
80 P E R S P E C TI VE , R E F L E C TI O IV, G L A S S M I R R O R -
.

c ra w l i n t he du st , c a rr yi n
g i n de e d a b ou t t he m M i n ds l i ke a m i rror

gla ss, b u t m e n s t ru o u s
’
a n d di s t a i n d
”
(B o o V , p 2 1 7 ,
“
A d k . .

v a n c em e n t o f L ea r n in
g,
”

”
“
P ra i s e s a re t he re fle x e d b ea ms o f v i rt u e (
“
A n t i t he ts , p .

Yea fro m t he gla ss f a ced fla tter c r

T o A pe m a n tu s.

Ti m o n of A t h e ns , a ct i . se .

H e re a ga i n i s t he p e rfe c t a n d o ri gi n a l p hi l o so ph o f a c o n s , y B ’

’
t ha t w e see ou rs elves i n other s fa ces, a n d it is a fa r pr o fo u n de r
s i m i le t ha n a t fi r st s i
gh t s t ri k es u s . F o r do w e n o t s e e by others
w he t he r i t go e s i ll or w ell w i t h us ? An d a s o u r o wn i m a ge i n a

m i rr o r pl ea se s u s o r n o , s o do e s t he re fl e c t i o n r e a c t u p o n o u r se l f

c o n sc i o u sn e s s .

h er gl a ss b u t yo u t ha t fla t te rs h e r,
’
Tis n ot

A n d o u t o f y o u sh e se e s h ers e l f m ore pro pe r

Tha n a n y o f h e r l i n ea m e n ts c a n sh o w he r .

As y o u Li k e i t , a ct iii . se .

Essa y on
“
F ri e n dshi p Fo r a s S J a mes
. sa i t h, t he y a re a s

m e n , tha t look so m eti mes i n to a gla ss, a n d p resen tly forget thei r ow n
”
sha p e a nd f a vour .

“
C o m pa re Ri c ha rd t he S e c o n d (a ct iv . se . 3)

Ri c ha rd . Gi ve m e t ha t gla ss , a n d t h e re i n wi ll I rea d,

Wa s t hi s t h e fa c e, t h e fa ce

v
Tha t e e ry da y , u n de r hi s h o u se h o ld ro o f,
Di d k e e p t e n t h o u sa n d m e n Wa s t hi s t he fa c e ,
Tha t l i k e t h e su n , di d m a k e b e h o lde rs w i n k ?
Is t hi s t h e fa c e , w hi c h fa c d so m a n y fo lli es ,
’

d b y B o li n gbro k e ?
’

Tha t w a s a t la st ou t -
fa c

’
H ow s oon my sorr o w ha th destr oy d m y f a c e ?

Th e se c o n d pre c e pt c o n c e rn i n g t hi s k n o w l e dge i s , fo r m e n to ta k e go o d
i n fo rm a t i o n t o u c h i n g t h e i r o w n pe rs o n , a n d w e l l t o u n de rs ta n d t h e m s e l es : v
k n o w i n g t ha t , a s S J
a m e s sa i t h , t h o u gh m e n l o o k o ft i n a gl a ss , y e t t h e y do

v
.

s u dde n l y fo rg e t t h e m s e l e s w h e re i n a s t h e di v i n e gl a ss i s t he w o rd o f G o d,
s o the
p o li t i c g l a ss i s t h e s t a t e o f t he w o rld, o r ti m es w h e re i n w e l i e , in t h e v
wh i c h w e
”
a re t o b eh o ld o u rs e l ves (T w o B o o ks of Ad v a n c em en t o f Lea rn ~

i ng, p .
 P E R S P E C TI VE , R E F L E C T] O IV, G L A S S M I R R O R -
.

B o l i n g br oke . Th e sha do w of yo u r so rro w ha t h de s tr o y d

’

Th e sh a do w of yo u r fa c e .

Ri cha r d . Sa y t h a t a ga i n .

’
Th e sh a do w o f m y s orro w h a , l e t s se e ,
v
Ti s e ry t ru e , m y gri e f l i e s a ll w i t h i n ,
’

x
A n d t h ese e t e rn a l m a n n e r o f l a m e n t s
A re m ere l y sh a dow s t o t h e u n se en gri e f,
sil e n c e i n th e t o rt u r d s o u l
’
T ha t s w e l ls wi th .

(A c t iv . so .

F o r t he m i n d of ma n i s fa r fro m t he na t u re of a c lea r a nd

e q ua l gla ss, w he r e i n t h e bea ms o f t hi n gs s ho u ld re flect a c c o rdi n g t o

t he i r t ru e i n c i de n c e ( A “
d v a n c em en t o f L ea rn i n
g ,
”
Bk . II p . .

Ma y ne v er gl o ri ou s su n r e flex hi s bea m s .

1 Ki n g H e n ry VI .
, a ct v . se .

Ib e li e v e w e l l t ha t t hi s y ou r L o rdshi p
’
s a b se n c e w i ll ra t he r

be a gla ss u n to you , to s ho w you ma n y t hi n g s, w he re o f y o u m a y

ma k e u se he r e a ft e r
”
(
“
L e t t e r t o t he M a r q uis of B ki
uc n
gha m ,
M a rc h 1 0,
Orga na sensu u m cu m orga n i s re ecti on u m co n ven i u n t fi . Thi s ha t h

p la ce i n P ersp ecti ve A rt ; for the eye i s li ke to a l

ga ss, o r t o w a t ers

(Li b . III .
, p 1 3
.5 ,
“
De A u gm e n t i s,
”
Fro m t he n o t e i n t he
m a rgi n , B a c on ha s k
t a e n t hi s fro m t he A ra bi a n wr i t e r Alha z e n
”
Opt i c s, Vi t e llo ) .

Alha zen wa s a Sp a n i sh M o or w ho di sc o v ered a t m o sphe ri c

It i s v er y stri k i n g t o fin d Ba con ha d b ee n st u d yi n g t h e w o rk s of t hi s
e xt ra o rdi n a ry
pa rt i c u l a rl y a s h e m a k e s n o fu rt h e r m e n t i o n o f h i m e l se
ma n ,

w h ere It sh o w s B a c o n s k n o wl e dg e o f t he m ost a d a n c e d di s c o e ri e s a n d
’
v v
v
.

t h ou gh t , w a s fa r de e pe r t h a n w e h a e a n y i de a o f Dra pe r m a i n t a i n s ou r .

de b t t o t h e Ara b i a ns a nd S pa n i sh M o o rs i n sc i e n t i fi c di s c o v e ri e s t o ha v e

y e t h a lf re c o g n i se d In B a “
H o ly Wa r
’
been e n orm o u s a n d a s . c on s t h e re
is c u ri o u s a n d su s i c i o u s re fe r e n c e t o t h e se M o o rs
a p
P olli o Wh a t sa x
y y o u t o t h e E t i rpa t i o n o f t h e M oo rs o f Va l e n ti a ? At
v
.

whi ch su dden qu e s t i o n M a r t i n s w a s a l i t tl e a t a s t o p , a n d G a m a li e l pre e n t ed

hi m a n d sa i d, “
I t hi n k M a rt i n s di d w e l l i n o m i ttin
g t h a t a c t i o n , fo r I , f or
my pa r t, n e v er a pp roved f
o it; a nd it seem s G od w a s n o t w e ll p lea se d w i th tha t
”
de ed .

It i s t o t h e Ara bi a n s Al c h e m y o w es i t s o ri gi n , pa rt i c u l a rl y t o G e b e r ri a r F
v
.

B a c o n w a s a n o t h e r w ri t e r u p o n t hi s su bj e c t , a n d w e m a y o bser e i n h i m t h e
v
u se o f i n du c t i o n a n d o b ser a t i o n o f fa c t s i n n a t u re qu i t e a ft e r t h e Ba c o n i a n

m etho d .
82 P E R S P E C TI VE , R E F L E C TI O IV, G L A S S M I R R O R -
.

r e fr a c t i o n . Hi s da te w a s a bo u t A D . . 1 1 00 .
“
He w a s t he fi rs t

to c o rr e c t t he G re e k m i sc o n c e p t i o n a s t o t he na t u re of vi si o n ,

sho w i n
g t ha t t he ra s o f li ght c o m e fro m y e x t e rna l j
o b e c ts t o t he

e e, n d do n o t i s su e fo rt h fro m t he a nd i m p i n ge
y a e ye on

e x t e rn a l t hi n gs, a s up t o hi s t i m e ha d b e e n su ppo s e d . He
de t e rm i n e d t ha t t he r e t i na i s t he sea t of vi si o n , a n d t ha t i m pr e s
si o n s m a de by l ig ht u po n it a re c o n vy e ed a l o n g t he Opt ic n er v e

to t he b ra i n . Wi t h e xt ra o r di n a r y a c u t e n e s s, he a pp l i e s t he

p ri n c i pl e s w i t h w hi c h he i s dea l i n g t o t he de t e rm in a t i o n o f t he
he ight o f t he a t m o sp he r e , de c i di n g i t s l i m i t a s n e a rl 5 8 5 m i le s y .

On e of hi s w o r k s is e n t i t le d,
‘
The B k oo of t he B a la n ce of

Wi sdo m .
’
In t hi s b o o k th e w e i gh t of t he a t m o sphe re is se t

fo r t h, a nd he fur t he r e xp l i a ns t he t he o r y of t he b a la n ce a n d st e el
y a rds, sho w i n
g t he re la t i o n s be t w e e n t he c e n t re of g ra vi t y a n d
t he c e n t r e o f su s e n si o n — w he n t ho s e i n s t ru m e n t s w i ll se t a n d
p
w he n t he y w i ll v i bra te . He re c ogn i se s gra v i t y a s afo rc e ;
a ss e rt s t ha t i t di m i n i she s w i t h t he di s ta n ce . He k n o w s t he

r e la t i o n b e t w e e n t he v e lo c i t i e s, sp a c e s a n d t im e s o f fa lli n g b o di e s,
a nd ha s v y di
er st i n c t i de a s o f ca p i l la r y a t t ra c tio n H e i m pro e s
. v
t he c o n st r u c t i o n of t ha t o ld Ale xa n dr i a n i n v e n t i o n t he H dr o y
m etu s . T he de t e rm i n a t i o n of t he de n si t i e s of b o di e s, a s
gi v en by
Alha zen , a
pp ro a c h v y er c lo s e l y to o ur own ; in t he ca se of

m e rc u r y th y e a re e v en m o re e xa c t t ha n s o m e o f t ho s e o f t he la st
c e n ur t y Ij i. o n , a s, do u b t l e ss, a ll na t ur a l phi loso p he rs w i ll do , i n

t he pi p y
ou s ra er of Al ha zen , t ha t i n t he da y of j u dg m e n t , t he

All M e rc ifu l w il l ta
-
k e pi t y on t he so u l o f A bu r Ra c ha n , b e ca
-
u se

he w a s t he fi r st o f t he ra c e o f m en to c o n s t ru c t a t a ble o f sp e c i fi c

gra vi t i es a nd I wi ll a sk t he sa m e fo r A lha zen him se lf, si n c e he

wa s t he fi r st to t ra ce t he c u rv i l i n ea r pa t h of a ra
y of li ght
t hro u gh t he a ir . Thou gh m o re t ha n se v e n c e n t u ri e s pa rt hi m
fro m our t i m e s , t he p h yi s o l o gi s t s o f g e m a y a c c e p t hi m a s
t hi s a

t he i r c o m p e e r, si n c e he v
r e c e i e d a n d de fe n de d t h e do c t ri n e n o w

fo rc i n g i t s w a y o f t he p ro gre ssi e de e l o p m e n t o f v v a ni m a l fo rm s

(Dra p e r s
’ “
I
n t e lle c t u a l D e e l o pm e n t o f Eu r o p e , v v ol . ii .
pa g e s
 P E R S P E C TI VE , R E FL E C T I O N G L A sa a on . 83

T he Fa b le of Na rc i ssu s or S e lf L o v e i n
-
“
The Wi sdo m of t he

An c i e n t s sho u ld be re a d in c on n e cti on w i t h t hi s j
su b e c t . B a c on

w r i t e s t ha t Na rc i ssu s ,
ha v i n g e spi e d t he sha do w o f hi s o wn fa c e
i n t he w a t e r, w a s so v
b e so t t e d a n d ra i she d w i t h t he c o n t e m pla
t ion a n d a dm ira t i o n t he re o f, t ha t b e b y n o m e a n s p o ssi ble c o u ld
b e dra wn fro m b e ho l di n g hi s i m a ge i n t hi s gla ss ; i n so m u c h, t ha t
by c on tin u a l ga z i n g t he re u p o n , he p i n e d a w a t o n o t hi n g, a n d y
wa s a t la st t u r n e d i n t o a fl
o w e r o f hi s o w n n a m e , w hi c h a pp e a rs

i n t he b e gi n n i n g o f t he s
p ri n
g ,
a nd is sa c r e d t o t h e i n fe rn a l
”
p o w e r s P lu to, P roserp i n e, a nd t he F u ri es . In t he fo llo w i n g
“
S o n n e t m a y b e fo u n d P e rsp e c t i v e i n t r o du c e d a s i llu si o n

XX I V .

M i n e e y e h a t h pl a y d t h e pa i n t e r
’
a nd ha t h s t el l d
’

Thy b e a u t y
’
s fo rm i n t a bl e of m y h e a rt
My b o dy i s t h e fra m e
’
w h e re i n t i s h e l d,
v
An d p e rsp e c t i e i t i s b e st pa i n t e r s a rt
’
.

F or t hrou gh t h e pa i n t er m u st y ou se e hi s sk i ll ,
T o fi n d w h e re y o u r t ru e i m a g e pi c t u re d li es
Whi c h ’
i n m y b o som s sh o p i s h a n gi n g s t ill ,
T ha t h a t h hi s w i n do w s gl a z e d w i t h t hi n e e y e s .

No w se e w h a t g o o d t u rn s e e s fo r y e y e s h a ve do n e
Min e e y es h a v
e dra w n t h y sh a pe , a n d t hi n e fo r m e
Are wi n do w s t o m y bre a st , w h ere t hro u gh t h e -
su n

De l i ght s t o p e e p, t o g a ze t h e re i n o n t h e e
Ye t e ye s t hi s cu n n ing wa n t t o g ra ce t hei r a rt

Th e y dra w b u t w h a t t h e y se e , kn o w n ot t h e h e a rt .

v
L i k e p e rs pe c t i e s , w hi c h ri gh t l y g a z e d u po n
S h o w n o t h i n g bu t c o n fu si o n —e y d a w ry ,
’

Di st i n gu i sh form .

Ri c h a rd II .
,
a c t 1 1 . so.

A na t u ra l p e rsp e c t i v e t ha t i s a nd is n ot .

Tw e l ft h N i gh t .

“
Li ke p ersp ecti ves whi ch show thi n gs i n wa rds when they a re bu t

p a i n ti n gs ( B
a con ,
“
Na t u ra l H i st o r ,
”
C en t i y . .

“
P oesy, i n t he s e n se i n w hi c h Ihv a e de fi ne d t he w o rd, i s a lso
conce rne d wi th i n di vidua ls ; t ha t i s, w i t h i n di i du a ls i n v e n t e d i n v
i m ita ti on of t ho se w hi c h a re t he j
su b e c t o f t ru e hi st o r y; ye t w i t h
84 P E R S PE C TI VE , R E F I E C TI O IV, G L A S S AII R R O R -
.

t hi s diffe re n c e , t ha t it c om m o n l y x e c e e ds t he m e a s u re o f n a t u re ,

j oin in
g a pl e a
t su re t hi n gs w hi c h i n na t u r e w o u ld ne v er ha v e

c om e t o ge t he r, a nd i n t ro du c i n g t hi n gs w hi c h i n na t u r e w o u ld

n e ve r ha v m e co e t o pa ss ; j u st a s P a i n ti n g li k e w i se do e s . Thi s i s
t he w o r k f Imo a
gi n a t i o n .
”

It i s m o st i m p o rta nt t o o b se rv e t ha t B a con c om
p a re s P oesy t o
P a i n ti n g, n ot on l yi n t hi s pa ssa
ge , b u t a b u n da n t l y e l s e w he re , in
e xa c tl y t he sa m e wa y w e fi n d i n t he S o n n e t s a t t ribu t e d t o

Sha k e sp ea re .

P oesy c o m po se t h a n d i n t ro du c e t h a t pl e a su re , e v en a s P a i n ti n g
do t h ; w hi c h i n de e d i s t he w o r k of i m a gi n a t i o n
”
(Li b . II . c ha p .

lxx i i v .
“
Ad v a n c em en t of Lea rn n i g
A s fa s hi n e he a r t s
’
c es i n w a t e rs , so m en s a re ma n i fe st t o t he

wi s e
”
(
“
A dv a n c e m e n t of L e a rn i n g,
”
Pa ra ble xxxi v .
; P ro v e rb s

xxv ii .

“
Thi s pa ra bl e di s t i n gu i she s b e t w e e n t he he a rt s o f w i se m e n
a n d o f o t he r m e n , c o m a ri n
p g t h o se to wa ters or m i rrors w hi c h

re fl ect t he fo rm s a ndi m a ge s o f t hi n gs, t ho se t o e a rt h o r ru de

st o n e w hi c h re fl e c t n o t hi n g The m i n d o f a wi se m a n i s a p t l
. y
c o m pa r e d to a m i rror, b e ca u se i n i t he se e s hi s own i m a ge a lo n g
w i t h t ho se o f o t he rs, a n d he e n dea v t bo u rs l v o e no e ss a ri e d in
a
pp li ca t i o n t ha n in obser v a tion (B k VIII D A gm
oo .
“
e u en tis

It m a y he r e m a r k ed he r e t ha t t h m i d li k t h
e fn ,
e e su r a c e o f a

la k e, or o f w a t e r, m u st be ca lm a nd tra nqui l to re flect truly . D ir e c t l y

we a re in fl u en c ed b y pa ssi o n s o r a ffe c t i o n s, n o t o n l do e s t he y
m in d r e fu s e fl y
t o re e c t c l e a rl , b u t i t r e fra c t s, t ha t i s, di spro p o r

t ion s a n d is p j v j
re u di c e d, e e n a s o b e c t s a r e r e fra c t e d b y w a t e r .

In t he fo llo w i n g c i ta t i o n s fro m t he S o n n e t s m a y b e fo u n d b o t h
“ “
Gla ss a nd P ersp ecti ve i n t ro du c e d aga i n It i s m y b e li e f
.

t he s e a re n ot c a su a l o r su rfa c e si m ile s, b u t a re e r pro fo u n dl v y y

c on n e c t e d wi t h so m e ver y im p o rt a n t na t u ra l l a w s a
pp li e d t o a rt

a nd y y
l i n g c l o se l a t t he r o o t o f t he 1 6 2 3 Thea t re .

v
Thu s ha e w e n o w dw e lt w i t h t w o o f t he t hre e b ea m s of

ma
’
n s k n o w l e dge , t ha t i s, ra di u s di rec ta s, w hi c h i s r e fe rre d to
na t u re , ra di us f
re ra cta s, w hi c h i s re fe rr e d to G o d, a n d c a n n o t re po r t
 P E R S P E C T I VE , R E F L E C T I O IV, G L A S S M I R R O R -
. 85

t ru l y , b e c a u se Of t he i n e q ua li t y of t he m e di u m (
“
Tw o B k oo s
”
of t he Adv a n c e m e n t , p .

XX II .

M y gl a s s sh a ll n ot p e rsu a de m e I m ld a o ,

So lo n g a s y ou t h a n d t h o u a re O f d t on e a e

Bu t w h e n i n t h e e t i m e fu rro w I b h ld
’
s s e o ,

Th e n l o ok Id ea t h m y da ys s h ld xpi t
ou e a e.

T h e w rin kl e s wh i c h thy gla ss w i l l t ru l y sh o w ,

O f m o u t h e d gra es w il l gi v v e t h e e m e m o ry .

(S o n n e t l xx v n ) .

I do n ot t hi n k a n hou r gla -
ss o f Ti me i s he r e i m pli e d, b e c a u se

wri n kles “
a re to be shown o r re flected ,
a nd it se em s to us by thy
”
gla ss, i s m ea nt t he g e n e ra t i o n s of m en (
i n t he se n se t ha t t he

y r fl td
pl a s a e re ec e by o t he rs
) ,
w ho pa ss a wa y p ra i si n g t he se
w k b i g h e r e c o lle c t i v e l yp e r so n i fi ed a s
or m s, a n e n
gro wi n g o ld a n d
w i kl d f t hi i B ’
r n e ,
or s s on e of a c o n s e sp e c i a l i de a s, t ha t t h e
pa st i s
th y e th f t h w
ou O e o rld a n d t he p r e s e n t i t s o ld a g e .
“
A s fo r
ti q i ty th
a n u
p i i ,
e O n on t o u c hi n g i t w hi c h m e n e n t e rt a in i s q u ite

a ne y
gli ge n t o n e , a n d s c a r c e l c o n so n a n t w i t h t he w o rl d i t s e lf .

F or the old a ge of the world i s to be a ccou n ted the tru e a n ti qu i ty a n d

thi s i s the tribu te of ou r own ti mes, n o t of tha t ea rli er a ge of the world
i n whi ch the a n ci en ts li ved ; a nd whi ch thou gh i n re sp ect o f us i t wa s

the e lder, yet in resp ec t o f the world i t wa s the you n ger

”
(B k I
oo .
,

Ad v a n c e m en t o f L e a rn i n g

If t h a t t h e W o rld a n d L o e w e re y o u n g , v
v
A n d t ru t h i n e e ry Sh e ph e a rd s t o n g u e ,
’

T h e se pre t t y pl e a su r e s m i g ht m e m o e , v
v
T O l i e wi t h t h e e a n d b e t hy L o e v .

Pa ssi o n a t e Pil gri m .

Tha t m a n i s, a s i t w e re , the com mon me a su re a nd m irror or gla ss

o f n a tu re
”
(Pa ra c e l su s, Flu dd, p a ssi m ; p 2 5 0, .
“
Ad v a n c em en t Of

L ea rn i n
g,
“
It se e m e t h both i n e a r a n d e ye , t h e i n st ru m e n t o f se n se ha t h
a ym p
s a th y o r si m ili t u de wi t h t ha t w hi c h gi e t h t he v re fl e c ti on

Na t u ra l Hi st o r y ,
”
Ex p .
 86 P E R S P E C TI VE , R E FL E C TI O N, G L A S S M I R R O R .

In t he F o u r t h B k oo of De A u gm e n t i s,
t he a c o n w ri t e s i n
”
B
t he fo ll o w i n g re se r vd e a n d sus i c i o u s m a n n e r c o n c e rn i n
p g P e rsp ec

ti ve, c ur i o u s l y c on n ec tin
g i t wi t h S ense a nd S en si bi li ty . T hi s
i s b e fo u n d u n de r t he 2 8 t h De c i e n t o r S ta fi r, e n t i t le d De Ni mbus
Sp iri tus i n mo tu volu n ta ri o, w hi c h i s re n de re d O f t he Diffe r e n c e
b e t w e e n P e rc e p t i o n a nd Se n s e Ca ta lo gu e D e flc i e n t s T he
j
su b e c t b e l o n gs t o t he t hi rd se c tio n O f t he t hi rd c ha p t e r . The
D istri bu ti on f
o the f a cu ltie s o f the sensible S oul . I n to motio n . I n to
S ense .
”
We r ea d, Bu t of S en se a nd S en si bi li ty t he re ha t h b e e n
m a de a fa r m o r e pl e n t i fu l b o t h i n ge n e ra l
a nd di li g e n t en q iy u r ,

t r ea t i se s a b o u t t he m , a n d i n pa rt i c u la r s c i e n c e s ; a s i n P ersp ec ti ve

a n d M usi c ; how tru ly i s n ot to o ur

p u/rp ose to de li ver “he re fo re
T
.

we ca n n o t se t t he m do w n a s de fi c i e n t s . No t wi t hsta n di n g t he re

a re two n o bl e a n d re m a r k
bl e pa rt s, whi ch i n this kn owledge we
a

a ssign to be De ficie n t t he o n e c o n c e rn i n g the difieren ce of p ercep ti on

’

a n d sense ; the o the r co ncern i n g the form of L i ght (p . 2 1 2, Ad v a nce

”
m en t Of L ea rn i n
g,
It m a y b e se e n B a c o n reserves P e rsp e c t i v e, a nd
“
M u si c , a s
”
no t to ou r ur ose
p p to deli ver, s ho w i n g b y t he la n
g ua
ge he u se s t ha t

he h e l d so m e sp e c i a l k n o w le d e u p o n
g t he j
su b e c t s, w hi c h he m y s

t e ri o u sly w i t hho lds . It i s m y o pi n i o n , fo u n de d v y

u p o n so m e er

p r o fo u n d re fl e c ti o n s in c on n e ction wi t h t he
“
N t l Hi t y
a u ra s or ,

(w h e re w e r e fin d M u si c t rea t e d a t gre a t l e n g )
t h t h t li k t h a e e
“
H i s to r y Of t he W i n ds ,
”
t he se j
su b e c t s b e lo n g t t h m hi
o y e a c n er

of t he fo u rt h pa rt o f t he I n sta u ra t io n ,
”
—t he pl y a s .

“
A re n ot t he o rga n s O f t he se n se s O f o n e ki nd w i t h t he o rg a n s

o f re fl e ct io n , the eye wi th a gla ss, t he ea r wi th a ca v e o r s t ra it,

de t e rm i n e d a n d b o u n de d ? Ne i t he r a re t he se on ly s i mi li tu d es,

a s m en O f n a rr o w o b se r v a tion m a y c on c ei v e t he m t o b e , bu t the

sa me footstep s of na tu re, t rea di n g or pr i n t i n g u po n se v e ra l su b

j e cts or m a t t e rs .
(
“
Tw o B k oo s o f t he A d a v n c e m en t,
”
ii .

In t he No vu m O rga n u m ,
”
i i 2 7 , t he
. sa m e ill u st ra t i o n s a re
gi e n v
of w ha t B a c o n ca lls “
c o n fo rm a bl e i n st a n ces
”
or
“
p h y s i ca l sim ili ~

” “
t u de s .F ro m t he se he de du c e s t he pri n c i pl e orga na sensu u m
”
c l corp ora , qu ce p a ri u n t rej lex i on es a d sensus esse s imili s na ta rre .
 P E R S P E C TI VE , KE P L E C TI O N, G L A S S M I R R O R -
. 87

B a con , w he n c o m p a ri n g t he eye w i th a gla ss, me a ns a looki n g

gla ss. Thi s i s a hi ghl y i m p o rt a nt

po i n t t o n o t e . B e c a u se if
“ ”
t he L a tin pa ssa ge did n ot ru n o cu lus en i m si m i li s, sp ecu lo,

i t m i ght b e o pe n t o do u b t w he t he r he did n o t m e a n tra n sp a ren t

o r c ommon
gla ss, w hi c h i s a er v y
diffe r e n t si m i le a l t o ge t he r We .

se e a t on ce t ha t t he e n t i r e fo rc e o f a c o n s si m i l e , a n d t h e
’
B
s i m il e s e xt ra c t e d fro m t he pla y s, re v o l v e u po n re flecti o n . B a con

e vi d en t ly w a s in p o ss e s si o n o f so m e i m p o rt a nt a nd e xt ra o rdi n a r y
la w w i t h re
ga rd t o t he s e n se s a n d re fl e c tin g b o di e s, w hi c h he
i n t e n t i o n a ll y w i t hho lds . He ca ll s t hi s c o n se n t or r e sp o n de n c y
i n t he Ar c hi t e c t u r e s a n d fa bri c s o f thin gs Na tu ra l a nd thi n gs ci vi l

r
— P e rsi a n M a i c
g (
" D e A “
u m e n t i s,
g I n t h e T w
”
o III .
“

B k oo s of t he A dv a n c e m e n t
”
he c a lls t hi s p a rt i c u la r bra n c h
f ko n ow e l dg e “
P hi losop hi a p ri ma , si ve de fon ti bu s sci en ti a ru m,
a nd
g i
w ri t e sn s t t hi s he a d
a a Thi s sc i e n c e , t he r e fo r e
“
(a s I
u n de r sta n d i t ,
) m a
y u st l I j
r e p o r t a s de c i e n t : fo r y se e fi I so m e

t i m e s t he pr o fou n de r so r t of wi t s i n ha n dli n
g so m e
p a r t i c u la r

a r
g u m e n t w i ll n o w a n d t he n dra w a b u c e t O f w a t e r o u t o f t hi s k
w e ll fo r t he i r p re s e n t u se : bu t t he spri n g he a d t he r e o f se e m e t h -

v
t o m e n o t t o ha v e b e e n i si t e d b e i n g O f so e x c e ll e n t u se , both for
the di sclosi n g f
o na tu re, a nd the a bri dgeme n t f
o a rt
”
(B k II oo .
p .

“ ”
He ca lls t hi s sc i e n c e a co m m on pa ren t . T hi s sc i e n c e

b e i n g t he r e fo re fi rs t pla c ed a s a c om m on
pa r e n t li k e u n to B e re

c y n t hi a w hi c h ha d so m u c h he a v en l yi s s u e , om n es cwli cola s o mn es

sup era a lta ten en tes

”
In t he No vu m O rga n u m he
e x e m pl i fi es a s c o n fo rm a ble i n sta n c es Sp e c u lu m et O c u lu s

et s i m ili t e r fa bri ca a u r i s, e t lo c a r e dde n t i a e c ho

(B o o k ii .

T here ca n be no do u bt the t h e o r y Of r e fl e ction , or Of be a m s

Of re fl e c ti o n , ho l d a m o s t i m p o rt a n t p o si t i o n i n t he B a c on a n i

p ri m a r y P hil o s o ph y ,
fo r i n c on te xt wi t h a ll t hi s q u o t e d, a nd

a s i t w e re a t t he Op e n i n
g Of t he su bj e c t of t h e p a rt i t i o n Of
p hi l o

“ ”
By t h e P ersi a n M a gi c ,
p l l Ba con ro b a bl y
u de s t o t h e M a g i a n sy s t e m a

w h i c h w a s t h e sou rc e O f t h e phil o s o ph y O f t h e o n i a n H e ra c l i t u s , wh o se i n I
flu e n c e u po n Pl a t o i s s o c o n spi c u ou s The Th ee t e t u s i s e n t i re l y de o t e d
. v
v
t o t h e de e l o pm e n t o f t h e do c t ri n e s O f H e ra c l i t u s, a n d i t s c o n se qu e n c e s, so
”
w e ll su m m e d u p by Pl a t o , N o t hi n g i s , bu t a ll b e c o m e s .
88 P E R S PE C T I VE , R E P L E C T I O IV, G L A S S JVI RR OR -
.

S o ph y (B k III oo . De Au gm e n t i s a B con w ri t e s The j

Ob e c t

Of P hil p hy io so s O f t hre e s o rt s—G o d, Na t u r e M a n : so li k e w i s e

,

t h e re i s a t r i pl e B EA M of
Thi n gs ; fo r Na t u r e da r t s u po n t he
u n de rs ta n di n
g wi th a di rect bea m ; G o d b e ca
u s e o f t he i n e u a l i t q y
Of t he m e di u m , w hi c h i s t he Crea t u re , w i t h a refra ct bea m ; a n d

ma n re e se n ted a n d e xhi bi t e d t o hi m s e lf w i t h bea m flex

p r a re

(Bo o k III “
. ch . i . De The re i s so m e spe c i a l

p hi lo so p y
h in a ll t hi s, i n a sm u c h a s w e ha v e fou n d i n t he pla s y
t he la st t hi rd of t he se pa rt i t i o n s, v z refl
’
or i .
,
t he ex d bea m re pre

se n t e d a s ma n se e n by o t he rs . The pro fo u n d t hi n e r m u st k
p e rc e i v e , t ha t t he t he o r y of t he eye a s a loo ki n g gla ss, — t ha t i s -

a s a re fl e c t i n g a n d r e fra c t i n g m e di u m , —
ma y b e i n v o l ve d i n t hi s
q u e st i o n . In t he S e c o n d B k oo of The A d v a n c em en t of L ea rn
” “ ”
ing t hi s qu o t a t i o n fro m t he De Au gm e n t i s i s o m i t t e d,
bu t fids i t s pa ra lle l,
n or e c ho , i n t he se w o r ds — “
T hu s ha e v
we n o w dea l t w i t h t w o Of t he t hr e e b ea m s of ma n s
’
k n o w le d e
g
t ha t i s, ra di us di recta s, w hi c h i s re fe rr e d to Na t u r e ,
ra d i us re ra c ta s,f
w hi c h is r e fe rre d to G o d, a nd c a n n ot r e p o rt t ru l y b e ca u se of

t he in e q ua li t y of t he m e di u m . T he re re st e t h ra di us re flexus
whereby ma n beholde th a nd con te mp la te th hi mse lf ”
(B k II
oo .
p .

H o w fo n d B a c on is of t hi s si m i l e of t he Looki n g Gla -
ss !
H e w ri t e s t ha t m a n ma y n ot in q u i re t he na tu re Of G od . B ut
of A n gels Sp i i
r ts he m aa nd
y B u t t he so b e r i n u i r t o u c hi n
g .
“
q y
t he m , w hi c h by t he gra da t i o n o f t hi n gs c o rp o ra l m a y a sc e n d

t o t h e n a t u re o f t he m , o r w hi c h m a y b e s e e n i n t he so u l O f
”
looki n g gla ss, i s i n wi se in d D e A u gm e n t i s,
’
ma n, as in a -
no restra

Li b . III . A n d t hi s a t on ce a
g re e s w i t h B
a c o n s t he o r Of
’
y
V
D I INAT I ON BY I NFLUX I O N : Tha t t he m i n d a s a m i rro r
or l
ga ss sho u l d t k
a e a se c o n da r y ki n d o f i llu m i n a t i o n fro m t he
fo r e k n o w le d e o f
g G o ds a nd Sp iri ts, u n to w hi c h t he sa me st a te

a n d r e gi m e n t o f t he bo d y w hi c h w a s t o t he fi rst do t h li k e w i se
” “ ”
c o n du c e (Li b . IV . ch . i ii . De A u gm e n t i s ) Thi s a nd t he

ne xtp g ph pa rt i c u la rl
a ra ra y u po n
“
Fa s c i n a t i o n a re un dou btedly
Rosi c ru ci a n doctri n es .

B a con q u o te s Pa ra c e su s l a nd Cr o lli u s, b o t h Ro si c ru c i a n s, i n
 P E R S P E C TI VE , R E FL E C TI ON, G L A S S M I RR OR -
. 89

c o n t ex t w i t h t he la st su b e c t j . T he gre a t E n gli sh Ro si cru c i a n ,

T ho m a s Va u
g ha n , wr i t e s

“
G od i n v
lo e w i t h hi s o wn b ea ut yf ra m es a gla ss t o i ew it v
by re fl ec t io n
”
(
“
T he A u t ho r t o t he Re a de r,
” “
A n t hr o p o so phi a
T he o m a gi c a , T ho m a s Va u gha n , Wa i t e s e di t i o n )
’
.

“
y
Tru l Na t ur e i s m u c h o f t hi s st ra i n , fo r she ha t h i n fi n ite

b e a u t e o u s p a t t e rn s i n he rs e lf, a n d a ll t he se she w ou l d gla se e dly

y
b e o n d he rs e lf, whi ch she ca n n ot do wi tho ut the ma tter, for tha t i s he r

gla ss
”
(
“
C oelu m T e rree or t he M a gi c i a n
’
s H ea v ly Chen a os a n d

Va u gha n , p 1 31 , Wa i t e )
”
F i rs t M a t t e r of a ll T hi n gs, Tho m a s . .

We fi n d Ro b e rt F lu dd wri t i n g i n hi s M o sa i c a ll P hi l o so p h y
(B k II
oo .
, p 1 7
. 2 ,
1 6 5 9) — “
S t Di o n yis us sa ith ‘
Tha t a n a n ge l

i s t he i m a g e of G o d, a nd t he s hi n i n
g fo rt h of hi s hi dde n li ght , a
mi rror p u re a nd most bri ght, wi t ho u t sp o t , w i t ho u t w e m m , a n d
w i t ho u t de fili n g . A n d fo r t hi s ca u se he ca lle t h t he g e ls, A lga
a n

ma tha ,
t ha t i s most clea n m i rrors, rec ei vi n g the li ght f
o God a rgu e
i n g t ru e ly t ha t t he y a re t he i m a ge s of t he Ca t ho li c em a na tion ,

fro m w he n c e t he y spri n
g . For s c ri
pt u r e s sa
y t ha t t he
,
s
p i ri t of

wi sdo m i s t he br i ght n e ss Of t he e t e rn a l li ght , a gla ss or m i rro r

of the m a j esty o f God, w i t hou t sp o t , a n d t he i m a ge o f hi s
’

g o o dn e ss .

“
T he q v ua p i n m u si c ,
e ri n g u p o n a gi e s t he sa m e de li ght t o
st o v
t he e a r t ha t t he pl a y
i n g O f li ght u p o n t he w a t e r, o r t he spa r li n g k
Of a di a m o n d gi e s t o t h e e y ev
S pl e n de t t re m u l o su b lu m i n e po n t u s .

Ad v a n c em en t o f L e a r n i n g, B k III
oo .
,

hea ri n g
Thi s spl e n di d c o m pa r i s o n o f o n e se n se w i t h a n o t h er (
k
w i th si ght) i s a s st ri i n g a s i t i s p o e t i c a l a n d b e a u t ifu l .

The q fro m Virgi l a n d i t s a p pli c a t i o n t o w a e s O f

u o ta ti on v
v
s o u n d r e e a l s t he p hil o s o p h e r p o e t n di n
g a n a lo gi e s a n d p a ra ll e l s
-
fi
y
t h e m o st a pp a r e n t l r e m o t e , a n d illu st ra t i n g t h e m b y a li n e fr o m

a n o t he r
p o e t in a m om e n t . C o m pa re
Th a t st ra in ga i n , i t h a d a dy i n g fa ll
a

o e r m y e a r, l i k e t h e s w e e t s ou n d
’
0, i t ca me
go P E R S P E C TI VE , R E F L E C T I 01 V, G L A S S M I RR O R -
.

T ha t b rea t he s u po n a ba nk o f vi o l e ts

S t ea l i n g a n d g i vi n g O do u r.

T w e l ft h N i gh t , a ct i . so .

Ma r k ho w sou nd a n d sme ll a re b ro u ght i n t o illu st ra t e ea ch

o t he r, t he c flo rt of t he p o e t b e i n g t o p il e up de li ght by i de n
t i fy i n g or m ul t i plyi n
g on e pl e a s u ra bl e se n s e w i t h a n o t he r Bu t .

n e v e rt he l e s s i t i s a c o m pa ri s o n , a n d t he sa m e p hilo so p hi c sp i r i t is
ap pa re n t a s i n a c o n B
In t he Na t u ra l H i st o r
.
“
w e fin d a c o n y B
stu d in y y
g pro fo u n dl t he Co n se n t o f Vi si bl e s a n d A u di ble s, t ha t i s
se e i nkg p fi
a sc i e n t i c ba s i s i n e x e r i e n c e , fo r t he r e la t i o n shi
p o f one

s e n se to a n o t he r — si ght t o he a r i n g . O f o do u rs he w ri t e s Tha t ,
w hi c h a bo v e a ll o t he rs , yi e lds t he swee te st sm e ll i n the a i r is the

(Essa y q
“
vi ole t on G a rde n s In t he pa ssa ge u ot ed fro m
we fi n d t he si m i le of fl o w e rs gi v i n g fo rt h
o d o u r s c o m p a re d t o br ea t h

Th a t brea thes u po n a ba nk of vi o l e ts .

C o m pa r e , “
A n d b e ca u se t he brea th Of fl o w e rs i s fa r sw e e t e r in
t he a i r (w h e re i t c om e s a n d go e s li ke the wa rbli n g of m usi c)
”
(E ssa y
on
“
G a rde n s H e re w e ha v e t he pa ra lle l c o m ple t e o f sce n t a n d

sou n d bro u ght t o g e t he r a s i n t he pla In t he S l a Sy lv a ru m y . yv

( C e n tu r ii 1 1y3) — “
.Th e r e b e i n m u si c c e rt a i n
gu re s o r t ro p e s fi
a lm o st a
g re e i n
g w i t h t h e
g fi
u re s o f rhe t o ri c , a n d w i t h t he a j e e

tion s o f the m i n d a n d o t he r s e n s e s . Fi rst , t he di i si o n v a nd q v ua er

i n g w hi c h pl e a se so m u c h i n m u si c , ha v e a n a gre e m e n t wi t h t he

g l i t t e r i n
g o f li ht ; a s t he m o o n b e a m s
g p la i n g u p o n a w a ve -
y .

Aga n , t he fa lli n g from a discord to a con cord, w hi c h m a e t h grea t

i k
s w e e t n e ss i n m u si c , ha th a n a greeme n t wi th the a ffections ,
w hi c h a re

i
re n t e
gra t e d t o t he b e t t e r a ft e r s om e di sli k es it a gre e t h a lso w ith

the ta ste whi ch i s soon glu tted wi t h t ha t w hi c h i s sw e e t a lo n e The .

sl i di n g fro m t he c lo se o r ca de n c e , ha t h a n a gr e e m e n t w i t h t he

fig ur e in rh e t o ri c , w hi c h t he y ca ll p rce ter exp ec ta tu/m ; fo r t he re i s a

p le a su re e v en i n b e i n g de c e i ve d .

Love i s a n a fl b ction o f the mi d n ,

a nd we ma y se e ho w c o m pl e t e l y
t hi s p a ssa ge a l i
pp e s t o t he pa ssa
g e a lrea d yq u o te d fro m “
T w e lft h
 TH E WO RL D A S TH E A TR E .
91

Ni ght , ev en t o t he
“
dyin g fa ll a nd t o t he w o rd glu tted (w hi ch

fi n ds i t s fe llo w i n “
su rfei ti n g

If m u si c b e t h e f ood of Lo v e, pl a y on

Gi ve me e x
c e ss o f it : t ha t su r e i ti n g,
f
T he a pp eti te m a y si cken , a n d so di e .

0 , l ea rn t o d w h a t sil e n t l o e h a t h w ri t
re a v
T o h ea r wi t h e y es b el o n gs t o l o e s fi n e w i t v ’
.

(S o n n e t xxiii ) .

To hea r wi th eyes —
t hi s is a st ra n
g e si m i l e . Ye t di re c t l yw e

t u rn t o B a c on s
’ “
Na t ura l Hi st o ry ”
w e fi n d hi m v er y i
ser o u s ly
a nd a t grea t l e n gt h st u d yi n
g t he
“
Co nsen t a nd
“
Di ssen t
”
of

Vi sibles a nd A u di bles .
”
So m u c h a tt e n t i o n do e s h e gi v e t o t hi s

j
su b e c t , w e b e li e v e i t t ou c he s fa r m o r e de e pl y th e i n t e rp r e t a t i o n
of hi s a rt t ha n we ca n a s
y et even fa i n tly j t c o n e c ur e It se e m

e th bo t h i n ea r a n d e e ,
y t he i n st ru m e n t o f se n se , ha t h a s ym p a thy
o r s i m ili t u de w i t h t ha t w hi c h gi v eth t he re fl e cti on a s ha t h b e e n
t o u c he d b e fo r e F or t he si h t o f t h e e y e i s li ke a Chri sta l, or
. a s g
gla ss, or wa ter ; so i s t he ea r a si n u o u s c a n e w i t h a ha rd b o n e t o
” “
a n d re v e rb e ra so u n d A ga i n , A s Vi si bles
st o
p t e t he (Ex p .

w or k u
p o n a k
l o o i n g gl a ss, w hi c h i s li e t he pu pil o f t he e y e ;
-
k
a nd A u di bles u o n t he l a n e O f e c ho , w hi c h r e se m bl e i n s o m e
p p
so rt , t he c a v e rn a n d st ru c t u r e o f t he ea r
( p
Ex .

TH E W O RLD AS T H E AT RE —THE THE AT RE AS NAT URE .

T he e xt re m e fo n dn e ss B a c on ha s fo r c o n t e m pl a t i n g t he w o rld
a nd Na t u re i n t he sp i ri t of t he li n e s,
“
A ll the world s
’
a sta ge,
a nd a ll the men a nd women merely p la yers
”
(
“
A s y o u li k e is
st ri ki n
g .

Tha t i t i s on e of t he p t e st p a rt i c u la rs t ha t ha t h c o m e o r c a n
a

c om e u po n t he S ta ge fo r y
o u r L o rdshi p t o p u r c ha se ho n o u r
“
u
p o n
( Let t er of A dv i c e t o

0 L o rd t h o u a rt o u r h o m e t o w h o m w e fly ,
An d so h a s t a l wa ys b e e n fro m a g e t o a g e .
92 TH E WO R L D A S T H E A TR E .

Be fo re t h e hi lls di d i n te rc e pt t h e e y e ,
O r t h a t t h e fra m e w a s u p o f Ea r th ly S ta ge .

(Tra n sla t i o n , 9 otb Psa lm .

)

Bu t m e n m u st k n ow t ha t i n t hi s Thea tre o f m a n s
’
life , i t i s
v d ly f
r e se r e on or G od a nd A n ge l s t o b e l o o k e rs on (p 33.9 ,

B k VII A dv
oo .
,
a n c em en t o f
“
I t i s t he s
pe e c h of a lo v e r, n o t o f a wi s e m a Sa ti s ma gn u m
n,

a lter a lte ri Thea tr wm su m us

”
(p . 2 3, B k oo I .
,
“
v
Ad a n c em e n t o f

“
G o d ha t h of la t e ra i se d a n o c ca si o n , a n d e re c t e d a s i t w e re a

s ta ge or thea tre (C ha rge ga i n st Mr S

a . W . a nd H . I . fo r S ca n da l,
”
Se e ,
Pa rt I .
, p.5 9 ,
Re su sc i ta t i o ,
“
F o r if a ma n ca n b e pa rt a k er of God s The a tre, he
’
sha ll
li k e w i se be pa rta k er
’
o f G od s re st
”
(Essa y xi .
,
Of G r ea t

In t he Es sa y u pon Fri e n dshi p (1 6 07 1 2 ,

H a rl e i a
-
n M S 5 , 1 06
.

a lso 1 6 1 2 e di t i o n , b u t o m i t t e d i n e di t i o n O f 1 6 2 5 ) w e r ea d — “
The re
be som e w ho se li n es a re, a s if they p erp e tu a lly p la yed up on a sta ge,
di sgu ised to a ll o the rs, op en on ly to themselves ; b u t p e rp e t u a l di s

s i m u la t i o n i s pa i n fu l ,
a nd he t ha t i s a ll fo rt u n e a nd n o na t u re i s a n

ex q u i si t e hir e lin g .
”
Thi s i s a p o ssi bl e hi n t fo r li nes i n t he se n s e
“

O f ve rses
(a s a pla y of w o rds) , a n d p e rha p s r e fe r s t o t he p la s It y .

k
i s st ri i n g t hi s pa ssa ge i s o m i t t e d fro m t he e di t i o n o f 1 62 5 , a s i f
t o o da n ge ro u s Thi s u o ta t i o n n ds a
. q
pa ra lle l i n t hi s o t he r fi
like H ome r s Ve rses,
’
hi n t , Certa in ly, the re be whose F ortu nes a re
”
tha t ha ve a slide a nd ea si ness mo re tha n the verses o f other p oe ts
E
( ssa y on
“
F ort u n e ,
”

“
Bu t t o e n u m e ra t e t he se t hi n g s w e r e e n dl e ss : Ih a ve
gi v e n t he
rul e w he r e a ma n ca n n o t fi t ly p la y his own p a rt i f he ha v e n ot a

fri e n d, he m a y q u i t the sta ge

”
F ri e n dshi p

A n ton i o . I h ld th
o e w orl d b u t a s t h e w orl d, Gra t i a no ,

A s ta ge whe re e v er y ma n m u s t p la y a pa rt .

“
( M e rc ha n t o f Ve n i c e , a ct i . so .

T he m o t to t o t he Globe Thea tre w a s Totus JIIu n dus a gi t his

 TH E WOR L D A S TH E A TR E .
93

tri on em . It i s w e ll w o rt h y n ote t ha t B a c on s
’ “
De Au gm e n t i s
is ll e d by hi m
ca The I n t e ll e c t u a l Globe .
”

The r e a re t w o w a s y o f u n de rst a n di n g t he s e c o m pa ri so n s o f t he
’ ’
w o rld t o ge , a n d m a n s life w i t h t ha t o f a n a c t o r s T he o n e i s
a st a .

a s a p o e t i c a l a n d fa n c ifu l si m il e , t he o t he r i s a s a p hi loso hica l tru th

p .

Iv e n t u r e t o m a i n ta i n t he b e l i e f t he ide a i s a
pp li e d b y a c on t o B
t he pla y s in a p e rha p s ha s b e e n y e t c o n
fa r de e p er se n se t ha n

c ei v e d An d o n e o f t he rea so n s fo r o u r s o do i n g, i s t he pro fou n d

.

fl
re e c t i o n o f t he P la t o n i c P hi l o s o h
p i n t he S o n n e t s, a n d i n su c h y
pl y M i dsu m m e r s Ni ght
“ ’ ”
t he Dr e a m
’
a s a s s . Thi s ha s been
u n i v e rsa ll y a c k n o wled e d
g by a ll st u de n t s of t hi s a rt . No w
Pla t o
’
s p hi lo s o ph yi s e sse n t i a ll y on e t ha t c o n t e m pla t es e v y t hi
er g n

a s i llu si v e a nd fa ls e , w hi c h do e s n ot p e r ta i n t o t he rea li ti es of m i nd .

P he n o m e n a wi t h hi m a re i dols, i ma ges, wu n terfe i ts, sha dows, i m i ta

tion s—a nd he u se s t he se a x
c t u a l w o r ds t o e pr e s s t he r e la t i o n shi p

of form t o m a t t e r . On e of t he s e w o rds i s m i mesi s, or m i me ti c,

w hi c h i s t he pla y e rs
’
a rt . In fa c t wi t h Pla t o , a ll w e se e i n t hi s

g re a t w o rld a re bu t s ho w s , it is a st a g e ,
o n w hi c h w e a ct b e fo re
t he a
ge s . If t he di ffe r e n c e o b ta i n i n g b e t w e e n w ha t w e ca ll re a li t y
a n d u nrea y
li t c o n si st s in e n du ra n c e , t he n i t i s c e r ta i n t he re i s no

m o re re a li t y i n li fe o u t side m in d, m e m o r y ,
a nd w or k s t ha n in
t he a c t o r s a rt ,
’
w hi c h ha s n o rea li t y o u t si de t he t hea t r e o r st a ge
he pla y s on . E v y t hi
er n
g whi ch i s no t r ea l, b u t r e la ted to so m e t hi n g

e l se , c a rr i e s t he c ha ra c t e r o f i ll u si o n a nd i m i ta t i o n a bou t i t . A
ma n k
l o o i n g ba c t o hi s pa st li fe , wi t h t he e k x c ept i o n of w ha t h e

ho lds i n hi s ha n d o f i t , e i t he r o f w e a lt h, w o r k s, o r w ri t i n gs, m u st

fe e l t he re i s a c u ri o u s e l e m e n t o f t he t h e a t r e a b ou t i t . We ha v e

a c t e d, lo o k ed on a t o t he rs, go n e t hro u gh i n fi n it e sc e n e s, a ll of

w hi c h a t t he t i m e ga v e t he i m pr e ssi o n O f re a li t y e v en a s t he

p r e se n t m om en t ; ye t , e x c e pt i n m e m or y ,
n o t hi n
g su b st a n ti a l

re m a i n s, a nd t he e t e rn a l n ow i s bu t a se r i e s o f sc e n e s i n w hi c h
we a re bot h a c t o rs a n d sp e c ta t or s a t t he sa m e t im e . The i n vi s
i bl e m i n d o u t li v es t he v i sibl e bod y . T he c ha r a c t e r s o f t he p l a y s

of Fra n ci s B a c on ha v e m o re re a li t y a b o u t t he m , t ha n e v en t he

li v es of t he i r o r i gi n a l s, su c h a s J u li u s Cae sa r , An t ho n y ,
or B ru t u s .
94 TH E WO R L D A S TH E A TR E .

It i s e vi de n t fro m t he fi ft e e n th S o n n e t t he a u t ho r of t he pla y s

too k t hi s v i e w se ri o u sl y a nd p ro fo u n dl y
Wh e n I c o n si de r e v er y t hi n g t ha t g ro w s
H o lds i n p erf ec ti on b ut a li tt le m o m e nt,
Tha t thi s hu ge s ta ge p r esen te th n ou ght bu t shows
Whe reo n t he s ta rs i n se c re t i n fl u e n ce c o m m e n t .

S o n n e t XV .

Thi s c o m pa ri s o n O f t he w o rld t o
“
s ho w s or
“
pla s i s r e y
p ea t ed e x a ctl y by B a con : A n d t he re fo re Ve lle i u s t he Ep i c u rea n ,

nee de d n ot t h v
o a e a s k e d, w hy G o d s ho u ld ha ve a do rn e d t he
He a v en s wi t h s t a rs , a s i f he ha d b e e n a n fE di li s : on e tha t shou ld

ha ve s et f orth some m a g nifi cen t shows or l

p a ys
”
(
“
Ad v a n c e m en t Of

L e a rn i n g, B k II p 1 62 W i ght )
”
oo .
,
.
,
r .

Th i d ti fi ti fN t “
wi t h t h h f G d Th t
’
e en ca on ot a u re e c a ra c e r o o s ea re

i v y t i ki g i t hi p
s er s r gn d I t hi k i t m t
n s ti l t a s sa e, a n n os e s se n a o

p i
o n t t B
ou id ,
tifi s N t
a con wi th A t w en fi d i th e a u re r ,
a s e re n n e

Wi t n T l
er s
’
I ll d t t hi b
a e .
”
If l i
a db y d
u e o s e ca u s e ee c on v n c e e on

d bt i m y w m i d B
ou n o l k d p n t h wh l w n ld,
a c on oo e u on e o e or a s a

t
n a u ra l th t d thea f re , it i j t a n li k ly w h h e r e o re s us a s e en e u se s

th w e d or Nt s
“
I t p t ti f N t
a u re h i
or ll di g n er re a on o a u re e s a u n

t t h 1 6 2 3 F li
o e t l ot H lm t lw y w i t
o a s o rea f na ur e . e a os a a s r es o

pu b l i li
c f t g
—
e a s a F i t i f y s aM j ty d
e t y t i “
m rs ,
o ur a es o a a n e

t hi k i t fi t f
n y ff i tor m pl y m g i p bli ly p
ou r a a rs o e o e a a n u c u on

the sta ge, &c . M e m o ri a l of A c c e ss t o Ki n g J a me s, No v . 1 3,

1 62 2 )
w a lki n g sh a do w , a p o o r pl a y e r
’
L i fe s bu t a

Th a t stru ts a n d fre t s h i s h o u r u po n t h e s ta ge

An d t he n i s h e a rd n o m o re i t i s a ta l e
T o l d b y a n i di o t , fu ll o f so un d a n d fu ry ,
S i gn i fy i n g n o t hi n g .

M a c b e th , a ct v . se .

“
Ne i t her ca n a ny ma n ma rv e l a t t he pla y of u e t
p pp s, tha t

(B o o k I
”
goeth behi nd the c u rta in, a nd a f the
dviseth well o mo tion .

p 6 7 ,
A d a n c em e n t v o f L ea rn i n g
”
Wight ) ,
.

T hi s i s t he r e m a r k of a ma n w ho ha d t ho ro u ghl y sift e d

a n d se e n t hro u gh t he c l o t he s p hi l o so p h y ,
a nd pe n e t ra t e d t o t he
 TH E WOR L D A S T H E A TR E .
95

se c re t m otiv es of t he hu m a n bre a st . It i s t he i ro n i c a l su m m i n
g
u
p of on e w ho ha d a na t om iz e d Soci et y ,
a nd w ho fo u n d i t pu ll e d
b y t he m e c ha n i ca l w ir e s o f c u st o m a n d sel fi shn e ss . T he w ho l e
of t he pla y s, p a r t i c u a rl y th
pi e c e s w hi c h w e l e a rn by he a rt ,
l o se

a re
pr e gn a n t w i t h u st t hi s e x t ra o rdi n a r j
s i de
pi e rc i n g si ght , y -

y
w hi c h la s ba r e t he n a kedn ess of the m i n d, a n d t he v a st diffe r e n c e

be tw e e n re a li t y a nd a pp e a ra n ce . The i m p o rt a n c e of t hi s j
su b e c t

ca n n ot be o v e r e st i m a
-
t e d w he n we re fl ect ho w la rg e l y Et hi cs

re v lv
o ep o n t he c o rre sp o n de n c e o f a pp e a ra n c e t o
u r ea li t y — t h a t

i s, o f the ou twa rd ma n to the i n wa rd ma n a c on

gi B v es u s a t ou ch

of hi s m i n d w he n he w ri t e s u po n t he Wi ll a n d t he Un dersta ndi n g

(i n t he Fi ft h B k oo D e Au gm e n t i s T ha t t hi s J a nus

i s b ifr o n t e d, a nd t ur n s fa c e s F or t he fa
. ce t o w a r ds r e a so n ha t h
t he pri n t o f t ru t h, b u t t he fa ce t o w a r ds a c ti on b a t h t h e p ri n t of

g o o dn e s s , w hi c h ne v e rt he l e ss a r e fa ces
(oh . i .
, B koo

In t hi s c a se he se e m s t o be a llu di n g t o hi s own A rt . F o r he

pl a ces I ma gi n a ti on (i de n t i fi e d e v ywh
er ere wi t h po e tr y) a s t he

c om m on a ttorn ey or n u n ci us b e t w e e n t he Will (A c t i o n or e xt e rn a l)
a nd t he U n de rsta n di n
g ( g
L o i c or ra t i o n a li sm of t he pla y s
) .

T he yh a ve
fa ces ,
y
b u t o n l i n a pp e a ra n ce . H e w ri t e s : Tr u t h
”
a nd t he
a nd
go o dn e ss di ffe r b u t a s t he s e a l sta mp .

Yo u r li fe i s n o t hi n g bu t a c on tin u a l a cti n g o n the sta ge

(
“
Ma s kf or

Th e w i de a nd uni v ersa l thea tr e

Pre se n t s m o re w o e fu l p a g e a n t s tha n t he sc e n e

Wh ere i n w e pl a y .

As yo u li k e i t , a ct ii . so .

Thi s i s e v i de n c e t ha t t he w r i t e r of the p la ys r e ga rde d t he w o rld

a s a thea tre .

“
G o d se n ds m e n i n t o t hi s wr e t c he d thea tre, w he re b e i n g a rri v e d,

t he i r fi r st la n
g ua
g e i s t ha t of m ou rn in g
”
(Ba c o n ) .

Wh e n we a re b orn w e c ry th a t w e a re c o m e

T o t hi s gre a t s ta ge of fo o l s .

L e a r, a ct iv . so .

In t he m e a n tim e I t hi n k my s e lf, ho w s o e v er i t ha t h pl e a se d
God o t he r w i se t o bl e ss m e , a m o st u n fo r t u n a te m a n , t o b e de
96 M US I C O F T H E S P H E R E S .

p ri v e d o f t w o , a grea t n um ber in t ru e fri e n ds hi p, of t ho se

frie n ds, w ho m I a c c o u n t e d a s no sta ge frien ds ,
but p ri va te fri ends ,

&c .
”
(
“
L e tt e r t o T o b yM a t t he w ,
”

M US I C O F T HE S P H E RES .

Si P la t o n i s et Ca rda ni O
p i n i o n i bu s fide m a li qu a m a dhibea m u s ,
O p t i ma ha rm o n i a ex phaeras ru m c o n lo m e ra t i o n e
g g e n e ra t u r, qu es
a u ribu s n o s t ri s p p
r o t e r di s t n t i ee m a gn i t u di n e m i i n on
a
p e rc p
p o t e st
”
( ch . vi .
“
De Na t ur es Arca n i s T ra c ta t u s Apo L, 1 6 1 7 ,
”

“
R . F lu dd) . If w e pla c e a n
y b e li e f i n t he O pi n i o n s o f P la t o
a nd Ca rda n, a di v i n e ha rm o n y i s ge n e ra t e d fro m t he in te r c o u rse
of t he sphe r e s , w hi c h w e ca n n o t hea r on a c coun t of t he t n e ss
grea
of t he di sta nce .
”
Ho w e xa c tl y t hi s i dea is re pe a te d i n t he
”
M e rc ha n t of Ve n i c e .

l les t o rb whi c h t h o u be ho ld s t
’ ’
T h e re s n ot t he sm a

Bu t i n h i s m o t i o n l i k e a n a n ge l s i n gs ,
S t i l l qu iri n g to t he y o u n g e y ed c h e ru b i ms
S u c h ha rm on y i s i n i m m o rt a l s o ul s
B u t w hi l s t t h i s m u ddy e st u re o f de ca v y
Do t h g ro ssl y c l o t h e i t i n , we ca n n o t hea r it .

(Ac t v . so .

The na m es o f so u n ds in ll pro ba bili t w e re de ri

a y v ed fro m
t he sev e n st a rs , w hi c h m o v e c i rc u la rl i n t he hea y v e n s, a nd

c o m pa ss t he e a rt h
”
( Ni“
com Ha rm .
,
c .
“
T he c i rc u m

a
g i ta tion of t he s e b o di e s m u st of n e c e s si t y ca us e a sou n d
”

(M a c ro b i u s i n So m n . ii .
p . y
P t ha go ra s fi rs t

of a ll t he G re e k s c o n c ei v ed i n hi s m i n d, a n d u n de rs to od t ha t

t he sph e re s s o u n de d s o m e t hi n g c o n c o rda n t , b e ca u se of t he

n e c e s si t y of p r o p o rt i o n , w hi c h ne v er fo r sa k es c oel e st i a l b e i n gs
”

(Ma c r o bi u s ) .
“
T ho se so u n ds w hi c h t he se v en Pla n e ts a nd

t he sphe re Of fi x ed sta rs, a n d t ha t w hi c h i s a bo v e us , t e rm e d

b y t he m A n ti chthon m a k y
P t ha go ra s a ffi rm e d t o b e t he n in e
e,

M use s : bu t t he c o m po si t i o n a n d s m pho n , a n d, a s i t w e re ,y y
c o n n e xi o n o f t he m ll, w he re o f a s bei n g e t e rn a l a n d u n be o t t n,
a g e

ea c h is a p a rt a n d
p o rt i o n , he n a m e d M n e m o s y ne
”
P o rphyr y ,
”

p .
“ y
P t ha go ra s, by m u si ca l pro po rt i o n , ca ll e t h t ha t a to n e
 M US I C O F TH E S P H E R E S .
97

b y ho w m u c h t he m o o n i s di st a n t fro m t he e a rt h, &c .
(vide
P li n y ,
”
1 ii
. . c .

“
C o n t i n u i n g t he pa ssa fro m Flu dd :
e C um t a m s u a b e ffe c t u
g ,

in hi s i n fe ri o ri bu s n on m o do hu j u s m u si c as c o n so n a n t i se s m
y
p ho n i a c ee c o gn o s c a n t u r , se d e t i a m di sso n a n t i ae 11 a m ill ae a m o re m ,
s
y m pho n i a m , et a pp e t e n t ia m a m a bil e m in r e bu s e x c i ta n t , hae
”
o di u m ,
di s c o rdi a m , et ex i tia le m c on t em
p m
t u . T hi s i s t he
do c t ri n e P t ha go ra s, i e ,
of y The P t ha go r e a n s de n e m u si c a s
. .
“
y fi
a n a
p t c o m p o si t i o n o f c o n t ra ri e s, a n d a n u n i o n o f m a n , a n d c o n y
s e n t o i di ffe r e n t s It s e n d i s t o u n i t e , a n d a pt l
. c o n oi n G od y j .

i s t he r e c o n c i le r o f t hi n gs di sc o r da n t, a nd t hi s i s hi s c hi e f w or k
a c c o rdi n
g to m u si c a nd m e di c i n e to r e c o n c i le enm ities . In
m u si c c o n si st s t he a
g re e m e n t o f a ll t hi n g s, a n d a ri st o c ra c y of t he
uni v e rse for wha t i s ha rmo n y i n the world i n the , c i ty i s good govern
m en t, i n a fa m i ly temp era n ce The o n S m yr . . c .

T hi s i s e n dl e ssl y re
p e a t e d i n t he pla y s

M u si c do Ih ea r ?
Ha Ha k e ep t i m e ho w sou r s w e e t m u si c i s ,
Wh e n t i m e i s b ro k e a nd no pro p o rt i on k e pt
’
S o i s i t i n the m u s i c of m en s l i ves .

v I
A n d h e re h a e t h e da i n t i n e ss of ea r

di so rde r d st ri n g
’
To ch e c k t i m e b ro k e i n a

B u t f or the c on c or d o f my s ta te a nd ti m e
Ha d n o t a n ea r to he a r m y tru e ti m e broke .

“
( Ri c ha rd II .
, a ct v . so .

B a c on e vi d e n tl yb e li e v ed i n t h e m u si c of t he Sp he r e s . In hi s
Pa ra bl e of t he Un iv e rse , a c c o r di n g t o t he fa ble of Pa n, h e w ri t e s
The t w o e n gi n e s w hi c h Pa n b e a rs i n hi s ha n ds, do p o i n t t he
on e a t H a rm o n y ,
t he o t he r a t Em p i r e ; fo r t he i
p p e o f se v e n
r e e ds do t h e v i de n t l ydm e o n st ra t e t he c o n se n t a n d ha rmon y ; or

di scorda nt f Na tu re
co n cord o ,
whi ch i s ca u sed by the m oti on of the

seven wa n deri n g sta rs

” “
( De A u gm e n t i s,
”
c ha
p . xi ii . B k oo

“
E x a m i n e m u s di l i g en t er fa b u l a s p o et a ru m e t i n g e n t i a a rc a n a su b u s
i n ven i em u s C u r P a n (p e r qu e m u n i ersa n a t u ra s i gn i fic a t u r ) ea : sep tem
. v
s yri n gi bu s s eu ca l a m i s fl s tu l a m c o mp osa i t, p e r qu a m h a rm o n i a m du l c em
qu i a s pi ri t u s i n t e ll e c t u a li s , qu i m ov e t cce l os , f a c i t m u si ca m corr e
e di di t , n i s i

sp o nd en tem i n hi s i nf er i or i bu s Na m p er c om p osi ti on é ea: sep tem fls tu li s

.

G
98 M US I C O F T H E S P H E R E S .

C o m pa r e “
M i dsu m m e r Ni ght
’
s D rea m ,

H o w sha ll w e fi n d t h e c on c ord o f thi s dis c a rd 1?

(Ac t v . so .

C o m pa re Fi rst P a r t Ki n g H e n r y IV .
(
a ct i . se . 2)

F or w e t h a t ta k e pu rse s , g o by t h e m o o n a n d se v e n s ta rs .

’
Thi s m u si c of t he Sphe r e s, w hi c h i s t o b e r e fo u n d i n Ci c e ro s

“ ”
Vi si o n of S c i pi o , i s a n esp e ci a l j
su b ec t o f the Rosi cruc ia ns . SO m u ch
i s t hi s the c a se , t ha t S pe ddi n g, i n a fo o t n o t e t o t h e a bo v e pa ssa
ge
cit e d fro m B a c on , a dds — “
F o r dr e a m s a b o u t t he m u s i c o f t he

Sp he re s, se e Ro b e rt F lu dd s w o r
’
k Utri usqu e Cosmi m aj oris sci li ce t

et m i no ri s, me ta p hysi ca p hysi ca c l te chn i ca Hi stor i a , 1 61 7

,
The
t hi rd b o o k o f t he fi rst t ra c t i s w ho ll De Mu si cd m u n da na , y a nd is
illu s tra t e d by a n e n gra i n g o f a ba ss v Vi o l, o f w hi c h t he di m e n si o n s

x
e t e n d t hr o u h t he so la r s s t e m
g
”
y .

“
In ‘
An t on y a n d C l e o pa t ra ,
’
Cle o pa t ra ,
b e w a i li n g An t o n y ’
s

de a t h, c o m p a re s hi s v oi c e t o t he
‘
t u n ed sphe re s
’

(a c t v . se .

a nd in T w e lft h Ni ght ’
v
O li i a p a s t he sa m e c o m pli m e n t to t hey
p a ge i n di sgu i s e , w i t h w ho m s he i s i n l o e P e ri c le s, pri n c e o f v .

T y re , i n hi s e c s ta s y a t fi n di n g hi s da u ght e r M a r i n a , su dde n l y
he a rs s o u n ds O f m u si c u n he a r d by t he o t he rs, w hi c h he ca lls t he
m u si c Of t he sp h e re s
”
(P a ul S t a pfe r, “
Sha k e s p e a re a nd Cla s si ca l
An ti q i ty
u ,
”
p .

ti o or bi u m p l a ne ta ru m m i ra bi li ip s or u m ha
s i gn ifi ca tu r c o n g rega sep tem et r

m o n ia in c oe l o et i n terri s , h o c e s t , u b i c u n qu e na tura i lla uni v e rsa l is se

e xt e n di t (Tra c t a t u s A po l .
, Pa rs iii .
,
De O c c u l t i s e t a dm i ra n di s M u s i c a s a rca na

e fle c t i bu s, p
'

. 1 7 8, 1 61 7 Ro b e rt Fl u dd ) .
 CHAP T ER V .

’ “
B AC O N S G E O RG I C S O F TH E M IND .

B u t to sp ea k the tru th , the best D oc tors of thi s kn owledge a r e the P oets , a n d

wr i ters of H i stor i es , wh ere w e m
a y fi n d pa i n t e d a n d di s s e c t e d t o t h e l i fe , h o w

up a nd k i n dl e d, h o w
’
a ffe c t i on s a re t o b e st irr e d st i l l d a n d la i d a sl e e p ; ho w
d t h a t t h e y b re a k (Bo o k VII
’
ga i n c o n t a i n d a n d re fra i n
’
a n ot fo rth i n t o a ct

D e Au gm e n t is

An o t h e r p a ra b l e pu t H e fort h u n t o t h e m , sa yi n g , Th e k i n gdo m o f h e a e n v
is li ke n e d u n t o a m a n w h i c h sow e d g o o d s e e d i n h i s fi eld ; b u t Wh il e m en
s l e pt , hi s en em y ca me a n d so w e d ta r es a m o n g t h e wh e a t ,
d we n t hi s w a y a n .

B u t wh e n t h e b l a de w a s s pru n g u p, a n d b ro u gh t fo rt h fr’u i t , t h e n a pp e a re d
t h e t a re s a l so . v
S O t h e se r a n t s o f t h e h ou s e h o l der ca m e a n d s a i d u n t o hi m ,
Si r , di dst n o t t h ou s o w g o o d s e e d i n t h y fi e l d ? fro m wh e n c e t h e n h a t h i t
t a re s ? H e sa i d u n t o t h e m , A n e n e m y h a t h don e t hi s T h e se r a n t s sa i d . v
u n to him , Wi l t
t h o u t h e n t ha t w e g o a n d ga t h er t h e m u p ? B u t h e sa id,
Na y ; l e st w hi l e y e ga t h er u p t h e t a re s, y e roo t u p a l so t h e wh e a t w i th
t h em v
L e t b o t h gro w t o g e t h er u n t il t h e h a r e st : a n d i n t h e t i m e O f h a r e s t
. v
I will sa y t o t h e re a pers , G a t h er y e t og e t h e r fi rst t h e t a re s , a n d bi d th m i n
n e

b u n dl e s t o b ur n t h e m : b u t ga t h e r t h e w h e a t i n t o m y b a rn (M t th w xi i i
a e .

24

An d t h e re fore , i d e l e g a n t l y, Tha t v i r tu e , if she c ou ld be seen ,

a s Pl a t o sa

w ou ld m ove grea t l ove a n d a fi ec ti o n ; so se e i n g t h a t sh e c a n n o t he s h ow e d t o

x
t h e s e n se b y c orpo ra l sh a p e , t h e n e t deg re e i s to show her to the i m a gi n a ti o n
i n l i ve ly r ep r es e n ta ti o n: fo r t o sh o w h er t o re a s o n on l y in su b t i l t y o f a rgu

m en t wa s a t hi n g e v der eride d i n C h ry s i p pu s a nd ma n y of t he S t o i c s, w ho
t h ou gh t t o t hru st vi t r ue u pon m e n by s h a rp di spu ta t i o n s a n d c o n c l u si o n s ,

w hi c h h a v e no s ym pa t hy w i t h th e w i l l of ma n
” “
( Ad v a n c em en t of Lea rn
”
i n g, ii .

No s do c e t a p o st o l a d m y st e rn p e rfe c t i o n e m
s a v e l su b Agri co l ae , v e l a rc hi
”—
t e c t i t yp o p e rt i n g e re . RO B E RT DD FLU .

e i t he r t o herbs
’
A M AN S na t u re ru n s or weeds ; t he re fo r e l e t

hi m sea son a bl y w a t er t he on e, a nd de st ro y t he o t he r
”
(
“
Of
Na t u re in
 B A C O IV S G E O R G I C S O F TH E M I ND
’
I OO .

I a go Vi rtu e a fig
. t i s i n o u rse l e s t ha t w e a re t hus o r t hu s
’
Ou r b o di es v .

a re o u r
ga rde n s , t o t h e w hi c h ou r w i l ls a r e ga rden er s : so t ha t i f w e w ill
pl a n t n e t t l e s, or s o w l e t t uc e , s e t hy ss o p a n d w e e d u p t h ym e , su ppl y i t wi t h
o n e ge n de r o f her bs, o r dis tra c t i t w i t h m a n y , e i t h e r t o h a e i t s t e ril e wi t h v
i dl e n e ss , o r m a n ur e d wi t h i n du st ry , w hy , t h e po w e r a n d c o r ri gi bl e a u th o ri t y
"
o f t hi s l i e s i n o u r wi ll s O t h e ll o , a c t i s e
. . .

In sc e n e 1 1 . a ct 5 , O t he llo e x c la i m s t o De sde m o n a
Oh t h ou we ed
W ho a rt s o lo v e l y fa i r, a n d sm e l l s t s o sw e e t ,
’

T ha t t h e se n s e a c h e s a t t he e .

’
Oh fi e , fi e , t i s a n u n w eeded ga r den ,
Tha t gro w s t o se e d t h i n gs ra n k a n d gro s s i n na t u re
Po ssess i t m e re l y .

Ha m l e t a c t 1 . s o. 2
He
’
s a ra n k wee d, Si r Th o m a s ,
A n d w e m u st ro o t hi m ou t .

“
( Ki n g H en ry V III .
,
a ct v . se .

T he re ca n be v er y li tt l e do u b t B a c on ha s c ho s e n t hi s si m i le of

We e ds ”
to e x pr e ss Hu m a n Na t u re in a sta te of ba c kw a r dn e ss

a n d vi c e . In t he “
D e A u gm e n t i s he ca lls p o e t r a lu xu ri a n t
”
y
weed, a nd p ra in a y er
(
“
Re su s c i ta t i o , p 1 7 ,
1 6 7 1 ) wr i t e s . I
ha ve (t ho u gh i n a desp ised weed) pro c u re d t he g o od o f a ll m e n .

As fo r p o e s (w he t he r w e y p ea s k
o f fa bl e s o r m e t re , i t i s, a s w e

ha v e sa id b e fo re , a s a L uxu ri a n t Herb r (weed 7) bro u ght fo rt h

’

w i t ho u t se e d, a n d spri n g s u p fro m t he s t re n gt h a n d ra n kn ess of

t he so i l
”
(p 264.
,
B k VI oo .
,
“
Adv a n c em e n t o f No t e
“ ” ” “
t he c o u p li n g O f t he w o rds ra n k we ed, u n wee ded ga rden , thi n gs

ra n k
”
(i n t he q u ota t i o n s fro m t he pla y s
) , po e s yb ein g a p la nt

c om i n
g, a s i t w e re , fr o m t he lu st of a ra n k soi l
”
(p 1 09 .
,
B k II
oo .
,

Ad v a n c em e n t o f L e a rn i n g
A ll fl e sh
”
i s gra ss i s n o t o n l m e t a pho ri c a ll bu t li t e ra ll y y y
t ru e fo r a ll t ho s e c re a t u r e s w e b e ho ld a re bu t t he he rb s o f t he
fi e ld di ge st e d i n t o fl e sh i n t he m , or m o re re m o t e l y ca rn i fi e d in
o u rs e l v es (
“
Re li gi o M e di c i , B ro w n e ,

I g i t hi p g
a o nt th mp l t l i b ty of th wi ll
s a ssa e a sser s e co e e er e ,
a nd t h is m a k es
hi v i ll i y vi ll i “
s m h th m
a n so d d t t bl
uc B e o re a n ou s a n e es a e. a con wr i t es Fo r
t h p i t y f I ll m i
e ur ti d t h Li b t y
o f Wi ll b g
u na on a n e er o e a n t o g e t h e r, f e ll
(F i ft h B k
” ”
t g th
o e er D A gm t i h p oo e u en s, c a .

L x i
,
”
t
‘
h bu D A gm t i
ur a ns H b i L
er a e u en s, er a n a ti n m e a ns m ed
as w e ll a s H e rb —l a so
“
the bla de o f a n y c orn (Ai n sw o rt h s La
’
ti n Di c ti on a ry) ,
 B A C OIV S G E O R GI C S OF T H E M I ND
’
.

T he on l y light w e ca n t hr o w u
p o n t hi s i s t he su g
ge st i o n , B a c on s
’

“
u
p p o se
r wa s e t hi c a l i n st ru c t i o n for Z the good f
o a ll me n ; hi s
t he a t r e ha s t he a im of ho l di n g up t he vic e s a n d s si o n s of m en
pa
to sc o rn , a s a wa rn i n a nd a s a m ea o f e ra di c a t i n g t he t a r e s
g ns .

H e wr i t e s of
pa ssi o n En v t he “
y ” “
The e n v i ou s ma n tha t
sowe th ta res a mon gst the whe a t b n i ht A n d w e ha r e se n t e d
y g . ve p
t o u s t he p o rt ra i t O f L e a r

’
Cro w n d w i t h r a n k f u m i tor , a n d f u r r o w w eeds ,
Wi t h bu r do c k s, h e m l o c k , n e tt l e s, c u c k o o fl o w e rs,
-

*
Da rn e l , a nd a ll the id le w eeds tha t gr ow
I n ou r s us ta ining c or n .

(Ac t i v . se .

Why ha ve t h e se e sp e c i a l w e e ds, fou n d e v er i n t he c o rn , be en

se l e c t e d ? Ih ope i t wi ll n ot b e de e m e d i m p e rt i n e n c e t o su gg e s t

w ha t i s p ossi bly i n t e n de d by t hi s
’
a w fu l p i c t u r e 1 L e a r s m a dn e ss
i s t he r es u l t o f t he wi c k e dn e ss of hi s da g h t u
e r sp H e m a y h a e v
b e e n g e n e r o u s, c r e du l o u s, w e a , a k n d s i m l e , b u t , li e O t h e ll o , he
p k
“ ”
wa s gre a t o f h e a rt , a n d hi s m i s e r yi s t he r e su lt of i n gra t i t u de
—
t he i n hu m a n it y of hi s o wn fl e sh a n d blo o d . He i s c row n e d

wi t h t he t a re s a n d w i t h t he w e e ds of de ge n e ra t e na tu re , a nd li ke
some ru i n ed a n d a ba n don ed p i ece of grou n d, i s a n e m bl e m o f w ha t
n e gl e c t b
y o t he r s c a n pr o du c e H e c a rri e s o n hi s sho u l de rs a n d
.

o n hi s h e a d t h e b u r t he n a n d c r o w n o f a ru i n e d n a t u re , n e l e c t e d,
g
ca s t o u t , a n d i s t he m o st t e rri ble pi c t ur e o f w ha t i n hu m a n i t y a nd

en vy ca n e ffe c t i n t hi s w o rld o r i n li t e ra t ur e ! Na t u r e a lo n e
sym p a t hi se s w i t h hi m — t he s t o rm , t he li ght n i n g, t he ra ge , a re

There ca n be v er y h a d i n h i s m i n d the P a ra ble of the

li t t l e dou b t B a c on

T a r es (M a t t . x
i ii 2 4 30) i n t hi s p ort ra i t o f L e a r c ro w n e d wi th w e e ds t h a t
.
-

g r o w i n c o rn T h.e pl a n t re rese n t a t i e o f t a res i s

p D v
a rn el ro m t h e a o . F
c o u n t s O i m o de rn e n qu i r ers c o m p e t e n t t o fo rm a n o pi n i o n o n t hi s p o i n t , t h e

re fe re n c e i s (i n t h e Bib l i c a l P a ra b l e O f t h e T a re s ) t o a ki n d o f w e e d or p o i so n

o u s gra ss c a ll e d da rn e l (L o li u m tem u len tu m ) , whi c h i s i n a l l re spe c t s so lik e

t h e w h e a t t h a t b e fo re i t c o m e s i n t o e a r i t i s h a rdl y p o ssi b l e t o o b se r e a n y
” ”
v
di st in c t i o n b e tw e e n t h e t w o pl a n ts Pi c t u re L e sso n s , by Pe t er Gra n t ,
p .

In t e rqu e n i t e n t i a c u l t a
In fe li x L o li u rn e t st eri l e s do m i n a n t u r a v en ee .

(Vi rgi l s
’
i rst G e org i eF .
 G E O R G I C S O F TH E M I ND
’
1 02 B A C OIVS .

re fl e c t ed i n hi m se lf a nd i n hi s hea rt . We a re n o t O n l yg a rde n ers

for ou rse lves, bu t a li k e ga rde ners to a nd for others . T he w o rds

du t y , c ha ri t y ,
t e m pe ra n ce, i n c ul c a t e t hi s . Fo r we do n ot

st a n d a lo n e , a nd we ca n ha rdl ym v o e i n t hi s life wi t ho u t e i t he r
’
n ou r s i hi n g ta re s in o t he rs , o r he lp i n g t o e ra di ca t e t he m . A ma n s

life w i ll ge n e ra ll yy
i e ld o n r e t ro sp e c t i o n t he di sm a l re c o rd, t ha t

he m i ght ha e b e e n b e t t e r—if othe rs ha d been be tte r

v .

The i n c u l ca t i o n of t he n e c e ssi t y fo r o c c u pa tio n a nd wor k to

e sca pe e vi l i s m o st pro m i n e n t i n t he pla y s

We b ri n g fo rt h we eds ,
W he n our qu i c k m i n ds l i e s t ill .

An t h o n y a nd Cle o pa t ra , a ct i . se .

S t ill b e t te r i s e vil a n d i t s p o i so n o u s e ffe c t s pa i n t e d i n t he se

li n e s
H ere i s yo u r hus ba n d li ke a m i ldew d
’
ea r

B la s ti n g h i s w h o l es o m e b ro t h er .
’

(Ac t i ii . sc .

In t hi s i m a ge w e ha v e t he corn a n d t he ta res a
g i n
a su gge s t e d .

Co n fes s y o u rse lf t o h ea ven

Re pe n t W h a t s pa s t a
’
v i d wh
o a t is t o c om e

A n d do n o t sp r ea d the co mp os t on the weeds

T o m a ke the m r a n ker .

“
( Ha m le t , a ct i ii . se .

In t he fo llo wi n g li n e s w e ha ve i dle n e ss a n d sl o t h c o m pa r e d t o

a. fa t w e e d

An d du ll e r sho u ld s t t hou be t ha n t he f a t w eed,

’

Tha t ro t s i ts elf i n ea se o n Le t h e Wh a rf,

Wo ul d s t ’
t h ou n o t st i r i n t his .

“
( H a m le t , set i . se .

LX IX .

Those pa rt s o f t h ee t h a t t he w orld s e ye do t h i e w
'
v
Wa n t n ot hi n g t ha t t he t ho u gh t o f h ea rt s ca n m e n d
v
A ll t o n gu es , t he o i ce o f so u ls , g i e t h ee t ha t du e , v
v
U t te ri n g ba re t ru t h, e e n so a s foes c o m m e n d .

Thy o u tw a rd t hu s wi t h o u t w a rd pra is e is c ro w n d
'

Bu t t h o se sa m e to n gu es t ha t gi e t h e e s o t hi n e O w n v
In o t h e r a c c e n ts do t hi s pra i se c o n fo u n d
By se e in g fa rt her t ha n t he e ye ha t h s ho wn .
 BA CO N S ’
G E O R G I GS O R T H E M I ND .

Th e y l o o k i n t o t h e b e a u t y o f t h y m i n d,
A n d t h a t , i n gu e ss, t h e y m e a su re b y t h y de e ds
T h e n , c h u rl s , t h e i r t h o u gh t s, a l t h o u gh t h e i r e y es w e re k i n d,
T o thy f a i r flo wer a dd the ra n k sm e l l of w eeds
B u t w hy t h y O dour m a t c h e t h n o t t h y sh o w ,
Th e so l v e i s t h i s, t h a t t h ou do s t c om m on gro w .

It i s e vi d en t fro m t hi s S o n n e t t he a u t ho r he ld “
cu ltu re of
the m i n d
”
n ot on l yi n hi gh e st i m a t i o n , b u t t h e i m a ge r y of flowers
for vi rtue s a n d weeds f or vi ces i s pro m i n e n t fro m fi r st t o la st i n t h e

q u o ta ti on s
“

a ddu c e d . The w o rld a ba n do n e d t o e vi l a n d wic k ed

“
n e ss is a n u n weeded ga rden , thi n gs ra n k a nd .

gross p ossess it
”
merely . Ou r bodi es a re ou r ga rden s, to the whi ch ou r wi lls a re

ga rden ers . No w it is v y er s t ri ki n
g
—
p e rha ps st a r t li n g fo r
sc e t i
p cs Of t he B a c on ia n th y eor of t he Pla y s — t o fin d B a c on en ti
”
t li n g hi s Et hi c s, Georgi cs of the M i n d, w hi c h t i t l e he b o rro w s fro m
Vi rgi l s
’ “
Obse r v a ti on s u
po n H u sba n dr y .
” “
We w i ll t he r e fo r e

di v i de M ora l Phi lo so ph yi n to tw o m a in a nd pri n c i pa l n o w l e dg e s k

t he on e c o n c e rn i n g t he e x e m pl a r or i m a g e o f G o o d ; t h e o t he r
c o n c e rn i n g t he Re gi m e n t a nd Cu lt u r e of t he M i n d, w hi c h w e a re

won t t o ca l l t he G E O RG I CS O F THE M IND (p 3 35 ,. B k VII

oo .
,

“
Ad v a n ce m e n t o f L e a rn i n g,
”

In t he fo llo wi n g pa ssa gefro m t he p la o f Ri c ha rd t he T hi rd, y

w e fi n d t he y
o u n g Du e o f Yo r p r e s e n t e d, uk o t i n
g hi s wi c ed k q k
u n c le
I , qu o t h m y u n c le G l ou c e st er,
S m a ll her bs ha ve
gr a ce , gr e a t w ee ds do gr ow a p a ce .

An d s i n c e m e thi n k s I w o u ld n o t gr o w s o fa st ,
B e c a u se swe e t fl o w ers a re sl o w , a n d w e e ds m a k e h a st e .

I c o u ld ha v gi v
e en my u n cle s
’
G ra ce a flou t ,

T O tou c h hi s gr ow th
'
n ea r er tha n h e to uch t me .

“
( Ri c h a rd III .
, a c t. ii . so .

No w i s th e s pri n g , a n d w eeds a re sh a ll o w ro o t e d,

S u ffe r t h e m t h e y ll t h e g a rde n ,
’ ’
n o w, a n d o e rgr o w

A n d c h o k e t h e her bs for w a t of hu s b a dry

'

n n .

Ki n g H e n ry VI .
,
a ct i . so .

Co m pa re t he a bo v e with A ma n
’
s na t u re ru n s e i t he r t o herbs
or weeds,
”
a n d se e ho w t h e sa m e w o rds a r e e m pl o y ed in c o n t ex t
 B A C ON S G E O R G I C S O F TH E M I ND
’
1 04 .

he rbs we eds —i h bo t h q u o ta t i o n s o n e ,
fro m t he pha n to m

ca pt a i n Sha k e spea re — t he o t he r fro m Ba c o n

,
.

TWO su c h o ppo se d ki n gs e n ca m p t he m s t il l ,

I n ma n a s we ll a s he r bs, gra ce a n d r ude wi l l

A n d w h e re t h e w o rse r i s pre do m i n a n t ,
F u l l so o n t he ca n k e r do t h ea t up t ha t pla nt .

“
( Ro m e o a n d J ul i et, a c t 1 1 . so .

It i s re m a r a k ble ho w fo n d t he a u t ho r of t he l
p a y s is of

c o m pa ri n
g p la n ts a n d flowers wi t h hu m a n na t u re , a n d O f ca n k e rs

t o i llu st ra t e vi c e . It ca n n ot be ca ll e d a c a su a l m e ta p ho r b e ca u se

so o ft e n re p ea t ed

Pr o . Ye t wr i t e rs sa y , a s i n t he sw e e t e st b u d
Th e e a t i n g ca n k e r dw e lls , s o ea t in g l o e v
In h a b i t s i n t h e fi n es t w i t s o f a ll .

Va l A n d wri t e rs sa y , a s t h e m o s t fo rw a rd b u d
.

Is e a t e n by t h e c a n k e r e re i t bl o w ,
E v e n so by lo v
e the yo u n g a n d t e n der w i t
Is t ur u d t o fo ll y , b l a s t i n g i n t h e b u d,
’

v
L o si n g h i s e rdu re e e n i n t h e pri m e v
A n d a ll t h e fa i r e ffe c ts o f fu t u re h o p e s .

Two Ge n t le m e n of Ve ro n a ,
a ct i . s o.

Vi rt u e i t se l f sca p es n o t c a l u m n i o u s s tr o k e s
’

Th e ca n k e r ga ll s t h e i n fa n t s o f t h e s pri n g ,
T o o o ft b e fore t he ir bu t to n s b e di sc l o se d,
A n d i n t h e m o rn a n d l i qu i d de w o f y o u t h
C o n t a gi o u s b l a s t m e n ts a re m o st i m m i n e n t .

H a m le t , a ct i . so .

Tha t w e e ds a re a ppli e d a s a m e ta p ho r fo r vi ces is c e rta in

We ha v e s t ri c t s ta t u te s a nd m o st b i t i n g l a w s,
The n e e dfu l bits a nd cu rbs t o h ea ds tr o n g weeds .

“ ”
( M ea su re fo r M e a sure , a ct i . so .

Tw i c e t re bl e sh a m e on A n ge l o ,
T o weed m y vi ce a n d l e t h is gro w .

“
( M ea su re fo r M ea su re , a ct ii i . se .

This i s the i dea f husba ndry,

o o r se lf cu ltu re
-
a ppli e d t o t he ga rde n
of ou r b odi e s a n d m i n ds, a s G e o rgi c s . B a c o n wri t e s
, God
A lm i ghty first p la n ted a ga rde n ,
”
a nd t he re m a y b e i n t hi s r em a r k
so m e im pli e d t ho u ght Of M a n before the fa ll, of p u ri ty before si n

en te red the world, a nd the de vi l sowed the ta res o

f vice .
 B A C OIV S G E O R G I C S O F T H E M I ND
’
.

v
The pri m e a l c u rs e pr o n o u n c e d u p o n t he e a rt h i n c o n se u e n c e q
Thorn s a lso a n d thi stles sha ll i t bri n g forth to
’
o f m a n s si n , w a s

thee a nd w ha t t he e a rt h t he n b e c a m e i n a y
ph si ca l s e n s e , t ha t
t he s o ul o f ma n be ca m e i n a sp i ri t u a l— a w i lde r n e ss o f ra n a n d k
” “
n oxio u s t ho rn s, a nd w e m i ght a dd weeds ( P i c t u re L e s so n s,
b y P e t e r G ra nt
) .

“
T he fi e ld o n w hi c h t he go o d se e d is so w n by Chri st , i s t he
w o rld . In t he pa ra ble i t i s c a ll e d Hi s fi e ld ; a nd t he w o rl d i s

H i s, t ho u gh n o t by p ossessi on ye t by ri ght . M ea n whi le i t i s usu rp ed

by a r i va l p ower— even by the a rch sp i ri t of evi l —b u t w he n C hri st f

c om e s k
t o t a e p o sse ssi o n o f i t , H e c o m e s w ho se r i ght i t i s t o

rei
g n . T he ta res w hi c h w e r e so w n i n t hi s fi e ld a l o n g w i t h t he
thewi cked Ye
’
w he a t , a re the chi ldren o f on e . a re , sa i t h t he L o rd
of y our fa t he r t he de vi l a nd t he l u st s of y ou r fa t he r y e w i ll do .

B oth i n t he w o r ld a nd i n t he C hu r c h t he y a re k
li e da rne l, u n pro
fi t a bl e i n t he m s e l v e s, p o si t i v e l i n u r i o u s t o t he go o d s e e d by
a nd y j
t e m pt a t i o n a n d by p e rs e c u t i o n E e n t ho u gh t he m a y e n o . v y j y
fi
t he b e n e t o f t he sa m e so il, a n d su n shi n e , a n d sho w e rs, a s t he

g o o d p la n t s, t he a y re bu t a s noxi ous weeds i n t he fi e ld, w ho s e en d

” “
i s t o b e b u rn e d ( P i c t u r e L e s so n s , p . 32, Pa ra bl e of t he
Ta re s, P e t e r G ra nt
) .

He e n t ere d i n t o du e c o n si de ra t i o n h o w t o we ed ou t t h e pa rt a k e rs of th e
form er re b e ll i o n . H i s t o ry of Ki n g H e n ry VII .

We fin d B a c on i n hi s E ssa y s u si n
g t h e sa me s i m i le t o illu st ra t e
t he e x t i rpa tion of vi c e by la w .
“
Rev e n ge i s a ki n d of w i ld
j u st i c e , w hi c h, t he m o r e m a n s
’
na t u re ru n s t o , t he m o re o u ght
la w to weed i t ou t
”
O f Re v e n ge

An d i n t he fo llo w i n g pa s sa ge ,
“
P r ide is e xp re s se d a s

seeded
”
wi t h t he w o r ds “
ra n k,
” “
n u rsery, u se d by B a c on to
e xp r e ss Po e t r y .

Th e s e eded pri de
T h a t h a t h t o t hi s m a t u ri t y bl o w n up

In ra n k A c h i ll e s , m u st o r n o w b e c r o pt ,

T h e pl a y o f H a m l e t pre se n t s s t ro n g pa ra ll e ls t o t hi s pa ra bl e Pri n c e .

H a m l e t i s t h e ri ghtf u l hei r to a thr on e u s u rp ed by a ki n g who i s the i n ca rn a

t i on of evi l .
 G E O R G I C S O F TH E M I ND
’
1 06 B A C O IV S .

O r s he ddi n g b re e d a n wrsery of l ik e e vil

v
T o o e r b u lk u s a ll -
.

Tro il u s a nd Cr e ss i da , a ct i . se .

On e of t he “
A n t i t he t a in t he Si xt h B k oo of t he
“
De
A u gm e n t i s is e n t i t le d P ri de .
”
It i s t he se A n t i t he ta B a con

i n t ro du c e s w i t h t he pr e li m i n a r y w o rds t ha t t he y a re seeds, n o t

fl o w e rs .

“
Aflli c t i o n s onl ylv e el t ho s e mo le hi lls of p ride
-

. P lo ugh the
hea rt a nd ma ke i t fi t for wisdom to sow her seed, a n d for gra ce to
bri n g forth he r i n crea se . Ha pp y i s t ha t m a n, t he re fo re , b o t h i n
re
ga rd o f hea v ly
en a n d ea r t hl y wi sdo m ,
t ha t i s t hu s w o u n de d t o
be c ur e d ; t hu s bro k en t o b e m a de st ra i ght ; t hu s m a de a c q ua in te d
” “
w ith hi s o wn i m p e rfe c t i o n s t o b e m a de s t ra ight ( L e t te r
lx x t o L o r d C hi e f J u st i c e C o
. k e,
”
17
“
Ca st t he i r seeds i n t he m i n ds o f o t he r s
(
“
Ad v a n c em en t o f

Lea rn i n
g ,
B k oo

Why y o u r h e rb -
wom a n sh e t ha t s e t s seeds a n d roo ts o f sha me a nd i n i qu i ty .

”
Pe ri c l e s , a ct iv . sc .

Aft e r t he k n o w l e d e o f c ha ra c t e rs
g fo ll o w s t he k n o w l e dge o f

Afleeti on s a n d p a ssi ons, whi ch a re the di sea ses o f the m in d, a s ha t h

be e n sa id . Fo r a s t he a n c ie n t P o li t i q u es i n p o pu la r sta t e s w e r e
wo n t t o sa Th a t the p eop le were li ke the sea a nd the ora tors li ke the
y , ,

wi nds, b e ca u se a s t he s e a w o u ld o f i t se lf b e ca lm a nd q ui e t , i f t he
wi n ds di d n ot m ove a nd t r o u bl e i t , so t he p e o p l e of t he i r na t ur e

w o u ld b e p ea c ea bl e a nd t ra c ta b l e i f t he s e di t i ou s o ra t o rs did n ot

se t t he m i n w o r i n g k So i t m a y b e t ru l a ffi rm e d,
a nd a
gi t a t i on . y
t ha t ma n s m i n d, i n t he n a t u r e t he re o f, w o u ld b e t e m p e ra t e a n d
’

st a i d if t he a fi ec ti on s a s wi n ds di d no t p ut i t i n to tu m u l t a n d p ertur ba

(B k VII
“ ”
ti o n oo .
,
De Au gm e n t i s, T ra n s 1 640, p . .

Ho w t hi s i s a ppli e d i n t he pla s m a y b e se en in y a fe w
q u o ta ti on s

O h n o , m y drea m w a s l e n gt h e n ed a ft e r li fe
‘

Oh t he n b ega n the temp es t to m y so u l .

“
( Ri c ha rd III act . i . so .
 B A C ON S G E OR G I C S O F T H E M I ND
’
.

T hro w up t hi n e eye se e , s e e wha t s h o w ers a ri se ,

B lo w n w i th the w i n dy temp es t f
o m y hea r t.

3 H e n ry VI .
, a ct ii .

Bu t t hi s e ffu si o n o f su c h m a n l y dro ps,

T hi s sh o w er bl o wn up by temp est of the s ou l,
S t a rt l es m i n e e y es .

Kin g J ohn ,
a ct v . so .

B e l i k e for w a n t o f ra i n w hi c h I c ou l d w ell
B e t e e m t he m f r o m the temp es t of m y eyes .

“
( M i dsu m m e r s N i gh t
’ ’
s Dre a m , a ct i . so .

T he i de n t i fi ca ti on o f the m i crocosm f
o ma n s sou l
’
w i th the m a cro

coem o f Na tu re is v er y a pp a re n t t hro u gho u t t hi s w o n dr o u s a rt ,

y
b u t pa rt i c u la rl i n t he c a s e o f Ki n g L e a r , w he r e t he st o rm o u t ~

’
si de i s t h e de e p b a ss c o u n t e r o i n t t o t he t e m p e st i n L e a r s he a r t ,
p
fo rlo rn a s t he de s o la t e he a t h
’
o er w hi c h t he w i n d bl o w s . No t i c e
l so t ha t t he so u l i s de sc ri b e d m a la dy
’
a a ffe c t i o n of L ea r s a s a or

di sea se, w hi c h i s i n k e e pi n
g wi t h B a c on .

SCE N E IV . The hea th . B ef or e a h ov e l .

E nte r L E A R, KE N T, a n d F L OO .

Ken t H e re i s t h e p l a c e , m y l o rd
.
g o o d m y l ord, e n t er

T h e t yr a y ’
nn of th e o pen n i gh t s too ro u gh

Fo r na t u re t o e n du re .
[ S torm s ti ll .

L ea r. Le t m e a l o n e .

Ken t . G o o d m y l o rd, e n t e r h e re .

L ea r. Wilt b re a k m y h e a rt
Ken t . Ih a d ra t h e r b re a k m i n e o wn . G o o d m y l o rd, e n te r .

co n t e n t i o u s st o rm
’ ’
L ea r. Th o u t hi n k st t is m u c h t h a t t hi s
Ivd n a es u s t o t h e sk i n so
’
tis t o thee
Bu t w h e re t h e gr ea ter m a la dy i s fix d,
’

T h e l esse r i s s ca rc e fe l t Th ou l dst shu n a b ea r

’
. .

Bu t i f t hy fl i gh t l a y t o w a rd t h e ra g i n g s e a ,
’
Th o u ldst m e e t t h e b e a r i t h e m o u t h Wh e n t h e m i n d s fre e ,
’
.
’

T he b o dy s de li c a t e t h e t e m p e st i n m y m i n d
’

Do t h fro m m y se n se s t a k e a l l fe el i n g e l s e
Sa ve w h a t b e a t s t h ere .

Ki n g L ea r, a ct i ii . so .

I v e n tu re to su
gge st t he pla y of t he
“
T e m p e st b orro w s i t s
t i t le fro m t he a fl
i n i ty of its su bj ect m a t t e r t o t he c rea ti v e pow er

or so u l p o w e r o f t he p o e t a u t ho r, a s brea th, life, a i r, wi n d

in m oti on .A n d t he w o rd T e m p e st i s a lli e d t o t he w o rd
1 08 E A C ON S G E OR G I C S O F TH E M IND
’
.

So u l . Garl i c— t he so u l , i s de ri v ed by Pla t o Cra t yl 4 1 9 ) fr o m

l bw, w hi c h m ea ns to
“
ru sh on
”
or
“
a lo n g , a s of a m i ght y
ru shi n
g wi n d, a n d si gn i e s a lso t o st o rm , fi ra ge , a lso pa s si o n a n d
a ffe c t i o n i n i t s i n dre d fo rm s k
In L a t i n a . n imu s (t he s o u l ) i s t he
sea t o f a n g e r, w ra t h, the f ee li n gs . Ho w pp liaca b l e t o o n e w ho

ha s st i rre d t he e n t ir e b rea s t of ma n ! U p o n t he sa m e pa ge t he
i
p ece q u ote d fro m B a c on by us a lre a y
d i s fo u n d ; w e c o m e u po n
t hi s i n c o n t ext wi t h i t , a s a p re t t y di re c t hi n t .
“
S O , li k e wi se ,

I fin d som e e l e ga n t boo k s of so m e a fi ecti ons ,

as of a n ger, of

t e n de rn e ss o f c o u n t e na n c e , a n d so m e fe w o t he rs . Bu t t o s
pea k
t he t ru t h, the best docto rs f this knowledge a re the poets a n d wri te rs
o

o f histories, where we ma y find p a i n ted a n d dissec ted to the life ho w

ffe c tion s to be sti rred up a nd ki ndled, how sti ll d a nd la id a s leep

’
a a re

how a ga in con ta i n ed a n d re ra f i n ed tha t they brea k n ot forth i n to A c t I

(B o o k VII
“
.
,
Et hi c , De A u gm e n t i s, T ra ns . 1 6 4 0, p .

Why t hi s se n t e n c e e n ds with a n ot e of i n t e rro ga t i o n w e ca n n o t

e x pl a in , u n l e ss i t be t o i n vite us to a sk w ha t pa rt i c ula r po e t i s
po i n t e d a t !
We fi n d i n “
Ma cbet h t he sa m e t rea t m e n t o f si n a s a disea se,
a n i nfe ction
Ca n st t h ou n ot m i n i s te r t o a m i nd di sea s ed

Pl u c k fro m t h e m e m ory a ro o t e d so rro w :

Ra z e o u t t h e w ri t t e n t ro u bl e s o f t h e b ra i n .

(Ac t v . se .

A n d t he Do c t o r e x c la im s
I nf e c te d m i n ds
T o t h e ir dea f pil l o w s w ill di sc h a rg e t h e i r se c re ts .

a ct v . se .

T hi s i s a ll i n p e rfe c t k
e e p i n g w i t h w ha t a con w ri t e s B
Afi e ction s a n d p a ssi on s whi ch a re the dise a ses of the m i nd,
”
a lrea d y
q u o te d . Aga i n Fi rst , t he re fore , in t hi s a s in a ll t hi n gs
w hi c h a re p ra c t i ca l, w e o u ght to ca st u p o u r a c c o u n t , wha t is i n

ou r p ower a nd wha t n o t : fo r t he o n e m a y b e dea l t w i t h by w a y of

a l t e ra t i o n No w i n t he cu lture of the m i n d of ma n a nd the cur e

.
,
o f
the disea ses t here o f, t hr e e t hi n gs fa ll i n to c o n si de ra t io n : t he

di v e rse c ha ra c t e rs O f di spo si t i o n s, the a flectwns ,

a nd the reme dies
”
 B A C OIV S G E OR G I C S O F TH E M I ND
’
.

(
“
G e o rgi c s of t he Min d ,
or t he Cu lt u re of M o ra ls, B k oo VII , .

c ha
p .

In t he pla y s we re p e a t e dl y fi n d L o v e de sc ri b e d a s a n ia

fecti on
Doye t . If m y v ti
o b se r a on , w hi c h v er y s e ldo m li es,
By t h e h e a rt s
’
s t i ll h t i
r e or c di sc l o se d w i t h e y es ,

v
De c e i e m e n o t no w N v a a rre i s i nf ec ted .

P ri n cess . Wi t h w ha t ?
Doy e t Wi th t ha t whi c h w e l overs en t i t l e a f ec ted
. .

P r i n cess Y o u r rea so n ?
.

Doyet Why a ll hi s b e h a vi ou r di d m a k e t he m re t i re
.
,

T o the cou r t o f hi s ey e p eep i n g thr ou gh desi re .

v
L o e s La b o u r Lo s t ,
’
a c t 1 1 . so .

No w c o m pa r e t hi s by B a c on The r e b e n on e of t he a ffe c
t i o n s w hi c h ha ve been n oted to fa sci na te or bewitch, bu t love a nd

en vy . The yb oth ha v e v e he m e n t w i she s ; t he yf ra m e t he m s e l v e s

rea di l y
i n t o i m a gi n a t i o n s a n d su gge st i o n s ; a n d they come ea sily
i n to the eye es p e c i a ll y
u p o n t he pr e s e n c e O f t he Ob e c t s w hi c h j
a re t he p o i n t s t ha t c o n du c e t o fa sc i n a t io n
”
(
“
Of E n v y In
B a con s
’
Na t u ra l Hi st o ry he wr i t e s L u st c a u se t h a

fla gra n c y i n t he e y es
”
(Exp .
“
T he c a u se of b o t h t he s e
i s, for t ha t i n lu st t he ght si a nd t he t ou ch a re t he t hi n
gs
de sir e d, a nd therefore the Sp i ri ts resort to those p a rts whi ch a re most

fiected
e

f or bea u ty i s a wi tch
A ga i n st wh ose fa i t h m e l t e t h i n t o bl o o d
c h a rm s .

Th i s i s a n a c c i de n t o f h ou rl y pro o f .

Mu c h A do a b ou t N o t hi n g, a ct ii . so . 1 .

The a ffe c t i o n s (
no dou b t ) do m a k e t he Sp i ri t s m o r e p o w e rfu l
a n d a c tiv e a n d e sp e c ia ll y th o se a ffe c t i o n s whi ch dra w the Sp i ri ts

i n to the eyes : w hi c h a re t w o, Lo v e a nd En v y . A n d fa sc i n a tion

is e v er b y t he eye ( N “
a t u ra l H i st o r y ,
Ex 9 44 , C e n t
. .

M e t hi n k s I f l t hi ee s y o u t h s p e rfe c t i o n s
’

Wi t h a n i vi ib l
n s e a n d su b t l e s t e a l th ,
To c re e p in a t m in e e ye s .

Tw e lft h N i ght ,
a ct i . so .

B a c on t e rm s vi c e s a n d si n s di se a se s o f t he m i n d . In t he p la y s
”
w e fi n d t he e x p r e s si o n Infec tio n .
 B A C ON S G E O R G I C S O F T H E M I ND
’
.

A n ne . V o u c h sa fe de fi n e d i nf ec ti on of a ma n,

Fo r t he s e k n o wn e v il s b u t t o gi e m e lea v v e,

By c i rc u m s ta n c e t o c u rse , t hy c u rs e d se lf .

Ki n g Ri c ha rd III .
, ac t i . 80 .

Anne . O u t o f m y s i ght t h o u do st i nf e c t m y e y e s .

G lo u . T hi n e e y e s, sw e e t La dy , ha e i nf e c te d m i n e v .

(I b ).

” “
The u se o f t he e xp re ssi o n s
pu rge , p g i ur
n g, p gu r a t i o n,

a re v y er fre q u en t in t he p l a y s, a n d b e t ra y
fa m il i a ri t wi t h y
m e di c i n e . We re fi n d B a c on fr e q u e n tl y u si n g t he se w o rds in t he

sa me s e n se , v i z .
,
a s a ca tha rti c .

“
Ye t i n our j u dgm e n t it (A st ro l o
g y) sho u ld ra t he r b e p urged

t ha n c le a n c a s t a wa y Ad v a n c em e n t o f L e a r n i n g,
”
p .

T i ll t h e fo u l c ri m e sdo n e i n m y da ys of na t u re
A re b u rn t a n d p u r ged a wa y .

Ha m le t , a ct i . so .

T o t a k e hi m i n t h e p u rgi n g o f his sou l .

Ha m le t , a ct i ii . so .

The n ext, t ha t a ft e r t hi s e xa m pl e , i t i s li k e t ha t j u dg e s w i ll

fly f ro m a n y t hi
g i n t he l i
n k e n e ss o f c o rru t i o n
p (t hou gh i t w e re a t

a g re a t di st a n c e ) a s fr o m a s e rp e n t , w hi c h t e n de t h t o t he p u rgi n g

O f t he C o u r t s o f J u s t i c e
“
( L o r d Cha n c e llor B a con t o t he L o rds ,

C a b a la , p 5 , .

Yo u m u st b e p u rged t o o , you r si n s a re ra c k d,
’
Ros .

Yo u a re a t t a in t w i t h fa u l t s a n d pe rj ury .

Lo v ’
e s La b o u r L os t , a ct i . so .

Iw ou l d o n l y a sk w hy t he Ci v i l S t a t e s ho ul d b e p urged a nd

r e st o r e d by go o d a n d w ho le som e la w s v o l ii i
p
. . .

T he re fo r e c a re w o u ld b e ha d t ha t (a s i t fa re t h i n i ll p urgi n gs)
t he g ood be n ot ta k en a wa y wi t h t he ba d, w hi c h c om m o n l yi s

do n e w he n t he p e o pl e i s t he r e form e r S u p e r st i t i o n
“
A n d he re w i ll m a e I k a re q u e st , t ha t fo r t he la t t e r (o r a t

l ea st fo r a
p a rt t he re o f) I ma y re v i v e a n d re i n t e gra t e t he m i s

a l i ed a n d a b u se d na me of na t u ra l m a gi c ; w hi c h i n t he t ru e
pp
s e n se i s b u t na t u ra l w i sdo m , or na t u ra l pru de n c e , t a k en a c c o rd
 B A C O IVS “
G E O R G I C S O F T H E M I ND
’

i n g t o t he a n c i e n t a c c e pt i o n p u rged from va n i ty a n d su e rst i t i o n

p
(
“
Ad v a n c em e n t o f L e a rn i n g,
”
B k IIoo p . .

In c on tin u a ti on of t he p a ge ssa c i t e d fro m B a con s

’ “
Et hi c s,
“
t o u c hi n g hi s a ss e rt i o n t ha t the best Doctors o f thi s knowledge a re

the p oe ts, w he r e w e m a y fi n d p a i n ted a nd di ssected to the life ,

ho w a ffe c t i o n s a re t o be s t i rr e d up a nd ki n dle d ; ho w s t ill
’
d
a nd la i d a sl e e p ; ho w a
g ia
’
n c o n t a i n d a n d r e fra i n d, t ha t t he
’
y
bre a k n ot fo rt h i n t o a ct ? k
Li e w i se ho w t he di sc lo se t he m y
s el v e s, t ho u gh r e pr e s se d a n d s e c re t e d ? Wha t o p e ra t i o n s t he y
p ro du c e ? Wha t t u rn s t he y ta k ? e H O W t he y a re e n wra
pt
on e w i t hi n a n o t her ? H o w t he y fight a n d e n c o u n t er o n e wi t h
a n o t he r ? A n d o t he r t he li k e pa rt i c u la ri t i e s . A m o n gst t he w hi c h,
t hi s la st i s o f sp e c i a l u se i n M ora l a nd Ci vi l m a t t e rs . How I sa y
to set Af ecti on a ga i n st Afi c ti on , a nd by the he lp of on e to ma ster
a n d rec la im a n other ? Af ter the ma n ner of Hun ters a n d F owlers, ‘

who hu n t bea st wi th bea st, *

a nd fly bi rd wi th bi rd
”
(B k oo VII , .

“ ”
p 35 5 ,
. De Au gm e n t i s, T ra n s .

T he s e tt i n o f a ffe c t i o n a ga i n st a ffe c t i o n in t hi s m a is
g n n er

a b u n da nt l y p o rt ra y ed i n t he pla y In t he pla
s . of Tr o i lu s y “

a nd Cre ssi da ,
”
t he p ri de o f A a j x
i s se t a ga i n st t he p ri de o f
A c hi lle s i n e x a ctl y t he w a y i n c u l c a t e d by a c o n — t ha t i s a s
,
B
p re yi n
g u p o n e a c h o t he r

’
H ow on e ma n ea ts in to a n o ther s
pri de , 1
'

Whil e pri de i s fa st i n g i n hi s w a n t o n n ess .

Tro ilu s a n d C re ssi da , a ct ii . so .

Tw o c u rs sh a ll t a m e e a c h ot her pri de a l o n e
M u st t a rre t h e m a st i fls on ,
a s
’
t w ere t h e i r b o n e .

(I h .
,
a ct i . so .

Sp a ce fo rbi ds us t o i ll u st ra t e w ha t i s re a ll y on e of t he l e a di n g
m o ti v es of t hi s pla y ,
v iz .
,
t he c o n t ra s t a ffo rde d by A j x a a nd

Gi v e hi m a ll o w a nce a s t h e w o rt h i e r m a n ,

F o r t h a t w i l l p hysi o t h e gre a t M y rm ido n .

T ro i l us a nd

1 Hu m a n i t y
'
m u s t p e rfo rc e pr ey on i tse lf,
Lik e m o n s t e rs o f t h e de e p .

Ki n g L e a r, a ct iv . se.
 1 1 2 B A C O IV S
’
G E O R G I C S OF T H E ju m p s
;

A c hi lle s, t he fo rm e r e gg e d o n by t he plo t o f Ul sse s a n d Ne st o r y

t o hu m ble t he p ri de o f t he la t t e r, a n d u t hi m i n t o m o t i o n
p .

Or ta k e t he
“
Ta m i n g of t he Shr e w ,
”
w he re on e ba d temp er i s
i
(n B a c on s
’
w o rds) ma ste r d
’
a nd rec la i m d by
’
a no ther ba d te mp a '

a she —
de vi l by a he d e v i l
-
.

G rem i o . A b ri degro o m
y you ? T is a gro o m i n de e d,
sa
’

A g ru m bli n g g ro o m , a n d t ha t t h e gi rl sh a l l fi n d .

T ra n i o C urs t e r t h a n she ? Why t is i m po ss i bl e

’
.

v v v
.

G re m i o W hy h e s a de il , a de i l , a e ry fi e n d
’
.

v v
.

T n io
ra W h
y , sh e s a de v il , a de il , t he de i l s da m
.
’ ’
.

'
Gr e m i o T u t, she s a . la m b, dove ,
. a a f oo l to hi m .

”
Ta m in g of t he S hre w , ac t ii i . so .

P et . v I
Th us h a e p o l i t i c ly b e gu n m y re i g n ,
A n d t i s m y h o pe t o e n d su c ce ss fu l l y
’
.

M y fa l c o n n o w i s sh a rp , a n d pa ssi n g e m pt y
A n d t ill sh e s t o o p sh e
b e fu ll g o rg e d, m u st n ot

v
F o r t he n sh e n e e r l o o k s u po n h er lu re
I v
.

A n o t h e r wa y h a e t o m a n m y h a gga rd,
T o m a k e h e r c o m e a n d k n o w h er k e e pe r s ca ll ,
’

T ha t i s , t o w a t c h h e r, a s w e w a t c h t h es e ki te s
Tha t ha t e a nd b ea t a nd w i ll n ot be o b edi e n t .

T a m in g of t he Sh re w , a ct iv . so .

T hi s i s e xa c tl y a n exa m pl e of w ha t B a con wri t e s i n hi s bo o k

of Et hi c s i n t he “
D e A u gm e n t i s Bu t t o .
“
s
p ea k t ru t h, t he

b e st Do c t o rs O f thi s k
n o w le dge a r e t he P o e t s . How I sa y
to set a fl ec tion a ga i n st a
fi ec ti on ,
a nd by the he lp of on e to ma s te r
a n d recla im a n other ! Aft e r t he m a n n e r o f Hu n t e rs a n d F owlers,

fl ( A dva n c e m e n t
“
w ho hu n t b ea st wi t h b e a st , a nd y bird wi th bi r
”
of Lea r n i n g, 1 64 0, p .

“
In M u c h Ado A bo u t No t hi n g ,
we fin d B e n e di c t a nd

B ea t ri c e bro u ght in to a m ou n ta i
n of a ffe c t i o n fo r ea c h o t he r

k
by a t ri c w hi c h m i ght b e ca ll e d a fo w l e r s, v i a — i m i t a t i o n “ ’
.

v
Ea c h o e rhea rs t ha t t he o n e i s m a dl i n l o v e wi t h t he o t he r, y
a nd j u st a s w i ld b i rds a re c a u
gh t b y a ca ll bi rd, fi n d t he m se l e s v
li m e d i n r ea li t y i n t he end It i s c ha ra c t e ri s t i c o f t hi s e n t ir e
.

a rt t ha t c ha ra c t e r is i n s t c ha ra c t e r, a s sha do w o r c o n tra s t ,
se t a a
g
a nd t ha t Et hi c i s fi
pr e do m i n a n t fro m rst t o la st i n t he t rea t m e n t .

In t he Tw o B k oo s Of t he A dv a n c em en t,
”
1 605 , w e r ea d
 B A C ON S G E O R G I C S O F T H E M I ND
’
. 1 1 3

v
It w e r e t o o lo n g t o go o e r t he pa rt i c u la r r e m e di e s w hi c h
le a rn i n do t h m i n i ster to, a ll the di sea ses of the m i n d ; s o m e t i m e s
g
p u r i t he i l l h u m o u rs, s o m e t i m e s o p e n i n g t he O b st ru c t i o n s ,
g g n

so m e t i m e s he lpi n g di ge st i o n , so m e t i m e s i n c re a si n g a pp e t i t e ,
so m e t i m e s he a li n g t he w o u n ds a n d e x u l c e ra t i o n s t he r e o f, a nd

t he li k e ; a nd t he r e fo r e I w i ll _
c o n c l u de wi t h t ha t w hi c h ha t h

ra ti on em c o rru
p t t he st a t e t he r e o f . F o r t he m i n d of ma n i s “fa r
fr o m t he na t ure of a c le a r a n d e q ua l gla ss, w he r e i n t he b e a m s
of t hi n g s sho u ld r e fl ect a c c o r di n g to t he i r t ru e i n c i de n c e ; n a y ,

it is ra t he r li k e a n e n c ha n t e d
g l a s s, fu ll o f su p e r st i t i o n a nd

i m p o st ur e , i f i t b e v
n o t de li e r e d a n d r e du c e d
”
.

No t e t he w o rds w e pla ce i n i ta li c s, w he r e w e re fin d t he t hre e

c hi e f w o rds of t he li n e a lre a d yq u ot e d fro m “
M a cbet h

Ca n st t h ou n ot m i n i s ter to a m i n d di sea sed ?

B a c on no do u bt b o rro w e d t hi s i m a g e fro m C i c e ro :
“
Bu t i f
t he joy li v i n g i s i n t e rru pt e d by t he a ffli c t i n g m a la di e s o f t he
Of

bod y ,
ho w m u c h gre a t e r m u st i t s i n t e rru pt i o n b e fro m t he
Di sea ses o f the Mind 7 No w t he D i s e a se s Of t he M in d c o n si st in
i n sa t i a bl e a n d su fl
p e r u o u s a pp e t i t e s a ft e r Ri c h e s, Glo r , P o w e r, y
a nd e v en se n su a l pl e a su r e s ; a dd t o t h e s e di s u i e t , u n e a si n e s s, q
a nd m e la n c ho l y; a ll of w hi c h p r e y u
po n a nd c o n su m e wi th
a n xi t y t h
e e sp i ri t s o f t ho se w ho a re i gn o ra nt t ha t t he m i n d o u ght

to h v a e n o s e n sa ti o n Of
p a i n , for a n t hi n g t ha t i s di st i n c t fro m y
y
t he pa i n o f t he b o d , e i t he r pre s e n t o r t o c o m e An d n o w . I
v
m u st Ob s e r e , t ha t t he r e i s n o t a fo o l i n t he w o rld w ho i s n o t
si c k o f s o m e o n e o r o t he r o f these di sea ses a nd t he r e fo r e t he re i s

n ot a fo o l w ho i s n ot u n ha pp y ”
(
“
De Ci c e r o
’
s in
flu e n c e u po n B a con i n t he m a t t e r of m o ra l s di v i de s ho n o u r s wi t h

Se n e c a . B ot h i n c u l c a t e d do c t ri n e s of t he n o b l e st m o ra l i t y or u n

s e l fi shn e ss , a n d w e m a y gu e ss t ha t t he w ri t e r w ho p e n n e d t he

fo ll o w i n g w o rds, w o u l d ho ld a hi gh pla c e w i t h t he a u t ho r O f su c h
y “
pla s a s M e a su r e fo r M e a su r e
”
a n d t he M e rc ha n t o f Ve n i c e .

L e t m e a sk yo u w he t he r y o u t hi n k I won t
’

y a n H o m e r, a n
sa

Ar c hi lo c hu s, a Pi n da r, e e n a P hidi a v s, a y
P o l c l e t u s, a Z e u x i s,
H
 B A C ON S G E O R G I C S O F TH E M I ND
’
1 1 4 .

” “
di re c t e d t he i r a rt s t o t he p u rpo s e s o f se n sua l pl ea s u re s ? ( De
Fi n i b u s, ii .

F o r t o t hi s e n d s ha l l t ru t h b e de li v e r e d a s na k ed a s if y ou r

s e lf w e re to be a na tom ized (
“
L e t t e r t o Chi e f J u st i c e C o -
k e,
”

lxx 1 7 02 )
.

fo lly i s
’
Th e w i se m a n s a na to m i zed .

“
( As yo u Li k e It ,
a ct . 11 . so .

L e t t he m a na to m ize Re ga n .

L ea r, a ct iii . so.

The re a re e l e v e n e n t ri e s o f t he w o rds
“
a na tom y, a na to m i zed
i n t he pla y s
(se e C o w de n Cla r k ’
e s
“
Co n c o rda n ce An d it is
u s e d i n t he s e n se o f di scoveri n g di sea se o
f the sou l, a nd a lso i n t he
se n se o f a s k e le t o n

A m e re a na tom y, a m ou rrt e b a n k.

C o m e dy of E rro rs , ac t v . so .

Di r e c t l y we o pe n t he Se v en th B k
oo De A u g of B a c on s
’ “

m e n t i s,
”
w e fi n d o u r se l v es in c o n ta c t w i t h t he su b e c t o f
“
M o ra ls, ”
j
or
“
Et hi c ,
”
w hi c h r i ght l y e m pl o y ed is re a lly th e ba s i s of Dra m a
a nd a ll S ta ge P la y s . In t he S e c o n d B k
oo of t he Ad v a n c em en t
”

B a con w ri t e s :
“
A n d t he re fo r e , a s Pla t o sa id e l e ga n t l y ,

Tha t vi rtue , f
i she cou ld be seen , wou ld move grea t a fi c tion a nd love
so se e i n g t ha t s he ca n n o t he w e d t o t he S ens e, by corp ora l
be s

sha p e the n ext degree is to show her to the I ma gi n a ti on i n li ve ly rep re

sc u ta tio n fo r t o sho w he r t o Rea son , on l yi n su b t ilt y of a r
gu m e n t ,
wa s a t hi n g e v er de ri de d i n Chr y si ppu s a n d ma n y o f t he S t o i c s ,

w ho t ho u ght t o t hru st v i rt u e u po n m e n by s ha rp di sp u ta t i o n s
a n d c o n c lu si o n s , w hi c h ha v e no s ym p t hy wi t h t h a e wi ll of Ma n

(
“
Ad v a n c e m e n t Of L ea rn i n
g ,
”
B k II p 67
oo .
,
.

T hi s i s su c h a n u n m i st a k a bl e a llus i o n or hi n t fo r t he u se of

Re pr e se n ta t i v e Po e t r y (t h e Dra m a ) a s m ea ns O f e t hi ca l i n s t ru c t i o n ,
t ha t i t ha r dly n e e ds o u r a p o l o g y B . a con y
i s p la i n l r e fe rr i n g t o
“
Vi rt u e
”
se e n o r re pr e s e n t e d u po n t he S ta ge i n S ta g e Pla s , y
a nd we ha v e on l y to t hi n k of I sa b e lla in “
M ea su r e fo r
M ea su r e , or of Des de m on a ,
to r e a li s e a ll B a co n w ri t e s . Me ’

se e B a c on is n ot a llu di n g t o Vi rtue i n da il
‘

y lif e, fo r he de c la r e s,
 R A C ON S G E OR G I C S O F T H E M I N
’
1 1 5

she ca n n o t be she w e d t o t he se n se , by c o rp o ra l sha An d

pe .

he c o n de m n s a r u m e n t a n d
g p e rsu a si o n s by m e a n s of Re a so n , a s

of n o u se a n d e ffe c t . I ma gin a tion i s t he fa c u lt y of t he m i n d,

p ro du c i n g a n d a n sw e ri n g w i t h a c o n t o P o e t r T he p a r t s o f B y .

hu m a n e l e a rn i n g ha v e r e fe re n c e t o t he t hre e pa r t s o f M a n s u n
’

de r sta n di n
g ,
w hi c h is t he sea t of l e a rn i n g : Hi s t o r y to hi s
M em or y ,
P oesie to his I ma gi n a tion , Philo so p h
-

yt o hi s Re a so n
”
(p .

7, B k II
oo ,
.
“
v
A d a n c e m e n t o f L ea rn i n g,
” “
Rep resen ta
ti ve (P oesy) i s a s a vi si ble hi story, a nd is a n i ma ge f
o a cti on s a s if they
were p rese n t
”
(p . 1 8, Ad v a n c e m e n t Of L e a r n i n g,
”
Bk II . .
,

Dra m a t i c a l or Re pre s e n ta t i v e (P o e t r y) i s a s it w Vi ibl

e re s e hi s
t or y ”
(
“
A dv a n c em en t
p 1 06, oi An d t ha t
L e a rn i n g,
”
.

B a c o n i n t he q
pa ssa g e u o t e d (a b o u t t he rep resen ta ti on of vi rtue t o
t he I
m a gi n a t i o n ) i s a llu di n g t o t he v a lu e o f a ri ght u se o f t he
Dra m a , for p u rp o se s o f e t hi c a l t e a c hi n g, m a y b e se e n i n hi s u se o f
t he w o rds “
li vely represen ta ti on a nd Ima gi na ti on In o o .
”
B k II .

Of t he “
De A u gm e n t i s (t he
”
on l y p g
a e u
p o n w h i c h h e di re c tl y
di sc u sse s, o r a llu de s t o t he u se a nd a bu se of t he Dra m a ) :

Dra m a t i c a l or Re pr e se n ta t i v e Po e s y ,
w hi c h bri n gs t he Wo rld
u
po n t he S t a ge s, i s of exce llen t use if i t were n ot a bu sed F o r t he .

i n st ru c t i o n s a n d c orru p t i o n s O f t he S ta ge m a y b e gre a t , bu t t he
c o rru
p t i o n s i n t hi s ki nd a b o u n d, t he di sc i pli n e i s a l t o ge t he r
n e gl e c t e d i n o u r t im e s . F o r a lt ho u gh i n m o de rn C o m m o n w e a l t hs, -

y
S t a ge P la s b e b u t e st e e m e d a sp o r t o r pa st i m e u n l e ss i t dra w
y
fro m t he sa t r, a n d b e m o rda n t , y e t t he ca r e o f t he A n c i e n t s wa s
tha t i t sho uld i n struc t the m i n ds o f men u n to vi rtue (p 1 07 ,
. Ad
”
v a n c em en t O f L e a r n i n g,
If w e n o w re t u rn to B a con s
’ “
Et hi c s (S e v e n t h B k)
oo i n hi s
De A u gm e n t i s (1 62 3, w e fi n d hi m g i n hi n t i n g a t t he
a a

v a lu e O f Re resen ta ti on of Cha n d t he u se l e ssn e ss o f

p ra c ter, a
L p re
c e p t s, a r u m e n t s, a n d
g dr y l e sso n s, a s i n st ru m e n t s o f i n st ru c t i o n
a nd e x a m pl e i n m o ra li t y . It i s n ot t he di spu t i n g t ha t m o ra l

v i rt u e s a r e i n t he m i n d Of ma n by ha bi t , a n d n ot by na t u re or

fo rm a ll y di st i n
gu i shi n g b e t w e e n ge n e ro u s spi ri t s a n d t he O b sc u re
v ul a r
g ; t ha t t ho s e a re w o n by t he w e i ght o f Re a so n s ; t he s e by
 B A C ON S G E O R G I C S O F TH E M I ND
’
1 1 6 .

re w a rd a n d p u n i shm e n t ; or t he w i tt yp re c e pt , t ha t to re c t if y th e

m ind Of ma n, i t m u s t li k e a sta ff b e b o w e d t he c o n t ra r ywy to

a

i t s i n c li n a t i o n , a n d t he li k e gla nces sc a t t e r e d he r e a n d t he re .

The se a nd t he li k e a re fa r s ho rt Of be in g j t x
a us e c u se of the

Deflei enc e f
o tha t thi n g whi ch no w we seek
”
(B k
ooV II p .
,
.

Fo r a m o m e n t w e ha lt i n t he pa ss a ge t o q u o ta tio n of t he ca ll
a t t e n t i o n t o t he fa c t , t ha t B
a c o n i s p ro p o u n di n g a Defic i e n ce , a nd

seeki n g some thi n g whi ch i s to ta ke the p la ce , a nd better dry r u les a nd

a rgu men ts, for the i ns tru c tio n o f vi rtue a nd mora li ty . Wha t ca n
“
t hi s be ? H e t he n co n tin u es : F o r wri t i n gs sho u ld be su c h a s

s ho u ld M A KE M E NIN LO VE W I TH THE LE S S O N S , a n d n ot w i t h t he

t ea c he rs .
”
H o w t ho ro u ghl y t hi s a
g re e s w i t h the lesson s of the
Thea tre, kn ow Sha kesp ea l A d i i i n t he se
’
n a s re s p y
a s / n s t n ot

pla ys t ha t w e ca n e x c la i m , Vi rtue i s seen a nd does move grea t

a fle cti on a nd love ? Bu t i t i s e vi de n t to a c lo se st u de n t o f

B ’
a c o n s o scu re a n b d pri va te la n gua ge (t he S e e n t h o o , De A u g v B k “

he i s r e a ll y
dri v i n g a t p ortra ya l or port ra i ts of cha ra cter
a n d cha ra c ters ! “
In ha n dli n
g of t hi s S c i e n c e , t ho se w hi c h ha v e

w r i t t e n t he re o f, se e m to m e t o ha v e do n e , a s if a ma n tha t p rofessed

the a rt f
o wri ti n g sho uld
fa i r copi es of A lpha be ts a nd
o nly exhi bi t

letters j oi n ed wi tho ut gi vi n g a n y p recep ts for the ca rri a ge of the ha nd

,

a n dfra m i n g of the cha ra cters

(B o o k VII
“
A dv a n c e m e n t o f L ea rn .
,
”
i n g, p 333,
.

y
The p ro m i n e n c o f t he e t hi ca l i n t he c o n st r uc t i o n o f t he p la y s

is a p o i n t w hi c h a l w a s
g g y
a t he rs s t re n t h w i t h de e p e r st u d y I .

a m m y s e lf c o n v i n c e d, a lt ho u gh I ca n n ot p re t e n d t o fu rn i sh e vi
de n c e of my b e li e f, t ha t t he Et hi ca l i n t he se w o r s a mou n ts to k
p hi losop hi ca l p ri n cip le, w hi c h w il l s o m e da y b e r e ea le d b y a co n v B
hi m se lf, a n d a st o n i sh u s by i t s la i n g ba r e t he m e c ha n i sm O f y
m o ra li t y ,
a s a r e su lt of la w . No a n t i c i pa ti on or ba re st u d y of

t he t e x t w i ll e e r v br i n g us t o t he so lu t i o n of t hi s pro ble m , e x
“ ”
c e pt t hro u gh t he ppli ca t i o n o f t he De A u gm e n t i s, a s a grea t
a

key book t o u n ri ddle t hi s pro ble m , wi t h t he a ssi sta n c e o f a c o n B

hi m se lf Thi s w o r i s i n i ti a tory a nd m a gistra l
. k I t i s t he p ro se .

x
t e t , w ri t t e n i n p ri va te a nd obsc u re la n gua ge, o f t he pla s , w hi c h y
 B A C O JV S G E O R G I C S O F T H E M I ND
’
.

gre w up si de by s ide wi t h i t a s w or k s a nd ky e s, or w ha t he

f Na tu re
“
t e rm s In te rp reta ti on o . An d w e c a n se e t hi s i n t he fa ct,

t ha t a s B a con c on tin u ed t o w r i t e p la y s a ft e r 1 6 05 , he fo u n d i t
n e c e ssa r yt o rewri te a n d en la rge t he Tw o B k oo s of t he A d v a n ce

m en t of
gL ea rn i n
”
i n t o t he st a y “
D e A u gm e n t i s, w hi c h
tel
”

a
pp e a rs si de by si de w i t h t he fi rst c o ll e c t e d e di t i o n o f t he pla s t he y
sa m e y
e a r, 1 6 2 3 E v e r t hi n g i n t he
. y “
De A u gm e n t i s o f 1 6 2 3, m a y
”

be r e fo u n d i n germ i n t he 1 605 Tw o B k
o o s o f t he Ad a n c e m e n t v
of L e a rn i n g .
’
T he fa c t
'

B a c on re p e a t s t he sa me su bj e ct s (o n ly
de v e l o p e d a n d e n la r
ge d) i n t he D e A u gm e n t i s “
a s a re t o b e

fo u n d i n t he B k
T w o o o s o f t he Ad a n c e m e n t i s pr o o f he w a s v
wr i t i n g w i t h a j
di st i n c t o b e c t i n i e w , a n d n o t fo r t he sa e o f V k
v a ri e t y
p re s e n t fa m e
or
'

Bu t t he sli ght e st s t u d o f t he t w o
. y
k v
w o r s r e e a l s t he i r c ha ra c t e r s a t a gla n c e S e t t i n g t h e c i p he r s .

a nd
gre a t b o o o f “
D e li k
very of S e cre t Kn owledge a si de ,
w i t h
i t s m e t ho ds a nd di st i n c t a ffi li a t i o n w i t h t he E ssa y s
(t hr o u gh
t he
“
C o l o ur s of Good a nd E i l, v ”
A n t i t he ta ,
”
a nd M i n or Fo r
“ ”
a nd se c t i o n s u o n
m ul ae t he c ha pt e rs p P la ces o f su ggesti on or
” “ ” “
Top i c, Li tera te E xp eri en ce, P romp tua ry P la ce o f P rep a ra
ti on ,
”
ca n n o t be e x
pla i n e d u po n a n
y t he o r a t a ll e y x c ept a s fi n ge r
l i some thi n g
ra ry i n some book a n d n ot
p o st s of di re c t i o n , f or te

in n a tu re . I k n o w ho w t hi s st a t e m e n t wi ll a r o u s e sc e p t i c i sm a n d

i n c re du li t y ,
b u t l e t t ho s e w ho so fe e l , fi r st ru b t he i r e y es a l i t t le ,
a n d rea d t he t hi rd c ha p t e r of t he F i ft h B k oo of t he
“
De A u g
m en tis i n La t i n , or in t he En gli sh t ra n sla ti on by Wa t s o f
1 64 0 . L e t t he m su pp o s e t he m s e l v es t o ha v e t he qu e st i o n p u t

t he m , to wha t does a ll thi s a pp ly, or, i n deed, wha t does i t mea n ?

I v e n t u re to t hi n k t he i r re p li e s w o u ld b e c u ri o u s, a nd t he i r

wr i tt e n st a t e m e n t s i n t e re st i n g . I e n t i re l y p u t a si de fo r t he
'

m o m e n t t he l e a di n g o r b a si c pa rt H i st o r y a n d Po e tr l
p a in y y
t hi s w or k ,
di sgu i se d u n de r t he t e rm s
“
F e i gn d H i st o r ,
’ ”
y
“ Im agi n a ti on ,
”
a n d Elo c u t i o n .
”
Iw a nt to k n ow w hy Rhe t o ri c

is p a r t o f t he Wi sdom of P ri va te Sp eech a n d of P romp tua ry, ”

or S u ggesti ve ? An d w hy t h e e x a m pl e s of t hi s Rhe t o ri c a re t he
k e rn e l s, o r p ros a n d con s, o f t he E s sa y s ? Fu r t he r, w hy a ll t hi s
 8 B A C O IV S G E O R G I CS O F T H E M I ND
’
1 1 .

b e lo n gs t o t he a rt Tra di ti ve , or De li very o f the thi n gs In ven ted

All t hi s w e a ss e r t dea ls wi t h A rt . Fo r B a c on di s t i n c t l yw ri tes

I v n e n tio n
(Di s c o v e ry ) is of two ki n ds, m u c h di ffe ri n g, the
f A rts a n d Sc i e n c e s t he o t he r
on e o , o f a rgu m e n t s a nd s
p e e c he s .

The forme r of these (A rt s ) I re po r t t o b e w ho ll y DE F I C I ENT , w hi c h

se e m s to m e su c h a de fic i e n c e , a s if i n t he m a ki g f n o a n in v en t or y
touc hi n g the es ta te o f a Defu n c t, i t sho uld be se t down , o f rea dy m on ey
no thi n g ; fo r a s m on e y wi ll fe tc h a ll o t he r c o m m odi t i e s ; so a ll
o t he r a rt s a re
p u r c ha se d by t hi s a rt . Thi s i s a
pr e t t y c l ea r

hi n t fo r t he pla s y . A n d i n t he “
Two B k oo s o f t he A d v a n ce

m en t o f 1 605 , t he sa me j
su b e c t is v a ri e d t hu s

T o pro c u re t hi s rea d y u se of k n o w le d e
g t he r e a re two

c ou rs e s , pre pa ra t i o n a nd su
gg e sti o n . T he form e r of t he se

se e m e t h s ca r c e l y
pa rt o f n o w l e dge , c o n si st i n g ra t he r o f di li
a k
g e n c e t ha n of a n
y a rt i c i a l e ru di t i o n fi
An d he re i n A r i st o t l e .

y y
wi t t i l , b u t hu rt fu ll , do t h de ri de t he S o phi st s n ea r hi s t i m e ,

sa yi n g, They did a s if on e tha t p rofessed the a rt o f shoe -

ma ki n g shou ld
n ot tea ch how to ma ke up a shoe , bu t on ly exhi bi t in a rea di ness a

n u m ber o f shoes of a ll f a shi on s a n d si z es . Bu t y e t a m a n m i ght

re pl y ,
t ha t i f a sho e m a k er s hou ld ha v e n o S ho e s i n hi s sh0 p ,

bu t o nly wor k a s he i s b e sp o k en , he sho u ld b e w ea kly c u s to m e d .

Bu t o ur S a v i o u r, s
p ea ki n
g of di v i n e k n o w l e dg e , sa i t h, Tha t
the ki n gdom f
o hea ven i s li ke a good ho useho lder, tha t bri n geth for th
both new a n d o ld store : a nd we s e e t he a n c i e n t w r i t e rs o f r he t o ri c

v
do gi e i t pre c e pt , t ha t pl ea de rs shou ld ha e t he pla c e s, w he re o f v
y v
t he ha e m o st c o n t i n u a l u se , re a d ha n dl e d i n a ll t he a ri e t y v y
t ha t m a y b e a s t ha t , t o s
p ea k fo r t h e li t e ra l i n t e rp r e ta t i o n of

t he la w a
g i n st e u i t ,
a q y a n d c o n t ra r y a nd to sp ea k fo r pre su m p
tion s a nd g i
i n fe re n c e s
n st t e st i m o n , a nd a a y c o n t ra r An d y .

k
Ci c e r o hi m se lf, b e i n g br o e n u n t o i t by grea t e xp e ri e n c e , de
y
li v e re t h i t pla i n l , t ha t w ha ts o e e r a m a n sha ll ha e o c ca s i o n
'

v v
to sp e a k of
(if h e w i ll t a k e t he pa i n s) , he m a y ha v e it in e ffe c t

p re m e di ta te a nd ha n dle d i n thesi .

It se e m s to us B i s p re t t
a con y c l ea rl y alludi n g t o t he p ros
a n d cons, o r pla ces of
“
p e rsu a si o n a nd di ssu a si o n ,
”
o f t he Essa s, y
 B A C OIV S G E O R G I C S O F TH E M I ND
’
. 1 1 9

”
a s i m pli e d i n t he C o lo u rs of G ood a nd E vi l . An d w e a re n ot

a t a ll by t he w o r d shoes, he i s n o t pla i n g u p o n t he w o rd
su r e
“ ”
y
“ ” ”
shows, or p la ys In t he De A u gm e n t i s
. t hi s sa m e p a ssa ge

v
i s a ri e d t hu s T o pro c u r e t hi s rea dy P rovi si on fo r di sc ou r se
t he r e a re tw o wa y s ; e i t he r t ha t i t m a y b e de si gn e d or p o i n t ed

o u t, i t were, by a n i n dex, u n der wha t hea ds the m a tter i s to be

a s

sought ; a n d thi s i s wha t we ca ll to i c ; o r e lse tha t a rgu men ts

p
m a y be bef oreha n d fra med a n d stored up a bou t su ch thi n g a s a re

frequen tly i n ciden t a n d come i n to di scep ta ti o n, a n d thi s we wi ll ca ll

p romp tua ry a rt or f
o p rep a ra ti on . T he p a ssa ge c o n t i n u e s fro m
t hi s m o m e n t u st j a s t he pa ssa
ge q u o t e d fr o m t he
“
Tw o o o s B k
of t he A d v a n c em e n t . B a con is e v i de n t l y hi n tin g t ha t exa mp les
a re n e c e s sa r y b e fo r e a r
gu m e n t s , a n d t ha t Shoes a re p a rt o f the
esta te o f a shoema ker, a n d m o re t o t he p o i n t a s the thi n gs themselves
t ha n m e re a rgu m e n t s . A ll t hi s p o i n t s, w e t hi n , t o t he An t i k
t h e ta a s
p ro m
p t ua r yt o t he p l a y B s, a c on ca lls t hi s pa rt P romp tu “

A rts a s
” “ ” “
a ry P rep a ra ti on , b e l o n gi n g t o In ve n ti ve .
P la ces of
S u ggesti on ,
”
b ei n g a b ra n c h of L o gi c , of w hi c h t hi s B k
oo V .

“
t re a t s . In t h e Pla t fo rm of t he De si gn , we fi n d t hi s Ar t of

Di s c o v y (I v
er n en tion ) v
di i de d i n t o A rts a nd A rgu me n ts .

Art s i n t o L i t e ra t e
E x p e ri e n c e .

J I n t er
pr e ta t i o n of Na t u re .

In t he “
Tw o B k oo s of t he A d v a n c em e n t , 1 605 , De Cu ltu ra
a n i mi i s t he g e rm o f t he G e o rgi c s “
of t he M in d i n t he 1 6 2 3
“
De Au gm e n t i s
”
A n d w e fi n d t hi s
.
“
hu sba n dr y o f c ha ra c t e r

( u po n p a
g e 2 02 , se c . xx i i .
,
B k II
oo . W ri ght ) ,
di s c u ssi n g “
me n
’
s

na tu res or cha ra c ters ,

pa g e 2 06, wi t h hi n t s fo r t he Essa y s,

i n a sm u c h a s t he su b e c t s j w e pla ce i n i ta l i c s a re t he t i t le s o f som e

of B a c on s
’
Essa y s

“
A ma n sha ll fi n d i n t he t ra di t i o n s
.
o f a s t ro l o g y som e
pre tt y
a nd a p t di i si o n s v of me n
’
s na tu res, a c c o rdi n g t o t he pr e do m i n a n ces
 B A C ON S G E O R G I C S O F TH E M I ND
’
1 20 .

of t he p la n ets ; lo v e rs o f q ui e t , lo v e rs o f a c t i o n , lo v e rs o f vi c tor y ,

lo v e rs of ho n o u r, lo v e rs of ple a sur e , lo v e rs of a rt s , lo v e rs of

c ha n d fo rt h A ma s ha ll fi n d i n t he w i se st s o rt of
ge , a n so . n

t he se r e la t i o n s w hi c h t he It a lia ns ma k e t o u c hi n g c o n c la v e s, t he

na ture s of t he se v e ra l c a rdi n a ls ha n ds o m e l y a n d li v ly p
e a in te d
fo rt h . A ma n S ha ll m e e t w i t h i n e v y er da y ’
s c o n fe r e n c e t he
de n o m i n a t i o n s o f s e n si t i v e, dry , fo rm a l, re a l, hu m o ro u s, c e rt a in ,
huo mo di p ri ma i mp ressi on e , hu o mo di ul ti m a i mp ressi one , a n d t he
k v
li e : a n d y e t n e e rt he le ss t hi s i n d o f o b se r a t i o n s w a n de re t h k v
i n w o rds , b u t i s n ot fix ed in in q iy
u r . F o r t he di s t i n c t i o n s a re

fo u n d (m a n y of t he m ) , b u t w e c o n c l u de no p re c e p t s u po n t he m
w he re i n o u r fa ul t i s t he gr e a t e r ; beca use bo th hi story , p oesy, a n d
da i ly exp eri e n ce a re a s goodly fields whe re the se observ a ti on s gr ow ,

k
w he re o f w e m a e a fe w p o si e s t o ho l d i n o u r ha n ds , bu t n o m a n

bri n ge t h t he m t o t he c o n fe c t i o n e r y ,
t ha t re c e i p t s m i ght b e m a de
of t he m fo r u se o f li fe .

O f m u c h li k kie n d a re t ho s e i m pre ssi o n s of n a t u re , w hi c h a re

i m p o se d u po n t he m i n d by t he sex,
g e , by t he re gi o n ,
by t he a

by he a lt h a nd s c i k n e ss, by bea u ty a n d deform i ty,

*
a n d t he l i e , k
w hi c h a re i n he re n t a n d n ot e xt e rn ; a nd a
g i a
n, t ho s e w hi c h

a re c a u se d by e xt e rn fo rt u n e ; a s so v e r e i gn t y ,
n o bili t
y, o b sc ur e

bi rt h, ri ches, wa n t, m a gi st ra c y , p ri v a t e n e s s , p rosp e ri ty, a dversi ty,

r i a b l e fo r t u n e ,
c o n st a n t f ortu ne , va ri s i n
g p er sa ltu m , p er gra du s,
-

a nd t he li k e .
”

Ma r k t he hi n t B a c on
gi v es us a s to
“
hi sto ry a nd
“
p oesy
fo r the fie lds where these obse rva ti ons grow . A m o n gst B a con s
’

“
E ssa y s a nd
“
A n t i t he ta ,
”
we fi n d t he su b e c t sj “
No bi li t y ,
”

Ri c he s,
” “
Ad v e r si t y ,
a n d “
Fo rt u n e ,
”
a nd it se e m s to us

B a con gi v es us t he se sa m e t i t le s a shi n t s, fe a ri n g t o sa y m o re
in c on te xt w i t h po e tr y .
“
So v e re i g n t
”
y
i s m u c h t he sa m e a s
“
Em p i re ,
”
w hi c h i s o n e of t he e s sa y s . It i s t he con te xt of

a v
ll t hi s t ha t gi e s fo rc e t o o u r e i de n c e Fo r a c o n i n t ro du c e s v . B
t he a ffe cti ons a s p a rt of E thi cs, a n d b la m e s A ri sto t le fo r hi s

o m i ssi o n t o do t he sa me
“
A n o t he r a r t i c le of t hi s k n o w l e dge i s t he i n qiy u r to u c hi n g
“ ” ”
T he re a re t w o Es s a ys by Ba c o n , e n t i tle d B ea ut y ,
a nd De fo rm i t y .
 B A C ON S G E O R G I C S O F T H E M I ND
’

t he a ffe c t i o n s ; fo r a s i n m e di c i n i n g of t he b o d y ,
it is in o rde r

fi r st to k n ow t he di v e r s c o m p le x i o n s a n d c o n st i t u t i o n s s e c o n dl y ,

t he di se a se s ; a nd la st l y ,
t he c u re s : so i n m e dl c m l n g of t he

m i n d, a ft e r k n o w le d e o f
g t he di v e rs c ha ra c t e rs of m en
’
s na t u re s,

i t fo llo w e t h i n o r de r to k n ow t h e di se a se s a nd i n fi rm i t i e s of

t he m i n d, w hi c h a re no o t he r t ha n t he p e r t u rb a t i o n s a nd di s
t e m p e rs of t he a ffe c t i o n s . For a s t he a n cien t
p o li t i q u es in

p o pu la r e sta t e s w e re won t to c o m pa r e t he p e o pl e t o t he se a ,

a n d t he o ra t o r s t o t he w i n ds be ca u se a s t he sea w o u ld of i t se lf
be ca lm a nd q u iet, i f t he wi n ds did n ot mo v e a nd t r o u bl e i t ; so

t he p e o pl e w o u l d b e p e a c e a bl e a n d t ra c t a bl e , i f t he se di t i o u s
o ra t o rs did n o t s e t t he m i n w o r i n g a n d a gi t a t i o n : s o i t m a y k
be fi t ly sa i d, t ha t t he m i n d i n t he n a t u r e t he r e o f w o u ld b e
t e m p e ra t e a nd st a y e d, if t he a ffe c t i o n s , a s w i n ds, di d n ot
pu t
i t i n t o t u m ul t d p e r t u rba t i o n
a n A n d he r e a ga i n . Ifi n d s t ra n
ge ,
a s b e fo re , t ha t A ri st o t l e sho u ld ha e w r i t t e n di v v e rs v o lu m e s o f

E t hi c s, a nd n ever ha n dled the a fiecti on s ,

whi ch i s the p ri n cip a l

j
s u b ect thereof ; y e t i n hi s Rhe t o ri c s, w he r e t he
a nd a re c o n y
si de r e d b u t c o lla t e ra ll a n d in a s e c o n d de re e
g y (a s t he m a y y
v
b e m o e d by sp e e c h), he fi n de t h pla c e fo r t he m , a n d ha n dle t h
t he m w e ll fo r t he q u a n tit y; bu t w he re t h e i r t ru e p la c e i s, he
I
“

pr e t e rm i t t e t h t he m . or i t i s n o t hi s di sp u ta t i o n s a b o u t pl e a su r e
a n d pa i n t ha n c a n sa t i sf y t hi s i n qiy u r ,
no m o r e t ha n he t ha t
s ho u ld
g e n e ra ll yh a n dl e t he na t u re of l i ght ca n be sa id t o ha n dle
t he na t u re o f c o l ou rs ; f or p lea su re a nd p a in a re to the p a rti cu la r

a fi ecti on s ,
as li ght i s to p a rti cu la r co lou rs
(B k II oo .
“
Ad v a n cem en t
”
of L e a r n i n g,
Ha v e we n ot he r e a hi n t f or the ti tle a n d su b ec t j m a tter , The
Colou rs of Good a nd Evi l,
”
w hi c h a re a t t a c he d t o t he E ssa y s, a n d

w e r e pu bli she d 1 5 9 7 w i t h t he m
“
No t hi n g m o re v a ri a bl e t ha n fa ces a n d c ou n t e n a n c e s : y e t

m en ca n be a r i n m e m o r y th e in fi n it e di st i n c t i o n s of t he m na
y,
a p ai n t e r wi t h a fe w shells of co lou rs, a n d t he b e n e t o f hi s e y e , fi
a n d ha bi t o f hi s i ma gi na ti on , c a n i m i t a t e t he m a l l t ha t e v e r ha e v
be en , a re , or m a y b e , if t he yw b ere ro u
ght b e fo r e hi m (
“
Ad
v a n c em en t o f Lea rn i n
g ,
1 605 B k II ,
oo .
, p .
 B A C ON S G E O R G I C S O F TH E M IND
'
1 2 2 .

In t hi s sa m e w or kB a con t e lls us P o esy i s f

re e rre d to i ma gi n a
ti o n :

T he pa rt s o f hu m a n le a rn i n g ha e re fe re n c e t o t he t hr e e v
p art s o f m a n s u n de rs t a n di n g, w hi c h i s t he s ea t o f l ea rn i n g
’

hi s t o r yt o hi s m e m o r y , po e s yt o hi s i m a gi n a t i o n , a nd p hi lo so ph y
to hi s rea so n (p .

A n d h e re l e t u s re m a r k ,
t he
“
A n t i t he ta , gi v en i n t he S i x t h
B k oo
“
D e A u gm e n t i s ,
”
a re a fi
f lia t e d t o t he “
C o l o u rs Of G o od
a n d E il, v ”
a n d t he re i s a gra dus of de sc e n t e vi d e n tl y ,
fro m t he
“
Es sa y s t o t he
“
C o lo u r s ,
”
A n t i t he t a ,
”
a n d “
M i n o r F o rm ul ae .
”

Wha t we a r e su
g g
g i
e s t ha t t he c olou rs i n t he pa i n t e r s s e n se )
st i n
(
’

”
Of t he c ha ra c t e rs O f t he 1 6 2 3 t hea t r e , a r e t he A n ti the ta , v i z : .

t he ffe c t i o n s , pa ssi o n s , w ho se t i t le s a re P ride , n gra t i t u de , E n

a ,
I vy
y y
Va i n glo r , C o n sta n c , F o r t i t u de , T e m p e ra n c e , D i ssi m u la t i o n ,
B o ldn e ss , Fla t t e ry , Lo v e, Fri e n dshi p, w i t h t he i r c o n di t i o n s,

No b i li t y ,
B ea u t y ,
Yo u t h, H e a lt h, Ri c he s, H o n o u rs, Pra i s e , 85 0 .

T he se , w e sa y ,
a re t he Colou rs f
o the Thea tre , a nd t he pa rt i c u la r
t re a t i s e On t he C o lo u rs Of Good a nd Evi l
”
m e re l y i n s t ru c t i o n s
fo r o u r u n ra v e lli n g O f t he s e
i n t he pla s, t he p ros a n d con s c o lo ur s y
t o i n st ru c t u s t o gu a rd a ga i n st S o p hi s m s, a n d t o sho w ho w t he

sa m e t hi n g m a y b e o b s c ur e d i n t he E ssa s The s t ro n g po i n t s y .

a r e t ha t w e fin d t he E ssa s c o n n ec t e d w i t h t he y
A n t i t he ta ,
”

or rea ll y ide n t i fi ed w i t h t he m a s fru i t a nd se e d . An d t he se

“
A n t i t he ta a re g i v e n a s p ro mp tua ry , text, or c ues , a n d
pa rt o f t he
Wi sdo m Of P ri v a t e S p e e c h,
”
e m b ra c e d u n de r t he t i t le O f oo B k
VI . a s Tra di ti on or E locu ti on . It i s o u r c o n vi c tio n a ll t hi s i s ly on

gra dus a d Thea tru m In t he Pla t fo rm Of t he De si gn Of t he

p er .

Si t hx B kw oo e fin d Ad v a n c em en t Of L e a r n i n g,
”
1 6 4 0)
Of t he di c ta t e s Of Rea so n to

The us e, Im gi na t i o n
a .

fi ’”d O f SPe e c h “ S p e c t W 9 1Y t 0 P3 1 t 1 01 1 .

f
o ce
I LLU ST RAT I O N a pp i
f
l ca t ion . la w , o r t he Wi sdo m o f P ri a t e
. .

v
OF S PE E C H
S pe e c h .

RH M
OR O R ’C ‘

C o lo u rs Of G oo d a n d E il v .

App e ndi ces A n t i t he ta Re ru m

lL
. .

e ss e r s t yl es a nd fo rm s O f Spe e c h .
 B A C ON S G E O R G I C S O F T H E M I ND
’
.

It m a y b e se e n ho w t he la st t hr e e a re b ra c k eted t o ge t he r a s

i llu st ra t i o n s of Rhe t o ri c , u n do u b t e dl y p oin tin

g t o t h e Essa y s .

No b o dy ca n q u e st i o n t ha t , i n a sm u c h a s t he t wo fir st , viz .
,

C o l ou rs Of Good a nd E v i l, w e r e p u bli she d w i t h t he E ssa y s,

a n d a re onl y wa y s of sho w i n
g us ho w t he sa m e t hi n g m a y b e
sa id m a n y wa y s, w i t h t he so
phi sm s Of r he t o ri c , so to sp ea k ,

a r
gu e d,
a n d t he i r fa lla c i e s e xp o se d . We sa
y B a con w ro t e t hi s

e x pr e s sl yt o c a u ti on u s a
g ai n st li t e ra l i n t e r r e t a t i o n o f
p t he l e t t e r *

of t he Essa y s, a nd to g i e uvs a hi n t a s t o t he Thea t re a ls o

t hr o u gh t he E ssa pp li e d i y
n t he s a
S p i ri t Th e A n t i t he t a . a re

t he k e rn e ls o f t he E s sa y
s , o r a ffe c t i o n s a n d
p a s s i o n s O f t he c ha r

a c t e rs, o f w hi c h t he pla y s a re c o m p o se d . Arc hbi sho p Wha t e ly

de c la re s t he A n t i t he t a a re i de n t i c a l w i t h t he Essa y—s a t l e a st

ma n y of t he m , a nd D o c t o r Abb o t t ha s fo llo w e d i n t he sa me

fo o t st e p s, a t ta c hi n
g ma n y Of t he A n t i t he t a (if n ot a ll ) t o t he i r
r e sp e c t i v e su b e c t s j i n t he Essa y s . T he re fo r e t hi s b e i n g a c k n ow

l e dge d, i t b e ho v e s t he c ri t i c to x pl
i n w h y t he s e
e a e rn e l s , o r k
cu e s of t he E ssa y ts, a r e o be fo u n d u n de r t he a ll e m bra c i n g t i t l e -

of t he Si x t h B k (w h
oo ere t he y a re i n t ro du c e d) of
“
T ra di t i o n or

Elo c u t i o n . B T
e c a u se
“
ra di t i o n
”
is e x pla B
i n e d by a c o n i n t he s e
w o rds :
“
Now let u s c ome u n to the A rt o f Deli very, or of exp ressi n g

f
a n d tra n s erri n g those thi n gs whi ch a re i n ven ted, j u dged ,
a nd la id up

i n the M emory, whi ch by a gen era l n a m e we wi ll ca ll Tra di ti on

( oB k
o VI ,
“
D e A u m e n t i s,
g .
”
p 25 8 ,
R e fe r e n c e t o t he .

Pla t fo rm or De si gn Of t hi s B koo w ill S ho w t hi s t i t l e e m b ra c e s

the en ti re S i xth B ook . B e side s , t he se C o l o u rs Of G ood a nd v

E i l,
”

An t i t he ta ,
”
a nd
“
M i n o r F o rm ul ae c om e u n de r The Wi sdom
of P r i va te Sp eech, a nd I
de f a n o n e t o e xp la i n t hi s y y e x c e pt a s a n

e s o t e ri c do c t ri n e fo r t ho s e w ho c a n
p i erc e t he e i l,
a v n d se e w ha t

Thi s i s a t ta c h e d t o t h e o pe n i n g o f the A n t i the t a

Pr o ver bi s l egi s .

No n e st i n t erpre ta t i o , se d di vi n a t i o , qu ae re c e di t a li t era
Cu m re c e di t u r a l i t era ,
x
j u de t ra n si t i n l egi sl a t o re m .

Pr o sen te n ti a legi s .

Ex o m n ib u s v erb is e st e li c i e n du s s e n su s qu i i n t e rpre t a t u r si n gu l a .
 B A C O IVS G E O R G I CS O F T H E AI I ND
’
1 2 4 .

B a con ll
i m pli e s by i t
r ea y W hy s ho u ld t he si m ple p ros a nd .

co ns o f Rhe t o ri c b e t hu s a t t ri bu t e d to a se c re t or rese rved me tho d

Di re c t l yw e st u d y th e ir t i t le s , o u r su s
pi c i o n s a re do u b l y a r o u se d,
fo r P ri de , Re v en
g e, En vy ,
Lo v I e,
g n ra t i t u de , Va i n G lo r
-
y ,
Di s
s i m ul a tio n , B o ldn e s s , F la t t e r y ,
F ri e n dshi p, S u spi c i o n , a re n ot

o nl y to be r e fo u n d a s E ssa y s, bu t c o m m o n se n se-
t e lls us a re

t he Colo urs, P a ssion s, or Afi ec ti on s a t the bottom Of Co medy a nd

Tra gedy They a re the p a i n ts i n whi ch the Dra ma ti c A r tis t dip s his
.

bru sh o r p en B
A n d i f a c o n w a n t e d t o p o i n t a t t he T hea t re ,
.

e i t he r i n di r e c t l y
t hro u gh t he Essa s, o r di re c t l wi t ho u t t he m , y y
w ha t i n de e d c o u ld be a de e p e r hi n t fo r t he pl y a ll s ca ed S ha k e

sp ea re s ?
’
It i s su sp i c i o u s e n o u
gh B a c o n sele c s t j t th
us e s e su b e c t s j
x m pl A d i t i f m
fo r e a es . n s a r o r e su sp i c i o u s he ca l ls t he m “
see ds
”

or ki t b s v ll d e n s,
”
o e u n ra e e a s P ro mp tua ry P la ces f
o S u gges ti on .

(B k VI p 300 A dv
oo m .
, .
,
a n ce e n t O f L ea r n i n g,

W h v l wh e i b i a e e se ere , n a r e f ma n n e r, dra w n a tt en tion t o a

fe w Of t he pr o m i n e n t t e x t s Of t he E s sa y s, t o be r e fo u n d i n t he
se rm o n s O f t he pla y s . NO do u b t w i t h pa t i e n c e a n d i n du st r y th e

e n t i re Essa y s a nd t he i r c u e s, t he
“
A n ti the ta ,
”
a re to b e t hu s
u n ra v e l le d a n d a ppli e d t o c ha ra c t e rs O f t he F o li o P la s, 1 6 2 3 y .

La m a rti n e wri t e s : “
It i s a s a m o ra li st t ha t S ha e sp ea re k
e x c e ls . Hi s w o r k s ca n n o t fa i l t o e le v a t e t he m i n d by t he

pu r i t y of t he m o ra ls t he yi n c u l ca te . T he y b rea t he so st ro n g a

b e li e f i n vi rt u e , S O s t ea dy a n adhe re n c e t o go o d p ri n c i ple s, un i t e d
to su c h a vi
gorou s t o n e o f ho n o u r, a s t e s t i e s t o t he a u t ho r s
’
fi
e x c e lle n c e a s a m o ra li s t ; na
y ,
a s a Chri st i a n .
(Qu o te d in
D o n n e ll y ’
s G re a t
It i s a s a m o ra li st t ha t B a co n i s p re e m i n e n t i n t he
-
De A u g “

m e n t i s,
”
t he se v en th bo o kt rea t i n g o f m o ra li t , t he e i ght h b oo y k
c o n ta i ni n g no le ss t ha n T hi r t yF -
o ur Pa ra bl e s fro m t he Pro v e rb s

of S o l o m o n , w i t h t he i r e xp l i ca t i o n s, a nd t he ni n th bo o k dea li n g
wi t h I n sp i r e d v
Di i n i t y . T he w o r k O pe n s w i t h t he idea O f sa c ri

fic e , psi i
g gn o t
r n
u o f “
dev o u t c he e rful n e ss,
”
t he w o r k e n ds wi th
t he sa m e s i ri t O f sa
p cr ifi ce a n d a y
p ra e r t o G o d T he Tw o .

B k oo s Of t he A dv a n c em en t of Lea rn i n
g
”
c o n c lu de w i t h Di i n e v
 B A C ON S G E OR G I C S O F TH E M I N
’
1 2 5
”
L e a rn i n g The ma tter revea led, The na ture o f the reve la ti on .

A n d i n b o t h t he s e w o r k s t he T he o lo gi c a l e le m e n t i s m o st e vi

de n t , a nd p re do m i na tes o v er t he pr o fa ne ma t t e r t r e a t e d t he r e i n .

S o lo m o n i s B ’
i n spi r e d pr o t o t p e , a n d w e a r e n o t a t a ll c e r
a con s y
y
t a i n he di d n o t i de n t if hi m se lf t o so m e de gre e w i t h hi m Fo r .

i n c e rta i n phi lo so p hi c a l t ra c t s he r e p e a t e dl i n t ro du c e s t he e x y
”
p re ssi o n my son , w hi c h, a s he ha d n o so n s o f hi s ow n , m u st b e
u n de rs t o o d
p hil o so hi c a ll
p y ,
or fr o m t he s t a n dp o i n t Of a b ro t her
ho o d or c ra ft . He ca lls hi s Thi rt y v
-
se en th De fi ci en t,
“
The
m e t ho d b e q u ea t he d t o t he son s o f S a p i en ce .
”
T hi s a t o n c e re c a lls
t he Pro v e rb s a nd la n
g ua
g e of So lo m o n
1 . M y son , if t ho u w i lt re c e i v e m y w o rds ; a nd hi de m y c om

ma n dm e n t s w i t h t he e ,
2 . S O t ha t t ho u i n c li n e t hi n e ea r u n to wi sdom , a nd a ppl y t hi n e

he a r t t o u n de r s ta n di n
g ( P r o e rb s i i 1, v .

The r e s e m b la n c e o f s o m e o f t he pla y i pl t
s n o a nd i n c ide n t s t o

p a ra bl e s o f S c ri pt u r e m u st ha e st ru c v k v y th
e er o u gh t fu l r e a de r .

T he i n t ro du c t i o n o f t he t hre e c a s k t i th
e s n e
“
M e rc ha n t of

Ve n i c e c l o se l y r e se m bl e s t he pa ra ble Of
“
T he P e a rl of G re a t
P ri c e
”
M
( a t t he w x iii 4 5 ,
.
“
M ea su r e fo r M e a su r e ho lds
so m e p a ra ll e l t o t he P a ra bl e of
“
The T a l e n t s .
”
F o r t he ki n
g
do m of he a v e n i s a s a ma n t ra v e lli n g i n to a fa r coun try ,
w ho c a ll e d

hi s o w n se rva n t s a n d de li vered u n to them hi s goods . An d u n to on e

he ga ve fi v e t a l e n t s, t o a n o t he r tw o, a nd to a n o t he r o n e , t o e er v y
ma n a c c o rdi n g t o hi s se v e ra l a bi li t y a n d stra i ghtwa y took hi s j ou r
n ey .
”
We i n t he pla
fi n d t he D u k
do i n g e x a c t l t hi s w i t h r e
e y y
a rd t o A n e l o —d e l i e ri n v
u n t o hi m hi s go o ds o r go e rn m e n t v
g g g
a n d s t ra i ght w a p re ten di y
n g to ta ke hi s j our n ey i n to a fa r cou n try .

A n d t hi s ide a i s b o rn e ou t by t he i n t e rp re t a t i o n of t he p a ra b le ,
w hi c h o f c ou r s e i s t ha t w e m u s t t u r n our t a le n t s a nd
gi ft s to

a c c ou n t . S e e ho w t hi s k e y -
n ote i s s t ru c k by t h e Du k e i n a lm o st
t he fi r s t l i n e s o f t he p l a y
T hy sel f a n d t hy b e l o n gi n g s
Are n ot t hi n e ow n so pro pe r, a s t o w a s t e
v
T h y se l f u po n t h y i rt u e s t h e y o n t h e e
v
H e a e n dot h w i t h u s, a s w e w i th t orc h es do ,
 B A C ON S G E O R G I C S O F T H E M I ND
’
.

Not l i ght themf or the ms el ves f or if o u r vi r tu es

Di d n o t go f or th of u s t wer e a l l a l i ke
’

,
’
A s if w e ha d the m n o t : Sp i r i ts a re n o t fi n e l y tou c h d
B u t to fi n e i ssu es n o r n a tu re n e e r l e n ds v
The sm a l les t
pl e o f he r e c e ll e n c e ,
s c ru x
Bu t l i k e a t hri ft y g odde ss sh e de t e rm in es
H e rs e lf t he gl o ry o f a c re di to r
B o t h t ha nk s a n d u se .

“
( M ea sure for M ea su re , a ct i . sc .

IS n ot t he pa ra bl e fu r t he r hi n t e d a t i n A n ge l o
’
s re pl y —w e

m ea n the ta len t as a p i e ce of mone y or a coi n

A n ge l o . No w go od m y Lo rd,
Le t t h e re b e s o m e m o re t e s t m a de of m y m e ttl e ,
B e fo re s o n o b l e a n d so grea t a fi gu re
’
Be sta mp t up on it .

(A c t i . so .

T he a u t hor s e e m s t o ha ve ha d a pi e c e of m on e yi n hi s m i n d

p e rha p s a n a n gel Bu t t he re i s t he pa ra ble b o t h i n t he t e xt a n d

i n t he m a i n idea o f t he pl o t c o n st ru c t i o n , w i t h t he a l t e ra t i o n t ha t

t he Du k e, i n st e a d o f a ctu a ll yg oin
g on hi s j o u rn e y , pla y s t he pa rt

Of a n i n v i si bl e , u bi q u i t o u s, a n d a ll -
se e i n
g P r o v i de n c e , w ho sea r c he s

ou t t he t ho u ght s a nd w ic k e d a c ts o f hi s v
se r a n t s , w hi lst t he y
i m a gi n e hi m ab se n t ; t he e n d b e i n g t o p u n i sh t he wi c e d k
s er v a nt w ho ha s m i su se d t he t ru st c o m m i t t e d t o hi m , a n d t o
r e w a rd t he go o d . T he re ca n b e li t t le do u b t t he e t hi ca l m ot i v e

of t hi s p la y ,
i s t o t ea c h, t ha t t o t he a ll -
se e i n
g ey e of Pro v ide n c e
n o t hi n g ca n b e bi d . An d se e ho w B a c on re p ea ts a ll t hi s i n
o t he r fo rm s i n hi s Essa y s, pa rt i c u la r c o n de m n i n
g Sly
e l fis hn e ss

or
“
Wi sdo m fo r a ma
’
n s s e lf
”
. In t hi s Es sa he w r i t e s : y
“
An a nt is a wi s e c rea t u re fo r i t se lf ; bu t i t i s a shre w d t hi n g

in a n o rc ha rd o r g a rde n . An d c e rt a in l y m en t ha t a re
grea t
l ov e rs of t he m se l v es wa s te the p ubli c . It i s a p oor ce n tre of a
ma
’
n s a c ti ons H I M S EL F . I t is right ea rth . Fo r t ha t o n l s ta n ds y
fa st u po n hi s ow n c e n t re ; w he r ea s a ll t hi n gs tha t ha ve a fi n i ty
wi th the hea vens m ove up on the ce n tre o f a no the r, whi ch they be ne t fi .

B a con s
’
i ro n y wi t h re
ga rd t o t he a n t i s p re t t y se v e re . The
a nt ma k e s sa d ha v oc i n t he ga rde n , w hi lst s e e i n g k on ly i ts o wn
 ”
B A C ON S G E OR G I CS O F T H E M I ND
’
. 1 2 7

e n ds A n d w e m a y gu e ss w ha t
. a c o n i n fe r s w i t h r e a rd t o
g B
hi m se lf, w he n he sa s, “
y
It i s a bl e sse d t hi n g t o ha v e a m i n d
c o n c e n t ri c w i t h t he o rb of t he uni v ers e . A ga i n , “
Bu t t he
c o r ru
p t e r
p o li t i c s, t ha t ha e n o t t he i r m i n ds i n st i t u t e d
so r t of v
a n d e sta bli she d i n t he t ru e a ppr e he n s i o n o f du t i e s, a n d t he c o n

v y
I

t e m p la t i o n o f go o d i n t he u n i e rsa li t , refe r a ll thi n gs to the m

’
selves a s if they were the world s ce n tre, a n d tha t the co ncu rren ce of
a ll li n es sho u ld tou ch i n the m a nd thei r fortu n es ; n e v er c a ri n g

in a ll t e m p e s t w ha t b e c o m e s of t he s hi y
p , s o t he m a y r e t i r e
a nd sa v e t he m se l v es in t he coc kb oa t o f t he i r o w n fo rt u n e ”

”
De A u gm e n t i s, p 23, .

I w o u ld o b se r e t ha t t he do c t ri n e v of G o o d b e i n g de ri v ed

o u t of v
E i l, a n d t ha t m a n s e n ds a r e
’
v
i n i si b l y di d b y su pre m e
re c t e

P ro v i de n c e , se em s p r e fi gu re d in t he su b s t i t u t i o n o f M a ri a n a

fo r I
b e lla , by w hi c h t h e p u rp o se d
sa si n of A n ge l o b e c o m e s a n

i n st ru m e n t o f r e st i t u t i o n a n d ri ght . In “
All s
’
W e ll t ha t E n ds

W e ll ll e l— H e l e n a (li k e M a ri a n a ) x
”
we fin d a
p a ra e c ha n i
g gn

ri d
e w i t h Dia na in o rde r to i
g n he r hu sba n d
re a The r e c a n .

b e li t t l e dou b t i n t he c ha ra c t e r o f Di a n a
(a n d i n he r n a m e ) ,
t he a u t ho r i n t e n de d t o pi c t u r e C ha s t i t y a nd Vi rt u e , j u st a s

we r e fi n d i t i n t he c ha ra c t e r o f sa b e lla I . Vi rtue a nd Vi ce a re

m a de , i n sho rt , to c ha n
g e pa r t s i n b o t h t h e s e c a se s . Si n or the
i n te n ti on to si n , b ri n gi n g g o o d o u t o f e v il, m a n
’
s i n di v idu a l sel fi sh

e n ds bein g c ha n ge d to ser v e t he sup re m e p u rp oses of t he Al

m i ght y ,
a s w e p erc e i v e i n t he s e cr e t a y
g e n c o f t he Du e i n M ea k
s ur e fo r M e a su r e .
”
B a con
gi v es u s a hi n t w h e n h e w ri t e s :

“
Al so t he q u e st i o n c on tro v e rt e d w i th su c h he a t b e tw e e n t he
s c ho o l s Of Z en o a nd S o c ra t e s, on t he on e si de , w ho pla c e d
F e li c i t yi n Vi rt u e si m pl e or a t t e n de d, w hi c h ha t h a
g re a t sha r e
i n t he Du ti es of L ife : a nd on t he o t he r s i de , o t he r se c t s a n d
p r o fe s si o n s , a s t he s c ho o l s of t he Ci re n a i c s a nd Ep i c u r e a n s, w ho
l c ed it in l d m de Vi t — i t i s us ed i n som e
p a p e a su r e ,
a n a r u e a s

Com edi es whe re the m i stress a n d the ma id cha n ge ha bi ts— t o b e bu t

a s a ha dm a id, w i t ho u t w hi c h p l e a su r e c a n n o t b e w e ll w a i t e d
n

“
a nd a t t e n de d u p o n (Li b VI I D e Au m en tis
g .
, p 339 , .
.
 G E O R G I C S O F T H E M IND
’
1 2 8 B A C O IV S .

In t he “
Two B k oo s Of t he A d v a n c em e n t
(1 605 ) e
w rea d
“ ”
S ome Comedi es f E rrors T hi s si m il e re fi n d i n Ci c e r o
’
o . we s
” “
D e Fi n i bu s ( C o n c e rn i n
g t he E n ds o f Thi n s G o o d a n d
g
In t he ne x t pla c e , by t he c o n c u rr e n c e O f t he Vi rt u e s w hi c h

r ea s o n t e rm s t he Mi stress of a ll (t ho u gh y o u c o n t e n d t he y a re

bu t t he p a ges a nd ha n dma i ds of p lea su re )

”
De F i n i bu s,
”
oo B k II .

ch . a c on B
w ri t e s :
“
Vi c e i t se lf a ssu m e s t he s ha pe a nd
”
sha do w o f vi r t u e .

S se pe l a t e t vi t i um pro xi m i t a t e b o n i .

d E vi l
”
C o lo u r s of Good a n ,

In “
M u c h A do a bo u t No t hi n g w e ha v e t he ha n dm a id (M a r

of H e ro c ha n r— t ha t
ga re t
) i
g g p
n l a c e s w i t h h e i s, a c ti n g he r
m i st re ss . T he r e s u l t i s t ha t H e ro a
pp e a rs i n t he e y es of he r
fa t he r, Cla u di o , a s ta i n t e d . Vi rt u e ha s c ha n
g e d p la c e s w i t h i c e v .

T hi s p la y ma y r i ght l y be e n t i t le d a
“
y
Co m e d O f Erro rs ”
. I
v e n t u re t o t hi n k t he r e i s s o m e t hi n
g i n t hi s i de a ,
w hi c h m i ght be
fu r t he r w o r k ed ou t .F o r by t hi s Sim
p l e a nd c le v er a rt i fi ce

we di s c o v e r t he fu ll w o r i n gs a n d k e ffe c t s of a pp ea ra n ce , or of

a cti n g, a n d t he di sa st ro u s c o n se q u en ces of vi ce w he n i t ta k es t he

p la ce of v i rt u e . B a c on ha s re v e rs e d t he p r o c e ss he q u otes .

I n s t ea d of v i rt u e b e i n g t he ha n dm a id of vi c e, he ha s i n t hi s
Co m e d y ,
m a de vi c e t he ha n dm a i d Of vi rt u e , to S ho w ho w su
p re m e

a nd b ea u t ifu l v i rt u e is if u na tte n ded . The re i s a n o t he r m o ra l

s e e m i n gl y e m bra c e d i n t hi s c ha n
g e o f c ha ra c t e rs . In t hi s w o rld
i t is v er y ea s y fo r n ot o nl y vi ce to a pp ea r v ir t u o us , bu t e a si e r

fo r v i rt u e to a pp ea r vi c io u s . Fo r a
pp e a ra n c e s
g o o ft e n fu r t he r
t ha re a li t i e s ,
p e o ple h
se e i n
a v e n e i t he r t i m e l i e
n
g , e su r ,
n o r

fi
s u f c i e n t p e n e t ra t i o n t o a l w a s r i ht l
g y
ga u ge c ha ra c t e r o r m o t i e y v .

A n ho n e st c ha ra c t e r i s fa r m o r e li e l t o la y i t se lf o pe n t o k y
c e n s u re a nd its e n e m i e s, t ha n a c ra ft y m a n of t he w o rld w ho

p la y s hi s ca rds w e ll . Ki n g L ea r is e n t i re l y de c e i v ed by t he
a c ti n g o f Re ga n a nd G o n e ril, a nd t he S ile n c e Of C o rde li a i s con

Poo r h o n es t L ord, b ro u gh t l o w by his ow n h e a rt ,

U n do n e by go odn ess .

“
( Ti m o n Of A t hen s , a ct iv . so .
 G E O R G I C S O F T H E M I ND
’
B A C OIVS . 1 2 9

st ru e d t he o pp o si t e wa y . O t he llo a nd De sde m o n a a re t he
vi c tim s of I a
g o s
’
a cti n g i n t he sa m e wa y . T im o n of A t he n s
i s t he v i c ti m o f t he fl a tt e r y of hi s fri e n ds, i m a gi n i n g t he yp o ss e ss

a s
g e n e ro u s a na ture a s hi s own . The w ho l e of Et hi c t u rn s u po n

t he c o rr e sp o n de n c e of t he i n t e rn a l t o t he e x t e rn a l — bei n g a nd

a pp ea ra n ce . D o w de n de sc r i b e s t he a rt O f t he p la y s t hu s An
i n diffe r e n c e t o exte rn a ls in c o m p a r i so n wi t h t ha t w hi c h i s of t he
i n vi si ble life ”
S ha k e sp e a r e s
’
Min d p ,
”
.

It i s j u st t hi s pre fe re n c e or pre do m i n a n ce of t he i n vi si ble,

i n teri or life a n d rea li ty, w hi c h c o n st i t u t e s t he spl e n do u r a n d
gl or y
of t he s e pla y s . It i s t hi s w hi c h e st a bli she s t he se w o r k s in our

he a r t s a s hou s e ho ld w o rds— a se c o n d B i bl e, w he r e t ho s e w ho a re

in so rro w di st r e ss m a y fi n d t he m se lv e s
or T h e a c t i n g i s t he .

w o rld, b u t t he r e a li t y
i s a n a t o m i z e d, a n d w e m a y b e su re a c on B
ha s c a rri e d t hi s pr i n t o f t ru t h a n d g o o dn e ss (fo r he sa s, “
they y
a re on e v er ym u ch fu rt he r t ha n we a s
y e t ca n ha v e t he fa i n t e st

ide a . T he ra t i o n a li sm of t he se pla y s, whi ch i s on ly a qu estion

of ti m e, a n d of t he ppli c a t i o n o f t he
a a c o n ia n phi l o so ph t o B y
t he m , w ill re v ea l t he v o i c e o f t he De a d, s p e a i n g t o u s i n n o k
u n c e rt a in t o n e s . H o w fa ta l t he de c e i t fu l n e ss o f e x t e rn a l s, pro
t e st a t i o n s, a n d a c tin
g a re i n li fe , i s su m m e d u
p i n t he p l a o f y
“
Ki n g L e a r,
”
w ho i s n ot t he on l yf o ol in t he w o rld w ho b e li e v e s

a l l he h e a r s or w ha t he se e s a lo n e .

Cor d . Wh a t sh a l l C o rde l i a do ? Lo v e a nd b e si len t .

L ea r . Le t i t b e so thy tr u th the n be thy do wer .

Ki n g L e a r, a ct i . so .

B a c o n , u n de r t he he a di n g a rgu e s t he p ro a nd

co n tra of S i len ce . The pla y of

“
Ki n g L e a r
”
ma y a lm o st b e
ca ll e d a t ra gi c s e rm o n on t hi s t e t x . For n o t hi n
g i s m o re i n
c o n t ra st t ha n t he q u a city p ro t e s t a t i o n s
a nd o f lo v e (t o w a rds

t he i r fa t he r) of Re ga n a n d G o n e r i l , wi t h t he si len ce of C o r de li a .

S e e w ha t B a c on w ri t e s Of I n
gra t i t u de ( a n d i t m a y b e re c a lle d
“
a nd comm i ts su i ci de
G o n e ril p oi son s her si ster
) . T he c ri m e o f
“
S i len ce i s a ca n did a te f or T r u th
 B A C ON S G E 0 1 ? G J GS O F TH E M I ND
’
x30 .

i n gra t i t u de i s n ot t o be re p re ss e d by pu n i shm e n t s , bu t to be referred

over to the Fur ies (I n
gra t i t u de , A n t i t he ta ,
”

Fr o m a n e a rl y a
ge B a con se e m s t o ha ve b e e n i m b u e d wi t h
t he s e e t hi ca l i dea p o i n t i n g t o t he c o m m o n w e lfa re o f m e n
s For .

”
in on e of hi s ea rli e st c o m o si t i o n s w e fi n d
p Ph i la u ti a , o r S elfish

ness, i n t ro du c e d i n a by no m ea ns fa v o u ra b le a s
p e c t . B a con s
’

o wn life w i t h re
ga rd to a ll t hi s ha s
y e t t o b e w ri t te n —by hi m
sel f . We a re c o n vi n c e d he so u
ght p o w e r i n o r de r t o c o m m a n d

w i ts a nd m ea ns fo r hi s li t e ra ry a n d phil o s o p hi ca l e n ds ra t he r

t ha n fo r i t s e lf or him se lf . He say s i n t he Ad v a n cem en t,

”
t ha t

t he socie ty se l f or extern a l se l f is a p a rt a n d a no the r thi n g a ltogether

f rom the i n te ri or ( or true ) ma n . A n d i n t hi s re m a r kw h

e ca n s e e e re

ga rde d t he Wo rld o f A c t i o n a s a S t a g e w he r e e ver y m m t pl y a n us a

a p a rt . A n d i s t hi s n ot t ru e 2 If w e r e fu s e to pl y p t i li f
a a a r n e

(or supp ress sa y a p a rt) , w e v y er so o n fin d o u rs e lv ly l k

es on oo e rs

On . Fo r a s lo n g a s m en a re m en , a nd li fe i s w ha t i t i s, t o m e e t
t ho s e on e qua l t e rm s w ho a re n o t b e t t e r, a nd p e rha
ps e v en w o rse

t ha n o u rse lv e s, w e m u st c a rr y a ma s k O f r e se r e , a v nd c o n fo rm to

t he w o rld s w a
’
y s . B a c on , we v e n t u re to gge st , c o n fo rm e d t o
su

t he uni v e rsa l i n sa n ity Of hi s a

g e . He t ri e d p la i n sp ea i n g a n d
-
k
ho n e s t s
p e e c h,
a nd fou n d d t o pr e fe rm e n t t ha t w a y
n o ro a He .

sa w fl a t t er y a n d se r v y ili t a n d i n t ri gu e w e re t he o n l pa t hs t o y
ho n o u r . He sa w a g re a t
g o o d m i ght c o m e o f a l i t t l e w ro n ,
g
a nd he c ho s e t hi s w ay . In r e fle c t i n g u p o n B a c on s
’

p o li t i ca l

l i fe a n d c ha ra c t e r, c ri t i c s ha v e w r i tt e n a s i f he li v e d i n a P a la ce

Of T ru t h . T he y fo rge t Eli za b e t h s Co u r t
’
a nd he r su c c e ss o rs

wa s ful l of i n t ri gu e , c ro o k ed wa y s, a n d ho n e st y ca rr i e d o n t he

sl e e v e a di s qu a li fie r fo r a dv a n cem en t . B a con w ho w ri t e s is
q u i te a n o t he r ma n fro m t he B a con w ho a cts . In t he fo rm e r w e
ha v e the rea l m a n , i n t he l a t t e r t h e m a n of t he w o r ld p la yi n
g hi s
pa r t ,
w he r e a ll i s a c tin g . H e pr o ba bl y s aw no m o re im m o

“
For g o o d t h o u gh t s (t h ou gh G o d a c c e pt t h e m ) , y e t t o w a rds m e n a re

”
x
l i t t le b e t t er t h a n g o o d drea m s, e c e pt t h e y b e pu t i n a c t , a n d tha t ca n no t be
“
w i thou t p o wer a n d p la ce , a s the va n ta ge a n d co m m a n di n g gr ou nd ( Of
G re a t Pla ce
 B A C ON S G E OR G I CS O F T H E M IND
’
.

ra li t y i n t hi s dou ble li fe t ha n m o st m e n do w ho do n ot ca rr y
wi n do w s i n t he ir br ea st s, t he q u e st i o n of m ora li t y b ei n g o ft e n

m o re m a t t e r Of de gre e t ha n pri n c i ple T he m a n Of ho n e st he a rt

.

w ho fi n ds hi m se lf fa l l e n a m o n gst di sho n e st p e o pl e o r t hi e e s, v
m a y b e w e ll pa rdo n e d pla yi n
g a rOl e t o be on fa i r t e rm s wi t h
t he m .

It se e m s to us in “
M ea su r e fo r M ea su r e w e ha v e re fl e ct e d

in t he p e rs o n of A n ge l o , a nd in t he i n c i de n t of t he su b

st i t u t i o n Of Ma ri a n a fo r I sa b e ll a ,
a l e ss o n of e xt ra o rdi na r y
su
gge st i o n a n d e t hi ca l i n st ru c t i o n F o r i t i s i n t he p o w e r o f
.

”
Pro v i de n c e t o sha p e o u r e n ds, r o u gh h e w t he m ho w w e w ill .

Ev il o ft e n i s fo llo w e d by go o d, e v en a s da y fo llo w s ni
ght , a nd

sp ri n w i n t er
g .

The sup reme good i s u n do u b t e dl y e x t ra c t e d o u t Of t hi n gs e v i l,

t he e v il o f t he pr e se n t m o m e n t b e i n g t he pro ge n i t o r of go o d
fu t u re .

v
Vi rt u e i t se lf t ur n s i c e , b e i n g m i sa ppli e d
A n d vi c e so m e t i m e s b y a c t i o n di gn i fi e d .

Ro m eo a n d u li e t , J a ct ii . so .
‘

The re i s no vi c e s o s i m pl e bu t a ssu m es

S o m e m a sk of vi t
r u e on hi s o u t w a rd
pa rt .

M e rc h a n t o f Ve n i c e, a ct iii . so .
 C H AP T ER VI .

B A CO N A ND S ENE C A .

GIho ma s la s well to g a u nt
‘
.

To

T rv e No bi li t y a nd y
Tr de L ea rn n i g

B e ho lde n

Fra n c i s, L o rd Ve ru la m , a nd Vi sc o u n t S t Alba n es .

0 gi u e m e l e s n e t o pu ll t h e c u rta i n e by ,
Tha t c l o u ds t hy Wo rt h i n su c h o b sc uri t y
G o o d S e n e c a , s t a y b u t a w hi l e t h y bl e e di n g
T
’
a cce
pt w h a t I rec e i u ed a t t hy Re a di n g
I
H e re pre se n t i t i n a s o l e m n e s t ra yn e

I
A n d t h u s pl u c k e t his c u rta yn e ba c k e a
ga in s .

(Fro m
“
T he A t to vr n e y s A ca de m ’
y , by Th o m a s P o w e ll : 3rd
e di t i o n ,

It by a knower of Ba con s
’
se e m s t o u s t he se li n e s w e r e i n di t e d,

rea l dra ma ti c di sgu i se a n d con cea lme n t, behi n d the c u rta i n of the
S ha kespe a re Thea tre The . re fe re n c e t o S e n e ca is s t ri ki n
g . Be
ca u s e G e rv i n u s a fim
f r s t he a u t ho r of t he pla y s wa s t ho ro u ghl y
a c q ua i n t e d, a nd y
pro fo u n dl i m b u e d, wi t h t he wri t in gs o f bo t h
S e n e ca a n d P la u t u s G e rv i n u s m a i n ta i n s Pla u t us a n d Se n e ca
.

w e re Sha k e sp ea r e s
’
ide a ls .
“
If S ha k e sp ea re ha d ha d o c ca si o n

a t a n
y t i m e to na me his idea l, a nd t o de n o t e t he hi ghe st e xa m pl e s

of dra m a t i c a rt w hi c h la y b e fo re him , he wo u ld ha ve na med non e

”
bu t P la u tus a nd S ene ca .

The li n e

Le t m e l o dge Li c h a s
’
on t h e h o rn s o t he m o o n ,
An to n y a nd Cl e o pa t ra , a ct iv . se .
 B A C O N A ND S E NE C A . 1 33

wa s su pp o s e d by Wa rbu rt o n t o be ta k en fro m S e n e ca
’
s Her
c u le s .
”
C e rt a i n i t i s, S e n e c a
’
s w or k s w e re a n e sp e c i a l st u d y
Of B a c o n s,
’
a nd it is j u st i n t he S e v en t h B k f oo o t he
“
De
A u gm e n t i s, w hi c h t rea t s of E thi c, t ha t he f q
re tl y u en c it es fro m
hi m . For e xa m pl e Ve r é ma gn u m ha b ere fra gi li ta t e m
ho m i n i s s e cu ri ta t e m De i . Vi ta si n e pr o p o si t o la n gu i da e t a ga v
e st
”
(
“
Se n e c . in “
D e Pa rt i bu s i t ae u i s u e de v q q
li b e ra t , de su mm a n em o
”
(
“
De B v re . v i t ae
”
) ( pa ge s 336, 34 3,
35 1 , Ad v a n c em e n t o f Lea rn i n
g,
”

In t he S i x t h B k oo of t he
“
Ad v a n c em e n t of L e a rn i n g (1 62 3
a nd we fi d B
n a con
gi vi n g u s a c o ll e c t i o n o f
“
A n ti theta ,

w hi c h ty v ”
a re fo r -
se en i n n u m b e r, wi t h ea c h a pr o a nd
“
c o n t ra .
”
B a con wr i t e s :
“
A co llec ti on f
o thi s na tu re w e fin d
i n S e n e ca ,
b u t i n S u pp o si t i o n s o n l y or Ca ses Of t hi s s o rt
(i n

re
g a rd we v
ha e m a n re a d y
pr e pa y re d), w e t ho u ght go o d t o
se t do wn so m e of t he m for e xa m pl e ; t he se w e ca ll A n ti theta
Reru m ”
(B k VI oo .
, p 300,
.
“
Ad v a n c em en t of L e a rn i n g, ”

In a c o ll e c t i o n of t he t hi rd gro u p of Essa y s, p u bli she d 1 61 2 ,

w e fin d on e Of Lo v e, w hi c h w a s a lt e re d i n t he 1 6 2 5 ( ri t i sh B
M u se u m c op y) e di t i o n . The 1 6 1 2 Essa y O p e n s,
“
Love i s t he
a r um en t
g a lw a y s of Come di es, a nd ma n y tim e s of Tra gedi es .
”

“
In t he 1 62 5 Edi t i o n t hi s i s c ha n
g e d in to, The S ta ge i s m o r e
b e ho ldi n g t o L ove t ha n t h e li fe of ma n . F o r a s t o t he S ta ge,
Lo v e is e v er m a t t er of Comedi es a n d n ow a n d t he n o f Tra gedi es .
”

In t hi s E ssa yw e r ea d: “
It i s a po o r sa yi n
g Of Ep i c u ru s, S a ti s ‘

ma gn u m a lter a lteri Thea tru m su m us (w e a re a su ffi c i e n t l

gr ea t y
T h e a t r e , t he on e to t he o t he r ) . S en e ca q u o t e s t hi s i n hi s
Ep i st l e (i . a sc ri bi n
g i t t o Epi c u r u s S e n e ca i s r e p ea t e dl. y
q u ot ed b
y B a con in t he
“ ”
y
E ssa s, a n d t hi rt e e n t i m e s i n t he
1 64 0 “
Adv a n c em e n t of L ea rn i n
g
”
(s e e I n de x ) . D i re c t l
'
y we

r e ca ll t he Co m e di e s of t he Fo li o , w e fi n d t he m de a li n g m o st ly

wi t h L o v e, bu t i t i s n ot so a ppa re n t i n t he T ra ge di e s e x c e pt

in O t he ll o ,
” “
T r o i lu s a nd Cr e ssi da ,
”
a nd
“
An t o n y a nd
” “
Cl e o pa t ra . It i s t he m a i n t he m e of t he Tw o G e n t lem e n of

Ve ro n a , ”
of t he “
M e rr y Wi v e s ,
”
of
“
M e a su r e fo r M e a su re , ”
 x34 B A C O N A ND S E NE CA .

of
“
M u c h Ado a bo u t No t hi n g O f ,
” “
Lo v ’
e s La bo ur s
’
L o st ,
of
“
A M idsu m m e r Ni ght s Drea m ’

,
of
“
The M e rc ha nt of

Ve n i c e ,
”
Of
“
A s Yo u Li k e It , ”
of
“
T he Ta m i n g of t he S hr e w ,
”

of
“
Al l s
’
We ll t ha t En ds We ll ,
”
of
“
T w e lft h Ni ght ,
”
a nd of
“
T he Wi n t e r s ’
T a le , ”
b u t i n t he c hr o n i c l e p la s it is on l y y
i n c i de n ta ll y i n t ro du c e d . In “
Ti m o n Of At he n s, ” “
J u li us
C aesa r, ”
Ma c b e t h, ”
Ha m l e t , ” “
Le a r, y
i t pla s ha rdl y a ny

rOle a t a ll, so t ha t B a con s

’
di st i n c t i o n i p t ty
s re c o rr e c t , a nd

w he re he s t u di e d t he diffe re n c e s b e t w e e n C m dy o e a nd T ra ge d y
i n t hi s r e sp e c t we s ho u ld li k e to k n ow ?
In Ha m l e t P o lo n i u s m a k es t he sp e e c h The b e st a c t o rs

i n t he w o rld, e i t he r y
fo r Tr a ge d , Co m e d , Hi st o r , P a s t o ra l, y y
P a st o ra l Co m i ca l, -
Hi s t o ri ca l Pa sto ra l, T ra gi ca l H i st o ri ca l , T ra gi
- -

ca l Co m i ca l H i st o ri ca l Pa s t o ra l,
- - -
sc e n e i n di v i si ble , or Po em un

li m i t e d . S eneca ca n n o t b e t o o hea v y ,
P la u tus t o o li ght
n or .
”

In t he S e v e n t h B k oo Of t he
“
De A u gm e n t i s ”
( t ra n sla t i o n b y

G i lb e r t Wa t s ,
w hi c h (m a r k i t ) t rea t s of E thi c, a nd t he
“ ”
di verse c ha ra c te rs o
f di sp osi ti ons (p
’
me n s na tu res or . we

fin d a de c i de d pa ra lle l t o t hi s pa s sa ge So a m o n g t he
P o e t s, Heroi ca l, Sa tyri ca l, Tra gedi a ns, Come di a y ns, ou sha ll fin d
e v yw h
er e re t he i m a g es of wi t s, a l t ho u h c o m m o n l
g wi th excess, y
a nd beyon d the bou nds o f tru t (p . O n t he n e x t pa ge
“
Fo r w e se e Pla u tus m a k es it a w o n de r t o se e a n O ld

ma n b e n e fi c e n t , B en i gn i ta s qu idem huj us opp ido ut a dolesce n tu li

” “
e st
( M i l .

B a c on e v i de n t l y wa s st u d yi n
g c ha ra c t er i n Pla u tu s p re t t y
c l o se l y . Ho w Ba c o n s Ob s e r a
’
v t ion u po n e x c e ss fi n ds i t s pa ra lle l
i n Ha m l e t ’
s s
pe e c h t o t he P la y e rs Be n ot t o o ta m e n e i t he r,

bu t le t y ou r o wn di sc r e t i o n b e y o ur tu to r . S u i t t he a c t io n

t o t he w o rd, t he w o rd t o t he a ction , wi t h t hi s sp e c i a l o bs e rv a n c e

tha t you the modesty f

’
o erstep no t o na tu re .

T he s
pi ri t Of S e n e ca
’
s
“
m o ra ls
”
i s to b e re fo u n d B in a con s
’

Ad v a n cem en t of L ea rn i n
g ,
” “
De A u gm e n t i s
”
(B k oo

a nd in t he Es sa y s . S e n e ca v
gi e s a s e ri e s o f E y
ssa s u po n

“A n
g e r, c o n si st i n g o f v
t w e l e c ha p te rs, a nd B a c on gv
i e s us a n
 B A C ON A ND S E NE C A . 1 35

Essa y a l so u po n
“
A n ge r . Ho w m u c h B a c on wa s i n debt e d
t o Sen e ca
’
s
“
E pi st l e s is e v ide n t fro m t he ide n t i t y j
o f su b e c t s

a nd e v en t e rm s w hi ch he r e p ro du c e s . Fo r e xa m pl e , on e of

S e n e ca
’
s e pi st le s is pu on
“
Cu s t o m .
”
An o t he r i s “
Ev e r y Ma n
i s t he A r t i fi c e r o f hi s O w n F o rt u n e .
”
B a con s
’
t r e a tm e n t of
“
Cu s t o m , ”
b o t h i n hi s E ssa y a n d i n t he S e v e n t h B k oo
“
De
A u gm e n t i s, sho w s he ha d de e pl y ta k en to h e a rt S e n e ca
’
s

w ri t i n g s . A n o t he r E ssa y ( lso in t ro du c e d i n
a t he
“
De A u g
m en tis is u pon
“
F o rt u n e , ”
a nd it se e m s Si r Ni c ho la s a c o n B
wa s fo n d O f q u otin
g t he fo ll o w i n
g l i ne

F a ber qu i squ e fo rtu n es pro pri ae

(
“
Ad v a n c em en t Of L ea rn i n g, B k II
oo p .
,
. 9 3, F or i n
Fra gm e n ta Re ga l i a , by Na u n t o n , w e ”
r ea d (u n de r Si r Ni c hola s
B a con
) he w a s fo n d o f sa i n g y
Un u s qu is qu e su ae fo rt u n ae fa b e r .

S e n e ca
’ “
Epi st le s a r e w o n de rfu ll c l o se t o t he spiri t , i f n o t
s y
e v en t he y
st l e , o f m u c h o f
’
B ’
a c o n s w i sdo m , a n d S e n e ca s e n t i re

t e a c hi n g i s se lf sa crifice -
a nd p hi la n thropy, i n c u l c a t e d i n j u st t he

sa me re li gi o u s a nd philo so phi ca l w a y by a c on It i s B .
“
O ft e n

j
ob e ct e d t o m e, t ha t I
a dv i s e e
p po l e t o u i t t he w o rl d, t o q r e t i re

a nd c on t en t t he m s e lv es with a g ood c o n sc i e n c e . Bu t w ha t
be c om e s of y ou r pr e c e p t s t he n (sa y t he y) t h a t j
e n o in u s t o di e i n

a ct i on ? T O w ho m I m u st a n sw e r, T ha t I a m n ev er m o re i n
a ctio n t ha n w he n I
l o n e i n m y s t u d ; w he r e
a m a ha e o n l y I v y
y v
l o c k d u p m s e lf i n pri a t e , t o a t t e n d t he bu si n e ss o f t he pu bli c
’
.

I do n o t l o se so m u c h a s o n e da y ; n a y , a n d p a r t o f t he n i ght
t oo I
b o rro w fo r m y b o o Whe n m y k . y w i ll e es s e rv e me no

l o n ge r , I
fa ll a sl e e p , a n d t i ll t he n w or I k Ih v . a e r e t ire d m y se lf,

n ot on ly f ro m m e n , bu t fro m b u si n e ss a l so A n d m y o wn i n t he
fi rst , to a tte n d the
P oste ri ty, i n hop e servi ce o f tha t wha t I n o w wri te
”
ma y, i n some m e a su re, be p rofi tab le to fu tu re gen era ti on s (
E p i st l e

“
B
VI , T he l e ssi n gs o f a Vi rt u o u s Re t ir e m e n t
.
”
Ho w w e c o m e .

t o t he Kn o w l e dge of Vi rt u e .
”
S e n e ca
’
s
“
M ora l s, E v y
er

on e a c q ua i n t e d w i th B a c on s
’
w r i t i n gs m u st re c o
g n i se i n t he s e la st
1 36 E A C O N A ND S E NE C A .

w o rds w ha t B a c on y
i s p e rp e t ua ll r e pea t i n g fo r hi m s e lf .
“
B o rn

fo r t he s e rv c e i o f m a n i n d,
”
k
w ri t e s a c o n A n d i t i s a lwa B . y f s or

Aft e r A g e s,
”
P o st e r i t y ,
”
In hi s pre fa c e t o t he
he w ri t e s .

In s ta u ra t i o n
“
S o m e de m o n st ra t i o n o f hi s si n c e r e a n d pro
p e n se a ffe c t i o n t o p r o m o t e t he g o o d O f m a n in d
”
(p 3 ,
“
A d a nce k . v
m e n t o f L ea rn i n g ,
”
Tr u l y he e st e e m e d o t he r a m bi t i o n
w ha t s o e v er i n fe ri o r t o t he b u si n e ss he ha d i n ha n d fo r e i t he r t he

m a t te r i n c o n su l t a tion , a n d t hus fa
p r o se c u t e d, i s n o t hi n g, o r s o r

m u c h a s t he c o n sc i e n c e O f t he m e ri t i t se lf, o u ght t o gi e hi m c o n v
t en tm e n t ,
wi thou t seeki n g a recomp ense from a broa d (p 3, A d a n c e “
. v
m en t of L ea rn i n
g,
”
1 6 40) T hi s i s t ho r o u ghl y i n t he s ty l e of

S e n e ca . B a con w ri t e s It k a e Goodness i n t hi s se n s e t he a ffe c t »

ing of t he w e a l of m e n , w hi c h i s t ha t t he G r aec i a ns ca lle d

P hi la n throp i a ; a nd t he w o rd Hu ma li t t l e
n i ty (a s it is u se d
) is a

t o o li ght t o e x pr e ss it . Goodn ess I ca ll t he ha b i t , a n d Goodn ess o

f
Na tu re t he i n c li n a t i o n . Thi s, f a ll vi r tues a n d di gn i ti es of the m i n d
o ,

*
i s the grea test, bei n g the cha ra cter of the Dei ty A n d wi t ho u t i t .

M a n i s a b u s , m i s c hi e y v o u s, w re t c he d t hi n g, no b e t t e r t ha n a

ki nd of v e rm i n (
“
O f G o o dn e ss a nd G o o dn e ss of Na t u re
Aga i n , Th e i n c li n a t i o n t o Goodn ess i s i m pri n t e d de e p l y i n t he
na t u re of ma n, i n so m u c h t ha t , i f i t i s su e n ot t o w a rds m e n , i t w i ll

ta k e u n to o t he r li v i n g c rea t u re s : a s it is se e n i n t he T u r k s, a

c ru e l p e o pl e , w ho , ne v e rt he le s s , a re ki nd t o b ea st s, a n d v
gi e a lm s
to do gs a nd b i rds i n so m u c h a s Bu sbe c hi u s r e p o rt e t h, a Chr i st i a n
b o y i n C o n s ta nt nOi k
pl e ha d li e t o ha e b e e n st o n e d, fo r ga ggi n g i n v
” “
a w a ggi shn e ss a lo n g bill e d fo w l ( G o o dn e ss a n d G o o dn e ss o f
-

Na t ur e S e e ho w a ll t hi s i s r e e c ho e d
-
in “
Ti t u s A n dr o n i c u s
”

W i lt t h ou dra w n ea r t he na t u re of t he G ods ?
Dra w n ea r t h e m i n b e i n g m e rc i fu l .

S w e e t m e rc y i s ys t ru e ba dge
’
n o bili t .

(Ac t i . so .

S e n e ca
’
s l e t t ers u po n
“
Cru e lt y a nd u po n
“
C le m e n c y ( or

M e rc y ) a re r e e c ho e s
-
Of a ll t hi s . S e n e ca w ri t e s ' “
Tho u g h

Ea rt h l y po w e r do t h t h e n S ho w li k e st G o d s
’

W h e n m erc y sea so n s j u s t i c e .

M e rc h a n t Of V en ice, a ct iv . so .
 E A C O N A ND S E NE C A . 1 37

M e rc y a nd G e n t l e n e ss of Na t ur e k e eps a ll i n p e a c e a nd t ra n

q i lli t y
u ,
e v en in a c o t ta g e, ye t is i t m u c h m o re b e n e fi cia l a n d
c on s
p i c u o u s i n a p a la ce . C le m e n c y do e s w e ll wi t h a ll, bu t best
wi th P ri n ces .
’
C o m pa re w i t h t hi s t he c le m e n c y Of t he Pri n c e t o

S h lo c y k ,
a nd t he li n e s

The qu a l i t y of m erc y i s n o t st ra i n e d, &c .

In 1 5 9 1 , w he n B a con wa s t hi r t y -
on e , he w ri t e s t o L o rd Bu r
l e i gh :
“
T hi s, w he t he r i t b e c u ri o si t y or v i n glo r , o r n a t u r e ,
a y
or if on e ta k e i t fa v o u ra bl y ,
P hi la n thrOp ia i s so fixed i n m y m i n d
a s it ca n no t be re moved
”
W i t h t hi s sho u l d be c o u p le d

B a con s
’
de e pl gy i o u s sp i ri t , a s e v i n c e d i n hi s wr i t i n g s a n d t he
r e li

t e st i m o n y o f D o c t o r Ra w l e (
“
t hi y
s l o r d w a s r e li gi o u s
”
) t o t he

sa me e ffe c t . B a c on s
’
li fe ha d (w e gge st ) t w o di st i n c t e n ds a n d
su

two di st i n c t pha se s . On e w a s t he r e a l B
a c o n hi ms elf ( a s Dr

A b b o tt p u t s i t ), a lo n e li k e Se n e ca in hi s st u d y ,
w ri t i n g fo r
P o s t e ri t y a nd t he s e rv i c e of ma n ki nd . T hi s w a s t he c on t em

k
p l a t i v e l o o e r O n , t he t r u e m a n The o t he r p ha s e w a s t he m a n .

O f a c t i o n , p la y
i n g a p a rt a s m e a n s t o hi s gr e a t e n ds .

B a c o n i n hi s de di c a t o r e pi s t l e t o A n dr e w s y
( i sho p o f Wi n B
c he st e r
) a c c o m pa n yi n
g hi s Ho l “
y Wa r ,
c o m pa re s hi m se lf t o
Demo sthen es, Ci cero, a n d S en eca . B a c on wa s t he first O ra t o r of

hi s ge , a s Be n J o n so n t e st i e s
a T he fe a r fi .
“
Of e v y er ma n t ha t

he a rd hi m w a s, l e st he sho u ld m a e a n k en d .
”
An d SO t he

c o m pa r i s o n w i t h De m o st he n e s i x t s e a c . C i c e ro w a s a
g re a t

Ora t o r a lso , a nd a
gre a t la wy li k B
er e a con , a ls o a w ri t e r a nd

P hi lo so phe r ; b u t S e n e ca w a s a g re a t Dra m a t i st , a n d it is n ot

so e a s y
t o s e e t he p a ra lle l e x
i n t h e p o i n t O f F o rt u n e
c e pt .

On ly on e sp e c i m e n o f t he t a l e n t s o f t he Ro m a n s fo r T ra
ge d ha s y
c om e do w n to u s T he se a re t h e t e n t ra ge di e s w hi c h pa ss u n de r
.

t he na me of S e n e ca ”
(D o n a lds o n
’
s, T he a t r e of t he G re e k s,
”
p .

It i s w e ll w o rt h y st u d yt o a sk o u r se l v es if B a con in t hi s

c o m pa ri s o n of hi m s e lf w i t h S e n e c a do e s n ot
gi v e us a
pr o fo u n d
hi n t a s t o hi s dra ma ti c side . G e rv i n u s (a s a lre a d yq u ot e d b
y u s)
de c la r e s S e n e c a t o ha ve i n sp i re d Sha k e sp e a r e . A n d he r e i s t he
1 38 E A C ON A ND S E NE CA .

a lte r ego o f S ha k e s pea re c o n fe ssi n g to se lf c o m pa ri so n

-
wi t h t his
La t i n a u t ho r .
“
S e n e ca ,
i n de e d, w ho w a s c o n de m n e d fo r m a n y
c o rru pt i o n s a n d c ri m e s , a n d ba n i s he d i n t o a soli ta ry i sla nd k e pt

a m ea n ; a nd t hou gh hi s pe n di d fre e z e , y e t he a bs ta i n e d
n ot

fro m i n t ru di n g i n t o m a t t e rs o f b us i n e ss ; b u t s p e n t hi s t i m e

i n wr i t i n g books o f exce llen t a rgu men t a n d u se f or a llges ; t ho u gh

a

v
he m ight ha e m a de b e tt e r c ho i c e (so m e t i m e s) o f hi s de di ca t i o n s .

The se exa mp les co nfirm ed m e muc h i n a resolu ti on to sp en d m y ti me

who lly i n wri ti n g, a nd so to pu t for th tha t p oor ta len t, or ha lf ta len t,
or wha t i t i s, tha t God ha th gi ven m e, no t a s he re tofore to p a rti cu la r
”
exc ha n ges, bu t to ba n ks or m ou n ts o f p erp etu i ty whi ch wi ll n o t brea k .

T he re i s a v a st de a l i n S e n e ca
’
s m o ra ls t ha t w e re fin d in
B a con s
’
w or k s i n m o re w a y s t ha n on e . S e n e ca I c ou l d n e v er

he a r A t ta lu s u po n t he vi c e s Of t he a e, a nd t he e rr o rs of li fe
g
wi thou t a comp a ri son f or ma n ki n d
(c h . v .
“
Of a H a pp y Li f e

In t he
“
Ne w A t la n t i s we re a d Of t he Ti rea m, w ho ha d a n

”
a sp e c t a s i f he p i t i e d m e n .

“
Fo r w e o u rse l e s a re v ou r own g re a t e st fla t t e re rs ”
(c h . vi .

Of a Ha pp y Li f e,
”
Se n e c a ) .

It ha t h b e e n w e ll sa i d, t ha t t he Arc h fla t t e re r wi t h w ho m -
a ll
t he p e tt y fla t t e re rs ha v e i n t e lli ge n c e ,
is a ma n s
’
se lf
”
(
E ssa y ,

Lo v e
“
It i s e v y
er ma n s
’
du ty t o m a k e hi m se lf pro ta bl e t o m a fi n

ki nd
( ch . vii . Ha pp y Li f e

“
T he pa ssa ge t o v i rt u e i s fa i r, b u t t he w a y t o grea t n e ss i s
y
c ra gg , a n d i t st a n ds n o t o n l u o n a p re c i p i c e , b u t u o n i c e
p p y
t oo a n d y e t i t i s a ha rd m a t t e r t o c o n i n c e a grea t m a n t ha t hi s v
s ta tion i s s li pp e r y (ch . x ii .
“
Ha pp y Lif e

’
T he a rt 0 t he c ou rt ,

As h a rd t o l e a e a s v ke e p w ho s e t o p t o c li m b

Is c e rta i n fa ll i n g , or so s l ipp er y tha t

ba d
’
Th e fe a r s a s a s fa ll i n g .

Cy m b el i n e , a ct ii i . se .
 CH AP TER VII .

A NT IT H ETA IN B ACO N , ET C .

Fo r wh o k n o w s n ot t ha t t h e do c tri n e o f c o n t ra ri es a re t h e sa m e ,
t h o u gh t he y b e O ppo s i t e in u se
”
(Bo o k VI , p 2 09 , .
“
Ad a n c e m e n t O f
. v
Le a rn i n g
“
v v
Th e y t h a t e n dea o u r t o a b o l i sh i c e des t ro y a l so i rt u e , fo r c o n t ra ri e s ,
”
v
t h o u gh t h e y de st ro y o n e a n o t he r, a re y e t i n l i fe o f o n e a n o t h er Re li gi o
”
M e di c i , Brow n e , p .

fi
H E GEL, i n hi s lo gi c , a f rm s everythi n g i s a t on ce tha t whi ch i t i s,
a n d the con tra ry o
f tha t whi ch i t i s a c o n ha s i n hi s Rhe t o ri c . B
dra w n up a c o lle c t i o n of A n ti theta , or p ros a n d cons, t ha t gi v e ,
a si t w e re , t he S o phi sm s o f ea c h side o f a q u e st i o n o r ro
p p o s i t i o n .

j
M o st o f the se su b e c t s a re i de n t i c a l wi t h, or t ou ch v y
er n e a rl y th e

a r
gu m e n t s O f t he E ssa s y
No t hi n g i s s o r e m a r a bl e i n t he a s
. k pl y
a y
s t he a n t i t he t i ca l st l e , w hi c h
g i e s t he su pp o se d S ha v e sp e a re k
a t on ce hi s de pt h a n d p e c u lia r ha ll m a r O f di st i n c t i o n fro m k
e v er y o t he r w ri t e r a n c i e n t or m o de rn Whether p hi losop hi si n g or .

i llu stra ti n g, n othi n g the a u thor deli ghts i n more tha n a n ti thesi s or

p a ra dox . It e n t e rs s o la r e l
g i n to t h e t e t o f hi syT hea t re , x
c o n c lu de t he a u t ho r s m in d wa c o n st i t u t e d,
’
we m u st s so so

i mp ersona l a n d un i versa l, tha t he cou ld con temp la te n o su b ect j wi thou t

a t on ce e mbr a ci n g i ts n ega ti ve . H e re a re a fe w e xa m ple s .

In po i son t h ere i s ph y si o .

Ki n g H e n ry IV .
, a ct i . so .

Th e se sen t en c e s to su ga r , o r t o ga ll ,
B e i n g st ro n g on b oth s i des a re e qu i v oca l .

O t hell o , a ct i . se .

An d do bu t se e hi s vi ce,
’
Ti s t o h i s
’
v e rt u e a j u st e qu i n o x .

T he
’
one s a s l o ng a s t o ther .

”
O t hel l o , a ct 11 . so .
 1 40
“
A N T I TH E T A 1 1 V E A C O N, E T C .

M e rry a nd tra gi ca l T e di o u s a nd b ri e f
Th a t i s h o t i c e , a n d w o n dro u s s t ra n ge s n o w ,
H o w sha ll w e fi n d t h e c o n c o rd o f t hi s di s c ord
M i dsu m m e r N igh t s Drea m , ” a c t
’
v . SO .

T he b e t t e r a ct of pu rpo se s m i s t o o k ,
Is t o m i s ta k e a ga i n , t h o u h i n di re c t ,
g
Ye t i n di r ec ti o n the r e by gro ws di rec t .

“
( Ki n g J o hn , a ct i
. se .

H i s h u m b l e a m bi t i o n , pro u d hu m ili t y
H i s j a rri n g c o n c o rd a n d hi s di sc o rd du l c e t ,
H i s fa i t h , h is sw e e t disa s t e r .

( All s We l l t ha t En ds We ll ,
“ ’
a ct i . se . l .
)

O b ra w l i n g l o v
O l o i n g ha t e
e v
O a n yt h i n g O f n o t hi n g fi rst c re a t e
v
0 h e a y l i gh t n e ss S e ri o u s a n i ty
. v
M i ssha pe n c ha o s o f w e ll -
se em i n
g fo rm s
F ea t he r l e a d, b ri gh t s m o k e ,
of s i c k hea l t h c o l d fi re , .

S t i ll w a ki n g Sl e e p, t h a t i s n o t w ha t i t i s
T hi s l o v e fe e l I ,
t h a t fe e l no lo v
e i n t hi s .

“
( Ro m e o a nd J u lie t, a ct. i . so .

To q u ote t he m a ll w o u ld b e t o q u ote a
gr ea t e r pa rt of t he

1 6 23 Fo li o , fo r w e v e n t u re t o m a i n t a i n t he st yl e Of t he w o r k s

k n o wn a s Sha k e sp ea r e s ,
’
is c ha ra c t e r i s e d by p ro fun di t o f e x y
i
p r e ss o n , t he r e su l t o f a p e rfe c t l yt -
ra i n e d m i n d, ho ldi n g a pe c u li a r

p hilo so ph y ,
a nd a y
ppl i n g i t t o e e r v y t hi n g a s e xp la n a t i o n Wha t .

w e m ea n i s, t ha t i n t hi s i t e ra t e d A n t i t he si s w e ho ld a p o w e r ful

k e y fo r t he l o c k e d w a rds O f t he mi n d of v
w ho e e r wro t e t he s e

pla s y . T hi s de li ght i n A n t i t hes i s i s a t o n c e a p ro o f of a n

i n t e lle c t m a t u re d i n t he sc ho o l s, fa m i li a r wi t h Ari st o t le (a s B a con

c o n fe s se s i n hi s le t t e r t o M o u n t j oy e ) , a nd of a min d a lw a y s

c lea r, e s t im a t i n g phi lo so ph y a s m a st e r of
po e t r , y n ot se r a n t v .

B u ffo n ha s de c la re d t ha t
“
t he st yl e is t he m a n i n wri t i n g .

y
S t l e i s t he ou t c o m e Of t ho u ght . If t he t hou ght s a re p ro fo u n d,

c l ea r , a nd
p hil oso phi c , t he st l e wi ll r e ea l i t N o t hi n
g iys v .

m o r e c e rt a i n , w e g v
e n t u re t o su ge st , t ha n t ha t t he m i n d o f

t he a u t ho r o f t hi s st l e n o wn a s S ha y k
e sp ea r e s , de li ght e d i n
’
k
e m bra c i n g t he i dea of t he c o n t ra r y or ne
gat i v e of a t hi n g ,

a t t he sa m e tim e a s i ts po si t i v e . Ex c e ss a lw a y s bri n gs (i n
 “
A NT I T H E T A I N E A C O N, E T C . 1 41

t he philo soph y Of t he pla y s

) ,
i t s di re c t o pp o si t e . L o ss bri n gs
wa n t,
p l e n t sa t i e t y y a nd di sgu st ; excessi ve gen erosi ty a nd fa i th in
hu ma n i ty, pro du c e s exc essi ve mi sa n thropy a nd cyn i ci sm , a s i n t he
“ ” ”
c a se s of Ti m o n of A t he n s, a nd
“
Ki n g L ea r . T he re i s i n
t he pla y s e v i de n c e (b o t h i n st yl e a nd in c o n s t ru c t i o n of plo t a nd

c ha ra c t e r
) ,
of a m i n d be n t u po n illu st ra t i n g t he da n
g e rs o f e x c e s s

in a n yt hi n
g, a nd w e fin d i t re v ea le d i n su c h pa ssa g e s a s t he
fo llo w i n g

Th e v i o l en c e o f e i t h e r gri e f o r j o y
T he i r o w n e n a c t u res w i th t h e m se l v es de st ro y .

“
( Ha m l e t , a ct iii . so.

F or a u ht
g I se e , t he y a re a s si c k tha t f
su r e i t wi th too m u c h a s they tha t
s ta rve wi th n o thi n g ; it is n o sm a l l ha pp i n ess , ther ef or e, to be sea ted i n the
m ea n . Su pe rfi u i t y c om e s so o n er b y w hi t e h a i rs, b u t c o m pe t e n c e li es v
l o n ger . M e rc h a n t of V en ic e,
”
a ct

U n de r su c h pa ssa
g es w e m a y p e rc e i v e t he do c t ri n e p o i n t e d,

t ha t p rop ortion or ba la n ce i s a s m u ch a n i n gre di e n t i n ha ppi n e ss

a s i n Ar t or Na t u re . In t he S o n n e t s w e fi n d e v i de n c e o n c e m o re
of t hi s phil o so ph y o f c o n t ra ri e s a t wa r, a n d y e t in u n i on o r l ov e .

E vi l wi t h B a con is n ot a n a f fi rm a ti v e, bu t onl y a ne
ga t i v e , a n d
w e fi n d t he pla y s r e i t era t i n g t he w o r ds Of G oet he i n Fa u st , t ha t
“ ” “
t he D e v i l i s he , who con sta n tly den i es, a nd y e t bri n gs forth the
good .

G o d A l m i gh t y
Th ere i s so m e s ou l O f g o o dn e ss i n t h i n gs e il , v
v
Wou l d m e n Ob se r i n gl y di st i l i t o u t
Th u s m a y w e ga t h e r h o n e y fro m t h e w e e d,
An d m a k e a m o ra l of v
t h e de i l h i m se lf .

Ki n g H e n ry V .
,
a ct iv . se .

A m o n gst B a con s
’ “
C o l ou rs of Good a nd v
E i l, w e fi n d hi m

a lm o st e n u n c ia t i n g - t he sa m e do c t ri n e Tha t whi ch dra ws n ea r

to Good or E vi l, the sa m e i s li ke wi se Good or E vi l ; bu t tha t whi ch i s

”
re m ov
’
d f rom Good i s E vi l, from E vi l i s Good In t he Re pre he n
.

si o n of t hi s C o lo u r B a c on writ e s — “ Bu t t he c o l o ur de c e i v e s
t hre e w a y s ; fi rst , in r e sp e c t of Desti tu ti on ; se c o n dl y ,
in r e sp e c t

Of Obscur a tion ; t hi rdl y ,

in r e spe c t of P rotecti o n . In re
ga rd Of
 A N TI TH E T A
”
I N B A C O IV, E T C
“
1 42 .

P rotection , fo r t hi n gs a p proa c h a nd con

gre ga te n ot onl y fo r
c o ns o rt a nd si m il i t u de Of na t u re , b u t even tha t whi ch i s evil

(e spe c ia lly i n Ci vil m a t t e rs ) a pp roa che th to Good for concea lmen t a nd

P rotec tion ; so wi c k ed k
pe rso n s b e ta e t he m s e l e s t o t he sa n c t ua v y
r

of t he G ods, a nd vi ce i tse lf a ssu mes the sha p e a nd sha do w of virtue .

”
S oep e la te t vi ti u/m p r oxi m i ta te ba n i .

“
(P 2 1.4 ,
L i b VI . .
,
Adv a n c em e n t O f L ea rn i n g,

Ther e i s n o vi ce s o si mp l e bu t a ss wmes

S om e m a r k f
o vi r tu e on his o u twa r d pa rts

How m a n y c o w a rds , w h o se h e a rt s a re a ll a s fa ls e
As s ta i rs o f sa n d, wea r ye t u po n t h e i r c hi n s
T h e b e a rds Of H e rc u l es , a nd fro w n i n g M a rs ,
Wh o i n w a rd se a rc h
’
d ha v l iv
e e rs w hi t e as m i lk ,
A n d t he se a ss u m e bu t vl a o u rs e x c re m e n t

To re n der th e m r e do u b t e d .

M erc h a n t of Ve n i c e , a ct iii . sc .

No w t he se re pea ted A n ti the ta ca n n ot be e xp la in ed p u

y on a n

o rdi n a r y g ro u n ds a s ca su a l i n du lge n c e s of t ho u ght , a n d if t he y

w e re e v
en so , t he y w o u ld re m a in u n e x pla i n e d . The y a re so

fre q u en t, a n d pla y su c h a pro fo u n d p a rt i n t he st yl e of t he t e t , x

w e m u st c o n c lu de n o t o n l y a re t he y i n t ro du c e d w i t h r e fe r e n c e to

so m e p hil o s o phi ca l pri n c i pl e s u n de rl i n

g t he c o n st ru c t i o n a n d y
ra y
t i o n a li sm o f t he se pla s, a s y e t u nr e v ea l e d t o u s , b u t t ha t t he

a u t ho r ha d a rri v ed a t so m e de fi n i t e a n d a c c e t e d e xp la n a
p t ion Of

li fe a s t he r e sul t o f Opp o si t e s or C o n t ra ri e s, i n so m e su c h se n s e a s

e xp o u n de d i n t he phi lo soph O f H e ra c li t u s T he re m a y . k
r a ble

p o i nt i s, w e fin d a con r e e c ho i nBg a ll t hi s i n hi s E ssa

-
y s, a nd

“ ” “ ”
An t i t he ta ,
a nd C o l o ur s Of G o od a nd Ev i l . In a le t t e r to
fix
L o rd M o u n t j o y e pre e d t o t he se c o lo u rs, o r p ros a n d co ns, he
”
c o n fe ss e s he ha s b o rr o w e d t he m fro m Ari st o t le s Rhe t o ri c
’
SO .

t ha t w e s e e pe rfe c t l t ra i n e d a n d e rse d i n t hes e

his m i n d w a s y v
s o phi sm s, fo r a n d a ga i n st , w hi c h he e xa m ple s a s p la c e s O f p er
“ ”
sua si on a n d dissu a si on T hes e A n t i t he ta a r e a p li ca b le t o t he
.
p
Essa y s . If w e r ea d t he Es sa y on T ru t h (fo r e x a m pl e ) w e fi n d

two c o n t ra di c t o r y o r a n t i t he t i ca l pro po si t i o n s, —o n e se t t i n
g fo rt h

a nd i n c li n i n g t o a li fe y
o f s t u d , a n d t he o t he r a li fe o f a c t i e v
 “
A N TI T H E T A
”
[ N E A C O N, E T C . 1 43

p o li t i c s v
It i s t hi s t ha t gi e s t he Essa s a n i m p e rso n a li t a n d an
. y y
y
i m p o ssi bili t o f a rri v i n g a t a n y pa rt i c u la r t e a c hi n g , e c e pt for x
g o o d i n t he m a i n D i ssi m u la t i o n i
. s p ra i s e d a s
p o l i t i c , y
et a con B
e l se w he re de c la r e s hi m se lf “
v q
a n u i she d w i th a n i m m o rta l l o v e of

t ru t h .
”
P re s e n t l yh e de c la r e s Na k e dn e s s of t he m i n d t o b e a s

u n c o m el y a s na k e dn e ss o f t he b o d y .
”
We
de sir e t o p o i n t o u t t he

p a ra lle l t ha t B a c on is u n i v e r sa l, i m p e rso n a l, a ll si de d, i m pa rt i a l, -

a nd we re fi n d e xa c t l y th e sa me m yi r a d m i n de d i m pa
-
ssi v e n e ss a n d

pl y B y
’

p hi lo so phi ca l t r e a t m e n t i n t he a s . F ro m a con s Essa u po n

”
Cu p i d, or t he O ri gi n s a nd P ri n c i p l e s of T hi n gs, we a re i n c li n e d
t o b e li e v e he ha d a do p t e d so m e so r t O f phil o so ph , fo u n de d o n y
w ha t m a y b e p e rm i t t e d us t o b ri e fly t e rm , A ffirm a t i v e s a n d Ne ga

t i v e s, o t he rwi s e r e n de r e d in su c h y s n on ym s a s Li ght a nd Da r k
n e s s, Lo v e a nd Ha t e , H e a t a nd C old, A t t ra c t i o n a nd Rep u l si o n ,
In c o n n e c t io n w i t h t h e p hilo s o ph y of P a rt i c i pa t i o n of Pa rm e n ide s,
a nd t he A t o m i c t he o r y of D e m o c ri t u s . We fi n d i n t he S o n n e t s
t hi s p hil o s o p h y of O pp o si t e s v er
g l y y hi t
s t ro n n ed a n d de li v e re d
i n t he fo rm Of
p a ra do x . T he phil o so p h y f th O e pla y s fre q u en tl y
t u rn s u po n p ro fo u n d p a ra do x . E v y t hi g er n r un s t o it s o pp o

sit e,
*
li k e a n v
o e r l o a de d s hi
-

p . Di t ly w l
re c e o se a t hi n g w e fe e l

i t s l o ss, t ho u gh n ot b e fo r e . E x c e ss p ro du c e s i t s dir e c t O pp o si t e

i n wa n t Di sc o rd p re pa r e s for C o n c o rd
. T O O m u c h sw e e t n e s s .

p r o du c e s b i t t e rn e ss ,
a n d s o a ppli e d t o e v e r t hi n
g i n
"
m o ra l it a n d y y
life . t hi nI k
t he r e a de r wi ll gra n t t hi s i s a gre a t c ha ra c t e ri st i c

of w ha t i s k n ow n a s S ha k e sp e a r e s
’
w r i t i n gs . An d b e i n g so ,

m in d to s o m e t hi n g
’
we a re c e r ta in it a m o u n t e d i n t h e w ri t e r s

m ore t ha n c ha n c e re fl e c ti on . It i n fe c t s t he la n
g ua
ge a n d c om

p a c t s i t i n t o t ha t c o n de n se d fo rm o f pi t h p hi lo so ph a n d pa ra y y
d o x s o O ft e n ha r d t o fo llo w Vi rt u e a n d Vi c e a re t rea t e d fro m
.

t hi s p o i n t of Vi ew a s la w s Of a t t ra c t i o n a n d r e p u lsi o n , a s e ffe c t s

Of li ght a nd sha do w . If w e w e re a s k ed to c ha ra c t e ri se t he

p e c u li a r st yl e of t h e w ri t i n g Of t he pla y s
(
a pa r t fro m p lo t or

Th e pre s en t pl e a su re ,
v
B y re o l u t i o n l o w eri n g do e s b e c o m e
T he Op p osi te o f i ts e lf .

An t on y a nd Cl eo pa t ra , a ct i . se .
 A N T I TH E T A
“ ”
1 44 1 1 V E A C O N, E T C .

c ha ra c t e r
) ,
we sho u ld sa
y t ha t i t a bo u n de d a n d re e lle d in a n t i v
t he t i ca l e xp re ss i o n a nd
pa ra d o x T he wri t e r ha s a lw a s t he
. y
a fi
f rm a t i v e a nd t he ne
ga t i v e Of a ro
p p o si t i o n i n hi s m i n d a t
t he sa me t im e, a nd fre q u e n tl y i n vol v es one w i t h t he o t he r .

E v en i n po rt ra a l O f y c ha ra c t e r t he sa m e gr e a t la w i s O b se r e d v .

The fo o ls i n t he pla y s a re rea ll y t he w i se m e n , a n d a re i n t ro

du c e d, a s i n L ea r, a lw a y s to li ght e n so m e da r k ba c kg ro u n d .

T im o n be c o m e s c y n ic li k e A pe m a n t u s, w ho m he ha d ne v er

li st e n e d i ty
L ea r s rea l m a dn e ss i s s e t s ide
’
to in
p ro sp e r .

’
by side w i t h Edga r s fe ig n e d m a dn e ss T he r ea l a n d t he fa lse .

a re i n t ro du c e d a s li ght a nd sha do w t o illu s t ra t e ea c h o t he r .

We se ega i n i n H a m l e t s fe i g n e d a n d Ophe l i a s rea l m a dn e s s

t hi s a
’ ’
.

y
It i s pa rt i c u l a rl p ro m i n e n t i n t he c o n t ra st a ffo rde d by A pe
y
m a n t u s t he c n i c , a n d Ti m o n t he m i sa n t hro p e , t he la t t e r b e c o m i n g
a hu n dre dfo ld m o re c y n i ca l t ha n t he fo rm e r w he n t o o la t e .

A rc hbi sho p T e n i s o n i n “
B a c o n ia n a
”
(pu b . 1 67 9 ) t hu s a llu de s
to t he Essa y s — “ Hi s L o rdshi p w ro t e t he m in t he En g li s h
t o n gu e , a n d e n la rg e d t he m a s o c ca si o n se r v e d, a n d a t la s t a dde d
t o t he m t he Colou rs o f Good a nd E vi l, w hi c h
’
a re li k e wi se fo u n d
i n hi s b o o k ‘
De Thi s i s a ver y i m po rt a nt
po in t
fo r us to c o n s ide r , b e ca u se it a t on ce s ho w s B a con w ro t e

t he s e E ssa y s wi t h a n eye u po n Ar i s t o t l e
’
s Rhe t o ri c , a nd t ha t

he i n t e n de d t o wr i t e i n a n i m p e r so n a l a nd p hi l o s o hi c
p sp i ri t

“ ”
Good a nd E vi l ros a n d con s O f b o t h si de s
fo r t he Colo urs f
o a re p
of v y e er p ro p o si t i o n . Bu t w ha t i s fa r m o re i m p o rt a n t, a nd

I t hi k n a di sc o v y er Of s o m e w e i ght , i s t ha t i n t he
“
De A u g
m e n t i s,
”
( 1 62 3 l t i
a nd
on b
y W )
1 6 4 0 t ra
a ts , we ns a fi n d t he s e
Co l o ur s i n t r o du c e d a s pa rt O f The Wi sdom of P ri va te Sp eech
“ ”
.

y
Su re l i t w i ll n o t b e a m i ss t o re c o m m e n d t hi s w he re o f w e n o w
sp e a k to a .
n ew In qu i ry, a nd to ca ll i t by n a m e T H E ‘
W I SD O M
OF P RI VATE SPEE CH ,
’
a nd to r e fe r i t t o De fic i e n t s ; a t hi n g

c e rt a i l y w hi h t h m
n c e o re s e ri ou sl y a ma n s ha ll t hi n k on , t he

m o re hi ghly h h ll v
lu e ; a n d w he t he r t hi s i n d o f P ruden ce
e s a a k
sho u l d b e pla c e d b e t w e e n Rhe tori c a n d t he P oli ti cs i s a m a t t e r o f

n o grea t c o n se u e n c e q
No w le t u s de sc e n d t o t he Defic ie n ts
.
 A N T I TH E T A [ N E A C O N, E T C . 1 45

i n t hi s Ar t , whi ch (a s we ha ve sa id before) a re o f su ch n a tu re a s ma y
be esteemed ra ther App en di ces, t ha n p o r t i o n s o f t he a rt i t se lf, a nd

p e rta in a ll t o t h e P RO M PT U AR Y P A RT O F RH ET O R I C .

“
F i rst , w e do n ot fi n d t ha t a n
y m a n ha t h w e ll pu r su e d o r
su ppl i e d t he w i sdo m a nd t he di li g e n c e a l s o o f A ri st o t l e ; fo r

k
he b e ga n t o m a e a c o ll e c t i o n o f t he P op u la r si gn s a n d colou rs of
Good a n d E vi l i n a pp ea ra n ce , both si mp le a n d comp a ra ti ve, w hi c h
a re i n de e d t he S op hi sms of Rhe tori c : t he a r e o f e xc e lle n t u s e , y
sp e c i a ll y r e ferre d t o bu s i n e s s a n d the wi sdom o f p i
r va te sp eech
”

(B k VI
oo .
p 2 1 0, Adva
,
.
“
n c em e n t o f L e a rn i n g,
”

Upo n t hi s fo llo w tw e l v e e xa m ple s of t he

“
Co l o u r s Of G o od
a n d Evi l . T he n fo llo w i m m e di a t e l y “
A n ti the ta Reru m
”
(or t he

c o u n t e rp o i n t of t hi n gs, se e p la t fo rm ) w hi c h B a c on ha s i m i ta t e d
“
fro m S e n e ca , a nd w hi c h h e ca lls a se c o n d P rovi si on or P rep a ra tory
S tore, w hi c h a re pla c e s Of P e rsu a si o n a nd Di ssu a si o n . T he se a re
fo rt y v
-

se en in n um ber . The fi rst p o i nt to i s t he pla c e

n ote

t he s e su b e c t s j ho ld i n t he “
De A u gm e n t i s, vi z — “Illustra ti on s of
Sp eech or Rhetori c, w hi c h la st (m a r ) i s bu t o n e O f t he t hr e e gre a t k
v
Di i si o n s o f Elo c u t i o n o r o f T ra di t i o n (s e e t a bl e ) Bu t t he n a l . fi
w o rds of t he F ift h B k
oo (i n t ro du c i n
g us t o t he S i t h x B k)
oo

c o n c lu de ,
“
No w w e de sc e n d i n o rde r t o t he fou rth me m ber f
o

L ogi c, whi ch ha n dles Tra di ti on a nd E locu ti on In t he pla t fo rm o f

.

t he de si gn m a y b e se e n t h e h e a di n g a v
n d t he di i s i o n s a n d su b

v
di i si o n s of t he S i t h x B k oo ,
fa lli n g or e m b ra c e d u n de r t he c hi e f

he a di n g

T H E P AR T I T I O N OR TH E A RT OF E LO C U T I O N O R OF T RAD I T I O N
INT O
’
“
(A n d u n de r t hi s fa lls ) I llu stra ti o n Sp eech or Rhe tori c
of So .

t ha t t he se
“
C o l o u rs of G ood a n d E il v
b e l o n g to the A r t of
n ven ted, a nd hea rd
Deli very (Tra di ti on ) of thi n gs ()
t i ( a s we ha ve

a lrea dy ) PRO M PT U A RY a n d A PPE ND I C E S of

“
The Wi sdom f
o
”
P ri va te Sp eech, b u t w hy i t sho u l d b e p ri va te sp eech o r w ha t i t
‘

sh o u ld p romp t to, w e ha v
e n o i n s t r u c t i o n s e c e p t o u r wi t s o r x
ss e s t o a ssi st u s ! It i s pla i n a ll t hi s r e fe rs t o s o m e t hi n e l se ,
gu e g
1 46
“
A N TI T H E TA JN DA C O N ,
E TC .

w hi c h B a con ha s v ei l
pri v a t e la n gu a ge
to Ou r
in o bs c u re a nd .

y
t he o r i s t ha t h e h e r e su gge s t s the E ssa ys i n con text wi th the Pla ys .

v
An d w e ha e a lre a d di sc o e r e d so m e o f t he e xa m ple s y a con v B
y
’

gi v e s, ,
e vi de n t ly in c o n ta c t w i t h t he P la s
. In 11 l e t t e r t o Pr i n c e
H e nr y ,
de di ca t i n g hi s fo u rt h e di t i o n of t he Es sa y s 1 6 1 2 t o hi m ,
B a co n wri t e s Whi c h Ihv a e ca lle d E ssa ys . T he w o rd i s la t e ,
b u t t he t hi n g i s
’
a n ci e n t ; fo r S en eca s Ep i stle to L uci li us, i f y o u
ma rk t he m w e ll, a re bu t E ssa ys, t ha t i s di sp e rse d m e di ta t i o n s,

t ho u gh con vy e ed in t he fo rm o f e pi s t l e s . Thi s i s i m po rta n t,

b e ca u se w e fin d B a co n i n t ro du c i n g hi s F o rt y -
se v e n Exa m ple s o f
”
A n t i t he ta Re ru m wi t h t he w o rds A co llecti on of thi s na tu re

w e fi n d i n S e n e ca ,
bu t i n su p
po si t i o n s o n l o r ca se s y
O f t hi s so rt .

(i n r e a rd
g w e ha v e ma n y re a d p p y
re a r e d
) w e t h o u ht
g g o od t o
se t do w n some o f the m for exa mp le t he se w e ca ll A n ti the ta Reru m

(p . 300, B k oo VI , .
“
Ad v a n c em en t Of Lea rn i n g ,
”
No w
G e rvi n u s a ss e rt s Se n e ca to ha v e b e e n S ha k e sp ea re s
’

(sa v e t he

ma r k !) i de a l, a nd t ha t t he a u t ho r Of t he P la y s st u di e d t hi s

a n cien t t ra ge di a n m o r e t ha n
y o t he r w r i t e r
a n S o t ha t t o fi n d .

B a con a llu di n g t o S e n e ca
’
s Epi st le s i n c o n t e x t wi t h hi s o wn
Es sa y s is hi ghl y su sp i c i ou s, p o i n t i n g t o t he P la s, s e e i n g y
t he su b ec ts j o f these E ssa ys a re fo r a la rge pa rt de o t ed t o v
a na l y si s o f hu ma n cha ra c ter, p a ssi ons ,
or c m
f ec ti ons of the m i nd whi ch

con sti tu te the m oti ves f

o C om e dy a n d T ra e d
g y, v i z : — L o e , A n ge r, . v
En v y , Su sp i c i o n , B ea u t , y y
De fo rm i t , A m bi t i o n , Fri e n dshi p ,
V a i n G lo r-
y ,
C u n n i n g, R ve en
g e, Si m u la t i o n a nd D i ssi m u la t i o n ,
B o ldn e ss, S e di t i o n s, Fa c t i o n , Em pi re , F o r t u n e , U su r y ,
a ll of

w hi c h e n t e r, in a n e xt ra o r di n a r y de gre e , i n t o t he c o m p o si t i o n

Of t he Dra ma ti s P e rson a e a n d te t x of t he 1 6 2 3 Thea t re a t t ri bu t ed

to S ha k es
p e a re . Ea c h of t he se t i t le s i s t he su b e c t j of a n Es sa y
by B a con , a nd we ca n n ot i m a gi n e a n a na lyi s s Of t he pla y s re

s o l vi n
g i t s e lf i n t o a n t hi n g l e ss t ha n a s t u y
o f t he s e a ffe c t i o n s , dy .

a tt ribu t e s, a n d t he i r re la t i o n shi p s The co lou rs of the Thea tre a re .

gi v en u s i n t he se Es sa y s, a s o n t he pa le t t e of a dra m a t i c a rt i st

wa i ti n g t o u se t he m .

By x e a m i n i n g t he (1 6 05 ) Tw o B k f t h A dv
oo s o e a n c em e n t of

d B k wi t h t h
” “
L ea rn i n g, a n d c o lla t i n g t he S e c o n oo e 1 62 3 De
 A N T I T H E TA I N E A C O N, E T C . 1 47

A u gm e n ti s, w hi c h gre w ou t of i t, w e ca n t ra ce t he ge rm s or

e a rl y k s et c h Of w ha t B a c on a ft e rwa rds de v e lo p e d in to ei
gh t
se
p a
a r t e bo o k s . In se e ki n
g t hi s pa rt i c u la r
p o i nt i n t he Si t hx
B k oo ,
w e fi n d i n t he 1 605
“
Ad va n c em en t t hi s No w we
de sc e n d t o t ha t pa r t w hi c h c o n c e rn e t h t he LL U S T RAT I O N I OF

T RAD I T I O N comp rehen ded i n tha t sci en ce , w hi c h w e c a ll Rhe tori c or

a rt o f E loqu en ce . Thi s i s c on fi rm a ti o n of w ha t w e a lr e a d yhv a e

su
gg e st e d .
“
The du tR he tori c i s To a y
pp ly a nd O
Re a son to ffi c e of

I ma gi n a ti on fo r t he b e t t e r m ov i n g o f t he w i ll fo r w e s e e Rea son
i s di st u rb e d i n t he a dm i n i st ra t i o n t he re o f by t hr e e m e a n s ; by
i lla guea ti on , o r sop hi sm , w hi c h p e r ta i n s t o L ogi c ; by i ma gi n a ti on or

i mp ressi on , w hi c h p e rt a i n s t o Rhe tori c ; a nd by P a ssi on or Afi ection ,

w hi c h p e rt a i n s t o Mora li t
”
(p 66, o o y . B k II .
,
No w B a con

ha s la i d i t do w n i n t hi s w o r k t ha i
t by ma gi na ti o n he m e a n s p oe try *
.

O ne of t he m o s t re m a r k a
“
bl e fe a t u r e s o f t he De A u gm e n t i s
“ ”
of 1 62 3 a re t he pr ae t e rm i t t e d pa r t s, or Defici en ts, w hi c h a re

fi ft y i n n u m b er . No w it is v er y c u ri o u s t o fin d so m e of t he s e
”
Defici en ts, a re works a lrea dy comp lete d by Ba con . For e xa m pl e ,

t he x
S i t h De fi ci en t is “
S a p i en ti a Vete ru m ,
”
or B a c on s
’ “
Wi sdo m
ly
”
of t he A n c i e n t s . Alt ho u gh i t do e s n o t ope n
y so , t he t i t l e
sa

is fi
su f c i e n t . A n d he r e i s a st ill m o re p e rt i n e n t hi n t fo r t he

1 6 2 3 F o li o , t ha t i t i s i n con te xt w i th
“
Pa ra boli ca l P oesy, fo r he
i n t r o du c e s t hi s De fi c i e n t u po n p a ge 1 08, fo ll o w i n g t he di sc u ssi o n
of t he dra m a a n d st a ge l
pa y s . The t hi rt — y
fir st De c i e n t i s t he fi
O rga n um No v u m ,
”
or t ru e di re c t i o n s fo r t he I n t e rp r e ta ti on of

Na t u re . A n d t he der i s b e gge d t o m a r a st ra n g e t hi n g,
re a k
w o rt h y p ro fou n d r e fle c t i o n , — t ha t i n t he 1 640 t ra n sla t i o n o f t he

“
De Au gm e n t i s, by G i lb e rt Wa t s ,
w e fi n d m o st of t he se D e

fi c i e n t s m a r e d by a n a ste ri sk ki n t he m a rgi n . Bu t t he se pa r
t i c u la r su b e c t s j ar e n o t so ma r kd
b u t pa sse d o e ,
v er The t w e n t
. y
fift h De fi ci en t is e n t i t le d
“
P rolon ga n do Cu rri cu lo Vi ta e,
”
a nd is
tly B y
“ ”
H i st o r
’
e v i de n a fi n ge r p o st fo r -
a con s Of L i fe a nd De a t h .

“
Th a t i s t h e t ru e st pa rt i t i o n o f h u m a n e l e a rn i n g, w h i c h h a t h re fere n c e
t o t h e t h re e fa c ul t i es o f M a n s s o u l , w h i ch i s t h e s ea t O f l ea rn i n g H i stor y i s
’
.

r e ferre d t o M em or y , P oesy t o t h e I m a gi n a ti on , P hi losop hy t o Rea so n (Lib .

“
v
A d a n c e m en t o f L ea rn i n g
 A N T I TH E T A I N B A C O N; E T C
“ ”
1 48 .

“
I n t he Ca ta lo gu e o f t he s e De fi c i e n t s (a t t he e n d of bo t h t he
“ ”
1 62 3 De A u gm e n t i s a n d 1 640 t ra ns a l t i o n ), we fin d one

e n t i t le d
“
S a tyra , Se ri a ,
w hi c h w e re -
fi n d i n t he S e v th B k en oo

D fi i ti l
“ ”
(p . a n d ca lle d De In te ri ori bus Reru m . Thi s e c en s a so

o m i t t e d fro m t he m a rgi n of t he pa gi n g . No w t he r e i s av y t g er s ro n

a
p ar lle l (w e a re a bo u t t o e n de a v ou r t o m a i n ta i n ),
t hi D fi ist e c en

a llu de s t o t he Essa y s, b e ca u se B a c on ca lls t he m “

The I n terior
o
f Thi n gs, a nd to t he fi na l e di t i o n
(pu bli she d in “
Op era/m
M ora li u m et Ci vi li u m , by Ra w le y ,
1 638 ) w e fin d t hi s a c tu a l t i t le
hea di n g t he m , In te ri or u m Reru m . The E s sa y s a re u n do u b t e dl y
e t hi ca l, a nd t hi s Se v en th B k oo dea ls a lso w i t h t he W i ll of

Ma n, w hi c h B a con ca lls M ora l Kn owledge . T he Es sa y s a re ,

m o re o v e r, sa ti ri ca l, i n a sm u c h a s t he y c e n su r e a nd la y ba re t he

v i c e s, fo lli e s, i m po s t u r e s, a n d su b t l e r ea c he s of hu m a n c ha ra c t e r ,

pa ss i o n s , a nd a pp e t i tes . Su c h of t he Essa y s a s
“
Re v e n ge ,
”

“
S i m u la t i o n a nd Di ssi m u la t i o n ,
” “
En vy ,
” “
B ld o n e ss,
” “
Su pe r
st i t i o n
” “
A t he i sm ,
” “
Cu n n i n g
” “
O f Se e m i n g Wi se ,
” “
Su s

pi c i o n , A m bi t i o n ,
” “
U su r y ,
De fo rm i t y ,
” “
Va i n G lo r y ,
”

A n ge r,
” “
Ri c he s,
” “
Fo rt u n e ,
” “
Of Na t u re in Men ,
” “
Of
Wi sdo m fo r a ma
’
n s se lf,
”
&c .
,
a re rea y
ll a k een a na ly si s o f t he

i m po st u re s, fra u ds, v i c e s, a nd pa ssi o n s i n hu m a n na tu re . An d

w e m u st be c a r e ful n ot to re l y too m u ch on t he ba re t i t le s

of t he s e Essa y s, w hi c h a re m i n gle d a n d o b sc u r e d w it h

o t he r s (Pr o phe c i e s, P la t i o n s,
E p e n se , J u di ca t u r e , Fa c t i o n ,
n ta x
p pu r o se l t o y v
e il by a rt t he i r c lo s e a ppr o i m a t i o n t o t he x
“
c ha ra c t e rs o f t h e Dra m a , i n a sm u c h a s w e fi n d t he i r A n ti the ta

( w hi c h a re c o n n e c t e d w i t h t he m ) i n t he S i t h x B k oo of t he
“
De
”
A u gm e n t i s , a s App en di ces (se e Pla t fo rm ) t o Rhe t o ri c (o r i llus t ra
t i o n o f Sp e e c h ) , gi v i n g u s fu r t he r t he t i t le s
“
P r i de ,
” “
n ra t i t u de ,
g
”
I
“
C ru e lt y ,
” “
Lo q u a cit y ,
”
Fla t t e r y ,
” “
S i le n c e ,
” “
Vi o le n t C o u n
se ls,
” “
I n c on t n e n c e,i with o t he r su b e c t s j a lrea d y e xi s t i n
g a s

Es sa y s B ea u t y ,
” “
Yo u t h,
” “
H ea lt h,
” “
Ri c he s ,
” “
F o r t un e ,
”

“
Em p ir e ,
” “
Na t u re ,
“
S u p e rs t i t i o n , We fin d t he s e

A n t i t he ta ha v e ea c h a pa r t i c u la r Es sa yt o w hi c h t he ybl e on
g .

Thi s ha s be e n a lrea d y po i n t e d ou t by Wha t e ly (Es sa y) s a nd

 ”
A N TI T H E T A I N B A C OIV, E T C
“
. 1 49

by Dr A bbo t t (E s sa y s
) . Wha t we re a ll y a re st r i vi n
g t o dra w

a t te n t i o n t o , i s fi rs t , t ha t t he
“
De Au gm e n t i s, i s a
”
p rep a ra
”
ti ve or key for the be tter op en i n g of the I n sta u ra ti o n , a n d t ha t
t he se i n t r o du c t i o n s or s k e t c he s a nd t i t le s in c on n ection with

o t he r w or k s of B a c o n s , a re s o
’

pla c e d a s to s ho w u s t he u se t he y
a re i n t e n de d t o s er v e . Thu s a ll t he se “
A n ti theta
”
(fo l lo w i n
g t he
“
C o lo u r s of Good a nd E ilv ”
) a re pa r t of B a c on s
’
s y st e m of

D e li v y er ,
a nd c om e u n de r t he g h e a di n g o f Tra di ti o n or
r ea t
E lo c u ti o n , whi ch la tter B a c on terms P oetry (S e e Pla t fo r m o f oo B k
VI .
,
“
Ad v a n c em en t of L ea rn i n
g,
”

A r c hbi sho p Wha t e ly ,

i n t he P r e fa ce t o t he Es sa y s

re m a r k s H e i s t hrou gho u t , a n d e s e cia

p ll yi n hi s E ssa y s, o n e

of t he m o st su
gg e s t i v e a u t ho rs t ha t e v er w ro t e . An d i t i s re

ma r k a b le t ha t , c om
pr e s s e d a nd pi t h y a s t he Essa y s a re , a n d
c o n si s t i n
g c hi e fly of bri e f hi n t s, he ha s e lse w h e r e c o n de n s e d in to
a st i ll sm a ll e r c o m pa ss t he m a t t e r of m o st of t he m . In hi s
Rhe tori c (Si x t h B k oo
‘
De A u gme n ti s he ha s dra w n up w ha t

he
’ ’
ca l ls ‘
A n ti theta ,
or c o m m on
p la c e s, -
‘
lo c o s, i . e .
, p ros a n d con s,
O pp o si t e se n t i m e n t s a n d r e a so n s o n v a ri o u s p o i n t s, m ost of them
the sa me th a t a re di scu ssed i n the E ssa ys . It i s a c o m p e n di o u s a n d
clea r m o de of br i n gi n g b e fo re t he m i n d t he m o st i m po rt a nt

q
p o i n t s i n a n y u e st i o n , t o pla c e i n pa ra lle l c o lu m n s, a s a con B
v
ha s do n e , w ha t e e r c a n b e p la u sibl u rg e d, fa i rl o r u n fa i rl , y y y
u dge who
o n O p o si t e s i de s
p a n d t he n you a re i n the co n di ti on of j
a

ha s to de cide some c ause a f ter ha vi n g hea rd ll the p lea di n gs

a . Ihv a e

a c c o rdi n
gl y a pp e n de d t o m o st of t he y
Essa s s o m e o f B a con s
’

A n ti thet a on t he sa me j
su b e c t s
(p a
g e

T he i m p o rta nt
p oin t i s, B a c o n i n t ro du c e s t he se
“
A n ti the ta
“
a s P romp tu y p a rtar
f
o Rhe tori c (fo ll o w i n g t h e Co lo u rs of

Good a n d E il v
or a s
“
a se c o n d c o ll e c t i o n or p re
p a ra t or y
s t o re a n d in “
T he T w o B k oo s of t he A d v a n c em en t
(1 6 05 )
we fi n d t he e a rl y k s et ch of t hi s n ow m o re de v elo pe d g e rm
“ ” “
e n t i t le d, P rep a ra ti on a nd S u ggesti on , c om i n g u n de r Li tera te

f Na tu re
” “
E xp eri e n ce a nd In te rp re ta ti on o (p a ge s 51, An d
we se e t he a n ci en t w ri t e r s of Rhe tori c do gi v e i t i n pr e c ept :
 A N TI T H E T A
”
I N B A C O IV, E T C
“
1 50 .

Tha t Plea d ers shou ld ha ve the p la c es whereof they ha ve mo st co nti n wrl

use, rea dy ha n dled in a ll the va ri e ti es tha t m y be, as tha t to sp e a k for

the li tera l i n terp reta ti o no
f the la w a ga i nst e qu i ty a n d con tra ry a nd to
”
Sp ea k for p resu mp ti on s a nd i nfere n ces a ga i n st testi mon y a nd co ntra ry .

A rc hbi sho p Wha t e ly re m a r k s

“
Se v e ra l of t he se A n t i t he ta
w ere e i t he r
do pt e d by a
a co n fro m pro e rbia l u s e , o r ha e B v v
( t hro u h hi m
g ) b e c o m e pro e r bs Thi s is
p e rfe c t l t r
ue ,
f v
or . y
a va s t n u m b e r o f t he m do c o m e fro m t he
pro e rb s o f S o lo m o n , v
a c o ll e c t i o n o f w hi c h i s o n e of t he c u ri o u s fea t u re s of t he Ad
v a n c em e n t of Lea rn i n
g.
”
Wha t e ly c o n t i n u e s P ro v e rb s a c c o rd

i n gly a r e so m e w ha t a na lo gou s t o t ho se m e di ca l fo rm u la s w hi c h

b e i n g i n fre u e n t u se , q a re k e
pt re a d ym a de up i n t he c he m i s t s
’

s ho p s , a nd w hi c h O ft e n sa v e t he fra m i n g of a di st i n c t pro p o s i
t ion
”
(p a
g e vi .
,
Pr e fa ce, No w t hi s i s e xa c t l w ha t y
B a c o n sa y s of hi s “
A n t i t he ta ,
”
t ho u gh i n o t her w o rds . He ca lls
“ ” “ ” “
t he m seeds, store , skei n s, or bottom s f
o threa d to be dra wn o ut

a nd u n wi n ded i n to la rger di scou rse a s occa si on shou ld be p re

sen ted
”
A n d he c o n c l u de s :
“
S e e i n g t he y a re seeds a n d n ot

flowers . O ur c on vi c tion is they a re the seeds f

o the Sha ke
sp ea re ( so ca lled) Thea tre ; bei n g the p i thy a bstra ct of certa in
vi rtue s a nd vi ce s,
p a ssi o ns a nd a
fiecti ons, or a ttri bu tes of hu ma n

cha ra c ters p or tra yed i n a c ti on i n the p la ys . An d w e a re to u n wi n d

t he s e
“
skei n s of threa d,
”
de e lo p t he se v s e e ds by a na ly si n
g t he

p lo t s a nd t he m o t i e s v o f ea ch
pa rt i c u la r pla The se e m t o u s y . y
“
texts f or a n d a ga i ns t . T he he a di n gs a lo n e o f t he se A n t i t he ta
do a ta l e u n fo ld, i n a sm u c h a s t he y c o n st i t u t e n ot onl y a su pp l e

m e n t t o t he su b e c t s j of t he Essa y s, bu t s
pea k lo u dly e n o u gh

fo r t he m se l v e s, a s the co lou rs o f the dra ma ti c a r ti st, vi z .

“
P ri de ,
“ ” “ ” “ ” “ “
E n vy, Reve nge , B oldn ess, I n gra ti tude, I n co n ti ne n c e ,
” “
Va i n Glory,-
Cru elty, w hi c h w e m a y t e rm vi c e s . T he n w e
“ ” “ ” ”
a ls o fi n d t he se hea di n gs : P ra i se, F orti tu de, Te mpe ra n c e,
” ” “ ” “ ” “
Con sta n cy,
“
M a gn a n i mi ty ,
L ea rn i n g, L ove, F ri en dship ,
Nobi li ty ” “ ”
” “ ” “ ” “ “ ”
B ea u ty, Yo u th, , Ric hes, Ho nou rs, F ortune ,
E mp i re . T he s e a re c o n n e c t e d w i t h t he Es sa y —t s a l ea s t m o s t
of t he m . A n d t h e re se e m s to be a
p ro b b i li t y B
a a con di sgu i s e d
 “
A N TI T H E T A [ N B A C O N, E T C . 1 5!

t he t i t le s o f s om e o f t he Essa y s, a n d mi x ed t he m u
p w i t h su b e c t s j
n ot c o n n e c te d w i t h t he T he a t r e a t fi rs t si
ght . F o r e x a m pl e ,
B a c on w ri t e s i n a le t t e r t o Bi sho p A n dre w s :
“
An d g ian fora

t ha t my B k oo of Ad v a n c em en t of L e a rn i n g , m a y b e so m e

p rep a ra ti ve or key f or the better o pe n i n

g of t he I
n s ta u ra t i o n

b e c a u se i t e x hibi t s a x
m i t u re of n ew c on c ei ts a nd o ld
”
(Pre

fix e d t o t he Adv e rt i s e m e n t of t he
“
Ho l y A ga i n , evi

de n t ly allu di n g t o t hi s p a rt i c u l a r w o r , w hi c h he c o n si de re d k
hi s fa vo u ri t e wr i t i n
g :
“
Th e r e fo re , ha i n
g n o t lo n
g si n c e s e t v
fo r t h a I
p a r t o f m y n sta u ra t i o n , w hi c h i s t he w o r t ha t i n m i n e k
o wn j ud
gm e n t (Si n u n qua m fa lli t i rna go) I do m o st e s t e e m
Ye t , ne v e rt he l e ss, I ha e v j
u st c a u s e t o do u b t tha t i t fli es too hi gh

hea ds In l e tt e r t o Dr Pla y fe r o n t hi s sa m e
’
over m en s a

w or k :
“
A n d t he re fo r e t he p ri va te ness of the la n gua ge c o n si dere d,
/

w he re i n i t i s w ri t t e n , exc lu di n g so ma n y r ea ders ; a s on t he o t he r

s i de t he obscu ri ty e x c lu de t h
f
o the a rgu men t, i n ma n y p a r ts o f i t,
ma n y o t he rs ,
(Pa rt I p
.
,
“
It a pp e a rs a
Re su s ,
”
. s

if B a con a ss o c i a t e d hi m s e lf p e rso n a ll w i t h t hi s p a rt i c u la r w o r y k .

Fo r i n a l e t t e r t o S i r T ho m a s B
o dl e , u p o n se n di n g hi s b o o y k
of
“
Ad v a n c em e n t o f Lea rn i n
g ,
”
we re a d: And t he se c o n d cop y

I ha v e se n t u n to you , n ot on l y i n go o d a ffe c t i o n , bu t i n a ki n d
o
f con gru i ty, in re
g a rd o f y ou r
g re a t a n d ra re de se r t of l e a rn i n g .

F o r B ooks a re t he shri n e s w he re t he S a i n t i s or b e li e v ed to be .

A n d y o u ha vi n
g b u i lt a n A rk t o sa v e le a rn i n g fro m delu ge, de se rv e

p ro
pr i e t y in a ny n ew i n st ru m e n t or e n gi n e w he r e b y le a rn i n
g
sho u ld b e i m p r o v ed or a dv a n c ed . It i s v er y dif fi c u lt to c om

p re h e n d i n w ha t se n se B a con si
g ni fi es t he
“
Ad v a n c em en t
”
to
“
be a p rep a ra ti ve or key for the better op en i n g of the I n sta u ra ti on
Dr A bb o t t , i n hi s s c ho la r l i n t r o du c t i o n t o
’
a c on s
“
E s sa y B y s,

w r i t e s t ha t t he la t t e r
“
embody the A n ti the ta ( g
p a e No w
t hi s i s w e ll w o rt h y a tt en tion , be ca u se i t s h o w s t he s e E s sa y s

w e r e w r i t t e n w i t ho u t a n
y p a r t i c u la r bia s, bu t e m b ra c e b o t h side s
of t he i r su j
i n p ro a n d con tra
b e cts A n d t he r e for e t he a t t e m pt .

x
t o e t ra c t a n y o p i n i o n a s t o
’
a c on s B
pa r t i c u la r su b e c t i vi t o u t o f j y
y
t he m i s a s a b su r d a s t he la i n g o f w e i ght u p o n s e l e c t i o n s o u t o f
 xsz ‘
A N T I TH E T A I N B A C O N, E T C .

t he p la y s, t o illu s t ra te t he i r a ut ho r . W hy w e r e t he s e
“
A n t i t he ta
n ot
p u b li she d wi t h t he Essa y s ? W hy a re y t b f
t he o e oun d in
t he “
D e A u gm e n t i s , a n d pa r t i c u la rl i n t he ”
oo a n dli n g y Si x t h B k h
”
Tra di ti ve A rt, t ha t i s t he De li very of S e cre t Kn owledge t o P o s
“

t e ri t y ? The “
C o lo u rs of Go od a nd v
E il
”
w e re p u b li she d w i t h
t he Essa y s in 1 59 7 (fi rs t e di t i o n ) . An d w e re fin d t he m i n t hi s
S ix t h B k oo
'

of t he “
De A u g m e n t i s e n t i t le d P romp tua ry p a r t of
Wisdom of
” ”
Rhetori c, a nd a pp e n di c e s o f t he
“
P ri va te Sp ee ch, so
t ha t t he y a re e vi de n t l yi n t ro du c e d he re a s he l p s , a i ds , o r c ues to
some thi n g else tha t i s “
p ri va te
”
( or o sc u reb ) a nd tra di ti ve It ka e t he

e n t i re Si t hx B k oo of t he
“
D e A u gm e n t i s , t o
”
c o n si s t o f n o t hi n g bu t
t he diffe re n t m e t ho ds a n d wa s, b
y w y
hi ch B a c on ha s de t e rm i n e d
t o ha n d on to u s, t he pro ble m of t he a u t ho rshi p o f p l t he
a y s .

Up o n pa ge 2 09 , o o IV , B k . of t he
“
Ad v a n c e m e n t o f L ea rn i n
g,
1 64 0, w e fi n d a c o n w ri t i n g B of
“
Di v i n a t i o n a n d of t he
“
Fa c u l
t i e s o f t he So u l .
”
Ve r y g y th p
s t ra n el e a i
g g p
n ro c e e ds c o rr e c t l y
to pa ge 28 0, w he n i t su en eco es dd ly b m 209 , fa l s e l m i spa ge d, y
a n d c o n t i n u e s fo r e i ht
g a
p g e s ,
w he n o n c e m o r e i t t a e s u
p t h e k
c o rr e c t p a gi n g , 2 8 9 , a s if t he r e ha d b e e n n o la
p se s N ow it is .

v y
er k
r e m a r a b l e t hi s fa ls e a
p g , e 2 09 b
( )i s ,
o o V I ,
i n t ro du c e s B k .

"
us t o t he re la t i o n shi p o f Lo gi c t o E t hi c , a n d u po n pa ge 2 1 0
to t he
“
Wi sdom of P ri va te Sp eech, e mbra ci n g the “
Colou rs of
”
Good a nd Evi l . The r e c a n b e , n o do u b t , t he la s t p o i n t to t he
Essa y s, fo r t he yw e re p u bli she d t o g e t he r i n 1 597 . A n d t hi s i s
“
c o rr o b o ra ted by t he A n ti the t a w hi c h
( fo llo w u po n t he
“
Colou rs f
o Good a n d b e i n g t he k e r n e ls o r pi t h of t he

E ssa y s pla c ed p ro a n d co n . Thi s n e e ds p o lo g a s

no a y a st a te

m e n t , fo r i t ha s n ot onl y be en r e c o n i se d b
g y W ha t e l y a nd Dr
A bbo t t , b u t t he A n ti the ta s
p ea kl o u dl yg h fo r t he m s e l e s
en ou v
“
a s t o t he i r o ri
gi n s T he . Co lours f
o Goo d a n d E vi l a r e e xa m p le s
of t he w o r ki n g o f t he s e “
A n ti theta ,
”
t ha t i s, w i t h t he s o phi sm s,

re a r u e d
-

g by B a c on .

x
This pa g e 2 1 0 is e a c t l y t he do u bl e o f pa g e 1 05 , u p o n w h ic h la tter P oe tr y
i s j i rst di scu ssed I t i s s tr i ki n g to fi n d tha t 1 05 i s the su m of the two fi rst f a lse
.

p a gi n gs 5 2 a nd 5 3, S ha ke sp ea r e s a ge 1 6 1 6, f u l l yea rs a n d yea r he ha d j us t
en t ered .
 CH A P TER V III .

H I S TO R Y ,
PO ET R Y ,
A ND P H I L O SO PH Y .

IN t he r e la t i o n shi p O f H i st o r yt o P o e tr y m a y be r e fou n d so m e

p ro fo u n d st u d y by B a c on Of Ari st o t l e (
“
D e A u gm e n t i s A ri s
t o t l e w ri t e s The di ffe re n c e b e t w e e n t he hi stori a n a n d the p oe t

is n ot t ha t o n e sp e a k s in verse a n d t he o t he r i n p rose The r e a l .

d i st i n c t i o n i s, t ha t t ha o n e r e la t e s w ha t ha b e e n , t he o t her w ha t
'

m i ght ha v e be en . O n t hi s a c c ou n t P oetry i s more p hi losop hi ca l a n d

a m o re e x c e lle n t t hi n g t ha n hi st o r y ,
fo r p o e t r yi s c on v e r sa n t with

t he un iv e r sa l, hi st o r y w i t h t he p a rt i c u la r . H O W fr e q u en tl y
B a con i m p l i e s t he sa m e t hi n g m a y b e se e n i n t he fo llo w i n g

pa ssa ge s By Po e s yi n t hi s pla ce, we u n de r s t a n d n o t hi n g bu t

”
f ei gned Hi story or fa bles .Hi story i s p rop erly of i ndi vi dua ls ci rc u m
s cri bed wi thi n ti m e a n d p la ce
”
P o e s i n t ha t se n se w e ha e
. y v
e xp ou n de d i t , i s li kewi se f
o i n di vidu a ls, fa nc e i d t o t he si m ili t u de o f

t ho s e t hi n gs w hi c h i n t ru e hi st o r y a r e r e c o rde d, y e t s o a s o ft e n it
e x c e e ds m ea su re a nd t ho s e t hi n gs w hi c h i n na t u r e w o u ld ne v er

m e et, n or c om e to p a s s, Poesy c o m po se t h a nd i n t ro du c e t h a t

pl e a su r e , e v en a s P a i n ti n g do t h
”
(p . 7 7, B k II oo .
,
“
Ad v a n ce
”
m en t , T he r e i s a r e la t i o n shi p i m p li e d h e r e b e t w e e n
H i st o r y a nd Po e tr y ,
t he on e bel n g e l r c u m sc ri b e d t o t im e a nd

“
p la ce, t he o t he r n ot so . A ga i n , fo r a tru e n a rra ti o n m a y be

c om
po s e d in verse, a n d a f ei gn ed i n p rose In t he l a t t e r se n s e w e
.

ha v e a lre a d yd e t e rm i n e d it a
p r i n c i pa l m e m b e r o f l ea rn i n g, a n d

ha v p la
e c ed it ne xt u n to hi st o r y ,
se e i n g it is g n o t hi n e l se t ha n

(Po e t ry B k II
” “
i m i ta ti on of hi story a t p lea su re ,
oo p 1 05 , . Ad .

v a n c em e n t,
”
A ga i n , “
Dra ma ti ca l or Rep resen ta ti ve (P o e t r ) y
i s, a s i t w e re , a vi si ble hi story (p . We m a y p e rc e i v e ho w
de t e rm i n e d B a c on is to c la ss Hi st o r y a n d Po e tr y t o g e t her, a s

pa rt i c u la r a n d u n i v e rsa l a sp e c t s o f
p a st a n d pr e se n t hi st o r y .
 E I S T O R Y, P O E T R Y, A ND P H I L O S O P H Y .

Le t u s c o n s ide r t ha t ou t of t he t hi rt y -
si x p la y s of t he 1 6 2 3
”
Fo li o , no l e ss t ha n ten a re e n t i t le d
“
H is tori es, a n d a r e n o t hi n g bu t
“
fei gn ed histori es,
”
or
“
i m i t a ti on o f hi shrry a t p lea sure,
”
in e xa c t l y
t he se n se B
i n c u lca t e s i n t he pa ssa ge u o t e d
a c on If w e a dd t o q .

p y
t he C hro n i c le la s, t he hi s t o ri ca l la s o f
p C o ri o la n u s,
” “
J u li u s y
Cae sa r,
” “
Ti m o n O f A t he n s,
” “
Ti t u s A n dr o n i c u s ,
” “
An t o n a n d y
” ”
C le o pa t ra ,
M a c b e t h, ho w grea t i s t he n u m be r o f t he s e
“
fei gn ed
his tori es,
”
t r ea t e d po e t i ca ll y ,
a nd
“
fa n ci ed to the si m i li tude of those

thi n gs whi ch i n tru e hi story a re recorded I n de e d, a lm o s t t h e

e n t i re F o li o c o n si s t s o f y
pla s o f t hi s c ha ra c t e r . Fo r “
Ha m le t ,
”

Le a r,
” “
O t he llo ,
”
y
C m b e li n e , t ho u gh n o t s o s t ri c t l yi n a c c o rd

w i t h hi st o r y a s t he c hro n i c l e s a n d c la y
l p la s , a re n e e rt he le ss
ss i ca v
ea c h fou n de d u po n , a nd wo v en r o u n d c e rt a i n hi s t o r i c a l gu re s , fi
t ra di t i o n s, or m yth s t he dra m a t i st b o rr o w e d fro m .
“
Ha m l e t ,
”

tak f en ro m Sa xo -
G ra m m a t i cu s, ha s a n hi st o ri ca l ba si s fo r fa c t s .

C ym b li e ne r ea ll y li v ed ; hi s u n c le , Ca ssi bu la n, ho ldi n g fo r c hi e f

to w n Verola n i u m ( or Ve ru la m ) , t he si t e of S t Alba n s, B a c on s
’
ho m e .

“
O t he l l o
”
(bo rr o w e d fro m Ci n t hi o
’
s no v el p ro ba bl so m e
) ha s y
o r i gi n i n fa c t . In s ho r t , t he on l y pl y a s n o t o f t hi s c ha ra c t e r o f

“
fei gne d hi story a re t he C o m e di e s, if v e en c e rt a i n pi e c e s li e t he k
Co m e d y of Err o rs b o rro w e d fro m Pla u t u s, do n o t b e lo n g t o
Dra m a t i c hi s t o r y ”
e
r e dr ss e d ? On l y t hi rt e e n y
p la s o u t o f
t hi rt y -
si x do n ot b e lo n g t o w ha t , s t ri c t l y pea s k i n g, i s o n l y
“
fei gne d hi story,
”
a s B a c on ca l ls p o e t r y . The re fo r e , i n c la s s i n g

H i st o r y a nd Po e t r yt o
g e t he r, i n a n i n t e rc ha n
g ea b le se n se o f pa s t
m a de pre s e n t , a n d ca lli n g dra m a t i ca l p o e t r vi si ble hi story, y ”

B a c o n i s p e rfe c t l y
lo gi c a l, a n d a t t he sa m e t i m e pre se n t s u s w i t h
a hi n t fo r t he grea t e r pa rt O f t he c ha ra c t e r o f t he 1 6 2 3 F o li o .

We a re bo u n d t o llo w t he po ssi bl e t ru t h o f t he t he o r w e
a y
p o s t u la te in c o n n e c t i o n wi t h t hi s c i p he r p ro ble m , t ha t t he pla s y
“
ma y c o n ta in a g re a t dea l m o r e true n a rra tio n t ho u gh w ri t t e n
“
in verse,
”
t ha n w e i m a gi n e . S o li k e wi s e t hi s a c tua l bo o k of

De Au gm e n t i s
”
we q u o te fro m , m a y c o n ta i n a grea t dea l
” “ “
“
fe i gned i n p rose, se e i n
g it is obsc u rely w ri tte n a n d t he p ri va te
n ess o
f the la n gua ge exc ludeth so ma n
y rea ders
”
a s B a c on w ri t e s .
 E I S T O R Y, P O E T R Y, A ND P H I L O S O P H Y . 1 55
M uch of B a c on s
’

p o e t r y or fei gn ed hi story, ma y c on t a in re a l
hi s t o r y of
“
li ves,
”
a nd
“
rela ti o ns,
”
a nd
“
ti m es, y e t hi dde n i n
a s

u n di sc o v e r e d c i p he r . B u t b e t hi s t ru e or n o, y
Po e t r i s n o t hi n g
bu t M e m o r y or fe i gn e d Hi st o r y ,
a nd it se e m s to us a lm o st
e vi d en t , B a c on i n t ro du c e s H i st o r y wi th re
g a r d t o Po e tr y a nd

w it h re
g a rd to M emory or Cus tody ( c ha p .v B k . oo w hi c h w e

fi n d i m m e di a t e l y
fo llo w e d by t he gre a t b k f oo o D e li v y
er on

C i p he rs . I n de e d i t i s n o t
g o i n
g t o o fa r t o su
gge st ,
i t i s i m p o ssi bl e
t o i m a gi n e t hre e m o r e p e rfe c t fo u n da t i o n s t ha n M em or y Im , gi n a a

t io n , a nd Re a so n , em a n a ti n g i n t o H i st o r y ,
Po e tr y ,
a n d Phi lo

so p h y ,
a s t hr e e gre a t pri n c i ple s ( p
i m l i n
g fy
a c u lt i e s o f t he m i n d) ,

un de rl i n g y phi lo s o phi c a l Dra

a m a , i n t e n de d fo r r e e la t i o n o r v
di sc o v y er . In t he li ght o f a gre a t Ci phe r Ke y w o r , p o i n t i n g t o k
pl y k fi y
“ ”
t he a s, t hi s b o o O f D e A u gm e n t i s , i s su f c i e n t l pr e gn a n t
i n t he se t ri pa rt i t e di i si o n s (bra c v k eted t o g e t he r i n t h e t a b l e or

p la t fo rm o f t he de si gn ) t o su gge st a ll w e c la i m fo r t he c ha ra c t e r

of t hi s w o r k : If B a c on ha d b e e n no
po et, we su gge st he w o u l d
n ot ha v e t hu s b ro u ght p o e t r y i n t o p r o m i n e n c e a n d c la ss e d i t
a m o n gst t he sc i e n c e s . T he w or k
i s t he ba se m e n t , do o r, a n d
a c c e ss to a stru c tu re o f li tera tu re, a n d n o bo d y w e m a i n ta i n k new

“ ”
t hi s b e t t e r t ha n t he w r i t e r . P oetry i s n ot a kn owledge, he w ri t e s,
bu t a l
p y f
a o wi t,
”
a nd t he sc i e n t i fi c a i r w i t h w hi c h he di sgu i se s
a ll t hi s w a s on l p y a rt of hi s de si gn . Wha t w e a sk ha s t he
I n sta u ra tion , o f w hi c h t hi s i s t he firs t p a r t (c a ll e d a pr epa ra t i e v or

k e y fo r t he b e t t e r open i n g Of i t ) t o do w i t h Po e t r y a n d Hi st or y?
L e t t ho s e w ho w o u l d re pl y “
t he w o r k is onl y a n e n u m e ra t i o n

a n d re v i e w o f t he c hi e f di v i si o n s of l e a rn i n g st u d y th pre fa c e s
e .

The y w i ll se e t he G re a t I n st a u r a ti on is a n en ti re whole, a n d,

m o re ov e r , a crea ti ve whole (
c o m pa r e d t o t he si x da y s
) ,
on e pa r t
t o be a l
pp i e d t o a n o t he r pa rt , a n d e m bra c i n g y
t pe s of in v ti en on a s

e x a m pl e s of i llu s t ra t i o n t o t he B a c o n ia n l o gi c or i n du c ti v yt e s s em .

In t he “
Ad v a n c em en t a nd P ro fi c i e n c e of L ea rn i n
g,
”
1 605

In s pi t e o f t h is st a t e m e n t , Ba c on m a kes P oetr y on e o f the F ou nd a ti on s of

“
hi s A dva Th e fa c t t h a t hi s t hi rd fa c u l t y , Re a
‘
n c em e n t o f L ea
rn i n g son ,

sh o u l d c o n s i s t o f
“ ”
C i ph e rs a n d v ”
D e l i e ry o f S e c re t Kn o wl e dg e i s s u s pi c i ou s .
1
56 H I S T O R Y, P O E T R Y, A ND P H I L O S O P H Y

“
(w hi c h m a y be c o n si de re d t he first bi rth of t he 1 62 3 De
A u gm e n t i s ) we r ea d “
It (Po e t r y) i s ta k en in t w o s e n se s in
re s
p e c t o f words or m a tte r In t he rs t s e n se i t i s b u t a c ha r
. fi
a y
c t e r o f s t l e a n d b e l o n e t h t o a r t s o f s e e c h, a n d i s n o t
g p p e r t i nen t

fo r t he pre se n t In the la tter i t i s (a s ha th bee n sa id) on e of the

.

p ri n cip a l p ortion s of le a rn i n g, a n d is no thi n g e lse bu t fei gn e d his tory ,

whi ch ma y be styled a s we ll i n p rose a s ve rse
”
(B k oo i ii . It
i s m o st i m po rt a nt to n ote t he di s t i n c t i o n B m k
a con a es bet we e n
w ords a nd ma tte r w i t h re ga r d t o po e t r y . F o r he e vi de n t l y m u st
ha v e ha d s o m e rea so n fo r so do i n g . A n d w e ge t a hi n t i n t he
w o rds, SO a s t he o l o g y c o n si s t e t h a lso o f hi s t o r o f t he C hur c h, y
o f p a ra bles ,
whi ch is di vi n e p o esy .
”
Thi s t ho r ou ghl y is in k e e pi n g

w i t h hi s st a t e m e n t t ha t P o e t r y is “
fei gn ed hi story,
”
w hi c h m a y

be st yl ed a s w e ll i n p r o s e a s in v e rse . In t he
“
Ad v a n c em e n t of

L e a rn i n g,
”
1 64 0, he w ri t e s “
A s fo r Na rra ti ve P oesy, o r, if you

p l ea se , H eroi ca l (so you u ndersta n d it of the ma tter, n ot o f the ve rse

) ,

”
i t se e m s t o b e ra i se d a l t o ge t he r fro m a n ob l e fo u n da t i o n (p .

“
A ga i n , Re p re se n t a t i v e (P oetry Dra m a ti c al) i s a s a visi ble

hi story, a nd is a n i m a ge Of a ction s a s i f t he y w e re p re s e n t , a s

hi st o r yi s of a ction s in na tu re a s t he y a re
(t ha t is
) pa st
”
(1 605 ,

B k oo iv . B a con s
’
t w o gre a t di v i si o n s ( or em a n a t ion s of

m e m or y a nd i m a g i n a t i o n ) , H i st o r y a nd Po e tr y ,
be c om e r ea ll y
t wo a sp e c t s o f Hi st o r y ,
vi z .
,
“
Rea l History
”
a nd
“
F ei gned His tory,
t he fo rm e r pa st , t he la t t e r p re se n t i n t he C hr o n i c l e hi st o ri ca l

p la y s, a n d
p e rha
p s m o r e r e a l i n t he se n s e o f i m m o r ta li t , t ha n y
t he de a d p erso n a g e s o f t he p a s t t he a r e Co p i e d fro m y .

If w e n o w t u rn t o
’
a c o n s t hir d fa c u l t B
o f t he m i n d— Rea y so n

—w e fi n d i t i n te rpr e t e d a s Phi lo so p h y . Whe n we c om e to st u d y

i t i n t he “
De A u gm e n t i s c ri t i c a lly ,
we a re su rp ri s e d t o fin d

w ha t pro m i n e n c e a c o n ha B i n pa rt o f a n e n t i re bo o , t o
s
gi v en , k
Ha n di n g on the la mp for p osteri ty, a n d The Wisdom
” “
Cip hers ,
o f P ri va te Sp eech
”
F o r t he se su b e c t s a re n o t c o n c e rn e d wi t h
. j
p hilo so ph y or sc i e n c e i n t he a c c e pt e d se n se , o r i n t he s
p i ri t Of

B a con s
’
i n du c t i v e in q u i ri e s in t o “
C o ld a nd H ea t ,
” “
M o t io n ,
”

“
Hea v y a nd Li ght ,
”
a nd ki n dre d su b e c t s j . T he se su b e c ts j do
 H I S T O R Y, P O E TE y; A ND P H I L O S O P H Y . 1 57

n o t sta nd si n gl i n t he Si t h o o y x B k b t ffili t d t t h t ,
u a re a a e o e a r

o f j ud i n
g g or logi c, a n d a re r e a ll yp t fB fi t f lt y a r o a c on s
’
rs a cu ,

Mem or yO r Hi s t o r y a s C t dy T th p f
us o d t hi k (w h
. o e ro o u n n er o

s t u di e s t he s e t hi n gs i n th w k) t h i p lp bl m t h d d
e or e re s a a e e o a n

se q u en c e t hro u ghou t a ll t hi s T he gla ri n g p o i n t i s t ha t a ll t hi s

.

a
pp li e s t o Li tera tu re, a n d n ot to Na tu re a t a ll F o r e x a m pl e , ho w .

a re we to e xp l a i n w ha t B a c on ca l ls “
E xp eri en ti a Li tera ta s ive

Veri a ti s P a n i s
” “
? ( b
L i . v .
, p 2 2 6 )
. He ca ll s t hi s Li tera te E xp eri
en ce ,
”
a n d a n A rt f
o Di scovery a t t he sa m e t im e . H e di st i n c t l y
se
pa ra t e s t hi s fro m In terp re ta ti o Na tu rce or Novum Orga n u m .

B u t w hy i t sho u ld ha v e t hi s na m e,
“
L i tera te E xp eri en ce, i s a
”

m ys t e r y ,
u n l e ss it r e fe rs , a s w e b e li e v e, t o s o m e o t he r o f
’
a c on s B
“ ”
w ri t i n gs ? In t he Pla t fo rm of t he De si gn (T a bl e of di v i si o n s
of t he w o r k) We fi n d
H elp s to m emory t fld
III M E M O RY j
.

C US T OD Y or
m
.

’wn
M em ory i tself by
‘

i n t o CH APTE R V .

E m blem .

T he rea de r w ho t u rn s t o pa g e 2 5 5 a n d rea ds w ha t i s di sc u sse d

u n de r t he se la st su b di i si o n s, wi ll fi n d -

v a l l t hi s i s p p li e d t o a

In ven ti on ,
”
a n d n ot to na t u re o r sc i e n c e . He wi ll fin d t he n e t x
p a
ge i n t ro du c i n g t he S i x t h B k oo a g re a t s y st em Of M n emon i cs
i n t he w o rds c om m en ci n
g t he su b e c t j (p .
“
No w le t us

c om e u n t o t he Ar t o f D e l i v y er ,
o r o f e x p r e s s i n g, a n d tra f
n s erri n
g
those thi n gs whi ch a re i n ven ted, j u dged a n d la id up i n the M E M O RY,
”
whi ch, by a gen era l na m e , we wi ll ca ll Tra diti on . T hi s e st a b
li sh e s t he c on n e ction or a fi
f li a t i o n w e p o s t u la t e , b e t w e e n t hi s
C i p he r s y st e m ,
a n d Cu stody, M emory, or H i story We m u st .

re m e m b e r t ha t B a c on ha s ca ll e d P o e t r y f ei gn ed H i story,
”
a nd

de c la re d a
“
true hi story
”
ma y b e w ri t t e n i n P o etr y ,
a nd a

f ei gn ed i n p r ose T ru l . y c o n si de r e d, t he p la y s of t he Sha k e

s p ea r e s o c a ll e d T he a t r e a r e
-
n e a rl y a ll H i st o ri e s, a n d a re j u st a s

H o li n sh e d s Chr o n i c l e s, fro m w hi c h i n
’
e n t i t le d to t he t i t le a s

g re a t m ea sur e so m e a re bo rr o w e d . T he y a re v
li i n g , s
p ea ki n
g
hi st o r i e s o f a c t i o n , a n d a re
“
t ru e hi s t o r i e s, i n t he s e n se t he y a re

n o t c i rc u m s c rib e d to a ny t im e , a n d a r e r e pr e s e n t a ti v e of t he pa st
 x5 8 H I S T O R Y; P O E T R Y, A ND P H I L O S O P H Y .

m a de pre se n t . Bu t w a i vi n g e v en t hi s c la i m fo r t he t i t le w e
b e g fo r t he m , t he ym y c o n ta i n c i p he r r e c o rds t ha t
a a re of a ma z

y
’

i n g i n t e re st a n d t r u t h fo r hu m a n i t , i n t he se n se of hi sto ry of

q ui te a n o t he r so r t A n d i t i s i n t hi s b e l i e f w e po i n t to t he se
.

M n emon i cs a s a n a rt o f De li v e r y
fr o m C u st o d o r M e m o r , t o wi t , y y
recollecti on or re me mbra n ce T he s t u de n t w ill fin d a l l t hi s dea ls
wi t h wri ti n g, l i tera te exp e ri en ce , a n d n o t wi t h S c i e n c e or Na t u re a t

a ll . B a co n ha gi e n
s v u s o u t li n e s , hi n ts , s k e t c he s o f a grea t m e t ho d
of Ci phe rs o f si g n s a n d e m bl e m s f or S ome thi n g ou tside the work
i tse lf, yet a fi li a ted to thi n gs i n ven ted, whi ch a re con nec ted u i th

H i story a nd P oetry Is i t n o t hi n
g t ha t w e ha e t he s e outside
. v
“
thi n gs i n ven ted, de sc rib e d a s t p e s a n d pl a t fo rm s o f n v e n t i o n ,
”
y I
u p o n p a g e s 35 , 3 6 o f t he Di st ri bu t i o n P r e fa c e , a n d r e fi n d t he -

g r e y
a t s st e m o f
“
D eli very,
”
g i vi n
g u s u n de r t he T hi rt fif t h a n d y -

T hi rt y -
si x t h S ta rs,
“
gestu res by con gru i ty,
” “
cha ra c te rs rea l
”
or

dea d figu res,

” ”
Cip hers, a n d t ha t t he pla s a re t hi rt fi v e i n t he y y -

y
C a ta lo gu e a n d t hi rt si x i n t he (b o d O f t he w o r ) 1 623 Fo li o ?
-
y k
S i de by si de t he s e t w o w o r k s ( t he p la y s a nd t he
“
De A u g m e n t i s)
a r e p u b l i she d t he sa m e ea y r ! T he p ro o f t ha t B ’
a con s
“
I/i te ra te
E xp er ie n ce
”
or
“
Hu n ti ng o f
”
y
P a n , i s pu re l c o n n e c t e d w i t h t he

p la y s, m a y be se e n i n t he fa ble of Pa n, w hi c h i s i n t ro du c e d on

t he h e e ls of t he Dra m a a nd Po e tr y ,
a n d is e m b ra c e d in t he

T hea t re (pa ge
y
In s t u d i n g t hi s proble m , i t i s hi ghl i n di sp e n sa ble t o c o lla t e y
t he 1 605 B k
Tw o o o s o f t he Ad a n c e m e n t O f L ea rn i n g wi th t he v
1 62 3 De A u gm e n t i s a nd i t s t ra n sla t i o n , 1 6 4 0, by G i lb ert Wa ts .

If t he s t u de n t wi ll s t u d t he t w o la s t y a s a de v e l o pm e n t o u t o f t he

se c on d boo k of t he fi rst , he wi ll a rr i v e a t t he c o n c l u si o n B a con

wa s m a t ur i n g so m e p la n, r e p ea ti n g t he sa me t hi n g i n 1 6 23,
vi z .
,
r e pro du c i n g t he fi rs t boo k or Di gn i ty of Lea rn i n g e n t i re l y ,

w hi c h i s c u ri o u s, se e i n g it a lrea d y e xi s t e d . In 1 605 B a con

U po n
pa ge 5 3, v
M e rry Wi es o f Wi n dsor (Sha k es pea re s m o n u m e n ta l
“ '

a ge , w e fi n d t h e l o7 t h , l o6t h w o rds co u n ted up f r om the bo tto m of

”
t he co l u m n (1 06 ) to be You r Rem embra n ce Up on p a g es 1 07 , 1 06 of the .

1 64 0 A dva ncem en t, S ta ge P la ys a nd the Dra m a a re disc ussed .

 H I S T O R Y, P O E TR Y, AND P H I L OS O P H Y . 1 59

p u bli she d The T w o “

oo s of B k
t he A d a n c e m e n t a n d P r o v
”
fi c i e n c y o f L e a rn i n g, de di c a t e d t o t he Ki n g Thi s w o r c o n . k
t a i n s t he t hre e fu n da m e n t a l fa c u lt i e s of t he m i n d, M e m o ry ,
Im a
gi n a t i o n , Re a so n , c o rre sp o n di n g to H i st o r y ,
Po e tr y ,
P hi lo
S oph y ,
a s i n t he “
De A u gm e n t i s, 1 6 2 3 In 1 6 1 2
”
a c o n w ri t e s . B
a t re a t i s e e n t i t le d,
“
A De sc ri pt i o n o f t he n t e ll e c t u a l G lo b e ,
”
I
w hi c h c om m en c e s wi t h (i n su bsta n c e
) t he sa me su b e c t j Pa rt s of

hu m a n l ea rn i n
g a s t he S e c o n d B k oo Of t he 1 605 “
Ad v a n c em en t .
”

S O t ha t , a s Sp e ddi n g t ru l yt e l ls u s, t hi s t ra ct wa s a n a tt e m p t t o

r e w r i t e o r r e ca st t he S e c o n d B k oo of t he 1 605
“
Ad v a n c em e n t .
”

It sho w s v e r y pl a in l yB a c on he ld t he p la n b e fo r e hi m a s he gre w
o lde r ( a nd
p e rha p s w ro t e y
m o re pla s) , o f a lteri n g a n d develop i n g
the scheme a nd su bdi vi si on s of hi s su b ec tj ba sed u p on History,
P oetry, a nd P hi losop hy . Le t it e v er b e b o rn e i n m i n d t h e
fi r st bo o k of t he
“
Di gn i t y of Lea rn i n
g is on l yp re
pa ra t i e , a n d v
c a n n ot be e st e e m e d m o r e t ha n a
p ro e m . B a c on l e ft t ha t a s i t
wa s, a n d it i s onl y i n t he em a n a tion s of H i st o r y ,
Poetr y ,
a nd

P hi l o so ph y we fi n d de v e l o p m e n t a nd p ro gr e ss . In t he 1 62 3
D e Au gm e n t i s w e fi n d n i n e o o B k s . Ei ght of t he s e B k oo s a re

v
de e lo p e d o r a m pli c a t i o n s o f t he s fi k e t c he s O f m o st of t he su b e c t s j
e m bra c e d i n t he S e c o n d B k oo of t he 1 605 “
Ad v a n c em e n t .
”
SO
t he rea de r m u st r e m e m b e r, t ha t w e a re i n p o sse ssi o n o f t hre e
w or ks (if n ot fo u r) w hi c h a re on l y c o n t i n u a l r e p e t i t i o n s, e n

l a rge m e n t s, u po n fu n da m e n ta ll y t he sa me t he m e . I n a sm u c h
a s t h e t ra n sl a tion of t he
“
De A u gm e n t i s (1 64 0) di ffe rs la rge l y
i n de ta ils from t h e La t i n v e r s i o n fr o m w hi c h i t w a s su
pp o s e d t o
b e t ra n sl a t e d, i t re q u i re s t o b e i n t ro du c e d i n t o t he se r i e s fo r
c om
p a ri s o n . Thu s w e ha v e a ll t he s e a s a t ru n k or t re e w i t h

i t s b ra n c he s a n d
gro wt h

1 605 . Tw o B koo s of t he Adv a n c e m e n t o f L e a rn i n g .

1 61 2 .
“
D e s c ri p t i o n of I nt ell e c t u a l G lo b e ,
”
a nd The m a
”
C oeli .

I 1 62 3 .
“
De Au gm e n t i s, Ni n t h o o B k .

l 1 64 0 .
“
T ra n sla t i o n o f De A u gm e n t i s .
 1 60 H I S T O R Y, P OE T R Y, A ND P H I L O S O P H Y .

B a con wa s e ve r a lt e ri n
g ,
a nd he wr i te s, “
No t hi n g is fi n i she d
t ill a ll i s fi n i s he d .
”

Si r P hi li p Si dn e y ,
in hi s “
De fe n c e of P o e si e , m a i n ta i n s
“
t ha t t he A n c i e n t P hi lo s o p he rs, di sgu i se d o r e m bo di e d t he i r

p hi lo so p hi e s a n d c o s m o o n i e s i n t he i r
g po e t r , y a s T ha le s, Em

pe do c le s, Pa rm e n i de s , P t ha go ra s, y a nd P ho c y c l i de s, w ho w e re

po e t s a n d phi lo so phe rs a t o n c e
”
. We ha v e on l y to r e ca ll t he
fra gm e n t s o f sa c re d v e rs epr e se rv ed t o u s i n t he h m n s o f y
O rphe u s, H e si o d, S a n c u m a t ho n , &c (vi de C o r s
’ “
An c i e n t . y
to e n do rse t hi s a sse r t i o n . B a con v yf q
er re u en tl y
q u otes a lm o st e v y er o n e of t he se p hilo so phe rs, a nd if t he s t u de n t

wi ll re a d w ha t B a c on w ri t e s u po n t he Dra m a S ta ge P la s ,
,
y a n d
Pa ra b o li ca l or Allu si v e Po e t r y (p a
g e s 1 06, 1 07 1 08 , “
Ad a v n ce
”
m en t, he w i ll fi n d a ll t hi s
p e a t e d i n s u b s ta n c e re a nd a t
’
le n gt h, sho wi n g ho w m u c h i t ha d ho ld o f a c o n s m i n d B . Bu t
y
P o e t r Pa ra b o li c a l exce ls a ll the rest, a n d s e e m e t h t o b e a sa c re d

a nd v e n e ra bl e t hi n g ; e spe c i a ll y se e i n
g Re li i o n
g i t s e lf ha t h
a llo w e d i t i n a w or k of t ha t na t u re , a nd b
y i t t ra ffi c s di vi n e
c o m m o di t i e s with m a n . Fo r i t se r v es fo r obscura tio n a nd it serves

f or i llus tra ti on
”
(p . 1 07 , “
Ad v a n c em e n t No r do e s he he re
dr o p t he j
su b e c t , bu t pa ge 1 08
re t u rn s T he reto i t a
g i n a u po n .
“

i s a n o t he r u se o f Pa ra b o li c a l P o e t r , O pp o si t e t o t he fo rm e r, y
w hi c h t e n de t h to the foldi n g up o f t ho se t hi n gs, t he di g n i t y
v
w he re o f de se r e s t o b e r e t i re d, a n d di st i n gu i s h t a s wi th a dra w n
’

c urta in . A ll t hi s fo ll o w s di re c t l y ,
a nd i s i n de e d pa rt o f hi s
di s c u ssi o n u po n t he Dra m a a nd S ta ge P la y s . In s t u d i n g t he s ey
pa ssa g e s, w e m u st re fle c t u po n B a con s
’
de e pl y
r e li i o u s si de ,
g
i llu st ra t e d i n t hi s w o r k by 1 5 0 q u o ta t i o n s fro m t he B i bl e . We
m u st fu r he r t n ot e hi s e xt ra o rdi n a r y
p ro fu n di t o f m in d a y n d
e xt re m e r e s e m b la n c e t o t ho se a n c i e n t P hilo s o he r P o e t s he
p so

O ft e n q u ote s i n t hi s w o r k ,
a s . T ha le s, De m o c ri t u s , H e ra c li t u s ,
O rp he u s, A n a x a go ra s, L e u c i ppu s, Pla t o , L u c re t i u s , P a rm e n ide s,
a ll of w ho s e p hi lo s o phi e s he ha d e xh a us ti v ly
e s t u di e d a n d co n

t e m pla t e d . The e xt ra o r di n a r y r e se m bla n ce of Bi n de pt h

a c on of

hi l s o phi ca l re s ea rc h to t hi s c la ss of o e t hil o so p he rs of
p o p p
 H I S T O R Y, P O E T R Y, A ND P H I L OS O P H Y .

a n ti q ity
u is v er y s t ri ki n
g, a nd is u n ited a t t he sa me tim e t o

a n i n spi r e d a n d re li gi o u s st yl e, ha lf O b sc u r e ha lf pro phe t i c

a nd .

We ha v e a lre a d y a llu de d t o t hi s c la ssi c a l a n d c u r i ou s c o m b i na t i o n

of p hil o s o p h y , p o e t r y ,
a n d r e li gi o n i n t hi s w o r k ,
w hi c h i s m o s t

re m a r k a bl e . It i s j B
i n t he se p o i n t s, a c o n s e e m s t o u n i t e a ll
u st

t ha t w a s b e st i n a q y
n t i u i t , t o a ll t ha t i s b e st i n t he m o de rn

w ld or ,
i llu st ra t e d by hi s i n du c t i e m e t ho d We s e e m t o r e fi n d v .

e v y
er o n e o f t he se c la ssi c a l sa e s re i n c a rn a t e i n hi m ,
g ye t a m i n d
“ ’
o e rp e e ri n g t he m , a nd e n t i rel y o ri
gi na l . It i s t he m o st
w o n de rfu l c o m bi n a t i o n , w i t ho u t su bj ec ti o n to a n
y on e of t he m , O f

sp i ri t a n d e ss e n c e i t i s p o s si bl e t o e xpla i n , a n d y e t w i t ha l t he r e i s
t he p r e s e n c e fe lt o f t he p r o p he t O f t he O ld T e s t a m e n t o i n e d t o j
a ll t hi s . Id o n ot w ri t e t hi s u n de r t he i n flu e n c e o f e n t hu si a sm ,

bu t i n ca lm l y c ri t i c a l sp i ri t . An d i t j u m ps e x a ctl y w ith w ha t

B a con wr i t e s u po n a n ti q ity
u a nd no v lt y
e ,
i n c li n i n g t o n e i t he r

u n du l y , bu t u n i ti n g bo t h a s G od Ma n -
. Thi s m a y i n o e vk
r idi c u l e or e xc i t e la u ght e r, bu t i s v y
er sho rt i n de e d o f w ha t

all t he b e st p e n s o f p o st e ri t wi ll y r e c o rd u po n t hi s m a r v e llo u s

m a n , w he n t he t ru t h i s m o r e pla i n l y r e c o gn i s e d .

The r e i s ha rdl y a n a u t ho r q u o t e d, illu st ra t e d, or b o rro w e d fro m

i n Sha k e sp e a r e , w hi c h w e do n ot fi n d a lso q u ot e d or a llu de d t o by
B a con i n hi s pro se w r i t i n gs . Fo r e x m pl t h
a e, e c la s si c a l hi s t o ri ca l

l
p a y k s li e “
J u li u s C ae sa r,
” “
An t on y d Cl a n e o pa t ra ,
” “
Ti m o n ,
”

C o ri o la n u s,
”
a re e x c lu si v e l y dra w n fro m P lu t a rc h s
’ “
Li v e s,

a nd Lu c i a n . A ll t he t rifli n g de t a ils e n t e re d i n t o by P l u t a rc h
a re i n t he pl a O f A n t o n a
re pro du c e d y “
y n d C l e o a t ra ,
p
”
e en to v
t he i n c i de n t o f t he sa l t fi sh pla c e d u p o n t he ho o o f A n t o n by a k y
di e r v O pe n t he
.
“
De Au gm e n t i s o f 1 62 3 (o r i t s t ra n sla t i o n O f

1 640 b y Wa t s) , a n d s e e ho w o ft e n Plu t a r c h i s u o t e d— p a g e s 1 6, q
2 0, 2 1 , 24 , 5 2 , 5 3 (tw i c e ) , 5 4 (t hr e e t i m e s ) , 5 6, 5 7 , 9 9 , 1 2 1 , 2 1 1 ,
35 1 , 35 2 , 35 6, 3 6 6, 37 5 , 39 9 , 4 00, 4 1 3 (t w i c e ) ,
4 2 1 , 4 2 5 , 4 2 6,
4 2 7 , 4 69 , a nd we a re n o t a t a ll su r e t hi s e x ha u st s a ll B a c on s
’
q u ota

Fo r w e a re c a rri e d in so m e de gre e , wi t h a n e qu a l t e m p e r o f desi re , b o t h

t o i m pro v e t h e l a b o u rs of t h e A n c i e n t s, a nd t o m a ke fa rt h e r pro gre ss
(Di st ri b u t i o n Pre fa ce, p 22 ,
.
“
Ad v a n c em e n t ,
1 62 H I S T O R Y, P O E TR Y, A ND P H I L O S O P H Y .

t ion s . H o w fo n d he m u s t ha v e be e n of t hi s a u t ho r m a y be j u dg e d .

T he “
Co m e d y of Erro rs
”
wa s b o rro w e d fro m t he “
M e n aec hm i
”

”
of Pla u tu s In Tro ilu s a nd C re ssida , t he e s o e s a re re p ro
.
p r na
g
du c e d fro m H o m e r s
’ “
I li a d .
”
In t he “
De A u gm e n t i s
”
Pla u t us

is q u o t ed
p g a es 2 4 , 3 4 , 5 3, 5 4 , 5 6, 9 9 , 2 8 3, 2 9 6, 338 , 3 5 1 , 3 6 5 ,
366, 37 5 , 38 9 , 4 00, 4 1 3, 4 2 1 , 4 25 , 4 2 6, 4 2 7 , 4 6 9 , s ho w i n
g Ba con

ha d hi m by hea rt , a nd wa s a s de e pl y re a d in t hi s c la ssi ca l
dra m a t i st a s i n Plu t a rc h s
’ “
Li v es .
”
S e n e ca (q u o t e d i n
“
Ha m l e t
”
)
a l so w a s on e of B a c on s
’
fa v o u ri t e a u t ho r s, a n d is q u o ted pa ge s
1 5 , 2 3, 36, 5 3, 1 1 3, 1 7 8 , 2 1 9 , 24 7 , 300, 334 , 336, 343, 3 5 1 .

An d i t i s c e rt a in l y w o rt h y n ote B a con q u otes P lu ta rc h tw ic e

u po n pa g e 5 3, t hr e e t i m e s u po n
pa g e 5 4 P la u t u s a lso pa g e s 5 3,
5 4, 5 6 ; S e n e c a , pa ge fo r t he se gu r e s r e pre se n t Sha e fi k
s
’

p e a re s a n d B a con s a
’

g e s, 1 6 1 6 (fift y t hre e a n d fi ft y si x , a n d i t i s
- -

u pon pa g e s 5 3, 5 4 of b o t h C o m e di e s a nd H i s t o ri e s B a c on s n a
’
m e,
a n d t he C hri st i a n na m e s F ra n cis a n d Wi llia m ,
a re i n t ro du c e d) .

If t h e re a de r w ill t u rn t o t he I n de x o f
“
Hu m a ne A u t ho rs,
”
c i te d

by B a con i n t he “
Ad v m t
a n ce en
”
(
“
De A u g m e n t i s ) o f 1 640, a t
”

t he en d of t he w o r k h w i ll i
,
e n a m o m e n t fi n d hi m s e l f i n t he

po si t i o n of fo rm i n g a j dgm t
u en , of B a c on s
’
fa v ou rit e s t u di e s o r

a u t ho r s . At
gla n c e he w ill s e e a n e n o rm o u s p re po n de ra n c e o f
a

q u o ta t i o n s fro m P la u t u s, S e n e ca , Vi rgi l (2 6 )
u o ta t i o n s , O vi d q
H o ra c e (7 P la t o Ta c i t u s a n d C i c e ro sho w i n g

t he i n c li n a t i o n s o f B a c on s
’
m in d .

Ve r y c u r i o u sl y P lu t a r c h i s om it t e d fro m t he I n de x . T he re i s
s ca r c e ly a ra r e a u t ho r c i t e d, o r i m i ta t e d i n t he pla s, w e do n o t y
fin d B a con fa m i lia r wi t h . x
F o r e a m ple , P t ha go ra s i s a llu de d y
t o i n t he
“
M e rc ha n t of Ve n i c e
”
(a c t i v . so .
“'
l\7ve lft h Ni ght
( a ct iv . so .
“
A s Yo u Li k e It
”
(a c t i ii . se . He ra c li t u s i s
i n di re c t l yi n t ro du c e d a ct i . sc . 2, “
M e r c ha n t of Ve ni c e , Epi c uru s
”

i s pr e se n t e d a s t he pl e a su re se e i n g m a t e ri a li st o f hi s to r i n -
k y
“
An t o n y
a n d C le o p a t ra
”
(a ct ii se
“
K i n
”
g L ea r (a c t i . . .

”
M e rry W i v e s Wi n ds o r
“ “ ”
se . M a cbe th ( a ct v . se . of

At t e n t i o n i s ca ll e d t o t h i s , b e ca u se i n t h e 1 6 4 0 Ad v
a n ce m en t o f L ea rn
” ’

i n g , pa g e 5 5 i s m i s p a ged 5 3, S ha kesp ea r e s a ge , 1 6 1 6 .
 H I S T O R Y, P O E T R Y, A ND P H I L O S O P H Y 1 63

(a c t ii . sc . H e ra c li t u s w a s e v i de n t l y a fa v o u ri t e st u d y of

B a c on s
’
. He q u otes hi m i n hi s “
Un i o n Of Ki n gdo m s, i n hi s
”

D e A u gme n t i s y
“ ” “
A po pht he gm s, a n d i n t hi s . P t ha go ra s, p .

1 08 , a nd fre q u en t l y e l s e w h e re ( n o t i n t he I n de x
) . Es sa y on

Fri e n dshi p
”
(E p i cu ru s, p 1 1 8 , A d a n c em e n t ,
.
“
v
— k
.

“
G e rv i n u s wr i t e s If S ha e sp e a r e ha d ha d o c c a si o n a t a ny

t im e t o na m e hi s i dea l,
~
a nd t o de n o t e t he hi ghe s t e x a m pl e s of

dra m a t i c a rt w hi c h la y b e fo r e hi m , h e w o u l d ha v e na m ed n on e

bu t P la u t u s a nd S e n e ca . No w he re w e fi n d B a con q u oti n g or

a llu di n g, i n on e wor k onl y ,

twe n t y—f ou r t i m e s t o Pla u tu s . C i c e ro ,
A ri st o t l e , Vir gi l, a n d Pla u t u s s ta n d fi r st i n t he Ca t a l o gu e o f t he
f q
“ ”
1 6 4 0 A dv a n c e m e n t i n p o i n t o u o t a t i o n s o r a ll u si o n s t hu s

Ci c ero (qu o t e d 31 t i m e s ), Ar i st o t l e Vi rgi l P la u t u s

P e r si u s w a s e v i de n t l yk n ow n t o t he a u t ho r o f t he pl a y s (a c t i .

se . 1, a n d u po n p.2 2 2 “
A dv a n c em e n t, B a con a llu de s
t o hi m . Ari st o t le i s q u oted in Tro ilu s a nd Cr e ssida w i t h t he

sa me m i s ta k e a s we re fi n d B a c on re p e a tin g . Pa ul S t a p fe r
wr i t e s “
If w e t a k e t he w o rd
‘
le a rn i n
g i n i t s la rg e a nd l i b e ra l
s e n se , then o f a ll men tha t ever li ved, S ha ke sp ea re i s on e o f the most
lea rn ed
(p . H o w t hi s a c c o rds wi th B ’
a c o n s a ss e r t i o n ,

ha v e ta k en a ll l e a rn i n g fo r m y pro vi n c e The m o st o b st i n a t e .

a nd p re j u di c e d o pp o n e n t o f t h e a c o n i a n t he or m u st gra n t B y
B a con wa s a s de e pl y re a d i n t he c l a ss i c a l dra ma t i c a l m o de l s a nd

p o e t s a s t he a u t ho r o f t he pla y s, a n d it is su r
p ri si n
g t o fi n d t he

ben t of B a c on s
’
m in d a s m u c h i n c li n e d t o p o e t r y p hi lo s o ph
a s y .

Ra b e la i s i s a llu de d t o i n A s You Li k e It (a c t i i i s c 2 ) . .

Yo u m u st b o rr o w m e Ga rga
’
Ce l i a . n tu a s m o u th .

C o m pa r e H o l o fe rn e s i n “
Lo v e s
’
L a b our
’
s L o st . In t he Op en

ing of t he Si t hx B k f th D oo o e
“
e A u gm e n t i s B a c on w ri t e s
“
Who t he n k w i f t hi w k f
no s s or o o u rs be
p e rc ha n c e a t ra
n ot n

sc ri pt ou t o f a ni t b k f a n c en oo o u n d o f t ha t fa m o u s l i b ra r y Of

S t Vi ctor, a ca t a l o gu e w h e re o f M . F ra Ra bela i s ha t h c o ll e c t e d .

Fo r t he r e a boo k i s fo u n d e n t i t l e d, F orn i ca ri u m A rti u m .

”
Thi s
“
Sh a k e sp e a re a nd Cl a ssi c a l A n t i qu i t y .
1 64 H I S T O R Y, P O E T R Y, A ND P H I L O S O P H Y .

is a c tu a ll y a t i t l e gi v en i n Ra b e la i s ’
wor k A th
s . th no er a u or

rea k
d by S ha e sp ea re w a s Du a rta s We e , B ’ “
k q t d by B uo e a c on
“
i n t he De A u gm e n t i s
”
M o n ta i g n e s Essa s
’
. y h d vi d t ly a e en a n

e n o rm ou s i n u e n c e u o n
p b o t hfl S h a e s e a re
p k d B a nF a con . or

t he E ssa y u
po n Dea t h is “
a lm o s t a
p ro du c t i o n o f so m e
re

a s
p sa ge s i n t he Essa u po n t he y sa me su b e c t bjy t h e Fr e n c hm a n .

The re ca n n o t be a do u b t t he a u t ho r of t he pla y k s n ew Mo n
t a i gn e
’
s E ssa y s, a s t he re a re t o be r e fo u n d pa ssa
g i n t he p la
es y
of t he “
T e m p e st ,
”
pa r t i c u la rl y a re
pro du c t i o n o f t he c ha
pt e r o n
“
Ca n n iba ls .
”
M . Cha s l e s l o o k s u po n t he ea y r 1 6 03, i n w hi c h

(fro m t he da t e 1 6 03 w r i t t e n i n Sha k e sp ea re s
’
o wn ha n d (2) in
t he B ri t i sh M u se u m c op y of t he Essa y s t ra n sla ted by Flo r i o )
he i m a gi n e s M o n ta i g n e e x e rc i se d a p o w e r ful in fl u en ce u po n t he

a u t ho r o f t he
p l a s ,
a y s a t u rn i n g p o i n t i n hi s li t e ra
-
r y c a re e r .

No w , B a con i n hi s Essa y
llu de s t o M o n ta i gn e , a n d i f
s ope n l y a

he w a s n o t t he a u t ho r hi m se lf o f t he s e E ssa s, a s s o m e
p e o p le y
be li e v e, b o rr o w e d i n a re c l e ss m a n n e r fro m t he m k
M o n t a i gn e s
’
.

a dm i ra t i o n fo r P lu t a rc h fi n ds a s t ra n
g e pa ra ll e l i n B a con s
’
fo n d
n e ss fo r t hi s a u t ho r . Bu t w e ca n n ot en t er i n t o t ha t a t p re s e n t .

The re i s no dou b t S i r Tho m a s No rt h s ’

t ra n sla ti o n of Plu t a rc h s
’

Li v es
”
wa s t he so u rc e st u di e d by S ha k e sp ea r e , a nd p o s s i bl y
t hi s a cc ou n ts fo r t he o m i s si o n of P lu t a rc h fro m t he I n de x of

a u t ho r s q u oted i n t he “
Ad v a n c em e n t .
”

T he fo n dn e ss of B a con fo r Pla t o m u st b e du l y w e i ghe d s i de

by si de w i t h t he P la t o n i c c ha ra c t e r of t he so c a-
ll e d S ha k e sp e a re

Son n ets a n d som e o f t he p l a y s . M r Si m p so n i n hi s w or k The

Son n e t s of S ha k e sp ea r e
”
) w ri t e s of t he P la t o n i sm of t he It a li a n

S o n n e t e e rs a s fo llo w s — “
F ro m I t ly a it ra di a t e d t hro u gh Eu
ro p e , a n d wa s ta k en up by S urr e y d Sp e n se r
a n Bu t i t w a s .

t re a t e d b y n on e wi t h su c h de p t h a nd a ri e t v
a s by S ha k y
e sp ea re ,

who ha s devoted a ll hi s ha lf his p la ys

son n e ts a nd p oem s, a n d p erha p s

to the subj e ct
”
Na t ha n i e l Ho lm e s ( Au t ho rshi p o f Sha e sp ea re
.
“
k
A t ho ro u gh s t u de n t m a y di sc o e r i n t he p la s n o t o n l t ra c es v y y
of P la t o , bu t a w o n de r fu l a
p pr o xim a t i o n t o t he de p t h a nd b rea dt h
of t he Pla t o n i c phi lo so ph y ”
(p . P la to
’
s P hi lo so ph y in i ts
 H I S T OR Y, P O E T R Y, A ND P H I L O S O P H Y . 1 65

fu ll c rea ti v e s e n se o r p o e t i c a sp e c t , ha s a lw a s b e e n n ow n a s y k
t he L ove P hilosop hy, a n d i s b e s t su m m e d u
p i n t he i de a l do c t ri n es
(c o n n e c t e d w i t h t he m y st e ri e s
) di s c u sse d i n t he B q a n u et, a nd

i llu st ra t e d by So c ra t e s T he p hi lo so p h o f Pla t o i s t he philo

. y
so h
p yo f t he
p o e t p a r excellen ce W e fi n d i t a t t he Re n n a i s .

a n c e i n s ir i n
p g Da n t e , P e t ra rc h, a n d pa ssi n g t o Sp e n se r, D a n i e l ,
a n d Dra ton y
S i r Phi li p Sidn e. wro t e
“
A n d t ru l e en y -
y v
P la t o , w ho s o e v er w e ll c o n si de re t h, sha ll fi n d, t ha t i n t he b o d y
of hi s w o r k ,
t hou gh t he i n si de a n d stre n
gt h w e r e p hil o so p hy ,

the ski n , a s bea u ty dep ended most of P oetry

i t wer e, a nd No w , .
”

B a c o n , i n hi s P hilo so hi c a l w o r s,
p
“
O n P r i n c i p l e s a n d O ri gi n s k
a c c o r di n
”
g t o t he Fa bl e s o f Cu pi d a n d C oelu m , g i e s u s n o t hi n g v
’
sho r t o f Pla t o s do c t ri n e o f L o v e
(di sc u ss e d i n t he a n u e t ), B q
s e r i o u sl y c o n si de r e d a n d w or k ed ou t a t e x t ra o rdi n a r y l gth en ,

a s Pri n c i p l e s a nd O ri gi n s, t o b e r e fo u n d i n t he Crea ti ve Doc tri n es

Of th e h mnsy a t t rib u t e d to O rp he u s ( se e Co r y ’
s
“
An c i e n t
w hi c h a re m o st i n tim a t el y c o n n ec t e d w i t h t he

G re e k M yt s e ri e s a n d o ri i n s
g of t he Cla ssi c Dra m a . T he so li d

a nd le n gt hy t re a t m e n t of su c h a su b e c t j by B a c on , i s m o st
su sp i c i o u s i n i t se l f, w i t ho u t c ou n ti n g t he pa ra ll e l s b e t ra y d by hi
e s

st yl e w i t h pa ssa
g es in “
Ro m e o a n d J u li e t . Th e i fl
n f
u en c e o

P la t o a nd Ci c e ro i n t he pla s i s v e r c o n sp i c u o u s y
The i dea y .

of t he m u si c o f t he S phe re s e pr e ss e d i n t he
“
M e rc ha n t o f x
Ve n i c e
”
( a ct . v . se . in “
An t o n y a nd C l e o p a t ra ( a ct v . se .

a n d in
“
T w e lft h Ni ght ,
”
or
“
P e ri c l e s (w he n u po n t he di s c o v y er

of hi s da h t e r M a ri n a
u h e he a rs so u n ds o f m u si c , w hi c h he ca l l s
g
t he
“
m u si c o f t he m a y b e u n do u b t e dl t ra c e d t o t he y
p hil o s o ph O f P la toy Kn i ht
g p o i n t s o u t a n i de a i n
. H e nr y
“ ”
D e Re pu bli c a , r e p ro
’

(a ct i . se . w hi c h he re fe r s t o C i c e ro s

o f Ci c e ro s l o st t re a t i s e
’
du c e d fr o m a fra gm e n t b y S t A u gu st i n e .

T hi s i s t he c o m p a ri so n o f a w e ll go e rn e d -
v sta t e t o t he “
wor k
of ho n e yb -
ees .
”

For so w ork t h e h o n e y be es , -

C re a t u re s t h a t b y a ru l e in na t ur e t e a c h
Th e a c t o f o rde r t o a p e o pl e d ki n g do m .

(Ac t i . so .
 1 66 H I S T O R Y, P O E TR Y; A ND P H I L O S O P H Y .

The fre q uent i n t ro du c t i o n of L a t i n i sm s i n t he pla s (a bl y y

p o i n te d o u t b y Ha lla m ) , dw e l t u po n b y G e rv i n u s a n d o t he rs , w i t h

t he i n t ro d u c t i o n of q u o ta t i o n s i n La t i n fro m O vi d a n d Te r e n c e i n
“
T he Ta m i n g o f t he S hre w , ”
v
pro e s t he sc ho la rshi p o f t he a u t ho r
of t he pla y s, a nd t ha t t he y
a b su rd t he o r , t ha t t ra n sla t i o n s o f

G re e k a nd La tin a u t ho rs w e re s t u di e d o n ly ,
ha s no le g of p ro o f
to s ta n d u o n
p .

(B o o k
“
In t he A dv a n c em en t of Lea rn i n
g ch . iv . 2)
u
po n P o e t r y ,
w e fi n d t hi s p a s sa g e
“
T he u se of t hi s fei gned H i story ( a s he ca y
ll s p o e t r ) ha t h be e n
t o gi v e so m e sha do w o f sa t i sfa c t i o n t o t he m i n d o f m a n , i n t ho se

p o i n t s, w he re i n t he na tu re of t hi n gs do t h de n y it ,
t he w o rld b e i n g

i n pro p o rt i o n i n fe ri o r t o t he so u l ; by re a s o n w he r e o f t he r e i s ,

a
gre e a b le t o t he sp i ri t o f m a n, a m o re a m pl e gr ea t n e ss, a m o re
e xa ct g o o dn e ss, a n d a m o re a b s o lu t e v a ri e t y ,
t ha n ca n b e fo u n d
i n t he na t u re o f t hi n gs . T he re fo re , b e c a u se t he a c ts o r e v e n ts of

t ru e hi st o r yh v a e n ot t ha t m a gn i t u de w hi c h sa t i s fi e t h t he m i n d

of ma n,
po e s y f ig e n e t h a cts a n d e ven ts
g re a t e r a nd m o re he ro i ca l .

B e c a u se t ru e hi st o r y p rop o u n de t h t he su c c e ss e s a nd i ss u e s of

a c t i o n s, n o t so a re e a bl e t o t he m e ri t s o f v i rt u e a n d vi c e , t he re
g
y
fore p o e s fe ign s t he m m o re j u st in re t rib u t i o n a nd m o re a c c o rd

i n g t o re v e a le d pro v i de n c e . An d t he r e fo r e p o e s w a s e e r y v
t hou ght t o ha v e so m e p a r t i c i p a t i o n o f di v i n e n e ss, b e ca u s e i t do t h

ra i se a n d e re c t t he m i n d, by su b m i tt i n g t he s ho w s o f t hi n gs t o t he

de si re s of t he m i n d ; w he r ea s rea s o n do t h b u c l e k a nd b o w t he
”
m i n d i n t o t he na t u re Of t hi n gs .

We ca n se e by t hi s pa ssa ge i n w ha t hi gh e st i m a t i o n a con B
he ld p o e t r , i n y t he se n s e o f t he i dea l, re a l o r t ru e
“
T he m o re

po e t i c a l t he m o re l,
”
w ri t e s No va li s Si r Phi li p S i dn e y
'

re a .

“
w ri t e s -
Oi a ll wri t e rs u n de r t he su n , t he p o et i s t he l ea s t
li a r
“
( De fe n c e o f P o e si e A n d do w e n o t se e a l l t ha t B a c on

c la i m s fo r po e t r y a more a mp le grea tn ess, a m ore exa c t goodn ess,

a nd a m ore a bsolu te va ri e ty,
”
e x e m pl i fi ed to a n e xt ra ordi n a r y
de gre e i n t he The a t re a t t ri bu te d t o S ka k e sp e a re Ha v e we n ot

in s u c h c ha ra c t e rs a s P ro sp e ro , T he se u s, Cae sa r, Ha m le t , I sa be lla ,
 H I S T O R Y, P O E T R Y, A ND P H I L O S O P H Y . 1 67

C o rde li a , O he li a p ,
j u st t hi s
“
a m ple gre a t n e ss a nd
“
e x a ct
g ood

n e ss
”
in e n dl e s s v a r i e t y? B u lw e r r e m a r k s
(i n t he I n t ro du c t i o n
to Za n on i Sha k e sp e a re n e v e r c r e a ted a re a l p e rso n a ge , a n d
”

in a se n se i t i s t ru e . Ha m l e t i s a c re a t i o n , so i s P r o sp e ro , a n d t he
o ri
gi n a ls o f t he s e c ha ra c t e rs ha d n o li v i n g pro t o t p e s o u t si de t he y
p o e t s bra i n
’
Fa lsta fi e i s, o n t he o t he r ha n d, t he c o p o f a m a n
.
'

y
w ho li e d v a nd wa s y
p o ssibl n o t e d by t he a u t ho r . Fo r B a con wa s

a k e en o b se r v e r, a n d O s b o r n r e la t e s ho w he c ou l d
“
o u tca n t a

L o n do n C hi ru rge o n i n hi s o w n pro fe ssi o n a l sla n g, o r b e e u a ll

” “
q y
a t ho m e w i t h a L o rd u o n H a w s o r H o rse s
p
”
B u t i n t h e e t hi c a l k .

b e a ri n g of t he p l a y s, in su c h c ha r a c t e r s a s L e a r, T i m o n , O t he llo ,
M a c b e t h, a l l t he g o o d a n d b a d q ua li t i e s o f s o u l a re i de a li s e d, a nd

c a rri e d to a t ra gi c p o i n t a . B con sho w s t ha t i n t he re a lm of

po etr yh e wa s by c on v ic ti on Id ea li st . A n d do e s t hi s n ot a t on ce

su
gg e st P la t o , a nd a c cou n t fo r t he Pla t o n i c c ha ra c t e r of t he

S o n n e t s, a n d so m e p la y li k
s e t he
“
M idsu m m e r Ni ght s Dre a m ’

P la t o
’
s e n t i re Lo v e Phi lo so ph yi s t ha t of t he s o u l, r em e mberi n g i ts
di vi ne ori gi n .

Re so rt t o t ra n sla t i o n s, i n st e a d of to o r i gi n a l s, b y t he a u t ho r

of t h e pl a y s, ha s b e e n m a de a p o i nt i n fa v our of Sha k e sp ea re s
’

a u t h o r shi p , i n a sm u c h i t se e m s i m p ro b a b l e a s c ho la r Of su c h

c la ssi c a l a t ta i n m e n t s (a s B a c on u n do u b t e dl y re v ea l s) sho ul d

b e ta k e hi m se lf to En gli sh v e r si o n s a nd n ot to t he s o ur c e

i t se lf . YET IT IS C E RT A IN B AC O N BO RRO W S I N H IS ES S AY S
FRO M NO RTH S T RANS LAT I O N ’
OF P LUTAROH
’
S LI VE S ,
”
AS W E LL
AS TH E P H ANT O M CA PTA IN S HA KE S P E A RE ! H e re i s pro o f i n
p o i nt . In B a con s
’
E ssa y u po n
“
F o rt u n e
”
he w r i t e s It i s
wr i t t e n t ha t T i m o t he u s t he A t he n i a n, a ft er he ha d, i n t he a c c ou n t

v
he ga e t o t he st a t e o f hi s go v e rn m e n t , o ft e n i n t e rla c e d t hi s
sp e e c h,
‘ ’
a n d i n thi s for tun e ha d n o p a rt, n e e r p ro sp e r e d i n a n
y v
t hi n g he u n de rt o o a ft e rw a r ds F o rt u n e ,k”
1 61 2,
C o m p a r e w i t h t hi s T i m o t he u s (No rt h s
’
Plu t a rc h, p a
ge 38 8 )
Ti m o t heu s sa i d, M y L o rds o f A t he n s, F ortu n e ha th ha d
H e r e u p o n t he G o ds,
’
no p a rt i n a ll thi s whi ch I ha ve told u n to you .

i t w ou l d se e m , w e re so a n gr y wi t h t hi s fo o li sh a m bi t i o n of
1 68 H I S T O R y; P O E T R Y, A ND P H I L O S O P H Y .

Ti m o t he u s, t ha t he n ever a ft e rw a rds di d a ny w o rt h y t hi ng ; bu t
a ll w e n t u t t e rl y ga i n st t he ha i r w i t h hi m , u n t i l a t l e n gt h he
a

ca m e to be so ha t e d o f t he p e o pl e t ha t i n t he e n d t he ba n i she d y
hi m fro m A t he n s . B a con w ri t e s in t he sa me Essa y u po n

F o rt u n e “
Ce r ta i lyn t he r e be w ho se fo rt u n e s a re li k e

Ho m e r s
’
v e rs e s, t ha t h v a e a slide a nd a n ea s i n ess m o r e t ha n t he

v p o e t s ; a s Plu t a rc h sa i t h o f Ti m o l e o n s fo rt u n e , i n
e rs e s o f o t he r
’

re sp e c t O f t ha t o f A ge si la u s o r Epa m i n o n da s n ot i n 1 61 2
(1 6 25 ,

Essa y s
) .

C o m pa r e No r t h s ’
P lu t a rc h, p a g e 2 35 A n d li k e a s

i n Ho m e r s
’
v e rs e s, b e si de s t he p a ssi n g w o r m a n shi p a n d s i n gu la r k
gra ce i n t he m , a fi
m a n fi n de t h a t t he rst si ght , t ha t they were ea si ly
ma de, a nd wi t ho u t gre a t pa i n , e v e n so i n li k e ma n n e r, w ho so e v er

wi ll c o m pa r e t he pa i n ful b lo o d yw a rs a n d ba t t le s ofEpa m i n o n da s
a nd A ge sila u s w i t h t he w a rs o f Ti m o l e o n , i n t he w hi c h b e si de s

e q ity
u a nd j u st i c e , t he re i s a lso gre a t e a se a n d q u i e t n e ss , &c .
”
I
t hi k y q B fro m No rt h s ’
n no bo d wi ll u e st i o n a c on b o rro w e d
“
P lu t a rc h, — t he
”
w o rds B a c o n u s e s a re t he sa m e, F or tu ne ha d
” ”
no p a rt, F ortu n e (ha th) ha d no p a rt a n ea si ness,

ea si ly m a de The se c o m pl e t e pla gi a ri sm s of la n
gu a g e p ro v e o u r
c a se . A n d he re l e t us a c k n o w l e dge we fi rst di sc o e re d t hi s i n v
Dr A bb o tt
’
s v a l u a bl e n o tes t o t he Es sa y s In t he Es sa y
on
“
Pr o phe c i e s,
”
Ba c on a g i n u
a o t e s fq
ro m Plu ta rc h, t he e i l s i ri t
p v
w hi c h a pp e a re d t o B ru t u s b e fo r e t he b a t t l e o f Phi li ppi , whi ch

ep isode i s i n troduc ed i n the p la y of J ul i us Caesa r . Dr Abb o t t

w ri te s a s fo ll o w s
B a c on s
’
m o ra l t ea c hi n g i s grea t l yi fl n u en c ed by t w o t ea c he rs,
Plu ta rch (ta k en a s t he t p e y of t he hi st o ri a ns o f G re e c e a nd Ro m e )
a nd M a c hi a v e lli (Abb o t ,
I n t r o du c t i o n , p 1 34 , Essa
. y s
) .

Am I a M a c hi a e l v
M e rry Wi v es o f W i n dsor ,
a ct i ii . so .

A l en co n Th a t n o t o ri o u s M a c hi a vl e

1 Ki n g H e n ry VI .
, a ct i ii . sc .

T he m u rde ro u s M a c hia vlt e o sc ho o l .

3 Ki n g H e n ry VI .
, a ct i ii . so .
 H I S T O R Y, P O E TR Y, A ND P H I L O S O P H Y .

S ha k e sp ea re
(sa v e t he m a r k !) b o rr o w s fr o m No rt h s ’ “
Plu ta rc h,

Ti m o n
’
s sp e e c h, a s fo llo w s

Ih v a t re e w hi c h g ro w s h ere i n m y g a rde n
e a.

v
Tha t m i n e o w n u se i n i t e s m e t o c u t do w n ,
A n d sh o rt l y m u st I f ll i t
e .

(Ac t v . so.

B a c on e vi de n t l y i n hi s E ssa y u
po n
“
G o o dn e ss of Na t u re ,

or w ha t w e s hou l d ca ll Good na tu re M i sa n throp i , t ha t m a k e

i t t he i r pra c t i c e t o b ri n g m e n t o t he b o u gh a n d y e t ne v er
”
ha v e a tree for the p u rp ose i n thei r ga rden s a s Ti m on ha d . The
t i t le o f B a c on s
’
E ssa y c a rri e s c o n vi c t i o n o f i ts a
pp li c a t i o n t o t h e

l
p a y of
“
Ti m o n of A t he n s ,
”
i n a sm u c h a s T i m o n i s p o rt ra y ed

a s a ma n of good na tu re, ca rri ed to excess, v

gi i n g a w a ri ght a y n d
l e ft , a nd be c om i n g a m i sa n throp e beca u se hi s fri e n ds a re n o t a s

fo o li sh a s hi m se lf .

NO RT H S ’
PLU TA RO H .

Pa ul S ta pfe r (i n hi s “
k
S ha e sp e a r e a n d Cla ssi c a l A n t i u i t q y
wr i t e s O n e t hi n g, ho w e v e r, i s c e r t a i n , a n d t ha t i s, t ha t i t w a s

onl y th gh A m
ro u y
o t , o r ra t h e r throu gh hi s E n gli sh tra n sla tor, S i r

Thoma s North, tha t Sha kesp ea re beca m e a cqua i n ted wi th P lu ta rch .

The pr o o f O f t hi s i s e a s a n d a m u si n g y
In c o m pa ri n g t he t e x t s, .
_

w e fi n d t he p o e t fo l lo w i n g t he t ra n sl a t or so c lo se l y , a s t o b o rro w

fr o m hi m n ot on l y wh o le pa ssa
g e s, a n d v a r i ou s li t t l e p e cu li a ri t i e s
—a n i n dul ge n c e i n e p i t he t s , a n d a c e rt a in r e du n da n c y
o f e x p re s

s i o n c ha ra c t e ri s t i c O f
g o o d o ld Am y ot, — bu t a lso even his er rors a n d

m i stra n sla ti on s
”
( I
n t r o du c t o r y , p .

E v y er S ha k e sp e a ri a n s c ho la r is a c q ua i n t e d w i t h t hi s nu q u es

t i o n a bl e f a c t, or i n ty, t ha t t he pla
ce rta y s of J u li u s C aesa r,
”

“
An t o n y a n d C l e o a t ra ,
p
”
a nd C o r i o la n u s, w e re ta k en n ot

on l y e n t ir e l y fro m Plu ta rc hs
’
v “
Li e s,
”
bu t f rom North s ’
tr a ns

la ti on of t he F re n c h Plu ta rc h O f Am y t o ,
w ho fi rs t re n de re d t he
Li v es fro m t he o ri
gi n a l Gre e n o k i t th
e F r e n c h t o n gu e .

“
C e rta i n l yd e st i n y m a y e a si e r b e fo r e se e n t ha n a o i de d, v con
1 70 H I S T O R Y, P O E T R Y, A ND P H IL O S O P H Y .

s ide ri n t he s t ra
g n
ge a n d w o n de rfu l si gn s t ha t w e re sa i d t o be
se e n b e fo re C ae sa
’
r s dea t h Fo r, t o u c hi n g t he res i n t he e le m e n t ,
.
.
fi
a nd
pi ri ts ru n n i n g u p
s a nd do w n i n t he ni ht
g , a nd a lso the
soli ta r
y bi rds to be seen a t no on da ys si tti n g in the grea t ma r etk

p la ce a re n o t a ll t he se si
g ns
pe rha ps w o r t h t he i g i n su c h a
n ot n

w o n de rfu l c ha n c e a s ha p pe n e d ? Bu t S t ra b o t he p hilo so phe r

wri t e t h, t ha t di v e rs m e n w e re se en
go i n g up a nd do w n i n fi re
a nd fu rt he rm o re tha t there wa s soldi ers tha t di d
a sla ve o f the ca st

a ma rv ellous b urn i n g fla m e ou t o f hi s ha n d,
i n som uc h tha t they who

sa w i t tho ught he ha d been bu rn t ; bu t when the fire wa s out, i t wa s

(No rt h s
”
fo un d he Plu t a rc h
’
ha d no hu rt

Ci ce ro . W hy y ou b rea t hl ess ?
a re a nd why st a re y ou so t
‘

Ca sca A re . n o t y ou m o e d, wh e n v a ll t he sw a y o f e a rt h

S ha k e s li k e a t h i n g i n fi rm ? O C i c e ro ,
Ih v a t mp t
e se e n wh e es s, en t h e s c o ldi n g w i n ds
H v iv d th k tt y
a e r e k dI h v e no oa s a n a e se e n

Th m b i ti
e a ll d g df
o u s o c ea n sw e ,
a n ra e, a n oa m,
T bo x l t d wi t h t h t h t i g l d
e e a e e re a
’
n n c ou s

B tu v t ill t ight v t i ll
ne er o n
-
, ne er n ow,

Di d I g t h gho t m p t d ppi g fi
ro u a e es ro n re .

Ei t h th er i ivi l t i f i h v
e re s a c s r e n ea en

O l
r e se t h w ld t e y with th g d
or , o o sa u c e o s,

I n c en se sth m t dd t e ti o se n es ru c on .

Ci c W h y , sa w y o u a
. n y t hi n g m o re w o n de rq
Ca s ca A c om m on s la
. ve (you kn o w hi m w e ll by si ght) ,
H e ld h i s left ha n d , whi c h did fl
up a m e a n d bu rn

I/i ke tw en ty torc hes j oi n d a n d yet hi s ha n d ,

'

Not sen si bl e of fi r e r em a i n d u ns cor ch d ’ ’

.

I v
,

Bes i de s ( h a e n o t s i n c e pu t u p m y sw o rd ) ,

Aga i n s t t h e C a pi t o l m e t a l i o n , I
Wh o gl a re d u po n m e , a n d w e n t su rly by
Wi t ho u t a n n o y i n g m e a n d t he re w e re dra wn
U po n a h u n dre d gh a s t l y w o m e n ,
he a p a

T ra n s fo r m e d w i t h t h e i r fea r w h o sw o re t he y sa w
Al o na ll i n fi re w a lk up a n d do w n the stree ts .

A n d y es terda y the bi r d of n i ght did si t,

E ven a t n oo n da y , u p on the m a rke t p la ce ,
- -

H oo ti n g a n d shri e ki n g Whe n t h e se prodigi e s .

DO so c o n o in t l j y m e e t, le t n ot m en sa y
The se a re t he i r rea s o n s , —Th ey a re n a t u ra l ,
Fo r I b li v e e e t he y a re
po rt e n t o u s t hi n gs
Un t o the c lim a t e t h a t t h e y po i n t u po n .

“
( J u l i u s Caesa r .
 H I S T O R Y, P OE T R Y, A ND P H I L O S O P H Y . 1 71

C o m p a re B a con on t he se po rt e n t s “
T a li a en im e v e n e ru n t

a n no D CC X C p e r se p t e n de c i m di e s, e t t e m po ri bu s J u st i n i a n i p er
.
,

a n n u m di m i di u m , e t os t m or te m J u li i Ccesa ri s er co mp lu res di es,

p p
A tque J u li a n a i lli n s obten ebra ti on i s ma n et testi m on i u m i llu d i n si gn e

Il l e e ti a m e xti n c t o m i se ra t u s C aesa re Ro m a m
Cu m ca pu t o b sc u ra n i t idu m fe rru gi n e t e xi t ,
Im pi a qu e ae t e rn a m t i m u e ru n t se c u l a n o c t e m .

( 7 5 2,
P . vol . i ii .
,
P hi l . Wh s . E . a nd S pe ddi n g .
)
 C H A P T E R IX .

C YM BE LIN E .
*

VE RU LAM A ND C YM B ELIN E .

IT i s a c uri o u s t hi n g t ofi n d t he la st p la i n t he Fo li o 1 6 2 3, v i z , y .

“
y
C m b e li n e ,
”
c losely con n ecte d w i th the old town o
f V e ru la m , fro m

w he n c e B a con k fi
t o o hi s n a l t i t le , a n d w hi c h i s i de n t i ca l w i t h t he

si te of St Alba ns a nd G o rha m b u ry P a r k .

O ld Ve ru la m w a s t he a n c i e n t sea t o f Ca ssi b u la n
(o r Ca si be la n e ) ,

w ho w a s u n cle to Cymbeli n e

Cym b . No w say , w h a t w o u ld A u gu s tus Caesa r w i th us ?

I/u c . When J u li us Caesa r (w h o se re m e m b ra n c e y e t
Li ves i n m en
’
s e ye s ,
a nd wi ll t o ea rs a n d t o n gu e s
Be t hem e h e a ri n g e e r) w a s i n t h i s Bri ta i n ,
a nd v
A n d c o n qu e r d i t , Ca ss ibu l a n t hi n e U n c l e
’

F
( a m o u s i n Caes a r s pra i ses , n o w hi t l e ss
’

Th e n i n h i s fea t de s e r i n g i t ) fo r h i m , v
A n d hi s s u c c e ss i o n , gra n t e d Ro m e a t ri bu t e ,
Y e a rly t h re e t ho u sa n d p ou n ds .

Ca ssi bu la n l o s t hi s se a t , t he t o w n of Ve ro la n i u m (Ve ru la m i u m )
t o g e t he r wi t h hi s own li b e rt y ,
t o C a i u s J u li u s Cae sa r . Ve ru la m

C ym b e li n e w a s a n ea rl y Bri t i sh Ki n g o f t h e n a m e Cu n o B e li n u s Rex , -

wh os e c o in s a re c o m m o n e n o u gh i n t h e c ou n try N i m rod wri tes The s e .

a re t a l i s m a n i c m e da l s (su c h a s , I
t hi n k , t h e C h e a l i er H a m m er h a s pro ed v v
v
t o h a e b e e n fre qu e n t l y s tru c k o ff t h e pre c e pt o ri e s o f t h e T e m pl e a n d other
secre t f ra tern i ti es ) , a nd t he y s i gn i f y (a s I u n de rs ta n d t he m ) t h e s ym bol of

th e M a gna M a ter a nd t he na me of
B e len u s , t h e Drui di ca l A po l l o o r, i n t he
Ro m a n ce l a n gu a ge , T e rm a ga n t o r T erv a ga n a a n d A po li n If n o t , h o w ha ppe n s .

i t, I
a sk , t ha t Ki n g Cu n e b ol i n e i s s o m e t i m es a g e n t l e m a n , s o m e t i m es a la dy ,

a n d s o m e t i m es a Ja nus -
li ke fi gu re ,
wi t h t h e t wo h ea ds u po n one n eck ? Bu t
t h e re i s a na me on the re v e rs e o f t he se co i n s , w h i c h ha s ba f fl e d a l l i n ves ti ga t i o n
of B ri t i sh a n t i qu a ri a n s , Ta ci s , T a sc i o , o r Ta s ci a .

do u b t w h e t h e r t h e Bri t is h k i n gs of Cun o b e lin u s

’
It i s a m a t te r o f se ri ou s

tim e c oin ed a n y m on ey a t a d i t i s ra t h e r t h e be t te r O pi n i o n t ha t t he y
ll , a n

di d n ot. S e e Pe gg s on t he c o i n s o f Cu n o b e l i n e , Lo n do n , 1 7 65 A s t h e qu es .
 C YM B E L I NE . I 73

wa s so m e tim e a c it y of g r ea t r e n o wn , a n d he ld i n gre a t re
g a rd

by t he Ro m a ns . Ta c i t u s t e rm s i t a fre e t o wn , a n d o n e o f t he

ri c he st i n t he la n d, w he re i n ha ve b e e n fou n d b o t h pi lla rs a nd

pa v e m e n t s, a n d Ro m a n c oi n s . Is t he re n o t so m e e v i de n c e su
g
ge st e d by t hi s c o n n e c t i o n o f C m b e li n e s u n c l e wi t h Ve ru la m y ’

t o po i n t t o a co n ? B
If n o t m i sta e n (a s w e o n l u o t e fro m k y q
m em or y) Cym b
,
e li n e li v ed i n t he t hi rt y t hi d y
-
r ea r o f ou r Sa vi ou r,
or a t t he t i m e of H i s bi r t h . Thi s i s p i b ly i
o ss n c o n n e c ti on with
t he pr e di c t i o n of t he S o o t hsa y e r,
“
W he n a s a Li o n ’
s Whelp ,

“
the , poi n t i n g to C hri st a s t he Li on of t he T r i b e of J u da h .

y
T hi s pla i s t he l a st i n t he F o li o , a n d t ha t shoul d b e w e ll b o r n e
i n m i n d i n c o n n e c t i o n wi t h i t s m st e ri o u s pr e di c t i o n a t t he y
en d .

Im o ge n i s si st e r t o G u ide ri u s a nd Arv i ra gu s, t he e x a c t re la ti on
shi p of Hele n (Im o r en
g or M o rga n a ) t o Ca st o r a nd P o llu x .

An d B a con , i n hi s “
H i st o r y of t he Wi n ds ,
”
i n t e rpre t s t he m b o t h,

t i o n p r o p o s e d i s , w h e t h e r t h e n u m i s m a t i c C u n o b e l i n e b e l o n g s t o t h e a ge o f
C a li g u l a , o r t o t h e Ro m a n c e a g e , i t i s n o l i gh t c ir c u m st a n c e , t h a t w e fi n d
h i m fi g u ri n g a w a y a s a h e ro o f ro m a n c e a n d fa t h e r o f I m orge n o r I m oge n t he
P r i n c ess of the v
M or n i n g, w h o se w i ld a d e n t u re S ha kesp ea re ha s p r es er ved to
us . I m or gen i s t h e w i t c h M or ga n a , b y w h o m A rt hu r s gri e ou s w ou n d w a s
’
v
h e a le d i n A vl a on (Vo l . I.
, p 4 66 ,
. N “

N i m ro d c on n e c t s the na m e o f M orga n ,
Im ge n , o r Im o rgen w i t h t he
o

M or wen i n g, o r t he bre a k o f da y , wi t h t h e c i t y o f A u ror a , o r t h e c i t y o f M e de a

a n d o f Ci rc e Ado n i s t h e h u n t e r w a s t h e s o n o f t h e M orn i n g
. H e i de n t i fi es .

I m o g e n wi t h M o rga n a , wh o se hi s t o ry se e m s t o i m pl y t h a t sh e w a s H e l e n
”

(pp 7 0, 7 1 , Vo l
. .

A ll t hi s i s
”
ver y i m p o rt a nt w hen e x mi
a n ed by t h e l i gh t of t h e pl a y of

C ym b e li n e B e c a u s e H e l e n o r Im o rge n
. a nd w a s t h e s is t e r o f Ca s t o r

P o l yde u c e s , a n d t h e re i s a s t ri k i n g pa ra l l e l b e t w e e n m o g en a n d t h e t wo l o s t I
o r b a n i sh e d b ro t h e rs i n t h e p l a y It i s t o b e qu e st i o n e d w h e t h e r t h e a u th o r
.

w a s n o t qu i t e c o n sc i o u s o f a ll t hi s ? I
m o ge n i s e ry po i n t e dl y c o n n e c t e d wi t h v
v
t h e m o rn i n g i n t h e fo ll o wi n g e rs e su n g b y Cl o t e n u n de r h er w i n do w

H a rk e , H a rk e , t h e L a rk e a t H ea e n s ga t e si n gs , v ’

A n d Ph oebu s gi n a ri se ,
’

H i s st e eds t o w a t er a t t h o s e s pri n gs
O n c h a li c e d fl o w er t h a t li e s
An d w i n k i n g M a ry b u ds b egi n t o op e t h e i r go lde n
-
e ye s
v
,

Wi t h e eryt h i n g t ha t pre t t y i s, M y L a dy sw e e t a ri s e ,

Ari se , A ri se
1 74 C YM B E L I NE .

wi t h t he i r si ste r He le n , a s p ro gn ost i c s of a s e v e re s to rm a t se a ,

in sho rt , a s w i n ds . He w ri t e s
The ba ll of fi re , ca ll e d Ca stor by t he a n c i e n t s , t ha t a ppe a rs a t
se a , i f i t be si n gl e , ro
p g n o s t i c a t e s a s e v e re s t o rm (s e e i n g i t i s

Ca st o r t he de a d b ro t he r) , w hi c h wi ll b e m u c h m ore s e v e re i f t he
b a ll do e s n ot a dhe re t o t he m a s t , b u t ro lls o r da n c e s a b o u t . Bu t
i f t he r e a re two of t he m (t ha t i s , i f P o llu x t he li v i n g b ro t he r be

pre se n t ) ,
a nd t ha t t oo w he n t he s to rm ha s i n cre a s e d, i t is
re c k on ed a g o o d s i gn Bu t i f t he re a re t hre e o f t he m (t ha t i s, if
.

H e l e n , t he g e
) v
n e ra l s c o u r e , a rri e , t he s t o rm w i ll b e c o m e m o re
g
fe a rfu l . T he fa c t se e m s t o b e , t ha t on e b y i t se l f se e m s t o i n di c a te
t ha t t he t e m p e st u o u s m a t t e r i s c ru de ; t w o , t ha t i t i s pr e pa re d
a n d ri p e n e d t hre e or m o re , t ha t so gr e a t a q u a n t it yi s c o lle c te d

a s ca n ha rdl yb e di sp e rse d .
”

The re a der w i ll s ee t ha t He le n i s t he e m bl e m o f t he ga l e t ha t

b ri n gs t he T e m pe st . No w w e ha v e se e n t ha t H e l e n i s a n o t he r

na m e fo r Im g o en a c c o rdi n g t o t he l e a rn e d Ni m r o d . Co m pa re
C y m b li y s of Im
77
t hi s i n e ne . Ar v i ra gu s sa o
ge n :

N o bly h e y ok es ,

A s m i li n g , wi t h a s i gh a s i f t he si gh

Wa s t ha t i t w a s, fo r n ot be i n g su c h a sm i l e

T he s m i le , m o c k i n g t he s i gh , t ha t i t w ou ld fly
F ro m so di v i n e a T e m pl e , t o c om m i x
Wi th wi n ds tha t sa i lors ra il a t
.
(Ac t i v . se .

The la st li n e i s a hi n t fo r a ga l e o r t e m p e st The c ri t i c smi le s. .

B ut w a i t a bit . B oth C a st o r a n d P o llu x a r e a ls o c o n n e c t e d w i t h

w i n ds , a s ha rbi n ge rs, as w e fin d B a c o n sta tin g . C o m p a r e G ui deri us

a nd A rvi ra gus
De l . 0 t h ou go ddess,
Th o u di i n e N a tu re , v h o w t hyse l f t hou bl a z o n a t
'

In t h e se t w o pri n c e ly b o y s ! The y a re a s g e n t l e
A s zep hyr s, bl ow i n g be lo w the vi o le t,
No t w a ggi n g h i s s w e e t h ea d a n d y e t a s rou gh
T he i r r o y a l bl o o d e n c ha f d, a s t h e ru d s t w i n d,
’ ’

Th a t b y t h e t o p do t h t a k e t h e m o u n ta i n pi n e
An d m a k e hi m st o o p t o t he vl
a e.

(Ac t i v . so .

H e re a
g i n w e ha v e ge n t l e b re e z e s
a or
“
ze
p h y rs,
”
w hi c h ca n
 C YM B E L I NE . 1 75

b e c o m e ga l e s o r t e m p e st s a n d m a e t he m o u n ta i n p i n e st o o p t o k
t he v a l e
”
v
Bu t w e ha e y e t t he m o st st ri i n g a n d fo rc i bl e p ro o f
. k
to a ddu c e w i t h re
g a r d to Im o
ge n or Helen . In t h e la st sc en e o f

t he la st a ct we ha v e t he s o o t hsa y pre di c t i o n , i n whi c h he

er s
’

i de n t i fi es Im o ge n wi t h a pi e c e of
“
ten der a i r
”
No w w e a re .

g o i n g t o sho w t ha t a c on , B De A u gm e n t i s, 1 62 3,
i n hi s L a t i n “ ”

u s e s t he sa m e L a t i n w o rds fo r
“
ten der a ir a s w e fi n d i n t he pla , y
a nd t ha t i n t he “ ”
1 64 0 A dv a n c e m e n t (w hi c h i s o n e o f a c on s B ’

t ru e wor k)s it is t ra ns a l ted a

“
gen tle ga le o f wi n d . T he
s o o t hsa y e r sa y s

’
T ho u L eon a tu s a rt t he Li o n s Wh e l p,
T h e fi t a n d a pt c o n s tru c t i o n o f t hy n a m e
B e i n g L eon a tu s , do t h i m po rt so m u c h
Th e p i e c e o f t e n de r a i r, t hy v e rt u o u s da u ght e r,
W hi c h w e c a ll M o l li s A er , a nd M o ll i e a er

We t e rm i t M n l i er w hi c h M u li e r I di vi ne

Is t hi s m o st c o n s ta n t w ife
v
.

Cy m b e li n e , a ct . 80

No w i n t he F o u rt h B k oo of t he 1 6 23 D e Au gm e n t i s, w e fi n d
B a c on w ri t i n g of t he S ou l, w hi c h he fi
i de n t i e s w i t h Sp i ri t, a s
fo ll o w s
Q u i d e n im a d Doctri n a m a le -
su bs ta n ti a An i m ae fa c i u n t , A CT US
U LT I M US , et F o rm a C o rp o r i s, et hu j u sm o di Nu gae L o gi c ae ?
An im a s i qu i de m ,
S e n si bi li s si v eBru t o ru m pl a n ésu b st a n t i a C o r

p o r ea c e n se n da e st , a ca lo re a tt e n u a t a , e t fa c t a In v i si bili s a u ra

(i n qu a m ) ex Na t u ra Fla m m e a et A ér e a c o n fia ta ,
A ERIS M O L L ITIE
”
r e c i pi e n da
a d i m pr e ssi o n e m m, (p 606 ,
v o l i , Phil
&c . . . . .

We fi n d t hi s pa ssa ge re n de re d i n t h e 1 6 4 0 t r a n sl a t i o n of t he

De A u gm e n t i s
” “
F o r w ha t ma k es t he s e t e rm s of A ctns
Ulti mns, a nd F orma Corp mi s, a n d su c h -
li k e w i ld l o gi c a l uni v er

sa li t i e s, t o t he k
l dge o f t he so u l s su b st a n c e ?
n ow e F o r t he ’

s e n sibl e s o ul , o r t h e s o u l o f b e a st s, m u st n e e ds b e g ra n t e d t o b e a

c o rp o ra l su b st a n c e a t t e n u a t e d b y h e a t a n d m a de i n v i si bl e sa
y . I
a t hi n , gen tle ga le of wi nd, sw e l l
’
d a nd bl o w n up fro m so m e fi my
a

a nd a ir y na t u re , i n de e d, w i t h t he s o ft n e s s of a ir t o re c e iv e
” “
i m pre ssi o n (p 2 08, L i b IV
. . .
,
1 640, Adv a n c em en t o f

No w we c a n n ot b e l i e v e t ha t a ny t ra n sl a t o r w o u ld t a k e it u po n
 1 76 C YM B E L I NE .

“ “
hi m se lf to re n de r A eri s M olli ti e a s a ge n tle ga le o f wi nd u n le s s

i n s t ru c t e d t o do so . Bu t t he r ea de r w i ll se e ho w t ho ro u ghl y
t hi s i s i n ha rm o n y w i t h w ha t w e ha v e a lrea d y q u oted from
y
C m b e li n e i n b o t h pa s sa
g e s, fo r w ha t i s t he li n e

l Vi t h wi n ds t ha t sa i l o rs ra il a t,

Z e ph y rs bl o w i n g b e lo w t h e vi o le t ,

bu t a gen tle ga le, or a te mp est of wi nd 7

y
C m be li n e i s t he la st p la y i n t he 1 6 2 3 F o li o , a n d u po n t he

la st p a ge, fin a l sce n e, la s t a c t, w e fi n d t he so o t hsa e r s pre di c t i o n y ’

a lre a d yq
u o t e d w i t h t he sa m e La ti n words
“
a eri s mo lli ci e ,
”
or m ollis
” “ ”
a er, a s i n t he 1 623 De A u gm e n t i s O u r c o n vi c t i o n i s t ha t
.

t he t w e n t y -
si x t h st a r, u n de r w hi c h t hi s s e c t i o n a b o u t S o ul o r

S pi ri t o c c u rs , is con n ected w i t h t he twent y -

s ix t h s ta r of t he

M SS i n . B a c on s
’
ha nd a t t a c he d t o t he t i t le pa ge , or a lo o se le a f,
of H e rm e s Ste ll a . We fi n d G u i de r i u s c o n n ected wi th a s ta r .

G u i de ri u s h a d
U pon hi s n eck a m ol e , a sa n gu i ne s ta r .

It w a s a m a rk of w on der .

“
( Cym b e l i n e ,
a ct v . se .

In t he sec o n d de c a n of Ca ssi o p e i a t he re i s a st a r c a lle d M i ra ,

or t he c ha n gea ble st a r i n the Neck , mea n in g Wonder * . B a c on

m en
”
t i o n s i n hi s Co gi ta t i o n e s Re ru m , a s ta r w hi c h a
ppe a re d i n
1 5 72 in Ca ssi o p e i a . H e w ri t e s Mu ta tion e s i n re i o n i bu s
g
c ael e st i bu s fi e ri , ex c om e t is qu i bu sda m sa t i s li q u et i i s di c o qu i
c e rta m e t c o n st a n t e m c o n figu ra t io n em cum st e lli s fix i s s e rv a ru n t ;

qu a li s fui t illa q u ae i n Ca ssi o p e a n o st ra es t a te a

pp a ru i t .
”
1
'
Thi s
” “
s ta r (wri t e s S p e ddi n g) i n Ca ssi o
pe i a a pp e a re d i n 1 5 7 2 Ma z .

za roth con siders the sta r o f 1 5 7 2 to ha ve bee n the sta r of B e thlehem ,

S e e pa ge 9 , M a zza ro t h, o r t h e Co n ste ll a ti o n s .

P 33, v o l i i i , Ph il Wks , S pe ddi n g

“
. . . Id e n i m pe rs pi c i tu r i n c o m e ti s
. . .

s u bli m i o ri b us , ii s n i m i ru m qu i e t figur a m s t e ll ae i n du eru n t a bsqu e c o m a ,

n equ e so l u m e x doc t ri n a pa ra lla xi u m su p ra l u n a m c o ll o c a t i ess e pro ba n t u r,

s ed c o n figu ra t i o n e m e t i a m c e rt a m e t c o n s ta n t e m c u m s t e lli a fi xis ha bu e ru n t ,
et s ta ti o n e s su a s s e rv a ru n t , n e qu e e rro n e s fu e ru n t ; qu a l e s ae ta s n o s tra n o n
se m e l vi di t pri m o i n Ca ss i o pea
, , i t e ru m n on i ts pride m i n O phi u c ho (p 7 5 2 , .

v ol . i ii .
, Phil Wk s , E a n d S
. . . .
)
 C YM B E L I NE . I 77

w hi c h he sa y s r e t u rn s e v er y 300 y e a rs .
*
H e wri t e s The
bri ght st a r whi c h pp e a re d b e t w e e n Ce phe u s a n d Ca ssi o pe i a i n
a

y
t he e a rs 9 4 5 , 1 2 64 , a n d 1 5 7 2 , t he la st t i m e b e i n g o b se rv e d by
y
T c ho , t he gre a t Da n i sh A st ro n o m e r, i s c o n si de r e d t o ha v e

p r o b a bl y b e e n t he sa me st a r a t i t s pe ri o di c a l r e t u rn of a b ou t
300 y e a rs (p .

Bu t t o re t u r n fro m t hi s spe c u la t i o n . We fin d i n y
C m b e li n e
t hi s p a ssa ge
In grea t p o ol ,
’
a a sw a n s n est .

(A c t ii i . se .

Ou t of t he e gg o f L e da or t he sw a n , w e re b orn Ca st o r a nd
*

y
P o l de u c e s, a nd t he t hi rd t o c om e o u t wa s He le n .

We c a n n ot of c o u rse p ro du c e a n
y e vi de n c e of t he O pi n i o n s

we n o w a re
go i ng to a ddu c e . Bu t o u r o wn c o n v i c t i o n i s t ha t t hi s
la st pl a o f y
C m b el i n e , i f y ”
n ot
pro ba bl y th e la st wri tt e n , c er

t a i n ly t he la st i n t he F o li o , i s a n a st ro n o m i c a y
l pla i n c o n n e c t i o n
wi t h t he Ci phe r, a nd t he e n t i r e re v e l a t i on y
o f t he c c l e o f t hi s e n
“ ’ ”
c ha n t e d a rt L e o n a t u s, t he L ion whelp f the tri be
. s o f
o J u da h,
is a n un mi sta ka ble hi n t for a M essi a h . Le o a nd Vi rgb a re t wo
s i gn s t ha t a re m o st i m p o rt a nt i n t he i r c on n e cti on . Vi rgo , i s bu t
a fo rm of P e rse ph o n e or P ro se rpi n e , i n t he he a v e n s, t he su mm e r

M idsu m m er
'

c hi l d of Ce re s, c ro w n e d a t w i t h t he su n in Leo .

B a con i n t e rp r e t s P ro se rpi n e a s Spi ri t , e xa ctl y w ha t we ha v e

fo u n d Im o ge n , a s
“
ten der a i r,
”
or
“
m ollis a er, or wi n d . Sp i r i t
a n d a i r or wi n d a re i n t e rc ha ge a b l e
n . B a con c o n st a n t l y u se s t he

w o rd a i r for Spi ri t a s w e se e n ha v e a lre a d y . Vi rgo w a s t he se e d

b e a re r i n t he z o di a c S he i s i n t i m a t e l . y c on n ec t ed w i t h t he

Thi s sa me st a r is e xp pp ea r i n 1 89 0 o r 1 8 9 1
e c te d to re a S p e ddi n g .

w ri t e s —“ Th e n e w s t a r i n C a ss i o pe i a s h o n e w i t h fu l l lu s tre o n Ba c o n s
’

fre shm a n sh i p.
”
M a zza ro t h w ri t es “ —
T he n e w sta r s e e n b y T y c h o Bra h e ,
i n C a s si o p e i a , wh i c h b l a z e d fo r a sh o rt t i m e (1 5 7 2 1 5 7 4 ) a n d t h e n di sa ppe a re d, -

su ffi c i en t l y a u t h o ri s es u s t o re g a rd t hi s s t a r a s n o m e t e o r o f o ur e a rt h o r sk y ,

v
b u t a s o n e o f t h e h e a en l y b o di e s p re o rda i n e d t o t h e gl ori ou s o ffi c e o f h era ld -

i n g , b y a n i n c re a s e o f i t s o w n b ri gh t n e ss , t h e c o m i n g i n H i m , the
spl e n do u r o f
“
t ru e L i gh t , b y w h o m a n d fo r w h o m a ll t hi n gs w e re c re a t e d ( Co n st e ll a
t i ons , i
“
. S o m e h a e t h o u gh t t h a t i rgil (E e l v V i x 4 7 ) spe a k s o f t hi s
. .

Th e re i s q gem o f
ca ll e d o ft e n a n a n t i u e
’
sta r a s
‘
Caesa ri s a s t ru m . a st a r so -

J u li u s Cae sa r
”
(Ib .
, p .
1 78 C YM B E L I NE .

Li o n
’
s Whe lp or t he M e ssi a h .
“
The t w o si gn s o f Le o a nd

Vir go a re o ft e n fo u n d t o ge t he r on t he brea st s of m um mi es
“
J e n n i n gs , T he a t t ri bu te s of De m ete r
”
a nd P e rs e pho n e f
(C e re s, Isi s) a re ea rs o c orn , p oppy, a nd a torch
i . He r r e p re se n ta tion is v yer n ea rl y id e n t i ca l
wi t h t he fig u re o f t he VIRGO i n Albu m a za r
(pp . 7 8 , 7 9 , E s c he n
bu rg Pla t e , xip 4 28 ,
. . He r dra gons w hi c h dra w he r c ha ri o t
s ee m to i n di c a te t he re t u rn fro m Ha de s No w t he sc e n e
in “
y
C m b e li n e ,
”
i n w hi c h Im o
ge n s
’
b e d c ha m b e r i s i n t rodu c ed,
-

a nd I a c hi m o c om es ou t of hi s c he s t , pa ra lle ls t he w i n t e r s le e p

of P erse pho n e i n Ha de s or H e ll . Di o n y su s Cht ho n i o s, a di v i n i t y

“
of t he u n de rw o rld fo r a sea s o n , sleep s i n the sa cred a bode o f
P ersep hon e . I a c hi m o e x c la i m s i n t he c ha m be r of Im o ge n :

S wi ft , you dra gons o f t h e n i gh t t ha t da wn i n g

s wi ft

M a y b a se t h e ra e n s ey e : v
l odge i n fea r
’
I
Tho u gh t hi s a hea ven ly a n ge l , he l l is h ere .

(Ac t i i . se .

Im o ge n , i n de e d, t hro u gho u t t he pla p re se n t s t he pi c t u re o f a y

Spi ri t or A n ge l . y
No t o n l i s t hi s a ppa re n t e v e r whe re , bu t t he y
t e xt su pp o rt s it re p e a te dly . W he n Im o
ge n e n t e rs t he ca v e (t he

si xt h sc e n e o f t he t hi rd a ct
) ,
Be la ri u s e x c la i m s

B el . S ta y c om e n o t in
Bu t t h a t i t ea ts our vi c tu a ls , I sh o ul d t hi n k
H ere w ere a f a i ry .

Wha t s '
t h e m a tt e r, si r ?
B el . By J u pi te r, a n a n ge l : or if n ot ,

An ea rt hl y pa ra g o n Be ho ld di oi n ess
No e l de r tha n a b oy .

(Ac t iii . se .

No pa i n s ha v e b e e n spa re d to a ss o c i a te Im ge n wi t h Spi ri t,
o

Ai r, a s a n A n ge l or Fa ir y . We fi n d he r i n x
c o n t e t wi t h a m o n u

m e n t, a nd t hu s w i t h D ea t h . I a c hi m o e x c la im s of Im o
g e n w hi lst

he ga zes on he r a sl e e p

0 sl e e p t ho u Ap e of dea th , l i e du l l u po n h e r,
A n d b e h e r se n se b u t a s a m o n u m e n t ,
T hu s i n a Cha pe l l yi n g .

(Ac t 11 . se .
 C YM B E L INE . 1 79

He c o m pa r e s he r t o t he P hoen i x

Al l of do o r, m os t ri c h
h e r, t h a t i s ou t o f

If she b e fu rn i sh d wi t h a m i n d s o ra re ,
’

Sh e i s a l o n e t h Ara bi a n bi rd
’
.

(Ac t i . se .

“
T he A ra b i a n bi rd wa s t he P hoe n i x , t he b i rd o f r e su rr e c t i o n

o r re v e la ti on . We a re i mm e di a t e l y in c o n t ex t wi t h t ha t pro

p h e t i c a nd m yt s e ri o u s Thre n e , w hi c h e n ds t he p o e m s k n o wn a s

S ha k e sp e a r e s ,
’
—
t he P hoen i x a nd T u rt l e
L e t t h e b i rd o f l o u de st l a y ,
O n t he sole A ra bi a n tree
H e ra l d sa d a n d t ru m pe t b e ,
T o wh ose so u n d c h a s t e w i n gs o be y .

All t he se po i n t s w e bri n g fo rw a r d a r e i n st a rt li n g ha rm o n y
w i t h e a c h o t he r Pr o sp e ri n e o r Spi ri t (a s a c o n i n t e rpr e t s he r
. B
i n hi s “
W i sdo m of t he An c i e n t s y fi
t pi ed t he r esurrec ti ona ry

p ower of na tu re a sleep du ri n g Wi n ter , g wi t h Sp ri n g a n d

r e a r i si n

Su m m e r . In fa c t , Pr o sp e ri n e
’
s a k
wa e n i n g i s t he P hoen i x o f

Na t u re g a ri si n ou t of its a she s . Ca n n o t t he st u de n t s e e a

pro fo u n d pa ra ll e l i n a ll t hi s, pa rt i c u la rl i n t he c o n n e c t i o n y
wi th Dea th o f m o ge n ? I
A n d a l so t he pa ra lle l o f he r b e d
c ha m b e r , w i t h i t s c o m pa ri so n t o H e ll o r t he U n de rw o rld ? Fo r
Pro sp e ri n e w a s su pp o se d t o pa ss t he si x wi n t e r m o n t hs w i t h
Plu t o i n t he U n de rw o rld .

T H E L I ON o r T HE T RI BE or J U DAH .

1 . An d I sa w i n t he ri
ght ha nd of H i m t ha t sa t on t he

t hro n e a bo o k wri tten wi thi n a nd on t he ba c k si de , s e a l e d wi t h

se v e n se a ls .

“
2 . An d I sa w a s t ro n
g a n ge l p ro c la im i n g wi t h a lo u d v oic e,

W ho i s w o rt h yt o o pe n t he b o o k ,
a nd t o l o o s e t he se a l s t he r e o f ?
3 . An d no ma n i n he a v e n , n or in ea r t h, n e i t he r u n de r t he

e a rt h , wa s a bl e t o o pe n t he b o o k ,
n e i t he r t o lo o k th e re o n .

“
4 . An d Iw e pt m u c h, b e c a u se no ma n wa s fo u n d w ort h y to

open a n d to r ea d t he b o o k ,
n e i t he r t o lo o k th e re o n .

“
5 . An d on e of t he e lde rs sa i th u n to m e, We e p n ot : behold,
1 80 C YM B E L I NE .

the L i on of the Tribe f

o J uda h, t he ro o t of Da v i d, ha t h pre v a i le d
to ope n t he bo o k ,
a nd to lo o se t he se v e n s ea l s t he re o f

(Re v e la tion , ch .

C o m pa re L o rd B a c on s
’
m o t to i n c hi e f
( a t ta c he d to “
No vu m
” “ “
O rga n um ,D e A u gm e n t i s,
a nd Bu t t ho u , 0 Da n i e l,
shu t u
p t he w o rds, a nd sea l the book, even t o t he t i m e o f t he e n d
y
m a n sha ll ru n t o a n d fro , a n d n o w l e d e sha ll b e i n c rea se d
g
”
k
( ch . xi i . We fi n d t hi s a l so a t ta c he d to on e of t he w o r s o f k
Tho m a s Va u
gha n, t he c e l e b ra ted Ro si c ru c i a n The o so p hi ca
M a gi ca In “
y
C m b e li n e w e
”
re fi n d t he “
Men
’
s Whelp ”
i de n t i fi ed

wi t h L e o n a t u s P o st hu m u s, b y t he s o o t hsa y er . Whe n a s a

Li o n ’
s Whe lp sha ll t o him se l f un k n ow n , w i t ho u t se e ki
g, fin d n

a nd be e m bra c e d by a
pi e c e of t e n de r a i r, ”
&c . No w i t i s e r v y
c ur i o u s t o fin d B a c o n , u n de r t he t w e n t y ixth
-
s st a r, de sc ri bi n g t he
na t ur e of t he s o ul , i n L a t i n , i n t he sa m e w o rds a s t he s o o t hsa y er

h e re e m p lo y s , vi z .
,
“
mo llis a er, a nd a s gen tle
a ga te of win d
“
.
”

Spi ri t i s, o f c o u rs e , i m p li e d i n a ir . It m a y b e di spu t e d w he t he r
B a con a t ta c he d a n
y b e li e f t o t he pro phe c i e s o f S c ri pt u re , s o w e

gi v e hi s own y
w o r ds, sho w i n g c l e a rl b e ba d fa i t h i n t he Sc ri p t ura l

su c c e ssi o n o f a ge s .

“
As t o t he i n t e rp r e ta t i o n of t he S c ri p t u r e so lu t e a n d a t la rge ,

t he r e ha v e b e e n di v e rs ki n ds i n t ro du c e d a nd de v i se d, so m e of

t he m ra t he r c u ri o u s a nd u n sa fe , t he n so b e r a nd wa rra n t e d .

No t wi t hsta n di n g ,
t hi s m u c h m u s t b e c o n fe s s e d, t ha t t he S c ri p
t u re s b e i n g gi v e n b y i n spir a t i o n , a n d n ot
by hu m a n e rea so n , do
diffe r fro m a ll o t he r bo o k s in t he A u t ho r, w hi c h by c o n se u e n c e q
do t h dra w o n som e di ffe re n c e t o b e u sed by t he Exp o si to r Fo r .

t he i n di t e r of t he m di d k n ow fo u r t hi n gs w hi c h n o m a n a t ta i n s

to k n ow , w hi c h a re t he m y s t e ri e s o f t he Ki n gdo m of G lo r y ,
t he

p e rfe c tion of t he L a w s of Na t ur e , t he se c re t s o f t he he a rt of Ma n ,

Ba con wri te s An d t h i s e xc e ll e n t fe l i c i t y i n n a u t i ca l a rt , a n d en vi ro n

i n g t he w orld, m a y pl a n t a ls o a n e pe c ta t i o n o f fa rt her PRO F IC IE NC ms AND x

A UGM N A N
E T T IO S o r SC IE CES s pe c i a lly s e e i n N
g i t se e m s to b e de c ree d by t he
v
D i i n e C o u n c i l , t ha t t hes e t w o sh ou l d b e c o e a ls , fo r s o t h e Pro ph e t Da n i e l v
s p ki g
ea f thn o e l a tt e r t i m e s fore te lls P lu ri m i p er tr a ns i bu nt ct a u gcbi tu r

i ti
sc e n Adva a n c em e n t o f
 C YM B E L INE .

a nd the fu tu re su cce ssi on o f a ll a ges

“
Ad v a n c em en t of L e a rn i n g,
B k oo

The l e a rn e d a u t hore ss o f t he
“
P e rfe c t Wa y w ri t e s
Tha t t he t i m e of t he ri si n g o f t hi s C e l e st i a l Vi rgi n , a nd

of t he re ha bi li ta t i o n of t ru t h b y t he Wo m a n M e ssi a s -
of t he

I n t er
pre t a t i o n i s n e a r a t ha n d, t he y w ho w a t c h t h e t im es a nd

t he ‘ ’
he a v e n s m a y k n ow by m o re t ha n on e to k en . To na me
bu t on e : t he si gn L e o , w hi c h u
p o n t he c e l e st i a l c ha rt p re c e de s
t he a s c e n si o n of t he Wo m a n go i n g b e fo re he r a s
,
he r he ra l d,
i s t he s i gn of t he p re se n t he a d o f t he Ca t ho li c C hu rc h (P o pe
Le o ) . Whe n a ssu m i n
g t ha t t i t le , he de c l a re d hi s of c e fi to be
t ha t of t he ‘
L i on o f the tri be o f J uda h, t he do m i c il e
’
of t he S u n ,

t he t ri b e pp o i n t e d t o p ro du c e t he Chri st
a T o t he a sc e n si o n .

o f t hi s c o n st e lla t i o n ,
pre p a ri n g, a s i t w e re , t h e w a y o f t he Di v i n e
y
Vi rgi n , t he pro p he c o f sra e l i n G e n e si s re fe rs : I
‘
J u da h i s a s t ro n g L i o n ; m y so n t hou a r t go n e up . T he
sc e pt re sha ll n ot be t a k en a wa y
fro m J u da h t i ll t he c om i n g o f

t he m e sse n ge r— Shi lo h— t he
’
or e xp e c t a ti o n of t he na tion s .

“
An d n ot on l yd oes t he c hi e f b i sho p of t he C hu r c h b e a r t he

si
g ni fi ca n t na me of t he
‘ ’
Li o n , bu t he i s a l so t he T hi rt e e n t h of

t ha t na m e, a nd Thi rt e e n i s t he n u m be r o f t he Wo m a n ,
a n d of t he

Lu n a r c y c le , t he n u m ber of I s s i a nd of the M i c ro c o sm . It i s
the n u m ber w hi c h i n di c a t e s t he fu ln e s s o f a ll t hi n gs, a nd t he

c o n su m m a ti o n of t he Di vi n e M a rri a ge , ‘
t he a t—
on e—
m en t of Ma n
a nd G od .
’
M o re o v e r, t he A rm s of Leo X II I . re p rese n t a Tre e
on a m o u n t b e t w e e n t w o t ri u n e l i l i e s , a nd i n t he de xt e r c hi e f

po i n t a bla z i n g st a r, w i t h t he m o t t o L a me n i n ca elo W ha t ‘
.
’

is t hi s t re e b u t t he T re e o f Li fe ; t he s e Li li e s b u t t he L i li e s o f

t he n ew a n n u n ci a t i o n — o i t he A c e w hi c h i s t o re v e rs e t he c u r se

of E va 2 Wha t st a r i s t hi s, i f n ot t he s ta r o f t he se c o n d a dv e n t
W he e l
.

’
F o r t he si of t he Z o di a of t he of L i fe , t he
‘
ns c, or a s
g
na me '

si g n i fi e s, a re n ot a rbi t r a r y ,
t he y a re t he w o r ds of G od
t ra c ed o n p h et h e pla
r e b y t h e n e r o f G o d, a n d
gn is rst e p re s se d fi fi x
y
i n i n t e lli gi bl e hi e r o gl p hi c s by m e n o f t he Age o f S a tu rn , w ho
k n e w t he t ru t h a n d h e ld t he Ke y o f t he M st e ri e s The w he e l y .
 I 82 C YM B E L INE .

of t he Z o di a c t hu s c o n s t i t u te d t he ea rl i e s t B i bl e ; fo r on it is
t ra c ed t he u ni v e rsa l hi s to r y o f t he w ho l e hu m a ni t y ” “
( Th e
P e rfe c t Wa y ,
”
pp 1 7 4 , 1 7 5 , Ki n gsfo rd)
. .

“
On l y w he n t he Na ro s, o r C c le o f t he S i x Da y y s s ha ll a ga i n

rea c h t he i r se v e n t h da y , wi ll t he Lo rd
’
of t he S e v e n t h, w ho m
‘

t he La t i n s a do r e d w i t h u n v e i le d hea ds u n de r t he na me of

S ep tima n i us, re t u rn , a nd t he v eil of i llus i o n of Ma y a b e ta k en

a wa y . The a n t i c i pa tion of t he se v e n th da y of t he re n e w e d

Ar c a di a ,
t he S e v en Da y s
’
F e st i v a l of Li be rt y a nd Pea ce wa s he ld
b y t h e G r e e ks un de r t he na me of t he Kron ia ,
a nd by t he La t i n s
u n de r t ha t o f t he S a tu rna lia . Thi s re de m
pt i v Sa bba t h i s sp o e n
e k
of i n t he G o sp e l a s t he ha r v e st o f t he en d o f t he w o rld, w he n
’

Sa t u r n , Sa t o r (t h S w ), L o rd of t he H a rv e st , ‘
s ha ll
'

or e o e r a s

re t u r n a ga i n w i th j oy ,
bri n gi n g his she a v e s wi t h hi m (p 1 7 2.
,

“
P e rfe c t Wa y
Ia m re di t e t Vi rg o, re deu n t S a twrn i a re g n a

v
,

Ia m no a prog e n i e s c osl o di m i tt i t ur a l t o .

“
(Vi rgi l , Ec l o g .
, iv .
)
A t t he o pe n i n g o f t he y ea r t he c o n st e lla t i o n o f t he C e l e st i a l

Vi rgi l, A straea , I si s, o r C e r e s, i s i n a sc e n si o n . S he ha s b e n ea th
he r fe e t i n t he l o w e r ho ri z o n t he g si n y
P t ho n or y
T p ho n , o f t he
Dra go n of t he T r e e o f t he H e sp e ri de s, w ho ri se s a fte r he r, a i m i n g
”
hi s fa n
gs a t he r he e l .

S i r T o b i e M a t t he w se em s u n dou b t e dl y t o ha ve en o j y ed t he

e n t ire a n d u n b o u n de d c o n fid en ce of B a c on . In de e d he i s t he
on l yw ri te r w ho se l e t t e rs gi v e us a c lu e t o t he r ea l a u t ho r shi p

of S ha k e sp ea re , if w e m a y so pu t i t I t i s S i r T o b i e M a t t he w .

w ho w ri t e s :
“
T he m o st p r o di gi ou s wi t t ha t e e r n ew, o f m
y v Ik
na tion a n d of t hi s si de of t he s ea ,
is of y our L o r dshi p
’
s na m e,

t ho u gh he b e k n ow n by a n o t he r .
”
It i s t o S i r T o b i e Ma t t he w
t ha t B a con wr i t e s he ha s p u t t he w o r
: lpha b e t i n t o k s of t he a

fra m e Thi s . w o rd
“
fra me i m m edi a t e l
r e ca lls pa
g e 36 o f t he y
Di st ri bu t i o n P re fa c e , w he re a c o n , w ri t in
g o f t he t p es a n d B y
p la t fo rm s o f t he u n c o m p l e t e d F o ur t h Pa rt o f hi s n s ta u ra t i o n ,
”
I
sa y s :
“
Fo r i t ca m e i n to our m i n d, t ha t i n M ATH E MA T I CS t he
 c YM B E L I NE . I s3

fra me st a n di n g, t he De m o n st ra t i o n i n fe rr e d i s fa c i l e a nd p er
sp i c u o u s .
”
It a pp ea r s fro m t he fo ll o wi n g t ha t B a c on c o n sul t e d

Sir To bi e M a t t he w on hi s w o r k s
“
M y Insta u ra ti on I r e s e rv e for ou r c o nf e r e n c e ; it sl ee p s n o t .

Tho se w o r ks of t he A lp ha bet i n m y o pi n i o n o f l e ss
a re u se t o you
w he r e y o u a re n ow, t ha n a t Pa ri s ; a n d t he r e fo re I c o n c ei v ed

t ha t y o u ha d se n t me a ki nd of ta ci t c o u n t erm a n d of y ou r

fo rm er re q u e st .
”

T he fo llo w i n g c u ri o u s ma n u s c ri
pt b e e n fou n d, p o i n t i n g t o
ha s

“ ”
t he da t e 1 64 0 (t he da t e Of t he A dva n c e m e n t O f L e a rn i n g,
t ra n sla t e d by Wa t s) . It i s w o rt h y t w no e e fin d a
“
P osthu mus
in t he la st p la y of t he F o li o
“
Cym b li e n e, in c o n t e xt wi th a

bo o k a ra re on e — w hi c h i s a my t y s er a s t o m ea n in
g .

A BR E I F DESCRIPTION
OF A C U RI OUS M A NU S CRI PT

In t he Co ll e c t i o n of t he Rev Dr . NEL I GAN ,

wi t h Ex t ra c t s .

T HE MANU S CR IP T Is E NIL T T ED

A T RU E H ISTO RICA L L RELAT O N I

OF T H E CO NV E RS O I N OF

SIR TO BIE MATTHEW S

T O T H E H O L IE C A H L I F AY H
T O C T ,

Wi t h t he A n t e c e de n t s a nd Con se qu en t s t h e re o f,

To a dea re F ri en d .

T hi s hi ghl y
c u ri o u s M a n u sc ri p t c o n si st s o f t hre e se pa ra t e

t r e a t i s e s, a n d i s da t e d 8 t h 7 b e r, 1 640 It i s si gn e d by S i r .

T o bi e M a tt he w hi m s e lf i n t w o pla c e s, vi z , a t t he e n d O f t he .

hi st o r y of hi s c o n v e rsi o n , w he r e i t a l so b e a rs t he na me o f se v e ra l
w i t n e sse s i n t he i r ow n a u to h a nd a i n a ft e r t he t r e a t i se
g p s; ra
g a

ca ll e d P osthum u s, or the S u ro i oou/r, to w hi c h Si r T M a tt he w .

ha s li k e w i se a f fix ed hi s s ea l in re d wa x .

P u b li sh e d b y M r Sm i t h i n hi s li tt l e w o rk u pon t he a u t h orshi p O f t he

pl a ys .
1 84 C YM B E L I NE .

We a re t he n pre se n te d with
“
P osthu m us, or the Sa w ioour , a

t rea t i s e w hi c h o c c u pi e s t w e n t y -
on e p a
g e s ; a nd fr o m a
p g e 2 2

t o t he e n d, pa ge 5 9 , w e ha v e t he
“
Fi v e a
-
n d tw en t
-
y
C o n si de ra
t io n s
”
a llu de d t o , da t e d 1 6 4 1 , a nd a pp a re n t l y “
si gn e d, J a m es
“ ”
Lo u t h . A t t he e n d Of P osthu m u s, or the S u rvi oou r, i s t he fo ll o w
i n g, i n t he a u to
g ra ph of S i r T o bi e M a t t he w , a nd a n i m press i o n
of hi s s ea l in re d w a x

Si gn ed b y m e i n Lo n do n , a s i n
y e prese n c e o f Al m igh t y G o d, fo r
m os t c e rt a i n l y a n d i n t i re ly
t ru e u po n y e 8 t h da y of 7 b er .

1 64 0 .

T O BI E

The s ea l b e a rs a Li o n Ra m pa n t i n t he rst fi a nd fo u rt h q u a r t e rs ,

a nd three C he v ro n s i n t he s e c o n d a n d t hi rd .

T he n fo llo w s t he a t t e sta t i o n by w i t n e ss e s, i n a di ffe re n t w ri t i n g,

a nd t he ir a u to r ph si gn a t u r e s
g a .

T he na me o f P o st hu m u s su gg e st s so m e t hi n g b o rn or pu b
li she d P osthu mous lg, tha t i s, a fter the dea th f
o the Fa ther or A u tho r .

Sir T o bi e Ma t t he w s w a s B a con s
’
m o st b o so m fri e n d, i n de e d the

on ly f ri en d t o w ho m he se e m s t o ha v e u n c la sp e d t he se c re t b oo k
of hi s v y
er sou l . S i r T o b i e M a t t he w s se e m s t o ha v e be en on e of

B a con s
’
li t e ra r y x e e c u t o rs . At a ny ra t e , i n t he pla y of Gym
”
b e li n e , w e fi n d P o st hu m u s L e o n a t u s p re se n t e d t o u s i n t he
fo llo w i n g sc e n e in c on n ection wi t h some booh, —a ra re one , su gg es te d
a s som e t e rm i n a l re v e la tion

A bo ok ? 0 ra re o n e

Be n ot, a s is ou r fa n gl e d w o rl d, a ga rm e n t
N o bl e r t ha n t ha t i t co v e rs l e t t hy e ffec ts

S o fo ll o w , t o b e m ost u n l ik e o u r c o u rt i e rs ,

A s go od a s p ro m is e .
 C YM B E L I NE . 1 85

[Rea ds ] . When as a li o ns
’
w he lp sha l l , to hi m se lf u n kn o wn , w i thou t seeki n g

find , a nd p i ece of te n d er a i r ; a nd w hen f r o m a sta te ly ceda r

be em br a ced by a

sha l l be to
pp ed bra n c hes, whi c h, bei n g dea d m a n y yea rs, sha l l a f ter revi ve , be
j oi n ted to the old stoc k, a nd f reshly gr ow the n sha ll P osthu m u s en d hi s
m i seri es , B r i ta i n be f or twna te , a nd flou ri sh i n p ea c e a n d p l en ty .

Of c ou rse t he Li o n
’
s W he lp is a r e fe re n c e to t he “
Li o n
’
s

Whe lp Of t he H o u s e Of J u da h, a nd is e v i de n t l y c on n ec t ed w ith

L e o— t he Li o n , y
“ ”
t he si
g n or Se p a ra t i n g . In C m b e li n e t he

Fa t he r Of L e o n a t u s i s i n t ro du c e d a s S i ci li a s L eon a tu s, a na me
w hi c h t a k es u s a t on ce t o S i c il y a nd to Le on tes, Ki n g Of Si c il y ,
in
t he “
Wi n t e r s ’
Ta l e .
” “
The Li o n Of t he Trib e o f J u da h
”
(Re v .

v . 5) “
is k n ow n t o ha ve a lw a y s b e e n b o rn e on t he st a n da rd o f

J u da h, w he t he r i n t he w ildern e ss (Nu m . ii .
) or in a ft e r t i m e s .
 CHAPTER X .

Ba c o N s H OME
’
. T E MP LE AND VE RU LAM HOUS E , GO RH AMB U RY .

Whe n Veru la m st o od

S t Al ba n s w a s a w o od
Bu t n ow Ve ru l a m s do w n ,
’

S t Al ba n s i s b e co m e a t o w n .

T HE c hi e f pa rt s t ha t a re n o w s ta n di n
g of t he re m a in s of T e m pl e
H o u se , G o rha m bu ry, a re t he ru i n s O f t he ha ll, w hi c h c o n st i t u t e d

t he i n n e r side o f t he c o u rt , a n d a lo ft y o c ta g o na l to w er . Th e
i n si de , w hi c h i s n ow q ui te o en , a
p pp ea r s fro m t he Au bre ym a nu

s c ri
pt s t o ha v e y
b e e n hi ghl o rn a m e n t e d i n t he spl e n s di d t yl e of

t he a
ge .
“
In
”
t he ha ll, wri t e s Au bre , “
y
i s a la rg e st o ri e , v er y
w e ll pa i n t e d, of t he fea st of t he G o ds, w he re M a rs i s ca u ght in a

n et by Vu lca n . O n t he w a ll o v
pa i n t e d a n oa k ,
er t he c hi m n e yi s

w i t h a c o rn s fa lli n g fro m i t , wi t h t he w o rds Ni si q

u id p oti ns ; a n d

o n t he w a ll o v e r t he ta bl e i s pa i n t e d Ceres tea chin g the sowi n g of

”
corn , t he w o rds M on i ti M eliora .

Thi s w a s L o rd B a con s
’
m o t t o, a nd fi n ds pa rt i c u la r r e fle c ti o n in
“
c o n n e c t i on w i t h hi s c o n c lu di n w o rds t o t he De A u gm e n t i s of
g
1 62 3—t ha t he ha d “
sown un to p oste ri ty . Ma y we n ot v e n t u re

to su ppo se t ha t t hi s pi c t u r e ha d so m e a s so c i a t i o n w i t h t he i n t r o

du c t i o n Of Ce re s i n t he pla y of
“
The T e m p e st
”
?

P ri m a C e res fe rro m o rt a l es ve rt e re t e rra m

In st i t u i t , c u m j a m gla n des a t qu e a rbu t e sa c rse
v
De fic e re n t s i l ae , e t v i c t u m D o don a n e ga re t .

“
V
( i rgil , G e o rgi cs , i .

’
The re i s a n a ll u si on t o t h es e lin es i n t he t hi rd S o phis m o f Ba co n s C o lo urs
o f G o o d a n d E il v
Pro pt er c o m pa ra t i o n e m s i bo n u m fu e ri t ge n e ri hu m a n o
.

p ri va n esu gla n di u m , n o n s equ i t ur qu o d m a l u s i ll e e ra t ; se d Do dona b o n a ,

’

C eres m eli or (Spe ddi n g, i

. .
 TE M P L E M O US E , G OR H A M B UR If . I 87

C ere s , m o st b ou n t e ou s L a dy , t h y ri c h l e a s
O f Wh ea t , Ry e , Ba rl e y , Ve t c h e s, O a t s, a n d Pea s .

(Ac t iii . so .

It w a s Ce re s, a s r e p re se n t e d i n t he p a i n t i n g, w ho rst ta u ght fi
m en gri c ul t u re a n d a
a c i vi l l i fe A n d i t w a s r o u n d he r w o rshi p
.

t ha t t he G re e Dra m a t o o k k it s o ri
gi n T he
li gi o n w hi c h pr o
. re

du c e d t he Dra m a ,
is y
e ss e n t i a l l c o n n e c t e d w i t h t he w o rshi p O f t he

e lem e n t s, a n d t ha t t he G r e e kD ra m a i n pa rt i c u la r m a n i fe st s i t se lf
i n t he gn a t e w o rshi p o f Ap o ll o , D e m e t e r (Ceres), a n d Di o n su s
co y
(D o
’
n a lds o n s
“
G re e
”
The a t r e , p “
k
It w a s a s a P ha lli c .

v
G o d, a n d a s t he gi e r o f w i n e , t ha t Di o n su s re t a i n e d hi s pla c e y
i n t he w o rshi p of a n c i en t G re e c e . A n d i n t hi s ca pa cit y hi s
w o rshi p c on n ects i t se lf i n di sso lu bl y w i th th e m yt s e r i e s o f De m e t e r

a nd he r da u ght e r, t he go dde sse s o f t he e a rt h a n d u n der -

w o rl d .

y
G e n e ra ll t he pro du c t i e n e ss o f t he e a rt h i s v re
g a rde d a s t he

r e su lt Of a ma rri a
g e b e t w e e n t he G o d of t he sk
y
— w he t h er he
a pp e a rs a s t he g e n i a l su n or a s t he f
r e re s hi n g ra in — a n d t he
e a rt h a n d
g o dde ss w ho r e pr e se n t s t he t e e m i n g w e ds he r da ght e r
u

t o Plu t u s, t he o w n er Of t he t r e a sur e hi dde n b e l o w t he su rfa c e o f

t he gro u n d, e i t he r a c t u a ll y a s m e t a lli c r i c h e s, or p o t e n tia ll y a s

t h e ge rm s O f v e g e ta bl e gro w t h (I bi d .

SO i t se e m s B a con , a s a b o y , m u st ha v e e a rl y b e e n m a de
a c q ua i n t e d w i t h t hi s j
su b e c t , se e i n
g i n hi s Wi sdo m “
Of t he

A n c i e n t s, he so t ho ro u ghl y a pp r e h e n ds t he m e a n i n
g of P ro
s e rpi n e w ho w a s t he da u ght e r Of C e re s . B a c on s
’
fa t he r, Si r
Ni c ho la s B a con , i s de sc ri b e d by Na u n t o n in hi s “
F ra gm e n t a
” “
Re ga li a a s a n a r c h pi e c e o f w i t
-
a n d w i sdo m . A ga i n , T ho se
t ha t l i v ed i n hi s a g e ,
a nd fro m w he n c e I ha v e ta k en t hi s li t t l e

m o de l of v
hi m , gi e hi m a li e l c ha ra c t e r, a n d t he v y yd e c i phe r hi m
to be a n o t h e r S o l on , a n d t he S i m o n o f t h o se t i m e s, su c h a n on e

a s (Edi pu s w a s i n di sso l vi n g ri ddl e s . In t he g a rde n c l o se t o

t he ho u se w a s a st a tu e of O rp h e u s, a n o t he r su pp o se d fo u n de r

of t he m yt s e ri e s, a n d in a n i c he in a br o k en w a ll, a fu ll le n gt h
s ta tu e of Hen r y VIII . i n gi lt a rm o u r , bu t gre a tl de fa c e d a n d y
m u t i la t e d . So th t B a a c o n ha d e n o u h a r o u n d hi m t o st i m u la t e
g
1 88 TE M P L E H O US E , G O R H A M B UR Y .

hi s p o e t i c a l, c la ssi ca l, a n d hi st o ri c a l g e n i u s i n to t ho u ght T hi s .

w a ll, i n w hi c h t he fra gm e n t O f H e n r VI s ta n ds , fo rm e d pa rt y II .

o f a n o ble p i a z za o r p o rt i c u s , w hi c h, a c c o rdi n
g t o Au b re , w a s y
b u i lt by t he L o rd C ha n c e l lo r a B c on , a n d i s de sc rib e d by P e n na n t
a s ha v i n
g a ra n ge O f p illa rs Of t he T u sca n o rde r i n fro n t .

“
O ppo si t e t o e v y er a rc h o f t hi s po rt i c o ,
”
wri t e s A u br e y ,
“
a nd

a s bi g a s t he a rc h,
dra w n by a n e c e lle n t ha n d (bu t t he
a re x
m i sc hi e f o f i t i s, i n w a t e r—
c o l o u rs c u ri o u s p i c t u re s, a ll e m bl e m a t i
)
ca l, wi t h m o t t o e s u n de r ea c h : fo r e a m l e , o n e ,
p x
r e m e m b e r, i s a I
shi
p to sse d i n a s t o rm , t he m o tt o , A lter eri tu m Typ hys (Th i s i s .

a n a llu s i o n t o t he P i lo t o f t he A r o n a u t i c e x e di t i o n
g p ) O er . v
t hi s p ort i c o i s a s ta tel y y
ga lle r , w ho s e gla ss w i n do w s a re a ll
pa i n t e d ; a nd e v y er p a n e w i t h s e v e ra l fi
gu re s O f b e a s t , b i rd,
or fl ow er : p e rha p s hi s L o rdshi p m i ght u s e t he m a s t o pi c s o f
lo ca l u se . T he w i n do w s l o o k i n t o t he ga rde n : t he si de O pp o
si te t he m ha s no w i n do w s, b u t i s hu n g a ll w i t h p i c t u r e s a t
l e n gt h, a s of Ki n g J a m e s, hi s L o rdshi p, a n d se v e ra l illu st ri ou s
e s o n s of hi s t i m e A t t he en d e n t er is wi n do w ,
p r .
yo u no

b u t t he re i s v y
la rge p i c t u r e t hu s : i n t he m i ddl e , o n
a er

a ro c k in t he se a , sta n ds Ki n g J a m e s i n a rm o u r, w i t h hi s

re
g l
a o rn a m e n t s ; o n hi s r i ght ha n d s ta n ds (bu t w he t he r o r
no on a ro c k I ,
ha v e fo rgo t ) H e n r y IV . of Fra n ce, in a rm o u r ;
a n d on hi s l e ft ha n d, t he Ki n g of Spa i n i n li k e a rm o u r . The s e
fig u re s a re , a t l ea st , a s bi g life ; t he
a s y a re do n e onl y with

u m b re a n d she l l a n d i llu m i na t e d
ll t he he i ght e n i n g
g o ld ; a pa r t
b e i n g bu rn i she d go l d, a n d t he sha do w u m bre The r o o f O f t hi s .

ga ll e r iys s e m i c li n dri qu e , a n d p a i n t e d by t he sa m e ha n d, a n d
y
sa me ma n n e r, wi t h hea ds a nd bu s t s Of G re e k a nd Ro m a n e m pe r o rs
”
a nd he ro e s . In a n o rc ha rd c o n n e c t e d w i t h t he O l d m a n si o n wa s

a sm a ll b a n qu e t t i n g or su m m e r -
ho u se , t he w a lls of w hi c h w e re

c u ri ou sl yp a i n t ed a l fresco, w i t h re pre s e n t a t i o n s o f t he li b e ra l a rt s ,

v
ha i n g a ppr o pr ia t e m o t t o e s u n de r t he m , a nd a bo v e t he m , t he

hea ds o f t he m o st i llu st ri ou s of t ho se w ho ha d e x c e l le d in ea c h

a rt , w he t he r a n cien t or m o de rn . T he m o tto e s a re
pre s e r e d v
in V V
e ever (p . a nd a l s o i n t he “
Bi o gra phi c a B ri ta n n i ca ,
”
 TE M P L E H O US E , G O R H A M B UE Y . 1 89

v ol . i .
p . 4 4 6, w he r e t he y a re
g i v en w i t h t ra n sla ti on s . Thi s
ma n si o n wa s r e du c e d t o i t s pr e se n t r u i n o u s st a t e w he n t he hou s e

of t he L o rds G ri m st o n w a s bu i lt i n t he y ea rs 1 7 78 1 7 85 -
.

B a con a l so e re c t e d a ho u se w i t hi n t he w a ll s Of a n ci en t

Ve ru l a m , w hi c h, a c c o r di n g t o A u b re y ,
he ha d
gr e a t m i n d t o a

ha v e m a de a city a ga i n a nd he ha d de si gn e d i t t o b e b u i lt wi t h
m ity
” “
g re a t u n ifor . Ve ru la m H ou s e , c on t i n u e s t he w ri t e r, wa s

t he m o st i n ge n i o u sl y c o n t ri v ed li t t le p i l e t ha t e I v er sa w . N0
q u e st i o n bu t hi s L o rdshi p w a s t he c hi e fe st a rc hi t e c t b u t he ha d
fo r hi s a s si st a n t a fa v ou ri t e O f hi s, a St Al ba ns ma n, M r Dob so n
(fa t he r Of Do b son , t he c e l e b ra t e d p o r t ra i t pa i n t e r) , w ho w a s hi s
’
L o rdshi p s r i ght ha n d .

Thi s ho u se di d c o st n i n e or t e n t ho u sa nd
(p ou n ds
) t he bu ild
i n g, a nd wa s so ld a b ou t 1 6 6 5 or 6, b y S i r H a rb o t t l e G ri m st o n ,
B a rt .
(n ow M a st e r of t he Ro lls) , t o t w o p e n t e rs, fo r fo u r
ca r

hu n dre d p ou n ds, O f w hi c h t he y m a de e i ght hu n dre d p o u n ds ;

t h e r e w e r e go o d c hi m n e pi e c e s y -
t he r o o m s er l o ft , a n d e rv y y v y
w e ll w a i n sc o t t e d t he re ba t hi n g
‘

w ere t wo r o o m s, or st u fi e s,

w hi t he r hi s L o r dshi p re t i re d a ft e rn o o n s a s he sa w c a u se : a ll t he
t u n n e ls Of t he c hi m n e y s w e re c a rri e d i n t o t he m i ddl e of t he

ho u se , a n d ro u n d a b ou t t he m w e r e sea ts . Fro m t he l e a ds w a s a

lo v ly pe p e c t t o t he p o n ds, w hi c h w e re O pp o si t e t o t he
ro s ea st side

O f t he ho u s e , a n d w e r e o n t he o t he r si de o f a s t a t e l wa l y k of t re e s

t ha t l e a ds t o G o rha m b u ry H o u se , a nd a lso o v er t ha t l o n g w a l k of

t r e e s, w ho se t o p s a ffo rd a m o st pl e a sa n t v a r i e ga ted v e rdu r e ,

r e se m b li n
g t he w o r s i n ri sh k I st i c he s . In t he m i ddl e of t he

ho u se w a s a de li c a t e sta i r c a s e Of w o o d, w hi c h w a s c u r i o u sl y
ca r v ed ; a nd on t he p o st Of e v er y i n t e r st i c e w a s som e
pr e tty

fi gu r e , a s of a
g ra v e v
di i n e w i t h hi s b o o k a n d sp e c t a c le s, a m e n di
ca n t fri a r, & c .
,
n ot on e t hi n g t w i c e : on t he do o rs o f t he u pp e r

s t o re y on t he o u t si de , w hi c h w e re p a i n t e d da r k u m b re , w e re

fig u re s Of t he G o ds of t he G e n t il e s ; vi z .
, on t he S ou t h do or,

se c o n d st o r e y
A p o ll o ; o n a n o t he r J up i ter, wi th hi s thu nd er
,
wa s

bolt, bi gger tha n the life, a n d don e by a n excellen t ha n d the li ghtn i n gs

were of ha tchi n gs of gold, whi ch when the sun shon e on the m , ma de a
1 90 T E M P L E H O USE , G O R H A M B UR Y .

mo st glori ous show Thi s w a s hi s L o rdshi p s

’
su m m e r ho u s e ; fo r
’

he sa id o n e s ho u ld ha v e s ea t s fo r su m m er a n d w i n t e r, a s w e ll a s
”
c l o t he s . The ki t c he n, la rde r, c e l la rs, &c .
,
a re u n de r gro u n d .

In t he s e t ri fle s w e se e re fl e c t e d B a c on s
’
c la ssi ca l t a st e s a nd

p re di l e c t i o n s Thi s p i c t o ri a l J u pi t e r s e e m s t o fi n d r e e c t i o n i n
. fl
t he p la y
of
”
y
C m b e li n e , w he re i n t he la st a c t J up i ter is i n trodu ced
throwi n g a thu n derbolt .

J up i ter descends i n thun der a nd li ghtn i ng, si tti n g up on a n ea gle

he throws a thu n der bolt -
.
(A c t . v .
)
W he n t hi s pla y wa s w ri t t e n Ve ru l a m H o u s e ha d b e e n b u i lt ,
a nd t he se de c o ra t i o n s e xi st e d . The T e m p e st —a n o t he r of t he

fi nal pla s—a l so pr e se n t s u s wi t h J u pi t e r

y . We c o ns i de r t he se

p o i n t s s ho w s t ro n g pa ra lle l e v i de n c e t ha t a B con wa s su rro u n di n

g
hi m se lf w i t h pa i n t i n gs o f su b e c t s j we re fi n d i n t he la s t pla y s .

A po llo , t he G o d o f po e t r y a n d so n
g J u p i
,
t e r ,
t he pro ta go n i s t
of

c la ssi ca l m t ho l o g y y ,
ho w O ft e n do w e re fi n d a ll t hi s i n t he bo o k
of bo o k s

An d t h e fire
’
-
ro b d G od
G o lde n A po l l o , a po o r h u m b l e sw a in
I
As s e e m n o w .

( Wi n t e r s Ta l e
“ ’
,
a ct iv . so .

T o t h e dre a d ra t t li n g t h u n der
Ha v I gi v
e en fi re , a n d rift ed o e s s to u t oa k
’
Jv
Wi th hi s own b ol t .

“
( Te m pest .

Fro m he n c e t o G o rha m b ur y i s abo u t 2 li t t le m i le s ; t he

wa y a s c e n di n g
so a ha rdl y c c li v e a s a k
de s : t hr e e pa ra ll e l w a l e s k
le a de t o G o rha m b u ry i n i ght li n e ; i n t he m iddl e m o st ,
a s t ra

t hre e c oa c he s m a y pa ss a b re a st ; i n t he w i n g w a l e s, t w o : t he k y
c o n s i st o f se v e ra ll s t a t e l y
t r e e s o f t he li e gro w t h a n d he i ght , k
e lm e , c he s n u t , b e a c h, ho rn b ea m , Sp a n i sh a sh, C e rvi c e t re e , & c
- ~
.

w ho se t o ps, a s a fo re s a id, do e a ffo rd fro m t he w a l e o n t he ho w se , k

t he fi n e st s he w t ha t I ha v e se en . The fig u re s o f t he po n ds w e re

t hu s t he yw
pi t c he d a t t he b o t t o m e s w i t h p e bble s o f se v e ra ll
e re

c o l o u rs , w hi c h w e r e w o rk t i n t o s e v e ra ll gu re s, a s o f she s, & c fi fi .

’
w hi c h i n hi s L o rdshi p s t i m e w e r e pla i n l t o b e s e e n t hro u gh t he y
 T E M P L E H O US E , G OR H A M B w e re 1 9:

c le re wa t e r, (t ho u gh) n ow o ve g
rro w n wi t h fla gge s a n d ru she s . If
a po or b o di e ha d bro u ght hi s lo rdshi p ha lfe a do z e n p e bble s O f
c uri o u s c o l o u r, he w o u l d
gi e t h e m a v
shi lli n , s o c u r i o u s w a s he
g
I
i n p e rfe c t i n g hi s fi sh p o n ds, w hi c h gu e ss do e c o n t a i n e fo u r a c r e s .

In t he m i ddle O f t he m i ddle m o st p o n d i n t he i sla n d i s a c u ri o u s

b a n qu e tt i n g hou se O f Ro m a n a rc hi t e c t u r e , pa v e d wi t h bla c a n d k
w hi t e m a rble , c o v e re d w i t h Co rn i sh sla t e , a n d n ea tl yw a i n sc o t t e d

(
“
H i st o r y of Ve ru la m a nd St Al ba ns
.
”
F . L . Wi lli a m s , p 1 4 0,
.

1 8 22 )
 C HAP TER XI .

P A RALLE LS .

Fo r i t i s a ru l e of T ra di ti ve A r t, “
t h a t w ha t soe v
e r sc i en ce is n ot c on

s on a n t to a n t i c i pa tion s presu ppo si ti o n s m u s t p r a y i n a id

or
f
o si m i li tu des
a n d comp a ri s ons (B o o k V I a
, p ge 2 7 6,
.
“
Ad a n c e m e n t o f v
F or m a n y form s o f spe a kin g a r e equ a l i n si gn ifica ti o n w hi ch a re
'

diger en t
i n i mp r essi on
”
(B oo k VI , p ga e 2 1 1 .
,
“
Ad a n c e m e n t o f v
Pro V e rb is l e gi s
No n e st i n t e rpre ta ti o , sed
di vi na ti o , quse re eedi t a l i t e ra
Cu m re c e di t ur a x
li t e ra , j u de t ra ns i t i n l egi sla to re m .

Pro se n t e n t i a l e gis .

Ex o m ni bu s v erb is es t e li c i e n du s s e n su s qu i i n t e rpre ta tur sin gu l a .

v ”
Ad a n c em en t , Bo o k

F O R, a s t he fa ble go e t h o f t he ba sili sk, t ha t i f he se e

y o u fi rst

you di e fo r i t ; bu t i f y o u se e hi m fi rst , he di e t h
”
(
“
A dv a n ce

m en t,
”
oo B k II ,
xxxi . .

It i s a ba s i li sk u n to m in e ey e ,

Kills m e t o l o ok
’
on t .

Cym be lin e , a ct ii . se . 4,

T he r e i s a n a n ci en t re c e i v ed t ra di t i o n o f t he S a la ma n der,
tha t i t li veth i n the fi re , a n d ba t h fo rc e a lso t o e xt i n gui s h t he
fire E
( p
x 8 60, .
“
Na t u ra l Hi st o r y
Ih v a e m a i n t a i n e d t ha t Sa l a m a n de r o f you rs wi t h fire
An y t im e t his t w o a nd t hi rt y yea rs .

Ki n g H e n ry IV a ct iii . se .

fl
Af i c t i o n on l ylv e el t ho s e mole hi lls -
of ri
p de
” “
( L e t te r L XX .

to L o rd C hi e f J u st i e e C o k e,
”
17

Th e fa c t Ba co n m a k es t h ese re m a rks i n c o nn ec t i o n wi t h Tr a d i ti on , whi c h

h e c a ll s The A r t of Del i very , or of exp ress i n g , a n d tra n sf err i n g those thi ngs
”
w hi c h a re i n ven ted , is a s i gn i fi ca n t hi n t o f i ts e lf .
 P A RA L L E L S . 1 93

Th e bli n d m o le c a st s

C o pp d hi l ls t o w a rds h e a
’
v en , t o t ell t h e e a rt h i s t hro n g d
’

By m a n s O ppre ssi o n
’
.

“
( Pe ri el e s, a ct i . se .

Bu t a s fo r i m i ta ti on , i t i s c e rt a i n t ha t t he r e i s i n m e n a nd

o t he r c rea t u re s a p re di spo si t i o n t o i m i ta te . We se e ho w rea d y

a p es a nd m on ky e s a re t o im ita t e a ll m o t i o n s Of ma n . An d
b e si de s y o u sha ll ha e p a rrots tha t wi ll v n ot on ly i mi ta te voi ces bu t
la u ghi n g
”
y ”
S lv a Syl v a ru m , C e n t . III .
,
Exp 2 36, .

No w by t w o h e a de d J a
-
n us,

N a t ure h a t h fra m e d st ra n g e fe l l o w s i n h er t i m e
Som e v
t h a t wi ll e e rm ore p e e p t h rou gh t h e i r e y e s ,
A n d la u gh l i ke P a rr o ts a t a b a gpi pe r .

“
( M erc h a n t Of Ve n i c e , a et i . se .

I m i ta ri i s n o t hi n g : so do t h t h e h o u n d hi s m a st e r, t h e Ap e h i s Ke e pe r .

Lo v ’
e s
’
La b o u r s L o st ,
"
a c t i v so . .

C leop a tra . H a s t t h o u t h e pre t t y w orm of N i lu s t he re ,

Tha t ki lls a nd p a i ns n ot ?

(
“
An t o n y a nd Cl e o pa t ra ,
a ct v . so .

The dea th tha t i s m ost wi thou t p a i n , ha t h b e e n n oted t o be u po n

t he t a ki n
g of t he p o t i o n Of h e m lo c k ,
w hi c h, i n hu m a n it y ,
wa s t he

form of e x e c u ti on of ca p i t a l o ffe n de r s i n A t he ns . The p oi son o f

the a w tha t Cleop a tra u sed ha th som e a fi n i ty wi th i t
”
( N “
a t u ra l

H i st o r y ,
Ex p 6 4 3, C e n t
. .

Tha t t he n o t e Of a fo r Op i n i on , a n d n ot for tru th,

t hi n g c ho s e n

i s t hi s, t ha t i f a m a n t ho u ght t ha t w ha t he do t h shou l d n e e r v
“
olo u r s o f G o o d
c o m e t o li ght , h e w o ul d n e v e r ha v e do n e i t ( C
a n d E i l, v”

A pl a gu e OfOp i n i o n, 8. ma n m a y wea r i t on b o t h si de s l i k e a l e a t h e r j erki n .

Tro i l u s a n d Cre ss ida .

Thi s fo ol gu dge o n , t hi s op i n i on
’
s .

“
( M erc h a n t of Ve n i c e , a ct i . so .

Be c u re d o f t hi s di se a se d op i n i o n.

( Wi n t e r s Ta l e
“ ’

,
a ct i . so .

S O i n li k e ma n n e r, a lt ho u gh our p e rs o n s li v e i n t he vi ew of

hea ven ,
y e t o u r spir i t s a re i n c lu de d i n t he c a v e s o f o u r o wn c o m

N
1 94 P AR A L LE L S
.

pl e x i o n s a n d c u s t o m s, c
w hi h m i n i st e r u n to u s in fi n i t e e rr o rs a n d

vai n Op i n i on s, i f t he b e n o t y r e ca lle d t o e xa m i na t i o n
” “
( Ad v a nce

m e n t O f L e a r ni n g ,
”
oo B k II .
, p .

“ in
A n d the op i n i on f
o E pi cu rus , a n sw e ra ble t o t he sa me
”
H ea t he n i sm w ho su p po s e d t he o ds to be of hu m a sha
g n
pe
Ad v a n cem en t of L ea rn i n g , B k II p oo .
,
.

Ca ssi u s . Yo u k n o w t h t I h ld Epi
a e c u r u s s tro ng,

An d hi s Op i n i on
( J li v
.

“
u us C aesa r, a ct . se .

y f fl tt y i m i l b
The de fo rm i t o a er s co ca ,
ut t he da m a ge t ra gi ca l

(Fl t t y XX XVIII
a er A ti t h t
,
.
,
n e a

H w x t ly t hi i
o fl t d i Ti m
e a c s s re ec e n
“
on Of A t he n s, w he re t he

fl t t y f hi f i d i m i lly t p
a er o s r en s s co ca ra n s a r e n t , t he e n d b e i n g so

t ra gi ca l !

T he fi rs t
p re c e p t m a y b e t ha t w he re o f w e ha e a dm o n i she d v
alre a d ; y ’
l e t t he gre a t e r re v o lu t i o n s b e re ta i n d ; t he l es s e r
ho ro sc o p e s a nd ho u s e s ca sheer
’
d
”
(
“
Ad v a n c em e n t of L ea rn i n g,
”

l 64 0, p 1 4 9 ) .

F or n a u gh t b u t pro v e n de r, a n d wh e n h e
’
s o l d ca s he er
”
’
d .
0

O t h e ll o , a ct i . se .

F or i t w a b o t h pl ea sa n t l a n d w i se l sa i d by a
s y y n un cio of

t he P o p e , r e t u rn i n g fr o m a c e r t a i n n a t i o n w he r e he se r v ed a s

leiger
”
Ad v a n c em en t Of L ea rn i n
g,
”
B k II oo .
, x x iii .

L o rd An g e l o , ha i n g a ffa i rs to v h v ea en ,

In t e n ds y o u fo r hi s s w i ft a m ba ssa d o r,
W he re yo u sha ll b e a n e v
e rla s t i n g l e i ger .

M ea s u re fo r M ea sure , a ct ii i . se . 1,

The bl e ssi n g of J uda h a nd Issa cha r w i ll ne v er m eet : Tha t

t he sa m e p e o pl e or n a ti on s ho u ld b e b o t h t he M en ’
s t e lp a n d
”
t he a ss b e t w e e n b ur de n s G re a t n e ss of Ki n g do m s
Co m pa re s o o t hsa y er s
’

p r e di c t i o n y
C m be li n e ,
”
a ct v .
)
Whe n as a Li o n
’
s Wh e l p , &c .
 P A RA L L E L S . 1 95

G o o d fri e n d, fo r J c su s
'
sa k e , fo rb ea re

T o di g t h e du st e n c l o s e d h e r e :
B l e st b e t h e m a n t h a t s pa res t h e se s t o n e s,

An d c u rst b e h e t ha t m o v es m y bon es .

(Sh a k espea re Epi t a ph )

’
s .

Bl e st b e t h e h ea rt s t h a t w i sh m y s o e re i gn w ell v
Cu rs t b e t h e so u l t h a t t hi n k s h e r a n y w ro n g
Re t ir e d C ou rt i e r
’

(Ba c o n s .

On e of B a c on s
’
si m i l e s fo r na t u r e i s t ha t Of a volu me or book .

In t he “
D e Au gm e n t i s
”
he w ri t e s of A ri st o t le
’
s
“
B k oo of

Na t ur e “
The w o rl d i s a v o lu m e of G o d, a ki nd of S eco n d
S crip tu res, a nd a s t he w o rds o r t e rm s of ll la
a n gu a ge s i n a n

i m m e n se v a ri e t y ,
a re c om p o s e d Of a fe w si m pl e l e t t e rs, so a ll
t he a c tion s a nd of t hi n gs, fo rm e d by fe w
p o w e rs a re a na tu re s
”
a nd o r i gi n a l e le m e n t s of s i m pl e m o t ion s v ol . V .
,

p . A ga i n :
“
H e ra c li t us g a v e a j u st c e n su re , sa yi gn

m en sou ht w i sdo m i n t he i r o w n l i t t l e w o rlds, a n d n ot in t he

g
g r ea t a n d c o m m o n w o rld : fo r t he di sda i n t o sp e ll, y a n d so by

f God s wor
’
de gre e s t o re a d i n the volu me o The t ho u ght fu l
s t u de n t m a y p e rha p s b e i n c li n e d t o t hi n kB a con i s hi n t i n g a t

t he
“
v o lu m e o f Na t u r e ”
Of t he so c a
-
ll e d Sh k a e sp e a r e p la s y . It
i s w o rt h y n o t i c e, w e fin d i n
“
A s You L i k e It , Na t u r e i de n t i fi ed

wi t h a bo o k
Fi nd t o n gu es i n t re e s, books i n t he ru n n i n g bro o k s ,
S e rm on s i n st o n e s , a n d go o d i n e v er yt hi n g .

As Yo u Lik e It .

’
In na t u re s i nfi n i te book of sec rec y ,

A l i t tl e I ca n re a d .

“
( An ton y a n d Cl eo pa t ra , a ct i . se.

The s ym p a t hi e s of t he a u t ho r o f t he p l a y s for t he T ro j a n s ra t her

t ha n t he G re e k s, is v er y ma rk ed in T ro ilu s a nd Cr e ssi da .
”

T hi s i dea i s e n t irel y Ro si c ru c i a n A ll h e rb s , fl o w e rs , t re e s, a n d a ll t h e
.

”
fru i t s o f t h e ea rt h , sa y s t h e a u t h o r i n h i s t re a t i se o n S i gn a t u re s , a re b o ok s

v
a n d m a gi c si gn s gi e n u s b y t h e m e rc y o f G o d
“
( S i gn a t u ri s Re ru m In t e rn i s ,
”

O sw a l d Cro ll i u s , If t h ou h a s t bu t l e i sur e , ru n over the A lp ha bet of

I
Na tu r e, exa m i n e ever y letter , m ea n ever y p a r ti c u la r cr ea tu re i n he r bo ok
wh a t b e c o m e s o f h e r gra s s , h e r c o i n h er h erb s , h e r fl o w e rs ?
”
Coe l u m Te rrae
or t h e M a gi c i a n s
’
Hea v en l y Ch a os, p 1 2 8 , T h o m a s Va u gha n
. Wa i t e ) .
1 96 P ARA L L E L S .

H e c t o r is t he r ea l he ro , m o de s t , a nd a grea t c o n t ra s t t o t he pro u d
i n sul t i n g A c hille s, by w ho m he i s k i lle d w he n de fe n c e le ss a n d
u n a rm e d . B
a c o n s ho w s a s i m i la r s ym p a th y fo r [ En ea s, a nd

q u otes t he li n e s o f Vi rgi l
A t do m u s JEn e ae c u n e tis do m i n a b i t u r o ri s

Et na ti na t o ru m , et qu i n a sc e n tu r a b ill is .

Pro ph e c i es .

T hi s s ym p a th y v er y l i k ly i e s b o rr o w e d fro m Vi rgil .

A ma n m a y de s t r o y th e fo r c e of hi s w o rds w i t h hi s c ou n t e n

a n ce Ad v a n cem e n t Of L ea rn i n g, B k II
oo .
, p .

Fi s t rea c h e ro u s h u e , t h a t w i ll b e t ra y w i t h bl u s hi n g
T he c l o se e n a c t s a n d c o u n s e l s o f t h e h ea rt .

“
Ti t u s A n dro n i c u s ,
( a ct iv . se .

Fo r Ik now F a m e ha t h s w ift wi n gs sp e c i a ll t ha t whi ch ha th y

bla ck fea thers (L e t t e r t o S i r G e o rge Vi lli e rs , 1 9 t h F e b .

T ha t t h e n a re b la m d sha ll n o t b e t hy de fe c t ,
’

F o r sl a n de r s m a rk wa s e e r y e t t h e fa i r
’
v
The o rn a m en t o f bea ut y is su s pe c t ,

(S o n n e t s )
’
A cr o w tha t fli es i n hea ve n s sw ee tes t a ir . .

A n d t he re ha m i n ds
’
s i n si n u a t e d i n t o m e n s a sti ll su btle r error

—n a m e ly t hi s, t ha t a rt is c on ceiv
’
d to be a sort o f a ddi tio n to
na tu re
”
(
“
Ad v a n cem en t Of

SO o v er t ha t a rt

Wh i c h y o u sa y a dds to n a tu r e , is a n a rt
T ha t n a t u re m a k e s Y o u se e , s w ee t m a id, w e m a
. rr y
A ge n t l e sc i o n t o t h e w i lde s t s t o c k ,
v
A n d m a k e c o n c e i e a ba rk o f ba ser ki n d
By b u d o f n o bl e r ra c e t hi s i s a n a rt
Wh i c h do e s m e n d n a t u re , c ha n ge i t ra t her bu t
The a rt i ts e lf i s na tu r e .

( Wi n te r s Ta le
“ ’
.

Fo r hi gh T rea so n i s n o t w ri t t e n i n i ce, tha t whe n the body

”
r elen te th, the i m ression shou ld o a wa C r e o f O w e n i n di c t e d
p g y ( ha
g
of H i gh Tr ea so n i n t he Ki n g s Be n c h, by S i r Fra
’
n c is B a con ,

“ ”
p 5 5 , Pa r t I ,
. . Re su sc i ta t i o ,
 P A R A L LE L S . 1
97

C o m pa re

D u ke . Thi s w e a k i m pre ss of Lo v e is a fi g ure

T ren che d i n i ce , w hi c h wi t h hou r
’
a n s hea t
Di ss ol v es i n w a t er, a nd do t h l o se hi s fo rm
A li t t l e t i m e w i ll m e l t h e r fro z e n t h ou gh t s .

T w o G en t l e m e n of Ve ron a ,
a ct iii . se .

H a l f w on i s m a t c h w e l l m a de m a t ch a nd w ell m a ke i t .

A ll
’
s We ll t h a t E n ds We ll ,
”
a ct iv . so.

”
Di m i di u m fa c t i qu i b e n e c ae p i t ha b e t C o l o u rs of Good
”
a n d E v i l,

“
Se n e c a sa i t h w e ll ; Tha t a n ger i s li ke ru i n , whi ch brea ks i tself
u
p o n wha t i t fa lls

Ca r di n a l lVo lsey . Wh a t sh ou ld thi s m e a n ?

Wha t s u dde n a n ger t hi s H OW h a v I e re a
’

p d it
?

H e pa rt e d f r o w n i n g f r om m e , a s
if ru i n
’
L ea p d f r om hi s e yes
VIII
.

H e n ry .
,
a ct iii . so .

Th e y y , m y L o rds, I ra f u r or bre v i s
sa es t,

B u t y o n d m a n i s e ry a n gry v .

“
( Ti m o n of At h e n s , a ct i . se .

T he t hi r d i s, w he re a ma n is ki ll e d u po n a su dde n he a t or

a ffra y ,
w he re u n t o t he L a w gi v e s so m e li tt le fa v o u r, b e c a u se a ma n

i n fu r yi s n ot hi m s e l f . I ra f u ror brevi s, w ra t h i s a sho rt m a dn e ss

”

(Si r Fra n ci s B a c on s
’
C ha rg e , “
At a S e s si o n Of t he

Su r e I a m , it wa s li k e a Ta rta r s
’
or P a rthi a n s
’
bow, w hi c h
sho o t e t h ba c kw a rd
”
(Sp e ec h u po n Su b si d y , p 4,
. Re su sc i t a t i o ,
1 67 1 )

Arm m e a u da c i t y fro m h e a d t o fo o t
O r, l i k e t h e P a r thi a n, I sh a l l flyi n g fi gh t .

Cy m b e l i n e , a ct i . so .

No w a m I l ik e t h a t prou d i n su l t i n g sh i p ,
Whi ch Ca esa r a n d hi s f or tu n e ba re a t on c e .

1 Ki n g H e n ry VI .
,
a ct i . so .
1 98 P A RA L L E L S .

S o C aesa r sa i d t o t he P ilo t i n t he T e m pe st , Ca esa re m p orta s et

fortu n a m ej us O f F o rt u n e

S o w he n t he fo u r p i lla rs of go v e rn m e n t a re m a inl y sha k en o r

wea k en ed
( w hi c h a re Re li g i o n , J u st i c e , C o u n se ll, a nd T re a su re )
m en ha d n eed to pra y fo r fa i r w ea t he r
” “
( S e di t i o ns a nd

T ro u ble s
B ra v e
pe e rs of E n gl a n d, p i l la rs o f t h e S ta t e .

2 H e n ry VI .
,
a ct i . so.

T he re b e t ha t ca n p a ck the ca rds, a n d y e t ca n n ot p la yw e ll

Cu n n i n g
S he Ero s ha s
fa l s e pl a y d m y glory
’ ’
Pa ek d ca rds w i t h C ae sa r, a n d

Un t o a n en em ys ’
t ri u m ph .

An t o n y a nd Cl eo pa t ra , a ct iv . se .

IVhe re li ke A r i o the D o lp hi n s ba ck,

’
no n

I sa w hi m h o ld a c qu a i n t a n c e w i t h t h e w a v es

SO lo n g a s I c o u ld se e .

“
( Tw e l ft h N i ght , a ct i . se .

O rphe u s i n s ylvis , i n t e r de l phi n a s A ri o n .

V i gi l E l g VIII
( r ,
c o ue .
,

Tw o B k
oo s Ad v a n c em e n t o f L e a rn i g B k II p
n ,
oo .
,
.

T he t o n g u e sp e a k s t o t he e a r, b u t t he g e st u re sp e a k s t o t he

e
y e (
“
Ad v a n c e m e n t Of Le a rn i n
g ,
1 6 4 0, p 1 8 2 , . B k oo

A j e st s ’

p ro pri e ty l i e s i n t he ea r

v v
.

La b o u r s Los t ,
’
Lo
'
e s a ct . se .

It w a s a sp a ri n p e e c h O f t he a n c i e n t s t o sa y Tha t a F ri en d
s
g
a n o ther hi mse lf : fo r tha t a fri en d i s fa r m ore tha n him self
F ri e n dshi p

Ma k e t he e a no the r se l f , fo r L o v e of me .

“
( S on n e ts .

i
"
I t he e (m yse lf ) tha t f or m yse lf p ra i s e ,
s I
Pa i n t i n g m y a g e w i t h b e a u t y o f t hy da y s .

Bu t h e re
’
s the j oy —my f r i e nd a n d I a r e on e
 P A RA L L E L S . 1 99

The p a ra lle l i s a l l t he m o re s t ri ki n g, i n a sm u c h as t he s e

Son n e ts a re a ddre sse d to a f ri en d . An d B a c o n c on ti n u e s i n t hi s

E ssa y — “
If a ma n ha v e a t r u e F r i e n d he m a y r e st a lm o st se c u re

t ha t t he c a re o f t ho s e t hi n gs w i ll c on ti n u e a ft e r hi m . S O t ha t a
” “
ma n ha t h, a s i t w e r e , two li ves i n hi s des ire ( Fri e n dshi p
T hi s i de a Of a secon d life throu gh f ri e n dship is re
pea ted in t he

So n n e t s

Y ou sh o u l d l i ve t i ce w in it a nd i n m y rh y m e .

S o n n e ts .

T he yp f
er ec t Na tu re ,
a n d a re p er e c ted
f by E xp eri en ce (E ssa y
on S t u di e s

E a p eri en ce i s b y i n du s t ry a ch i e e d, v
A n d p erf ected b y t h e sw i ft c o u rse o f t i m e .

N o G e n t l e m en Of V e ro n a ,
a ct i . so .

A n d y e t t ha t i s t he c a se o f ba d O ffi c e rs, t re a su re r s, a m b a s
sa do re ,
g e n e ra l s, a nd o t he r fa l se a n d c o rru t se r a n t s, w hi c h s e t
p v
a bi a s up on thei r bowl, of t h e i r o w n p e tt y en ds a n d en vi e s, t o t he

o v e r t hr o w of t he i r m a s t e r
’
s
g re a t a n d i m p o rt a nt a ffa i rs
” “
( Of
Wi sdo m fo r a Ma n
’
s S e lf,
”

P et . Well , fo rw a rd, fo rw a rd t hu s the bow l shou ld ru n ,

*
A nd n ot u n l u cki l y a ga i n st the bi a s .

“
( T a m i n g o f t h e Sh re w , a ct iv . so .

Wi sdo m fo r a ma n s
’
se lf i s, i n m a n y bra n c he s t he re o f, a

de pra v ed t hi n g . It i s t he l/Vi sdom f

o Ra ts, tha t wi ll be sure to lea ve

( O f Wi sdo m Ma n
“ ’
a house befor e i t fa ll fo r a s

d,
’
A ro tt e n ca rca s s O f a boa t, n o t ri gg

Nor t a c kl e , sa i l, or m a st the v er y ra ts
I n sti n c ti ve ly ha ve qu i t i t .

T e m pe s t , a ct i . se .

Y o u b o w l w e ll , i f y o u do n o t h o rs e t h e b o w l a n h a nd t o o m u ch . You k n o w
t he fi n e b o w l e r i s k n e e a l m o s t t o gro u n d i n t h e de li v er y of the c a st .
(Co n f
J
.

’
1 3t h une 1 6 2 3, p . 35 3, Bi rc h s L e t t e rs .
)
zoo P A RA L L E L S .

It i s t he w i sdo m O f c ro c o di le s t ha t s he d t ea rs w he n t he y
( Wi sdo m
“
w ou ld de v o u r Ma n
’
fo r a s

I f t ha t t h e ea rt h c o u ld t e em w ith w om a
’
n s t ea rs ,

Ea c h dro p sh e fa l ls w o u l d pro v e a C roc odi le .

“
( O t h e ll o , a ct iv . se .

Of a ll t he m y ri a d m i n de d c ha ra c t e rs Of t he pla y s, Ca rdi na l
Wo l s e y r e p re s e n t s a nd e m b o di e s b e st t he da n ge r s a nd t he

gl o r i e s O f a mbi tion . In B a con s

’
Essa y u po n
“
Na t ure i n M en ,
”

he wri t e s
“
A n d a t t he fi rs t , l e t hi m p ra c t i se w i t h he lp s , as swi m me rs do

Ih v v
a e e n t u re d,

Li k e l i t t l e wa n t on b o ys tha t s w i m o n bla dder s,

Th is m a n y su m m e rs in a se a of g lo ry .

H e n ry VIII .
, a ct ii i . se .

Wha t a ma n ha t h c o n t ra c t e d t hrou gh hi s o w n de fa u lt , i s a

grea ter e vi l ; w ha t i s i m p o se d fro m wi t hou t , is a l e ss e vi l .

Whe re t he e vi l i s de ri v e d fro m a ma n s
’
own fa u lt , t he re t he

k
gri e f st ri e s i n w a rd, a nd do e s m o re de e pl yw ou n d a n d pi e rc e t he
he a r t
” “
(8 , Co l ou rs of G o od a nd E i l, v ”
p 2 89
.
,
“
A dv a n c em e n t

of L e a rn i n g
Th o se wou n ds h e a l i ll t ha t m e n do gi e t h e m se l es
”
v v .

Tr o ilu s a n d C re ssi da , a c t i i i . se .

The s ta i rs t o ho n ou rs a re s t ee p, the s ta ndi n g slipp e ry, t he

”
re gre s se a do w n fa ll (A n t i t he t a Re ru m , H o n o u r, v ii .
p . 303,
A dv a n c e m e n t Of L ea r n i n g
’
Th e a rt 0 t h e c o u rt ,
v
A s ha rd t o l e a e a s k e e p w h o se t o p t o c l i m b
Is c e rta i n fa ll i n g , o r s o sl ipp ery t ha t
T he fea r s a s b a d a s fa l li n g
’
.

C ym b e l i n e , a c t i ii . se .

Ca es a r . Bu t I a m co ns ta n t a s N o rt he rn
t he s ta r,

O f w h o se t ru e fi x t a n d res t i n
g qu a l i t y
The re i s n o fe ll o w i n t he fi rm a m e n t .

“
( u l i u s Cae sa J r, a ct i ii . se .
 P A RAL L E L S . 20 1

If i t w e re n ot fo r t w o t hi n gs, t ha t a re con sta n t ; t he o n e i s

t ha t t he fixed sta rs e v er st a n d a t li k e di st a n c e on e from a n o t he r

”

( ssa
E y 58 ,
“
Vi c i ssi t u de of Thi n gs

TO c o n c lu de the i rregu la ri ti es f M a rs
o ,
t he e x pi a t i o n s o f Ven u s,
t he w o n dro u s la b o u rs or pa ssi o n s, w hi c h a re O ft e n fou n d i n t he

(B o o k III “ ”
su n or i n Ven u s .
,
De A u gm e n t i s, p 1 5 2,.

Ma rs v
h i s t ru e m o i n g , e e n a v s i n the he a v en s

So i n t h e e a rth t o t h i s da y i s n ot kn o w n.

Ki n g H e n r y VI .
,
a ct i . so .

F i r Di o m e d, y ou do a s Ch a pm e n do ,
a

D i sp r a i s e the thi n g tha t y ou des i r e to bu y .

Tro i lu s a n d C re ssi da ,
a ct iv . so .

Out of fra u d, a n d c ir c u m v e n t i v e c u n n in
g, for P ra i sers a nd

Disp ra i sers m a n y t im es do bu t a i m a t thei r own e nds, a n d do n ot

t hi n k a ll t he y sa
y
La u da t v en a l e i s qu i v u l t e x t ru de re m e rc e s .

’
SO It i s n a u ght, it is n a u ght, i th the bu yer, a nd w he n he i s go n e
‘
sa

he v a u n t et h
”
(
“
Co l o u r s o f G o o d a n d E il,
”
v (B a c on b o rr o w s
t he q u ot a t i o n fro m H ora ce (li b 2 ) . a nd Pro v e rb s x x .
)

He con qu ers t wi c e w ho u
p o n vi ctor y o v e rc o m e s hi m se lf

(B a con
) .

Bra v e c o nqu er or s ! for so y ou a re ,

Tha t w a r a g a i n st y ou r o w n a ffe c t i o n s ,

a rm y o f t h e w o rl d s de si res
’
A n d t h e hu g e .

“
( Lo v ’
e s
’
L a b o u r s L o st , a ct i . se .

b e de c e n t , it be i n
’
T o p ra i s e a ma n s se lf c a n n ot e x c e pt ra r e

c a se s (B a con
) .

We w ou n d ou r m o de st y , a nd m a k e fo u l t h e c l ea ri n gs o f ou r de s e r i n gs , v
w h en O f o u rse l v es w e pu bli sh t h e m .
(
“
A ll
’
s W e ll t ha t E n ds We ll , a c t i
”
.

se .
20 2 P A RA L L E L S .

Th e s o u t h e rn wi n d
Do t h pla y t h e t ru m pe t t o his pu rpose s ,
A n d by his ho l low w h is tli n g i n t he l e a e s , v
F or e te l ls a te mp es t, a nd a b l u s te ri n g da y .

1 Ki n g H e n ry IV .
,
a ct v . so .

An d a s t he re a re c e rt a i n hollow bla s ts of wi nd, a nd sec ret

” “
swe lli n gs o f before Se di
sea s a temp est, so a re t he re i n s ta t e s (
t io n s a nd T ro u b l e s

B e fo re t he t i m es o f c h a n ge , s t i ll is i t so

By a di v i n e i n st i n c t m e n s m i n ds m is t rus t
’

E n s u i n g da n ge rs : a s by p ro o f w e se e
T he w a ter s swe ll bef or e a boi s te r o us s tor m .

Ri c ha rd t h e T hi rd, act ii . se .

Ye t b e w a re o f b e i n g t o o ma teri a l w he n t he r e i s a n
y i m p e di
o r O bs t ru c t i o n
’
m en t i n m en s w i ts Di spa tc h
A m a t e ri a l fo o l .

As Yo u L ik e It , a ct iii . se .

An d t he re fo re , w he t he r y ou r Ma j t y w ill
es a n
y m o re re st , a n d

bu i ld t hi s grea t Wheel of you r Ki n gdo m u po n t he se bro e n a n d k

x
bri t t l e p i n s, a n d t ry e p e ri m e n t s fu rt he r u p o n t he hea l t h a n d
y y
b o d O f o u r s ta t e , I
lea e t o o ur pri n c e l v u dg m e n t
”
(L y
e t te r yj
L X t o Ki n g J a m e s )
. .

Ros Th e s i n g l e a n d pe c u l i a r l i fe i s b o u n d,
.

Wi t h a ll t he s t ren gt h a n d a r m o u r o f t he m i n d,
T o k e e p i ts e lf fro m n o y a n c e b u t m u c h m o re
Tha t s pi ri t u po n w h o se w e a l de pe n d a n d res t

Th e l i v es o f ma n y . The c ea s e O f m a j est y
Di e s n ot a lo n e bu t , l i ke gu l f, do t h dra w
a

Wh a t s ’
n ea r i t w i th i t i t i s a m a ssy w hee l
Fi x d
’
on t he su m m it of t he h i gh e s t m o u n t ,
T 0 w h o se h u ge s po k e s t e n t h o u sa n d l ess e r t hi n gs
A re m o rt i s e d a n d a dj o i n d w hi c h , w h e n i t fa l ls ,
'

x
Ea c h sm a l l a n n e m e n t , pe t t y c o n s equ e n c e ,
A t t e n ds t h e b o i s t e ro u s ru i n . N e ve r a lo n e
Di d t h e k i n g s ig h , b u t w i t h a
g e n e ra l gro a n .

Ha m le t , a ct iii . se .

On e of B a c on s
’
m e t a pho rs i s t he “
whe e l, w hi c h he e m plo y s in
v a ri o u s w y a s t o i llu s t ra t e m o v e m e n t , c o n n e c t i o n , a n d ca rri a ge
 P A RA L L E L S . 2 03

The c o m m o di t y a s Na t u re yi i t , t he m a n u fa c t u re ; a n d
e lde t h

t he v e c t u r e o r ca rri a
g e ,
so t ha t if t he s e wheels go w e a l t h w i ll flo w

a s in a spri n g -
t i de (Essa y on Se di t i o n s a nd T rou b l e s
“
A s i f t he yw ere de a d i m a ge s a n d e n gi n e s m ov ed on l y by t h e

whe els O f c u st o m C ust o m a nd Edu c a t i o n

Bu t t ha t t he wheels of hi s m i n d k e ep w a y w i t h t h e wheels of

hi s Fo rt u n e “
( O f F o rt u n e

F ort u n e s
'
fu ri ou s , fi c kl e w h e e l .

H e n ry V .
,
a ct i ii . se .

F o rt u n e fro m h er wh e e l .

As You L i k e It , a ct i . se .

F o rt u n e b re a k h er w h e el pro o k e d v .

A n t o n y a n d C le o pa t ra ,
a ct iv . se .

v
Th ou gh F or tu n e s m a l i c e o ert hro w m y s t a t e ,
'

x
M y m i n d e c e e ds t h e c o m pa ss o f h er w hee l .

3 Ki n g H e n ry VI .
, a ct iv . so.

C o rru pt st a t e sm a y o u t ha t t hi n
n, k by y ou r e n gi n e s a nd

m o t i o n s t o go v e rn t he w h e e l o f fo r t u n e R pl y e Of t he S q u i re

A t t e n d, y o u bea dsma n o f t he m u ses, y o u t a e o u r p l e a su re k y

v y
” “
i n a w i lde rn e ss o f a ri e t ; bu t i t i s b e st o f sha do w s ( Re pl y
o f t he S u i r e q
F or I will b e t hy bea dsm a n ,
V
le n t i n e
a .

Tw o G e n t lem e n o f V e ro n a , a ct i . se .

Ihv a e b e e n t he k e ep e r O f y ou r s e a l, a n d n ow a m y o ur bea ds
ma n
(L e t t e r t o t he Ki n , 5 t h S e t
g p 1 6 2 1 , p u b 1 7 6 3,
i r c h, . . B
p . B
a c o n si n s t hi s l e t t e r
g
“
Yo u r M a e st
’
s fa i t hfu l, p o o r j y
serv a n t a n d bea dsma n .

v
T h y e ry bea dsm en l e a rn t o b e n d t h e i r b o w s
O f do u b l e fa t a l y e w a ga i n st t hy sta t e
-
.

Ri c ha rd 1 1 a ct iii . se .

Thi s i s t he q ua li t y Of t hi n gs, i n t he i r na t u re e x c e ll e n t a n d pre

do m i n a n t , t ha t t ho u gh t he yd o n ot e xt en u a te a nd i m po v e ri sh t he

su b s t a n c e o f t hi n gs a j
d o i n i n g t he m , yet they da rken a nd sha dow them
”
2 04 P A RA L L E L S .

”
Co lours o f G o o d a nd Ev i l , p 2 1 4 , . A dv a n c e m en t of L ea rn i n g,

1 64 0)
Th a t l i ght w e s e e i s b u rn i n g i n m y h a ll ,
F or .

H o w fa r t h a t l i t t le ca n dl e t hro ws hi s be a m s
S o sh i n e s a go od de e d i n a n a u gh t y w o rl d .

Ne r Whe n t h e m o o n sho n e , w e di d n o t see t h e

. ca n dl e .

Fa r S o do t h t he gre a t e r g l o ry di m t h e l ess
.

A su bs t i t ut e shin e s b rig h t ly a s a k i n g
Un ti l ki n g b e b y , a n d t h e n h is s ta t e
a

Em pt i e s i t se lf, a s do t h a n i n l a n d b ro ok
I n to t he m a i n of w a t e rs . M u si c h a rk
Ner . It i s y o u r m u si c , m a d a m , o f t h e h ouse .

F or . N o t hi n g i s g o o d, I
se e , wi t h ou t resp e c t

M e t hi n k s i t s ou n ds m u c h sw e e t er t ha n by da y .

Nor S i len ce
. bes tows tha t v i r tu e on i t, m a da m
M e rc ha n t of V en i c e, a ct v . se .

Ma n y t im e s a su sp e n si o n Of a sm a ll de c i si o n ge t h a n d
e n ga

i m pli ca t e s us i n m ore n e c e ssi t i e s t ha n if we ha d de t e rm i n e d o f

s o m e w ha t
”
(Essa y s
) .

O u r i n di s c re t i o n s o m e t i m es s e r e s u s v w ell,
Wh e n ou r de e p pl o t s do pa l l
v
.

H a m le t, a ct . so .

O m i s s i o n t o do w ha t i s n e cessa ry
S ea l s a c o m m i s si o n t o a bl a n k o f da n g er .

“
( Tro il u s a n d Cre ssida , a ct i ii . s e.

S u sp i c i o n a lw a ys ha u n ts t h e g ui l t y m i n d,
Th e t hi e f do t h fe a r ea c h b u sh a n O f c er fi .

( 3 H e n ry VI
u
.
, a c t V. SC. G)
o

Su spi c i o u s a m o n gs t t hou ght s a re li ke ba ts a mon gst bi rds, they

”
e ver fly by Twi light

M a c b 0 , fu ll . o f s c orpi o n s i s m y m i n d, dea r wi fe
T ho u k n o w s t t ha t Ba n qu o ,
’
a n d his F l ea n c e , li e s v .

L a dy M B u t i n t he m n a t u re s c o py s n o t e t e rn e
’ ’
. .

M a c b T here s c o m fo rt y e t t he y a re a ssa il a ble

’
.

Th e n b e t h e n j oc u n d : er e the ba t ha th fl o wn

H i s c l o i s t e re d fl i gh t , e re t o b la c k H e ca t e s su m m o n s
’

T he sh a rd ho m e be e t l e w i t h his dro w sy hu m s
-

Ha th run g n i gh t
’
s ya w n i n g pe a l , t he re sha l l be do n e
A de e d of drea dfu l n o te .

M a c be t h , a ct ii i . so.
 P A R AL L E L S . 2 05

An i ll m a n i s a lw a y s i ll bu t he i s t he n w o rst of a ll w he n he

pre t e n ds t o b e a sa in t (Ba c o n ) .

Tis t o o m u c h pro e d, t h a t w i t h de
’
v v ti o on s
’
vi sa ge ,
An d pi o u s a c t i o n , w e do su ga r o e r
’

v
T he de i l h i m se lf .

“
( Ha m l e t ,
a ct i ii . se .

G o o d t hi n gs ne v er a pp e a r i n t he i r fu l l b e a ut y ,
ti ll they tu rn
thei r ba ck a nd
be goi n g a wa y C o lo u rs o f G o o d a n d Evi l,
T hi s i s re p ea t e d i n t he p la s i n m a n fo rm s Fo r e y y . x a m pl e ,
y
An t o n , o n he a ri n g o f hi s w i fe F u lv i a s de a t h, e c la i m s
’
x
F o rb e a re me
T he re
’

gre a t S pi ri t g o n e , thu s did

s a des i r e i t I
Wh a t o u r c o n t e m pt s do t h o ft e n hu rl fro m u s ,

We w i sh i t ou rs a ga i n Th e pre se n t pl e a su re , .

By re so l u t i o n l o w e ri n g , do e s b e c o m e
The pposi t e o f i t se l f S he s good bei n g gon e ,
’
O

The h a n d c ou l d pl u c k h er b a c k , t h a t sh o e d h e r v ”
on .

“
( An t on y a nd Cl e o pa t ra , a ct i . se .

d ma
’
A n d t he e bb n ,

N e e r l o ve d
’

, t i ll n e er
’
w o rt h l o v e,

Com es f ea
’ ’
r d by bei n g l a ck d .

“
( An t o n y a n d Cl e o pa t ra ,
a ct i . so .

It so fa ll s ou t ,

T ha t w h a t w e h a v e, w e p ri z e n o t t o t h e w o rt h ,
While s w e en o j y it bu t be i n g l a cked a n d l ost,
Why th en we ra c k t he vl a ue .

M u c h A do a b ou t N o t hi n g , a ct iv .

B a con w ri t e s :
“
Tha t a ma n do n ot di sm a n t le hi m s e lf, a nd

e xp o se hi s p e r so n t o s c o rn a nd in j y b y hi t m h
ur s oo uc
goodn ess
a nd fa ci li ty of n a tur e D e A u gm e n s, ti B k VIII p
”
oo .
,
.

Tha t t he r e
’
a re t i m e s w he n a m a n s v i rt u e s m a y be hi s
”
u n do i n g

Erro r s i n de e d i n t hi s vi rt u e of
g o o dn e ss o r c ha r i t ym a
y b e

c om m itt e d . T he It a li a ns ha v e a n un
g ra c i ou s p r o v e rb , Ta n to
” “
buo n che va l n i en te S o good tha t he i s good for n othi n g ( G o odn e ss
of Na tu re
2 06 P A RA L L E L S .

Poo r h o n es t Lo rd, b ro u gh t l o w b y h is o wn h ea rt ,
Und on e by goodne ss .

“ "
( Ti m o n O f A t h e ns , a c t i v . se .

G u i c e i a r di n e m a k eth t he sa me j u dgm e n t (n o t of a pa rt i c ul a r
p e rs o n , bu t of t he w i s e st sta t e o f Eu ro pe , t he S e n a t e O f Ve n i c e ,

w he n he sa ye th the i r p rosp eri ty ha d ma de them secu re, a n d un der

wei ghe rs f
o p eri ls (Ba c o n to Ki n g J a m e s I , J u l . y 31 , 1 61 7,
C a ba l a ,
B i rc h,
A ll k n o w s ecu ri ty
’
I s m o r ta l s ch i e es t e n em y
f .

“
( M a c bet h , a ct ii i . se .

T he w o u n d of pea ce is s u re t y
Su re ty se c u re .

Tro i l us a nd Cress i da ,
a c t 1 1 . se .

In a l e t t e r t o Ki n g J a m e s I .
, B a c on w ri t e s o f En gla nd T he
fi e l ds gro wi n g e y yb t hv yd
e i m ro e m e n t o f
er
p g rou n ds, fro m
a v
t he de se rt t o the ga rde n t he c i t gro w n fro m w oo d t o bri c , y k
y o u r sea wa lls or P om eriu m of you r i sla nd s u rv e e d, & c
-
”
(L e t t e r, y .

2n d J a n . 1 6 1 8 , Ca ba la , Bi r c h,

Co m pa re

S er v . Why sh ou l d w e i n t h e c o m pa s s o f a pa l e
Ke e p l a w a nd fo rm a nd
du e p ro p o rt i o n ,
S ho w i n g , a s in a m o de l , o u r fi rm es ta t e ,
W he n o u r s ea -
w a l led ga r den , t h e wh o l e l a n d,

Is fu ll o f w e eds, h e r fa i res t fl o w e rs c ho k ed u p,
H e r fru i t tr e es a ll u n pru n e d, h e r h e dges ru i n d,
’
-

H e r k n o ts di s o rde r d a n d h e r wh ol e s o m e herbs
’

S wa rm i n g wi t h ca t e rpill a rs ?
“
( Ri c ha rd a ct i ii .

” “
No t e t he e xpre ssi o n s sea -
w a lle d, s ea -
w a lls .

L ik e o n e
v
Wh o ha i n g u n t o t ru t h , by t e lli n g O f i t ,
M a de su c h a s i n n e r o f hi s m e m o ry
T o cr ed i t hi s ow n l i e .

Te m pe s t, a ct i . so .

i dea is r e pea te d (p a
ge 32, B koo I .
,
“
A dva n c em en t of

L ea rn i n g,
”
1 64 0) t hus An in q u i si t i v e ma n is a pra tt le r ; so
 P A R AL L E L S . 20 7

u
p o n t he li k e re a so n , a credu lous ma n is a de cei ver . As w e se e it
i n Fa m e a nd Ru m o u r s, t ha t he t ha t wi ll ea sil yb e li e v e Ru m ou rs,
will a s ea si ly a u gmen t ru m ou rs ; w hi c h T a c i t u s wi se l y n ot e s in
t he s e w o rds, F i n gu n t si m u l credu n tque (
“
The y i n v en t a nd a t t he

sa m e t i m e beli eve thei r own su c h a ffin i t y t he r e i s

be t we e n a pro p e n si t yt o de cei ve a nd a fa c i li t yt o beli eve .

Bu t
t h e g e n t l e gu s t s ,
c urs t
’
An d h e t h a t l oos d the m f or th the i r br a ze n c a ves,
A n d b i d t h e m b l o w t o w a rds E n gl a n d s bl e sse d sh o re ,
’

O r t u rn o u r s t e rn u po n a dre a dfu l ro c k
Ye t E o l us w o u ld n ot be a m u rdere r .

2 Ki n g H e n ry VI .
, a ct iii . se .

’
The P o e t s fe i gn e d Ai ol us hi s i n g do m t o b e pla c e d u n de r k
’

gr o u n d i n den s a n d ca ves, w he re t he W i n d s p ri so n w a s, ou t of whi ch

Na t u r a l H i st o r y Wi n ds
“ ”
they were a t ti mes let for th ( of , p 1 7, .

Re su s c i ta t i o

A n d a ll t hi s w hi l e Ih va e be e n a li t t l e i m p e rfe c t i n m y fo o t .

Bu t I ha v e t a k
pa i n s m o re li e
en k t he b e a st wi th fou r legs t ha n

li k e a ma n w i t h sca rc e t w o l e gs
”
(L e tt e r to B ki
uc n
gha m , 8 t h
J un e 1 6 1 7, Bi r c h,

Thi s i s so m e m o n st e r of t h e i sl a nd w i th f o u r l egs .

”
T e m pe s t , a c t 1 1 . se .

l e t Gen t . We ll : t h e re w e n t b u t a
pa i r o f shea r es b e tw e e n us .

Luc . Ig ra n t : a s t h e re m a y b e t we en t h e l i st s a nd t he v lv t
e e ,

Th ou a rt t he li st .

l st Gen t . An d t he n t h e v lv t
e e .

M ea sure fo r M ea sure .

All w hi c h a u t ho ri t i e s a n d
pr e side n ts ma y gh Ari s
o v e rw e i
’
t o tl e s Opi n i o n t ha t w o u l d ha ve u s c ha n g e a ri ch wa rdrobe for a

p a ir o f shea res
”
(
“
Ad v a n c em e n t Of L e a rn i n g,
”
B k II
oo .
, p . 5 2,
1 605 )

H e ha d g o tt e n fo r hi s p u rp o se , o r b e o n d hi s pu rpo se , t w o y
i n st ru m e n t s, Em p so n a n d Du dle (w ho m t he p e o pl e e st e e m e d a s y
2 08 P A RA L L E L S .

hi s horse leec hes -

a n d shea rers
“
( Hi s t o r y of Ki n g H e n ry VIII .
,

p 2 09 )
.

Le t us to F ra n c e l i k e horse leec he s, m y bo ys ,-

To su c k , to s u c k , t he v
e ry b l o o d t o s u c k .

Ki n g H e n ry V a c t 11 . se .

In m e m o ry o f h e r w he n sh e i s de a d,
H e r a s h e s i n a n u rn m o re pre c i o u s
’

Tha n the ri c h j e we l l d c of er o f Da r i u s ,
Tra n s po rt e d sh a ll b e a t hi gh fes t i vl
a s.

1 Ki n g H e n ry VI .
, a ct i . se .

Se c o n dl y ,
In t he j u dgm e n t o r s o l u t i o n he ga v e t o u c hi n g tha t

p reci ous ca bi ne t f
o Da ri us, w hi c h w a s fo u n d a m o n gst hi s j e w e ls
”

(
“
Tw o B k oo s of A dva n c em en t of L e a r n i n g,
”
B k oo I, p . . 5 9,

T hi s i s a n a llu s i o n t o t he fi n di n g a m o n g st t he spo ils ta k en by

'

Al e x a n de r t he G rea t fro m Da ri u s, of a r i c hl yj e w e ll e d c a b in e t .

Pli n y de sc ri b e s it in t he se w o rds (L . vi i . c . 2 9) I ta que

A lexa n der m a g nu s i n ter sp oli a Da rii P ersa rum Regis un gu en toru m
”
scri n i a ca p to, et c S t ra b o a lso m e n t i o n s t hi s c o ffe r (L xiii )
. . .

Ale x de r p la ced H om er s works i n i t, a s a lone worthy of su ch

a n
’

a ches t . v
It w a s c o e re d w i t h pre c i o u s s t o n e s a n d p ea rls .

(Q u i n t u s C u rt i u s , F r e i n sh e m ii , 1 , 4 , 3, Thi s
ha d b e e n u se d a s r e c e p ta c l e fo r nd i n c e n se
c o ffe r a
gu e n t s a
un

by t he P e rsi a n ki n
g ,
a n d on t hi s a c c o u n t t he ra re e di t i o n of

Hom er s
’
w or s k p r e se rv e d in it by A l e xa n de r wa s ca ll e d
“
c n a rthec i o .
”
B a con i n t ro du c e s t hi s st o r y u po n p a ge 5 2 of

t he
“
Ad v a n c em en t of Lea rn i n
”
g, 1 640, w i t h, w e a r e c o n v i n c e d,

a llu si o n t o Sha k e spea r e by a n a lo

g y .

T he ri p e n e ss o r u n ri p e n e ss o f t he o c ca si o n ( a s we sa i d) m u s t
e v er b e w e ll w e i ghe d
”
De la y s

Tha t w e w o u l d do ,
We sh o u ld do w h e n w e w o u l d fo r t hi s
“
wou ld c ha n es ,
g
An d ha t h a ba t e m e n ts a nd de la ys a s ma n y
A s t h e re a re t o n gu e s , a re ha n ds , a re a c c ide n ts .

H a m le t , a ct iv . se .
 PARA LLE L S . 2 09

A ffe c t e d di sp a tch i s o n e o f t he m o st da n g e r o u s t hi n gs t o b u si
n e s s t ha t c a n b e k
It i s li e t ha t whi c h t he Ph si c i a n s c a ll P re
. y
di gestion , or ha sty di gesti on ; w hi c h i s su r e t o fi ll t he bo d yf u ll o f

c ru di t i e s a n d se c r e t se e ds of di se a se . The r e fo r e , m ea su re n o di s

p a tch by t he t i m e s O i si t t i n g, bu t by t he a d a n c e m e n t o f t he bu si
~
v
n e ss . An d a s i n ra ces, i t i s n ot the la rge stride, or hi gh lif t, tha t
ma kes the sp eed, so i n bu si n e ss, t he k e e pi n g c lo s e t o t he m a t t e r,
a n d n ot ta kig t o o m u c h o f i t a t o n c e , p ro c u r e t h Di sp a tch
n . I
k n ew a w i s e m a n t ha t ha d i t fo r a b y w ord, w he n he sa w m e n -

ha st e n t o a c o n c lu si o n : S ta y a li ttle, tha t we m a y ma ke a n en d the

” “
sooner
( D i sp a t c h
Wem a y o u t ru n ,
By vi o l e n t sw i ft n e ss , t h a t w h i c h w e ru n a t ,
A n d l o se by o e r ru n n i n g v Kn ow y ou
-
. n ot ,

Th e fi re , t h a t m ou n t s t h e l i qu or t ill i t
’
ru n o e r ,

In se e m i n g t o a u g m e n t i t , w a st e s i t ?
“
( H e n ry V III .
, a ct i .

T O O sw i ft a rri v es a s t a rdy a s too sl o w .

Ro m e o a nd J u li e t , a ct 1 1 . se .

P e rfe c t l y w i c ke d a nd de sp e ra t e l y i m pi o u s pe rso n s do n o t

pu b li c m a n n e rs so m u c h a s
c o rru p t t he y
do w ho s e e m t o ha e v
’ ”
som e soun dn ess a n d goodn ess i n them , a n d a re di s ea sd bu t i n p a rt
v ”
Ad a n c e m e n t o f L e a rn i n g, 3 o 0k III 1 P 1 34 , -

An e vi l s ou l pro du c i n g h o l y w i t n e ss
Is l i k e a v i ll a i n w i t h a sm i l i n g c h e e k ,
A goodly a pp le r otten a t the co r e .

“
( M e rc h a n t o f Ve n i c e ,
a ct i . se .

B u t h ere u po n t hi s ba n k a n d sc h o o l o f ti m e
We ’
d j u m p t h e l i fe t o c om e .

M a c b e th , a ct i . se .

T hi s e xp re ssi o n ba n k, a s a pp l i e d t o t i m e ,
i s p e c u l i a r, a n d on l y
to be r e fo u n d in B a c on s
’
w or k s

C o m pa r e — “
T he s e e x a m pl e s c on fi rm e d m e m u ch in a re s o lu

t i on t o sp e n d m y t i m e w ho l l yi n wr i ti n g a nd t o pu t fo rt h t ha t

p o or t a len t , or ha lf t a l e n t , or w ha t i t i s, t ha t G o d ha t h gi v e n

0
2 1 0 P A R AL L E L S .

m e, n ot a she re t o fo re t o pa rt i c u la r e x c ha n g e s, b u t t o ba n ks a nd

mo un ts of perp e tu i ty Ep i st l e t o i sho p A n dre w s B

A dversi ty i s n ot w i t ho u t c o m fo rt s a n d ho pe s . Ad v e rsi t yi s

t he ble s si n gs of t he Ne w (Te sta m e n t ) . It w a hi gh spe e c h O f

s a n

S ene ca (a ft e r t he m a n n er o f t he S t o i cs ) , Tha t the good thi n gs whi ch

belon g to P rosp e ri ty a re to be wi shed ; bu t the good thi n gs tha t be lon g
to A dversi ty a re to be a dm i red O f Ad e rsi t v y
W he re a re w e go i n g t o re fi n d t hi s pro fo u n d phi lo s o ph y o u t s i de

t he B ibl e , o r o u t si de S ha k e sp ea re s su ppo se d
’

p la y s

Sw e et a re the u se s o f a d v e rs i t y ,

W hi c h l i k e t h e t o a d, u gl y a n d v e n o m o u s,

l Vea rs ye t a p r ec i ou s j e we l i n h i s hea d .

As Yo u Li k e It .

C e rt a i n l y , Vertue i s like p reci ou s odou rs, most fra gra n t whe n the y
a re i n een s d
’
or
’
c ru sh d
”
(E s sa o n
“
Ad y
e rsi t The i m a g e r v y y
b e t w e e n t he p la y a nd t he Es sa y diffe rs , b u t t he phi lo s o ph i s y
i de n t i ca l, a n d B a con sho w s t he sa m e m e ta pho r, l o vi n
g m i n d,

a s t he p o e t i c a
l pa ssa ge b e t ra s y .

k “
Ve rt u e i s li e a ri ch ston e, b e s t p la i n se t ( ea u t B y
The m o s t p recious thi n gs ha e t he m o st p ern i ci ous ke ep e rs v
“
v
( A d a n c e m e n t o f L e a r n i n g,
”
,
oo XV , p 1 2, II B k
. II . .

Whe re u n t o t he y sa y t he Toa d ston e

-
li k e w i se he lp e t h Syl .

Ce n t . x .
,

If yo u b e w i se y ou a re a fo o l, i f y o u b e a fo o l y o u a r e
w i se (
“
L o u a c i t ,
A n t q
i t h e t a Re r y
u m ,
x x i ,
“
Ad a n c em e n t o f x v
Le a i g,
rn n

T h e fo o l do t h t hi n k h e i s w i se , b u t t h e wi se m a n k n o w s hi m se l f t o be a

fo o l .
“
( As You Li k e It , a c t
”
se v . .

Si len ce i s a c a n di da t e fo r Tru th (
“
Lo q u a c it y ,
xxx i , An t i
t he t a Re ru m , “
Ad v a n c em e n t o f L ea rn i n
g,
”

‘
’

Q ua ere i f t h e st o n e
, t a k e n Ou t of t h e t o a d s h ea d b e n ot Of t he l i k e
vert u e
”
E xp .
 P ARAL LE L S . 2 1 I

Ant . T h o u a rt a s o ldi e r o n l y sp e a k n o m o re .

En o . T ha t tr u th shou ld be si l en t I ha d a lm ost f orgo t .

A n t on y a n d C l e o pa t ra ,
a c t 1 1 . s o.

B e tt e r, sa i t h he , Qu i fin em vi lle extrem u m i n ter M u n era p ona t

Na tu res It i s t u ra l t o di e t o be b o rn ; a n d t o a li tt le
i

. a s na a s

i n fa n t,
p e rha p s t he on e is a s
p i
a n fu l a s t he o t he r Dea t h

S e e i n g t h a t D e a th , a n ec essa r y en d,

Wi ll c o m e , wh e n i t w ill c o m e .

J u li u s C ae sa r, a ct ii .
)

An d a s i n t h e ti des of p eop le o n c e p , t he r e w a n t n o t c o m m o n l
u y
sti rri n g wi n ds to m a ke them m ore rou gh
”
(p 1 6 4 ,
H i s.t o r o f Ki n g y
He n r y
Ay , n ow b e gi n s a se c o n d st o rm t o ri se
Fo r t hi s i s h e t ha t m o v es b o th w i n d a n d t i de .

Ki n g H e n ry a ct iii . se .

0 t h e n b e ga n t h e T e m pe st Of my s ou l .

Ki n g Ri c h a rd III a et i . so .

T he c o n sc i e n c e O f ood i n t e n t i o n s, h o w e v e r su c c e e di n g , i s a
g
m o re c o n tin u a l j oy to na t u r e , t ha n a ll t he pr o v i si o n w hi c h ca n be
m a de fo r se c u r i t y a n d re p o s e (Ba c o n ) .

I fe e l w i t hi n m e
v
A p e a c e a b o e a ll e a rt h l y di gn i t i e s,
A st ill a n d qu i e t c o n sc i e n c e .

“
( Ki n g H e n ry V III .
, a ct i ii . se .

A go o d c o n sc i e n c e w i ll m a k e a ny p o ssi bl e s a t i s fa c t i o n .

Ki n g H e n ry IV .
,
se c o n d p a rt , a c t so v . .

v
The w i n ds ga e wi n gs t o m e n ; fo r b y t he ir a ssi s ta n c e m e n
a re c a rri e d u p t hr o u gh t he a i r a n d ; n o t t hr o u gh t h e a i r fly
i n de e d, bu t up on the sea ,
a nd a w i de do o r i s la i d Ope n to c om

m e rc e (En tr yi n to t he H i st o r y of t he W i n ds
B a c on is o f c o u rse he r e a llu di n g t o t he sa ils o f shi p s a s w i n gs .
2 I2 P A RA L L E L S .

Co m pa r e
Sa l Yo u r m i n d is t o ssi n g o n t h e O cea n
.

Th e re w he re y o u r a rg o si es w i t h po rt l y sa i l ,

Lik e S i gn i o rs a n d ri c h Bu rgh e rs o n t h e fl o o d ,

Or as i t w e re t he pa gea n ts o f t h e s ea
v
,

Do o e r pe e rs t he
pe tt y t ra fii cqu e rs
-

T h a t c u rt sy to t h e m , do t h e m re ere n ce v
As t he y fly by t h e m wi t h t h e i r Woven Wi n gs .

”
M e rc ha n t of Ve n i c e ,

A n d i t i s w o r th t he n otin
g t ha t ho w e v er P eda n ts ha v e been
t he de ri si o n a n d sc o rn o f The a tres, a s t he of Tyra &c
a pe s n n y, .

(B k I
oo D e A u gm e n t i s
.
,

In t he pla s w e fi n d P e da y n ts a lw a y s r i di c u l e d Of Ma l v o li o

S i r To . A n d Cross ga rt ere d ?
-

fil a r ia . v
M o s t illa in ou sl y li ke a p eda nt tha t keep s a
“
schoo l
’
i the c hu/rch .

( Tw e l ft h N i gh t ,
"
a ct iii . se .

H e re i s t he i dea of tyra n ny in c on t e xt w ith c ri t i c i sm a nd a

P e da n t °

B i ro n. A cri ti c , na y, a ni
gh t w a t c h
-
c o n sta ble
’
A dom i ne er i n g p eda n t o er t h e b oy .

Lo v e s
'
La b o u r s L o st ,
’
a ct i ii . se .

I t e ll t h ee w h a t , A n t o n i o
v
I l o e t he e , a ndi t i s m y l o e t h a t s pe a k s v
h
T e re a re a s o rt o f m e n w h o se isa ge s v
Do n d m a n t l e l i k e a s t a n di n
c re a m a
g p o n d,
A n d do a w i l fu l s t ill n e s s e n t e rta i n ,
Wi th pu rpo se t o b e dress d i n a n O pi n i o n
’

O f w i s do m , gra v i ty , pro fo u n d c o n c e i t ,
A s w ho sh o u l d sa y, I a m S i r O ra c le ,
An d wh e n I o pe m y li ps l e t n o do g b a rk
O m y A n t on i o , Ido k n o w o f t h e s e
T ha t t h e re fo re o n ly a r e re pu t e d w i se
Fo r sa yi n g n o t h i n g , w h e n , a m e ry I v s u re ,

I f t h e y s h o u l d s pe a k , w o u ld a l m o s t da m n t h os e e a rs
Whi c h , h ea ri n g t he m , w o u ld ca ll t h e ir b ro t he rs fo o ls .

”
M e rc ha n t o f e n i ce , a c t i se V . .

The w ho le of B a con s
’
Essa y u po n
“
S eemi n g Wise i s bu t a

pro se pa ra
phra se o r s e rm o n u po n t hi s t e x t .
“
So c e rt a inl y th e re
 P A RA L L E L S . 2 1 3

a re i n p o i n t o f w i sdo m a n d su ffi c i e n c y ,
tha t do n o thi n g or li ttle very

sole mn ly ; M a gn o co na tu n u ga s . Som e a re so c l o s e a n d r e s e rv e d

a s t he y w i ll n o t sho w t he i r w a
bu t by a da r li ght , a n d s e e m
re s k
a lw a y t k
s o e e p ba c k so m e w ha t S o m e h e lp t h e m s e l e s w i t h
. v
” “
c ou n t en a n c e a n d ge st u re , a n d a r e w i s e b
y si n s
g ( S e em i n g

W i se

It i s m o re p l e a si n g t o ha v e a li vely work up on a sa d a n d solem n

grou n d, t ha n t o ha ve a da r k a n d m e l a n c ho l w or y k u po n a li ght
so m e j
gro u n d ; u dg e t he re fo r e of t he pl e a su re of t h e h e a rt b y

t he p l e a su r e o f t he e y e
” “
( Ad v e r si t y
A n d li ke br i ght m e ta l on a su l le n gr ou n d
M y re form a t i o n gl i tt e ri n g
’
o e r m y fa u l t ,

S h a l l sh o w m o re g o o dl y , a nd a t t ra c t m o r e e y es ,

T ha n tha t whi ch ha th no f oi l to se t it f
o .

H e n ry IV .
,
n ot i . se .

In t hi r d pla c e I
s e t do w n r e u t a t i o n , b e c a u s e o f t h e
p p e re m p
t or y ti des a n d cu rren ts i t ha t h, w hi c h i f they be n ot ta ken i n thei r
due ti m e a re seldom recovered, i t be i n g ex t rem e ha r d t o pl a y a n

aft e r ga m e o f
-
re
pu t a t i o n (B koo pa ge 304 , “
P r o fi c i e n c e a nd

v
Ad a n c e m e n t

T h e re i s a t i de i n t h e a ffa ir s of m en ,
Whi ch t a k en a t th e Fl o o d, l e a ds on to F o rt u n e .

A n d w e m u st t a k e t h e cu r ren t wh e n i t ser v es .

J u li u s C ae sa r, a ct iv . so .

F o r t u n e b e ga n t o t a e p la c e i n t he k i n g (a s w i t h a st r o n g k
ti de), hi s a ffe c t i o n s a n d t ho u ght s u n t o t he ga t h e ri n g a n d he a pi n g
u p o f t re a su r e Ki n g H e n r p y .

Ti m o n.M y L o rd i n h e a rt a nd
l e t t h e h e a l t h g o r ou n d .

S ec . L ord L e t i t fle w t hi s
. w a y , m y g o o d L o rd .

Ap em . Fl ow t hi s w a y A b ra e fe ll o w v H e keep s hi s ti des w e l l
“
.

( Ti m o n of Ath e n s, a ct i . se .

An d t he r e fo r e , a s s e c r e t a ri e s a n d s pi a l s of p ri n c e s a n d st a tes

bri n g i n b i ll s for i n t e lli ge n c e , so y o u m u st a ll ow t he sp i a ls a nd

2 1 4 P ARA L L E L S .

i n te lli genc ers o f na t u re t o b ri n g i n t he i r b i lls ; o r e l se yo u sha ll

be i ll a dv e rt i se d
”
(
“
Adv a n c em e n t of Le a r n i n g,
”
B k II
oo .
,

p .

T hi s w o rd “
i n te lli gen cers is v y er ra re , u sed in t he s e n se

of a n i nformer l (t ha t i s
o r spi a a sp
y)
Ri c ha rd y e t l i ves , h e ll
’
s b l a c k i n te ll i gen ce r .

“
( Ri c ha rd III .
,
a ct iv . so . 4,

Bu t y e t t he i r t ru s t t o w a rds t he m , ha d ra t he r b e e n a s t o g o o d
sp i a ls, a n d
go o d w hi sp e re rs ; t ha n go o d m a gi s t ra t e s a n d o f c e rs fi
y
(Essa , Of De fo rm i t y

B u t w i ll t h e Ki n g
D i ges t t h i s le t t e r of t he Ca rdi n a l s
H e n ry V III .
, a ct ii i . se .

S o m e b oo ks a re t o b e ta st e d, o t he rs to be sw a llo w e d, a nd
”
so m e fe w t o b e che wed a nd di gested S t u di e s
H ea ven i n m y m on t h,
As i f I did b u t on l y che w h i s n a m e .

Mea su re fo r M ea su re , a ct ii . se .

“
S usp i ci on s t ha t t he m i n d o f i t se lf ga t he rs a re b u t bu zz es ; bu t
’
suspi ci o ns tha t a re a r tifici a lly n ou ri shed, a n d p u t i n to m e n s hea ds by

the ta les a nd whi sp eri n gs of others ha ve sti n gs S u spi c i o n

The re b e m o e w a sps t h a t bu zz a b ou t hi s n o se

W i ll m a k e t hi s sti n g t he so o n e r .

H e n ry VIII .
, a ct iii . se .

F o r he t ha t t u rn e t h t he hu mou rs b ack, a n d m a keth the woun d

bleed i n wa rds, e n da n ge re t h m a li gn u lc e rs a nd e rn i c i o u s Imp os
p
thu ma ti ons S e di t i o n s a nd Tr o u bl e s

h
T i s i s t he i mp os thwm e o f m u c h w ea l t h a n d pea c e ,
Tha t i n wa r d brea ks, a n d sh o w s n o c a u s e w i t h o u t
Wh y t he m a n di e s .

H a m le t , a ct iv . se .

Ti tus M a n li us took hi s son s

’
v
life fo r gi i n g b a t t le a
gai n s t t he
 P A R A LL E L S . 2 I5

pro hi bi t i o n of hi s G e n e ra l (L e t t e rs t o t he L o rds, Ca ba la ,
1 61 7 )
In t he p la y of
“
T i t u s A n dro n i c u s, Ti tu s t a k es hi s so n s
’
li fe

(a c t i s e
. .

M u ti u s M y L o rd, y o u pa ss n ot h ere .

vi ll i
.

W ha t a n boy
Ba rr st m e m y w a y i n Ro m e [S ta bbi n g M u ti n s ]
’
.

M u ti u s . H e l p , L u c i u s, h e l p [ D i ea ]
L uc i u s M y L o rd, y ou a re u n j u st , a n d m o re t h a n so
.

In w ro n gfu l qu a rre l you ha ve s l a i n y ou r so n .

S e c o n dl y , t ha t y o u b e wa re o f de la yi n
g a n d pu tt i n g o ff a bu si
n ess (L i b V . III .
, p 3 7 3,.
“
De Au gm e n t i s,
”
t ra ns a l t ion

Th e fl i ght y pu rpo se n e e r i s v ’
o e rt o o k

U n l ess t h e de e d go w i t h i t .

“
( M a c be t h , a ct iv . se .

In B a con s
’
t ra ns a l tion of t he l o4 t h P s a lm w e fi n d t he se t w o

li n e s
Bu t w h o ca n bl a z e t hy b e a u t i e s , L o rd, a ri ght ?
T h e y t u rn t h e b ri tt l e b e a m s o f m o rt a l si gh t .

The a lli t e ra t i o n he re i s re m a r k a bl e , a n d s ho w s t he a u t ho r wa s

n o n ov i c e i n t he a rt o f
p o et r y . Thi s “
a ffe c t i n g of t he l e t t e r
”
is
m o st c o n sp i c u o u s i n t he v e rs ifi c a ti o n of t he pl a y s

The pra i se fu l Pri n c ess pi e rc d pri c k d

’ ’
a nd

A pre t t y pl e a si n g Pri c k e t
S o m e sa y a so re , b u t n o t a sore ,
Ti l l n o w m a de so re wi t h sh o o t i n g .

Lo v ’
e s L a b our
’
s Lo st .
)
The bl i n d boy
’
c ow -
s b u tt sha ft
-
.

Ro m e o a nd J u li e t , a ct ii . se .

“
Bu t e ve n ,
w i t hou t t ha t , a ma n l e a rn e t h of hi m self, a nd

b ri n ge t h hi s o wn t ho u ght s t o l i ght , a n d whetteth his wi ts a s a ga i n st

a ston e (E ssa y on
“
Fr i e n dshi p
Co m pa re
Pe ra d v e n t u re t hi s i s n ot F o rt u n e s
’
wo rk n e i t h e r, but N a t u re s ’

, wh o p e r
z I6 P ARAL LE LS .

c e i v e th o u r n a tura l wi ts t o o du ll t o rea s o n of su c h a G odde ss , h a t h se n t

t his N a tu ra l fo r ou r whe ts ton e , fo r a l wa ys t he du l n ess of th e fo o l i s t h e

”
whe ts ton e o f the w i ts . A s Y o u Lik e It , a ct i . so .

T he M u se s a re s e e n i n t he c o m pa n y of Pa ssi o n a nd t he re i s

a lm o st no a ffe c t i o n so de pra v e d a n d vi le w hi c h i s n o t s o o t he d by
so m e ki n d of l e a rn i n g
”
(
“
D e A u g m e n t i s, II x ii i ;
.
“
Wi sdo m ,

A
In La w w ha t pl ea so ta i n t e d a n d c o rru pt ,
Bu t b e i n g sea so n ed w i t h a gra c i o u s o i c e , v
v
O b sc u re s t h e sh o w o f e i l ? In Re li gi o n ,
W h a t da m n e d e rro r, b u t s o m e so b e r b ro w
Wil l b l e ss i t , a nd a ppro v e i t wi t h a te tx
M e rc ha n t of V e n ic e , a ct i ii . se . 2,

The t w o li n e s fro m t he P sa l m re v ea l t he ha n d t ha t w ro t e
Ma cbe th . The “
wa lki n g woods
”
re m i n d u s of
“
G re a t Bi m rn a

w o o d t ha t m o v es t o Du n si n a ne .
’
In t he pla s w e y re p ea te dly fi d n

u se o f t he w o rd
“
floods in c o nte x t w ith ship s
”

T he re do t h e s ta t e l y sh i ps pl o u gh u p t h e floods ,
T he Gr ea te r Na vi es l oo k l ik e w a lki n g w oods .

(Psa l m c i v ) .

’
O u r grea t n a vy s ri gge d .

“
( A n t on y a nd C le o pa t ra ,
a ct i ii . se . 5,

Ri c h b u rgh e rs of t h e fl o o d .

M e rc ha n t of V e n ice , a ct i . so . 1,

T he e m b a rk e d t ra ders on t h e fl o od .

M i dsum m e r N i gh t s ’
Dre a m , a c t 1 1 . se . 1 ,

A n d w he r e a s Pa n is re
p o rt e d t o ha ve ca lle d t he M oon a s i de

i n to a hi gh sha dowed wood, se e m s to ppe rt a i n t o t he c o n v e n t i o n

a

between sense a n d hea ven ly or di vi n e thi n gs F o r t he c a s e o f E n d

. y
m i on a nd Pa n a re diffe re n t ; the mo on f
o her own a ccord ca me to
E nd ymi on as he wa s a s le ep
”
De A u gm e n ti s,
”
II . xi i i ) .

P ea ce , ho t h e m oon s leep s wi th E n dym i on ,

A n d wo u ld n ot be a wa ken e d
V v
.

M e rc h a n t of e n ice , a ct . sc . 1,
 P A RA L L E L S . 2 1 7

Th e m o o n sl e e ps w i th En dym i o n e v er y da y .

(M a rl o w e
’
s
“
O id, v ”
a ct i . so . 1 3,

The re i s no ma n of j ud
g m e n t t ha t l o o k et h i n t o t he na t u re of

t he s e t i m e s, b u t w i ll e a si l yd e sc r y th a t t he w i t s of t he se da y s a re

t oo m u ch re fi n ed fo r a n
y m a n to wa lk i n vi si ble (
“
Ob s . on a

We st e a l a s in a c a st l e , c o e k su re : w e ha ve t h e rec e i p t of fe rn s e e d : we
w a lk i n v i si bl e . 1 H e n ry a ct ii . so . 1 ,

An d k n o win
g fo r t h e o t he r p o i nt t ha t e n vy ever a ceomp a n i e th

grea tn ess, t ho u gh ne v e r so w e ll de s e rv e d
”
En vy
A s fu ll o f en vy a t hi s grea tn ess .

“
( Tr o i lu s a nd Cre ssi da ,
a et ii . se .

ra n s l 04 t h P sa lm )
The moon s o c o n st a n t i n i n con sta n cy (T . .

I w i ll pr e s e r v e, t he re fo re , e v en a s t he he a v ly b
en o di e s t he m

s el v es do , a va ri a ble con sta n cy The m a

Oh , sw e a r n o t b y t h e m oon , t h e i n c on sta n t m oon ,

Th a t m o n t h l y c h a n
g e s i n h e r c i rc l e d o rb ,
L e st t ha t t hy l o ve v
p ro e lik e w i se a ri a bl e v .

Ro m e o a n d J u li et , a ct ii . so . 2,

No w fo r t he e vi d g i n st t hi s L a d ,
en c e a a y I a m so rr yIm u st

ri p u p . I sh a ll fi rst sho w
y o u t h e pu r e a n c e vy or pr o vi si o n o f t he

y
p o i s o n s ; t ha t t he w e re se v e n i n n u m b e r, b ro u ght t o t hi s L a d y
a nd b
y he r b i ll e t t e d a n d la i d u p t i ll t he m i ght b e u se d ; a n d y
t hi s do n e w i t h a n o a t h o r v o w o f s e c re c w hi c h i s li e t he y k
y k
Eg p t i a n da r n e ss, a gro ss a n d p a lpa bl e da r k n e ss t ha t m a y b e
“ ”
fe lt ( Sp e e c h a ga i n st S o m e rse t ,

T h e re i s no da rk n e ss b u t i gn ora n c e, i n w hi c h th ou a rt m o re pu zzl e d
t ha n t h e Eg y pt i a ns i n t h e i r fo g . T wel ft h N i gh t ,
a ct iv . se . 2,

Th e pre c e di n g se v en p a ra l l e l s h a v e a l re a dy a pp e a re d i n t he Ba c on J o u rn a l
u n de r t h e a u t h or s
’
na me .
 P A R A L LE L S .

Am o n gst w hi c h t ha t of a ll o t he rs i s t he m o st fre q u e n t, w he re

t he q u e st i o n i s, of a grea t dea l of good to en su e o f a sma ll i nj usti ce

(
“
Ad v a n c em e n t of L e a r n i n g,
”
B k II oo .
,
xx i .

T o do a
gre a t ri gh t , do a li t t l e w ro n g .

M e rc ha n t of V e n i ce , a ct iv . so . 1 ,

Ne v e rt he l e ss ,
si n c e Ip e rc e i v e tha t thi s c lou d sti ll ha n gs over the

hou se
”
1 6 7 1 , P a rt I , p 4 0 . . . Spe e c h de li v e re d

b y S i r F ra n cis B a con i n t he L o w e r H o u se a b o u t t he U n de r t k
a e rs .

”
Pa rli a m e n t , 1 2t h

No w i s the w i n te r o f ou r dis c o n t e n t
M a de glo ri o u s su m m e r b y t h i s s o n o f Y o rk
A n d a ll t h e c lo u ds tha t l o u r ed u p o n ou r hou s e
In t h e de e p b o s o m of t he o c ea n b u ri e d
III
.

Ri c h a rd .

It i s i n t ha t t he b e st go
c e rt a v e rn m e n t s , y ea ,
a nd t he b e st o f

m en, a re k
l i e t he b e s t p r e c i o u s s t o n e s, w h e re i n e v y er fla w or

i c i c le or g ra in , a re se e n a n d n ote d m o re t ha n i n t ho se t ha t a re

g e n e ra ll yf ou l a n d c o rru p t e d
”
1 67 1 , Pa rt I .
, p .

Hi s Lo rdshi p s Sp e e c h i n t he Pa rli a m e n t , b e i n g L o rd C ha n
’
79 .

c e ll o r t o t he S e a
, p e r s e c u se
) k ’
x .

Tho u a rt a t ra i t o r a nd a m i s c re a nt

T o o go o d t o b e so , a n d t o o b a d t o li ve,

S i n c e the m or e f a i r l i s the sky ,

a n d chri s ta

T he u g li er seem the c l o u ds tha t i n i t fly .

“
( Ri c ha rd se .

Si r Fu l k eG re v i ll ha d m u c h p ri a t e a c c e ss to u e e n Eliz a b e t h, v Q
w hi c h he u se d ho n o u ra b l , a n d di d m a n y m e n go o d y e t he y
w o u ld sa
y m e rr i l y of hi m se lf, Tha t he wa s li ke Ro sI N G O OD F ELL UW ,

for when ma i ds sp i lt the m i lk c a -

n , or kep t a n y ra cket, the y wou ld la y i t
up on RO B IN, so w ha t t a l e s t he la di e s a b o u t t he Q u een t o l d he r,

o r o t he r ba d o ffi c e s t ha t t he y di d ,
t he yw o u ld pu t it u po n hi m

( 35 , p 1 7 2 , Bla c kb o ur n e
2 .
’
s W o rks ,
v ol .

Fa i . Eit he r I mi t k s a e yo u r sh a pe a nd m a k i n g qu i t e ,
O r e lse y o u a re t ha t sh re w d a n d kn a v i s h s pri t e
 P A RA L L E L S . z
-
I9
’
Ca ll d Ro bi n G oodf e ll o w a re n ot y ou he
Tha t f ri gh ts the m a iden s of the vi ll a ger y
S ki m m i lk , a n d som e ti m e s la bou r i n the gu ern
A n d b o o t l ess m a k e t h e b re a t hl e ss h ou se w i fe c hu rn
An d so m e t i m e m a k e t h e dri n k t o b e a r no b a rm
M i sl e a d n i gh t -
wa n de rers , la u ghi n g a t t h e i r ha rm ?
T h o se t h a t H o bgo b l i n ll y ou a n d sw e e t Pu c k ,
ca

Yo u do t h e ir w o rk , a n d t h e y sh a l l h a e go o d l u c k v
Are n o t y o u h e
’
P u ck . Th ou s pe a k st a ri
gh t
I m th t m
a a e rr y wa n de re r o f th e n i ht
g .

I j t t Ob
es o ero n a n d m a k e hi m s m il e

Wh I f t en a a a n d bea n fe d h o rse b e gu i l e ,
-

N e i ghi n g i n l i k e n e ss o f a fi ll y fo a l

An d so m e t i m e l u rk Ii n a
’

go ssi p s b o w l ,
In v er y l i k e n e ss o f a ro a st e d c ra b ,

A n d w hen sh e dri n ks ,
’
ga i n s t h er lip s
a bo b I
A nd on her wi ther d dew la p p ou r the a le .

Th e w i s e st a u n t , t e ll i n g t h e s a dde s t t a l e ,
S om e t i m e fo r t h re e fo o t s t o o l m i st a k e t h m e
-

I
T h en sl i p fro m h e r b u m , do w n t o ppl e s sh e ,
”
“
An d t a i l o r c ri e s , a n d fa ll s i n t o a c o u gh
A n d t h e n t h e w h o l e qu i re h o ld t h e i r hi p s a n d l a u gh ,
x
A n d w a e n i n t h e i r m i rth a n d n e e z e a n d sw e a r,
A m erri er h o u r w a s ne v er w a s t e d t h e re .

Bu t , ro o m , fa i ry h ere c o m es Ob e ro n .

“
( M i dsu m m er N i gh t
’
s Dre a m , a c t 11 . so.

T he e n t i re c ha ra c t e r s of t he Fa i r y m yth o log yi n t r o du c e d in to
M i dsu m m e r Ni ght
“ ”
Dr e a m , b o rr o w e d fro m H u gh de
’
t he s a re

B o rde a u x (H u on de B ou rdea u x) , a n d a re g i evn b

y H a z li t t u n de r

t he t i t l e ,
“
Fa i r y M yt h o lo
g y of S ha k e sp e a r e .
”
Obe ro n , Ti t a n i a ,

a nd Pu c kd ea l in a sp e c i e s o f m a gi c c l o se l y a lli e d t o Na t u re fo r ,

t he fo rm e r t w o ca ll t h e m s e l v es
“
p a ren ts a n d ori gi na l o f Na t u r e
”
.

I n de e d, i t i s ha r dl y a s ki n
g t o o m u ch to a ssu m e t ha t t he re i s

so m e t hi n g su sp i c i o u sl y n ea r t he j
su b e c t , t o fin d B a con i n t ro du c i n g
t hi s b o o k of Hu on de B ou rdea u cc, i n con t e xt w i t h “
Na t u ra l M a gi c .

“
A s fo r t he Na t u ra l M a gi c (whi c h fli es a b ro a d i n m a n ym en s
’

bo o k s
) c o n ta in in g c e rta in c r e du l o u s a n d s u p e rs t i t i o u s t ra di t i o n s
a n d o bser v a t i o n s o f symp a thi es a n d a n tip a thi es, a n d of hi dde n a nd

sp e c i fi c r
p po e r t i e s, w ith so m e e xp e ri m e n t s c o m m o n l yfi r v o l o u s,

st ra n g e , ra t he r, fo r the a rt o f con veya n ce a n d di sp ri sem en t t ha n t he

2 20 P A RAL LE L S .

t hi n g i t s e lf su r e l yh e sha ll n ot m u ch e rr w ho sha ll sa y t ha t t hi s
s o rt o f m a gi c i s as fa r di ffe ri n g i n t ru t h of na t u re fro m su c h a
k n ow el dge a s w e r e u i re , a s t he q
o o s o f t he J e s t s o f A rthu r of B k
’
B ri t a i n or of Hu on of B ou rdea ucc difier f rom C ae sa r s Co mm e n t a ri e s,
i n t ru t h o f s to r y (
“
De A u g m e n t i s ,
”
III .

H e r e t he n w e ha v e p ro o f p o si t i v e t ha t B a con wa s a c q ua i n te d
wi t h t he s o u rc e fro m w hi c h O be ro n a nd Pu c k a re dra w n . It i s
a n o t he r li n k i n t he i n t e r m i n a b l e c ha i n of e vid en ce t o fi n d hi m

fa m i li a r w i t h t hi s p o e t i c a l d m a g i c a l c la ss
a n of li te ra t u re , b e lo n g
i n g t o t he A rt hu ri a n ro m a n c e c c l e y
It i s . j u st i n t he c ha ra c te r

of
“
Na tu ra l M agi c t ha t P u c k , Ob e ro n , a nd Ti t a n i a a re i n t ro
du c e d . B a con
g oes on to sa
y
“
t he o p e ra tio n of t hi s su p e r fi c ia l
a nd de ge n e ra t e Na tu ra l M a gi c u po n m e n i s li k e s o m e so p o ri fe ro u s

dru gs, w hi c h pr o c ur e sleep , a n d w i t ha l e ha l e i n t o t he fa n c , x y

y
m e rr , a n d p le asa n t drea ms i n sleep
”
O b se r e t ha t t he t i t l e o f . v
t he p l a y
i n w hi c h Ob e ro n a n d P u c a r e i n t ro du c e d i s
“
A Mi d k
su m m e r Ni ght s Dre a m
’

,
”
w hi c h c o n c lu de s w i t h t he se w o rds

P u ck . If w e sh a do w s ha v e o ffe n de d,

T hi n k b u t t hi s a nd a l l i s m e n de d,
T ha t yo u h a v b e u t sl u m
’
b e r d h e re ,
W hi l e t he se vi i s on s di d a
pp ea r .

A n d t hi s w e a k a nd i dl e t he m e ,
No m o re yi e ldi n g bu t a dr e a m .

S o t ha t w e ha ve t he re
p re he n si o n o f t he pla y a s merely a drea m
i n si st e d u po n i n t he sa m e w a y b y Sha k e sp e a r e .

“
So a s a v e rt u o u s ma n w i ll b e v e rt u o u s in soli tu di n e a n d n o t

o nl yi n thea tre, t ho u gh p e rc a se i t w i ll b e m o re s t ro n g b y gl or y
” “
a nd fa m e , a s a n hea t whi ch is do ubled by re fi ea ri o n ( C o l o ur s o f
”
G o od a nd Ev i l,

A s tr a n g e fe ll o w h e re
W ri t e s me :
“
Tha t m a n, h o w dea rly e v er pa rt e d,
v
H o w m u c h i n ha i n g , o r w i t ho u t o r i n ,
v
C a n n o t m a k e b o a s t t o h a e t h a t w hi c h h e h a t h ,
No r fe e l s n o t w ha t h e o w es , b u t by re fl e c t i o n
As w h e n his vi t r u e s s hi n i n g u po n o t h e rs
 PARAL LE L S . 2 2 I

H e a t t he m a n d t h e y re t ort th a t h e a t a
ga i n
T o t h e fi rst gi er
”
v .

A chi l . T hi s i s n o t s t ra n g e , Ul ysse s .

Th e b e a u t y t ha t i s b orn e h e re i n t h e fa c e
Th e b e a rer k n o ws n o t , b u t c o m m e n ds i t sel f
To o t h ers
’
e yesdo t h t h e e y e i ts e lf,
n or

T h a t m o st pu re s p i ri t o f se n se , b e h o ld i t se l f,
No t g o i n g fro m i t se l f b u t e ye t o e ye o ppose d
S a l u t e s e a c h o t h er w i t h e a c h o t h e r s fo rm
’

F o r s pe c u l a t i o n t u rn s n o t t o i t se lf,
T i l l i t h a t h t ra v e l l d a n d i s m i rror d t he re
’ ’

Wh ere it m a y see i t se l f T hi s i s n o t s t ra n ge a t a ll
I
. .

Ulyss do. n o t s t ra in t t h e po s i ti o n ,
a

It i s fa m il i a r, —
bu t a t t h e a u t h o r s dri ft
’

Wh o ,
i n hi s c i rc u m s t a n c e , e xp re ssl y p ro ves

Tha t no ma n i s t h e l o rd of a n y t h i n g,
Thou gh i n a n d of h i m t h e re b e m u c h c o n s i st i n g,

Ti ll h e c om m u n i c a t e h i s pa rt s t o o t h ers
No r do t h he o f h i m se l f k n o w t h e m fo r a u gh t
’
T il l h e b e h o ld t h e m form d i n t h e ppl a u s e
a

Whe re t hey
’
re e xt e n de d w ho , lik e a n a rc h , re v e rb e ra tes
The vi ga i n , o r, li k e a g a t e o f s t e e l
o ce a

F v
ro n t i n g t h e su n , re c e i e s a n d re n de rs b a c k

H i s fi gu re a n d h i s h e a t .

Tr o i l u s a nd Cre ssi da .

No t e t he c o m pl e t e p a ra lle l of t h e w o rd “
he a t , tw i c e u se d,

a nd t he m e t a pho r o f t he su n ,
a s
p ro du c i n g
“
l i g ht ,
” “
gl o r , y ”

“
fa m e .
”
We ma y r e fin d i n t hi s p a ssa ge a B c o n s st u d
’
y of E c ho e s
a nd t he i r Re fl e c t i o n s,
”
in t he S l a Syl v a yv ru m ,
”

W ho lik e a n a rc h re v erb e ra t es,

Th e vi o ce a ga i n .

B a c on , in on e of t he su bt l e st a na l o gi e s b e t w e e n “
Vi si bl e s
”
a nd A u di bl e s ( si ght a n d so u n d) e v er m a de , de sc ri be s t he c a u se

of a re p e a t ed e c ho , a nd i t s gra du a l e xti n c ti o n , b y t he sp le n di d

si m i l e of two o pp o si t e m i rro rs i n a ro o m ,
re fl e c ti n
g t he pa rt
a

m en t a n d e a ch o t he r o v er a n d o v er a g i n, a ea ch i m a ge be c o m i n g
”
i n p e rsp e c t i v e fa i n t e r a n d fa i n t e r . T hu s a n e c ho , he w ri t e s,
“
v
i n a c ha p e l o r a u lt e d pla c e , i s t o sse d l i k e a ba ll, ba c kw a rds a n d

fo r wa rds fro m w a ll t o w a ll, getti n g wea ker a n d wea ker a t ea ch

reflecti on . The m i n d c a p a b le o f t hi s st r i i n g a n d b e a u t ifu l k
i llu st ra t i o n o f t w o s e n se s (so u n li e a s si ght a n d hea ri n g ) by e a c h k
2 2 2 P ARA LLE L S .

o t he r, m us t i n de e d ha v e be e n a v ym v
er a r e llo us o n e , a n d we ma y
se e i n t he a bo v
p a s sa ge t he i n flu e n c e
e of t he s e s t u di es o f Reflec

ti on ,
”
i n t ro du c e d t o b e a r u po n F a m e a nd G lo r y .

F o r t he m o t i o n s of t he gre a t e st p e rso n s i n a
go v e rn m e n t o u ght

t o b e a s the mo ti on s o f the Pla n e ts, u n de r P ri mu m M obi le, a cc o rdi n g

t o t he o ld o pi n i o n , w hi c h i s t ha t ever y on e of t he m i s c a rri e d

s wi ft l y by t he hi ghe st m o t i o n , a n d so ft ly i n t he i r o wn m o tion .

A n d t he re fo re , w he n gre a t o n e s i n t he i r o w n pa r t i c u la r m o t i o n ,
v y
m o e v i o le n t l , a n d a s T a c i t u s e x p r e sse t h i t w e ll, I/i beri us, qua m
‘

’ ”
ut I mp era n ti u m me m i n i ssen t, i t i s a si gn the orbs a re ou t o f fra me
S e di t i o n s a nd T ro u b le s
Thi s c o m pa ri s o n of w e l l o rde re d g o
-
v e rn m e n t to the mo tion s o
f
“ ”
the p la n e ts, i s t o be r e fo u n d in T ro i lu s a nd Cre ssi da . The
“
hollow f a cti on s,
”
re i g n i n g i n t he “
G rae c i a n t e n ts,
”
Ul y ss e s de
c la re s a re o wi n g to wa nt of su b o rdi n a ti o n , or of a hea d to

g o v e rn

Deg re e b e i n g vi za rde d

Th e u n w o rt hi e s t s h o w s a s fa i rly i n t h e m a s k .

The h e a v en s t h e m se l ves, t h e pla n et s a n d t hi s c e n t re

O bs e r v e de gre e , p ri o ri t y a nd pl a c e,

I n s i s t ure , c o u rse , pro p o rt i o n , sea so n , fo rm ,

O ffi c e a n d c u s t o m , i n a ll l i n e
o f o rde r ;

A n d t h e re fo re i s t he g l o ri ou s pl a n e t S o l
In n o b l e e m i n e n c e e n t hro n e d a n d s ph e re d
A m i ds t t h e o the r w h o s e m e di c i n a b l e e
ye
C o rre c t s t h e i ll a s pe c ts o f pl a n e ts e i l , v
A n d p o sts , lik e t h e c o m m a n dm e n t o f a k i n g ,
Sa n s c heck t o go o d a n d b a d b u t w h e n t h e pl a n e ts

In e v x
i l m i t ure t o di s o rde r w a n de r,
W ha t pl a gu e s a n d w h a t port e n t s w ha t m u t i n y
Wha t ra gi n g o f t h e s ea 2 s ha k in
g o f e a rt h
C o m m o t i o n i n t h e wi n ds ! fri gh t s , c ha n g e s , h o rrors ,
v
Di e rt a n d c ra c k , re n d a n d de ra c i n a t e
The u n it y a n d ma rri e d ca lm o f s ta te s

Qu ite fro m t h e i r fi xu re
Tro il u s a nd Cre ss i da ,
a ct i . se .

S o w he n y a n of t he fo u r p i lla rs o f go e rn m e n t v a re sha ke n or

w ea k e n ed (w hi c h a re Re li gi o n , J u st i c e , Co u n se l, a n d Tr ea su re )
 P A RA L L E L S . 2 2 3

m en ha d n e ed to p ra y fo r fa i r wea ther S e di t i o n s a n d
Tr o u bl e s
0 w h e n de gre e i s sha ked ,
Wh i c h i s t he l a dde r t o a l l hi gh de si g n s
Th e n e n t erpri se i s si c k .

(A c t i . se .

Al so w he n di sc o rds, a nd q u a rr e l s , a nd f a cti on s a r e c a rr i e d

Op e n l y a n d a u da c i o u sl y ,
it is a si gn t he re v e re n c e o f g o v e rn m e n t

i s l o st S e di t i o n s a nd T rou bl e s

Nest M o s t
. w i se l y h a t h U lyss e s h e re di sc o v e r d
’

T h e fe v er w h ere o f a ll ou r po w e r i s s i c k .

Ul ysses . An d l o ok , h o w m a n y G rae c i a n t e n t s do st a n d

H o ll o w u po n t hi s pl a i n , so ma n y h o l l o w f a c ti o n s .

B a con s
’
E ssa y s u po n
“
Fa c t i o n a nd S e di t i o n s a nd Tr o u bl e s,
a re fu ll of di r e c t a
pp l i c a t i o n s to
p a s sa
g e s in su c h l
p a y; s a s
” ” “
C o ri o la n u s, T ro i l u s a nd Cre ssi da , J u li u s C ae s a r (w he r e
we ha v e t he fa cti on s of B ru t u s a n d Ca s si u s
) ,
“
An t o n y a nd

Cl e o pa t ra (fa c ti o n s of P o m pe y ,
a n d fi na ll y of C ae sa r a
ga i n st
An ton y ,
In hi s E ss a y u po n
“
Fa c t i o n , g i he
n re ea t s
p a a

“
The m o t i o n s of F a cti on s u n de r k i n gs o u ght t o b e li e t he k
m ot i on s (
a s t he a st r o n o m e r s sp e a k) O f t he i n fe ri o r o rb s ; whi ch

ma y ha ve thei r p rop er mo ti on s, bu t yet sti ll a re qu i e tly ca rri ed by the

“
hi gher mo ti o n of P ri m u m M obi le ( Fa c t i o n
Thi s i s a m a gn i fi c e n t a n d st ri ki n
ppli c a t i o n , O f t he pa rt i c u la r
g a

de p e n de n c e a nd i n de pe n de n c e v
O f t he se e r a l de gr e e s O f w e l l

o r de r e d go v e rn m e n t , t o t he la w s of t he s o la r s y st e m .

B a c on s
’
c o m pr e he n si o n of t he b a la n ce of p o w er i n Ki n gc ra ft
m a y b e illu st ra t e d fro m hi s E s sa y on
“
Em pi r e “
T he a n sw e r

of A p o llo n i u s t o Ve spa si a n i s fu ll of e x c e ll e n t i n st r u c t i o n ;
Ve spa si a n a s k ed hi m , Wha t wa s Nero s overthrow l ’
He a n sw e r e d,

‘
Ne ro c o u ld t ou c h a nd t u n e t he ha rp w e ll ; b u t i n go v e rn m e n t

so m e t i m e s he us ed to wi n d the p i n s too hi gh, som eti m es to le t them

down too low .
’
An d c e rt a i n i t i s , t ha t n oth n i g de st ro y e th a u
 P A RAL LE L S .

t ho ri t y so m u ch a s t he une q ua l a n d u n t im e l y en tercha n ge O f
po w e r

p re ss e d t o o fa r, a n d r e la x ed too m u c h

By “
e n tercha n ge B a con se e m s t o m ea n
“
i n term i ssi on , t ha t i s

p re ss i n
g t o o fa r,
”
a nd
“
r e la xi n
g t o o m u c h,
”
fro m o n e e x t re m e

t o t he o t he r . To s pe a k n ow o f t he t ru e t e m p e r o f e m ir e
p it is
a t hi n g ra re a n d ha rd t o k e ep : fo r bo t h t e m p e r a nd di st e m p er
c o n s i st O f c o n t ra r i e s . Bu t i t i s on e thi n g to m i n gle con tra ri es, a no the r
”
to en tercha n ge them Em p i r e
To mi n gle con tra r ie s
”
si fi
gn i e s ba la n c e , t e m p e ra n c e , a n d e vi

de n t ly B a c on ha d a ppli e d t hi s la w O f O pp o si t e s t o a lm o st e v y er

t hi n g , t o a
pp e t i t e s, p a s si o n s , a
ffe c t i o n s, a s we re fin d i n t he pl y a s .

H e ha d e v i de n t l yw k or ed t hi s i de a ou t a s a
grea t m o ra l la w , fa r

de e p e r t ha i t i s p o ssi b le a s y e t t o
n a
pp r e he n d i n i t s ful l fo rc e ,
a nd is a
p pl i e d a s a l a w t o t he p l a y O f pa s si o n a
g i n sta
p a ssi o n ,

a ffe c t i o n g i n st a ffe c t i o n i n t he pla

a a s F o r w ho y .
“
kn o w s n o t t ha t

t he do c t ri n e o f c o n t ra ri e s a re t he sa m e , t ho u gh t he yb e o ppo si t e

in u se 1
”
(B k VI oo .
, p.2 09 ,
“
Ad v a n c e m e n t Of

Ul ysses . he r Fi e, fie u po n

T h e re s l a n gu a g e i n h e r e y e , h e r c h e e k , h e r l i p,
’

Na y , h e r fo o t s pe a k s he r w a n to n sp i r i ts lo o k o u t
v
A t e e ry j o i n t a n d m o t i e O f he r b o dy v “
.

( Tro ilu s a nd C ress i da .

On e Of B a c o n s s t u di e s,
’
w hi c h he i n t ro du c e s i n t he F o u rt h B k oo

Of t he
“
Ad v a n c em en t of Lea rn i n
g ,
”
is The rela ti onship f
o the
” “
mi n d to the body . H ow these two, na m ely, the m i n d a nd the body,

di sc lose on e the other a nd how on e worketh up o n the other, by di sco very

or i ndi ca tio n , a nd by i mp ressi on ( b IV , p 1 8 1 ,

L i . . .
“
Ad va n c em e n t

”
Of L ea rn i n g ,

A ga i n , “
The fi rst i s Ph yi s o
gn o m y ,
w hi c h di sc o v e rs t he di s po si
dy
”
t io n s of t he m i n d b y t he li n e a m e n t s Of t he b o . Ar i s t o t le
ha t h v yi
er n
g e n i o u sl y a nd dili ge n t l yh a n dle d t he po st u re s o f t he

bo d y ,
whi le i t i s a t r est, bu t n ot the gestu re s of the body when i t i s i n

moti on ; w hi c h a re n o l e ss c o m p re he n si bl e by a rt , a n d O f grea t e r
”
u se P
( H YS I OG NO M IA C O R P O RI S IN M OT U, Cup . I .
,
Se c . 3, g 1,

Ad v a n c em e n t of Le a r n i n g .
”
 PA RALLE L S . 2 2 5

The pa ssa ge fro m Tr o i lu s a n d Cre ssida l ea v e s t he i m pre ssi o n

y fl ’
Ul sse s re e c t s u p o n C re ssida s m oti on s or movem en ts .

At e ver y j oi n t a nd m oti ve Of h er b o dy .

Tha t B a con s ho u l d ha v e pro p o se d t o m a e a stu d o f su c h a k y

su b e c tj is e x c e ssi v ly
e c u ri o u s, a n d sp e a k
s fo r hi s e x t ra o rdi n a r y
O b s e rv i n
g p o w e rs, sho w i n
g h e wa s a k e en st u de n t Of hu m a n
na tu re x
e t e rn a ll , y a s w e ll a s i n t e rn a ll y .

SO i n a ll phy i s o n om
g y th e li n e a m e n t s o f t he b o d w ill di sc o v e r y
t ho se na t u ra l i n di ca t i o n s Of t he m i n d w hi c h di ssi m ul a t i o n w i ll

c on c ea l or di sc i pli n e w i ll su p p r e s s
”
( N “
a t u ra l H i st o r y B k,
”
oo

IX .
,
Ex .

Fo r i t i s a ru l e t ha t w ha t so e v e r sc i e n c e is n ot c o n so n a n t to
“
pre su ppo si t i o n s, m u st p ra y i n a i d o f si m i li t u de s ( A dv a n c em en t

Of L e a r n i n g,
”
B k II
oo .
, p .

A qu ero r t h a t wi ll p ra y i n a i d fo r k i n dn ess ,
c on

Wh ere h e fo r gra c e i s k n e e l d t o ’
.

(
“
An t o n y a nd Cl e o pa t ra ,
a ct v . so . 2,

M r A ldi s W ri ght rem a r k s

Si r T Ha n m e r i n hi s
. n ot e on t hi s pa ssa
ge s sa y s :
“
P ra yi n g i n
a id is a t e rm p e t i t i o n , m a de i n a c o u r t o f u st i c e , fo r t he
u se d fo r a j
c a lli n g i n O f he lp fro m a n o t he r, t ha t ha t h a n i n t e re st i n t he c a u se

q
i n u e st i o n (G lo s sa r ,
“
A d y
a n c e m e n t O f L e a rn i n g v

B a con a lw a y s u se s t he a rc ha i c fo rm sta tu a fo r st a t u e
“ ” “
E n c o m pa sse d a l so w i t h fi n e ra i ls Of l o w sta tua s
( G a rde n s

E v en a t t h e b a se of Po m p e y
’
s s ta tu a .

(
“
J u li u s Caesa r, a ct iii . se .

“ a n d c he e rfu l,
L e t t he s o n gs b e lo u d a n d n ot c hi r i
p gn s or

( M a squ e s
“
p u li n gs a nd Tri u m phs

T O spe a k p u li n g l i k e a b e gga r a t H a ll owm a ss .

”
Tw o G e n t l e m e n O f Vero n a , a c t i i . se .

P
2 2 6 P A RA L LE L S .

A s e rva n t o r a fa v o u ri te , if he b e i n wa rd, a nd no o t he r a p
p a re n t ca u s e oi e st e e m , is c om m o n l y t ho u ght b u t a by w a y t o -

“
c l o se c o rru
pt i o n ( G rea t Pla ce

Wh o i s m os t i n w a r d w i t h t h e n o bl e du k e .

Ri c ha rd III .
,
a ct i ii . so .

Ik n ew t w o t ha t w e r e c o m p e t i t o rs fo r t he s e c re ta r y ’
s p la ce in
Q u een Eli za b e t h s t i m e ,
’
a nd
y e t k e pt g ood qua r ter be t we e n
t he m s e l v es Cu n n i n g

Fi r end a ll bu t n ow

In qu a r ter .

S o m e bu i ld ra t he r u po n t he a bu si n g O f o t h e rs C u n n in g
The M o o rs a bu s ed b y so m e m os t vi ll i a n ou s kn a
”
v e .

O t he l lo , a ct iv . se .

Ye t t he m o re su b t i le s o rt o f t he m do t h n ot o n l yp t m u a a n

b e side s hi s a n s w e r, b u t do t h m a y t im n es a bu s e hi j dgm t
s u en
”

(
“
Ad v a n c em e n t o f L e a rn i n g, B k II hoo .
,
c . xiv .

W he t h e r t h o u b e e st he
’
or n o ,

Or s o m e e n c h a n te d t ri fl e t o a bus e m e .

“
( Te m pes t , a ct v. se . 1,

So i n m o st t hi n g s m e n a re r ea d y to a bu se t he m se l v es in
t hi n ki ng t he grea t e st m ea ns to b e b e st , w he n i t s ho u ld be t he
fi tt e st .
”

The e m pl o ym e n t of t hi s w o rd
“
a bu se by B a c on i s i n t he s e n se

He re i s O b s e rv e d t ha t i n a ll c a u se s t he fi r st t a l e p o sse ss e t h

m u ch ; in sho rt , t ha t t he p r e j u di c e t he re by w r o u g ht will be
ha rdl y re m o v e d, e x c e p t s o m e a
”

bus e or fa lsi ty i n t he i n fo rm a t i o n b e

de t e c t e d Ad v a n c em e n t O f L ea rn i n
g,
”
B k oo c h x xii i
. .
p .

Bu t yo u a re m u c h a bu sed if y o u t hi n ky o u r v i rt u e ca n wi t h

st a n d t he Ki n g s po we r
’ ”
(
“
Ad a n c em e n t v of L ea rn i n
g,
”
B kI oo .
,

c h vi i p
. . .
 P A RA L L E L S . 2 2 7

In w hi c h e rro r it se e m e t h Po m pe yw a s, O f w ho m C i c e r o sa
'

i t h,
t ha t he w a s wont O ft e n to sa
y S y
,
lla
p ota i l, ego n on p otero ? W h e re i n
he w a s m u ch a bu sed,
”
&c . v
Ad a n c e m e n t O f L e a rn i n g, B k II
oo .
,

ch . x xii i .
p .

It i s p e rfe c t l pla i n
.
y B
a c o n u s e s t hi s w o rd u st i n t he pla c e j
w he re w e s ho u ld e m p lo t he w o rd
“
y
”
decei ved, a n d i f t he re a de r
“ “ ”
n o w w i ll t u rn t o t h e c i t a t i o n s fro m O t he ll o a n d The T e m p e st ,
he w i ll fin d ho w t r u l y t hi s a
pp l i e s t o t h e se n s e O f t he conte xt .

I m a a bu s ed, a nd my re l i e f

M u st b e t o l o a t h h er .

“
( O t h el l o ,
a ct iii . so.

Kn o w y o u n ot of ma n y w hi chha v e m a de p ro i si o n o f la u r e l v
fo r t he vi c t or y ,
a nd ha v e be en fa i n t o e x c ha n g e i t w i th cyp ress fo r
t he fu n e ra l ?
”
(
“
S q u i re s
’
S pe e c h

C o m e a w a y , c o m e a w a y , de a t h ,
A n d i n s a d Cyp r ess l e t m e b e l a id .

“
(S on g ,
T w e l fth N i gh t ,
a ct 11 . so .

Som e m e n a re
pra i se d m a li c i o u sl t o t he i r hu rt , t he re b t oy y
st i r e n vy a nd j ea y
l o u s t o w a rds t he m P essi m u m Gen u s i n i m i coru m
la u da n ti u m ; i n so m u c h a s i t wa s a v
pro erb , a m o n g st t he G raec i a n s,
t ha t H e tha t wa s p ra i sed to hi s hu rt sho u ld ha e a pu sh r i s e u p o n v
’
hi s n o se : a s we sa y : Tha t a bli ster wi ll ri se u p on on e s ton gu e tha t
tells a li e P ra i se

I ll t a k e t
’ ’
u po n m e

If Ip v ro e h o n e y m ou t h d, l et m y ton gu e bli ste r

’
.

Wi n t er s Ta l e , a c t
” ’
11 . so .

C o n c e rn i n g t he ma te ri a ls f
o sedi ti ou s, t he m a tter o f sedi ti ou s is of

t wo ki n ds mu ch p overty a nd m u ch discon ten tmen t . It i s c e rt a in so

ma n y overthrow n esta tes, so ma n y v ot es fo r t ro u bl e s . Lu c a n

n o t eth w e l l t he st a te Of Ro m e b e fo re t he ci vil wa r An d
i f t hi s p overty a nd b ro k e n e st a t e i n t he b e t t e r s o rt , be j oi n e d w i t h

n t a n d n e cessi t i n the m ea n p eop le, t he da

a wa y n
ge r i s i m m i n e n t
2 2 8 P A RA L L E L S .

” “
a n d gre a t F or the
. rebelli o ns o f the B e lly a re the worst ( O f S e di
t i o n s a n d Tro u b l e s

T he t ra ge d y of C o ri o la n us o pe n s wi t h a sedi ti on of the

eo le ca used by p overty a nd wa nt
p p .

Yo u d t he r t o di e t ha t o fa m is h
’
l s t Ci ti ze n
. a re a ll re s o l v ra n

l s t Ci ti ze n . F o r t h e G ods k n o w I s pe a k t h i s i n h u n ger f or br ea d, n ot in
t h i rs t fo r re v e n ge .

l st Ci t i zen . Fi rs t , you kn o w Ca i u s M a r ti n s i s c hi e f e n e m y t o t h e pe o ple .

A ll . We kn ow t , w e k n ow t
’ ’
.

l st Ci ti z e n L e t u s k i ll hi m ,
. a nd
’
w e ll h a v e c orn a t ou r o wn pri ce . Is t
’
a

v e rdi c t

No y y
’
A ll . m o re t a lk i n g on t l e t i t b e do n e a wa ,
a wa .

C o ri o l a n u s, a ct i . se .

Upo n t hi s e n t e rs M en en i u s A gri pp a , w ho e n de a v o u rs to a ssu a g e

t he p e o pl e by t he fa ble Of t he B lly e a nd t he M e m b e rs .

Me T here w a s
’
n . a t i m e when a ll the body s m em bers
’
Re be l l d a ga i ns t the bel l y .

L e t t he re a de r n ot e t he sedi ti on ca u sed by p overty a nd wa n t (i n

y)
t he p l a a nd t hi s fa bl e , a ll Oc c ur u po n t he fi rs t pa g e of t he

t g dy (F
ra e o li o a n d se e ho w t he pro s e p or tra i t or a na lysis of
all thi v s, e en t o t he fa b l e O f t h e Re b e lli o n O f t he e ll , i s g i v e n B y
by B i a con n t he E ssa yq u oted .

“
F o r t he w i t a nd m in d Of ma n, if it w or k u po n m a t t e r, w hi c h
i s t he c on t e m pla t i o n Of t he c r ea t u re s of G o d, w o r k e t h a c c o rdi n
g
t o t he st u ff, a n d i s li m i t e d t he re b y bu t if i t w o r k u po n i t se l f, a s

t he spi de r wor k t h hi w
e s e b, t he n i t i s e n dle ss
”
(
“
Ad v a n cem en t

Of L ea rn i n g,
”
B kI p oo . .

B u t spi de r li k e , -

Ou t Of his se l f -
dra w i n g w e b h e gi e s u s n o t ev .

“
( H e n ry VIII .
, a ct i . se .

I ter a tions a re c o m m o n l yl o ss O f t i m e
”
O f Di spa t c h

Wh a t m ea ns t hi s i ter a ti o n, w om a n ?
O t h e l lo , a ct v . so .
 P A RA L L E L S . 2 2 9

In a w o rd, a ma n w e re b e t t e r r e la t e hi m se lf t o a st a tu e or
” “
pi c t u r e , t ha n t o su ffe r hi s t ho u ght s t o pa ss in smo ther ( Of
Fri e n dshi p

Th e n m u s t If ro m t he s m ok e i n t o t h e sm o ther ,
F ro m t yra nt du k e un to a t y ra nt b ro t h e r .

A s Yo u Lik e It , a ct i . se .

Fo r i t i s a dul l t hi n g t o t i re , a n d, a s we sa
y n ow , to j a de a n
y
” “
t hi n g t o o fa r ( O f Di s c ou rs e

Id o n o t n ow fo ol m y self to l e t i m a g i n a t i on
“
j a de
”
me .

( Tw e l ft h N i gh t ,
a c t 1 1 . S O.

T e ll t ru l y ,
wa s t he r e n ev er a f t
lou or dry blow gi ven ? Di s
c o u r se

F u l l o f c o m pa ri so n s a n d w o u n di n g ftou ts .

Lo ve s
’
La b ou r
’
s L o st , a ct v . se .

Bu t w h a t
’
s you r j e st ?
A dr y j es t, sir .
“
( Tw e lft h N i ght ,
a ct i . so .

T he u se o f t he w o rd a u gm en ted is so p e c u li a rl yB a c o n ia n , a n d

re fo u n d u n de r t he e xp re ssi o n s a u gm en ta ti on o f sc i e n c e s
”
(s e e
pr e fa c e to t ha t to fi n d i t i n Sha k e sp e a r e is
n o t a s t o n i shi n g

A n d s i n c e t h e qu a rrel
W ill b ea r n o c o l o u r, fo r t h e t h i n g h e i s,
F a shi o n i t t hu s t ha t wh a t h e i s a u gm en ted .

(
“
J ul i u s Caesa r, a c t 11 . se .

For i t i s p o rt e d t ha t a t t he c e l e b ra t i o n o f hi s o rgi e s, t w o
re

fa m o u s w o rt hi e s, P en theu s a n d Orp heu s, w e re t o rn i n pi e c e s by

c e rt a i n m a d e n ra ge d w o m e n
-
Fa bl e of Di o n y su s

C o m pa r e

Th e ri o t o f t h e t i p sy B a c h a n a l s
Te a ri n g t h e T hra c i a n s i n g e r i n t h e i r ra
ge ?
“
( M i dsu m m e r N i gh t s Dre a m ,
’
a ct v . se .
2 30 P A RALLE L S .

Ma r k th e pe rfe c t pa ra ll e li sm Of la n gu a ge a n d su b e c t j m a t te r,
i n a sm u c h as t he
“
Thra ci a n si nger
”
wa s O rphe us ; a nd B a con

i n t ro du c e s t hi s i n c o n t e xt w i t h t he hi sto r y Of B a cc hu s . O nl y
t hr e e li n e s be fo re t he p a ssa
g e q u o te d we re a d “
He to o kt o

wi fe A ri a d n e , forsa k en a nd le ft b y T he se us . Co n si de ri n g
“
T he se u s i s t he l e a di n g o r c hi e f c ha ra c t e r i n t he M i dsu m m e r
Ni ght s Dre a m
’

,
ho w c o n vi n cin g i s t hi s c o n t e xt , w hi c h fi n ds a

fu rt he r p a ra lle l i n t he li n e s

A n d m a k e hi m w i t h fa i r JEgl e b rea k his fa i t h ,

Wi t h A ri a dn e a n d A n t i o pa
“
( M idsu m m e r N i gh t
’
s Dre a m , a ct ii . SO .

Fo r I di d pl a y
la m en t a bl e pa rt ,
a

(M a da m ) t w a s A r i a dn e pa ssi o n i n g
’

F o r Thes eu s pe rj u ry , a n d u nj u s t fl i gh t
’
.

W e G e n t l e m e n O f e ro n a V , a ct iv . se .

A n i ll m a n is a lwa y s ill ; bu t he i s t he n w o rst Of a ll w he n he

(B
”
pre t e n ds t o be a sa in t a c on
) .

O h w h a t m a y m a n w i t hi n h i m hi de ,
Thou gh a n g e l o n t h e o u t wa rd si de .

“
( M e a su re fo r M ea s u re , a ct iii . sc .

Wh a t is t
’

Id rea m on ?
O c u n n in g en em y , t ha t t o ca tc h a sa in t ,
Wi t h sa i n t s do t h b a i t t hy h o o k
“
( M e a su re fo r M ea su re , a ct ii . se .

Of t hi s, ho w e v e r, I sha ll s
pe a k p re s e n t l y u po n t he q u e st i o n

whe the r the sta rs a re rea l fires ( ” “

De sc ri p t i o n Of t he I n t e lle c t ua l
”
G lo b e , p .

“
A n o t he r q u e st i o n i s, a re the sta rs true fires ? (I but , p .

Do u b t t ho u t he sta rs a re fi r e ,
Do u b t t h a t t h e s u n do t h m o v e,

Do u b t t ru t h t o b e a li a r,

Bu t ne v er do u b t Il v o e .

11 . so .

T he sk i e s a re pa in te d w i t h u n n u m be red s pa rks ,
The y a re a v
l l fi r e , a n d e e ry o n e do t h s hin e .

(
“
J u l i us C ae sa r, a ct i ii . so .
 P A R AL LE L S . 2 31

F or the fire o f the sta i s p u re , p e rfe c t , a n d n a t i e , w here a s o u r

rs v
fi re i s de ge n e ra t e , li e k Vu l c a n t hr o w n fr o m h e a v e n a n d ha l t i n g
w i t h t he fa ll
” “
( D e sc ri p t i o n of t he I n t el e c tu a
l l Globe ,
”
p .

B ’
a c on s vi w f y e o o u n g a n d O ld m en , re p e a t s i t se l f i n pha n t om

Sh k p k y 43 “
Yo u t h
’
C a pt a i n a es e a r e s su p p o s e d w or s . Essa ,
u po n

a nd A ge ,
”
Dr A bb o t t su m s u p t hu s
“
Yo u th i s fra n k a n d si n c e r e ,

Old a ge c a u t i o u s a n d re se rv e d Yo u t h i s i n c li n e d t o r e l i gi o n
. a nd

de v oti o n b
y r e a so n o f i t s fe rv e n c , i n o l d a ge pi e t c o o ls y y .

Y o u t h i s fu ll o f pl e a sa n c e a ge i s fu ll O f c a re
,

Y o u t h lik e s u m m e r m o rn a ge l ik e w i n t er w e a th er
,

Y ou th l i k e su m m e r bra ve a ge l i k e w i n t e r b a re
, .

Y o u t h i s fu l l O f s po rt a ge s bre a t h i s sh o rt
,
’

Y ou t h i s n i m bl e a ge i s l a m e
,

Y o u t h i s h o t a n d b o l d a ge i s w e a k a n d c o l d
,

Y o u t h i s w i l d a n d a ge i s t a m e
,
.

Age I do a bh or t h e e y ou t h I do a do re t h e e
, ,

Pa ssi o n a t e Pi l gri m .

The re i s no
g r e a t e r i m p e di e n t Of a ction t ha n a n o v e r c u ri o u s
-

v
O b se r a n c e of de c e n c y ,
w hi c h i s tim e a n d se a son . Fo r a s

S o lo m o n sa y s,
‘
H e t ha t O b s e rv e t h t he w i n d sha ll n ot so w , a n d

h e t ha t re
g a r de t h t he c l o u ds sha ll n o t re a
p .
’
A m a n m u st m a k e

hi s o pp o rt u n i t y a s o ft a s fin d i t
”
(B a c on
) .

’
Le t s t a k e t h e i n st a t by t h e forw a rd t o p
n

a re O ld, a n d on ou r
qu i e k st de c re e s
’
For w e
T h e i n a u di b l e a n d n o i s e l e ss fo o t Of tim e
St ea ls e re we c a n e ffe c t t hem .

(
“
A ll
’
s W e ll t h a t E n ds W ell ,
a ct v . se .
2 32 P A R A L LE L S .

H AM LET .

Si t . Wha t ,
a n gr y , S i r Thu ri o do y o u c ha n ge co lou r ?
Va l . Gi ve hi m l e a ve, m a da m , h e i s a k i n d o f C ha m e l e on .

' ”
I\v o G e n t l e m en o f e ro n a , a c t ii V . so .

I ca n a dd c o l o u rs t o t h e C ha m e l e o n ,
Cha n g e sha pes w i t h Pro t e u s fo r a d a n t a ges v .

3 Ki n g H e n ry VI .
, a ct iii . so .

In B a con s
’ “
Wi sdo m O f t he An c i e n t s he de sc ri b e s Pr o t e u s a s
“
on e w ho c o u ld, t ur n hi m se lf i n t o a ll m a n n er Of fo rm s a nd

w o n de r s Of Na t u r e ; so m e t im e s i n t o fire , so m e tim e s i n t o w a t e r,
so m e t i m e s i n t o t he sha pe Of b ea st s a nd t he l i k e .
”

In t he S l yv a S ylva ru m (1 6 ,
360) w e fi n d B a con w ri t i n g :
“
A
Cha me leon i s a c re a t ur e a bou t t he bi gn e ss o f a n o rdi n a r y li z a r d, hi s
he a d u n p ro p o r t i o n a t el y bi g, hi s e e s grea ty . He m o v e th hi s hea d
wi t ho u t t he w ri t hi n g Of hi s n ec k ( w hi c h i s i n fl e x i bl e ) ,
a s a B oy
do t h .
”
B a con c on tin u es t o t e ll us t he C ha m e l e o n
“
cha n ges i ts
“
colou rs If he la i d u pon
g re e n , t he gr e e n pr e do m i n a t e t h if
u po n y e llo w , t he y e llo w ; la id u p o n b l a c , he l o o e t h a ll b la c k k k .

Is i t p o ssi ble
n ot i n t hu s i n t ro du c i n g t he pa ra lle l o f a H og, i n
c o n t e x t w i t h t he c ha n
ge s o f c o lo u r s i n t he Cha m e l e o n , B a c on is
sl yly a llu di n g t o hi s own di sgu i se a n d cha n ge o f co lou rs u n de r t he

na me Of H og ? It i s e vi d en t Cha m eleon i s t hu s p i c t u r e d
t he

by B a c on , a s a n a n im a l t ha t ca n di sgu i s e i t s t ru e c ha ra c t e r .

H e fe edeth n ot on ly up on a i r, t ho u gh t ha t b e hi s p ri n c ip a l su s t e n

a n c e, fo r som e t im e s he t a k eth fli e s, a s wa s sa id ; y et som e t ha t

ha ve k pt C h m l
e a e eon s a w ho le yea r t o g e t he r, c o u ld n e v er p e rc e i v e

t ha t e v th y f d
er e e u
p on a n ythi n g else bu t a i r ( Na t u ra l
“
Hi s t o r y ,
”

Ex .

Ki ng . H o w fa res ou r c ou s i n Ha m let ?
Ha m
’
. Ex c e lle n t,
’
i fa i t h , of t h e Ch a m e l e o n
’
s di sh : I ea t t he a ir pro m is d
’

e ra m m d, y o u ca n n o t fe e d ca po n s s o .

H a m le t, a ct ii . se .

Lu c re t i u s t he P o e t , w he n h e b e he ld t he a ct of Aga m e m n o n ,
t ha t c o u l d e n du r e t he sa c ri c i n g o f hi s o w n da u ght e r, e fi x c la im e d
 P ARAL LE L S . 2 33

Ta n t u m Rel i gi o p o t u i t su a de re m a l o ru m .

Wha t w o u l d he ha v e sa i d if he ha d k n o wn of t he M a ssa cre i n

F ra n ce, or the P owder Trea son o f E n gla n d H e w o u l d ha v e b e e n
se v en t i m e s m o re e pi c u r e a n d a t he i st t ha n he w a s
”
O f Un i t y
i n Re li gi o n
T hi s E ssa yi s a n exa m pl e of B ’
a c o n s c a u t i o u sn e ss i n di sc u ssi n g
r e li
gi o u s u e st i o n q
s . The re a re c e rt a i n hi st o ri c a l ev en t s w hi c h

ha pp e n e d du ri n g a B c o n s c hi ldho o d,
’
w hi c h m u st ha ve ha d a n ex

t ra o r di n a ry e ffe c t u po n hi s y ou n
g m in d . We a llu de t o t he Re v o lt
of t he Ne t he rla n ds (1 5 66 t h e de fe a t of t he T u r k s o ff L e pa n to

t he M a ssa c re Of St B a r t ho l o m e w , 1 572 . J u st a t a n

a g e w he n pre c o c i o u s c hi ldre n a r e b e gi n n i n g t o i m b i b e k n o w l e dg e ,

t ha t i s, a t t he a g e s O f si x , se v e n , e l e e n , a n d t w e l v e v y e a rs, B a con

wa s v
hea ri n g o f t h e se st i rr i n g e e n t s, a t t he b o t t o m o f w hi c h w e re
qu e st i o n s o f r e li i o n
g We ll i n de e d m u st t he re e c t i o n ha e
. fl v been
dra w n fro m hi m , “
Ala s ! Re li gi o n h o w p o w e rfu ll c ou ldst y t ho u

p r o m pt t o e vi l 1 A n d i n t he sa m e E s sa y ,
1 6 1 2, w e re a d
The q u a rr e l s a n d v
di i si o n s fo r r e li gi o n w ere e v il s un k n ow n to

t he H e a t he n a nd no ma r v el fo r i t i s t he t ru e G o d t ha t i s t h e
z ea lo u s G o d, a nd the Gods o f the H ea then were good fellows .
”
B a con

se em s to us he r e , t o fo rg e t fo r a m o m e n t hi s c a u ti on , a n d to sho w

us t he
“
na k e dn e ss o f hi s m i n d .
”
It i s pla i n he c o n t ra st s A n t i
u
q yi t w i t h hi s own t i m e s, t o v
t he e ide n t di sa d a n t a ge o f t he v
la t t e r . A n d i t i s w e ll t o n oti c e t he la rg e c la ssi c e l e m e n t e n t e ri n g

y y fi
’

i n t o t he pla s , p a rt i c u la rl t he rs t a n d la st O f t he F o li o , v i z , .

“
The T e m p e st a nd
”
y
C m b e li n e , i n e a c h O f w hi c h J up i te r i s
i n t ro du c e d a s so m e D eus ea m a chi n d . In t he E ssa y of 1 61 2
B a c on c on tin u e s
“
Ne i t he r i s t he r e su c h a si n a
g i n st t he H o l
a y
G ho st (i f o n e s ho u l d ta k e i t li t e ra ll y) ,
a s i n st e a d o f t h e li e n e ss k
of a dov e , t o bri n g hi m do w n i n t he li k e n e ss o f a Vu ltu re or Ra ven
n o r su c h a s c a n da l t o t he i r Chu r c h a s ou t o f t he ba r k Of St P e t e r
”
to se t fo rt h t he fla g fa
o ba rge of P i ra tes a nd A ssa ssi n s . In p a ss

C o m pa re h o w H a m l e t fa l l s i n t o t h e h a n ds of P i ra tes (a c t iv . SO 6)
v
.

Ere w e w ere t w o da y s Old a t se a , a p i ra te O f ery w a rli k e a pp o i n t m e n t

v ”
g a e u s c h a se , & c .
2 34 P A RA L L E L S .

i n g , le t u s n o ti c e we r e p ea t e dl y fi d t hi n s Ra ven , i n t ro du c e d i n
Ro si c ru c i a n li t e ra t u re , i n so m y m b li
e s o ca l se n se c o n n e c t e d a p pa r
e n tl y w ith p ersecu ti o n or da n ger In t he C hy m i ca
. l Nu pt i a l s O f
Chri s t i a n Ro s yC ro s s (pu b li she d i n M r E W a i t e s Re a l H i st o r.
’
y
Of t he Ro si c ru c i a ns t hi s Ra v en i s p ro m i n e n t l i n t ro du c e d y .

We s ho uld li k e he r e t o p o i n t o u t a pa ra ll e l (i n t he pla y of

Ha m le t
”
) t o t he l i n e q u o te d by B a con fr o m “
L u c re t i u s De
Re ru m Na t u ra ,
I . 95) a s t o t he sa c ri fi cin g Of A ga m e m n o n
’
s

da u
ght e r
. J
H a m 0 e ph t ha h , j u dg e O f sra e l , w h a t I a t re a s u re h a ds t t h o u !
P o l W h a t a t re a s u re ha d h e , m y l o rd
.

H a m Why , .

O n e fa i r da u gh t e r, a n d n o m o re ,
The w h i c h h e l o v dp
e a ss i n g w e ll .

P ol .
[A side] S t i ll on m y da u gh t e r .

Ha m . Am I n ot
’
i t he ri gh t , Ol d e pht h a h ? J
P ol If y o u
. ca J
ll m e e ph t ha h , m y l o rd, ha I v e a da u ght er t ha t I
pa ss i n g w e ll .

Ha m . Na y , t h a t fol l o w s n ot .

P ol .W ha t follo ws ,
t h e n , m y l o rd ?
Ha m W hy
.
,

As by l o t , G o d w o t ,
a nd t he n , y o u k n o w ,
It ca m e t o pa ss , a s m o st l i k e i t w a s ,
t he fi rst t he pi o u s
ro w O f c h a n so n w i ll sho w y ou m o re ; fo r l o o k , w h e re m y
a b ri dge m e n t c o m e s .

“
( H a m le t ,
a c t 11 . se .

The re i s dogma ti c elemen t f i n ty a bo u t P o lo n i u s c ha ra c t e r

’
a o ce rta

w hi c h m u st ha v e st r u c k a ll s t u de n t s of
“
Ha m le t .
”
Ar e w e s u re

t he f
r e e re n c e s to Wi t t e n b e rg (t hri c e ) y
i n t hi s pla do n o t r e fe r t o
t he Re fo rm a t i o n a nd L u t he r ? P o lo n i u s a n sw e rs t o w ha t i s
su m m ed up by H a m l e t , a s
“
\Vo rds, “o rds Wo rds
f
,
. H e t hu s

p r e se n t s a
pa ra lle l t o t he i n fa llib i li t y a n d e n dle ss v e rb a l do gm a s
O f t he Pa pa c y ,
a s it e xi st e d a b o u t t hi s t i m e . B a c on w ri t e s u po n

a u t ho ri t y
No w ,
Of a ll t he e n em ie s t ha t ha v e c o n t ri b u te d t o t he di v o rc e

b e t w e e n t he i n t e lle c t a nd t he w o rld, a u thori ty i s t he m o st fo rm i d

a b le . A u thori ty ha s su bst i t u t e d t he li tt le w o rl d Of t hi s or t ha t

p hi l o so p he r fo r t he gre a t a n d c om m on w o rld i t ha s e n c o u ra g e d
 P A RA L L E L S . 2 35

i n do l e n c e a n d su pp re ss e d in q iyu r . A u t h o ri t ym u st t he re fo re be

fi r st
p u lle d do w n fro m he r t hro n e b e fo r e t ru t h c a n r e i gn su pre m e
in t he r e a lm O f p hilo so ph n t ro d E s sa s,
”
y
L XX , A bb o tt ) I . y . .

M a rti n L u ther, c o n du c t e d ( d
noo u b t ) y
b a n hi h e r
g p ro v i de n c e , .

bu t i n di scou rse of rea son , &c .

”
(
“
A d v
a n c e m e n t o f L e a rn i n g,
”
oo B k
I.
,
iv .

A b e a st t h a t w a n ts di sc ou rse of r ea s on

Wo u l d h a ve m o u rn d l o n ge r
’
.

H a m l et , a ct 1 . se .

Or is y o u r bl o o d
S o m a dl y h o t , t h a t no di scou r se f
o r e a son

Nor fe a r Of ba d s u c c ess , in a ba d c a u se ,

Ca n qu a l i fy t h e sa me
Tro i l u s a nd C re ssi da ,
a ct ii . se .

Upo n t he sa me c o lu m n a nd p a ge , t h e u o t a t i o n fr o m t he q
t ra ge d y Of
“
Ha m l e t
”
a ppe a rs , w e fi n d W i t t e n b e rg i n t ro du c e d

three ti me s
Fo r yo u r i n t en t
In g o i n g b a c k t o s c h o ol i n Wi tten ber g,
It i s m o s t re t ro gra de t o o u r de si re .

(Ac t i . se .

A n d w h a t m a k e y ou fro m Wi tte n berg , H ora t i o

(A c t i . SO .

Co n si de ri n g W i t te n b e rg wa s w h e re M a rt i n L u t he r bu rn t t he
P o pe ’
s B u l l, i t m a y, i n de e d, b e t a e n a s a k n e m bl e m o f t he B e fo r
m a t io n mo v em e n t T he re fo re , t o fi n d
. . B a con c o u p li n
g M a rt i n
L u t he r w i t h a pa ra ll e l e xp re s si o n w hi c h w e r e fin d in t he pla y
Of Ha m le t di sc ou rse O f r e a so n
p o n t he u sa me c o lu m n , a n d

on l y a fe w l i n e s se pa ra t e d fro m W i tt e n b e rg , i s a c u ri o u s con n ec

t i o n O f m i n d w hi c h, I do n ot do u b t , w i ll b e p e rc e i v e d An .

a sso c i a t i on of i de a s, a n d a c o n n o t a t i o n o f t ho u g ht , m a y a lm o st b e

t ra ced he r e , viz .
,
“
M a r ti n L uther,
” “
di scour se o f rea son ,
”
Wi t
ten berg . The fi rst t w o w e fin d B a con c o n n o ti n
g, t he la st t w o
S ha k e sp e a r e . T he mi ddle term i s c om m o n to b ot h B
a con a n d

t he a u t hor O f t he p l a y s .
2 36 P A RA L L E L S .

O f di vi n a t i o n of t he so u l, B a c on w ri te s Whi c h t he re
”
fo re a pp e a re t h m ost i n sl e e p , in ecs ta sies, a nd n ea r dea t h

(
“
A dv a n c em e n t Of L ea rn i n
g,
”
B kV oo ., xi .

v
Th i s i s t h e e ry c o i n a g e o f y o ur b ra i n ,
Thi s b odil es s c rea t i o n ecs ta s y i s e ry c u n n i n g i n v ”
.

H a m l e t, a c t 11 . so.

O t hello (a ct v . se . 1 ) fa lls i n a tra n ce , p r o du c e d by I a go w or k

ing u po n hi s j ea l ou s y I . a
go sa y s to O t he llo

I sh i fte d hi m a wa y
x
,

A n d l a i d g o od e c us e s u p o n y ou r ecs ta sy .

(A c t iv . se .

The p a ssi on s of the mi nd w o r u p o n t he b o d , t he i m pre ssi o n s k y

fo llo w i n g F e a r c a u se t h p a l e n e ss ; t re m bli n g ; the sta n di n g of the
.

ha i r up ri ght ; sta r ti n g S l yv a Syl v a ru m ,

”
Ex p .

T hy k n o t t e d a n d c om bi n e d l o c k s t o p a rt ,
A nd e a ch pa r ti c u la r ha i r to s ta n d on en d ,

L i k e qu i ll s u po n t he fre t fu l po rpe n t i n e .

H a m le t , a ct i . so .

You r bedd ed ha i r lik e l i fe i n e xc re m en ts

S ta r t up a n d s ta n d o n e nd .

Ha m le t , act ii i . se .

a nd si
Gri ef pa in c a u se ghi n g, so bbi n g, groa n i n g, s c rea m i n g,
a n d roa ri n g S l yv a Syl va ru m ,
Ex p .

He c ri e d a l m o st t o r oa ri n g .
'

An t o n y a nd Cl e o pa tra , a ct m . se .

La u ghi n g c a u se t h sha ki n
g of t he b rea st a n d sides

S l yv a Sy lv a ru m ,
”

Y o u r L ord , Im ea n —la u ghs fro m fre e l u n gs , c ri es Oh ,

Ca n m y sides h old .

C ym be li n e , a ct i . se .

B a con wa s e v i de n t l y a de e p st u de n t O f t he P AS S I O NS O F T HE

M IN D, a nd t hi s is j u st w ha t w e s ho u ld e x pe c t of a D ra ma tic
A rtist, Ob se r v i n g c l o se l y hu m a n na t u re , in o rde r to c rea te
 P A RA LL E L S . 2 37

It i s m a n ife st t ha t fli e s , sp i de rs, a n t s, o r t he li k e sm a ll c re a

t u r e s fa l li n g by c ha n c e in to a mber or t he gu m o f trees Life a nd

”
De a t h,

T he i r e ye s pu rgi n g t hi c k a m ber a nd p lu m tree gu m

-
.

”
Ha m le t , a c t i i . sc .

It i s a n O b se rva ti on a m o n gst c ou n t r yp e o p le , t ha t y e a rs o f

st o re o f H a ws a nd H ip s do c om m on l y p ort e n d c o l d w i n t ers, a nd

t he y a sc ri b e
’
i t t o God s P rovi den ce , tha t (
a s t he S c ri p t u re sa i t h)
rea cheth even to the fa lli n g o f a sp a rrow y
S l v a Sy lv a ru m ,
”
Exp .

7 37 )

H a m le t . No t a whi t , w e de fy a u gu r y: the re
’
s a sp ec i a l p r ovi den ce i n the f a ll
f
o a sp a r r o w . H a m le t , a ct v . S O.

Bu t Ifi n d i n Plu t a rc h a n d o t he r s , t ha t w he n A u gu stu s Caesa r

vi si t e d t he s e pu l c hr e Of A lexa n der the Gr ea t, i n A le xa n dri a ,

he
fo u n d t he b o d yt ko e ep hi s di m e n si o n y
S lv a S yl v a ru m ,
”
Ex .

Ha m . Do st t h ou t hi n k A l e x a n de r l o o k e d 0
’
t hi s fa shi o n i t h e
’
e a rt h ?
H or
’
. E e n so .

H a m A n d sm e l t so pa h
.
[P u ts do wn the sk u ll .

H or E e n so , m y l o rd
’
. .

H a m T o w h a t b a se u se s w e m a y re t u rn , H o ra t i o ? Wh y m a y n o t i m a gi
.

x
n a t i o n t ra c e t h e n o b l e du s t O f Al e a n de r, t i ll h e fi n d i t s t o ppi n
g a b u n
g h o l e ? -

H or T w ere t o c o n s ide r t o o c u ri o u sl y , t o c o n si der s o

’
. .

H a m NO , fa i t h , n o t a j o t b u t t o fo l l o w h i m t hi t h er w i t h m o de st y e n ou gh ,
.
-

x
a n d l i k e l ih o o d t o l e a d i t : a s t hu s : Al e a n der di e d, Al e a n de r w a s b u ri e d, x
Al e x i n t o du st ; t he du st i s e a rt h ; O f e a rt h w e m a k e l o a m
a n de r re t u rn e t h

v
a n d w h y O f t h a t l o a m , w h e re t o h e w a s c o n ert e d, m i gh t t h e y n o t s t o p a b e e r

b a rre l ?
Im p e ri a l C ae sa r, de a d a nd t u ru d t o
’
y c la ,

M i gh t st o p a h ole t o ke e p t h e w i n d a wa y
0 , t h a t t ha t e a rt h , w hi c h k e pt t h e w o rl d i n a w e ,
Sh ou ld pa t c h a x
w a ll t o e pe l t h e w i n t e r s fla w
’

Ha m le t ,
”
a ct v . se .

No t e t he j
su b e c t i s i de n t i c a l, A lexa n der s dea d body a n d
viz .
,
’

A u gu stu s Caesa r (t ha t i s, I mp eri a l Ca esa r) i n bo t h u ota tion s q .

H a m l e t p u t s t he q u e st i o n t o t he gra v e di gge r
2 38 P A R /1 L LE L S .

’
Ha m H o w l o n g w ill a m a n l i e i t h e ea rt h e re h e ro t ?
—
.

F i rs t Cl o 1 fa i t h , i f h e b e n o t ro t te n b e fo re h e di e a s w e h a e m a n y
’
. v
po c k y c o rses n o w a da y s ,
-
t h a t w i-
l l sc a r c e h o ld t h e l a yi n g i n —h e will l a s t y ou
s o m e e i ht
g y ea r o r n i n e y e a r a ta n n e r w i ll l a s t yo u n in e y ea r .

Ha m . Why b e m o re t h a n a n o t he r
F i rs t Cl o . Wh y ,
s i r, h i s hi de i s so ta n n ed wi t h h i s tra de , t ha t h e w il l k e e p
ou t wa t e r a grea t w hil e ; a nd y o u r w a ter i s a s or e deca yer f your
o w hor eso n

dea d bod y .
(A c t v . SO .

t o i n du c e a nd a c c e le ra
The m e a ns te p u t re fa c t i o n a re firs t
by a ddi n g some cru de or wa tery moi stur e
”
(E x .3 29, “
Na t ura l

Tha t a S a tyr m ay be a truer ta ble O f a m a n s life t ha n m a

’
n y su c h

hi st o ri e s (L i b .
, p 9 3II
,
“
A.d a n c e m e n t o f L ea rn i n ,
.
g v”

SO ex c e l le n t a kin g t h a t wa s, t o t h is ,
H ype ri o n t o a S a t yr .

H a m le t , a ct 1 . se .

T he t w o la st a c t s, w hi c h y o u di d fo r m e , i n pro c u ri n g t he

r e l e a se m e n t of my fi ne a n d m y Qu i etus est
”
(L e t t e r C XXX X I .
,

1 7 02 )
W he n h e h i m sel f m i gh t h i s qu i e tu s m a k e
Wi t h a b a re b o dk i n .

“
( H a m let , a ct ii i . se .

It i s t he l i fe O f a n or or bea s t a lwa ys to ea t, a nd ne v er t o e x e rc i s e

bu t m e n a re b o rn (e sp e c i a ll y Ch i r st a n i m en ) n ot to c ra m i n t he i r

fo rt u n e s, bu t to exe rci se thei r vi rtue s

(L e t t e r LX X X I .
,
17

Wha t is a ma n,

If hi s c hi e f g o o d a nd m a rk e t Of hi s t im e
Be b u t t o sl e e p a n d f eed A bea s t, n o m or e .

S u re , h e t h a t m a de u s w i t h su c h la rg e dis c o ur s e ,
L o o k i n g b e fo re a n d a ft e r , ga e u s n o t v
T ha t c a pa b il i t y a n d G od lik e rea s o n -

T o f u s t i n u s u n u s ed .

H a m le t , a ct iv . so .

We s ee t he Swi tzers la st w e ll n o t w i t hst a n di n

g t he ir di e rs i t v y
O f r e li gi o n

Whe re a re m y S wi tzers ?
“
( Ha m l e t , a ct iv . se .
 PARAL LE L S . 2 39

An d le t a ma n bewa re ho w he k e e p e t h c o m pa n y wi t h cho leri c

a nd rrelsom e
qua p erso ns for they wi ll en ga ge hi m i n to thei r own

qu a rrels

B e wa re o f en tr a n ce to a qu a rre l .
“
( H a m let ,
a ct i . se .

A n d i n hi s di sc o ur s e let hi m be ra ther a dvi sed i n hi s a n swers

” “
tha n forwa rd to tell stori es ( A dv i c e on

Gi v v
e e er y ma n t hi n e ea r b u t fe w t h y vi
o ce.

H a m l et, Ib .
)

F or the common e
p po le u n dersta n d n o t ma n y exc ellen t vi rtu es t he
l o w e st v i rt u e s
dra w pra i se fro m t h e m , t he m i ddl e v i rt u e s w o r i n k
t he m a st o n i shm e n t o r a dm i ra t i o n b u t O f t h e hi ghe st i rt u e s v
y v
t h e ha e n o s e n se o r p e rc e i v i n g a t a ll B u t Shows a n d Sp eci es .

“
vi rtu ti bu s si m i les serve best wi th them ( P ra i se

To sp l i t th e e a rs O f t h e grou nd li n gs w h o fo r t h e m o st pa rt a r e ca p a ble f
o
”
n o thi n g bu t i n exp li ca ble du m b sh ows a n d n oi se H a m l e t , a c t ii . . se .

Ce r t a i n l yh e t ha t ha t h a S a ti ri ca l vei n , a s he m a k e t h o t he r s

a fra i d Of hi s w i t , so he ha d n eed be a fra i d o f o t he r s

’
m em or y ”

“
( O f Di sc o ur s e
S l a n de rs , s i r, for t h e sa ti r i ca l ro gu e sa ys h e re t h a t
”
Ol d m e n ha v e gre y
b e a rds, t h a t t h e ir fa c es a re w ri n k l e d . H a m le t , a ct ii . se .

The e xp e c ta t i on [ of de a t h] bri n gs t e rro r, a nd t ha t e x c e e ds

”
t he e vi l

Bu t t h a t t h e dre a d O f so m e t hi n g a ft er de a t h ,
The u n di s c o v e r
’
d c ou n tr y fro m w h o se b ou rn e
NO t ra v ll
e e r re t u rn s , pu z zl e s t h e w i ll .

“
( H a m let , a ct i ii . so .

He ha d M oles p e rp e t u a lly
su c h w or i n g k an d c a st i n
g to un de r

( Hi st o ry Ki n g He n ry
” “
m i n e hi m p 2 4
. 0,

W e ll sa id Ol d M o le , c a n st
’
w o rk in t h e grou n d so fa st ?
A w o rt h y P i on eer .

H a m l e t, a ct i . 80 .
2 40 P A RA L L E L S .

Why t he n m a y w e n ot v
di i de phi lo so ph i n to t w o pa rt s , t he y
m i ne a nd t he fu rn a c e, a nd ma k
e t w o p ro fe ssi o n s o r o c c u a t i o n s o f
p
Na t u ra l Phi lo so phe rs , p i on e ers or workers i n the m i ne a n d sm i t hs o r

re fi n e rs ?
”
(B o o k III .
,
”
De Au gm e n t i s, c ha p i i i , p . . .

It i s v er yw e ll w o rt h y n ote t he a bo v qe u o ta t i o n i s fr o m Ba con

“ ”
Sp i ri ts, b e c a u se t he Gho st O f Ha m l e t s Fa t he r i s a Sp i ri t,
’
u po n

a n d i s i n t r o du c e d a s w o r i n
g se c r e t l i n t he
g rou n k
d a s a pi on eer or y
mole i n the m i ne of the ea r th .

Bu t t he se t hre e b e t he t ru e Sta ges of S ci en ces, a n d a re to m en

s w e lle d u p w i t h t h e i r o w n n o w le d e ,
g k a nd a da ri n g i n so le n c e , t o
in v a de He a v en , li k e t he t hr e e hi lls of t he gi a n ts .

T e r su n t c o n a t i i m p o n e re P e li O O ssa m ,
S c i li c e t a t qu e O ssae fro n do su m i n o l e re O ly m pu m v v .

Tw o B k oo s Ad v a n c em e n t of L ea rn i n
g, II .
, p 7.

C o m pa re

L oer tes . No w p i le y o u r du s t u po n t h e qu i e k e a nd de a d,
Ti ll of t hi s fla t
m o u n ta i n y o u h a
a v e m a de ,

T o o e rt o p O l d P e l i o n , o r t h e sk yi sh h e a d
’

O f bl u e Olymp u s .

H a m le t . L e t t h e m t h ro w
M i l li o n s O f a c re s o n u s t i ll ou rgrou n d,
S i n g e i n g hi s p a t e a ga i n s t t he bu rn i n g z o n e ,
Ma k e Ossa l i k e a w a rt .

“
( Ha m l e t , a c t v . sc .

It i s w e ll w o r t h y n otin
g t ha t P eli on , Ossa , a n d Olymp u s a re
b ro u ght i n t o g e t her i n c o n t e x t , a n d i t c a n ha rdl b e do u bt fu l y
t ha t t he a u t ho r O f t he pa ssa g e fro m
“
Ha m l e t
”
ha d t he q u o ta

t i o n fro m t he l st G e o rgi e o f Vi rgi l i n hi s m i n d w hi c h B a con

gi v es .

“ “
A n d, t he re fo re , i t i s g o o d a li ttle to be fa mi li a r
( Ce r e m o n i e s
a n d Re sp e c t s

Be t h o u fa m i l i a r b u t by no m ea ns v ulga r .

Ha m l e t , a ct i . so .

T hi s i s q ua li fi
by w ha t pr e c e de s i t
ed

A n d, t he re fo r e , i t i s go o d a li tt le t o k e e p st a te
 P A RA L L E L S . 2 4x

Re pri m e t e p a u lu lu m , e t di gn i t a t e m t u e m , e e p st a t e —r e pre ss k
’

y o u rs e lf a li t t l e a n d e ep o u r di gn i t k (T h e L ayt i n e di t i o n 1 6 38 , y
O p e ru m M o ra li u m et Ci v ili u m

(Thi s 1 6 38 L a t i n e di t i o n di ffe r s fro m ll t he pre c e di n g e di t i o n s

a

of B a con s
’
y
pro v e s he w a
E ssa s, a n d s e m e n da t i n g w o r s whi ch were k
to be p osthu mou sly pu bli shed ) .

A n d, i t m a y b e , y ou sha l l do p o st e ri t yg o o d, if o u t Of t he ca r

li o n ) t he r e
’
ca
(
se o f de a d a n d r o t t e n gre a t n e ss a s o u t Of Sa m so n s

m a y b e ho n e yg a t he re d fo r t he u se o f fu t u r e t i m e s (Ba c o n ) .

’
Ti s s e ldo m w h en t h e bee do t h l e a v e h er com b

I n the dea d c a rr i o n
IV
.

H e n ry .
,
a ct iv . so .

For i f t h e su n b re e d m a gg o t s i n a de a d do g , b e i n g a G o d ki s si n g
-
ca rr i on .
*

Ha m let .

DE M O NA X , t he p hi lo so phe r, w he n he di e d, w a s a s e d t o u c hi n g k
hi s b u r i a l H e a n sw e re d, Never ta ke ca re for bu ryin g me, for sti n k
.

wi ll bu ry m e (Bl a c kb o u rn e
’
s W o rk s ,
V i p. . .

Bu t i n de e d, i f y o u fi n d hi m n o t w i t hi n t h i s m o n t h, y ou sh a ll n os e hi m a s
”
y o u g o u p t h e sta ir s i n t o t h e l o bb y H a m l e t , a c t i v so . . .

An d a s w ho l e so m e m e a t c o rru pt e t h t o li t t l e w o rm s so
g ood

fo rm s a n d o rde r s c o rru pt in to a n u m ber o f p e tt y O b se rv a n c e s

S u p e rs t i t i o n
Ki n g No w , H a m l e t , w h e re
’
. s Po l o n i u s ?
Ha m . At su ppe r .

Ki n g A t . su p pe r ? Wh ere ?
Ha m . No t w h e re h e ea t s , b u t w h ere h e i s ea ten , a c e rt a in c on v oc a ti on of

w o rm s a re e e n a
’
t hi m . Y o u r w o rm is you r o n l y Em pe ro r fo r di e t .

”
Ha m let , a ct iv . se .

The hi st o r y Of v
pr o i de n c e c o n t a i n e t h t ha t e x c e ll e n t c o rre

w hi c h i s d Hi s
’
s p o n de n c e b e t w e e n G o d s r e v e a l e d wi ll a n s e c re t

w i ll , w hi c h t ho u gh i t be so O b s c u r e a s, fo r t he m o st pa rt , i t i s n ot

Fo r c o rru pt i o n i s a l t o g e n e ra t i o n
re c i pro c a A n d t h e y t w o a re a s.

”
b o u n da ri e s ; a n d t h e g u i de s t o l i fe a n d de a t h
’
na t u re s t w o t e rm s, or

N a t u ra l H i s t o ry
2 42 P A RA L LE L S .

le gible t o t he na t u ra l m a — n o n orn, ma n y t i m e s t o t ho se w ho

be ho ld i t fro m t he t a b e rn a c le —y e t ,
a t so m e t i m e s i t p lea se t h

G o d, fo r o ur b e tt e r e sta bli shm e n t , a nd t he c o n fu t i n

g Of t ho s e
w hi c h a re a s wi t ho u t G o d i n t he w o rld, t o w r i t e i t i n su c h x
te t

a n d ca
pi ta l l e t te rs t ha t a s t he p ro phe t sa s, y H e t ha t ru n n e t h

m a y r ea d i t
’ “
v
( Ad a n c e m e n t O f L e a rn i n g,
”
B k II
oo .
,
ii i .

'
v
Th e re s a di i n i t y t ha t s ha pe s o u r e n ds ,

Ro u gh h e w t h e m h o w w e wi ll .

Ha m le t, a ct v . se .

We a re i n G od s h a
’
n ds .

Ki n g H e n ry V .
,
a ct iii . sc .

I m i ght sa
y m u ch Of t he c o m m o di t i e s t ha t dea t h ca n se ll

a ma n, b u t b ri e fly d ea th is a fri e n d O f o u rs , a n d he tha t is n ot rea dy

to en te rta i n hi m i s no t a t home Dea t h
i f i t be i t w i ll be
’
If i t b e n ow, t is n ot to c om e n ot to c om e, n ow i f i t be
n ot n ow , ye t i t w i ll c om e the r ea di n es s i s a ll . Ha m l e t , a ct v . se .

M e n m u st e n du re

The ir g o i n g h en c e , e v en a s t he i r c om in g hi th e r
Rip en ess i s a ll
v
.

Ki n g Lea r, a ct . so .

In a l e t t e r t o Ki n g J a m e s (c o n c e rn i n g P e a c ha m
’
s t ri a l) B a con

w ri t e s
“
I ho ld i t fi t t ha t m y s e lf a n d m y fe llo w s go t o t he

T o w e r, a n d so Ip p ur o se to e x a m i n e hi m u po n t he s e p o i n t s a nd

s o m e o t h e rs . I t hi k n a lso , i t w e re n ot a m i ss t o m a k e a f a lse fire ,

a s i f a ll t hi n gs w e re re a d yf or hi s g o i n g do w n t o hi s t ria l,
”
&c .

W o rks ,
v .

O phe li a . T he Kin g ri s e s .

H a m le t . W ha t ,
fri gh t ed w i t h f a ls e fi re
H a m le t , a ct ii . se .

An d t he r e fo re w e se e t ha t v o lu p t u o u s m e n t u rn fri a rs , a nd

(B k I
” “
a m bi tiou s P ri n ce s tur n m e la n choly oo .
, p 71,. A dv a n c em en t

of L ea r n i n g,
”
Wri ght ) .
 P A RA L LE L S . 2 43

Ki n g
’
. Th e re s s o m e t hi n g i n hi s sou l ,

O w hi c h hi s m e l a b ro o d
’
er n chol y si t s o n .

H a m le t . Si r, Il a ck a dv a n c em e n t .

Ha m le t , a ct ii i . se .

M y l e t t e rs ou t o f t he T o w e r w e re De P rofu n di s a nd the world

is a p ri son (L e t t er t o B kiuc n
g ha m , 2 2n d J u n e

Ga i l . Pri so n , m y L o rd ?
Ha m
’
. De n m a rk s a pri so n .

Rosi n . Th e n i s t h e w o rld on e .

Ha m . A g o o dl y on e, in w hi c h t h ere a re ma n y c on fin es , w a rds , a nd
”
d u n ge o n s . Ha m let , a ct ii . se .

T hi s ki n d O f o pp r e ssi o n wa s w on t a l so t o b e re s e m b le d to
”
sp on ges, w hi c h b e i n g dry su ck in stron gly ; n ot so b e i n g m o i st

(Pa ra bl e xx i v .
,
B k VIII
oo .
, p 39 0,
.
“
Ad va n c e m en t Of Lea rn i n
g,
1 64 0)

H a m le t . B e si de s t o b e de m a n de d o f a sp o n ge , w ha t re pli c a tion sh o u l d be
m a de by t h e so n O f a ki n g ?
R osen cra n tz . Ta k e y o u m e fo r a sp on ge , m y L o rd
H a m le t . I ,
s i r , t h a t s oa ks u p the Ki n g s c ou n ten a
’
n ce , hi s r ew a r ds, hi s
a u thor i ti es (bu t su c h fi
O f c e rs do t h e Ki n g b e st se r vi ce i n the en d ) . Wh e n he
n e e ds w ha t you h a v e gl e a n e d, i t is b u t s qu e ez i n g y ou a n d sp on e
g y o u sha ll be
dry a ga i n .
(Ac t i i s o . .

The m o de rn la n gua ge s g i e u n t o v su c h p e rso n s, t he na me of

“
F a vou ri tes o r P ri va does ( Fr i e n dshi p
In “
Ha m l e t
”
we ha v e t he C o u rt i ers Rosen cra n tz a nd Gu i lden stern ,
w ho a re u n do u b t e dl y th e Ki n g s
’ “
fa vou ri tes .
”

Ha m . G u i l de n st e rn ? Ah , Ro se n c ra n tz ! G o o d l a ds , h o w do y e b o th ?
R os . A s t h e i n di ffe ren t c h il dre n O f th e e a rth .

Gu i l . H a ppy, i n t h a t w e a re n o t o v h a ppy
er

O n fo rt u n e
’
s ca p w e a r e n o t t h e ery v b u tt o n .

Ha m . No r t h e so l e s O f h e r sh o e ?
R os . N e i t h er ,
m y l o rd .

Ha m v
Th e n y o u li e a b ou t h e r w a i st , or i n t h e m i ddl e Of h er fa v o u r.

F
.

Ga i l . a i th h e r p r i va tes w e .

(Ac t 11 . S O.
2 44 P A RAL L E LS .

In t he La t i n v e rsi o n O f t he Essa y s, t he w o rd
“
P ri va does is
re n de re d A m i coru/m Regi s (fri e n ds o f t he Ki n g ) , j u st w ha t t he

c o u rt i e r s Ro se n c ra n t z a n d G u i lde n s te rn r e a ll a y re . An d w e
wa nt to k n ow w hy B a con wa s c o n t in u a ll y a lt e ri n g t he su c c e ssi v e

e di t i o n s O f t he E s sa y s, pu t t i n
g i n j
u s t t he s e fi n e t o u c he s w hi c h

se e m to c o rr o b o r a te c o n t a c t w i t h t he
p l a s ? W a s t hi s o n e y
of hi s de si gn s ?

S P U R, S P U RRE D, & c .

An e x pr e ssi o n c om m o n a nd p e c u li a r to b o t h B a con a nd t he

y
pla s i s t he si m i le Of t he w o rd “
sp u r, sp u rs, a s p ri cks a nd i n os u
tiv e s t o a c ti on .

It i s a n O ffe n c e ( y
m L o rds
) t ha t ha t h t he t w o sp u rs Of

O ffe n di n Re su e
g : sp es p erfi ci en di a n d sp es ce la n di (p . 5 9 , P a rt I .
,

Ea c h m a n t o h i s s t e e l , wi t h t ha t sp u r a s h e w ou l d t o t h e l i p Of hi s m i str e ss .

“ ”
( Ti m o n O f At h e n s )

Bu t l o v e wi ll n ot b e sp u rr d t o w ha t i t l oa t h es
’
.

Tw o G e n t l e m e n o f Ve ro n a , a ct v . sc .

W ha t n e ed we a n y sp u r , bu t o u r o w n c a u se ,

T O pr i c k us to re dre ss ?
(
“
J u l i us C aesa r, a ct ii . se .

The v e n om
’
d v e n g e a n c e ri de u po n o u r s w o rds ,

Sp u r t h e m t o ru t hfu l w o rk , re i n t h e m fro m ru t h .

Th O il u s
‘
a nd Cress ida , a ct v . se .

As if t he re w e re t w o ho rs e s, a nd t he on e w o u ld do b e t t e r

wi t ho u t t he sp ur t ha n t he o t he r ; b u t
ga i n , t he o t he r wi t h t he a

sp u r w o u l d fa r e x c e e d t he do i n g o f t he fo rm e r, gi v i n g hi m t he

sp u r a l so ; y e t t he la t te r wi ll b e u d e d t o b e t he b e tt e r ho rs e ,
g j
Th e com
po si t i o n , c orre c t i o n ,
a n d a u gm e n ta ti o n Of t h es e Essa ys stre tc h ed
o ver a p e ri o d o f t hir t y y ea rs . M r M a rt i n ha s n o te d a n d t ra n sl a ted a ll t h e
i m po rta nt v i a r a t i o n s i n t h e fi fty -
si x Es sa ys c om m on t o t h e t wo edi t i o ns th ese
a m ou n t to vo er 1 9 00 i n n u m b er I
( n tro d Arbe r s
.
,
’
H a rm o n y of the
 P A RA L L E L S . 2 45

a nd us h, the life o
t he fo rm a s
y T
to sa f thi s horse i s but i n the sp u r
,

C o l ou r s O f G o o d a n d E i l,
”
v
G lo r y a nd ho n ou r a re t he goa ds a n d sp u rs to v i rt u e Co lo u rs
of Good a nd E il,v ”

Sh e i s a t he m e Of h on ou r a n d re n o w n

A sp u r t o v lia a nt a nd m a gn a n i m ou s de e ds .

Tro i l u s a nd Cre ssida ,

a c t 1 1 . so.

Fi n ds b ro t h e rh o o d i n t h ee n o sh a rpe r sp u r ?
“
( Ri c ha rd II .
, a ct 1 . se .

H e t i res b e t i m e s , t h a t sp u/rs t o o fa st b et i m es .

“
( Ri c h a rd II .
,
a c t 1 1 . S O.

F ro m v
gi i n g re i n s a n d sp u rs t o m y fre e sp e e c h .

Ri c h a rd II .
, a ct 1 . SO .

Who so e v e r ha t h a n yt hi n g fi x e d i n hi s p e rso n t ha t do t h i n du c e
c on t emp t , ha t h a l so a p e rp e t u a l spu r i n hi m se lf t o r e sc u e a n d
v
de li e r hi m se lf fro m sc o r n
(
“
De fo rm i t y
Ih v a e n o sp u r

To p r i ck the si des o f m y i n te n t, b u t onl y

V a u lt i n
g a m b i t i o n , wh i c h
’
o er -
l e a p s i t se l f,
A n d fa ll s
’
on th o t he r .

“
( M a c b e t l1 , a ct 1 . SO .

Bu t y e t , n e v e rt he l e s s, i t di d t a k fro m hi s p a r t , t ha t gr e a t
e O ff y
tie a n d sp ur o f n ec essi ty to fi ght ,
a nd
g o i c t o rs o u v
t o f t h e e l d fi
(
“
H i st o r y Of Ki n g H e n r
pa g e 1 4 5 , e d y .

v
Bu t y e t , n e e rt he l e ss, t he s e p o si t i o n s F a ber qu i sques fortu n es
su re , sa p i en s dom i n a bi tu r a stri s i n vi a vi rtu ti n u lla est vi a , a nd t he

li k e k
bei n g t a d en a n u s e d a s sp u rs to i n du stry
”
A dv a n c e m e n t of

i g B k II p
”
L ea rn n ,
oo .
,
. 9 3,
Se condl y i t d iv ,
ece es b e c a u se n e c e ssi t y ,
a nd t hi s sa me j a cta est

a lea ,
a w k a th p w
en s e o e rs O f t he M i n d, a nd p u ts the sp u rs to a n y
“
en terp ri se ( C o lo u r s of G o od a nd Ev i l, L i b VI , p 2 8 9 , . . .

Ad v a n c em en t Of L e a rn i n g
“
A s fo r t he t i m e s su c c e e di n I
g ( m e a n a ft e r t he t hi rt i e t h e a r y
of he r r e i gn
) ,
t ho u gh i n de e d o u r fe a r o f Spa i n , w hi c h ha d be e n
2 46 P A R AL L E L S .

” “
t he sp u r to t hi s ri
g o ur
(Eli za b e t h, p . 1 5 0, Re su sc i ta t i o ,
1 67 1 )
’
She s t i c kl ed n ow, h e r fu m e n e e ds n o sp u r s ,
’
Sh e ll g a l lo p fa r e n o u gh t o h e r de s t ru c t i o n .

2 Ki n g H e n ry VI .
,
a ct i . sc .

B e si de s , su c h e x c e s se s do e x c i t e a n d sp u r n a t u re , w hi c h t he r e

u po n ri s e t h m o re fo r c i bl y a
g i n s t t he di s ea
a se S l yv a Sy l v a ru m ,
”

Ex .

H o w a ll o cca s i o n s do i n fo rm a
ga i n st m e ,
A n d sp u r m y du ll re e n g e v “
( Ha m let , a ct iv . se .

BA CON S ’ “
WI S D O M OF TH E ANC I EN TS .

Ca ssa n dra .

The fi rs t pi e c e i n a con s B ’ “
\Vi s do m o f t he A n c i e n t s is
“
Ca ssa n dra T he P o e t s F a ble t ha t A p o llo , b e i n g e n a m o u re d
’

Of Ca ssa n dra ,
wa s by h e r m a n y s hift s a n d c u n n i n
g sle i g ht s s t i ll

de lu de d i n hi s de si re , b u t y e t fe d o n w i t h ho p e , u n t i l su c h t im e

a s s he ha d dra w n fro m hi m t he Gi f t of P rop hesyi n g, a d ha i n g n v

by su c h he r di ssi m u l a t i o n i n t he e n d, a t ta i n e d t o t ha t w hi c h fro m

t he b e gi n n i n g s he so u ght a ft e r, a t la st a tl re fl y j ec ted hi s su i t .

Who fi n di n
g hi m s e lf s o fa r e n a
g g e d i n hi s pro m i s e a s t ha t he

c o u ld n ot vk
by a n y m e a n s r e o e a ga i n hi s ra sh gift , a n d y e t
in fla m ed wi th a n e a r n e st de sir e Of re v g en e, hi g hl y di sda i n i n g
to b e m a de t he sc o rn Of a c ra ft y w e n c h, a nne x ed a p e na lt y
to hi s p ro m i s e , vi z .
,
t ha t s he shou l d e v er fo re t e ll t he T ru t h, bu t
n e v e r b e b e li e v ed . S o were he r di vi na tions a lwa ys fa i thfu l ,
bu t a t
no ti me re a r e
g d d, whereof she sti ll fou n d the exp eri en ce , yea e ven in
the ru i n o f he r own co u n try, whi ch she ha d o fte n forewa rne d the m f
o ,

”
but they n ei ther ga ve credi t n or ea r to her words . The fo ll o wi n g
“ ”
spl e n di d pi e c e fro m T ro i l u s a nd Cre ssida r e p ea ts a ll t hi s i n
a cti on
 P A RA L L E L S . 2 47

Co s .
[ Wi tk/i n ] Cry Troj a n s , c ry !
,

Wh a t n o i se ? w h a t shri e k i s t hi s ?

Tr o .
’
Ti s ou r m a d si s t e r , I
do k n o w h e r o i c e v .

Ca s. [ Wi thi n ] Cry , Troj a n s !

H ec t . It i s Ca ss a n dra .

E n ter C A AN A
SS DR , ra vin g .

Ca s . Cry , Troj a n s , c ry ! l e n d m e t e n t h ou sa nd e y es ,

An d I wi l l fill t h e m w i t h p ro ph e t i c t ea rs .

H ec t Pe a c e , s i st e r, pea c e
.

Ca s Vi rgi n s a n d b o y s, m i d a g e a n d w ri n kl e d e ld,
.
-

S o ft i n fa n c y, t h a t n o t hi n g c a n st b u t c ry ,
A dd t o m y c l a m o u r s l e t u s pa y b e t i m e s
A m o i e t y O f t h a t m a ss o f m o a n t o c o m e .

Cry , T roj a n s, c ry pra c t i se y ou r e y e s w i t h t ea rs

Tro y m u st n o t b e , n o r g o o dl y l i o n s t a n d I
O u r fire b ra n d b ro t h e r, P a ri s, b u rn s u s a ll
-
.

Cry , Tr oj a n s , c ry a H e l en a n d a w e e
C ry , c ry T ro y b ur n s , o r e l se l e t H e l e n g o .
[ E xi t ]
H e c t No w , y ou t h fu l Tro i l u s, do n ot thes e hi gh stra i ns
.

Of di v i n a ti on i n o u r s i st e r w o rk
S o m e t o u c h es o f re m o rse or is y ou r b l o o d
S O m a dl y h o t t h a t no di sc ou rse o f re a so n ,

Nor fe a r of ba d su c c e s s in a ba d c a u se ,

Ca n qu a li fy t h e sa me ?
Tr o . W hy , b ro t h e r H e c t o r,
N
Ve ma y n ot t hi n k t h e j u st n e ss O f ea c h a c t

Su c h a n d n o o t he r tha n e ven t do t h fo rm i t ,
No r on c e dej e c t t h e g e o f o u r m i n ds ,
c o u ra
’
B e ca Ca ssa n dra s
u se m a d h e r b ra i n si c k
ra pt u re s -

C a n n o t di st a st e t h e g o o dn ess o f a qu a rre l
v
Whi c h ha t h o u r s e e ra l h on ou rs a ll e n ga ge d
T o m a k e i t gra c i ou s .

Ma r k t ha t B a con t e rm s Ca ssa n dr a s
’

gift
H e c t o r i n t he a b ov e pa ss a ge .

DO n ot t h e se hi gh st ra in s
O f di vi n a ti on i n ou r s i st e r w o rk

S o m e t ou c h es o f re m o rs e ?

E n ter C A AN A
SS DR .

Ca s. Wh ere i s m y b ro t h er H ec t or
rm d a n d bl o o dy i n i n t e n t
’
A nd . H e re , s i s t er a .

C o n so rt w i t h m e in l o u d a nd dea r
pe t i t i o n ,
2 4s P A RA L L E L S .

Pu rsu e w e h i m on k n ees f or Ih a ve dr ea m d
'

Of bl oody tu r bu le n c e, a nd t h is w h o l e n ig h t

Ha t h n o t hi n g b e en bu t sh a pe s a nd form s O f sl a u g ht e r .

(Ac t v . se .

Di re c tl y w e t u rn t o B a c on s
’
Fo u rt h B k oo of t he
“
Ad v a n ce
” “
m en t Of L ea rn i n
g ( D e A u m e n t i s,
g we fin d u n de r

Di vin a ti on , t hi s Bu t t he Di vi n a ti on tur a l, w hi c h ri n e th
na s
p g
*

fro m t he i n t e rn a l p o w e r O f t he so u l , i s t ha t w hi c h w e n o w spea k
of .T hi s i s o f t w o so rt s, t he o n e n a t i e , t he o t he r by i n flu x i o n v .

Na t i ve i s grou n de d u p o n t hi s su pp o si t i o n , t ha t t he m i n d w he n i t
’
i s wi t hdra w n a n d c o lle c t e d i n t o i t s e lf, a n d n o t diffu s d i n t o o rga n s
Of t he b o d y ,
ha t h fro m t he na t u ra l p o w e r o f i t s o w n e ss e n c e ,

some p ren oti on of thi n gs f u ture . A n d thi s a pp ea rs most i n sleep

e c st a c i e s, p ro
p i n q i ty
u Of dea t h ; m o r e ra re in wa ki n
g ,
or w he n

t he b o d y i s he a lt hfu l a n d st ro n
g
”
(p . 2 1 0, “
A dv a n c em e n t of

L ea rn i n g, It m a y b e se e n t ha t A n dro m a c he i s pre se n t e d
a s ha v i n g drea mt O f t he di sa st e rs a w a i t i n g T ro y .

P rom etheus .

’
P r o m e t he u s , by J u pi t e r s c o m m a n d, wa s bro u ght t o t he
m ou n ta i n Ca u ca sus , a n d there boun d fa st to a p i lla r t ha t he c o u ld

r o m e t he u s )
n o t st i r
(P .

Fe t te r d i n
’
a m oro u s c ha i n s

A n d fa s t e r b ou n d t o A a
’
ro n s c ha rm i n g e yes
T ha n i s P r om ethe u s ti ed to Ca u c a s us .

Ti t u s A n dro n i c u s a c t 11 . se .

A ctce on .

In hi s fa bl e Of A c t aeo n B a con w ri t e s :
“
A c t ae o n ha vi n g un

a wa r e s, a n d a s i t w e re by c ha n c e , beheld Di a n a n a ke d, wa s tu rne d

(X A c t ae o n , Wi sdo m
” “
i n to a sta g, a n d devou red by hi s own dogs .

t he A n c i e n t s

Oh w he n m i n e e y es di d s e e O li v i a fi rs t ,
M e t h o u ght sh e pu rg d t he a i r o f pes t i l e n c e
’

T ha t i n sta n t w a s I
t u r ned i n to a ha r t,
 P A RA L L E L S . 2 49

A n d m y desi r es li ke f e l l a n d cru e l hou nd s

Ere si n c e pu rsu e m e .

“
( Tw el ft h N i ght , a ct i . SO .

Ha d I th
p o w e r t ha t so m e s a y Di a n h a d,
e

Thy t e m pl e s sh ou l d b e pl a n t e d pre s e n t l y
Wi th horn s, a s wa s A c twon s a n d the hou n ds
’

Shou ld dri ve u p on thy n ew -

tr a n s or m ed
f li m bs .

Ti t u s A n dro n i c u s , a c t 1 1 . se .

’
J u n o s S u i tor .

The P o e t s sa
y t ha t J up i ter, t o en o j y hi s lu s t fu l de li ght s, t o o k
u po n hi m t he s ha pe o f su n dr y c re a t u r e s, a s o f a bu ll, o f a n ea gle,
( Wi sdo m
” “ ”
f
o a swa n , a n d O f a
g o lde n sho w e r Of t he A n c i e n t s ,

Su i t o r )
’
J un o s .

T h e go ds t h e m s e l e s, v
H u m b li n g t h e i r de i t i es t o l o e , h a e t a k en v v
T he sha p e s O f b e a s t s u p on t h e m : u pi t e r
’
J
Be ca m e a b u ll , a nd b ell o w d .

( Wi n t e r s T a l e
“ ’
, a ct iv . se .

Re m e m b e r, J ove , t h ou w a st b u l l for t hy Eu ro pa
a lo v e se t 011 t hy h o rn s .

You w e re a l so J up i ter , a swa n , fo r t h e l o e o f L e da v .

( M erry Wi
“
v es Of

Wi n dsor, a c t so
”
v . .

G re a t J u pi t e r u p o n hi s ea gl e b a c k e d .

Cy m b e l i n e , a ct v . S O.

T hi s Da eda lu s wa s p e r se cu t e d b y M i nos w i t h g re a t s e v e ri t y ,

di li ge n c e , a nd inqi y u r ,
y
bu t he a lw a s fo u n d t he m e a n s t o a v id
o

a n d e sca p e hi s ra n n ty y
L a st l , he t a u ght hi s s o n I ca ru s t o
.
,
y fly
b u t t he O ffic e , i n o st e n ta t i o n O f t hi s a r t , s o a ri n g t o o hi gh, fe l l
”
i n t o t he sea a n d w a s dro w n e d (Daeda lu s o r M e c ha n i c , “
Wi sdo m
”
Of t he A n c i e n t s ,

G l ou . Why , w ha t a v
p e e i sh fo o l w a s t h a t of Cre t e ,
Tha t t a u gh t h i s so n t h e O ffi c e o f a fo w l
A n d y e t , fo r a l l h i s w i n g s , t h e fo o l w a s dro w n d
’
.

K H en .
, D ae da l
us . I
m y p o o r b o y I ca ru s
T hy fa t h e r M i n os, t ha t de n i e d o u r c o u rse
The su n t ha t se a r d t he w i n gs o f m y sw e e t b o y , & c
’
.

3 Ki n g H e n ry a ct v . se .
2 50 P A R5 1L L E L S .

A n d t hi s ki n d of m e ri t w a s li v ly
e se t fo rt h i n t ha t fe i gn e d
re a l tion of Orp heus Thea tre, where a ll bea sts a n d bi rds a ssemble d,
whi ch, f orge tti n g thei r p rop er na tu ra l a pp e ti te s o f p rey, o f ga me , of
qua rr els, stood a ll bly a n d lovi n gly toge ther, li sten i n g u n to the
so ci a a i rs
a nd the a ccords o f the ha rp ”
(
“
Ad v a n c e m e n t o f L ea rn i n g, B k oo

I, p. .

Orp he u s w i t h hi s l u t e m a de tr ees
A n d t h e m o u n t a i n t o ps t ha t fre eze
v
B o w t h e m s e l es w he n he di d si n g
T o h i s m u s i c , pl a n t s a nd fl o w e rs
v
E e n s pra n g , a t s u n a n d sh o w e rs

Th es e h a d m a de l a s t i n g s pri n g
a .

Ev e ryt hi n g t h a t h e a rd hi m
p la y ,
Ev e n t h e b i ll o w s o f th e sea

H u n g t h e i r h ea ds a nd t h e n l a y by .

In sw e e t m u si c i s su c h a rt ,

Ki lli n g ca re a n d g ri e f o f h ea rt ,
F a ll a s l e e p, o r h ea ri n g di e .

Ki n g H e nry V III .
,
a ct ii i . so .

by t h v
“
Fo r t he p o e t s fe i gn e d t ha t O rp he u s, e e rt u e a n d sw e e t

n e ss o f hi s ha r
p ,
d i d c a ll a n d a ss e m b le t he bea s ts a nd bi rds o f t he i r
na t u r e wi ld a n d sa v ga e, to st a n d a b o u t hi m as in a Thea tre

(
“
C o n side ra t i o n s t o u c hi n g t he P la n ta t io n in I r e la n d,
”
1 606 .

”
Re su sc i ta t i o , P a rt I .
, p 1 91,
.

’
F or Orp he u s l u t e w a s s t ru n g wi t h po e ts si n ews,
’

Who se go lde n t ou c h c o u l d so ft e n ste e l a n d st o n es

M a k e t i ge rs t a m e , a nd v
h u g e l e i a t ha ns

F o rsa ke u n so u n de d de e ps t o da n c e o n sa n ds .

T wo G e n t l e m e n of Ve ro n a ,
a ct iii . so .

C o m pa re Ro b e rt Fl u dd Q u a l i s de n i qu e e ra t phi l o so ph i ca illa Orph ei

x
m u si c a a dm i ra b i l i s , c u j u s m e l o di a P o et ae sa a e t i a m sa l ta v i sse fin x e run t ?
'

v
A u t ii ll a Ari o n i s c u j u s i g o re e t e fli c a c i a c o m pa ss i o e t a dm i ra t i o e ti a m p is c i bu s
i m pre ssa e ra t c re do e qu i de m h o c a v i v e n t i bu s i n o c c u l t o l a te re , a n t sa l te m
”
p e rpa u c i ssi m i s n o t u m e ss e T ra c ta t u s Pa rs i i. .
, p 1 1 2,
.
 PA R A L LE L S . 2 5 I

H O RT I C U LT U RAL P A RA L LE LS .

Fo r w e se e a sci on or y g slip gr a ft e d u p o n t h e t ru n
ou n k of a

t re e , t o s ho o t fo rt h m o r e p r o sp e r o u sl ,
y
t ha n i f i t ha d b e e n set in
e a rt h (B k V
oo .
,
“
Ad v a n c em en t o f L ea rn i n
g ,
1 6 4 0, p .

I c a re n o t

T o g e t s l ip s of t he m .

P o l i ce . We ma rr y
A ge n t l e sci on t o t h e wil de s t sto c k .

Wi n t e r s ’
Ta le , a ct ii i . se .

“
It m a y b e se e n t ha t t he w o rds, sci on a nd slip s, a re fo u n d
x
i n c l o se c o n t e t i n b o t h u o t a t i o n s q .

y
F o r t ho u gh w e pri n c i pa ll pu r su e o p e ra t i o n a n d t he a c t i e v
pa rt o f sc i e n c e s ye t we a tten d the du e sea so n of ha rvest n o r go a bou t
”
to rea p the green he rb of the bla de (Di s t ri bu t i o n P re fa c e , p 32 , .

Ad v a n c em en t of L ea rn i n
g,
C o m pa re

B i ro n W ell sa y I a m , w hy sh o u ld pro u d su m m e r b o a st ,
v
.
,

B e fo re t h e b i rds h a e a n y c a u se to si n g ?

Wh y sh o u l d Ij oy in a ny a b o rt i v e bi rt h
A t C h ri st m a s I no m o re de s i re a ro se ,

i n Ma ys’
Tha n w i sh a sn o w n ew -
fa n
g l e d sh o w s .

Lo v ’
e s L a b o u r s L o st ,
’
a ct i . so .

Na y ,
i t w e r e b e t t e r to m ee t som e da n gers ha lf wa y, t h ou gh t he y
c om e n o t hi n g n e a r, t ha n t o k
e e p t o o l o n g a w a t c h u p o n t he i r

a ppr o a c he s De la y s

Ou t of t hi s n e t tl e da n g er, w e pl u c k t hi s fl o w e r sa fe t y .

1 H e n ry IV a ct ii . sc .

The ca t e rp il la r is on e of t h e m o s t g e n e ra l of w o rm s, a nd

bre e de t h of de w a nd le a v es fo r w e se e in fi n it e n u m ber o f ca t er

pi lla r s w hi c h br e e d u p o n t re e s a n d he dge s, b y w hi c h t he l ea e s v
o f t he t r e e s o r he dg e s a re i n grea t p a r t con su m ed a s w e ll b
y t he i r
2 52 P ARALLE L S .

”
b re e di n g ou t of t he l ea f, a s by thei r feedi n g u
p on the lea f Sy lv .

Ex .

Thu s a re m y bl o ss o m s bla s t e d i n t h e b u d,
An d ca t e rpilla rs e a t m y le a ves a wa y .

(2 Ki n g H e n ry VI .
, a ct iii . so .

Whi c h t he ho t t y ra n t s ta in s a n d soo n b e re a v e s,

As ca t e rpi lla rs do t he t e n de r l ea v es ,

V en u s a n d Ado n i s .

In B a con s
’ “
Na t u ra l H i s t o ry (Ex . 4 64 , Ce n t u r y V .
) he
“
w ri t e s -
As T e re b ra t i o n do t h m e li o ra t e fru i t , so u
p on t he

li k e r e a so n doth letti n g of p la n ts blood ; p ri cki n g vi nes or othe r

as

trees a f ter they be f some

o growth ; a n d there by letti n g forth gu ms or
"
tea rs .

Thi s i s c u ri o u s ho rt i c u lt u ra l l o re , y e t i t i s re p ea t e d i n t he fo l
“
lo w i n g pa ssa
ge fro m (a c t i ii se 4 ) Ri c ha rd t he S e c o n d
. .

Ga rde n er . A n d w ou n d the ba rk the sk i rt of ou r f ru i t -

tr ees ,
Le st be i n g o v e rpro u d w i th p a n d bl o od ,
sa

Wi t h too m u ch ri c h e s i t c o n fo u n d i t s e l f ?

T he re a re ma n y a n c en t i a n d re c e i v ed t ra di t i o n s a n d o b se r

va t i o n s t o u c hi n g t he s ym p a th y a n d a n t i pa th y pla n t s : fo r t ha t
of

so m e w i ll thri ve best gro w i n g n ea r o t he rs

”
(
“
S l a yvS y l v a ru m ,
”

Ce n t u r yV .
,
4 7 9 4 8 0, pp 1 2 1 ,
-
. B a con
g i v e s e xa m ple s , a nd

a l m o st a lw a y (
s a s i n t he
)
u o ta t i o n , q of a ba ser pla n t i n c o n t a c t
wi t h a highe r c la ss .
“
T k a e c om m on -
b ri e r, a n d s e t i t a m o n gs t
v i o le t s or w a ll -
flo w e rs ,
a nd s ee w he t he r i t w i ll n ot ma k e t he
”
v i o le t s o r wa ll -
flo w e r s sw e e t e r (4 8 8,
“
Exp e ri m e n t So a ls o
he cites e xa m pl e s of t he c orn -
flo w e r, p o ppy ,
a nd fu m i t o r y
g ro w i n
g in c orn .

The s t ra w b e rry gro w s u n de rn e a t h t h e n e t t l e ,

A n d w h o l e s o m e b e rri e s thri ve a n d ri pe n bes t,
Nei ghbo ur d by f ru i t of ba ser qu a l i ty
’
.

“
( Ki n g H e n ry V .
,
a ct i . se .

A ft e r t he se t w o n ob e l fru i t s of fri e n ds hi p (pe a ce i n t he a ffe c

 P A RA L L E L S . 2 53

tion s a n d su
pp o r t o f t he j ud
g m e n t fo l l o w e t h t h e l a st fru i t ; w hi c h
)
i s li k e the p omegra na te f u ll f
o ma ny ke rn e ls (
“
F ri e n dshi p

L a f en . Go to, y ou w ere b e a t e n i n t a l y fo r pi c k i n g
si r, I
A k er n e l ou t of a p om egra n a te .

(Al l s W e ll t h a t En ds We ll , a c t i i
’
. se .

P e ri a n de r, b e i n g c o n su l t e d w i t h ho w t o p r e s e r v e a t y ra n n y ,

b i d t he m e ss e n ge r st a he w a l i n g i n a ga rde n t o pp d
n d st i ll , a n d k ’

a ll t he hi ghe st o w e rs , fl
si gn if i n g t he c u t t i n g o ff a n d t he y
k e e pi n g l o w o f t he n o b ili t
”
D e A u gm e n t i s , VI y .

G o t h ou , a nd li k e a n e xe c u t i o n e r,

C u t o ff t h e h e a ds o f t o o fa st gro w i n g spra y s , -

T ha t l o o k t o o l o ft y i n o u r c o m m o n w e a l t h
A ll m u s t b e e ven in ou r go v ern m e n t .

Ri c h a rd a ct iii . se . 4,

T he r e i s u se a ls o of a m bi t i o u s m en i n p u lli n g

g re a t n e ss of a n
y su b e c t j t ha t oo erto s
p Am bi t i o n
P r osp er o . Be i n g on c e p e rfe c t e d h o w t o gr a n t su i t s ,

H o w t o de n y t h e m ’
v
wh o t a d a n c e , a n d w h o
T o t ra s h for over -
top p i n g ne w t d c re a e

Th e c re a t u res t h a t w e re m i n e , I y h sa or c a n
gd
’ ’
em

vi g b th t h
, ,

O r e l se n e w fo u n d t h e m ha n o e k ey ,
Of fi
o f c e r a n d o ffi c e se t a ll h e a rt s i t h
’ ’
sta te,
T o w h a t t u n e pl e a s d hi s e a r, t h a t n o w h e w a s

T h e i v y w h i c h h a d h i d m y pri n c e l y t ru n k
An d su c k
’
t my v erdu r e o u t o n
’
t .

“
( T e m pe st ,
a ct i . so .

Bu t i t w a o rda i n e d t ha t t hi s wi n di n g i ng f P la n ta gen e t
‘

s o a

shou ld hi ll the tree i tself

’ “
( a c o n s H i st o rB y o f Ki n
g H e nr y
D r A bb o t t w r i t e s T he c a u t i o u s, j ea l o u s C e c il s, i n whose
ti m e a ble m en w ere supp ressed o f p u rp ose (I t n r o du c t i o n , Wha t
B a con wa s H i m s e lf,
”
p . x xvi i i B .
,
a c on s
’
Es sa y) s .

Ut h e dera s e r p vi
en s re s a rb o re a s n e c a t,
It a m e e t u st a v s a m pl exu a n n oru m e n e c a t .

(
“
F ra g L a b e ri u s
. .
 P A RA L L E L S .

A ma n t ha t i s youn g i n yea rs ma y be old i n ho u rs, i f he ha v e

“
los t no t im e ( Yo u t h a nd A ge
“
Fo r t he exp e ri e n ce o f a ge i n t hi n gs t ha t fa ll wi t hi n t he c o m pa s s
”
of i t di re c t e t h i t .

’
Ye t ha t h S i r Pro t eu s , fo r t ha t s h is na me,
M a de u se a n d fa i r a dv a n ta
ge of h i s da ys
H i s yea rs bu t y ou n g , bu t hi s exp er i e n ce old .

Tw o G e n t l e m e n of Vero n a ,
a c t 1 1 . 80 .

Ne i t he r ca n j u st i c e yi e ld he r fru i t w i t h s w e e t n e ss a m o n gs t
”
t he bri a rs a n d bra m bles o f ca t c hi n g a nd
p o l li n
g
1 625 )
O h, h o w fu l l of br i er s i s t h i s w o rk i n g da y w o rld -
.

“
( A s Y o u Lik e It , a ct i . se .

A n d if a n
y m a n sho ul d do w ro n g ou t of i ll
-
na tu re, w h ,
y y e t

i t i s bu t l i k e t he tho rn or bri er, w hi c h p ri c k a n d sc ra t c h b e ca us e

t he y ca n do n o o t he r

G l ou c es ter A n d I—l i ke o n e l o st i n a t h o rn y w o o d,
.

Tha t re n ds t h e t h o rn s , a n d i s re n t wi t h t he t h o rn s ,
S e e k i n g a w a y , a n d s t ra y i n g fro m t h e w a y .

Ki n g H e n ry VI .
, a ct ii i . so .

C U S T O M , H AB I T , U S E .

In B a c on s
’
Se v e n th B k oo of t he
“
Ad v a n c em en t of L ea r n i n g,

w e fi n d hi m di s c u s si n g m o ra li t y ,
t o u c hi n g t he
“
p ower a n d en ergy
f
o custom , exe rci se, ha bi t,
”
&c .
,
e xa c t l y a s we fi n d so o ft e n i n c u l
ca t e d i n t he pla y s .
“
We w i ll t he re fo r e i n si n u a t e a fe w p o in t s
to uchi n g cus to m a n d ha bi t . Tha t o pi n i o n of Ar i st o t le se e m e t h t o

m e t o fa v o u r o f n e gli g e n c e a n d a n a r ro w c o n t e m pla t i o n w he r e he
a sse rt s , tha t those A c ti on s whi ch a re na tura l ca nn ot be by
cha n ged

cu stom .
”
A ga i n :
“
B u t ho w s o e v er t hi s c a s e be de t e rm i n e d, by
ho w m u c h t he m o re t ru e i t i s, t ha t b o t h Vi rtue s a nd Vi ces co ns is t
”
i n ha bi t (pp 35 6 ,
. 3 5 7
 P AR A LL E L S . 2 55

Tha t m o n st e r c u st o m w h o a ll se n s e do t h ea t
v
O f h a bi t s de i l i s a n ge l y e t i n t hi s,
Tha t t o t h e u se o f a c t i o n s fa i r a n d g o o d
v
H e l i k e wi se gi e s a fro c k o r li e ry v
Th a t a
pt l y i s pu t on .

“
( Ha m le t , a ct iii . se .

C o m pa r e a
g i a
n :
“
Fo r c u st o m ,
i f i t be w i se l y a n d skilfu ll y
i n du c e d, p ro v e s (
a s it is c om m on l y sa id) a no ther na tu r e
Ad v a n c em e n t o f L e a rn i n g, p 35 8 ,
. B k oo

If da m n e d c u st o m ha ve n ot b i a ss d i t s o
’
.

Ha m let , a ct . ii i . sc .

Bu t custom o n l yd ot h a lt e r a n d su bdu e Na t u re ”
(
“
Of Na t u re
in Ma n
“
We se e a l so t he r e i gn o r t y ra n n y o f c u st o m
”
(
“
Of Cu st o m
a nd

H ow u se doth br eed a ha bi t i n a ma n .

“
( Tw o G e n tlem en of Ve ron a , a ct v . sc .

In B a con s
’
Essa y u p on
“
Cu st o m a nd Edu c a t i o n , he w ri t e s
Ma n y e xa m ple s m a y b e p u t of t he fo r c e o f c u st o m , bot h u po n

m in d a nd bo d y : t he r e fo re , si n c e c u st o m i s t he p ri n c i pa l m a gi s
t ra t e of ma l ife , l e t m e n by a ll m e a
n s
’
n s e n de a v
o u r t o o b ta i n

g o o d c u st o m s C e rt a i n l
. y
c u st o m i s m o s t p e rfe c t w he n i t b e

gi n n eth i n ou n gy y
e a r s : thi s w e c a ll e du c a t i o n , w hi c h i s i n e ffe c t

bu t a n e a rl y c u st o m .
”
A ga i n :
“
T h e re i s no t ru st i n g t o t he

fo rc e of na tu r e , n or to t he b ra v y er of w o rds, e xc e
pt i t b e
”
corrobora te by cu stom .

F or u se a lm os t ca n cha n ge the s ta mp o f na tu re ,
A n d e i th e r (m a st e r ? ) t h e de il , v or t h ro w hi m ou t

Wi th w o n dro u s p o t e n c y .

H a m le t , a ct i ii . se .

T h e tyra n t cu s to m
H a t h m a de t h e fli n t y a n d st e e l c ou c h of wa r

v
M y t h ri c e dri e n b e d o f do w n .

O t he l lo , a ct i . so .

N a u gh t so vi l e t ha t on the e a rt h do t h l i ve,

B u t t o t he e a rt h s o m e s pe c i a l g o o d do t h gi v e
2
56 P A R A L L B LS .

No r n a u ght g o o d, b u t stra i n ed fro m t ha t fa i r

so u se ,

Re v lt o s fro m tru e birt h , s t u m b l i n g o n a b us e

Vi r tu e i ts e lf tu rns vi ce , be i n g m i sa pp li ed
A nd vi c e som e ti m es by a c ti on di gn ified .

Ro m e o a nd J u li e t , a ct 11 . se .

LO VE .

B ot h w hi c h t i m e s ki n dl e Love, a nd ma k e i t m o re fe r v en t, a nd

t he re fo re sho w i t t o b e t he c hil d O f fo ll y ”
(
“
Of L o v e

Va le nti n e . TO b e i n l o v e wh e re sc o rn i s b o u gh t w i t h c oy l oo k s,
Wi t h h e a rt -
so re s i g h s : on e fa di n g m o m e n t
’
s m irt h
If h a p l y w o n , p e rha ps a h a pless ga in
’

If l o st , w hy t h e n a g ri e o u s la b o u r w o n v
v
H o w e e r : b u t a f o lly b ou gh t w i t h w i t ,
O r e l s e a w i t b y f o lly a n qu i sh e d v .

N o G e n tlem en of Ve ro n a , a ct i . se .

On e O f t he
F a the rs, i n grea t s e e ri t , ca lle d P o e si e Vi n u m v y
Da zmon u m , b e ca u s e i t fille t h t he i m a gi n a t i o n , a n d y e t i t i s bu t
“
wi t h t he sha do w O f a li e ( T ru t h

“
Did n ot o n e O f t he Fa the rs, i n grea t i n di gn a t i o n , ca ll P oesy
Vi n a ra Dte mon u m, b e ca u se i t i n c re a s e t h t e m p ta t i o n , p e r t u rba t i o n s,

a n d va in O pi n i o n s Ad v a n ce m e n t Of L ea rn i n
g, ii 2 2 ,
”
.

T he F a ther B a con p ro ba bl y a llu de s t o i s S t A u gu s t i n e , a nd t he

q u o ta tio n o c c u rs in t he
“
C o n fe ssi o n , i 1 6,
”
. Vi n u m e rrori s a b ebri is
doc tori bu s p rop i na tu m .
’
T hi s i s r e fe rr e d to in B ur t o n s
’ “
A n a to m y
Of M e la n c ho ly De m o c ri t u s t o t he Re a de r, p 1 03, a nd .

i s i n t ro du c e d i n t he s e w o rds Fra sca t o ri u s, a fa m o u s p oe t ,

fre e l yg ra n t s a ll p oe ts to be ma d so do t h S ca li ge r a n d w ho do t h
f a ci t Ho n
’
n ot ? (A u t i n sa n it ho mo , a ut versus , , Sa t . 7, l .

Vi rg Ec l
’
Insa n i re l u bet, i . e .
,
versus comp on e re, .
,
. 3 . S O S e rv i us i n
te rpr e t s a ll p oets a re m a d, a c o m pa n y Of bi t te r sa tyri sts , de t ra c t o rs,

or e lse p a ra s i t i c a l
p pla u de r s ; a n d w ha t i s po e t r
a i t s e lf, bu t y
A us ti n ho lds ) vi n u m err oris a b ebri is doe tori bus p rop i na tum
(as
 P ARA LLE L S . 2 57

Rosa li n d . L ov e i s m e r e ly a m a d n ess , a nd I t ll
y o u de se r e s a s w e ll a da rk
e v
h ou se a nd a w hi p a s m a dm en do ; a n d t h e rea so n w h y t h e y a re n o t so pu n
i sh e d a n d c u re d i s, t h a t t h e l u n a c y i s so o rdi n a ry , t h a t t h e w hi ppe rs a re i n
lo v e too . A s You Li k e It , a ct iii . se .

T h e lu n a t i c , t h e l o ve r, a n d the po et
A re of i m a gi n a t i o n a ll c o m pa c t .

On e se es v
m o re de i l s t h a n va st h e ll ca n h o ld
Th a t i s t h e m a dm a n . Th e l o v e r, a ll as fra n t i c ,
S e e s H el e n b ea u t y i n Egy pt
’
s a b ro w Of

T h e p o e t s e y e i n a fi n e fre n zy roll i n g do t h gl a
’
nce

F ro m h e a v
e n t o e a r t h , fro m e a rt h t o h e a en , v
An d a s i m a gi n a t i o n b o di es fo rt h t h e fo rm Of t hi n gs
Un k n own t h e p o e t s p e n t u rn s t h e m t o sh a p e s
’

A n d gi e s v t o a i ry n o t hi n g a l o c a l h a bi t a t i o n
An d a n a m e —S u c h t ri c k s h a t h st ro n g i m a gi n a t i o n .

M i ds u m m e r N i ght s ’
Drea m .

We fi n d Ba c on a t t ri bu t i n g P o e t r yi n si m ila r wa y t o Im gi n a
a
“
tion . H e w ri t e s : F o r P oesy w hi c h ha t h ever be en a t t ri b u t e d

t o t he i ma gi n a ti on , i s t o b e e s t e e m e d ra t he r a l
p a y Of t he w i t

t ha n a k n o w l e dge (B k V
oo .
,p 21 9 .
“
A dv a n c e m e n t Of L e a rn i n g ,
In hi s E ssa y p u on
“
Lo e, v he w ri t e s : Yo u m a y Oh

ser v e, t ha t a m o n gst ll t he gre a t a n d w o r t h p e r so n s w he r e o f

a y
t he m e m o r y r e m a i n e t h , e i t he r a n c i e n t o r re c e n t , t he re i s n o t o n e

n sp o rt e d t he m a d degree
t ha t ha t h b e e n t ra to o f love, a nd w hi c h

sho w s t ha t gre a t s pi r i t s a nd
gre a t b u si n e ss do e e p o u t o f t hi s k
w ea kp a s si o n .
”
He r e w e fi n d B a c o n i de n t if i n
g L ove wi th ma dness,y
a s i n t he a bo v e pa ge fr o m t he Dr e a m
ssa
“
.

It i s t he s e e c h Of a
p l o v
e r, n o t o f a w i s e m a S a ti s m a gn u m
n,

A lter a lteri Thea tru m su mu s

”
(p . 2 3, B k oo I .
,
“
Adv a n c e m e n t o f
”
L ea r n i n g,

Im a
y Obt a i n t he e x c u se O f a ffe c t i o n , fo r t ha t i t i s n ot gra n te d

to ma n to love a nd to be wi se
”
(p . 7 6, B k II
oo .
,
“
Ad v a n c em e n t of
”
Lea rn i n g,

T he L a t i n q u o ta t i o n i s fr o m Ep i cu ru s, q u ot ed by S e n e c a ,
a nd

i s t o b e t ra ced i n t he pl y
'

t hi s La t i n a u t ho r a s . In Tro i lu s a nd

C re ssi da we rea d
F o r to be wi s e a nd l ov e ,
E x c e e ds ma n s
’
m i ght , t h a t dw e l l s w i t h G o ds a bo v e.

(A c t iii . se .
2
58 P A R A L L E LS .

A n d t he r e fo re i t w a s w e ll sa i d, Tha t i t is i mp ossi ble to love a nd

to be wise (Essa y on T hi s i s po s si bl y ta k en fro m

P u bl i u s S y ru s

" '
’
Ep&v &ua ¢po v e i v r e x0 6 de w 1 r a pa . .

A m a re e t S a pe re v i x De o c o n c e di t n r .

(S e n t e n t i ae ) .

Tha t he t ha t pre fe rre d He lena u i t t e d t he

gi ft s Of J u n o a n d q
Pa lla s v
F o r w ho so e e r e st e e m e t h t o o m u c h O f a m o ro u s a ffe c t i o n ,
.

qu i t t eth b o t h ri c he s a nd wi sdo m “
( Lo v e
“
No n j
e st e u sde m a ma re e t sa n ae m e n t is e sse (Era s m us ) .

Ik n o w n ot ho w , bu t ma rti a l m en a re gi ven to love I thi n k i t i s

bu t a s they a re gi ven to wi n e (
“
Lo v e

Bu t w e a re so l di e rs ,

A n d m a y t ha t so ldi e r a m e re re c rea n t pro v e

Tha t m ea n s n o t , ha t h n o t , o r i s n o t i n l o ve .

”
Tro i lu s a nd Cre ss i da , a ct i . se .

Fo r i t i s a t ru e r ul e t ha t L o v e is e v e r re w a rde d e i t he r wi t h

t he re c i
p ro q ue or wi t h a n i n w a rd a n d se c re t con te m
p t
” “
( Of
Lo v e,
”

v
Fo r i n re e n ge o f m y c on te mp t of l ove ,
v
L o e ha t h c h a s e d s l e e p fro m m y e n t h ra lle d e y e s
' ”
.

I\vo G e n t le m e n o f Vero n a , a ct ii . sc .

T he re b e n on e Of t he a fiections w hi c h ha ve be e n n o t ed to

fa sc i n a te or bewi tch b u t L o v e a nd En v y (
“
En v y
Now Ro m e o i s belo vd e ,
a nd lo vga i n ,
es a

Alik e bew i tc h d by t h e c h a rm o f l oo k s
’
.

Ro m e o a nd J uli e t , a ct i . 3 0.

F A LCO N RY, S W ANS, & c .

Ba c on s
’
k n o w le dge of ha wks a nd ha wki n g i s n ot on l y re

v ea le d i n hi s wri t i n gs, bu t Fra n c is O sbo rn e , a c o n t e m p o ra r y

wr i te r, t e st i fi es to B a con s
’
a bi li t y t o di sc u ss u po n ha w k s w ith
 P A RA L LE L S . 2 59

a L o rd i n t he se w o rds :
“
SO a s I ha v e he a rd hi m e n t e rt a in a

c oun tr yL ord i n t he pro p e r t e rm s, r e la t i n g t o Ha wks a nd Dogs ;

”
a n d a t a n o t he r t i m e o u t c a n t a L o n do n c hy ru rge o n
-

(S econ d

P a rt of hi s “
v
A d i c e t o hi s
“
For no ma n w i ll t a k e t ha t pa rt e x c e pt he b e li k e a see led
”
dove, tha t mou n ts a nd mou n ts, beca u se he ca n n ot see a bou t hi m
“
( Am bi t i o n
Thi s w o r d “
seeled is a t e rm of fa lc o n r y ,
a nd m ea ns co v e re d

u
p ho,o dwi n k ed we re fin d i t i n t he pla y s

To see l h e r fa t h er
’
s e ye s u p ,
c lo se a s o a k .

O t h e ll o , a ct i ii . so .

C o m pa re t he fo ll o wi n g sc e n e fr o m t he S e c o n d Pa rt of
“
Ki n g
He n r y t he S i x t h,
”
a nd v y er c u r i o u sl y la i d a t S a in t A lba
’
n s,
*

’
Ba con s hom e
ACT II .

S CE N E 1 . S a i n t A lba n s.
’

E n ter the KI N
U N GL U
G, Q CA EEI NAL , d S U FF L O CE ST E R, RD ,
a n O K, wi th
Fl h ll i g a c o n ers a o n .

Q B li v m
u e en l d f . fly i g t t h b k
e e e e, or s, or n a e ro o ,

I w t b t t p t th v y d y
sa no e er s or e s e se en e a rs
’
a

Y t by y
e ,
l v th wi d w v y high
ou r ea e, e n as er

A d t
n t ,
ld J
en h d t g
o on e, t O oa n a no on e o u .

Ki g B t w h t p i t m y l d y
n . u f l m d
a a o n ,
or , ou r a c on a e,

A d wh t
n
pi t h h fl w b v t h
a a t c s e e a o e e re s

To se e h o w Go d i n a ll h i s c rea t u re s w o rk s
Yea , ma n a nd bir ds a re fa i n o f c li m bi n g hi gh .

S uf . No ma v
r el, a n i t li k e y o u r m a j e st y ,

M y l o rd pro t e c t o r s ha w k s do t o w e r
’
so w e ll
They kn o w the i r m a ste r l oves to be a lof t
A n d b ea rs hi s t h ou gh t s a b o e h i s fa l c o n v ’
s pi t c h .

M y l or d, ti s bu t
’
Glou . a ba se i gn o bl e m i n d
T ha t m ou n ts no hi ghe r tha n a bi rd ca n soa r .

Ca
'
r. I th o u gh t a s b o e t he c l o u dsm u ch h e w ou l d b e a v .

Glou Ay , m y l o rd ca rdi n a l ? h o w t h i n k y ou b y t ha t ?
.

We re i t n o t go od y ou r gra c e c o u l d fly t o h e a en ? v
B oth B a c on a nd t he a u t hor Of t he pla y s b o rr o w fro m t he

soa ri n g O f bi rds (o r m ou n ti n g in o r de r t o illu st ra t e a m bi ti o n i n

The fi rs t t re a ti s e o n hu n t i n g a n d ha wk i n g w hi c h i ssu ed fro m t he press

wa s pri n t e d a t St Al ba n s, b y Da m e u li a n a B ern e rs J .
2 60 PA RA LLE LS .

ri si n g men . P e rfe c t k n ow e l dge of k

ha w i n g i s c o ns pi c u o u s in
t he pla y s

A n d lik e t he H a gga rd c he c k a t e v er y fe a t he r
T ha t c o m es be fo re h is e ye .

“
( Tw e l ft h N i g ht ,
a ct

If
h er H a gga rd, Id o p ro v e

J '
Tho u gh t h a t h e r ess e s w e re m y de a r h e a rt s t ri n gs ,
I d w hi s t l e h e r O ff, a n d l e t h e r do w n t h e w i n d
’

T O pre y a t o rt un e F .

“
( O t he l lo , a ct ii i . se .

The H e ro n w he n s he s o a re t h hi gh ( so a s s o m e t i m e s she is
se e n t o pa ss o v er a c lo u d
) sho w e t h wi n ds ; bu t ki t es flyi n
g a lo ft
”
sho w fa i r a nd dry w ea t he r .

Ha m . I a m bu t m a d n o rt h n o rt h
- -
w est : w he n t he w i n d i s so u t he rl y I
kn o w a h a wk fro m a h a n dsa w .
(Ac t i i . se .

Wh o fi n ds t h e pa rt ridg e i n t h e pu t t o c k s n e st ,
’

Bu t m a y i m a gi n e h o w t h e b i rd w a s de a d ,
Al t ho u gh t h e k i t e so a r w i t h u n b lo o di e d b e a k ?
Ki n g H e n ry VI .
,
a ct i ii . se .

A n d for t he o t he r I c o u ld n e v e r s ho w i t hi t he rt o t o t he fu ll
be i n g a s a ha w k ti ed to a n o t he r s
’
fi st t ha t m i ght so m e t i m e s ba i t
a nd pro ffe r, bu t c o uld ne v er fly (L e t t e r w r i t t e n a ft e r Ea rl o f
Sa li sbu r y ’
s de a t h, M a y 2 9 , 1 6 1 2, p 2 7 . Bi rc h, L e t t e rs,

v
Dos t t h o u l o e h a wki n g ? Tho u ha s t ha wks wi l l soa r

A bov e the m or n i n g l a r k .

I
( n tro du c t i o n ,
“
Ta m i n g Of t he S h re w .

Le a i g i s n o t li e a la r
rn n k
c h ca n m o u n t a n d s i n
g , a n dk w hi
l i lf a n d n o t hi n g e ls e ; bu t i t p a r ta kes of the n a tu re o
p ea s e t se f a
ha wk whi ch ca n soa r a lof t, a n d ca n a lso des ce n d a nd str i ke up o n i ts

(Wo rk s
”
t lei sur e v ol vi
p re
y a ,
. .
p ,

M r S p e ddi n g sa y s of B a con :
“
H e ha d bre e di n g sw a n s a n d

“
Fo r i f i t c hec k o n c e w i t h b u s i n ess , i t t ro u ble th m en s fo rt u n es ,
’
a nd

m a k e t h m e n t h a t t h e y ca n n o w a y s b e t ru e t o t h e i r o w n e n ds
”
Lo v e

Thi s w o rd i s a t e rm i n fa l c o nr y u se d a s
c he c k s t o ppi n g su dde n l y i n fl i h t ,
g
v
w h e n di e rt ed fro m t h e qu a rry (Dr A bbo t t ,
“
N o t es a n d Essa y s
“
Ki t e s fly i n g a l o ft sh o w fa i r a n d dr y w ea t h e r, fo r t ha t t he y
m o u n t m os t i n t o t h e a i r o f t h a t t e m pe r w h e re i n t he y de li g h t ( N a tu ra l
" “

H is t o ry ,
 P ARA LLE L S . 2 6I

fe e di n g swa Wo rk s Ih v
ns
( ,
i . a e s o m e w ha t Of t he F r e n c h
Il v o e bi rds a s t he Fr e n c h ki n
g doth
(L i fe , v ii .

“
The la st w o rds Of t ho se t ha t su ffe r de a t h fo r r e li
gi o n , li e k
t he so n
gs O f dyi n g swa n s, do w o n de rfu ll yw k or u po n t he m i n ds O f
m en Wi sdo m Of t he A n c i e n t s ,
”
Di o n i e de s ) .

“
A m o n gst t he se bi rds t he r e w e re a f ew swa n s,
*
w hi c h if t he y
g ot a me da l wi t h a na m e , t he y u se d to ca rr y it t o a c e rta in
t e m pl e c o n s e c ra t e t o i m m o r ta li t y . Bu t su c h sw a n s a re ra r e in
”
ou r a
ge De A u gm e n t i s, 1 64 0, p .

Ti s s t ra n g e t ha t de a th sho u l d si n g
’

I a m t he c ygn e t t o t hi s pa l e fa c e d sw a n -

Wh o c ha n t s a do l e fu l h ym n t o h is o wn de a t h .

Ki n g J o hn ,
v .

”
To w n sm a n
’
E n ter a f
o S a i n t A l ba n s , c ry i n g , A m i ra c l e !
G l ou . W ha t m ea ns t hi s n o i se ?
F ll
e ow ,w h a t m i ra c l e do s t t h o u pro c l a i m ?
T o wns A m i ra c l e a m i ra c l e
.

S uf . Co m e t o t h e ki n g a nd t e ll h i m w h a t m i ra c l e .

T own s . F orso o t h , a bli n d m a n a t S a i n t Al b a

’
n s sh ri n e ,

Wi t hin t h i s h a lf h ou r, ha t h
’
-
re c e i v d hi
e s s i gh t

A ma n t ha t n e e r sa w i n h i s l i fe b e fo re .

Ki n g No w , G o d b e pra i se d, t h a t t o b e l i e i n g
. v so u l s

v
Gi e s li gh t i n da rk n ess, c o m fo rt i n de s pa ir

Fm ter the M a y o r
’

f S a i n t A lba
o n s a nd hi s br ethr en , bea ri n g S IM P C O X ,
be tw een t wo i n S I M P CO X S Wi fe f o l lowi n g
’
a c ha i r, .

Ca r. H e re c o m es t he t o w n sm e n on pro c essi o n ,
T o pre se n t yo u r h i gh n e ss w i t h t h e m a n .

Ki n g G re a t i s hi s c o m fo rt i n t hi s e a rt hl y
. vl a e,

Al t h ou gh b y hi s s i gh t hi s si n b e m u l t i pl i e d .

’ “
S wa ns were sa cr ed to Ap o llo (se e Ci c e ro s Tu sc ul , i .

l It i s
‘ ‘
w e l l w ort h y n ot e t h a t O rphe u s, w h o m B a c o n qu o t e s so fre qu en t l y,
wa s, a c c o rdi n g t o Pl a t o , fo ll o w i n g t he Py t h a g o re a n sy st em of t h e t ra ns
“
m i gra t i o n Of so u ls , t u rn e d i n t o a s wa n . Pu ta ba nt a u t em Py t h a go ras,
c orp o ra c u i qu e
p t e ri pro i ta e ge n e re qu od a n t e e gi sse t
a v Q u o m o do e t .

s e c u n du m Pl a t on e m i n X de l e gi bu s O rp h eu s a m o rt e e sse t CYG NUs ;

T ha m y ra s P I O E , H L M LA
” “
85 0 ( D e Pa li n g en e si a Ve t e ru m ,.
”
G u il Irh o vi i . .

A m st e l o da m i , Py t ha go ra s de c la re d t h e so u l o f t he sw a n t o b e
i m m ort a l , b e c a u se i t sa n g a s de a t h a
p pro a c h e d . B en J o n so n w ro t e of

S h a k e sp e a re
S w e e t S w a n o f A o n w ha t a v s i gh t i t w e re
T o se e t h e e i n ou r w a t e rs y e t a ppe a r.
a n P A RA LL E L S

G lo u . S ta nd by , m y m a s t e rs b ri n g h i m n ea r t h e k in g
H is h i ghn ess
'

pl ea s u re i s t o ta lk w i t h h i m .

Ki ng G o od fe ll o w t e ll us h e re t h e c ir c u ms ta n c e ,
. ,

Th a t w e m a y fo r t h e e gl o ri fy t he Lo rd .

Wh a t , h a s t t h o u be e n l o n g bl i n d a n d n o w re st o red
S i mp . B o rn b l i n d, a n
’
t plea se y ou r g ra c e .

Wif e . A y , i n de e d, w a s he .

S uf . Wh a t wo m a n is t hi s ?
Wife . H i s wi fe , a n
’
t li k e y o u r w o rsh i p .

G lo u H a d s t t h o u b e e n hi s m o t he r, t h o u c o u l ds t ha e b e t t e r t o ld
. v .

Ki n g Wh ere w e rt t ho u b orn
.

S i mp A t B e r wi c k i n t he n o rt h , a n t li k e y o u r gra c e
’
. .

K i n g Po o r so u l , G o d s g o odn e s s ha t h b e e n gre a t t o t h ee
’
.

Le t ne v er da y n o r n i gh t u n h a ll o w d pa ss,
’

Bu t s ti ll re m e m b e r w ha t t h e L o rd ha t h do n e .

Q uee n T e ll . m e , g o o d fe ll o w , c a m e s t t h ou h ere b y c ha n c e,

Or of de v o t i o n , t o t hi s h o l y s hri n e ?

S i mp G od k n o w s , O f pu re de o t i o n b e i n g c a ll d
. v ’

A h u n dre d t i m e s a n d O fte n e r, i n m y sl e e p,
By g o o d S a i n t Alba n w ho sa i d, Si m p c o x , c o m e ,
C o m e , O ffe r a t m y sh ri n e , a n d w ill h e l p t he e
”
I .

Wife M o st tru e fo rs oo th a n d m a n y
.
,
t im e a n d o ft

M y se lf ha ve h e a rd a vo i c e t o c a ll hi m 8 0 .

Ca r Wha t a rt t h o u l a m e ?
.
,

A y , G od Al m i gh t y he l p m e
S uf . Ho w ea rn es t t hou so ?
S i mp . A fa ll O ff a t re e .

Wife . A pl u m tre e , m a s t e r
-
.

Glou . H o w l o n g h a s t t ho u b een bli n d

S i mp . O , b o rn so , m a s t er .

Gl ou . W ha t , a nd w o u l ds t c li m b a t re e
S i mp Bu t t h a t i n a ll m y li fe , w he n
. wa s a yo u t h I .

Wif e T o o t ru e a n d b ou ght hi s c l i m b i n g e ry dea r

. v .

. v
Gi ou M a ss , t h o u l o e ds t pl u m s w e l l , t ha t w o u lds t e n t ure v so .

S i mp Al a s , g o od m a s t e r, m y w i fe de si re d so m e da m s o n s,
.

A n d m a de m e c l i m b , w i t h da n ge r o f m y l i fe .

G l ou . A su b t l e kna v e b u t y e t i t sha ll n o t ser e v .

Le t m e se e t hi n e e yes : w i n k n o w : n o w O pe n t he m
’
In m y o pi n i o n y e t th o u se e st n o t w e ll .

S i mp Ye s, m a st er, c lea r a s da y
. t h a n k G o d a n d S a i n t Al ba , I n .

S a y s t t h ou m e s o ? Wha t c o l o u r i s t hi s c lo a k O f
’
Gl oa .

S i m p Re d, m a s t e r ; re d a s bl o o d
. .

Gi ou Why , t ha t s w e ll sa i d
. W ha t c o lour i s m y go wn o f
’
.

S i mp Bla c k , fo rs o o t h ; c o a l b la c k a s j e t
.
-
.

Ki n g . Why , t he n , t hou k n o w
’
st wha t c o l o ur j et is of

S uf . An d ye t , I
t hi n k , j e t di d h e n e e r se e v .

G lo u B u t c l oa k s a n d g o w n s, be fo re t his da y , a man y .

v
.

W ife N e . e r, b e fo re t h i s da y , i n a l l hi s li fe .
 P A RALLE L S . 2 63

’
Glo u . T e ll m e , s i rra h, w ha t s my na me ?
S i mp . Al a s, m a st e r, Ik n o w n ot .

’
G l ou . Wha t s hi s ’
na me
S i mp . Ik n ow n o t.

G l ou . No r hi s ?
S i mp . NO i n de e d m a s t e r
, ,
.

G lo n. Wha t s t hi n e O f a n a m e
’

S i mp . S a u n de r S i m pc o x , a n i f i t pl e a se y ou , m a st er .

Gl ou . T h e n , Sa u n der, si t t h e re , v
t h e l y i n ge s t k n a e i n Chri st en do m . If
t h ou h a dst b e e n b o rn bl i n d, t h o u m i g ht st a s w e ll h v a e k n ow n a ll ou r n a m es
a s t hu s t o n a m e t h e s e e ra l c o l o u rs w e do w e a v S i gh t m a y di st i n gu i sh
r.

O f c o l o u rs , bu t su dde n l y to n om in a te t h e m a l l , i t i s i m p o ss ib l e M y l o rds , .

S a i n t Alba nhere h a t h do n e a m i ra c l e a n d w o u l d y e n o t t hi n k hi s c u n n i n g

t o b e gre a t , t h a t c o u l d re st o re t hi s c ri ppl e t o h i s l e g s a ga i n ?

2 Ki n g H e n ry VI .
,
a ct ii . se .

It i s a re m a r k a bl e t hi n g t hi s sc e n e cit ed i s la i d a t Sa i n t
A lba n
’
s .

Hu m p hre y ,
Du k e Of Ri c hm o n d, w ho pla s so la rg e a pa r t i n y
t hi s p la y( u n c le to Ki n g H e n r y ’
w a s bu ri e d i n S t A lba n s

A bb e y d t o t hi s da y hi s t o m b i s p o i n t e d o u t t o t he i si t o r
,
a n v .

k
It i s i n de e d r e m a r a bl e ho w pr o m i n e n t l he i s br o u ght fo rw a rd y
i n t he s e c o n d
p a rt O f
“
Ki n
g H e nr t h e S i x t h (e n t i t l e d i n t he y
F o li o , “
The se c o n d p a r t O f Ki n g H e n r y t h Si th wit h t h
e x ,
e de a t h
Of t he G o o d Du k e in c on t x t wi t h S t A lb
e a n s,
’
hi s
bu r i a l pla c e .
“
The re w a s a La t i n i n sc ri pt i o n t o t he m e m o r y of

t he G o o d Du k e H u m p hr e y , on t he e a st w a ll (
n ow rem o v ed ) of

t he a i sl e ( of t he a bb e y) ,
w ri t t e n by a m a st e r Of t h e G ra m m a r

S c ho o l i n t he sev e n t e e n t h c e n t u r y . It c on ta in ed a n a l l u si o n t o a

re li gi o u s fra u d, p ra c t i s e d by a m a n w ho p re t e n de d he ha d b e e n
m ira c u l o u sl y ’
r e st o r e d t o s i ht a t t he shri n e o f S t A lba n s , a n d
g
sa id t o ha v e b e e n e x p o se d by Duk e H u m phr e S ha e sp e a r e y . k
d e sc rib e s t he l e ge n d i n t he s e c o n d pa rt O f H e nr t he Si t h,
‘
y x ’

”
M
’
a c t t h e se c o n d, t he sc e n e b e i n a i d a t S t Alba n s
l (
’

g a s o n s

G u i de t o S t A lba n s
In 1 7 03 t he b o d y of t he Du k e wa s di s c o v e re d, fro m t he

fo llo wi n g a c c i de n t a l o c c a si o n . In t hi s y ea r a fli ght Of st o n e

st ep s w e re di sc o v e r e d i n t he p e l by a m a n w ho w a s di ggi n g a
c ha

g ra v e t he re , fo r t he fa m il y O f G a p e , l e a di n g t o a n a rc he d st o n e
2 64 P A RAL LE L S .

v a u lt , w he re t he re m a in s o f t hi s p ri n c e fo u n d de po s i t e d i n a
w e re

fl u id a n d in a le a d c o ffi n co v e re d w i t h w o o d, w hi c h lea d c o ffi n

t im e ha d n o t e n t i re l yd y e ca ed . A ga i n st t he w a ll of t he ea st e n d

of t he so u t h a i sl e , c lo se to t he m o n u m e n t , w a s t he fo llo wi n g
i n s c ri pt i o n pa i n t e d u
p o n t he w a ll i n bla c k
P133 M e m o rire V . O pt .

Sa c ru m

S e ro t i n u m .

Hic j a cet H U M I H RE DU S , D u x i lle G L O UEs T n I Us

’
O li m

HE N R C I I S e xt i Pro t e c to r, fra u dis i n c e ptze

De t ec t o r, du m ti e ta n o la t m i ra c u la c oc c i

Lu m e n e ra t pa t u
'

ae , c o lu m e n v b i l i Re g ni ,
e n e ra

Pa c i s a ma n s, M u i s q fa v e n s
. m e li o ri b u s, u n de
G ra t u m O X O NI O , qu se n u n c S c o la sa c ra re fu lg e t
O pu s

Iv
n i di a s e d m u l i e r Re g n o , Re g i , s i bi n e qu a m

A b s t u li t n u n c h u m i l i , v i x ho c di g n a ta se pu l c h ro
I vidi
n a ru m pe n t e ts m e n , po st fu n e ra vi v t a .

De o Glo ri a .

Sa cr ed to the p i o us m e m or y o f a n exce llent ma n .

I n t e rre d w i t hi n t hi s c o n se c ra t e d gro u n d
L i es he , w ho m H E N Y hi
R s
pro t e c t o r fo u n d
G o od H UM P H Y RE , Gl ou c es ter s "
Du k e , w h o w e l l c o u ld

F ra u d c o u c h
’
d w i t hi n t h e bl i n d i m p o s t o r s
’
e ye .

H is c ou n t r ys ’
de li gh t , -
t h e S t a te
’
s re v e r
’
d su pport ,

Who pea c e a n d ri s i n g l e a rn i n g de ign d t o ’

c o u rt .

Wh e n c e hi s ri c h lib ra ry a t O fo rd pla c d x ’

H e r a m ple sc h o o ls w i t h sa c re d i n fl u e n c e gra c d
’
.

’
Y e t fe ll b e n e a t h a n e n i o u s w o m a n s w i l e , v
B o t h t o h e rse l f, h e r ki n g , a n d ki n gdo m Vi le
W ho sca rc e a ll o w d hi s b o n e s t his s po t o f la n d,
’

Ye t s pi t e o f e n vy sha ll h i s gl o ry s ta nd .

The fa c t t ha t t hi s sc e n e o f t he de t e c t i o n Of t he m i ra c le -
k
wo r i n g

i m p o st o r, i s la i d a t Sa i n t A lba n s,
’

g o es a l o n g w a y t o p ro e t he v
a ut ho r wa s a c q ua i n t e d wi t h t he m i n u t e de ta i ls O f t he o c c u rr e n c e .

T ha t S ha k e sp ea r e s ho u l d ha v e be e n i m pre s se d w i t h t hi s
i n c i de n t i s e x t re m e l y do u b t fu l, b u t t ha t B a con s ho u ld, fro m hi s
e a rli e st y ea rs, ha v e be e n a c q ua in t e d w i t h t hi s hi s t o r y ,
s ta n ds to

rea so n , se e i n g G o rha m bu ry i s a bo u t t w e n t y m in u tes w a l

’
kf ro m

t he Abb e y . Ha t fi e ld, t he a n cien t sea t Of hi s u n c le , L o rd Bur

 P ARA L LE L S . 2 65

l e i gh, i s on l yfi ve m i le s fr o m S t Alba n ’s , a n d is n ow t he r e si de n c e

Of L o r d Sa li sb u r y B . a c on s ho w s in on e li n e i n t hi s p la ho w y
w e ll a c q ua i n t e d he w a s wi t h t he fa m i l y y
hi st o r O f t hi s pri n c e l y
p la ce . Fo r he m a k es S a li sbu ry sa
y :

Bu t Wi lli a m Of H a t fi e l d di e d w i t ho u t a n heir .

Su c h a de t a i l i s n ot li k lye t o ha v e c om e fro m t he p e n Of

S ha k A n d t he pu t t i n g t hi s li n e In t he m o u t h
e sp e a r e . Of t he

y
E a rl o f Sa li sbu r i s pro o f p o si t i e t he a u t ho r w a s a c o n v B . C e c il,
B ’
a c o n s c ou s i n , wa s Ea rl of Sa li sb u r y , t hi s b e i n g t he t i t l e of t he
fa m i l y li vi n
g a t Ha t fi i t i s t o t hi s da y
e ld, a s . Willi a m of Ha t fi e ld

Wa s se c o n d s o n to Ki n g E dw a rd t he T hi rd .

M US I C .

A s m u si c i a ns u se d t o do w i t h t ho s e t ha t da nce t o o lon g
“
ga lli a rds ( O f Di s c o ur s e

S i r T oby B e lc h . Why do st t h ou n ot go t o c hu rc h in a ga lli a rd

I di d t hi nk by t h e e xc e ll e n t c o n st i t u t i on of t hy l e g, i t w a s fo rm d
’
u n de r

t he st a r O f a ga l li a rd .
(Tw e l ft h N i gh t ,
a ct i . se .

No t i c e ho w M u si c a nd M oon li ght a re i n t ro du c e d t o g e t he r i n t he
M e rc ha n t Of Ve n i c e
M u s i c , ha rk .

Ner It . is y ou r m u s i c ,
m a da m , Of t h e h o u se .

Pe a c e, n ow, t h e M o on sl e e p s wi t h En d m i o n , y
’
A n d w o u ld n ot be a wa k d .

(Ac t v . so .

H o w sw e e t t he m o on l i gh t sl e e ps u p o n t hi s b a n k ,
H e r e w i ll w e si t , a n d l e t t h e s ou n ds o f m u s i c
Cre e p i n o u r e a rs, so ft s t ill n e ss , a n d t he n i gh t ,

B e c o m e t h e t o u c he s o f sw e e t h a rm o n y .

(I b )
.

C o m pa r e :
“
T he r e b e i n m u si c c erta in fig u r e s, or t ro p e s ;
2 66 P A RA L L E L S .

a lm o st a
gre e i n g w i t h t he fig u re s O f Rhe t o ri c a nd wi t h t he a ti c e
t ion s Of t he m i n d, a nd o t he r s e n se s . Fi rs t , t he di vi si o n a n d
q ua v e ri n g, w hi c h pl ea se so m u c h i n m u si c , ha v e a n a
g re e m e n t
”
w i t h t he gli t t e ri n g Of li ght , a s the m oo n bea ms p la yi n g on a wa ve

yv
S l a Sy lv a ru m ,
”
Exp .

The se t t i n g s u n ,
a n d m us ic a t the c l os e ,

A s t h e l a s t t a s te o f sw e e t s , is s w e e t es t la s t .

Ri c ha rd a ct ii . so .

Ho w e xa ctl y t hi s r e e c ho e s
-
B a con
°
T he s li di n g fro m t he
c lo se o r ca de n c e , ha t h a n a
g re e m e n t i n Rhe t o ri c , w hi c h t he y ca ll
P rce te r exp e c ta tu m (Ih )
'

It i s fi rst to be c o n si de re d, w ha t Gr ea t M oti o ns t he se a re in
Na t u re ,
w hi c h pa ss wi thou t sou n d or n oi se . T he Hea vens t u rn

a bo u t i n a m o st ra p i d m o t i o n , wi thou t n oi se to a s p e rce i ved ; t ho u gh

in som e drea ms t he yhv a e been sa id t o m a k e a n e x ce ll e n t m u si c

(
“
yv
S l a S ylva ru m , Ce n t . II .
,
Ex p .

Th e m o o n s hi n es b ri gh t —i n s u c h a n i g h t a s th i s,
Wh e n t he swe e t w i n d di d g e n t l y k i s s t h e t re es ,
A n d they di d m a ke n o n oi s e .

M e rc h a n t of Ve n i c e , a ct i .

S o ft s t i ll n e ss , a n d t he n i gh t ,

Be c o m e t he t o u c h e s o f s we e t h a rm o n y .

Si t, J e ss i c a . L o o k , h o w t he fl o or o f he a ve n
Is t h i c k i n la i d w i t h pa t i n e s O f b ri ght go ld
’ ’
T h e re s n o t t he s m a ll e s t o rb w h i c h t h o u b e h o ld s t ,
Bu t i n hi s m o t i o n l i k e a n a n ge l s i n gs ,
S t i l l qu i ri n g t o t h e y ou n g e y e d c h e r ubi m s -

S u c h h a rm o n y i s i n i m m o rt a l so u l s
Bu t wh i l s t t hi s m u ddy e s tu r e o f de ca y v
Do t h gro ssl y c l o se i t i n , w e ca n n ot hea r i t .

M e rc ha n t o f Ve n i c e , a ct i .

B a c on a l so wr i t e s :
“
T he Wi n ds i n t he u
pp e r re
gi o n s, w hi c h

mo v e t he c l o u ds a bo v e, w hi c h w e ca ll t he ra c k , a nd a re not

p erc e i v ed b e lo w , p a ss wi thou t n oi se T he l o w e r w i n ds i n a p la in , .

e x c e p t t he y
b e st ro n g, ma ke no n oi se S l a Sy lv a ru m ,
”
yv
v
T he st u de n t m a y p e r c e i e b o t h Ba c o n a n d t he a u t ho r O f t he
 P A RA L LE L S . 2 67

l y
p a s a llu de to the mu si c of the Sp heres, w hi c h b e l o n gs t o Pla t o ,
a l t ho u h w e a r e o f O i n i o n
g p a c o n i s t hi n i n
g O f t h e fra gm e B
nt b
y k
“ ”
C i c e r o , c a ll e d The Drea m of S cip i o, i n a sm u c h a s he w ri t e s,
t ho u gh i n some drea m s t he yh v a e be en sa id t o m a k e a n e x c e ll e n t

m u si c .
”
T he p a
ll e l s i n t he se p a ssa ge s t ou c h n o t o n l la n gu a ge
ra y
j
b u t su b e c t m a t t e r , fo r Ci c e ro e xp r e ss e s t he sa m e i de a a b o u t t hi s
m u si c Of t he S p he r e s
”
a s P la t o . Bu t i t i s p o ssi bl e Ba con

allu de s t o t he p la s, fo r he wr i t e s a y t t he c o m m e n c e m e n t Of t he

Thi rd o o , “
B k y
P o e s i s a s i t w e r e a drea m f
o kn owledge ; a sw e e t

p l ea si n
g t hi n
g ,
ful l O f v a ri a t i o n s : a n d w o u ld b e t ho u ght t o b e
s o m e w ha t i n s i re d w i t h di i n e ra
p v
p t u r e ; whi ch drea m s li kewi se
”
p reten d .

It i s t ru e , n e v e r t h e l e ss , t ha t a grea t li ght dro w n e t h a sm a ll e r ,

tha t i t ca n no t be seen ; a s t he su n t ha t Of a
glo w w o rm a
-
s w e ll a s

a
g re a t so u n d dro w n e t h t he l e sse r
”
y
S lv a Sy lv a ru m ,
”

P or ti a . Th a t li gh t w e se e i s b u rn i n g i n m y h a ll ,
H o w fa r t h a t li t t l e c a n d l e t h row s hi s b e a m s
S O shi n e s a g o o d dee d i n a n a u gh t y w orld .

Neri ssa . Wh e n t h e m o on sh o n e w e di d n o t see t he c a n dl e .

P or ti a . S o doth the gr ea ter gl or y di m the l ess .

”
M e rc h a n t o f e n i c e , a c t V v . so . 1 ,

A fe w li n e s fu rt he r on , B a c on i n t ro du c e s ca n dles, s ho w i n
g t h e

i de n t i t y of t ho u ght i n b o t h pa ge s ssa

A n d two ca n dles k
O f li e li ht w i ll n o t m a
g k e t hi n gs se em t wi c e
a s fa r O ff a s o n e yv
S l a S yl v a r u m ,
”

B a con w ri t e s (B o o k III .
,
“
Ad v a n c e m en t , p 1 34 )
. T o fa ll
su dde n l yf ro m Di scord up on a Con cord c o m m e n ds t he a i r, i s a
a
”
rul e i n m u si c the li ke ej ect i t worke th i n mora li ty a n d the a ffec ti on s
’

C o m pa r e

Theseu s . M erry a nd t ra g i c a l ? T e di ou s a n d b ri e f ? Thi s i s h o t i c e a nd

w o n dro u s st ra n ge sn o w . H o w sh a l l w e fi n d the c on cord o f thi s di scor d ?

y
A phi lo so ph O f O pp o si t i o n o r c o n t ra st , a s li ght a n d sha do w ,
i n di sp e n sa bl e t o t he p e rfe c t i o n O f a ll a rt , i s a ppa r e n t i n b o t h
2 68 P A RA L LE L S .

t he s e pa ssa
g es . Ma rk to w ha t pro fo u n d e xt e n t B a co n ha d
“
a
p pli e d t hi s la w t o e t hi c s ( mora li ty a nd the a n d le t
us re fl ec t t ha t t he a rt O f t he Dra m a t i s t de pe n ds la rge l y u po n t hi s

t u r n i n g O f di sc o rd i n t o c o n c o rd o r t he ir O ppo s i t es . It i s e vi de n t
B a con ha d ri ght l y a pp re he n de d a n d s t u di e d t he e ffe c t Of li ght
a nd s ha de i n t he rea lm s of pa ss i o n, m o ra li t y ,
a nd a ffe c t i o ns ,
w hi c h c o n st i t u t e t he pla y w i ght
r
’
s st o c ki
-
n -
t ra de a nd t he i r ri ght ,

o r e t hi ca l u se .

I un de rsta n d i t t ha t t he so n g be i n Qu i re pla ced a lo ft ,

a nd a c c o m pa n i e d wi t h so m e broken m u si c
”
(
“
Ma s q u es a nd

T ri u m phs

H ere i s go od br oke n m u si c .
“
( Tro i lus a nd Cre ss i da , a c t 1 ii . se .

Bu t i s t h e re a n y e l se l o n gs t o see t his br oken m us i c i n h is si de s ?

“ ”
( A s Yo u Lik e It , a ct i . so .
 ”
M u l t o s a b so l v e m u s , s i c oe pe ri m us a n te j u di c a re qua m i ra sc i S e n e ca .

de Ira , lib i i i
. . c.

v
Di s b e li e e a ft e r i n qui ry , i f y o u se e ca u se t o ; b u t n e e r b egi n wi t h di s v
Pre m a t u re c o n de m n a ti o n is t he fo o l s fu n c ti on
’
b e li e f. It g oes fo r n o t hi n g .

v
t o s a y t h a t t he e i den c e o f t he t ru t h o f a p ro pos i ti o n does n o t a ppe a r
‘

Do .

v
y o u se e t h e e i de n c e o f i t s fa l si t y ? Be fo re y o u rej ec t a pro pos i ti o n o r se ri es
o f pro po si ti o n s , fo r w ha t y ou su ppo s e t o b e t h e ir e rror, ta k e ca re t h a t y o u

a
ppre h e n d a ll t h e i r t ru t h o r a s Ca rl y l e s hre w dl y a d i s e s, Be su re t ha t y ou v
se e , b e fo re you a ssu m e to o ve rse e Li fe ,
”
p 1 67 , G ri
. n do n ) .

F a c i le es t ut qui s A u gus t in u m vi n ca t, vi dea n t u t ru m v e ri ta te

Mrs Po tt , p
’
c la m o re (Ba c on s 2 63, .
 C HAP TE R I .

B AC ON A ND T H E RO S I C R U C I AN S .

I sh o u l d h e re e x c e pt som e c yn i c s M e n i pp u s Di o ge n e s t ha t The b a n

HA NLY W I F A
,

C ra t e s, or t o de sc e n d t o t h e s e t i m es , T T O M NIS C IOU S O SE R T ER

NIT Y O F TH E ROS I E C RO S S , t h o s e gre a t t h e ol o gu e s, p li t i i

o ph il ph
c a n s, o so e rs ,

ph y s i c i a n s , ph i l o l o g e rs , a rt i st s , & c , o f w h o m , S t r B i dg t A l be J him
,
a s o a ec u s,

v v
.

L e i c e n b ergi u s , a n d su c h ha e pro ph esi e d, a n d m a de pro m i s e

di i n e s pi ri t s ,

t o t h e w o rl d, i f a t l ea s t t h ere b e a n y su c h (H e n Ne u h u si u s m a k e s a do u b t o f .

V x
_

i t, a l e n t i n u s A n dre a s , a n d o t h e rs ) , o r a n El i a s Art i fe , t h e i r Th e o h ra s t i a n
p
m a s t er w h o m , t h ou gh L i b a v i u s a n d m a n y de ri de a n d c a rp a t , y et som e w i ll
ha ve to be the RE E W E R O F N ALL
A R T S A ND S C I E C E S , R E F O R E R O F T H E N M
W OR L D A ND NO W L IVI NG
"
(Bu rt o n
’
s
“
An a t o m y of M e l a n c h ol y .
” “
D em o
t u s t o t h e Re a der, p 72,
'

cu .

U t o pi a n v
pa ri t y i s a ki n d o f g o ern m e n t , t o b e w i sh e d for ra t h e r t h a n
e ffe c t e d, RE S P U B C H RI ST IA NO P O LIT A NA , C a m pa n e ll a s C I T
.
’
O F T H E S U N, Y
a n d t ha t LAN I
NE W AT T S, w i tt y ficti on s b u t m ere c hi m era s . F o o tn o t e

N VAL N AN A ULAM
“ ” “
J OH E T D RE S, L O RD VE R (p . 6 0, De m o c ri t u s t o t he
”
Re a de r, I
“
O u r a ge do t h pro du c e m a n y su c h , o n e O f t h e gre a t e st (i m po st ors ) b e i n g
a ST GE P A LAY
E R , a m a n w i t h su ffi c i e n t i n g e n u i t y for i m p o s i t i o n
”
” “
( Ro si
c ru c i a n C o n fe ss i o n ,

DE Q UINCEY S ’
c e l e b ra ted
“
I q iyi
n u r n to t he O ri gi n Of t he Ro si

c ru c i a n s a n d Fr e e m a -
so n s i s fu ll Of fa ls e st a t e m e n t s, u n di
ge st e d
e v ide n c e , a n d su p er c i a fi l a ssu m p t i o n s . Fo r e xa m ple , De Q ui n c e y
w ri t e s : C e rta i n fo lli e s a nd c hi m e ra s Of t he Ro si c ru c i a ns
(a s

g o ld ma ki n
g)
”
Thi s i s a n e rro r a lm o s t ev er yw ri t e r on t hi s

su b e c t j fa lls i n t o . Bu t t he Ro si c ru c i a ns di d n ot p reten d, or a im a t
Of t he Alc hym i st s, w i t h w ho m
*
gold ma ki n g, w hi c h w a s a dre a m
t he y a re O ft e n c o n fo u n de d, b e ca u se ma n y of t he i r do c t ri n e s a nd

ten e ts a re dra w n fro m Al c hy m i c a l s o u r c e s, a n d a r e c o u c he d in

“
Th e c el e b ra t e d Rosi c ru c i a n Th o m a s Va u gh a n w ri t es i n t h e S e c re t s
—“ I di s d
, ,

Re v ea le d o r, a n o p e n w a y t o t h e sh u t p a l a c e o f t h e Ki n g a in ,
”
I
lo a t he , I de t est , t hi s ido l i si n g O f go l d a n d si l e r, b y t h e pri c e w he re o f t he v
p o m ps a nd v
a n i t i e s o f t h e w o rl d a re c e l e b ra t e d We t ra e l t h rou gh m a n y . v
n a t i on s , j u st lik e vgb
a a o n ds .
”
 2 72 B A C O N A ND T H E R O S I CR U CI A NS .

Al c hy m i ca l t e rm s . No r i s i t t o b e de n i e d t he r e w e re Ro s i
c ru c a n s i w ho w e re Al c hy m i st s a t t he sa m e t im e, a nd w ho m i ght
ha v e c a rri e d o n t he w o r k o f se e g for
gki
o l d n B u t t he i n t ern a l .

e v i de n c e ffo rde d b y t he
a Ro s i c ru c i a n M a n i fe s t o e s m u st b e o u r
j ud e
g . In t he c e le b ra t e d Ro si c ru c i a n M a n i fe st o of 1 61 4 (on

t he t i t le pa
g e of t he t hi rd Fra n kf o rt e di t i o n we r ea d, “
Fi rs t

pri n t e d a sse l , t Ca t he y ea r S ha k e sp ea re di e d) , e n t i t l ed

Fa m a Fra t e rn i ta t i s ; or a Di s c o v e r y Of t he F ra t e rn i t y Of t he

m o s t la u da ble O rde r Of t he Ro s yC ro s s Bu t n o w c o n c e rn i n g ,

a n d c hi e fly i n t hi s ou r a e
g , the u n godly a nd a ccu rse d gold ma ki n g, *

w hi c h ha t h go t t e n so m u c h t he pe r up ha n d, w he re b u n de r c o lo u r y
Of it, m a n y ru n a g tesa a n d ro gu i s h p e o ple do u se gre a t v i lla i n i e s,
a n d c oz en a n d a b u se t he c re di t w hi c h i s gi v en t he m ,
”
&c .
(p 8 2 , .

Wa i t e s ’ “
Rea l H i st o r y of t he Ro si c ru c i a n s
T hro u gho u t t he Ro si c ru c i a n C o n fe ssi o n s a nd M a n i fe st o e s we

fin d o bs e r a v t io n a nd st u d y Of Na t ur e i n c u l ca t e d a nd re c o m

m e n de d i n t ho ro u ghl yB a c o n ia n la n gu a
ge , a n d pla c e d b e fo re go ld
ma ki n
g . Thi s i n de e d i s t he st ri i n g k a n d st ra n e
g pa ra lle l ru n n i n g
bet wee n B ’
a c o n s g re a t s st e m Of y I
du c t i o n by e xp e rim e n t a l
n

r e s ea rc h in to Na t u re ,
t ha t the Rosi cru ci a ns j oi ne d ha n ds wi th
hi m . The w ho le of t he B a c o n ia n p hi l o s o ph y m a y be su m m e d

up i n t he end t o di s c o v er
“
how f a r ma
’
n s kno wle dge extende th

in na tu re 2 T O t hi s w a s j oi n e d t he o v e rt hro w O f t he a u t ho ri t y
Of Ari st o t le , w hi c h w a s t he e a rli e s t n o ti c e we ha ve Of B a co n s
’

p re c o c it y w he n a fre shm a n a t Ca m b ridge . Th e di sc o v y er of

t he Ne w Wo rld by C o lu m bu s so fi re d hi s m i n d, t ha t he
a pp li e d t he s i m i le of p lu s n l tra , i
'
n ot onl yt o hi s da ri n g m e t ho d,

Bu t t hu s y o u se e , w e m a i n ta i n a t ra de , n o t fo r g o ld, s i l e r, o r j e w e ls ;
“
v
n o r for si lk s ; n o r fo r sp i c e s n o r a n y o t he r c o m m o di t y O f m a t t e r b u t o n ly
fo r G od s fi rs t c rea t u re , w h i c h w a s L i gh t t o ha e Li gh t ( sa y ) o f t he gro wt h
’
v I
o f a l l pa rt s o f t h e w o rld
”
( Ne w
“
Co m pa re Ro b e rt l u dd F
L i gh t i s t h e c a u se o f a l l e n ergi es —n i hi l i n hoc m u n do p er a c t wm f u e ri t, si n e
” “
( H i s t o ry o f t he Ro s i c r uc i a n s , p 2 9 2
"
l u ci s m edi ta ti on e a u t a ctu di v i n o . .

Wa i te qu o t e d fro m Fl ’
u dd s
'
ITa c t . 1 61 7 . De L u c e ) .

v
,

l
' “
W he re fo re ,
s c i e n c es a l so h a e, as i t w e re , the i r f a ta l co lu m n s ; be i n g
m en a re n ot e x it d
c e ,
e i t he r o u t of De si re , or H o pe , t o pe n e tra t e fa r t he r
t I t
“
(Pre fa c e , G rea n s a u ra t io n
 B A C ON A ND T H E R O S I CR U CIA NS . 2 73

bu t t a k es t he e m ble m Of a shi p sa i li n g b e y on d t he
pi lla rs o f
H e rc u l e s , *
fo r t he t i t le p a g e -
en
g ra v i n
g ,
a n d e m bl e m of t he
“
Nov u m Orga n u m , a n d Ad
” “
v a n cem en t Of L e a r n i n g,
”
1 64 0 . He
sa y s :
“
F o r ho w l o n g sha ll w e l e t a few recei ved a u thors sta n d u
p
li k H erc u le s c o l u m n s, be y on d w hi c h t he r e sha ll b e ili n g
’
e n o sa or

di s c o v e r yi n sc i e n c e , w he n w e ha v e so b r i ght a nd b e n i gn a nt a

st a r a s y ou r Ma j ty t
es o c o n du c t a nd pro sp e r u s ?
”
The se “
fe w
re ce i ved a u thors w e re Ar i st o t l e , G a l e n , P o rp h r yy ,
a nd o t he r s .

A B ook f
o Na tu re wa s on e of B a c on s
’
c h e ri sh e d dre a m s, Of

w hi c h t he
“
S l yv a Syl v a ru m is a n e x e m p la r or s k et ch . No w
if t h e rea de r w i ll c a r e fu ll y re a d a n d a na y
l se t he Ope n i n
g Of t he
“
Fa m a F ra t e rn i t a t i s or a Di sc o v e r y O f t he Fra t e r n i t y Of t he

m o st la u da bl e O rde r Of t he Ro s yC r o ss
(1 61 4 ,
Ca ss e l
) ,
he w i ll
fi n d a l l t he s e p o i n t s c l o se l yp k a c ed t o ge t h e r .

S e e i n g t he o n l y wi se a n d m er c i fu l G o d i n t he se la t t e r da y s

ha t h p o u r e d o u t so ri c hl H i s m e rc a n d g o o dn e ss t o m a n ki n d, y y
y
w he r e b w e do a t ta i n m o r e a n d m o r e t o t he p e rfe c t n ow le d e
g k
Of H i s So n J e su s C hri st a n d of Na t u re ,
t ha t j u st l yw e m a y b o a st

of t he ha pp y tim e w he r e i n t he re i s i n ot on l y di scove red u n to u s the

ha lf p a rt of the world, w hi c h w a s he re t o fo r e u n k n ow n a n d hi dde n ,

b u t H e ha t h a l so m a de m a n i fe st u n t o u s m a n y w o n de rfu l a nd

ne v er he re t o fo re se e n w or k s a n d c re a t u re s Of Na t u r e ,
a n d, m o r e
o v e r, i se d m e n , i n du e d w i t h gre a t w i sdo m , w hi c h m i ght
ha t h ra

p a r t l r e n e w i
L
a y
n d r e du c e a ll a rt s i n t hi s o u r sp o tt e d a n d i m e r
( p
fe et a g e ) t o p e rfe c t i o n , so t ha t n a ll m a n m i ght t he r e b u n de r fi y y
It i s i n N a t u re a s i t i s i n Re li gi o n we a re s t i l l h a m m eri n g o f O ld e l e

m e n t s , bu t seek n o t the A m er i c a tha t l i es be yon d them The Au t h or t o

t h e Rea de r,
”
Th o m a s V a u
gh a n,
“
A n t hro p o so ph i a H e re i s
Ba con s
’
i n flu en c e vi i bl s e (i . e .
, p lu s u l tr a ) , ex m pli fi
e ed by a Ro si c ru c i a n .

i “
Fl u dd u se s t he sa m e w ords :
“
U n de F
fi t qu o d ra t re s re n o v a t i o n e m et

re s t a u ra t i o n e m m u n di e t hi c a m se n m o ra l e m , h o e e st m o ru m , sc i e n ti a r u m , et

a r ti u m i n s ta u ra ti o n e m , c orre c t i o n e m et e xa l ta ti o n em , et ho m i n u m i n oh
” “
C o m pa
’
s c u ri t a te, &c .
( Tra c t a t u s re Ba con s t i t le i n c hi e f,

M a gn a I n sta u ra ti o .

Re sta ba t i ll u d u nu m u t r es de i n tegr o ten te tu r m e li o ri bu s p r cesidi i s, u tgu e

'

s ci en ti a ru m c i a r ti u m tqu e om n i s hu m a n es doc tr i n oe i n u n i versu m I n s ta u r

fi a t a

a ti o , a de bi ti s c xc i ta ta f u n da m e n ti s F ra n c i s c u s de V e ru l a m i o si c c o gi t a v i t ,
”

v ol . i .
, Phil . Wk s .
,
S p e ddi n g ) .
2 74 B A C O N A ND T H E R O S /C R U CI A NS .

s ta n d hi s own d w hy he i s ca lle d M ic ro
n o ble n e s s a nd w o rt h, a n

c osm u s, a n d how
fa r hi s kno wledge exte n deth i n N a tu re .

“
Al t ho u gh t he ru de w o rld he re w i t h w i ll b e bu t li t t le pl ea s ed,
bu t ra t he r s m i l e a n d sc o ff t he r e a t l so t he p ri de a n d c o e t o u sn e ss
a v
of t he lea rn e d is i t w i ll n o t su fle r t he m t o a gre e t o ge t he r
’

g re a t ,so

bu t were the y u n i ted, t he y m i ght o u t o f a ll t ho se t hi n gs w hi c h i n

t hi s o u r a
ge G o d do t h so ri c hl yb e st o w u po n u s , c o lle c t Librwm
Na tu res ,
o r, a P e rfe c t M e t ho d Of a ll A rt s . Bu t su c h i s t he i r
O
pp o s i t i o n t ha t t he y s t ill k e e p, a n d a re lo t h t o l e a v e, t he O ld c o u rse ,

e st e e m i n P r h r , A ri stotle, a n d Ga le n , a , a n d t ha t w hi c h b a t h
g o p y y y e

bu t a m e re s ho w O f le a rn i n g, m o r e t ha n t he c le a r a n d m a n i fe s t

Li ght a nd T ru t h (Wa i t e s
’ “
Rea l H i st o r y Of t he Ro si c ru c i a ns

If t hi s w a s n ot w ri t t e n o r i n spi re d by B a con hi m se lf, a ll we

c a n sa
y i s ,
a c o n s c la i m a s B ’
t he pro ta go n i st o r re pre se n t a t i v e Of

v
t he re o l t a ga i n s t Ar i s t o t l e i s s e ri o u s l y t hrea t e n e d, a nd w e m u st
“
c o n si de r t he a u t ho r of t hi s Fa m a F ra t e rn i ta t i s (su pp o s e d to

ha v e e xi s t e d in ma n u s c ri
p t a s ea rl y a s 1 6 1 0, a s a pp e a rs in a

p a ssa
g e i n t he C a s se l e di t i o n 1 6 1 4 ) i n t he li ght
Of Of a se ri ou s

ri v a l
p gal i a ri s t O f
or a con B . y
Bu t n o b o d w ill b e li e v e t hi s . The
de t a i ls O f t hi s pa ssa ge a r e so w o n de rfu ll y re fl ect ed by so m e Of

B a c on s
’

p e c u li a r a n d c he ri s he d e n ds , t ha t t he pa ra ll e l i s t o o s t ri k
i n g t o be e i t he r a c c ide n t a l, or i m i ta t i o n . Fo r e xa m pl e , w e fin d

t he i de a o f sc i e n t i fi c c o l la y
b o ra t i o n i n ph si ca l r e sea rc h i n c ul ca t e d,
j u st a s w e fin d i t i n B a
’
c o n s w r i t i n gs, w hi c h r e su lt e d i n t he fo r

m a tion Of t he Ro y a l So c i e t y . A B k oo Of Na t u re , I/ibru m
N o r a c o l le c t i o n O f Na t u ra l H i st o ry ,
wa p e c u li a r i dea
s a

Of B a c o n s,
’
u po n w hi c h S p e ddi n g c om m e n t s : He mi ght st i ll
i n de e d ha v e ho p e d t o a rri v e ul t im a t el y a t a n A lp ha bet f Na tur e
o

(h i s p ri n c i pl e s b e i n g pro b a bl yfw e a n d si m pl e , t hou gh hi s phe n o

m e n a b e e n o rm ou sl c o m pl e y x) b ut he w o u ld ha v e fo un d t ha t a

di c ti on a ry or i n dex of Na tu re (a n d su c h wa s t o b e t he O ffi c e of t he
‘
Na t u ra l Hi s t o ry ) ’
t o be c o m pl e t e e n o u gh fo r t he p u rp o se s Of

a » a
I
Fo r w a n t t h i s pri m a ry his t o ry t o b e c o m p i l ed w i t h a m o s t re l ig i o u s
v
ca re , a s i f e e ry pa rti c u la r w e re s t a t e d u po n o a t h se e i n
g t ha t is t h e boo k of
G od s wor ks, a n d (s o fa r a s t h e m a j es t y o f hea e n ly m a y be c o m pa re d wi t h t he
’
v
hu m b l en ess o f ea rt hly t hi n gs ) a ki n d of secon d S cr ip tu r e .
 B A C O N A ND T H E R O S I CR U C I A NS . 2 75

t he No vu m O rga num ,
’
m u st b e n e a rl y a s v o lu m i n o u s a s Na t u re
”
he rs e lf P
( hi l \Vk s . .
,
v ol . i p
. .

W e re a d i n t he Fa m a F ra t e rn i t a t i s
”
:
“
Aft e r t hi s m a n n er b e ga n

t he Fra t e rn i t y of Ro si e Cr o ss— fi rst b y fo u r p e rso n s o n l , a n d

t he y
b y t he m w a s m a de t he m a gi c a l la n gu a g e a n d w ri t i n g w i t h a la rge
di c ti o n a ry .
”
B a c on c la i m s t he e x c lu si v e c op
g ht tyo t h
rii s i de a o f
a Li bru m Na tu res . H e w ri t e s :
“
A tgu e p osteri u s hoe n u n c a gi tu r ;
i n gu a m, a n teha c egu e e n i m A ristote les, a u t
l

n unc n eque u n gu a m .

Theop hra stu s, a nt Di oscori des, a ut '

Ca i u s P li n iu s, m u lta m i nu s m odern i ,
hu n c j i n e m (de qu e loga i m u r ) hi stori es n a tu ra li s u n gua m si bi p rop osu er
a nt
”
. B
a c o n w a s w ro n , for t he p a s sa
g g e c i t e d fro m t h e F a ma

v
p ro e s t he re w a s a c o n t e m p o ra r , w ho w a s i n si st i n g u p o n t he y
c o lla b o ra t i o n o f w i t s w i t h t he e n d o f c o l l e c t i n fa c t s in to a
g
L i bru m Na tu res ,
or Na t u r a l Hi st o ry . In t he di sc u ssi o n b e t w e e n
S p e ddi n g a n d Elli s (Pr e fa ce t o Pa ra sc e v e
) ,
w e fi n d Sp e ddi n g sa y
ing :
“
Yo u t hi n k th a t t he di fle r e n c e b e t w e e n w ha t G a lil e o
’

di d
a n d w ha t B
d t o b e do n e , la y i n t hi s, t ha t
a con wa n te B a c on s
’

p la n

pr e su pp o s e d a Hi story (o r Di ction a ry, a s y ou c a l l i t ) of Un i versa l

Na tu re, a s a store h ou se of fa cts to work on t ”

M r Elli s
p li e s re B a con wa n t ed a c ollec ti o n la rge en ou gh to gi ve
hi m the co m m a n d of a ll the a ven u es to the secre ts o f Na ture . The
im p o rt a n c e B a c o n a s si k
gn e d t o t hi s w o r c a n n o t b e o e r e st i m a t e d i v -
'

H e pla c e d i t i n t h e v y er fr o n t a n d e n t ra n c e t o hi s de si gn An d .

t he r e a de r sho u l d n ot on l y st u d y t he
“
De sc ri p t i o H i st o ri as
Na t u ra li s et E x p e ri m e n t a li s Q u a li s su ffic i a t et si t in o r di n e a d
”
P hi lo so phi se Ve rse, bu t S p e ddi n g s
’
b a si n et fu n da m e n t a a nd

To c l o se in a w ord, l e t no ma n u po n a w ea k c on c eit o f s o br i e t y or i ll
l i e d m o de ra t i on , t h i n k o r m a i n t a i n t h a t a ma n ca n se a rc h t o o fa r, o r be
a
pp
”
i n t h e B o ok
’
t o o w e ll s t u di e d i n t h e B ook of G od s w or d,
’
or f
o G od s w orks
”
(Li b I D e A u gm e n t i s , ch. i p
. .

v
. .
,

l
‘ '
T ha t i f a ll t he w i t s of a l l a ge s , w h i c h hi t h e rt o h a e been , or h e r e a ft er
e ver sh a d t o g e t h e r ; i f a ll m a n k i n d h a d gi e n , o r sh o u ld
ll b e , w e re c l u bb
’
v
v
h ere a ft e r g i e t h e i r m i n ds w h o ll y t o Ph i l o so ph y ; a n d i f t h e w h o l e e a rt h
w e re , o r s h ou ld b e c o m po se d o f n o t hi n g e l s e b u t A c a dem i e s, C o l l e ge s, a n d
S c h ool s of lea rn e d m e n ; y e t w i t h o u t su c h a Na tu r a l a nd W er wn en ta l
H i stor y a s we sh a ll n o w pre sc ri b e , w e de n y t h a t t h e r e c o u l d b e , or ca n be
i n phil o so ph y a n d o t h e r sc i e n c e s w o rt h y
"
of ma n ki n d (The
a n
y p ro gre s s
x
.

de sc ri pt i o n o f s u c h a N a t u ra l E pe ri m e n t a l H i st ory
a nd as m a y be fi
su f c i e n t

in o rde r t o t h e b a si s a n d fou n da t i o n o f t ru e ph i l o so ph y ) .
2 76 B A C O N A ND T H E R O S I C R U CI A NS .

Elli s
’ “
P re fa ce t o t he Pa ra s c e v e . We ca n n ot a ffo rd s
p a ce to

i llu st ra t e t he su b e c t j a s w e w o u ld li e k . Bu t c e rt a in l y t he m o s t

di st i n c t i ve p e c u li a ri t o f t he y B a c o n ia n p hi l o so h
p yw a s j u st t hi s

C o lle c t i o n o f Na t u ra l Hi s t o r y ,
w hi c h w e fi n d i n c u lca t e d a s a

Li bru m Na tu res ”
i n t he Ro si c ru c i a n ma n ife s t o a lrea d y c i t e d,

a nd w hi c h e xi st s in t he c o ll e c t i o n by B a co n , k n ow n a s t he
“
S l yv a S yl v a ru m .
”
T he “
No vu m O rga n um i s i n de e d a n

a t t e m p t t o fur n i sh j u st w ha t t he
“
Fa m a
”
t e rm s (i n c on n ec tio n

wi t h t hi s “
I/ibru m Na tu res ,
”
or c o ll e c t i o n ba se d u po n o b se r a v
“
tion of na t u r a l ph e n o m e n a ) , p erfec t me thod of a ll a rts I An d
a

i s it n ot s t ri ki n
g w e fin d B a c o n de c la ri n ,
g
“
A s fo r t he t hir d
y
pa r t , n a m e l t he Na t ur a l Hi st o r , t ha t i s pla i n l a w o r fo r a
‘
y ’
y k
k ”
i n g o r p o p e , or so me College or o rde r 1 (L e t t e r t o Fa t he r F u l ge n t i o ) .

T he Ro si c ru c i a n s ca lle d t he m se l e s a College, * a n d he re a ga i n v
we fin d a pa ra ll e l i n t he fa c t B a con t e rm s hi s Ne w A t la n t i s,
”

“
t he College o f t he si x da y s
’
w or k . A ga i n , “
F o r t hi s I fin d
do n e , n ot on l y by P la t o , w ho e v er a n c ho rs u
po n t ha t s ho r e ,

bu t lso by A ris totle, Ga len , a n d o t he r s

a
(v o l . v ii .
)
No t e ho w a c o n c o u ple s A ri stotle
“
B a n d “
Ga le n t o g e t he r ,

j u st a s in t he pa s sa ge c i t e d fro m t he Fa m a , e st e e m i n
g
“ ” “

P o rph yy r ,
”
A r i st o t l e , a n d G a l e n , & c T hi s Fa t he r F u lge n t i o ,
a c c o rdi n
g to T e n i so n (
“
B a c o n ia n a , p . wa s
“
a di vi n e of
”
t he r e u b li c
p of Ve n i c e , a nd t he sa m e w ho w ro t e t he life of

hi s c o lle a g u e, t he e x c e l le n t F a t he r P a ul .
(Sp e ddi n g ,
vo l . vi i ,

p . B a con s
’
c o rre sp o n de n c e w i t h t hi s m a n i llu st ra t e s t he
fa c t he w a s a ctin g in c o l la b o ra t i o n w i t h m e n i n I t ly a . An d i t
is n o t e w o rt h yB o c ca li n i s
“
Ra ggu a gli di Pa r n a sso
’

(fro m w hi c h
”

t he
“
Un i v e rsa l Re fo rm a t i o n o f t he w ho l e Wi de W o rld is
b o rro w e d a lm o st li n e fo r li n e ) w a s fi rst p u b l i she d a t Ve n i c e . In
t he sa m e le t t e r B a con wr i t e s,
“
I work
for p osteri ty ; thes e thi n gs
” “
r ( Li fe a n d L e t t e r s
‘
thei r a cco mp li shm e n t
re
qui ri n g a ges f or v ii ,
.

T ha t t h e i r c o ll e g e , w hi c h t h e y na m e t he Co l l ege o
f the H o l y Ghos t ,
ca n su ffe r no i n j u ry ; e e n s h o u l d v a h u n dre d t ho u sa nd
pe rs o n s b e h o ld a nd

re m a rk it (G a b ri e l Na u dé) .

“
1 A s fo r m y la b o u rs , i f a n y m a n s ha l l pl ea s e h i m s e l f o r o t he rs i n t he re
"

re h e n s i o n o f t h e m , c e rta i n l y t he y s ha ll ca u s e m e pu t u p t ha t a n c i e n t re u es t
p q ,

bu t of g rea t pa t i e n c e , ver ber a s ed a u d i let m en re

pre he n d as t he y pl ea se , so
 B A C O N A ND T H E R O S J C R U CI A NS . 2 77

Ar e w e c e rta i n t ha t t he B a c o n ia n p hi lo so p h y wa s n ot

wr i t e n fo r
p o s t e r i t yt o di sc o v e r, a n d ha s
ye t t o b e di v u lge d i n

p ra c t i c e ? x
T hi s m a y e c i t e a sm i l e , y e t su r e l w e c a n n o t la u gh y
a t M r E lli s : “ If I
m a y t ru st m y o w n e e s a n d p o w e r o f c o n y
s t ru i n
g L a t in m u s t t hi n I
t ha t t h e B a con i a n p hi loso h
g g
r kha s ye t
to co me
(
vol . i .
, p . 37 4 , E lli s a nd Sp e ddi n g) . Up o n pa ge 5 2
( )
bi s of t he 1 6 4 0 “
Ad v a n c em e n t of Lea rn i n
g ,
w e fin d a con B
us n i g t hi s sa m e t e rm B oole of Na tu re “ ” “
Hi s r e pre h e n s o r y
l e t t e r t o Ar i st o t l e , a ft e r he ha d se t fo rt h hi s ‘
Booh of Na tu re .
’

A ga i n :
“
For I wa nt t hi s pri m a y hi r st o r yt o be pi l e d w i t h
c om

a m o st r e li
g i ou s c a re, a s if e v yp
er a r t i c u la r w e r e s t a t e d u po n

a nd ( s o fa r a s t he
’
oa t h, se e i n
g t ha t i t i s the book o f God s works,
ma j t y f h v l y m y b m p d w i t h t h h m bl
es o ea en a e co a re e u e n e ss of

t hly t hi g ) ki d f ”
ea r d S ipt
n s a n o se c o n cr u re .

Th fi t R i e i m
rs if t p m p hl t p
o s c ru c a nb li h d a n es o or a e u s e ,
a nd

i ty k w y “
w hi h m d t h
c a pel w t i t l
e so c e d A U i no n o en ,
a s en e n v er

sa l Re fo r m a t i o n of t he w ho l e Wi de W o rld by o rde r of t he G o d

A p o ll o
”
G e o rg e W i t he r s fu rn i she s us a li st of
“
T he
”
G r e a t A ssi z e s ho lde n by A p o llo a nd hi s a ss e s sou r s a t Pa rn a ssu s .

A p o llo .

T H E L O RD VE R U L AM , C ha n c e ll o r o f Pa rn a s su s .

S IR P H I L I P S I D NE Y, H i gh C o n st a bl e of P a rn a s su s .

W I LL I A M BUD ZEU S , Hi gh T r e a su re r .

J O H N P I CU S , E A RL or M IRA ND UL A, H i gh C ha m b e rla i n .

J u li u s C ae sa r, S c a li ge r . I sa a c Ca sa u b o n .

Era sm u s Ro t e ro c la m . J o hn S e lde n .

J u st u s Li p si u s . H u go G r o t i u s .

J o hn Ba rk la y . Da n i e l H e i n si u s .

J o hn B o di n e . C o n ra du s Vo rs t i u s .

&c .
,
&c .

t he y o b se r v e a n d w e i gh w ha t i s s po k e n . Ve ril y t h e a ppe a l i s l a w fu l , i f i t b e
the the nd ; a n d f r om the n e a r er
m a de f r om fi r st c ogi ta ti on s of m en u n to seco

t i m es to the ti m es f a r ther of (Bo o k V III .

,
Ad v a n c em e n t,
”

Th i s i s a fa v ou ri t e a n d c o n st a n t s i m i l e o f t h e Ro si c ru c i a n s. Ro b ert Fl u dd

d v t D e L i br i s D ei ta m i n vi si bi lu s qu a m vi si bi lu s,
“
e o es a cha p t e r, en t i t l e d,
t a k en fro m t h e t e t o f t h e x ”
C o n fe ssi o n o f t h e Rosi c ru c i a n ra t ern i t y , 1 6 1 5 , F
L i c e t m a gn u s L i ber Na tu ras o m n i bu s p a tea i , ta m en p a u c i sw nt qu i eu m
p o ss u n t l egere T ra c t a t u s
2 78 B A C ON A ND T H E R O S I CR U CI A NS .

S ha k e sp e a re s
’
na m e i s p la ced la s t b u t on e . T he rea de r w i ll
see t he pa ra lle l, i n w hi c h B a c on fig u re s a s t he hea d of so m e

poetic so c i e t y of li t e ra t i , a nd t ha t t he Ro s i c r u c i a ns a lso rega rded

Ap ollo as the ir idea l rep rese n ta ti ve Do e s t hi s n ot i m pl yp o etr y

—Pa
.

Ap o llo rn a ssu s ? A n d do e s n ot B a con s ta n d a t t he t o p of

t he li st a s A ollo hi mse l ?
p f
Bu t w e ha ve n ow to a ddu c e a n i m p o rt a nt pi e c e of e vi d en ce .

M i c ha e l M a i e r gwa s, a c c o r di n to De Q uince y ,
t he fi rs t w ho
t ra n spla n t e d Ro si c ru c i a n i sm i n t o En la n d
g H e w r o t e hi s rs t . fi
k
w o r , J ocus S everus, F ra n c o f 1 6 1 7
,
It i s a ddre ss e d (i n a de di .

ca t i o n wri t t e n ou hi s roa d from E n gla n d t o B o he m i a

) ,
“
O m n ib u s
v e rse c hym i ae a ma n ti bu s p e r G e rm a n i a m .
”
T hi s w o r k ,
De
Q u in ce y s ta t e s,
“
ha d been wri tten i n E n gla n d (p . 39 8 , Ro si c ru
i
c a ns An d w e a re
g oin t
g o sho w t ha t Ma i e r
ppa r e n t l (fo l a y
lo w i n g D e Q ui n c e y ’
s s ta t em e n t ) di d n o t b rin g Ro si c ru c i a n i sm
fro m G e rm a n y to E n gla n d, bu t a ft e r hi s re t u rn fro m E n gla n d
e st a bli she d by hi s e ffo r t s su c h a n o rde r . Thi s i s i m p o rt a nt,

b e c a u se i t sho w s M a i e r ha d b e e n i n fl u en c ed by hi s vi si t t o t hi s

c ou n tr y . De Q u in c e yw rit e s

yh q
’

“
O n hi s r e t u rn to G e rm a n e be ca m e a c ua i n t e d wi t h t he

fi e rc e c o n t ro v y e rs on t he Ro si c ru c i a n se c t ; a nd a s be fi rm l y
b e li e v ed i n t he e x i st e n c e of su c h a se c t , he so ught to i n troduce
hi mself to i ts n o ti ce bu t fin di n g thi s i mp ossi ble, he se t hi m se lf to
bli sh su c h a n order by hi s own efiorts ; a n d i n hi s f u t ure w ri ti n gs
'

e sta

he sp oke of i t a s a lrea dy exi sti n g— go i n g so fa r e e n a s t o pu bli s h i t s v

la w s (w hi c h i n de e d ha d pre v i o u sl b e e n do n e by t he a y u t ho r o f

t he E cho) Fro m t he pri n c i pa l w o r w hi c h he w r o t e

. k on t hi s

j
s u b e c t , e n t i t l e d si len ti u m p ost c la moresfi I s ha ll m a k e a n e xt ra c t ,

Tho m a s V de sc ri bi n g t h e L ocu s S a n c t i Sp i r i tu s o f t h e Ro s i c m
a u gh a n ,

eia u s V
i di a l i qu a n do Olym pi ca s de m o s, n o n pro e n l a Fl u v i o l o e t C i i ta t e v
n o t a , qu a s S S pi ri t u s v oc a ri i m a g i n a m u r H e l i c o n e st de qu e l o qu o r , a n t
.

b i c e ps Pa rn a ssu s, i n qu o Equ u s P e ga s u s fo n t e m a pe r ui t p e re n n i s a qu ic a dhu c

s t ill a n t e m , i n qu o Di a na se
”
la vta , cui V en us et Pe di ss e qu a et Sa t u rn u s ut

A n t e a m bu l o j
c o n u n g un tu r . Thes e ll u si o n s t o O ly m pu s , H e li c o n , Pe ga su s
a ,

s h o w a n u n do u b t e d c o n n e c t i o n wi th Po e t ry .

“
Sil e n t i u m p o s t c la m o re s , h . e . T ra c ta t u s A po l o ge ti c u s , qu o ca u sre n o n
s o l u m C l a m oru m (se u re v e la ti on u m ) Fra t e rn i ta t i s G e rm a n i c xe de R C , s ed e t . .
 B A C ON A ND TH E 1 30 5 1 01 3 O GI A NS . 2 79

beca u se i n t hi s w o r k i t i s t ha t w e m e e t w i t h t he fi r st t ra ces o f

M a so n r y Na tu re
i s yet bu t ha lf u n vei led
.
‘
Wha t we wa n t i s .

chi efly ex eri me n t a n d ten ta ti ve i n u i r G re a t , t he r e fore , a r e o u r

p q y .

o b li a t i o n s t o t he Ro si c r u c i a n s fo r la b o u r i n
g g t o su p pl t hi s y
wa nt
’ ”
(p . 39 8 , “
Cri t i c o I q i yi n u r n to t he O ri gi n of Fre e m a so n s

a nd Ro si c ru c i a n s, ”
De Q i y)
u n ce .

“
The Ro si c ru c i a ns de c la re d t ha t , a ll sc i e n c e i s ba sed up on the
observa ti on f fa cts a nd
fa c t s m u st b e p e r c e i e d be fo re t he c a n
o , v y
v
b e o b s e r e d, bu t t he sp i ri t u a l p owers of p ercep ti on a re n ot ye t
sufi c i en tly a mo n g m a n ki n d a s a whole to en a ble the m to p ercei ve

sp i ri tu a l thi n s
g
” “
I
( n t ro du c t i o n t o The S e c re t S m b ols o f t he y
Ro si c ru c i a n s,
”
by F ra nz Ha rt m a n n ) . No t e ho w t ho ro u ghl y t hi s

a B
gre e s w i t h t he a c o n i a n Philo s o p h by n du c t i o n , v i z y I .
,
“
observa

ti on of f a c ts In t he “
De A u gm e n t i s w e fi n d a c o n ,
. B u n de r t he

twen t y -
e i ght h de fi ci en t or s t a r, di s c u ssi n g t hi v y s er su b e c t j of

the drfi arence be tween P ercep ti on a nd S en se u n de r t he t i t le De

” “
Dtfi t en li d P ercep tion i s c l Sen s us, i n w hi c h he de c la t ha t , there
'

re s

is a m a n i est
f p owe r of p ercep ti on i n na tu ra l bodi es very m u ch more
”
su btle tha the
n se n ses o
f ma n .

B a c on wa s a c q ua in t e d w i th a ll t he Ro si c ru c i a n a ut ho r s of n ot e,

a nd q u ot es F lu dd, O s w a ld Cr o lli u s, C a m pa n el a l ,
Du B a rt a s

Se v e rinu s , i n hi s “
Ad v a n c em en t of L e a rn i n g ,
”
1 64 0 . Sp e ddi n g
p o i n t s o u t t ha t t he sa me do c t ri n e c o n c e rn i n
g t he di ffe re n c e
b e t w e e n p e rc e p t i o n a n d se n se taght by C a m pa n e lla , ha d b e e n
u

fo ll o w e d by T e l e si u s, o n e of B a c o n s fa
’
v
o u r i t e a u t ho rs Li b e r IV ,
( .

De A u gm e n t i s, p
”
. Sp e ddi n g w ri t e s :
“
In t he No v u m
O rga n u m
’
B
p e rha p s i n t e n de d pa r t i c u la rl t o r e fe r t o t he
a con y
y
M o sa i c a l p hilo so ph o f F lu dd (t he gr e a t En gli sh Ro si c ru c i a n ) ,
w ho i s o n e o f t he m o st l e a rn e d o f t he Ca b a l i s t i c w ri t e rs (p 9 2 ,
.

v ol . i .
,
“
P hi l . Wo rk s On e of B a con s
’
t i t le s a n d su b e c t s j is
“
M a gn a li a Na t u rae , i n w hi c h h e se t s fo rt h t h e t i t l e s of a n u m be r

of e xt ra o r di n a r y a n d se e m i n l
g y m i ra c u l o u s e n ds t o be a t t a i n ed

S i l en ti i n on
”
(s e u re ddi t ee , a d s i n gu l o ru m vt
o a r e s p o n si o n i s ) t ra du n t u r et

de m o n st ra n t u r (Au t ore M i c h a e l e M a i e ro ,
Im p . Co n s i st . Co m i t e , et Med .

D oe t .
 2 80 B A C O N A ND T H E R O S I C R U CI A NS .

or ho pe d fo r by t he hu m a n ra c e . S pe ddi n g po i n ts ou t t hi s i s a

fa v o u r i t e phra s e wi t h Pa ra c e ls us .

Do w e n o t se e m t o he a r B a con s
pea g ki
i n t he w o rds ,
n N a tu re
“

i s ha lf u n veiled . t a t we wa nt is c hiefly exp eri me n t a n d ten ta ti ve

i n qui ry
”
7 The rea de r m u s t re m e m b e r t ha t B a c o n s ta n ds a lo n e ,
t he p ro ta go n i s t o f t hi s philo so p h y by I n du c t i o n , a n d u n less ther e
were two B a co n s i n the fie ld a t the sa me ti me , ho w a re w e t o e xp la i n

t he fa ct t ha t t he Ro s i c ru c i a n s w e re p rea c hi n g t he sa m e pri n
ci l
p es ? y
S o m e b o d w i t h a philo so p hi c m i n d, a n d sc i e n ti c bi a s fi
fo r i n q iyu r a nd e xp e ri m e n t i n to Na t u re ,
wa s e vi de n t l yi ns
p i ri n
g
a nd a ctin
g b e hi n d t he se Ro si c ru c i a n wr i t i n gs . T he e n t ire

B a con a n i p hilo so p h y or s y st e m is “
exp er i m e n t a n d ten ta ti ve i a

qu i ry
”
w ri t la rg e a con wa s a c t iv el e n ga ge d i n
. Be n l i s t in g y
di s c i pl e s a n d re c ru i t s fo r hi s e n ds Fo r w e rea d a m o n gs t hi s .

m e m o ra n da of t he 2 6 t h J u l y 1 608 : Qu ery of lea rn ed

,
me n beyon d
the sea s to be m a de, a nd hea rken i n g who they be tha t m a y be so
i n c li n ed .
”
Thi s i s c u r i o u s , a n d fu rn i she s e v i de n c e a c o n wa s a B
pro pa ga n di st u p o n t he c o n t i n e n t , e i t he r fo r p hi 10 5 0 phi c o r o t he r

e n ds . An d it is n o t e w o rt h y ,
s ix y ea rs a ft e r t hi s n ot e t he fi rs t

“
g re a t Ro si c ru c i a n pa m phl e t , e n t i t le d Di e Re fo rm a t i o n de r
Ga n z en We i t e n W e l t ,
”
a pp ea re d,
w hi c h De Q ui n c e y s ta t es con

ta in ed di st i n c t p ro p o si t i o n t o i na u gura te a s e c re t so c i e t , ha vi n g
a y
f or i ts obj e ct the gen era l we lfa re of m a n ki nd T hi s w a s a bo u t 1 6 1 4 . .

It i s e v i de n t t h e p ro m o t e r of t hi s sc he m e wa s a ma n e n do w e d

wi t h e xt ra o rdi n a r y phi l t h py a n ro . No w on e of t he m o st re m a r k
ble fea t u r e s i n L d B h fro m hi s ea rli e s t y
’
a or a c on s c a ra c t e r, ea rs ,

wa s hi s e v id en t lo v f hi f ll w
e or s e o -
c rea t u re s, w hi c h, e x c ep t t o t ho se

a c q ua i n t e d wi t h hi s wr i t i n gs, m u st a p pe a r a lm o st i n c re dibl e fro m

its y d t
c o n si s t e n c a n s re n g t h . Fo r e xa m pl e , i n a l e t t e r wr i t t e n t o
Lor d B ghl y i hi
ur e ,
n s t hi rt y -
se c o n d y ea r, he w ri t e s :
“
La st l y I ,

c o n e ss f th t I h v a a e a s v a s t c o n t e m pla ti v e e n ds a s Ihv a e m o de ra t e

A m o n g Ba c on s
’
fo re ign c orres po n de n ts wa s F a t h e r Re de m pt u s Ba ra n za n o

(se e Li fe a nd L e t te rs,
"
v ol vi i .
, p 37 5 , Elli s a n d S pe ddi n g )
. U po n pa ge 7 9 , .

I F x
.

Ro z e Cro i , 1 6 2 3, by N s u dé
"
ns t ru c t i o n a La ra n c e s u r La , m a y b e fo u n d
-

pro o f Ba ra n za n o wa s in c o rre s po n de n c e w i t h T o b i a s A da m i , t he Ro s i c ru c ia n .
 B A C O N A ND T H E R O S I CR U C I A NS . 2 81

civi l e n ds : fo r Ihv a e ta k en a ll k l dge t o b e m y pro v i n c e , a n d

n ow e

if I c o u ld p u rg e i t o f t w o s o r t s v
o f r o e rs, w he r e o f t he o n e w i t h

f iv l
r o ou s di spu t a t i o n s , c o n fu t a t i o n s , a nd v e rb o si t i e s, t he o t her

w ith bl i n d e xp e ri m e n t s a n d a u ri c u la r t ra di t i o n s a n d i m p o st ur e s,
ha t h c o m m i t t e d so ma n y s
p o i l s, I ho p e I s hou l d b ri n g i n i n du s
t ri o n s o b s e r a t i o n s, v g ro u n de d c o n c lu si o n s , a nd p ro fit a bl e i n v e n
t io n s a nd di s c o v e ri e s ; t he b e s t st a te of t ha t pr o vi n ce . T hi s,
w h e t he r i t be c u r i o si t y ,
or v y
i n glo r , o r n a t u r e , or p hi la
a n throp i a ,

is so fixed i n my m i n d a s i t ca n n ot be r e moved A n d I do . ea si ly see

tha t p la ce o f a n y re a sona ble c ou n ten a n c e doth bri ng co m m a n dm en t o f

m ore wi ts tha f whi ch i s the thi n g I grea tly f ot
’
n o a ma n s ow n a o

”
L e tt e r s , Vo l . I .
,
1 09 , E lli s a nd S p e ddi n g ) . H ere w e fi n d
B a c on , a t a n a
ge w h e n m o st m e n a re m o st a m b i t i o u s fo r pri v a te

or p e r so n a l e n ds, se e ki n
g p la c e i n o r de r o nl t o comm a n d wi ts, y
a nd t hi s p a ssa
ge is a n ea rl i e r
p r o o f o f t he o n e a lr e a d c i t e d,
da te d y
1 608 , or s ix t e e n y e a rs It m a y b e r e pli e d t ha t t h e Ro a l
la t e r . y
So c i e t y wa s t he r e su l t o f a l l t hi s Bu t i t i s e r c u ri o u s ho w . v y
t he o ri gi n of t he Ro y a l So ci et yi s mi x ed up w i t h t he hi s t o r y of

Ma so n r y a n d of t he Ro si c ru c i a ns . T he rea de r w i ll, i n Di sra e li

’
s

Ca la m i t i e s a nd Q u a rr e l s o f A u t ho rs (p . fi n d ho w S t u bb e
a c c u se d t he Ro yl a So c i et y of
“
ha vi n g a dopted the m on strou s

j
p ro e c ts o f Ca mp a n ella , i n a w o r k e n t i t le d Ca m pa n e lla Re v i e d, v
or a n q y
En u i r i n t o t he H i st o r y of t he y
Ro a l S o c i e t
”
T he y .

lea rn e d a u t ho r o f Ni m ro d (
“
Di sc o u rs e on c e rt a i n Pa ssa ge s of

H i st o r y a nd Fa b l e i n hi s a rt i c l e
“
M o n a rc h y of t he S o l Ip se ,
”

di s t i n c t l y de c la re s C a m pa n e lla a nd hi s c o lla b o ra t e u r T o bi a s

A da m i *
t o ha v e b e e n m e m b e rs of t he Ro si c ru c i a n fra t e rn i t y .

“
Si eu r A da m i ge n t ilh o m m e A l l e m a n d, a u qu e l n o u s se ro u s p erp e t u e ll e
v
m e n t o bli g e z p ou r l e s oeu re s de c e Ph oe n i de t ou s l e s ph i l o so ph e s e t p o l i x
t i qu e s Th o m a s Ca m p a ne ll a I n st ru c t i o n su r Les F re re s de L a Ro z e Cro i -
x ,
”

Na u dé ,

T o b A da m i , i n h i s Pre fa
. ce t o the Re a l i s Phi l oso phi a
’
of t ha t e x c e lle n t

v F
,

P li i l o s0 ph e r C a m pa n e l la (wh o li es to en o j y t ha t a m e , w hi c h m a n y em i n en t

fo r t h e i r l e a rn i n g ra r e l y
p o ss e s s e a ft e r dea t h ), s pe a k s hi s o pi n i on t hu s l Ve
e re c t n o sec t, es ta bli sh n o P l a c i ts of E r esi e , bu t en d ea v ou r to t ra n scr i be u ni

v er sa le a nd ever v er i ta
-
ble P hi losop hy ou t the A n ci en t Or i gi n a l l Cop y of the
f
o

w or ld : n ot a c c or di n g to va r i a ble a n d di sp u ta ble sp ecu l a ti ons , bu t a c cor di n g to

2 82 B A C O N A ND T H E R O S I C R U CI A NS .

No w it ha pp e n s t ha t T o bi a s Ada m i w a s o n e o f t he r e p u t e d
so

fo u n de rs o f t he a sso c i a t i o n o r a n
g g c a lle d t he Il lu mi n a ted B rothers

f
o Rosy Cross, p 515 .
( se e S t ru v . No t . Li t e r .
, p 4 67. . C o m pa re
A n dre as M t h C hri s t y .
p ,
”
. C a m pa n e lla ha d a n a ss i s t a n t

by na m e T o bi a s A da m i , w ho a c t e d a s hi s a m a n u e n si s a n d e di t o r

to k
pre pa re hi s w o r s fo r pu b li c a ti o n , a n d w ho ha s a c u i r e d a q
c e r ta i n de re e o f c e l e b ri t
g y
by n o m e ri t o f hi s o w n , b u t m e re l by y
v
hi s o bs t e t ri c a l se r i c e s t o t he i n fe rn a l m u se o f Ca m a n e lla
p (p .

P r o fe sso r F o w le r w r i t e s Ca mp a n e lla ,
whose na me i s

f reque n tly co up led wi th tha t f

o Ba con by the Germ an wri ters of the
se ve n tee n th ce n tu r , d w ho w a c e l e b ra t e d i n hi s t i m e a s t he
y a n s

(I n t ro du c t i o n No v u m Orga n u m ”
di s c i ple of T e le s i u s , p .

De Q uin ce y w ri t e s of Ma i e r :
“
In t he sa me y ea r wi t h t hi s
bo o kh e p u b li s he d a w or k of Ro b e rt Flu dd s (w i t h w ho m he ha d
’

li v ed on y
fri e n dl t e rm s i n E n gla n d), De Vi td, mo rte , et resu rre c ti on e .

No t e t ha t B
a c o n i n 1 6 2 3 w ri t e s a w o r o n pa ra ll e l li n e s, The k
Hi story o f L ife a nd i n w hi c h t he Ro si c ru c i a n dr ea m of

p rolon gi n g life a n d restori n g

you th i n som e degree, i s t r e a t e d n ot o n l y
s e ri o u s l y ,
bu t wi th e xt ra o r di n a r y ca r e a n d c u ri o u s st yl e . It i s
a l so t o b e re m a r k ed ho w a ll t he se Ro si c ru c i a n wor k s, ma n ife s t o e s ,

a nd c o n fe ss i o n s a re p u b l i s he d a b o u t t he t i m e of Sha k e sp e a r e s
’

dea t h, v z i .
,
1 6 1 4 , 1 6 1 6, 1 6 1 7 . 1
“
T ha t G e rm a n yw a s n ot t he s o u rc e

or o r i gi n of t he Ro si c ru c i a ns i s p ro e d b y D e v uin ce s st a t e Q y ’

m ent, t ha t i n G e rm a n y ,
a s t he r e i s t he b e s t r e a so n t o b e li e e , n o v
re
g u la r l o dg e of Ro s i c ru c i a ns wa s e v er e st a b li s he d . De s
'
a rtes ,

the Con duc tu r e f

o sen s e d i r r ef r a ga ble dep osi t i o n s of the A rc h i tec t h i m se lfe ,
a n

w ho se ha nd i n w orks , di ss e n ts n o t f r o m hi s w or d i n w r i ti n g A n d if the G re a t .

I n s t a u ra t i on of
’
the deep m i n c i n g P hi l osop he r ,
-
F ra . Ba con Lo . Ve m l a m ,

C ha n c e ll o r o f E n gl a n d, a wo rk o
f hi gh exp ec t a ti o n , a nd m os t w o rt hy, a s Q]

Con s i dera ti o n , so o f a ss i s ta n c e , be bro u gh t to p e rfec t i o n , i t w i l l p e r c ha n r '

a tha t w e p u r su e the sa
pp ea r e, m e en ds, see i n g w e tr ea d the s a m e f oo t step s i n -

tr a cei n g, a nd a s i t w ere , hou n d i n g n a tu r e , by S e n c e a n d E pe rix en ce, &c .

”

J
( u dgm en t s u po n Ba c o n , A d a n c e m e n t o f L e a rn i n g, v
H i s t o ri a
”
V
i t ae e t M o rti s , 1 62 3 .

1 ' “
Na ch
de m J
a h r 1 62 0 di e Ro se n k re u z e ri sc h e ga hru n g , a l l m a hl i g zu r

Ru h e k a m u n d si c h a m e n de ga n z e rl o r
”
”
J o ha n n Va l A n dre a s u n d s e i n v .

Z e i t a l t e r, B e rli n A l m o st a ll t h e Ro s i c ru c i a n wr i t i n gs bea r da t e 1 6 1 6
, ,

1 6 1 7 , 1 6 1 8 , 1 6 1 9 , j u s t o n a n d a ft e r S h a k e s pe a re s de a t h
’
 B A C O N A ND TH E R O S I C E U CJ A NS . 2 83

w ho ha d he a r d a
g re a t de a l o f t a l k a b o u t t he m i n 1 6 1 9 , du ri n g
hi s r e si de n c e a t Fra n kfo rt o u -
t he —
— Ma i n e , so u ght to c on n ect hi m
s e lf wi th som e l o dg e (fo r w hi c h he w a s a ft e r w a rds e xp o se d t o t he

r i di c u l e of hi s en em ies
) ; bu t the i mp ossi bi li ty f fi n di n g a n y body
o

o f the m form a lly con n ec ted toge the r, a nd a p e ru sa l o

f th e R osi cru ci a n

wri ti n gs, sa ti s fie d hi m i n the en d tha t n o su ch order wa s in exi sten ce

(p .

T hi s i s fi
su f c i e n t
p ro o f G e rm a n yw a s n ot t he he a d -
q u a rt e rs o f

t he so c i e t y .
“
Ma n y y e a rs a ft e r L e i b n i t z ca me to t he sa me

c o n c lu si o n Il m e p a r o i t , sa s he i n a l e tt er t o a fri e n d, p u b
.
‘ ’
y
li she d by F e ll e r i n t he O t i u m H a n n o v e ra n u m
’

(p
‘ ‘
u
q e .

’
t o u t c e , qu e l o n a di t de s fr e r e s de la C ro i de la Ro se , e st u n e x
pu re I n v e n t i o n de q lque ue p e rs o n n e i n g e n i e u se
’

(p . 4 02 , D e
Q u in c e y) . A ga i n , ‘
Fra t r e s Ro s as Cru c i s fi c t i t i o s fu i s s e s u sp i c o r

qu o d e t H e lm o n t i u s c o n firm a v i t L e i bn i t z w a s, w e t hi n k ,

a G e rm a n , d i t g o e s fa r t o sho w t ha t G e rm a n c o ul d
a n y n ot ha v e

h e l d t he o ri gi n a t o rs o f t h e s o c i e t , e l se t he w o u ld ha y y v e m a de

t he m s e l v k wes no n , or a t le a st fe lt .

De Q i y w
u nce ri t e s
“
T he ea oteri ci , a t w ho s e he a d B a c on

s t o o d, a nd w ho a ft e r w a r ds c om
p o se d t he Ro y a l So c i tye of

L o n do n , w e r e t he a n ta
g o n i st p a rt y of t he T he o so phi st s , Ca b
b a l i s t s, a n d Al c h e m i st s, a t t he h e a d of w ho m st o o d Flu dd, a nd

fr o m w ho m F re e m a so n r y t k it i oo s r se .
’
We u n de r t a k e t o pr o v e

t hi s st a tem en t of De Q i yfl
u n ce a se a n d m i sl e a di n g . An yb dy o

a c q ua i n te d w i t h B a c on s
’
Tw B k “
o oo s of t he Ad v a n c em en t of
“
L e a rn i n g, a n De A u gm e n t i s
d t he o f 1 6 2 3, m u s t c o n fe s s t o

t he B
T he o so p hi c a l s i de o f a c o n s w ri t i n gs, t o sa y n o t hi n g o f t he
’

“
Ho l y Wa r ,
”
hi s “
C o n fe ssi o n s of F a i t h,
”
t ra n sl a t i on of t he

P sa lm s, a nd e n dl e ss a llu si o n t o S c ri pt u r e . T he r e a re seven ty

ci ta ti on s or a llu si o n s t o t he Bi bl e i n t he E ssa y s a lo n e (Pre fa c e ,

“
Bi bl e T ru t hs a nd S ha k e sp e a r e a n d on e hu n dr ed
a nd fifty i n t he “
De A u gm e n t i s A n d t he a
y he u o t e s i s
. w q
o ft e n , if n ot a lw a y s , i n t he la s t w o r o b sc u r e d b
y C k
a bb a li st i c a l
‘

do c t ri n e . Sp a ce fo rb i ds o u r i ll u st ra t i n g t hi s a s se r t i o n Bu t .

B a con s
’
de s c ri pt i o n of Na t u ra l The o l o g y ,
of t he k n o w le d e
g of
2 84 B A C ON A ND T H E R O S I C R UC I A NS .

A n ge ls a nd S pi ri t s, i n t he T hi rd B k oo
“
De A u gm e n t i s , is
e n t i re l y T he o so phi ca l a nd Ca bba li s t i c . W ha t a re w e to sa
y t o

hi s c o lle c t i o n o f Pa ra ble s fro m S o lo m o n ; i n t he ei

g h t h b oo k
thi rty fou r i n-
n u mber, a n d coveri n g twen ty fou r p a ges
-
of letterp ress ?

Wha t ha s t he Ro y a l So c i e t yt o do w i t h t hi s q u o ta tion re
pe a t e d
t wi c e i n t he
“
D e A u gm e n t i s a m er o f o pi n i o n ,
“
I v i ly t ha t i f

t ho s e c o m m e n ta ri e s o f t h e sa m e S o lo m o n w e re n o w e x ta n t con

c e rn i n g n a t u re h
( e re i n
w he ha t h w ri t t e n of a ll v e ge ta ble s, fro m
t he m o ss u p on t he w a ll, t o t he C e da r of L e ba nu s ; a nd of v
li i n g
c re a t u re s ) ,
i t w e re n ot u n la wf u l t o e x po u n d t he m a c cor di n g t o a

(B k VIII v
“ ”
na t u ra l s e n se oo .
, p 37 2,
. Ad a n c em en t of Lea i g,
rn n

T he w ho le of t he S i t h x B k oo of t hi s sa m e w o r ki s p u re l y
e so t e ri c or Ca bba li st i c a l, i n t he sa me se n s e a s t he w or k s of

Ra ym on d L u ll y ,
or B a p t i sta P o rt a ,
up on the secre t deli very o
f kn ow
ledge . The s y st e m of Ci p he rs, *
of
“
No t e s of T hi n gs,
”
of t he
“
P ru de n c e of P ri v a t e Sp e e c h,
”
&c .
, pro v e t hi s . A n d i f w e t u rn t o
B a con s
’
c u r i ou s
“
Hi st o r y of Life a nd Dea t h, w e fin d n um b e rs
of c i ta t i o n s ta k en , a s Sp e ddi n g sta t e s, fro m t he w ri t i n g s of

Ca rda n u s, Pa r a c e l su s, P o rta ,
Ro ge r B a con , a n d o t he r Al c hy m i c a l
or Ca bba li s t i c a l w ri t e rs
Bu t t he pr o o f li e s pa t e n t i n w ha t
.

Ba c o n c a lls Ma gn a li a Na tu res, a li st o f e t ra o rdi n a r pre t e n x y

“
s i o n s o r t hi n s h e de e m s a t ta i n a bl e v i z The P o l o n a t ion o f
g , ,
r
g .

” “ ”
Li fe , The Re s t i t u t i o n of Yo u t h i n som e De gre e , The Ra i si n g
”
o f T e m p e st s, &c . T he w o rd M a gn a li a i s b o rro w e d fro m Pa ra
c e l su s . The “
Na t u ra l Hi st o ry ”
or
“
S l yv a Sy l v a ru m is a n
y
t hi n g bu t a sc i e n t i fi c w or k ,
b e i n g fu ll of e x t ra o rdi n a r y t hi n g s .

Pa ra c e lsu s wa s t he he ra ld of t he Ro si c ru c i a ns .

Ba c on , a s P r o fe sso r F o w l e r i n hi s “
No v u m O rga n u m po i n t s
ou t, b e li e v ed i n A s t ro l o g y (I n t r o du c t i o n , p . A ft e r b e gi n
i g wi t h t he
n n re m a r k ,
A t A st ro l o gi a m u lt a su
pe rst i t i o n e re fe rt a

e s t , u t v i x a li q u i d sa n u m in ea r e p e ri a t u r,
’
a n d re e c t i nj g v a ri o u s

The g e n e ra l b e li e f ha s o b t a i n e d, t ha t Ba co n i n t rod u c ed h is sy s t e m o f
“
C i phe rs i n t he D e A u g m e n t i s o f 1 6 23 , a s pa rt o f t he k n o w l e dg e o f hi s a go
o n ly . v
B u t c l o se s t u dy w i l l re e a l t he fa c t , the y a re a fi l i a ted to the ent i r e wo rk
a s a gr ea t syst em of M n em on i cs to restore f r om c u s tody P oet ry a nd H i s tor y
 BA C O N A ND T H E R O S I C R U CJ A NS . 2 85

bra nc he s of t he pre t e n de d sc i e n c e , he , ne v e rt he l e ss, a llo w s t ha t

t he st u d y f th t
o e s a rs ma y en a bl e us t o pre di c t n ot onl y na t u ra l

e v e n t s, li k fl de oo s, fro st s, dro u ght s, e a rt h u a q k e s, &c .

,
bu t w a rs,

se di t i o u s, t ra n sm i ra ti o n s of e
p po l e s, a n d in sho r t a ll c om m oti o n s
g .

or
g re a t re v o lu t i o n s of t hi n gs, na t u ra l a s w e ll a s c i vi l .
”
P ro
“
fe ss o r F o w l e r w ri t e s : The c u ri o u s a n d a b su rd sp e c u la tion s on

Sp i ri t whi ch a bou n d i n the Novu m Orga n u m a nd e lsewhere

m a n y of whi ch see m to ha ve been deri ved from P a ra ce lsu s —I sha ll

fr e q u en tl y ha v e o c c a si o n to ca ll a t t e n t i o n t o i n t he n otes . A
t y pi ca l pa ssa ge m a y b e fo u n d i n t h e No u m O rga n u m , ii ‘
v ’
.

Pro fe ss o r F o w l e r m a y c o n side r t he se sp e cu la t i o n s a b su rd,

bu t i t i s c e rt a i n t he yf orm a n i n t e gra l a nd l e a di n g fe a t u r e i n t he
c ha ra c t e r o f t he B a c on ia n P hi lo so p h y ,
a s m a y be re fo u n d i n t he
fa bl e of P ro s e rpi n e ( W i sdo m
“
of t he e n dl e ssl y in
t he y
S lv a “
Sy lv a ru m , a n d H i st o r o f L i fe a n d De a t h Are y .
”

we c e rt a in t ha t t he re i s n o t s o m e t hi n g m o r e i n t hi s do c t ri n e

t ha n a b su rdi t y ,
se e i n gho w p o t e n t a r e the i n vi si ble p ower of electri
ci ty i n m a tter ? It m a y b e r e m a r e d he r e , t ha t k ’
a c o n s st l e B y
is o ft e n o b sc u r e , a nd t ha t hi s w o r k s
(a s Ku n o F i she r ha s oh

s er v ed ) a re fu ll o f a n t i n o m i e s, c o n t ra di c t i n g or m o di f i n g i n y on e

p la c e , a n a ss e r t i o n in a n o t he r . Li k e t he w o r k s of S ha k e sp e a re

hi s u n i v e rsa li t yi s so c i r c u la r , t ha t e x c e pt u pon c e rta in su b e c t s j

li k e hi s I n du c tiv e S y st e m , i t i s i m p o ssi bl e t o c l e a rl y ppre he n d
a

ho w m u c h he i n t e n ds t o w i t hho ld or con vy e . He t e ll s u s t ha t
“
exc lu de ders
the p ri va ten ess o f the la n gu a ge m u st ma n y rea of t he

e r t o Dr Pla fe r ) A n d t hi s
D e Au gm e n t i s (L e t t p ro v e s n o t .

onl y
he ha d s o m e s e c r e t t o e i l a n d ob sc u re , bu t i s a c a u t i o n v
a
ga i n st a c c e pt i n g a n y of hi s st a t em en t s u n re se r v dly
e or a s fu ll
di s c lo su re s .

It i s v y er c u r i ou s a nd s t ri ki n
g t o fin d a con
pu rgi n g t he B
w o rd M a gi a e x a ctl y a s w e fi n d Ro b e rt F l u dd do i n g i n

G a b ri e l Na u dé i n hi s "
H i st o ry of M a gi c , w ri t e s :
“
We m a y t h e r e fo r e
V
,

c o n c l u de w ith the le a rn e d eru l a m , t ha t t hi s fo u rt h k i n d of Ma gi c , Na tu ra l em

P hi l osop hi a m a ver i ta te sp e cu l a ti o n u ni a d m a gn i tu di n e m op er a m r evoca r e

n i ti tu r , i t be i n g n o t hi n g e l se tha n a
p ra c t i c a l ph y si c , a s ph y s i o i s a con
2 86 B A C O N A ND TH E R O S I C R UC I A NS .

hi s re p l yt o t he a t ta c k s of Li ba v i u s u po n t he p re t e n si o n s of t he

Ro s i c r u c i a ns . I n t hi s po i n t a con B j oin s ha n ds w i t h t he la t t e r,
de c la ri n g Na t u ra l M a gi c t o b e n o t su p e rn a t u ra l b u t o nl y su p ra

s e n s ible T hi s i s i m p o r ta
. a m o st nt
p o i n t t o c o n side r, b e ca u s e
Flu dd di s c la i m s fo r t he fra t e rn i t y a n
y s u e rhu m a n
p p re t e n si o n s .

Li k Be a con he ba se s a
gre a t pa rt o f hi s w r i t i n gs u p o n S c ri p t u re ,
a n d c la i m s fo r sc i e n c e a n d m e c ha n i c a l s i ll
p o w e r t o a c c o m pli s hk
t hi n gs de e m e d i m p o ssi b le o r su pe rhu m a n . H e fre q u en tl y c ite s
t he wor k s of Ro ge r B a con in
pro o f, a n d w ri t e s Q u a re

sa p e n tis
i e st , q u id re s s i t di li e n t e r i n qu i re r e
g pr i u squ a m ea m
t e m e re c o n de m n e t . Co m m u n i s e st i gi t u r o pi n i o n om em ho e
M
( g )
a i a e ss e v o ca b u lu m P e rsi c u m , ide m li n gu a so n a n s P e rs i ca ,

q u od pi e n tia
sa a pu d La t i n os H u j u s a ri a s
. v e sse Spe c i e s a b
i n vi c e m e x e rt i ssi m e diffe re n t e s, ex phi lo so p ho ru m v e t e ru m e t
r e c e n t i o ru m a u t ho ri t a te c o l li u i m u s, c u m a li a s i t n a t u ra li s , a l i a
g
”
m a t he m a t i ca ,
a li a v e n e fi ca ,
e t n e oro m a n t i ca li a prae st i gi a t ri x
et a .

Aga i n :
“
M a gi i n s
p e c i e m a t he m a t i ca q
e x p e rt i a b s u e , o c c u l t o

re r u m n a t u ra l i u m u x i li o , v e l sa lt e m e x i u o v i rt u t e m a t he m a t i ca
a
g ,

et pre c i p u e G e o m e t ri ca re s a dm i ra b i le s , pla n e s t u p e n da s
et

s t ru u n t q a t ue ae di fic a n t , j
c u u sm o di fu e ru n t c o lu m ba Ar c hi t es
li gn ea q v u ae e la ba t et pi ta i lla aen e a Ro g e ri Ba c o n i s, e t Al b e rt i
ca

M a gn i , qu e l o c u ta fui sse p e rhi b e n t ur In ha c e t ia m pa rt e e x .

c e llu i ss e fe rt u r B o e t i u s, v i r m a x i m i i n ge n i i S i c e t ia m e t .

ego m e t , hu j u s a rt i s i n du st ri a ,
ta u ru m li gu e u m c o m po su i ,
g em it

et m u gi t u m m o re t a u ri na t u ra li s p e r v i c e s e de n t e m ; dra c on em

a la s m ov en t em et sibila n t e m , i gn e m qu e et fla mm a s i n ta u ru m

a b o re su o ly ra m p e r
e v o m e n t em : se a bs q ue : vi v e n t i s a u x il i o ,
-

c a n t u m sy m ph o n i a ru m m o du la n t e m et m u l ta a li q
a u ae m e ra a rt e

t e m pl a t i v e m a gi c ; a n d c o n se qu e n t l y ,
si n c e w ha t is su b a -
l t e rn a t e t o t he
one i s t he sa m e t o t h e o t h e r, i t w ill n ot b e h a rd t o dis e n ta n gl e it ou t

o fa n i n fin i t e web o f s u pe rst i t i o n s , &c .

(p . 2 2,
“
De Qu i n c ey wr i t e s : U n do u b t e dly a m o n gs t t he Ro s i c ru c i a n t i t l es of

ho n o u r w e fi n d t ha t o f M a gu s
”
(p . 37 2 ,
“
I n qui r
O ri g i n o f y in t o t he
t he F
re e m a so n s a n d Ros i c ru c i a n s Th i s i s u n do u b t edly o f Pe rs i a n o ri g i n ,
gi v i n g i n i t s pl u ra l fo rm M a gi . It i s s t ri ki n g t o fi n d Ba c o n disc u ss i n g t he
”
Pe rs i a n M a gi c .
 B A C O N A ND T H E R O S I C R U CI A NS . 2 87

m a t he m a t i c a , si n e m a gi c , na t u ra li s su pp l e m e n t o ,
p rae st a re n on

p o t u i ss e , 1 6 1 7 , pp 2 3, A ga i n .

“
Ex hi s i gi t u r m a n ife s t u m e st n o n o m n e m m a gi se sp e c i e m e ss e
r e u di a n da m , c u m
p p ri m a e j u s diffe r e n t i a e t s e c u n da s i n t la u da
bil e s e t a dm i ra bi l e s u lt i m a s e ro p ro t u rpi s s i m i s Di a b o li so idi bu s v
e s se ha b e n da s, e t in u lt i m a s o b li v i o n i s o ra s a b ho m i n i bu s re l e

g a n da s, cu m D . L i ba v io
pu t a mus E t p r o e nl du bi o F ra t r e s de
.

R C . . ha s M a gi se s
p e c i e s, e t p rae c i pu e pr i m a m , c u m de n a t u r ae

fa c u lt a tibu s a rc a n i s l o qu a n t u r, i n t e lli ge re eo lo c o v i de n t u r, u bi

de M a gi c a s c ri pt u ra , e t n o a li n gu a m e n t i o n e m fe c e ru n t v
u on ia m q
s c r i t u ra m i lla m c ha ra c t e r i b u s m a n i li b ri Na t u r ae fa c t a m e s s e
p g
”
a li b i a
g n o v e ru n t
(I In sho r t , Fl u dd l i m s t h e w o r d m a gi c
c a

fo r na t u ra l philo so ph y ,
or sc i e n c e a ft e r t he B
a c o n i a n s st e m y .

No w c o m p a re B a c on , a n d n ot e he llu de s t o t he P ersi a n M a gi c
a

li k e Fl u dd .
“
Bu t i t se e m s r e q u i si t e i n t hi s pl a c e t ha t t he w o r d

M a gi a , a c c e pt e d fo r l o n g t i m e i n t he w o rs t pa r t
a
(se n se
) ,
be
r e st o re d t o t he a n c i e n t a n d ho n o u ra b l e p la c e M a gi a . a mon gst the
P ersi a n s w a s ta k en fo r a su b li m e sa pi e n c e , a n d a sc i e n c e o f t he

ha rm o n y ,
a n d c o n se n t s of uni v e rsa l i n n a t u re ; so t ho se t hr e e

e a st e rn ki n
g s, w hi c h ca m e to a do re C hri st , a re st yl ed by t he
na me of M a gi ; a nd we u n de r st a n d i t i n t ha t s e n se a s t o be a

sc i e n c e w hi c h de du c e t h t he k n o w le dg e of hi dde n fo rm s t o st ra n
g e

a n d w o n de rfu l e ffe c t s a n d o p e ra t i o n s, a nd a s it is c om m on l y sa i d by
j oi n in g A c ti v es w i t h Pa ssi v e s, w hi c h di sc lo s e t h t he gre a t w o n de r s

of n a t u re
”
(B
p 1 69 ,k IIIAd a n c e m e n t o f
oo .
, .
“
v
No w , he r e i s t he w o n de rfu l pa ra lle l, fo r c o n t i n u i n g t he u o t a t i o n q
fi
fro m Flu dd rst gi v e n (a n d w hi c h w e e pre ssl a br i dg e d fo r t he x y
sa k
e o f c l e a r e r e p o si t i o n ) fr o m
“
x ”
P r eesti gi a tri r , he c o n t i n u e s
O c c u lt i ssi m a m et a rc a n i ss i m a m i lla m
p hy si c e s pa rt e m , qua
m y st i c ae c r e a t u ra ru m na t ura li u m pro pri e t a t e s e li c i u n t u r Na t u ra
le m a ppe lla m us . S i c S a p i en tes regii qu i Chri stu m n a tu m (stella n ova
a b Ori en te du ce) qu ee si veru n t, M a gi sun t di oti , qu on i a m a d su rn ma m
re ru m na tu ra li u m cogn i ti on em lesti a m qu a m su blu na ri u/m,
ta m ca

a tti ger u n t . S u b ha c ip sa e ti a m M a goru m Speci e comp rehe n su s est

,

om n i u m
S a lom on , qua ten u s a rca n a s reru m crea ta ru m f a cu lta tes , ci
2 88 B A C O N A ND T H E R O S I C R U C I A NS .

p rop rie ta tes n o vi t, di ci tu r en i m omn u m i p la n ta ru m ua tu ra s d ce dro

” “
me ntis L i ba ni us que a d Hyssop a m i n telle c isse, &c .
( T ra c ta tu s

Pa rs . I .
, p . 24, I ho p e t he re a de r p e r c e i v es

t he t hre e e xt ra o rdi n a r y pa ra lle ls ru n n i n

g be t w e en B a con a nd

Flu dd i n t he s e pa ssa g e s , v i z , t he s u b e c t m a t t e r — pu rgi n g o r . j

e xa m i n a t i o n o f t he t e rm M a i a o r M a i c — t he sa m e a llu si o n t o
g g
Pe rsi a n Ma gi c t he sa m e re fe r e n c e t o t he n a t i vi t o f C hri st a n d
-
y
t he s ta r i n t he Ea s t , a nd t he fi na l ide n t i c a l a llu si o n t o S o lo m o n
Bu t t he s t ri ki n i s t ha t t he fa m o u s w hi c h
g pa rt s ta r a pp e a re d in
1 5 72 is p o s e d by
su p a st ro n o m e rs (se e Ma z z a ro t h) t o ha v e be e n
t he s ta r of B
e t hl e he m . An d it wa s t hi s s t a r, in c on n ec t ion wi t h

t he pro phe c y of Pa ra c e l su s, t ha t g v a e ri s e t o t he Ro si c ru c i a n s .
*

All t hi s re c eiv es fur t he r s u sp i c i ou s e vi d en ce w he n w e re fl ect t ha t

t he
“
Ne w A t la n tis
”
i s t e rm e d “
S olomo n
’
s House .
”
B a con
ga i n a

“
re
pea t s t he r e t he pa ssa
g e c i t e d u po n S o lo m o n Ye s ha l l u n de r

s ta nd (m y dea r fri e n ds ) t ha t a m o n gst t he e x c e lle n t a cts of t ha t

ki n g, o n e a bo v e ll ha t h t he pre e m i n e n c e
a It w a s t he e re c t i o n
-
.

d i n st i t u t i o n o f a n order or soci e ty, whi ch we ca ll S olom o n s Ho use

’
a n .

T he n o bl e st fo u n da t i o n (a s w e t hi n k) v
t ha t e e r w a s u p o n t he

ea r t h, a n d t he la n t ho rn o f t hi s ki
gdo m I t i s dedi ca ted to the
n .

s tu dy f
o the works a nd c rea tu res o f God S o m e t hi n i t be a re t h t he
. k
fou n de r s li tt le c o rru p t e d, a s if it s ho u ld be S o la m o n a
’ ’
na me a s

Ho u s e . Bu t t he re c o rds w ri t e i t a s it is sp o k en . So a s Itk a e

i t t o b e de n o m i n a t e of t he Ki n g T of t he H e bre w s, w hi c h i s
fa m ou s w i t h y o u , a nd no s t ra n ge r to us . F o r w e ha ve so m e

p a r t s o f hi s wor k s, w hi c h wi t h y o u a re lo st . Na me ly ,
tha t
Na tu ra l Hi story ,
whi ch he wro te o f
ll p la n ts, fro m the Ceda r of
a

L i b an us , to the moss tha t growe th ou t of the wa ll

”
(p No w ,
.

ma r k t he p a ra lle l , B k
a c o n li e , S o l o m o n w ri t e s a Na t u ra l H i s

1 5 7 2 w a s de c l a re d by Pa ra c e l su s to be the
‘
Th e Co m e t of s i gn a nd

ha r bi n ge r of the app r oa c hi n g r evo lu ti o n ,

’
a nd i t w ill re a di ly b e b e l i e v d th
e a t
his i n n u m e ra b l e di sc i pl e s w o u ld w e l c o m e a se c re t so c i e t y w ho se v a st c la im s
w e re fo u n de d o n t he p h i l o s o ph y o f t h e m a s t e r, w h o m th y ve e n e ra ted
Wa i t e Rea l H i s t o ry
’
s o f t h e Ro s i c ru c i a n s

1 Ba c o n , i n s pe a k i n g o f t h i s k i n g w h o
"
s y m b o li s es w i th So lo m o n , se e m s t o

a l lu de t o a m es J I
R L El li s (v o l i ii
. . . . . Wo rks
 B A C O N A ND T H E R O S J C R UC Z A NS . 2 89

t or y i n t en c e n t u r i e s, a nd a
g i n i n t r o du c e s t hi s p a s sa ge (
a C en

tur y VI .
, p 1 1 3.
,
Ex
p . The S c ri p t u r e sa i t h t ha t S o l o m o n
w ro t e a
‘
Na t u ra l Hi st o r y ,
’

f rom the ce da r o f Li ba n u s to the m oss grow

i n g up on the wa ll fo r so t he b e st t ra di t i o n s ha v e it . T he r ea de r
m u st se e ho w c u ri o u s i t i s t o fin d B a c on t e lli n g us t he fo u n de r of

t he o r de r or so c i e t y of t he
“
C o ll e ge of t he S i x Da y s
”
bea rs
S olom on
’
s na me a li ttle corrup ted, a nd ho w s t ra n g e t o fin d B a c on

i m i t a t i n g So lo m o n
’
s Na t u ra l H i s t o ry i n t he pla n of hi s S l yv a

Sy lv a r u m , w hi c h la rge l y de a ls i n p la n t s a n d v e ge t a b le life !
Are w e sur e B a con hi m se lf w a s n ot a re
p re se n t a ti v e Solom o n
a nd t h e fo u n de r of t he o r de r or so c i e t y of t he Ro si c ru c i a ns

w ho m J o hn H e do n de c la y re s t o b e t he p e o p l e of B a con s
’ “
Ne w
A t la n tis
”
? Bu t a t a n
y ra t e t he re a de r m u st se e t he a b su r di t y
of De Q u in c e y ’
s st a t e m e n t s, fo r he do e s n ot ex pl i a n ho w i t i s
S o lo m o n pla s y su c h a
g re a t pa rt i n Fre c m a -
so n r y ,
a nd i n t he
Ne w A t la n t i s .
”
If F l u dd q u ot e s S o lo m o n , so d Bo es a c on i n t he
sa m e w o r ds, a nd in a ma r k ed a n d e xt ra o r di n a ymr a n n e r, o v er

v vi d y
.

a nd o er a a in T he w e i ght of a ll t hi s e en c e ca n o n l c om e
g .

ho m e w i t h fu ll fo r c e a nd a
ppr e c i a t i o n t o M a s o n s o r st u de n t s o f
t he se su b e c t s j . I ha v e t he o pi n i o n o f a g e n t l e m a n w ho n o t o n l y
wa s a m e m ber of t he m o de rn so c i e t y of Ro si c ru c i a ns
(t o w hi c h

t he la t e L o rd L t t o n b e lo n g e d y ) ,
bu t i s a v o lu m i n o u s a u t ho r o n

ma so n i c su b j e c t s, t ha t Ihv a e, pri m a
fa ci e ,
m a de ou t my c a se .
”

T hi s ge n t le m a n , t o w ho m w a s r e c o m m e n de d a s o n e o f t he I
hi ghe st a u t ho ri t i e s i n En gla n d u p o n t hi s su b e c t , de c la r e s t ha t j
t he Ne w A t la n t i s i s pro ba bl t he k e y t o t he ri t u a l o f F re e y
Fl u dd re pe a ts i n t he se c o n d
p a rt (
“
De S c i e n t ia ru m

Nou n e e ti a m c om m e m o ra t u m e st i n sa c ri s H e b raeo ru m hi s t o ri i s, S o l o m on e m
re g e m a d hu j u s S a pi e n t i ee N a t u ra l i s a pi c e m e t c u l m e n a t t i g i sse ? C u i a De o
”
c o n c e ssu m e ra t a C e dro L ib a n i u s qu e a d H y so pu m di s pu t a s se (p In .

“
on e of t h e Ros i c ru c i a n ma n i fe st o e s w e re a d :O u r p hi l o s o p h y a ls o i s n o t a
n ew in ven t i o n , bu t a s Ada m a ft e r h i s v
fa ll h a t h re c e i e d i t a n d a s i ll oses a n d
S o lom on u se d it .

H ere w e ha v e pro of of Ba
’
c o n s c o n n e c t i on w i th t he so c i et y fro m hi s fre qu e n t
v
qu o ta t i o n s a n d pro e rb s fro m S o l o m o n ( A d a n c e m e n t o f L e a rn i n g
“
v a nd

c hi e fly i n t h e
“
Ne w At l a n t i s , w hi c h h e c a ll s , S o l o m o n s H ou s e
” ’
. T he
s t rik i n i i t h e i de n t i t y o f t h e qu o t a t i on , re p e a t e d t h ri c e b
g p o n t s
y Ba c o n .
2
90 B A C O N A ND T H E R O S I C R UC IA NS .

ma s o nr y ,
a nd I c o n si de r t he e vi d en ce of su c h a n e xp e r t ou t

w e ig hs i n v a lu e t he s c o ffi n
g i n c re du l i t y or ho s t ile c ri t i c sm i of a

m u lt i t u de o f o u t s i de u n b e li e v e rs . M r H u gha n , t o w ho m I re fe r,

Sk
”
i s t he a u t ho r o f
“
Ma so n i c e t c he s a n d Re p ri n t s, i n a u gu ra t e d
by hi m i n 1 869 , a nd w hi c h ha v e b e e n hea rt i l y a p pre c ia t e d i n
G rea t B r i ta in a nd A m e ri ca .

De Q uin c e y a sc ri b e s t o Flu dd t he o r i gi n of Ma so n r y i n Eng

la nd — t ha t i s of m o de rn M a so n r —c o n fe ssi n gy t hu s t he Ro si

c ru c i a n s o u rc e . T he pa ra lle l s sho w n b e t w e e n Flu dd s w o r k ’

s a nd

B a c on s en
’
do r se Q y
D e u i n c e s la st a s su m p t i o n , a n d sho w
’
B a con s
’

c la i m t o b e fo u n de r st a n ds u po n a fa r s t ro n
g er ch i f vi d
a n o e ence

t ha n Flu dd s
’
. B a co n , we ca n u n de rs t a n d, ha d v y bj t
e er o ec in
t he w o rld fo r c o n c ea li n g hi s Ro si c ru c i a n fo u n de rs hi p . He se e m s

t o hi n t a t t hi s w he n he so fre q u e n tl y q u o te s S o l o m o n , t o t he
e ffe c t t ha t , The glory of God i s to co ncea l a thi n g, bu t the glo ry of
the Ki n g i s to fin d i t ou t
”
T hi s he r e p e a t s fre u en t l
. It se e m s q y .

a lm o s t a x
t e t i llu st ra t i n g t he di i n e v se c r e c y a n d re se r v e of hi s
m i n d, w hi c h i s a s su b t l e a s Na t ur e i t se l f . An y c o n fe ssi o n o p e n l y
m a de t o t he e ffe c t t ha t he w a s t he fo u n de r of t he o rde r, c o u ld

ha rdl yb e e xp e c t e d, s e e i n g t he y ca lle d t he m se l v es i n visibles, a nd

co v e re d t he m s e l v es w ith a c lo u d . M y st e r y wapa rt o f t he i r
s

p o w e r, a gre a t wa y i f n o t e n t i re l y ,
t he i r fi rs t m o v i n
g p ri n c i p le .

S e lf sa m fice , bo rro w e d fro m t he

-
e xa m pl e of Chri st , I a m c e rt a in
wa s t he fo u n da t i o n o r c o rn e r s t o n e -
of t he i r
Sp i i i tna l Temp le, t he
re b u i ldi n g o f w hi c h c o u ld o n l yb e e ffe c t e d by a e s u n b o rn
g In .

t e n se re li gi o u s fa i t h, b e li e f i n t he u lt i m a te re
g e n e ra t io n of ma n,

a nd t he sc ri p t u ra l s u c c e ss o n o f i t i m e s , t he yl a b o u r e d to sow the

g ood seed i n si len ce , i n da rkn e ss, i n se l f ren u n ci a

-
ti o n. T he sa c ri fi ce

a l l t hi s i m p li e s fi n ds i t s r e e c ho i n
-
B a con s a
’

pp e a l t o fu t u re a
ge s ,
in hi s hi n t s o f se l f sa c ri fi c e ,
-
i n hi s l v o e fo r hu m a n it y ,
i n hi s end

le ss c i ta tio n s fro m t he B i bl e . J u dgi n g fro m t he Ro si c ru c i a n

w ri t i n gs onl y ,
we s ho u l d e xp ect t o fi n d i n t he fo u n de r a nd
p ro

m o ter of t hi s so c i e t y ,
a ma n be n t u po n re fo rm i n
g p hi l o so h
p by y
di r e c t a ppe a l to Na t u r e , y e t su b o rdi n a tin g a ll t hi s t o S c ri pt u r e .

It i s v y er c e rt a in B a con be li e v ed i n t he S uccessi o n of Ti mes , in

 B A C O N A ND T H E R O S I C R U C I A NS
‘

. 2 91

a sc ri p t u ra l s e n se . No t onl y i s t hi s sha do w e d fo r t h i n hi s
m o t t o fro m Da n iel Ma n y sha ll go t o a n d fro , a n d n o w l e dge k
s ha ll b e i n c re a se d, w hi c h i s a t t a c he d t o b o t h t he t i t l e pa ge s o f

t he No v um O rga n u m a nd Ad v a n c em e n t o f L e a rn i n g
b u t t hi s a s i s w e ll k n own is in c o n ta c t w i t h t he B ook f
o S ei en
Sea ls m e n t i o n e d i n Re v e la tio n . Di d B a con ta k e t hi s m o t t o fro m

Da n i el w i t h t he t ho u ght of t he c on t e xt i n hi s m i n d ? “
Bu t
t ho u , 0 Da n i e l, shu t up the words, a n d sea l the B ook, even to the
ti me o f the en d ma n y s ha ll ru n to a nd fr o , a nd k n o w l e dge sha ll
”
b e i n c r e a se d (Da n i e l xii . Thi s ha s be e n a c c e pt e d by a

n u m be r o f di v i n e s p r o p he c
a s a y of t he p r e se n t ge , a n d ha s b e e n
a

w o n de rfu ll y fi
fu l lle d i n i t s l a tt e r se n se . It i s c u r i o u s t o fi n d t hi s

m ott o a t t a c h e d t o t he “
Ad v a n c em e n t of L ea rn i n
”
g, 1 64 0, w i t h
i t s m i spa gi n g, i t s e n dle s s e n i gm a s, its e s o t e ri c y
s t l e , i t s S e c re t

D e li v e r v of Kn o w l e dge by m ea n s of Ci p he r s, a nd t he Wi sdo m “

v k w o r k — t he
”
of P ri a te Sp e e c h ! T he c o n c lu di n g boo of t hi s

n i n t h— de a l s w i t h
“
Em a na t i o n s fro m S c ri p t u r e , w hi c h B a con

ca lls “
U t re s Coe le st e s,
”
w he r e he de a l s wi t h t he
“
ma n n er o f
i n terp reti n g,
”
w hi c h h e di i de s i n t o v M e thodi ca l a n d S olu te, or a t

la rg e . It i s ea s y to se e t ha t he hi n t s a t a p rofou n d system of
i n terp reta ti o n , e s o t e ri c i n di st i n c t i o n t o a n e xo t e ri c s st e m fo r y
g e n e ra l u se .
“
v
F o r t hi s di in e w a t e r, w hi c h i n fi n it e ly e x c e ll s

t ha t of Ja c ob s
’
W e ll ,
i s dra w n fo rt h a nd de li v e re d m u ch a ft e r
t he sa me ma n n er a s Na t u ra l Wa t e rs u se t o be ou t of w e lls fo r
t he se a t t he fi rst dra u ght a re e i t he r r e c e i v
’
d in to c i st e rn s, a n d

so m a y be c on v e
yd
’
de ri v d by m a n
a nd
’
y p i p e s fo r p u bli c a nd

p ri v a te u se , o r i s p o u r e d fo rt h i n bu c e t s k a nd v
e s se l s, t o b e us
’
d
ou t of ha n d, a s o c c a si o n re q u i re s
(p . Thi s se e m s a c le a r

hi n t fo r a n un de rgro u n d i n t e rpr e t a t i o n — Tru t h b e i n g a t t he

“
bo t t o m of a w e ll a nd hi dde n fro m si
ght . Fo r i t m u st b e
re m e m b e re d, t ha t t he r e a re t w o po i n t s k n ow n to G o d ; t he
a u t ho r o f S c ri p t u r e , w hi c h m a h
’
n s na t u re c a n n o t c om
p re e n d, t ha t
”
se c re t s o f a nd the f
i s t he t he h e a r t su ccessi on o ti m es (p .

Flu dd w ri t e s
“
No s do c e t A p o st o lu s a d m y st e ri i p e rfe c
A gri colce , rel A rchi tec ti , typ o
t i on em v el su b p e rt i n g e r e ; e i t he r
 B A C O N A ND T H E R OS I C R U C I A NS .

u n de r t he i ma ge hu sba ndma field

f
o a n who cu lti va tes a ,
or o f a n

a rc hi tect who bu i lds a ho u se : a nd ha d t he fo rm e r t p e b e e n a do pt e d y

we s ho u l d ha v e ha d F ree -
hus ba nd men i n s t ea d o f Fre c m a so n s ” -
.

Aga i n i n a n o t he r p la ce Ro be r t Flu dd w ri t e s At q ue su b

i st i u sm o diA rchi tecti typ o n o s m o n e t p ro p he ta ut aedific e m u s

”
dom a m S a p i e n ti ce (se e “
n u ir i n t o t he O ri gi n I q y of t he Ro s i c ru
ei a u s a n d Fre e m a -
so n s , 410 D Q , e u in c e y) . No w he re i s a n e xt ra

o rdi n a r y pa ra ll e l . B a c on s
’
E t hi c s a re e n t i t le c Georgi cs o
f the
”
M i n d (G e o rgi ca A n i m i ) , a n d o f c ou rs e t hi s t i t l e a ppli e s t o t he
c u lt u r e o f t he c ha ra c t e r in a n a ri c u l t u ra l se n se Else w here w e
g .

po i n t o u t ho w B a co n c lo s e s t he
“
De A u gm e n t i s w i t h a n a gri '

"
c u l t u ra l si m i le , I ha ve sowe n u n to P osteri ty a n d the i m morta l God .

The t i t le pa ge o f a c o n s A d B ’
v a n c em e n t of Lea rn i n
g,
”
t ra ns a l t ed
by G ilb e rt Wa t s , i s a s fo llo w s,
F ra n c i sc i De Ve ru la m i o ,
A r c hi t e c t u ra S c i e n t i a ru m .

’
H e r e i n de e d i s Flu dd s t pi c a l e m b le m o f a rchi te ctu re a n d y
a rchi te ct, a
ppl i e d b y B
a c o n t o hi m s e lf, wi t h r e ga rd t o t he
“
G e n e ra l

Id ea a nd P ro j e ct of t he I n s t a u ra tio n . A n d t hi s i s no ca su a l
si m i e , l bu t fre q u en t l y t o be re o u n f d a ffe c t i n g t he i m a ge r y a nd

st yl e of t he t e xt . Fo r e x a m pl e , i n t he S i t h x B k oo ,
w r i t i n g o f t he

s c he m e , m e t ho d, pa rt s of t he
“
I n s ta u r a tio n
” “
B u t t he s e a re t he

ki n ds o f M e t ho d ; t he pa rt s a re two t he o n e of t he di sp o si t i o n

of a w ho l e w o r k ,
or of t he a r
g u m e n t o f so m e bo o k t he o t he r o f

t he li m i ta t i o n s o f pro p o si t i o n s . Fo r t he r e b e lo n gs t o A rchi tec tu re

n o t on l y th e fra m e o f t he w ho l e bu i ldi n g, bu t li k e wi s e t he fo rm

a n d fig u re o f t he colu m n s , bea ms , a nd the li ke a nd M ethod i s, as it

were, the a rchi te ctu re o f sci en ces U p o n t he t i t le pa ge p re x e d t o fi

t he P la t fo rm of t he D e si gn , w e fi n d t he m o t t o , De u s o m n ia
i n m e n su ra ,
et n u m e ro et o rdi n e di sp o su i t .
”
Thi s t ho r o u ghl y
“
re e s w i t h t he la s t pa s sa g e, t ha t m e t hod i s , a s i t w e re , t he
ag
Ar c hi te c t u re of t he Sc i e n c e s W i t h re ga rd t o F lu dd s sta t e m e n t
.
” ’

Hou se of Wi sdom (do m u m sa p i e n t i se )

”
“ t he
a s t o t he bu i ldi n g of ,

we v y er s t ra n ge l y fi n d T e n i so n , i n
“
B a c o n ia n a ,
”
t wi c e ca lli n g

B a c on s
’ “ I n s t a u ra t ion b y t hi s t i t le .
“
T he w o r k ,
t he re fo re , of
 BA CO N A ND T H E R O S Z CR U CI A NS . 2 93

t he I n st a u ra tion w a s a n o ri gi n a l, a nd a w or k so v a st a n d c om

p re he n si v e i n i t s de si gn , t ha t t ho u gh o t he r s i n t ha t ge m i ght a

hew ou t thi s or the

p i lla other
r,
ge t of hi m a lone
[ a B ]
c o n i t seem e th tru e

tha t he fra m ed the whole m ode l of the H ou se of PVi sdom (p . T he

re a v
de r p e rc e i e s t he a rchi tectu ra l la n gua ge T e n i so n e m pl o s y .
*
An d
k
i t i s s t i ll m o r e s t ri i n g t o fi n d a m o n gst t he i n i t i a l s of t he

m e m b e rs or fou n de rs of t he Ro si c ru c i a n s, t he i n i t i a l s F B . .
,
wi t h
“ ” “
t he w o rds P i c tor cl A rchi tectus fo llo w i n g t he m . A ft e r t hi s
ma n n er be ga n t he fra t e rn i t y of t he Ro si e Cr o ss — fi rst by fo u r
,

p e rs o n s o n l , y a nd by t he m w a s m a de t he m a gi c a l la n
g ua
g e a nd

wr i t i n g , w i t h a la rg e di c t i o n a r y ,
w hi c h w e y e t da i l y u se t o G od s
’

y
pra i s e a n d glo r , a n d do fi nd gre a t W i sdo m t he r e i n The m a de . y
a l s o t he r st fi k
pa r t o f t he b o o M , b u t i n r e sp e c t t ha t t ha t la b o u r
wa s t oo he a vy ,
a nd t he u n sp e a k a bl e c o n c o u rs e of t he si c k
hi n de r e d t he m , a nd a l s o w hilst hi s n ew b u i ldi n g (c a ll e d S a n cti
Sp i ri tu s) w a s n ow fi n i sh e d, t he y c o n c l u de d t o dra w a n d re c ei v e

yet o t he r s i n t o t h e i r fra t e rn i t y . T o t hi s end wa s c ho s e n B ro t he r

R C
’ ’
. .
,
hi s de c e a se d fa t he r s b r o t he r s so n ; B ro ther B .
,
a skil u l f
p a i n ter F a m a F ra t e r n i t a t i s .
”
Wa i t e s ’
Re a l H i st o r y of t he

Ro si c ru c i a n s,
”
pp 7 1 , 7 . Who wa s t hi s “
B rother B .
, a ski lfu l

p a i n ter
”
? It i s e c e ssi x v lye c u ri o u s to re fi n d t he se i n i t i a l s a nd
’
t i t le s a m o n gst t he m e m b e r s na m e s, i n sc ri b e d u n de r t he a lt a r in
t he v a u lt , w he r e t he b o d y of C hri st i a Ro s e n c r e u t z la y bu ri e d
n .

T ha t t he w ho l e st o r y wa s a sp l e n di d cti on fi
t o c o n c e a l t he
na m es of p e rs o n s li vi n g a t t he t im e , is n ot on l y p ro v ed by
B u rt o n s
’
t e st i m o n y ,
1 6 2 1 , w ho wr i t e s of t he fo u n de r n ow

li vi n g,
”
b u t b y t he e i de n c e v of L e ib n i t z a nd Va n H e lm o n t .

A m o n gst m o de rn c ri t i c s, D e Q u in c e y a nd Mr Wa i t e (t he
la t e st w ri t e r on t hi s j
su b e c t
) both a rr iv e a t t he sa me c o n c l u si o n .

De Q u in c e y sa y q s, u ot i n
g P ro fe ss o r J . G . Bu hl e
’
s w or k on

t hi s su b e c t : j “
To a hoa x pl a e d o ff by ay y ou n g ma n of e xt ra

T e n i s o n w ri t e s :
“
An d t h o se w h o h a v e t ru e sk i l l i n t h e w o rk s of t he
L ord V m , l i k e g re a t m a st e rs i n pa i n t i n g , c a n t e ll b y t h e desi gn , t h e
e ru l a

s tr en gth , the w a y of c o l or i n g, w h e t h e r h e w a s t h e a u t h o r o f t hi s o r t h e o t h e r

p i e c e ,
t hou gh hi s n a m e be n ot to i t (p 7 9 ,
B a con ia n a .
 2
94 B A C O N A ND TH E R O S I C R U C I A NS .

o rdi n a r y t a le n t s i n t he b eg i n n i n g o f t he se v e n te e n th c e n tu r y
a bou t 1 61 0 b u t fo r a m o re e l e p u rp o se t ha n v a t ed

m o st ho a x es in vol v e, t he re a de r wi ll fi n d t ha t t he w ho l e m ste ri e s y
of Fre e m a -
so n r y ,
a s n ow e xi st i n g a ll o v er t he c i v i li z e d w o rld,

a ft e r a la p se o f m o re t ha n t w o c e n t ur i e s , a re he re di s t i n c t l y
t ra ced
”
(p 3 5 7
.
,
“
n u ir i g I q y
n t o t he O ri i n o f t he Ro s i c ru c i a n s

a nd Fr e e m a -
so n s D Q e y wh ly
uince ,
o on a cts i n t he s e n se

of a n e xp o u n de r of Bu hl w k g
e s
’
i th or ,
a re e s n e m a i n w i t h t hi s

y
h p o t he s i s . He c o n c lu s i v ly p ve t h fi t iti ro es e c ou s c ha ra c t e r of

t he e n t i r e n a rra ti v e i g t h di
c o n c e rn n v y e sc o er of Fa t he r Ro s y
Cro ss s G ra
’
v e a nd Va u lt , by s ho wi n g t ha t t he sta t e m e n t t ha t

t he Voc a bu la ri u m of Pa ra c e su s l wa s fo u n d i n t he v a ult before i t

exi ste d, ma n ife s t l y is a b su rd ! “
Fi n a ll y ,
to sa
y n ot hi n g of t he

Vo c a bu la ri u m of Pa ra c e ls u s , w hi c h m u st ha v e be en pu t i n t o
t he g ra v e b e fo re i t e xi st e d, t he Ro s i c ru c i a ns a re sa i d t o be
P ro t e sta n t s, t ho u gh fo u n de d u pw a rds of a cen tur y b e fo r e t he
Re fo rm a t i o n . In sho rt , t he fi ctio n i s m o n st ro u s, a nd b e t ra y s

i t se lf i n e v y er c i r c u m s ta n c e . Who so e v e r wa s its a u t ho r m u st
be l o o k ed u po n a s t he fo u n de r, i n e ffe c t , of t he Ro si c ru c i a n

o rde r, i n a sm u c h a s thi s ficti on wa s the a ccide n ta l occa si o n o f suc h a n

”
orde r bei n g re a lly fou n ded .

It se em s t o u s hi g hl y pro ba bl e t ha t B rothe r B p i c tor c t

.
,

A rchi tec tus , w a s t he A r c hi t e c t a nd P oe t P a i n te r o f t hi s s o c i e t y

— it s o ri gi n a t or . The re a de r w i ll b e s u r pr i s e d to fin d Si r
Phi li p Si dn e y ,
B e n J o n so n , a nd B a con ea c h de sc ri bi n g P oe try
*
a s a ki n d of p a i n ti n g .

“
T he m o s t n o ta bl e i llu s t ra t i o n w e ha v e of t he c lo s e c o n n e c t i o n

a —P l u t —Po e t ry
“
P ocs is , a rch a nd Pi o t i n of a li k e
p i c tu rct a rt s
'

. e a re

na t u re , a n d b o t h a re b u sy
bo u t i m i ta t i o n It w a s e c e l le n t l y sa id o f
a . x
Plu ta rc h , p o e try w a s a s pea k i n g pi c t u re , a n d p i c t u re a m u t e poe sy Fo r
v
.

t h e y b o t h i n e n t , fe i g n, a n d de v i s e m a n y t hi n gs , a n d a c c o m m oda t e a l l t h e y
v
i n e n t t o t h e u se a n d se r i c e o f n a tu re
”
v
D is c o e ri e s , Be n o n so n ) v J
—Who so e
.

D e P i ctu r a . v er lo v
e s n ot pi c t u re i s i m pe ri o u s t o t ru t h , a nd a ll
th e w i sdo m po e t ry of

D e Pr ogr es F i a n n a .
—Pi c t u re t o o k h e r fe ign i n g fro m po e t ry
Po esy c o m po se t h a n d i n t ro du c e t h a t pl ea s u re , eve n a s pa i nt i n g do th w hi c h
i n dee d i s t h e w o rk o f t he i m a g i n a t i o n (c h i Li b . . . II “
Ad v a n ce m en t of

Lea rn in g ,
 B A C O N A ND T H E B O S I CB U C TA NS . 2 95

of Fre e m a -
so n r y a nd Ro si c ru c i a n i sm is in t he c a se of Eli a s

A shm o l e , w ho w a s i n i tia t ed a t Wa rri n gt o n ,

La n c a shi r e , on t he

l 6 t h O c t o b e r 1 6 4 6, a l o n g wi t h C o lo n e l H e n r y M a i n w a ri n g , t h e
de sc e n da nt o f a n a n ci en t Che shi re fa m il y . A t t hi s m e e t i n g w e r e

pr e s e n t, Mr Ri c h . Pe n ke t , l/V arden , Mr J a m es C o lli e r, M r

Ri c ha r d Sa n ky e ,
Hen r y L i t t l e r, J o hn Ella m , Ri c ha rd Ella m ,
a nd Hu gh re w e r The s e B . c he m i c a l a de pt s m e t a t Ma so n s
’
H a ll,
Ba si n gha ll S t re e t , L o n do n a nd A shm o l e fre q u en t l y re c or ds t ha t
he is
’
t t e n de d t he F e a st of t he A s t r o l o g e r s T he a ss o c i a tion
‘
a .

sa i d t o ha v e b e e n fo rm e d on t h e m o de l of t he G e rm a n so c i e t y ,
’
a nd o f the li te ra ry a ssoci a ti on a llegori ca lly descri bed i n L ord B a con s
‘
Ne w A tla n ti s a s the ‘
H ou se of S olomon
’
De Qu i n ce y a sserts tha t
.

thi s i s the tru e ori gi n o f the S oci e ty f

o F ree m a son s
-
there i s

e vi de n ce t ha t ge n u i n e O p e ra ti v e Fr e e m a -
so n r y a dop ted Cus tom s

f rom the Rosi c ru ci a ns a n d Te mp la rs

n

(
“
M y st e ri e s of An ti q i ty
u ,
”

p 1 06 ,
.Ya r k er ) .

It i s m o st i m p o rt a n t to n ote t ha t w e fi n d Ni c o la i M u rr , ,
B u hle ,

a nd De Q u in c e y a ll a
gr e e i n g t ha t F r e e m a so n ry gre w o u t of Ro si
c ru c i a n i sm . De Q y ui n c e wr i t e s
“
s ha ll n o w su m I up t he

r e su l t s o i
'

m y in q i y i t th
u r n o e o r i gi n a n d n a tu re of F re e m a -
so n r y .

I . T hegi n a l F re e m a so n s w e re a so c i e t t ha t
o ri -
y a r o se o u t o f t he

Ro si c ru c i a n m a n i a , c e rt a i n l wi t hi n t he t hi rt e e n y y e a rs fro m 1 6 33
t o 1 64 6, a nd
p r o ba bl yb et ween 1 6 33 a nd 1 64 0
”
(p . L o rd
B a con di e d i n 1 62 6 . A ga i n :
“
The re i s n o t hi n
g i n t he i m a
g er , y
m yt h s, r i t u a l, or p ur
po se s o f t he e lde r Fr e e -
m a so n r , w hi c h m a y y
n ot b e t ra ce d t o t he ro m a n c e s o f F a t he r Ro sy c ro s s, a s g i v en in
t he Fa m a F ra t e rn i t a t i s (p . T hi s i s a g re a p o i t
nt

g ian e d, b e c a u se Ni c o l a i a n d M ur r m a i n t a i n t ha t t he j
o b e c t o f t he

e lde r F r e e—
’
m a s o n s w a s to bu i ld L ord B a c on s i m a gi n a ry Temp le of

S olom on *
Thi s D e u i n c e w i ll n o t a ll o w
. Q
S i m pl b e c a u s e hi sy . y
In t h e Pre fa ce to t he F a ma Fra t e rn i t a t i s , w e fin d the o p en i n g w o r ds

qu o t i n g S o l o m o n
W i sdo m (sa y e th S o l o m o n ) i s a t re a s u re un to m e n t h a t ne v er fa il e t h , fo r
she i s b re d of th e po w e r of God a n d a n i n h e ri t a n c e fl o w i n g fro m t h e gl o ry of

t he Al m i gh t y ;
T h e w i se Ki n g S o l o m o n do t h t e s t i fy of h i m s e lf t ha t h e i u po n h i s e a rn e s t
 2 96 B A C O N A ND TH E R O S I C R U C I A NS .

m i n d i s pr e j u di c e d w i t h t he idea t he re c o u ld be n ot hi n g i n
com m on be t w e e n t he sc i e n t i fi c or philo so phi c e n ds ro o se
p p d by
B a con a nd Ro s i c r u c i a n i sm . He se e m s e n t i re l y ig n o ra nt o f t he

g re a t po i n t w e ha v f
e a ddu c e d, t ha t the en ds o the Rosi cru ci a ns we re

Ba con i a n — e p e ri m e n t a l re se a rc h, t e n t a t i e i n u i r
x v q y i n to na t u re

a s w e ha v
e s e e n i n t he w ri t i n gs o f M a i e r , t he de c la ra ti on s of t he

Ro s i c ru c i a n ma n i fe s t o e s , a nd a s t he wor k s of Ro b e rt F lu dd
a bu n da n tl yt e st i f y . He wa s n ot a wa re B a c on wr i t e s i n Va le ri u s
T e rm i n u s o f a n ora l m e thod of t ra n sm i s s i o n , w hi c h he p u b li she s

a s on e of hi s i n ten ti on s, j oin ed to a re s e r vd e or p o s t hu m o u s sy s

t em of p u bli shi n g . De Q u in ce y w ri t e s q it u e i g n o ra n tl y of t he

r e li
g i o us s ide o f B a con s
’
w ri t i n gs , hi s e n dle s s a llu si o n s t o S o lo m o n ,
a nd do e s n o t se e a n
y a ffilia t i n g e vi d en ce i n t he fa c t S olom o n wa s
’
the bi bli ca l F a ther, or
p rota gon st oi f the Ros i c ru ci a n s, a n d tha t Ba co n s

College of the S i ze Da ys i s ca lled by hi m S olom o

’
ns House . De Q ui n c e y
di d n ot k now J o hn H e do n y re pro du c e s B a con s
’
Ne w A t la n t is

“ ”
w o rd fo r w o rd, w i t h t he t i t le , La n d of t he Ro si c ru c i a ns . He
do e s n o t su
gge s t a n e x pl a na t i o n w hy t he e lde r F re e m a so n i n 1 64 6
a t a l o dge m e e t i n g a t Wa rri n gt o n a do p t e d B a con s
’
t w o pi lla rs ,

w hi c h m a b
y e r e se e n u
-

po n t he t i t le pa ge o f t he -
L i bru m Na t u res ,
”

or S l yv a Sy lv a ru m ,
”
w i t h w hi c h t he
“
Ne w A t la n tis i s bo u n d
u
p T he t ru t h i s, De Q u in c e y k w xt t
ne ne o n o t hi n
g of B a con s
’

w or k s, a n d o c c u i e d
p hi m se lf e x l i v ly p
c us e u on t he p ro bl e m of t he

pra y e r a n d de s i re o b t a i n e d s u c h w i sdo m o f G o d, t ha t t he re b y he k n e w h o w
t he w o rl d w a s m a de , u n de rs t o o d t he o pe ra t i o n o f t he e l e m e n ts , t h e b e gi n n i n g ,
e n di n , a n d m i ddl e o f t h e t i m e s , t h e a l t e ra t i o n s , t h e da y s o f t h e t u rn i n g o f
g
t he su n , t he c ha n g e o f se a so n s , t he c i rc u i t o f y ea rs a nd
t h e po s i t i o n s o f s ta rs ,
t he na t u re s of v
l i i n g c rea t u re s a n d t he fu me s o f w i ld b ea s t s , t he i o l e n ce o f v
w i n ds , t he rea s o n i n gs o f m e n , t he di e rs i t i e s v of pla n ts , t he vi t r u e s o f roo ts ,
”
a nd a ll su c h t hi n gs a s a re e i t h e r s e c re t o r ma n i fe s t , t he m he k n e w .

Th i s i s pro o f t ha t S o l o m o n w a s t h e a u t h o ri t y o r i n s pi re r o f t he ra te rn i t y F .

Wi t h t hi s m u s t b e c o m pa re d t he re pea t e d qu o t a t i o n s Ba c o n m a k es i n h is
w o rk s t o S o l o m o n v v
O e r a n d o e r a ga i n h e qu o t e s hi m ca lli n g h i m t h e H o ly
.

Phi l o so ph e r Tha t t h e g l o ry o f G o d is t o c o n c ea l a t h i n g , b u t t he g lo ry o f
.

t he Ki n g is t o fi n d i t ou t : a s i f t he D i i n e v N a t u re a c c o rd i n g t o t h e in n oce n t
v
,

a n d swe et
pl a y o f c hi ldre n , w hi c h hi de t he m s e l e s t o t h e e n d t he y m a y be
”
fo u n d, t o o k de li g h t t o hi de hi s w o rk s , t o t he e n d t he y m i gh t b e fo u n d ou t
(Pre fa c e t o t he G rea t I n s ta u ra t i o n
 B A C O N A ND T H E £ 0 5 1 0 1? UC I A NS . 297

c o n n e c ti o n o f t h e Ro s i c r u c i a ns w i t h Fre e m a so n r y onl y B . a c on s
’

p a rt y t y h ly p fi i lly gl
i n t he m s er e on t d t
su er c a a n ces a ,
a n se s

a s id th e l ly f
e re a p f d a r h f N i
ro o u n l erd M r e se a rc es o co a i a n u rr ,

b t h f w h m l i vi g i G m
o o o y hd m ym
n n er a n f,
a so a n o re s o ur c e s o

li t t
e ra u re u
p t hi q t
on i t h ds D Q i
u es y w i
on at T h a n . e u n ce r es
“
e

T m pl
e f S l me o w hi h t h y p f
o o on d t b i ld t g t h
c e wi t h r o e sse o u ,
o e er

a ll t h M e i t t ib t
a so n c a p i t d ll r t i v l
u y t t
e s,h g o n d p e co ec e o e ra n ur

p o se f t ho i t ye— thso c e t ti f t h T m p l e d
res ora D on o e e a r or er . e

Q i y h d p b b ly t d B
u nce a ro a H ly W
no re a i w hi h a con s
’
o a r,
”
n c

B c w i t li k K i ght T m pl i t d i g t h T m pl
a on r es e a n e a r, n ro uc n e e a r

a n d Ro si c ru c i a n m otto o r em bl e m of t he Re d Cro ss fo u n de d by

Co n st a n t i n e i n hoe si gn o vi n ces . If h e ha d st u di e d B a c on s
’ “
Ne w
A t la n tis c a r e fu ll y ,
h e w o u ld ha v e fo u n d t ha t t he Ti rso n i s de
s c ri b e d a s ha vi n
g a sm a ll red Cross on hi s t u rb a n . J o hn Va l
An dre a s st a t es T he Ro si c ru c i a ns w e re fo rm e d ou t of t he ru i n s
”
of t he Kn i ght T e m pla r s by on e fa i t hfu l bro t h e r . The i r gre a t
a u t ho ri t y
S a i n t A u gu s t i n e ,
wa s a nd B a con s
’
fo n dn e s s fo r t hi s
a u t ho r m a
y b e di sc o e r e d by v a n y on e w ho st u di e s t he la s t
k
b o o o f t he D e A u gm e n t i s . B a con w ri t e s :
“
No t w i t hst a n di n g
w e t ho u ght g o o d to se t do w n a m o n gs t D e fi c i e n t s a s a w ho l e s o m e

a nd fi
p ro t a b l e w o r k a t r e a t i s e t o u c hi n g t he de gr e e s of Un it yi n

the Ci ty of God
”
(
p 4 7 2 ,
. B k IX
oo .
,
 C HAP TER II .

NO T ES O N RO S C R I U C I AN L I T E R AT U R E .

I W I S H t o p o i n t o u t ho w r e m a r a b le a t hi n g i t i s t o fi n d t he k
Ro si c ru c i a n s a n d t he i r li t e ra t u re a p p e a r i n g o n t he st a ge o f
E ur o p e , a n d m a i n g t he m se l e s rst k n o w n on a nd a bou t the da te v fi k
“
f S ha kesp ea The w ho l e Ro si c ru c i a
’
o re s dea th, 1 61 6 . n c o n t ro

v y e rs ,
”
w ri t e s M r Wa i t e (i n hi s fi ft h c ha pt e r of t he
“
Rea l H i s
t y or of t he “
c e n t re s in a p u b li ca tion e n t i t le d

‘
T he Chym i c a l M a rri a g e o f C hri st i a n Ro se n c re u t z It w a s r s t .
’
fi
pu b li she d a t S t ra sb o u rg i n t he ea r 1 61 6 T w o e di t i o n s o f t he y .

G e rm a n o ri gi n a l a re t o b e fo u n d i n t he B ri t si h M u se u m , *
bo t h
b ea ri n g t he da t e 1 6 1 6 C hy m i sc he H o c hz e i t : C hri s t i a ni Ro s e n
c re u t z An n o .
‘
Ers t li c k G e dru c t z o r S t ra sb o u rg . An no
M DCX VI .
’
It a pp ea r s fro m M r Wa i t e t ha t t hi s ro m a n c e is su p

po se d t o ha v e e x i s t e d i n m a n u s c ri p t a s ea r l y a s 1 6 01 2 , t hu s
-

a n teda t i n g by a l o n g p e ri o d t he o t he r Ro s i c ru c i a n b o o s (p
-
k .

If t hi s i s a fa c t , w hi c h w e s e e n o r e a s o n t o do u b t , i t s e e m s t o us

v y er c u ri o u s i t wa n o t pu b li s he d b e fo r e , a n d i t i s p o s s i ble i t s
s

p u bli c a t i o n de p e n de d u p o n s o m e e e n t v
We a re bo u n d t o c o n .

s i de r o u r e i de n c e v a l t o g e t he r , a nd w e m u st ca ll a t t e n t io n ga i n
a

t o t he pi c i o u s hi n t gi e n i n t he
su s v “
C o n fe ssi o F ra t e r ni t a t is of

“
1 6 1 5 , w he re w e r e a d o f i m p o st o rs, On e of t he rea t e st be i n g a
g
S TA G E P LA E R, Y a ma n wi th su flicie n t i n ge n ui ty for i mp osi ti on . T

In t h e H a rl e i a n M SS .
,
fro m 6 4 8 1 t o 6 4 8 6 , a re se v e ra l Ro s i c ru c i a n w ri t

i n gs , so m e t ra n sl a t e d fro m t h e La t i n by on e P e t e r S m a rt , a n d o t he rs by a Dr
Ru dd, w h o a
ppe a rs t o ha v e be e n a p ro fo u n d a de pt .

I We
‘ '
ta k e the fo ll o w i n g fro m t h e C o n fe ss i o n of t he Ro si c ru c i a n

F ra t e rn i t y ,
"

pu bl i sh e d 1 6 1 5
“
F or c o n c l u s i o n o f o u r C o n fess i o n w e m u s t ea rn es t ly a dm o n i sh y o u , t ha t
 N O TE S O N R O S I CR U C Z A N L I T E R A T UR E . 2 99

S ha k e sp e a re , a s we k n ow b y t he l i s t o f a c t ors gi v en i n t he 1 6 2 3
F o li o , w a s a n a c t o r; hi s na me fig u ri n g
.
fi r st ou t of twen t y -
si x .

An d t ho u gh w e a re q uite a li v e t o t h e fa ct t ha t a t t hi s da t e

1 6 1 5 — Sha k e sp e a r e ha d r e t i r e d, so m e y e a rs ba c k ,
to St ra t fo r d,
a ll t he s e Ro si c ru c i a n ma n i fe st o e s se e m t o ha v e bee n e xi st i n g in
ma n u sc ri
pt so m e y e a rs b e fo re t he yw ere p u b li sh e d . T hi s i s no

in
g e n l ou s t he o r y o f o u rs , a s Mr Wa i t e s ’

p a
g e s w i ll t e s t i f y . Fo r
e x a m pl e , he wr i t e s :
“
T he o r i gi n a l e di t i o n of t he
‘
Un i v e r sa l
Re fo rm a t i o n
’
c o n ta i n s t h e m a n i fe s t o b e a ri n g t h e a bo v e t i tle

Fa m a Fra t e rn i t a t i s b u t w hi c h t he n ot a r yH a se l m e y e r de c la re s

t o ha v xi e e st e d i n m a n u sc ri p t a s e a rl y a s th y e ea r 1 6 1 0, a s w o u ld

a lso a
pp e a r fr o m a
p a ssa
g e i n t h e Ca ss e l e di t i o n of 1 61 4 , t he
e a rl i e st w hi c h Ihv a e be en a b l e t o t ra ce
”
(p 64 ,
.
“
Re a l Hi s t o r y
of t he It i s a re m a r k a bl e fa c t t ha t t he t hre e

p u b li c a t i o n s w hi c h m a de , a s i t w e r e , t he m yt s e ri o u s fra t e rn i t y
k n ow n t o t he w o rld, fo llo w t he da t e s 1 61 4 , 1 61 5 , 1 6 1 6— t ha t i s

t he t w o y e a rs
g pre c e di n a nd t he y ea r S ha k e s p e a re di e d . The
u pr o a r re su lt i n fr o m t h e se b li t i o n s a m o n s t t he l e a rn e d a n d
g p u c a g
v
e e n u n l e a rn e d o f Eu r o e , r e a c he s i t s c li m a
p i n 1 61 7 ,
w he n x
Ro b e r t Flu dd, t he a p o l o
g i st fo r t he o r de r , re pli e s t o t h e a t t a c s k
of Li b a v i u s . T hi s i s t he y
e a r fo l l o w i n g S h a
’
e sp e a r e s de a t h k .

In 1 6 23, t he da t e of t he p u b li c a t i o n of t he fi r st F o li o e di t i o n o f

t he pla y s, we re a d of a m e e t i n g i n P a ri s of t hi rt y -
si x Ro si oru
e i a u s, a n d t he u pr o a r r e c o m m e n c e s, a nd G a b ri e l Na u dé wr i t e s ,

li k e M e r se n n e a nd Ga ss e n di , to e xp o se t he p r e t e n si o n s o f t he

so c i e t y . Flu dd s
’ “
T ra c t a t u s A p o lo ge t i c i i n t e gri t a t e m s o c i e t a t i s
”
de Ro s e a C r u c e de fe n de n s L e i de n , 1 6 1 7 p r o e s t ha t t he e a r v y
k
fo llo w i n g Sha e sp e a r e s de a t h t he b a t t l e o f t he c ri t i c s w a s a t i t s
’

h e i ght I v
c a n n o t b e l i e e t hi s c o i n c i de n c e a c c i de n t a l
. No t hi n g .

i s he a r d of t he Ro si c ru c i a n s b e fo r e 1 61 4 , w he n t he i r m a n ife st o e s

y ou c a st a wa y if n ot a ll , y e t m o st o f t h e w o rt hl e s s b o o k s o f pse u do Chy m i st s ,
v
,

t o Whom i t i s a j e st t o a ppl y t h e M o s t H o l y T ri n i ty t o a i n t h i n gs , o r t o de
c ei v e m e n w i t h m o n st r o u s sy m b ol s a n t o p ro fi t b y t h e c u ri o si t y
d en i
gm a s, o r

of t he c re du l o u s o u r a g e do t h pr o du c e m a n y su c h , o n e of the gr ea te st be i n g a

ST A P LAYGE -
E R, a m a n w i th s ufi c i e n t i n ge n u i ty f or i m p os i t i o n (c h a pt e r xii , .

H i s t o ry of t h e Ro s i c ru c i a ns
30 0 N O T E S ON R O S I CR U C I A N L I TE R A T UR E .

a n d c o n fe ssi o n s a
pp ea r y e a rl yf or t hre e y ea r s , u p to Sha k e spea re s
’

dea t h, 1 6 1 6 . We he a r no m o re (di re c t l y) o f t he m t i ll 1 623 .

B a con di e s 1 6 2 6, a nd De Q y
ui n c e po i n t s ou t t ha t w i t h t he

Sum m u m B o n um ,
”
1 62 9 , th y v e a n i sh fro m li t e ra t ur e . T he
da t e s a re a s fo llo w s of t he t hre e gre a t m a f
n i e st o e s

Fa m a Fra t e rn i ta t i s, 1 61 4
i
.

”
C o n fe s si o F ra t e rn i t a t i s , 1 61 5 .

l C he m i c a l M a rr i a
g e of C R C. . .
,
1 61 6 .

No w i t i s w o rt h y of n ot e t ha t i n 1 61 4 B a con wa s fi ft y t hre e -

y e a rs o f a
ge , a n d i n hi s fift y fo urt h -
y ea r ; S ha k e sp e a re , fi ft y y ea rs

o ld, a n d i n hi s fi ft y firs t e a r
-
e ca y . B u se S ha k e s p e a re di e d i n 1 6 1 6
i n hi s fift y t hi rd -
y e a r, a n d t hu s 1 6 1 4 a nd 1 6 1 6 gi e a con a nd v B
k
S ha e sp ea re t he g sa me a e— fi ft y t hre e -
. W e m e n t i o n t hi s b e c a u se
e v y er so rt o f su
gg e st i o n i s v a l u a b le , se e n i g t he w o rd “
Ba c on
”
a n d
t he C hri st i a n na me Fra n ci s
”
( t he la t t e r t w e n t —
t w o t i m e s) y a re

t o be re o u n f d on pa g e s 5 3 of t he C o m e di e s, a nd 53 a n d 54 of t he

Hi s t o ri e s . S ha k e sp e a r e n e v er a t t a i n e d t he a
ge o f fi ft y fo u r
-
. Bu t
i n 1 6 1 4, a s a lr e a d y obse r v e d, t he fi rs t Ro si c ru c i a n pu b li ca tio n

a
pp ea rs — B b e i n g fift y t hre e , a n d i n hi s fi ft y fo u rt h e a r
a c on -
It -
y .

i s hi ghl y p ro b a bl e , i f t he Ro si c ru c i a n m st e r i s a t t he b o t t o m o f y y
t he pla y s a n d t he i r p u b li ca t i o n o f t he so c i e t
a u t ho rs hi p , t he fi rs t y
w o u ld c o n st i t u t e a n i n i t i a l st a rt i n g po i n t T hu s t he t hr e e grea t -
.

da t e s w o u l d b e 1 6 1 4 , 1 6 1 5 , 1 6 1 6 It i s c u ri o u s t o fi n d t he firs t .

m i spa gi n g i n t he F o li o u
po n p g a e 5 0, t hi s b e i n g S ha k es
pe a re s
’

a ge , 1 61 4 . A n d i n t he Hi st o ri e s w e fi n d B a con s
’
Chr i st i a n na m e,
“
F ra n ci s,
”
twen t y tw
-
o t im e s on
p g a es 5 3, 5 4 , w hi c h a re m i s pa g e d

( vi d y y) No w ta ki B ’
e en tl i n t e n t i o n a ll ,
5 5, 5 6 . n
g a c on s a
ge a s a

ba si s fo r da t e s, t he se 1 6 1 4 , 1 6 1 6, t he da t e of t he
a
ge s gi v e us

fi rst Ro si c ru c i a n p u bli c a t i o n a nd fa m e , a nd t he da t e of S ha k e

s e a r e s de a t h— 1 6 1 6
p
’
It i s . n o t e w o rt h y ,
t ho u gh p e rha
p s m e re l y
a sp e c u l a tion , t ha t Chri st i a n Ro s y C ro ss, t he fo u n de r of t he

soc et i y ,
di e s a t t he a
ge o f 1 06 It i s u po n pa g 1 06 eo f t he 1 6 4 0
“
Adv a n c em en t of L ea rn i n
g t ha t t he dra m a fi
i s rs t i n t ro du c e d,
a nd t hi s n u m ber is e x a ctl y t he do u bl e of fift y t hre e , -

B a con s a
’

g e

in 1 61 4, a nd Sha k e sp e a re s
’
— 1 6 1 6—w he n he di e d .
 N O TE S O N R O S I CR U CI A N L I T E R A T UR E .
30 1

k
It i s i n de e d s t ri i n g t o fi n d a lm o st a ll t he Ro si c ru c i a n li t e ra
t u r e a pp e a ri n g a t a n d a b o u t t he da t e S ha e sp e a re di e d— 1 6 1 6 k .

For exa m pl e
“
Ro sa Fl o r e sc e n s c o n t ra F G. . M e n a pn ca lu m n i a s, &c .
,
wa s

p u b li s he d a t Fra n kf o rt , 1 61 7
E cho de r v on G o t t ho c he rl e u c ht e t e n fra t e r n i t a t de s lo bli c he n
”
o rde n s R C . .
(Da n z i g ,

J u di c i u m The o l o gi c u m , o de r C hri st li c he s und Ku rz e s b e de n

ken v on de r fa m a und C o n fe ssi o n de r b rude rs c ha ft de s lobli c he n
o r de n s de r Ro se n k r e u z e rs
(Da vi d M a i e r ,

T u rri s B a b e l, si v e J u di c i o r de fra t e rn i t a t Ro sa c ea e Cru c i s

”
C ha o s, A rg e n t ,
1 61 9 (J o hn Va l A n dr e a s
) .

“
A n a ly si C o n fe ssi o n i s Fra t e rn i t a t i s D e Ro se a C ru c e ( nd
A .

L iba v i u s ,
“
Re i p u bli c ce Chri st i a no
p o l i t a n ae de s c ri pt o , A ge n t o r .
,
1 61 9

(An dr e as ,
J .

“
Si l e n t i u m p o st c l a m o re s, h e Tra c t a t u s A p o lo g e t i c u s, qu o . .

ca u sae n o n so l u m Cla moru m (s e u Re v e la t i o n u m ) Fra t e rn i t a t i s

G e rm a n i c ae de R C . .
,
se d e t Si l e n t i i t ra du n t u r et de m o n st ra n tu r

(M i c ha e li M a i e r o ,
Fra n co f , 1 61 7
It i s w e ll w o r t h y re fl e c t i o n t he Ro si c ru c i a n ma n ife st o e s of

1 61 5 , w e r e pu bli she d a t F ra n k ort,f where F lu dd wa s p u bli shi n g

hi s works G a br i e l Na é w ri t e s “ ’
. ud : La n 1 61 5 J ea n Bri n g e rn
i m p ri m a a Fra n c o rt f um li u r e en All e m a n d c on ten a n t de u x
o p u sc u l e s , i n t i t ul e e s M a f
n i e st e et C o n fe ssi o n de fo y de s Fr e r e s
de la R . C . le s q u e ls p o u r e st r e l e s de u x
pr e m u re s qu i o n t
a n n on e é le s n ou v e ll e s de c e t t e c o n gre ga t i o n , n ou s a p pr e n n e n t
qu e l e p r e m i e r fo n da t e n d i c e ll e fu t i n A lle m a
’
n d, le q u e l e sta n t

n él a n
’ “
& c ( n st ru c t i o n a la F ra n c e
. I su r la v e rl t é de
l hi st o i re de s Fr e r e s de la
’
Ro z e —
C ro i x , A n o t he r p o i n t
i s t ha t t he Ro si c ru c i a n s u se d t he e xp r e ssi o n In sta u ra ti o n fo r t he i r

p r o m i se d r e fo rm a ti on o f a rt s a nd sc i e n c e s . G a b ri e l Na u dé i n

A sl i gh t s t u dy o f t h e Kl o s s C a t a l o g u e o f Ro s i c ru c i a n w o rk s w ill c o n i n c e v
t he s t u de n t o f t h e e n o r m o u s qu a n t i t y o f R C w o rk s w hi c h a p p e a re d i n 1 6 1 7 . .
,

t he ye a r fo ll o w i n g Sh a k e s pe a
’
re s de a t h .
 30 2 N O TE S O N R OS I C R U C IA N L I TE R A T UR E .

t he w o r k j u st q u o te d fro m , e n t i t le s one of hi s c hapt e rs

“
Re
a la p ri n c i pa ls ra i s o n de l i ns ta n ra ti on p ro m i s e , &c
’
s po u se .

P o s t e l, w ho v
e i de n t l y
w a s a p re c u rs o r o f t he so c i e t y ,
w ro t e

De u lt im a na t i v i ta t e m e di a t o ri s : De i ns ta u ra ti on e re ru m

p e r m a g n u s H e li ae p ro phe t ae ,
*
om n i u m &c . T he re a de r wi ll
se e ho w su sp i c i o u s i t i s t o fi n d a con B j oin in g ha n ds w i t h t he

Ro si c ru c ia ns i n t hi s t i t le In sta u ra tio n . B a con wri t e s :

“
T hi s
one w a y t he re fo re re m a i n e t h, t ha t t he w ho le b u si n e ss b e a t

t e m pt e d a n ew, wi t h b e t t e r p re
pa ra t io n s or de fe n c e s a
g i n sta

e rro r ; a n d t ha t t he re b e a u ni v e rsa l I n sta u ra ti o n or recon stru e

a nd sci en ces, a nd ll hu ma
ti on o f the a rts o
f a n lea rn i n g u
p on a
’1
du e ba si s . Tha t i s t he m ea n in
g of t he w o rd I n sta u ra ti o : i t
wa s u se d by t he Ro m a ns fo r t he re
pe t it i o n of a n y t hi n
g ,
a nd

g e n e ra y
ll wi t h a sp e c i a l vi e w to c o rre c t n e ss or c o m ple t e n e s s

of p e r fo rm a n c e , a s fo r i n s ta n ce , of
g m es
a or sa cri fices ,
of w hi c h

t he fi rs t p e rf o rm a n c e ha d b e e n u n sa t i sfa c tor y .
“
It i s p r o p e rl y
3. bu i ldi n g up , a n d i s ne a rly the sa me thi n g wi th a restora ti o n
”
(Cra i s
’
k
“
B a con ,
”
p ii . .

T he c o n n e ct io n b e t w e e n t he w o r k s of Ro g e r B a con a n d t he
i s m o st a nd
Ro si c ru c i a ns a ppa re n t ,
po i n t s t o E n gla n d a s t he
o ri
gi n of t he So c i e t y . Na u dé sa y s
“
Et c e rta i n A n o n m e y
qu i a m is en
’
lu m i e re l e pi s t re de Ro ge r a c o n De p otesta te a rti s B
e t na turce , p s se b i e n
a

p l u s o u t re e t s e do n n e c a rri e re e n s e s

i m a g i n a t i o n s : c a r e n la P re fa c e a u L e c t e u r i l di t qu e c e tt e
re n o v a tion et i n st a ur a tion fu t u re se fe ra pri n c i pa le m e n t re
ma r qu er en t ro i s p o i n c t s l e p re m i e r e n
:
’
l u n i ti e de Reli gion f

pa r la con v e rsi o n de s I
J u ifs, do la t re s e t sm a e li t e s I : le se c o n d

Fl u dd wri t e s : U n de si t (u t m i hi vid t e ur ) qu o d F ra t res re n o v a t io n e m

e t re s t a u ra t i o n e m m u n di E t hi ca m s eu m o ra l e m , h o c e st m o ru m , sci e n t i a ru m
ct a r ti u m i ns ta u ra t i o ne m , c o rre c t i o n e m et e xa l ta t i o n e m , et ho m i n u m in
o b s c u ri ta te et vi t
de g e n t i u m lib e rta t e ln e t i llu m i n a t i o n e m , e t pe r
t e n e b ri s a s

s p i c u a m v e ri ta t i s o li m ta b c s c e n t e s l u m e n e t s pl e n do re m , c u m fa l s i ta ta s de t t i

m e n t o , e xi li o , a c ru n i a , e t re pe t i t i o n e m a t qu e m u t u o qu a s i n i u re n o v a t i o n e m x
a e ta t i s a u re ae , n o n i n e pt e prae sa g i v e ri n t : di c e n t e s i n u u o c o n fe ss i o n is l oc o :
”
Q ua d, M u nd u s de bea t r en o va r i , & c T ra c t p 81
. . .

N o t e Ba c o n wr o te a n Essa y u po n U n i t y i n Re li gi o n .
 N O TE S ON R O S I C R U CI A N L I TE R A T UR E .
30 3

de bi e n s
’
en l a bo n da nce et ri c he s se de t o u t e s so rt e s : et le
de rn i e r fe ra l
r e u i re le s v e rt u s, e sc la t e r le s sc i e n c e s et o bl i g e ra

u m c ha c u n a vi v re c om m e e u st fa i c t n o t re
pr e m i e r p e r e s il
’

fu t de m e u r é e n l
’
e st a t de la j u st i c e o r i gi n e ll e : la u e ll e di s q
t ri bu t i o n i l c o n fi rm e de p a ssa ge de la sa i n e t e
pa r une in fi n ite

E sc ri t u re , l e t o u t p o u r p i lo t e r e t e st a blir l e p re m i e r p ri n c i p e e t
”
fo n de m e n t de c e t t e c o n gre ga t i o n de la Ro z e C ro i x (pp 4 3, 4 4 , -
.

‘
I n st r . S u r l e s F r ere s de la Ro z e —
Cr o i x ,
”

It i s m o st re m a r k a bl e t ha t w e a lwa y s he a r of t he Ro si c ru c i a ns

a nd t he i r fo u n der i n c o n n e c t i on w i t h Ro ge r B a c on . For B u rt o n

w r i t e s i n hi s “
An a t om y of M e la n c ho l y p ,
”
. 72 (De m o c ri t u s to

t he Re a de r ) :
“
Tha t o m n i sc i o u s, on ly w i se fra t e rn i t y of t he

Ro si e Cro ss t he i r T he o phra st i a n m a s t e r, who m t ho u gh

Li b a v i u s a nd ma n yd e r ide a n d c a rp a t , ye t so m e w i ll ha v e to be

f o o t n o t e — Om n i u m
t he Ren ewer o a ll a rts a n d sci en ces
(
F a rti u m e t

sci e n tia ru m i n sta u ra tor) , re fo rm e r o f

li i n g ; t he w o rld, a nd n ow v
fo r s o J o ha n n e s M o n t a n u s S t ri go n i e n s i s (t ha t gre a t pa t r o n o f
Pa ra c e lsu s) c o n t e n ds a n d c e rt a i n l a v e r s, a m ost di vi n e ma n y
— Di vi n u s i lle vi r a u c tor n o ta ra m i n e
(F o o t n o t e p Rog B a co n, ed . . .

Ha m bu rg, a n d t he q
u i n t e ss e n c e o f w i s do m , w he re s o e e r he v
”
is . de r p e rc e i v e s t ha t t hi s su pp o se d fo u n de r o f t he
T he re a

y
fra t e rn i t i s t he a u t ho r o f n o t e s u p o n Ro g e r a c o n ! L e t i t b e B
he r e r e m a r e d F ra n c i s k
a c o n i s su
pp o s e d t o ha e b o rr o w B
e d hi s v
do c t ri n e f Id fi Ro g e r B ’
o o ls fr o m t he fo u r fo ld c la -
s si ca tion of a con s

O ffe n di c u la ,
q u ae o m n em qu e m c u n qu e sa p i e n t e m i m p e di u n t
”

(O pu s M a gu s ,
fi r st
p a r t ,
a nd O p u s T e rt i u m , ca p . In t he
Ne w A t la n t i s m a y be r e fo u n d a n u m b er o f ma r v e l s, w hi c h a re

b o rro w e d fro m t hi s B k oo of Ro ge r B a con , m e n t i o n e d by Na u dé

e t Na tu rce
“ ” “
i . e .
,
De p otesta te a rti s e t n a ta rre , a n d De secreti s a rti s ,

vi z .
,
k v
t o m a e c ha ri o t s m o e w i t ho u t a n i m a ls di vi n g b o a t s, , flyi n
g,
t e l e sc o p e s, m a gn i f i n g gla y sse s, &c .
*
The i n v e n tion of Sp e c t a c l e s,

Th e w ho l e of Ba c on s
’

p ro ph e c i e s i n h i s Ne w At la n t i s r e ga rdi n
g the
ma rc h of sc i e n c e a re b e i n g re a l i s e d Wi ll t h e w o rld n o t
. re c o gn i se t ha t
”
“
L ooki n g F or wa r d b e l o n gs t o B a c on a n d n ot to on l y m o de rn w ri t e rs , l i k e
B e ll a m y a n d T hu i se n 7
30 4 J VO TE S O N R O S I C R UC IA N L I T E R A T UR E .

li k e t ha t o f t he M i c ro sc o p e a nd T e le sc o p e , ha s bee n a s c ri b e d to

Ro g e r B a co n .
(C o m pa re
“
No v u m O rga n u m ,
”
B k II
oo . xxx i x .
)
In t he “
T e m p o ri s Pa rt u s M a sc u lu s , B a con w r i t e s pra i si n gl y of

hi s grea t n a m e sa e , S i qu i de m k “
u t i le ge n u s c o ru m qu i dc
e st,

t he o rii s n o n a dm o du m so l li c i t i , m e c ha n ic a
qu a da m s u b t i li ta t e
”
re ru m i n v e n ta p ru m e x t e n s o n e s i r e he n du n t , qua ti s est Ba con .

v
An o t he r c o n i n c i n g p ro o f t ha t t he o ri g i n o f t he Ro si c ru c i a n s
re a ll y
w a s con n ec ted wi th E n gla nd, a n d w a s t ra n sm i t t e d a b ro a d, i s

t he fa c t t ha t i t n e v er too k a n
y h o l d i n t he c o u n t r i e s w he r e i t

m a de m o s t n o i se , bu t t o o k la st i n g ro o t o n ly i n E n gla n d De .

Q u in ce y w ri t e s :
“
In F ra n ce it ne v er ha d e v en a m o m e n ta r y
su c c e ss . A ga i n z
'

“
Ro si c ru c i a n i sm re c e i v ed a s ho c k fro m t he

wri t i n gs o f i t s a c c i de n t a l fa t he r, A n dre a a n d o t he rs , s u c h a s in
G e rm a n y it ne v v e re d
A n d he n c e i t ha s ha pp e n e d t ha t ,
e r re c o .

v
w ha t e e r n u m be rs t he re m a y ha e b e e n o f i n di vi du a l m s t i c s v y
v
c a lli n g t he m s e l e s Ro si c ru c i a n s, n o c o ll e c t i e b od o f Ro s i c ru c i a n s v y
j
a c t i n g i n c o n u n c t i o n w a s e e r m a t u re d o r a c t u a ll e sta bli s he d v y
i n G e rm a n y In E n gla n d the ca se wa s othe rwise ; for the re,
. a s 1
”
s ha ll show, the orde r s ti ll su bsi sts u n de r a difieren t n a me D
( e
Q u in ce y ,

T he s t ri ki
p o i n t t ha t A n dre a s di s c la i m e d t he s o c i e t
ng i n t he y
“
w o rds, P la n i ssi me n i hi l c um ha c F ra te rn i ta te (s e , Ros Cr u ci s ) .

c o mm u n e ha beo (
d i e Ag)
le th
iisa t o b e l
p a ced, or T ru t h sp e a ki n ,

a l o n g si de w i t h t he fa c t t ha t t he c u dg e ls o f t he s o c i e t a r e ta en y .
k
u p b y Ro b e rt F lu dd, a n E n glishma n , w ho m a y b e re ga r de d a s t he i r

c ha m pi o n . It i s a l so n o t e w o rt h y th all t he g re a t w ri t e rs u p o n
t a

t hi s j
su b e c t a re E n gli shm e n , v iz .
,
Tho m a s Va u gha n , J o hn He do n y .

M i c ha e l M a i e r , t he m o st i m po r t a nt o f t he fo re i g n w ri t e rs , ha vi n
g
vi d En gla n d i n 1 6 1 6 a n d sta i n g w i t h Fl u dd, w ho p u bl i s he s
si t e y
fi rs t 1 6 1 6 The grea t fa c t t he s o c i e t w a s a n t i pa pa l a n d i n
. y
s e c re t ha r m o n wi t h t he w o r y
o f t he Re fo rm a t i o n , p o i n t s t o k
En gla n d or G erm a n y a s t he c o u n t ri e s m o s t li k ly t pe o ro du c e su c h

a so c i e t y . If t he rea de r w i ll on l y w e igh th vi d
e e en ce, t ha t in
1 6 1 4 , 1 6 1 5 t he se pa m p hle t s a re
p u b li s he d i n G e rm a n y ,
t ha t i n

1 6 1 6 F lu dd i s p e rfe c t m a st e r of t he i r s e c re t s , a n d w ri t e s E r
 N O TE S O N R O S I CR UCIA N L I TE R A T UR E .
30 5

Ca thedra , he w i ll, c o n si de ri n g ho w c u t o ff b y t he se a En gla n d wa s

fr o m t he C o n t i n e n t (a n d taki g i n n to c o n si de r a t i o n t he na t u re of

c o m m u ni c a t i o n i n t ho se d y )
a s ,
se e t ha t e v er yt hi n
g p o i n t s t o t hi s
c ou n tr y .

A v y er c on vin cin
g ,
or a t l e a st st r o n
g p r e su m p t i e pi e c e o fv
e v i de n c e
p o i n t i n g t o En gla n d a s t he q
he a d u a r t e r s o f t he Ro si
c ru c i a n s a n d t he i r fo u n t a i n h e a d, i s
ffo rde d b y t he fa c t t ha t a

Rob e rt Flu dd, t he gr e a t En gl i sh Ro si c ru c i a n , t o o u p t he c u dg e ls k

fo r t he so c i e t a
g y
a i n st t he a t t a c s o f t he fo r e i n e rs, G a sse n di
g k
a nd M e r se n n e . De Q uin ce yw r ite s : F lu dd i t wa s, or whosoever wa s
’
the a u thor o
f the Su m m u m B on u m , 1 6 2 9 , tha t m u st be con si dered a s

the i m me di a te f a the r o f F reema son ry, a s A n dren wa s i ts remo te fa ther .

W ha t wa s t he pa rt i c u la r o c c a si o n of hi s own fi rs t a c q ua in ta n ce

w ith Ro si c ru c i a n i sm i s n ot r e c o rde d : a ll t h e b o o k s of A lc he m y
o r o t h e r o c c u lt k n ow ed l ge , pu bli she d i n G e rm a n , w e re a t t ha t y
t i m e i m m e di a t e ly ca v
rr i e d o e r t o En l a n d— p r o v i de d t he
g w e re y
w ri t t e n i n L a t i n a n d, i f w ri t t e n i n G e rm a n, w e re so o n t ra n sl a ted

fo r t he b e n e t fi of En gli sh s t u de n t s . H e m a y t he re fo re ha v e

g ai n e d hi s
g k
n o w l e d e i m m e di a t e l y fr o m t he t hre e Ro si c ru c i a n
bo o s k .Bu t i t i s m o re p ro ba b l e t ha t h e a c u i re d hi s n o w le dge q k
o n t hi s he a d fr o m hi s fri e n d M a i e r ( m e n t i o n e d i n t he p r e c e di n g

c ha p t e r ) , w ho w a s i n t i m a t e w i t h Flu dd du ri n g hi s s t a i n En g y
la nd (p
”
4 0 6 ,
. n u ir , TI q y
h
”
e pr o fo u n d s t u de n t w i ll

n o t i c e h o w c u ri o u s i t i s t o fi n d t ha t i t i s E n li sh Ro si c ru c i a n i sm
g
v
t ha t gi e s bi rt h t o M a so n r De u in c e s su
gg y
e s t i o n , F lu dd
. Q y ’

ga i n e d hi s k n ow le dge fro m M a i e r, i s a m e re ha p ha z a r d st a t e m e n t ,
a n d of n o v a lu e . y
O n t he c o n t ra r , w ha t li t t le w e c a n ga t he r

p o i n ts t he o pp o si t e w a y , fo r i t i s q u i te i m p o s sib le Flu dd c o u ld

ha v e g t he r e d fro m
a Ma i er (
w ho w a s i n E n gla n d, 1 6 1 7 t he i n fo r
m a t i o n w hi c h l e d t o su c h w or k s a s q
U t ri u s u e Co sm i , m a o ri s e t j
m i n o ri s T e c hn i c a H i st o r i a ,
”
p u b li she d 1 6 1 7 i n t w o o l u m e s ; v
Tra c t a t u s o l o e t i c u s— i n t e gri t a t e m S o c i e t a t i s de Ro s e a C ru c e
a p g
”
de fe n de n s (A u t ho r s Ro b e rt o De Flu c t i bu s, A n glo , M D L . . .

L u g d Ba t . . F lu dd w r o t e k
t w o w o r s i n re p l t o Fa t he r y
M e r se n n e a nd G a ss e n di .
 30 6 N O TE S O N R O S I C R U C IA N L I T E R A T UR E .

T ha t Ro b e r t F lu dd s philo so p h di d no t
’
y co m e fro m a br oa d bu t
ra the r wen t a broa d, w e a re a b o u t t o p ro v e . It i s , i n de e d, a

si n hi s works were p u bli she d i n En gla nd,

gu la r t hi n g tha t n on e of
a n d t hi s s a lo n ds s ho wi n
g o e
g w a
y t o w a r g t ha t t he s o u r c e a n d
fo u n t a i n hea d o f t he fra t e rn i t wa s i n this cou n try If t he rea de r y .

w i ll a t te n t i e l v y s tu d y t he fo llo w i n g e xt ra c t fro m Di s ra e li
’
s
“
Am e n ities of Li t e ra t u re ,
”
he w i ll a t once p e rc e i v e Fl u dd
wa s rece i vi n g le tters , p ra i se , mon ey fro m the Con ti n en t, a nd he
“ ”
hi m se lf l e t s t he c a t o u t o f t he ba
g w he n he de c la re s
(di s

gu s t e d w i t h t he i n di ffe re n c e o f hi s o w n c ou n tr ym en to hi s
“
rop het i n hi s own
p )
s e c u la t i o n s , n o m a n i s a p cou n try .

“ ’
I t e ll t hi s t o m y c o u n t ry m e n s sha m e , e x c la im s Flu dd,
‘ ’

w ho , i n s t e a d o f e n c o u ra gi n g m e i n m y la b o u rs, a s by le tte rs
‘

f ro m P olo ni a , S u e vi a ,
P russi a , Ger m a n y,
Tra n sylva n i a , F ra n ce ,
a n d I ta ly, I ha ve ha d, do pur su e me w ith m a li c e , w hi c h

w he n a l ea rn e d G e rm a n hea rd o f, it re m i n de d hi m of t he

h f C hri st , t ha t ma is p rop he t i n hi s
‘
e e c o no n a own cou n
s
p
try .
’
\Vi t ho u t a n
y b ra
ggi n
g of my k n o w le d e ,
g b e i t spo e n , k
I sp e a k t hi s fe e li n gl y
bu t a gu i l t l e ss c o n s c i e n c e bi ds m e b e
’

pa t i e n t .

“
The w ri t i n gs of Flu dd a re a ll c o m po s e d i n La t i n ; i t i s
re m a r a k ble t ha t t he w o r k s of a n E n gli sh a u t ho r, r e sidi n
g in
En gla n d, s ho u ld b e prin t e d a t F ra n kfo rt , O pp e n he i m , a n d G o u da .

T hi s si n
gu l a ri t y i s a c c o u n t e d fo r b y t he a u t ho r hi m s e lf Flu dd, .

in o n e r e sp e c t , r e s e m bl e d De e he c o u ld fin d E n gli sh p ri n t e rs
no

w ho w o u ld v e n t u re on t he i r pu bli c a t i o n . Wh e n F o s t e r i n s i n u
a t e d t ha t hi s c ha ra c t e r a s a m a gi c i a n wa s so n o t o ri o u s , t ha t

he da re d n ot pri n t a t ho m e , F lu dd t e lls hi s c u ri o u s st o r y :
‘
I
se n t my wr i t i n gs be y on d t he s ea s, be ca u se our ho m e b o rn -

p ri n t e r s de m a n de d o f m e fi v e hu n dre d p o u n ds t o p ri n t t he fi rs t
v o lu m e , a n d t o fi n d t he c u ts in c o pp e r ; bu t b e y on d t he s ea s it
wa s p i r nte d a t no c o st of m i n e, a nd a s I c o u ld wi s h ; a n d I ha d
s ixteen cop i es sen t me over, wi th forty p oun ds i n go ld, a s a n u n ea p e cte d

gra tu i ty for it .
’
It i s e vid en t t ha t , t hro u gho u t Eu ro pe , t he y
w e re in fi n ite l ym o re in q u i si t i v e i n t he i r o c c u lt spe c u la t i o n s t ha n
 N O TE S O N R O S I CR U CI A N L I TE R A T UR E .
30 7

“
we i n E n gla n d ( p 6 4 8 ,
. Am e n i t i e s of L i t e ra t u r e , T he Ro sa
D Isra e li )
’
c ru c i a n Flu dd . .

Is i t li k ly e F lu dd w o u ld b e re c e i vi n
g m o ne y ,
l e t t e rs, p ra i se
fro m a bro a d, a nd g e t t i n g hi s w o r s pa i d fo r o n k t he C o n t i n e n t ,
i f t he so u r c e , o ri i n , a n d he a d u a rt e r s o f t he s o c i e t
g q yw ere o n t he
o t he r si de of t he c ha n n e l ? It w o u l d b e li k e
“
se n di n g c oa ls
to Ne w c a st leA pla gi a rist w o u ld n e e r la y c la i m ,
. v a s he do e s,
t o t he t i t le o f p ro ph e t ! Why do e s Flu dd re c e i v e a ll t he s e
l e t t e rs fro m a bro a d ? Ha e w e n o t a t o n c e a n v e x pl a na tio n

of t he c o n n e ct ion of G e rm a n y wi t h t h e o ri gi n of t he so c i e t y
in t he fa c t F lu dd p u b l i sh e d a t F ra n kf o rt , O ppe n h e i m , a nd

G o u da , a n d n ot i n E n gla n d ?
B a con w ri t e s :
“
F o r t he re a re , a s we see, ma n y o r de rs a n d

so c i e t i e s , w hi c h, t ho u gh t he yb e di v i de d u n de r s e v e ra l so v e re ig n

ties a n d sp a c i o u s t e rri t o ri e s, y e t t he yd o c o n t ra c t a nd m a i n ta in

a y
so c i e t a nd a ki n d of F ra tern i ty on e wi t h a n o t he r, in so m u ch

th t th y
a e ha v e t he i r P rovi n ci a ls a nd Gen era ls, t o w ho m a ll t he
t yi ld
re s e o b e di e n c e . An d su r e l y a s na t ure c r ea t e s B rotherho ods

i n Fa m i li es ; a n d a rt s m e c ha n ica l c o nt ra c t B ro therhoods i n c om

m u n a li t i e s ; t he i
a n o n tm en t of God su
pe r
-
i n du c e t h a brother
hood i n ki n g a nd bi shop s v ows a n d c a n on ica l ru l e s u n it e

a brotherhood i n Orders in li k e ma n n er t he r e ca n n ot bu t
i n t er v en e a Noble a nd gen erou s F ra te rn i ty between men by L ea rn
i ng a nd Illu mi na ti on s ; fl
re e c t i n
g u p o n t ha t r e l a t i o n w hi c h i s

a t t ri bu t e d t o G o d, w ho hi m s e lf i s ca ll e d The F a the r o f I llu mi na

ti on s or L i ghts (Li b . II .
pp 7 4 , 7 5 ,
.
“
Ad v a n c em en t of L ea rn i n g,
”

1 6 4 0)
T hi s i s a n e x c e ssi v ly e c u ri o u s a n d su sp i c i ou s pa ssa
ge T he .

i t a li c s a nd ca p i t a ls a re n ot o u r s, bu t a s i n t he o ri gi n a l t e x t .

T he Ro si c ru c i a ns ca l l e d t he m s e l v es B rothers (F )
ra tres , a nd a ll
t he i r a ddre sse s, a s w e ll a s t he w ri t i n gs of Flu dd, a re fu ll of

t hi s t e rm . Fo r e x a m ple , a t t he en d of Flu dd s
’ “
T ra c t a t u s
“
A po lo ge t i c i of 1 61 5 (p . we se e t hi s t i t le , Epi lo ga s
”
A u t ho r i s a d F ra tres de Hosea Cru ce . Bu t w ha t i s fa r m o re i m

p o r t a nt, t he y c ou pl e d t o t hi s t i t l e of B rotherhood t he de sc ri pt i o n ,
30 8 N O TE S O N R O S I C R UCIA N L I T E R A T UR E .

Illu mi na te (o r I llum in a t e s ), by w hi c h t he yhv v a e e e r si n c e be e n

k n own . Thi s t i t le t he y d iv er ed fr o m t he i r de e p r e s ea rc he s in to
t he na t ure of Li ght, w hi c h i s one of t he i r p ri n c i pa l do c t ri n e s .

M o she i m t e lls us t ha t t he Rosi cr uci a n s de ri v ed t he i r na m e fro m

“
t he t hr e e l e t t e rs Lu x (Li ght ) . L u x i s t he m e n st ru u m of

t he d dra go n
re c o rp o r ea l l i ght ) Flu dd de du c e s e e r
”
v y
t hi n g fro m l i ght, a n d c o m pa re s i t (i f he do e s n o t e e n i de n t i f v y
i t ) w i t h Sp i ri t : “ L u c e m a c t i o n u m o m n i u m ca u sa m e ss e , u t e t
s
pi ri t u m hu m i du m pa ssi o n i s, su bj e c t u m ex p rae c e de n t i bu s sa tis
”
de c la ra t u m e st (p 1 5 5 , T ra c t . .

“
A ga i n : In ho m i n i bu s e st lu c i du s ra tion is di s c u rsu s . In
c aet e ri s a n im a li bu s e st i gn i s o c c u lt u s , a c ti o n e s vit ae , et se n su s

ma n ife s t s
gu b e rn a n s . In ve
ge t a bili bu s e st a n i m a q u ae da m lu c i da ,

c i r c a . c o ru m c e n t ra de li t e sc e n s, g ve e ta t i o n em , et m u l ti pli ca t i o n e m

c a u sa n s i n i n fin i t u m . In m i n e ra li bu s e t i a m e st spl e n do ri s s c i n t i lla

v ersu s p e rfe c t i o n i s m e t a m i lla p r o m o v en s . At q ue i ta

qu ze li be t
t u ra a ction e s et ro ri e t tes su a s a la ce r e c i i t , u n de
pa t e t
c re a
p p a p
q u o d o m n ia Na t u res a rc a n a ,
a b hu j u s c re a t u rze p ro p ri e t a t e de
r vai ta fu eri n t , e t o ri gi n e m su ae v i rt u t i s s u m p se ri n t , e t q u o d n i hil

i n ho c m u n do pe ra c t u m fu e ri t , si n e lu c i s m e di a t i o n e a ut a ctu

di vi n o
”
(p 1 5 7 ,
“
T ra c t a t u s
. 1 61 7 Tho s e a c q ua in ted
wi t h B a c on s
’
w ri t i n gs w i ll re c o gn i s e t he p a ra lle ls e n dle ss ly sp re a d
t hr o u gho u t hi s w o r k s . I n de e d, hi s “
No vu m O rga nu m is c on

st a nt l
y a llu de d t o i n t he se n s e o f Li g ht f B a con w ri t e s :
“
An d
Fl u dd w ri t e s Pro ph e ta s a u tem i ll o s m u s , qu i S pi ri t u S a n o t o
v oca

v
pe rm i ss i o n s di i n a i llu m i n a ti su n t a t qu e huj u s m o di e t i a m e ra n t Pa tri a rc lu e ,
et A po s t o li , e t o m n e s , qu i bu s De u s e ffu di t , S pi ri t u m su u m (Ch . v ii

II
.
,

“
T ra c ta t u s A po l o g e t i c i , Pa rs , p . . .

I T h e e n o rm o u s w e i gh t t h e Ro si c ru c i a n s p la ced u po n L i ght a s a fi rs t p ri n
““

c i pl e i n c rea t i o n m a y b e s e e n b y Flu dd s w o rds

’
n i h i l i n her m u n d o p c ra c t u n z

f ue ri t , si n e lu c i s rn c di a ti on e a u t a c tu
-
di vi n e , a lre a dy qu o t e d by M r W a i t e
v
.

S yl N a t u ra l H i s t o ry (t i t l e pa ge
’

T he m o t t o u p o n B a c o n s a Sy l v a ru m or -

g v
e n ra i n g ) , pl a c e d u n de rn ea t h a fi e ry se m i c i rc l e o f c rea
-
ti v e L i gh t , i s
De u s l u c c m qu od es se t bon a
Et vid i t .

F
lu dd E x h i s i gi t ur c o ll i g e n du m e st , qu o d De u s di li g e n t e r o b se rv a v e ri t
e ffi i e s ,
g fi gu re s , l i n e a s , e t c h a ra c t e re s c uj u s li b e t su i o e ris ,
p qu o n i a m po s t
c u j u s l i b e t c o ru m c re a t i o n e m c o m m e n da r e s o le ba t p e rfe c ti o n e m ej u s G e n e s
”
. I .

E l vid i t D e u s la ce m qu orl esse t bon a , & c Tra c t a t u s c h i v pa rs i ,

. . . . .

1 61 7 )
 N O T E S O N R O S I CR UCI A N L I T E R A T UR E .
30 9

m en ou
ght t o s u bm i t t he i r con tem
p la t i on s a w hile , a n d to in qu ire

w ha t i s ll L u ci d B odi es a s of t he F or m For
c om m o n to a
f
o Li ght .

w ha t a n i m m e n se diffe re n c e of bo d yi s t he re b e t wi x t t he su n a n d

ro t t e n w o o d, or t he pu t ri d sc a le s of fi sh ? T he y shou l d li k e wi se

ma k e in qiy u r w ha t s ho u l d b e t he c a u se w hy so m e t hi n gs t a k e

fir e , a n d on ce t ho ro u ghl yh ea ted c a st fo rt h a l i ght ; o t hers n o t ?

I ro n , m e t a l, gla ss, w o o d,
ston es, o il , &c .
”
(B k ooIV , p 2 1 5 , . .

“
Ad v a n c e m e n t o f L e a rn i n ,
g
”
C o m pa re Flu dd : S i m i li t e r
i gn e m ex li g u i s et la pidi bu s e x pr e ssu m di c u n t , u e m n a rra n t p e r q
m ul t o s a n n os vi t ro i n c lu su m , e t i a m i n m a ri s v e l pu t e i p ro fu n di t a t e
a rc i sse
(p . 1 5 8, Tra c ta t u s
If s
p a c e p e rm i tt e d I
c o u l d a ddu c e e n dl e s s
p a ra ll e l s be t w e e n

B a c on a n d Flu dd o n t hi s
po i n t a c o n s t he o r i s t ha t t he r e . B ’
y
exi st s a n i n vi si ble i n tern a l li ght p ro du c i n g n o fl a me .
“
How c om e s

it to p a ss O w ls a n d Ca t s a n d m a n o t he r y c re a t u re s se e i n t he
ni h
g t ? Na y ,
ma n yh v a e u n de rst o o d so li tt l e on t hi s p o i n t , a s

yhv
ma n a e t ho u ght the sp a rks from a fli n t t o be a t t ri t e d a ir
”

(B k IV oo
“
D e A u gm e n t i s
.
,

L i ght (w i t h a c on
) di d n ot B e xi s t b e fo r e da rkn ess, b u t w a s

e x t ra c t e d o r e v o l e d ou t of i t v .
“
Whe r e a s Hol y w it r se t s do w n

pl a i nl y
the ma ss of Hea ven a n d E a rth to be a da rk cha os before the
crea ti on of Li ht
g
“
(p 2 1 5 , Ad a n c e m e n t ,
”
No w c o m pa re
. v
F lu dd, w hi c h I ta k e fo r t he re a
’
de r s i m pa rt i a l j ud
gm e n t fro m

M r ‘Va i t e
’
s i n t e rpre t a t i o n .

T he t hi rd pa rt i s e n t i t l e d D e Na t ur ae Arc a n i s, a n d t re a t s o f ’

y
t he m st e ri e s o f Li ght , & c , de e lo p i n g i n a sm a ll spa c e a c u r i o u s
. v
a nd
p ro fo u n d p hilo so p h y
It de sc ri b e s G o d a s t he en s en ti u m ,
.

y
l fo rm , i n v i o la bl e , pu re l i gn e o u s, w i t ho u t a n y i n t e rm i t u r e
e t e rn a x
o f m a t e ri a l, u n ma n ifested be ore the crea ti on of the u n i verse, a c c o rdi n
f g
t o t he m a x i m o f M e rc u ri u s T ri sm e gi st u s, M on a s gen era i mon a dem ,
ct in seip su m re flecti t a rdorem su wm .
’
Ea rt h i s de fi n ed t o be a

gr o ss w a t e r, w a t e r a gro ss a i r, a i r a gro ss fi re , fire a gro ss e t he r,

w hi l e t he e t he r i t se lf i s t he gro sse r p a r t o f t he e m p re a n , w hi c h y
i s di st i n gu i she d fro m t he e t he re a l r e a l m , a n d i s de sc ri b e d a s a
w a ter of e xt re m e t enui t y ,
c o n st i t u t e d o f t hre e pa rt s o f lu m i n o u s
31 0 N O TE S O N R O S I C R UCIA N L I T E R A T UR E .

su b sta nce to one a q u eou s pa rt ; i t i s t he p ru e st

'

e ss e n c e o f a ll su b

s ta n c e s , a nd is ide n ti ca l wi th the lu m i n ife rous e ther f

o the la te s t
sci en ti c fi
hyp othesis It s p la c e i s t he m edi u m m u n di , w he r e in i s t he
.

sp hce ra a zgua li ta tis, i n w hi c h t he su n

p e r fo rm s i t s r e o lu t i o n Th e v .

s u n i t se l f i s c o m o s e d o f e u a l
p p a r t g q
s o f l i ht a n d w a t e r L i ght .

i s t he c a u s e o f a ll e n e rgi e s—n i hi l i n hoc m u n do p era ctu m fu e ri t, si n e

lu ci s m edi a ti on e a ut a c tu di vi ne .
‘
It i s i m po ss i bl e fo r m a n to

de si r e m o re com
p l e t e fe l i c i t y t ha n t he a dm i ra ble k n o w e dg e o f
l
c o n st r uc t e d
’
li ght a nd its v i rt u e s , by w hi c h t he a n cient m a gi
t he i r e e r v -
b ur n i n g la m p s, force d fi re ou t o f s to nes a n d wood, ki n dle d
t a p e rs fro m t he ra y s o f st a rs , a nd na t u ra ll y ,
by m e a ns of it s
re fl e c t i o n s, p ro du c e d m a n yw o n de r s i n t he a i r, su c h a s pha n t o m
w ri t i n g, a n d m o re t ha n l l by t he t ru e u s e o f t he lu v
a i n ri si bi li s,
m a de m e n t he m se lv e s i n v i si ble (Wa i t e s
’ “
Rea l H i st o r y of t he
”
Ro si c ru c i a n s, p .

He r e i s F lu dd p ea t i n g
re B
a c o n s do c t ri n e o f t he p ri o ri t
’
of y
da r k n e ss b e fo r e Li ght Et po su i t t e n e bra e la t ibu l u m su u m i n
.

i
c rc u i t u
j
e u s, t a b e rn a c u lu m e ju s t e n e br o sa a ua i n n u b i bu s q
de n si s, & c . At v e ro c u m e us j v o l u n ta s e ss e t ma cr o c o sm u m c o n

y
de re i n gre m i o seu v e n t r e h le s a dhu c i n fo rm i s (na m te n ebrae fu eru n t
sup ra
fa ci e m A byssi i n
fi n i ta z
) u t c u m Tr i sm e gi sto lo u a r, m u ta vi t
q
forma m e t u n i versa subi to revela vi t, et om n ia i n lu/me n con versa sun t,

s ua ve n i mi u m . Et pa u lo Umbra guceda m horrenda obli gu a revol u

p ost
ti one su bte rla beba tu r vel, Bsu l xvi ii 1 2 , p rtc fu lgore i n consp e c tu ej us
. .

nu bes ten e brosce e t doa ste tra n si e ru n t Tra c ta t u s p .

B a c on w ri t e s i n t he
“
Ne w A t la n tis We ma i n ta i n a t ra de ,

n ot v j
fo r go ld, si l e r, o r e w e ls ; n o r fo r s i l s ; n o r fo r spi c e s ; n o r k
a n y
y o t he r c o m m o di t o f m a t t e r bu t o n ly fo r G o d s fi rs t c re a t u re ,
’

whi ch wa s Light : to ha ve Light (I sa y) of the growth f

o a ll p a rts o f
”
the world .

It IS c u ri o u s t o fi n d t hi s do c t ri n e of i n terna l li ght re p ea t ed in
Lo v ’
e s La b o u r s L o st
’

Li gh t l i ght do t h l i ght o f l i gh t b egu i l e

se e k i n g

S o ere y o u fin d wher e l i ght i n da rkn e ss l i es ,

Y o u r li gh t gro ws da rk by l o si n g o f y o u r e y e s .

(Ac t i . so .
 NO TE S ON R O S I CR U C I A N L I T E R A T UR E .
31 1

Co m pa r e Flu dd o n t hi s In vi si ble In teri or L i ght H i n e ho m i n em

i n t e rn u m a b ho m i n e e x t e rn o di st i n gu i m u s H i n c fa c u l t a t e s i n .

ho e si v e i l lo a n im a li , et m i n e ra li , v e
g eta bi li , et m i n e ra li a d c o rp o ri s
hu m a ni m o rb o la g u e sc e n t i s c u ra
n t i o n e s, M a gi ae n a t u ra li s o p e ra

t i on es e t i n fi n i t a li a , de r i v a n t u r . q
E x u i b u s c o n s t a t , u o d li c e t q
ma n ife st ae re ru m
p ro pri e ta t e s, e t c o r p o r u m e ffe c t u s o c u li s n o st r i s

e t s e n si b u s o ffe ra n t u r , no n ta me a ea con dem na re ep ortea t, gu ce scu sa i

n ostro n on su c ce du n t, v i de li c e t q u ae o c c u l t e i n c o rp o ri b u s de li t e sc u n t ,
e t o b sc o n du n t u r ; q u on ia
praest a n t i o r p a r s t o t i u s c r e a t i o n i s
m, ut

e st i n v i si bili s, v i de l i c e t sp i ri t u s i ll e Em p r e u s, lu c esgue i n vi si bile s

y
j
e u sde m , n e m e
p A n g e li , et t otu s Coel e st i s e x erci t u s i n vi si b ili s a d
cu u s j e ss e , L uz i n vi si bi li s et sp i ri tu s si m i li s con cu rreba n t ; si c
p rae

sta n t i o ra De i a t q ue na t u r ae a rca n a su n t i n v i si b ili a et n on n s i i a b

o cu li s i n t e ll e c t u a li b u s p e r c i pi e n da (pp 1 60, 1 6 1 , .

Sp i ri t a n d L i ht F l u dd a lm o st , i f n o t i n de e d, ide n t i e s
g fi .

We rea d t ha t t he fi rst o f c r e a t e d fo rm s wa s li ght ; w hi c h ha t h

a r e la t i on a n d c o rr e s o n de n c e in tu r e a n d c o rp o r a l t hi n gs, t o
p na

k n o w le d e
g in spi ri t s a n d i n c o rp o ra l t hi n g s
”
(
“
A dv a n c em en t o f

L ea rn i n g,
”
Lib . Thi s do c t r i n e , w hi c h i s e sp e c i a ll yB a c on ia n ,

a nd b e lo n gs a l s o t o t he “
No vu m O rga n u m ,
”
i s t o be r e fo u n d in
F lu dd s
’ “
Apo lo g y of t he Ro si c ru c i a n s ,
”
in a n sw e r t o L i ba viu s
”
On e of hi s c ha p t e r s i s e n t i t l e d De L uc e .

C o m pa re B a c on s
“’
Ra dix P ersp ecti vce si ve de F orma L u ci s

(B k IVoo .
,
“
D e A u gm e n t i s) . B a con w ri t e s Som e of P la t o
’
s

sch l h v oo a e i n t ro du c e d Li ght a s a t hi n g m o re a n cien t t ha n ma tter

i t se lf fo r w he n e m pt yp s a ce wa s sp r e a d t he y a fli rm e d i t wa s, in
a va i n i m a gi n a t i o n , t ha t i t w a s fi rst fill ed w i t h li ght , a nd a ft e r
w a rds w i t h a bo d y ,
w he re a s Hol y Wr i t se t do w n pla i n l t he y
ma ss o f he a v e n s a n d e a rt h t o be a da r k c ha o s b e fo r e t he c rea t i o n
of Li ght .
”
J u st a s B a con fe t c he s a ll hi s a u t ho ri t yf ro m t he B ibl e,

so Fl u dd, on e of hi s l e a di n g do c t ri n e s b e i n g t hi s fi rst e x i st e n c e

of da r k n e ss a n d c ha o s .
 C HAPTE R III .

’
RO S I C RU C I AN P A RA LLE LS T O B ACO N S W RI T IN G S .

S h a k es pe a re , i n t he pers on o f Pro s pe ro , ha s e h i bi t e d t h e pre a le n t x v

n o t i o n s o f t h e j u di c i a l a s t ro l o ge r c o m b i n e d w i t h t he a de pt , wh ose w hi t e m a i c ,
g
a s di s t i n ui sh e d fro m t h e bl a c k o r de m o n m a gi c , h o lds a n i n te rc o u rs e w i t h
g
pu re r s pi ri ts . Su c h a sa ge w a s
t ra n s po rt e d,

An d ra
pt i n sec re t s t u di e s

t ha t i s , i n t he oc c u l t s c i e n c e s a nd he h a d

V o lu m es t ha t h e pri z e d m o re t ha n h i s du k e do m .

T he se w ere a lc h e m i ca l , a s t ro l o g i ca l,
b a lis t i e a l t rea t is esa n d ca
T he m a gi ca l .

pa rt o f The T e m pe s t , Wa rt o n h a s o bs er e d,
‘ ’ ‘
v
i s fo u n de d o n t ha t so rt o f
J
ph i lo so phy w hi c h w a s pe c u li a r t o o hn D e e a n d h is a s so c i a t es, a n d h a s b e e n
”
(D Isra e l i s Am e n i t i es o f Li t e ra t u re , p
’ ’
c a ll e d t he Ros i c r uc i a n . .

A IR, S O U L, S P I RI T .

T H E wi n d i s a n a n ge li ca l S p i ri t c l o t he d wi t h a i r, w hi c h m o v e t h
o c c u lt l y a nd v
i n i sibl y t hi s wa y a nd t ha t w a y, a c c o rdi n
g u n to t he

se c re t w i ll of H i m t ha t c re a t e d i t , whose voi ce , a lthou gh i t be hea rd,

yet i s the p la ce from when ce i t ca me , or the ma rk whi ther i t tendeth,

u n kn ow n o
” “
f morta l me n (p 9 2, M o sa i ca l Phil o so ph , Ro b . y .

Flu dd, Ar i e l, i n t he pla of The T e m p e st , y “

c l o se l y
fo llo w s t hi s v
de sc ri p t i o n e e n i n n a m e , b e i n g de s c ri be d a s
“
a n

a i ry sp i ri t i n t he li st o f Dra ma tis P ersona e In t he s e c o n d . sc e n e

o f t he t hi rd a c t , A ri e l i s i n t ro du c e d i n vi s i bly l i ta bor
p a y n g on a

a n d p ip e, gi i n g Ca liba n , S t e pha n o , a n d T ri n c u lo t he li e , — t he
v
v o i c e b e i n g he a rd, bu t t he
pla c e w he n c e i t ca m e fro m u n n o w n k .

S tep ha n o. Wha t i s t his sa me

T ri n . This i s t he tu n e o f ou r ca tc h p la y e d by t he pi c t ure o f n o b od y .

Flu dd w ri t e s :
“
Na y ,
v e ri l y '

w e w i ll pro v e t ha t t he i n t e rn a l
mo v er i n t he w i n ds i s t he e ss e n t i a l i n spi ra t i o n or bre a t h pro c e e d
 R O S I CR U C I A N P A R A L L E L S .
31 3

i n g i m m e di a t e l yf ro m God (p 8 8 ,
M o sa i c a
. l P hi l o so
“
p h y ,

F lu dd v yw h
e er e re fi
i de n t i e s sp i ri t w i th win d or a ir, a s the sou l . It
is we ll w t hy or a tte n tio n t ha t P r o sp e r o , i n t he p la of T he y
T e m p e st ,
”
i s i n t ro du c e d a s a r e r e s e n t a t i e G o d, fo r he
p v
ha s

p o w er o v er t he e le m e n t s, hi s w ra t h i s p o rt ra e d t o u s i n t he
a nd y
s t o rm he ra i se s . In B k“
t he F o u rt h o o o f a c o n s D e A u gm e n t i s ,
’ ”
B
he i de n t i fi es t he so u l with a i r, a s
“
a gen tle ga le o
f s u sp i c i

“
o u sl lli e d t o T e m p e st F o r t he sen sible sou l m u st n e e ds be
y a a .

r a n t e d,
t o be a
g c or
p o ra l s u b s t a n c e a t t e n u a t e d by he a t a nd m a de

v
i n i si bl e : sa
y I a thi n gen tle ga le o f wi n d s w e ll
’
d a nd b lo w n up

fro m so m e fla m y a nd a ir y na t u re , i n de e d, w i t h t he so ft n e ss o f a ir
to r e c ei v e i m pr e ss i o n , a nd w i t h t he v i go r of fi re t o e m b ra c e

a ct i on
(p . 2 08 , B k IV
oo .
,
“
Ad v a n cem en t of L e a rn i n g,
”

B EE S A ND Ro sa s .

T he r e ca n be v y li t t l
er e do u b t t ha t t he e m ble m o f t he Bee w a s

a n i m p o r ta nt Ro si c ru c i a n s ym b o l, be ca u se w e fin d gre a t n u m
a

be r of Ro si c ru c i a n w r i t e rs a llu di n g t o i t i n a lm o s t i f n o t i de n t i c a l
w o rds . U po n t he t i tle—
pa ge of Flu dd s
’
Su m m u m B on u m ,
”

1 6 2 9 , t he r e i s a la rg e Rose dra wn , on whi ch two bees ha ve a li ghted,

w i t h t he m o t t o
D a t I tosa m e l up i bu s .

No w ,
a s t he Ro s e w a s t he e sp e c i a l s ym b ol of t he So c i e t y (a s
T w e n t y si t h S t a -
x r D e S u b st a n t i a An i m ae S e n si bili s . An i m a si qu i de m

v
.

se n s i bi l i s si b ru t o ru m , pl a n e
e su b st a n t i a c o rp o r e a c e n se n da e st , a ca l o re
t u ra fi a m m e a a e re a
'

et
a t ten u a te , s t fa c t a i n v i si b i l i s ; a u ra (i n qu a m ) ex na

con fla t a ,
a cr i s m o lli ti e
‘

f
a d i m pre ssi on e m rs c i p i e n da v
m , i gn i s i g o re a d a c t i o n e m
v i b ra n da m do t a t a ; p a rt i m e x o l e o si s , pa rt i m e x a qu e i s n u t ri t a ; c o rp o r e

o b du c t a , a t qu e i n a n i m a li b u s p e rfe c t i s i n c a pi t e prae c i pu s l o c a t e ; i n n e r i s v
e rc u rre n s , e t sa n ui n e s i i t o a rt e ri a r um r e fe c t a e t re pa ra t a ; qu em a d
p g p r u so

m odu m B er n a r di n a s T e les i u s e t di s c ip u l u s ej u s A u gu s ti n u s D on i u s a li gn a e a :
” "
mn i n o i n u ti li ter De A u gm e n t i s , ch iii
p a r te, n on o a sseru c r u n t . . .
,

Li b IV ) .

vi
.

“
T e l e si u s re ve d t h e phi l o so ph y of Pa rm e n i de s . H e w ro t e De Re ru m
Na t u re .
"
(i n n in e b o o k s , N a po l i , De C o l oru m G en e ra t i o n s
” “
De M a ri se e M a u ri c e , M o d Phi l 1 62 . D o n i u s w a s a ph y s i c i a
. . n

of C o se n z a . H e w ro t e De Na t u re H o m i n i s
31 4 R O S I C R UC I A N P A R A L L E L S

we k n ow fro m t he i r j e wel ) i t
,
i s hi g hl p r o b y
a b l e t he B e e w a s a l so

i n c lu de d, pa rt or of t he e m b le m In a n a ddre s s t o t he b ro t he r
.

Va u gha n s
’
ho o d w hi c h p re fa ces T ho m a s A n t hro p o so phi e The o
m a gi c a ,
we r ea d T o t he m o s t i l lu s t ri o u s a n d t ru l re ge n e ra t e d y
b re t hre n R C ; t o t he p ea c e lo v i n g a p o st le s o f t he C hu rc h i n
. .
-

”
t hi s c o n t e n t i o u s a e Sa lu t a t i o n fro m t he c e n t re o f P e a c e
g . .

fi
Upo n t he rs t pa ge w e re a d : “
ha e w a n de re d li ke the bees (n o t I v
t ho se o f Q i n po i so n e d ga rde n s ) , to u chi n g lightly the Cce les
u i n t illi a n

tia l flowers, v
w hi c h de ri e t he i r s c e n t s fro m t he Ar o m a t i c m o u n

ta i n s . If he re t he re b e a u ght o f hon ey, I a

fl e r u n to
y ou thi s ho n ey
co m b a n d bee hi ve
-
. Roses, howeve r, a re won t to be soi led up on the

brea sts of m ost p erson s p era dven tu re a lso thi s ha n dfu l i s su lli ed, for it
The M a gi c a l W ri t i n gs o f T ho m a s
”
is o f m y ga the ri n g (De di c a t i o n ,

Va u
g ha n,
”
by A . E Wa i t s )
. . It m a y b e p e rc e i e d t ha t B ee s a n d v
Roses a re b ro u ght i n t o c on te xt i n t hi s de di c a t o r y a ddre ss t o t he F ra
t e rn i t y , i n a n e vi d e n tl y ym b s o li c a l or e so t e ri c s e n se . Ba c dn , i n
de sc ri bi n g t he se a ts of L ea rn i n
g, fou nda tio n s o f Co lleges (t he Ro s i
c ru c i a n s c a l l e d t he m se l v es a C o l l e g e ) , w ri t e s : T he w o r k s w hi c h

c o n c e rn the sea ts o f the M u ses (M u sa r u m S e de s ) a re fo u r, f ou n da

ti on s o f Houses ,
e n do w m e n t s , p ri i l e g e s
fra nc hi s e s, a nd v m u ch
li k e t he s t a tion s w hi c h Vi rgi l pr e s c ri b e t h fo r t he hi vi n g o f B e es .
”

Pri n c i pi o s e de s a pi b u s sta t i o qu s p e t e n da
Quo ne
qu e sit v e n t i s a di t u s, & c .

F
( i rs t fo r t hy b e e s a qu i e t s ta t i o n fi n d,
A n d l o dge t h e m u n de r c o v e rt o f t h e wi nd .
)
Vi gil G g i
( r ,
“
e or ,
v .

Adv
“ ”
(P 69, . m t a n ce en ,

F o r he t ha t sha ll a t ten ti el v y o b se r v h w t h mi d d t h
e o e n o

g t
a h e r t hi s e x c e ll e n t dew f
o kno wledge, li k t t h t w hi h t h
e un o a c e

p o s t s ea
p k e t h o f, A erei m elli s cceles ti a do na ,
di st i lli n g a n d c o n t ri v

in g i t ou t o f p a rti cu la rs, n a tu ra l a n d a r ti fici a l ,

a s the f ers
l o w o f the

field a n d ga rden ,
sha l l fi n d t ha t t he m i n d o f he rse lf b y na t u r e do t h

ma na
g e a n d a ct a n i n du c t i o n m u c h b e t t e r t ha n t he yd e s c ri b e it
”

Ad a v n c em en t of L ea rn i n
g,
”
B k II
oo .
, p . It i s ea s yt o

p e rc e iv e b y t he L a t i n q u o ta t i o n , B i a con s a llu di n g t o t he i n dus try

 T O B A C O IVS
’
WR I T I N G S .
31 5

of B ees, i n o rde r t o illu s t ra t e t he c o ll e c t i o n of ho n e y ,

or dew f
o

knowledge, fr o m ou t of in fi n i te p a r t i c u la rs In M i c ha e l M a i e r s .
’

S e pt i m a na Philo so phi c a
” “
(1 6 2 0, F ra n c o f ) w e r e a d : A t u i d . q
de A p i b u s di c e n du m ? (Hy ra m u s ) Illa ru m cce lesti s seu a er i a
' '

vi detu r ori go, c u m do m u n c u lae s a r u m , i d e s t , c e l l ae c e r e ee , n u t ri

m en tu m se u a m bro si a st Ma n n a m e lli s, n e e n on t ota p r o sa pi a ex

flo ri b u s o rt u m du c a n t fl o re s a u t em a coelo e t a era rorem s t fra gr a n

tiu m m u tu o a c cipi a n t . C ae li vi rt u s m e lli i n fa vis e x i s t e n t i , du m

a dsu n t t a m e n e x a m in a i n i lli s, i n fu n di t u r , u n de A p i c u lae no vas

g e n sr m tu r (p . H e re w e fi n d a c on n ota ti on of b e e s, ho n e y ,

de w , a nd fl o w e rs . Ca n to xxxi . of Da n te s
’
Pa ra di so o pe n s w i th

t he c o n n o ta tion of a sn ow—
whi te r ose a nd bees

In fa shi on t h e n a s i f a sn o w w hi te r ose -

Di spl a y e d i t se l f t o m e t h e s a i n t l y h o s t ,
Wh om Chri st i n hi s o w n b l o o d h a d m a de hi s bri de ,
Bu t t h e o t h e r h o st , t h a t fly i n g se e s a n d si n g s
Th e gl o ry o f h i m w h o do t h e n a m ou r i t ,
A n d t h e g o o dn e ss t h a t c re a t e d i t so n o bl e ,
v
E e n a s a sw a rm o f b e e s t h a t si n k i n fl o w ers
O n e m o m en t , a nd t he ne xt r e t u rn s a
ga i n
T o w h ere i t s l a b o u r i s t o s w e e t n e ss t u rn e d,
S u n k i n t o t h e g rea t fl o w e r, t h a t i s a do rn e d
v
Wi t h l e a e s so m a n y , a n d t h e n c e re a sc e n de d
T o w h ere i t s l o v e a b i de t h e v e rm o r e .
*

LO NG F LL
E OW .

B a c on a lm o s t a lw a y s c om
pa r e s k n o w le dg e to Wa ter or a F ou n

G . A n t i pa pa l S pi ri t w hi c h pro du c e d t h e
Ro sse t t i m a i n t a i n s i n hi s
”
Re form a t i o n , t h a t D a n t e s Di v i n e C o m e dy i s n o t hi n g b u t a n e po si t i o n o f
’
x
t h e se c re t m y st e ri e s a n d sym b o li s m o f t h e Kn i gh t T e m pl a rs, t o wh i c h o rde r
h e b e l o n g e d, a n v
d t h a t Da n t e w a s a c t i e i n pre pa ri n g b y h i s w ri t i n g s t h e
w a y fo r t h e Re fo rm a t i o n M r W a i t e , qu o t i n g E li ph a s L e i , w ri t e s (p 1 6,
. v .

H i st o ry o f t h e Ro sc ru c i a n s No t w i t h ou t a st o n i sh m e n t w i ll i t b e di s
v
c o ere d,
”
c on tin u es Le i , v
t ha t t h e Rom a n de l a Ros e a n d t h e D i v i n e C o m e dy
a re t wo o pp o s i t e fo rm s o f t h e sa m e w o rk —i n i t i a t i o n i n t o i n t e ll e c t u a l i n de p e n
de n c e , sa t i re on a ll c o n t e m p o ra r y i n st i t u t i o n s a nd a ll egor i ca l f orm u l a ti ons of
the gr ea t s ec r ets o f the Rosi c ru c i a n S oci e ty . T h e se i m p o rt a nt ma n i fe st a t i on s of

o c c u l ti sm c o i n c i de wi th t h e e po c h o f t h e do w n fa ll of t h e T e m pl a rs , s i n c e J ea n

de M eu n g or Cl o p i n e l , c o n t e m p o ra r y of Da n te
’
s old a g e , fl ou ri sh e d du ri n g hi s
m o st b ri lli a nt y e a rs a t t h e C o ur t of Phil i pp e l e Be l Th e Ro m a n c e o f t h e
.
‘

F v
o

e pi c o f a n c i e n t
Ro s s is the ra n c e It i s a pro fo u n d w o rk i n a t ri i a l g u i s e ,
xp
.

a s l e a rn e d a n e o si t i o n of t h e m ys t e ri e s o f o c c u l t i sm a s t h a t o f A p u l e i u s .
31 6 R O S I C R U GI A N P A R A L L E L S

ta i n .
“
Fo r a s w a t e r w i ll n ot a sc e n d hi g he r t ha n t he le v el of

t he fi t Sp i
rs r n g/
l ea d fro m w he n c e i t de s c e n de t h, so k n o w le dg e

de r iv d f m
e ro Ar i st o t l e , a n d e x e m pt e d fro m lib e rt y o f e xa m in a
t i o n , w i ll n o t ri s e a
g i n hi he r t ha n t he
g a k n o w le d e
g of A ri st o t le

(
“
Ad v a n c e m e n t o f L e a rn i n ,
g
”
oo B kI . A ga i n :
“
Wa s n ot

t he P ersi a n M a gi c a r e du c t i o n o f c o rr e sp o n de n c e o f t he p i r n c i p l es

a nd a rchi tec tu res f

o na tu re to the ru le a nd p oli cy f
o
gove rn me n t ?
Is n ot t he p r e c e p of a
t m u si c i a n, t o fa ll fro m a di s c o rd or ha rs h
a c c o rd u o n a
p c o n c o rd o r s w e e t a c c o rd, a li k e t ru e i n a ffe c t i o n ?

( p a
ge 1 07 , oo B k II .
,
“
Ad v a n c em e n t of Le a rn i n
g, Wri ght )
”
.

Thi s P e rs i a n m a g ic B a con ca lls Phi losop hi a p ri ma , si ve de fo ntibus

s c i e n ti a ru m
” “
T hi s . sc i e n c e , t he r e fo r e (a s I u n dersta n d i t) , Im a
y
j u st l y
po rt a s de c i e n t , for
re fi
s e e s o m e t i m e s t he p ro fo u n de r I
so rt o f w i t s , i n ha n dli n s o m e t i u la a r u m e n t , wi ll n o w a n d
g pa r c r g
t he n dra w a bu cke t o f wa ter ou t o f thi s we ll for the i r p r esen t use,

bu t the sp ri n ghea d thereof s e e m e t h t o m e n o t t o ha v e be e n vi si t e d

x
b e i n g o f s o e c e ll e n t u se fo r t he di s c l o si n g o f na t u re a n d t he
”
a b ri dge m e n t o f a rt(I bi d , p . . Ho w i s i t w e fi n d t he

Ro si c ru c i a ns y
st u d i n g e sp e c i a ll y thi s P ersi a n or Cha ldce a n M a gi c
e xa c tl y a s B a con do e s, a nd e v en u po n t he sa me su b e c t j —m u s i c
a s a ppli e d t o t he a ffe c t i o n s In de sc ri bi n g fou n da tion of Colleges ,

B a con w ri t e s :
“
Fo r a s w a t e r, w he t he r i t b e t he Dew of H ea ven
or t he Sp ri n gs o
f the E a r th, do t h s ca tter a nd le e se i t s e lf i n t he

g r o u n d, u n le ss i t be c o lle c t e d in to so m e rec e
p ta c le w he re i t m a y

by u n ion c o m fo rt a nd su sta i n i t s e lf ; a nd fo r t ha t c a u se t he

i n du st r y of ma n ha t h m a de a nd fra m e d Sp r in ghe a ds, Con du i ts,

Ci ste rn s, a nd P ools, & c . i (
“
u ema d
. Q
m o du m e n im A q ua ,
si v e e x Coelesti Rore descen den s, si ve ex fon ti bus
”
sca tu ri en s, &c .
,
The Ro si c ru c i a n s , a c c o r di n
g to M o she im ,

dr e w t he i r t i t l e or na m e fr o m ros cr a ft or dew Cross . An d i t

is c e rt a i n t he Ro si c ru c i a ns t e rm e d t he i r he a d q u a rt e rs o r so u rc e

T h e Ro se of Fla m e l , of J ea n de M e u n g, a nd of Da n te, b l o ss o m e d on t he sa me
ro se -
t re e
"
v
T hi s i n de e d m a y w e l l b e b e l i e e d, fo r t h e re i s a la rge a m o u n t o f
vi d vv v
.

i n tin t o t h i i f t h R s i c ru c i a n re i a l o f t he se e n t e e n t h
e en ce p o g e o r g n o e o

c e n t ur y i n t he Kn i gh t T e m pl a rs .
 T O B A C ON S
’
WR I TI N G S .
3 1 7

a fou n t a i n or w e ll . Q u o d si t Ca st e llu m i n qu o F ra t re s de gu n t ?

(G a ss e n du s, Ca st e llu m m ea ns n ot onl y a t o wn or
’ “
v i lla e
g , bu t a con du i t or p ip e to con vey wa te r (Ai n sw o rt h s La t i n
Di c t i o n a r y
Ro s s A ND L I LY .

T he Ro se a nd t he L il yw e re t he t w o fl o w e rs e sp e c i a ll y re pre

s e n ta ti v e a n d e m bl e m a ti c of t he Ro si c ru c i a n fra t e rn i t y . T he i r
j e w el wa s a c ru c i fi e d ro se m oun ted on a Ca l v y ar ,
a nd fo r t he
c on n e ction ~
of t he L i l y or Fl e u r de L i s w i t h t he
- -
so c i e t y I,
m u st
“
de r t o Ha rgre a
’
r e fe r t he re a ve J e n n i n gs Ro si c ru c i a n s, t he i r

Ri t e s a nd M y st e r i e s
( c ha pt e r vi i i , v ol . i .
) w her e he w i ll fi n d
a s t ra n ge hi st o r y of t he F leu r de L i s, L u cifera- -
Li sses, & c . No w
it is v y er c u ri o u s t o fi n d t he a u t ho r of t he p la y s fr e q u e n tl y
i n t r o du c i n g t he Rose i n con text wi th the I/i ly

Of N a tu re s gi ft s ’

, t ho u m a y st
’
w i th Li li e s b o a st ,
A n d w i t h t h e h a lf b l o w n Ro se -
.

Ki n g J o hn ,
a ct i ii . se . l .
)
No r di d w o n der a t I t h e L i ly
’
s w hi t e ,
No r pra i s e t h e de e p v e rm i li o n o f t h e Ro s e

Th e i r si l e n t w a r of L ili e s a nd of Ro s e s .

Th a t e v en
ge r m a k e s t h e L il y p a l e ,
fo r a n

An d t h e re d Ro se bl u sh a t h e r o wn di s ra
g ce .

L u c re c e ,
’
The a i r h a th s t a rv d t h e Ro s e s i n h e r c h e ek s ,
An d p i n e h d t h e Li l y t i n c t u r e o f h e r fa c e
’
.

T w o G e n t l e m e n o f e ro n a V , a ct iv . se .

The r e li
g i ou s c ha ra c t e r o f t he L i l y i vid t ly s e en c o n n e ct e d with

Sol om o n , “
Co n si de r t he L i li e s o f t h fi ld & e W e c . e fin d B a con ,

in a l e t t e r t o Ki n g J a m e s I .
,
w ri t i n g It i s o b s e rv e d u p o n a

p la ce i n t he C a n t i c le s by so m e E go su m flos Ca mp i et Li lli a m Con

valliu m , t ha t a di sp a ri , i t i s n o t sa i d, E go su m flos H or ti e t L i lli a m

M on ti u m b e c a u se t he M a j esty of t ha t P erson is n ot e n c l o se d

fo r a fe w n or a
pp ro pri a t e fo r t he gr e a t
“
I a m t he Fl o w e r

of t he F i e ld, a n d t he L i l o f t he Va l l e y y s, t ha t i t i s n ot sa id,
31 8 R OS I CR U C I A N P A R A L LE L S

I a m t he fl ower of t he ga rde n , a nd t he L il y of t he m o u n ta i n s

J a m es I . wa s, w e b e li e e , v a Ma so n .
*

It se e m s to us B a con is a ddr e ss i n g t he ki n
g i n m a son i c la n ua e ,
g g
wi t h a s i de hi n t fo r S o lo m o n . I n t hi s le t te r B a c o n sa y s, No w
t he co rn e r ston e i s la i d o f -
t he m i ght i e s t m o n a rc h y i n E u ro p e .
”

Is B y
i m pl i n g , b y a c o m p li m e n t t o t he i n g, t ha t he ( a c o n )
a con k B
i s t he fl
o w e r o f t he fie lds a n d t he L i l
y fo the V a lle —
y t he i ng k
(s ea t e d o n a hi g he r pla c e ) t he o w e r o f the ga rden a n d Li l o f fl y
t he m ou n ta i ns ? The ne xt l ett er i s t o S i r J o hn Da i e s v (u po n t he

ki n
g
’
s c om in
g i )
n , a n d c o n c lu de s ,
“
S o desi ri n g you to be goo d to
co nce a led p oe ts .
”
Ho w c o u ld Sir J o hn Da i e s fa o u r v
a c on s v B ’

a d v a n c em en t t hr o u gh t hi s a llu si o n 2 M y o pi n i o n i s t ha t t hi s wa s

m ea nt a s ap o ss i bl e r e c o m m e n da t i o n t o t he i n g, a n d s u gg e st s k
secre t soci e ty or brotherhoo d, a n d the c la i ms a ri si n
so m e
g ou t of i t .

Thi s q u o ta t i o n pr o e s v n ot on l y th t B a a con wa s
“
a co n cea led p oe t,
bu t t ha t t he re w e re other con cea led p oets, bo u n d by brotherhood to do
ea c h o ther servi ce . Si r J o h n vDa i e s w ro t e a p o e m u p o n t he
Im m o rt a li t y of t he S o u l,
”
a highly m ph si ca l a n d, w e m i ght
eta y
a lm o st sa
y, m a so n i c p o e m . The t ho u ght fu l r e a de r m u st s e e t ha t
B a con c o u ld ha e n o c la i m v u po n S i r J o hn Da i e s fa v ’
v ou r wi t h
t he ki n
g fr o m t he fa c t t ha t he ( a c o n
, ) a lo n e w a s a B “
con ce a led

p oet, u n l e s s S i r J o hn Da v i e s u n de rs t o o d t hi s i n s o m e r e c i pro c a l
se n s e , a s a s e c re t s i
g n b e t w e e n m e m b e rs of a fra t e r n i t y . An d i t
is c u ri o u s t hi s l e t t e r b e a rs da t e 1 6 03, r t he ’
y ea r Ro b e rt Flu dd
a ddu c e s a s he ra ldi n g, by t he n e w s ta rs i n t he bre a st of t he Swa n

W hy do t h m y fa c e s o m u c h e n a m o u r t h e e ,
Tha t t o t h e ga rde n fa i r t h o u t u rn e s t n o t ,
W hi c h u n de r t he ra ys of
C hri st i s b lo ss o m i n g ?
T he re i s t h e Ro se i n w hi c h t he l Vor d D i v i n e
B e c a m e i n c a rn a t e the r e the L i l ies a r e
By w h o se pe rfu m e t he g o o d w a y w a s di sc o e re d v .

(Ca n t o XX , Pa ra dis o , III . Da n te. )

J a m es I . wa s a Gra n d M a st e r of M a so n ry , 1 6 03 (
se e
“
Ro y a l M a s o n i c
C yc l o pve di a ,
”
p . 2 85 , M Ke n z i e )
‘
. So w a s a l so Wi lli a m H e rb e rt , Ea rl of

Pe m b ro k e .

lso t h e da te (1 603) o f t ho se s t ra n g e As t ro lo gi c a l N o t es i n Ba c o n s
’

i Thi s i s
‘
a

ha n d, v
w hi c h S peddi n g di sc o e re d wr i t t e n u po n t he t i t le pa g e o f H e rm es -

”
S t e ll a .
 T O B A C ON S
’
WR I TI N G S .
31 9

a nd i n S e rp e n t a ri u sfi‘ t h e a u gm e n t a tion , i f n ot t he fo rm a t i o n u po n

a n ew b a si s, of t he so c i e t y of Ro s yC r o ss . B a c on do e s n ot sa
y
“ “ ”
a con cea led p oet, bu t u se s t he p lu ra l, con cea led p oe ts, gs ho w i n

t he r e w a s a bo n d of b r o t he rho o d b e t w e e n Da vi es a n d hi m s e lf, i f

n o t o t he r s . It i s di f fi cu lt t o i m a gi n e o r a s c ri b e a r e a so n fo r t hi s
c on c ea lm e n t , u n l e ss i t ha d so m e r e li g i o u s o r so m e r e fo rm i n
g a nd

a d v a n c ed vi ew s c on n e c t ed with it . T h e Fr e e m a s o n s, a s fa r a s

we k n ow , di d n ot e xi st a t t hi s p e ri o d Bu t w e c a n e a si l
. y
i m a gi n e t he Ro si c ru c i a n s, w ho ca v
ll e d t he m se l e s L i tera ti , b e i n g
c o n n e c t ed w it h Po e tr y . T he r e a so n s fo r t hi s b e li e f a re ob vi o u s,

fo r t he y ca ll e d t he m se l v es t he L i tera ti f
Ap ollo, w ho w a s t h e
o

G od of M u si c a nd So n g a n d we fi n d r e fe re n c e s i n t he i r w ri t i n gs
t o Pa rn a s su s , H e li c o n , t he M u s e s, s o o ft e n a s t o p ro du c e t he c on

v ic tion t ha t , j oin e d t o t he i r e n ds o f r e fo r m i n g p hi lo soph y a nd

a r t s, yi
du lg e d i n p o e t i c a l li t e ra t u r e
t he n .

A m o n gst
’
a c o n s fra B
gm e n t s i s a n E ssa u po n F a m e We y .

fi n d i t i n t he fi
rst p a r t o f t he 1 6 7 1
“
Re su sc i t a t i o , a n d i t i s
”

c u ri o u sl y n ot i n c lu de d i n t he E ssa y s . It s t a n ds a lo n e , a nd t he

t i t le i s p ri n t e d i n e xt ra o r di n a r yl a r
g e ca p i t a l s, q u ite o n e in ch in
he i ght . The st yl e is e x c e e di n
gly u n li k B e a con s
’
Es sa y s, b ei n g
o bs c u r e , ha l f a ll e go ri c a l, a nd e n t i re l y i n a pp li c a bl e t o F a m e i n
its u su a ll y a cce
p t e d se n se . The t i t l e of t he c e l e b ra t e d Ro si or u

c ia n fi r st M a n ife st o of 1 6 1 4 wa s
“
F a m a F r a tern i ta ti s or a di s
”
covery o f the F ra tern i ty o f the m ost La u da ble Order f
o the Rosy Cross .

“ ”
It w a s r e pr i n t e d w i t h t he Co n fe ssi o Fra t e rn i t a t i s a nd t he

“
Th e r e ppe a re d a l so o f l a t e
a a n e w st a r i n the br ea st oCy gn u s, w hi c h
f
ha s n o w l a st e d fo r t w e l e W h o l e v y e a rs ” “
( De sc ri p t i o n o f t he I
n t e ll e c t u a l

Gl o b e
G o d, i n de e d, h a t h a l re a dy se n t m e ss en ge rs w hi c h s h ou l d t est i fy H i s W i l l
t o wit, s o m e n ew s t a rs w h i c h ha v e a pp e a re d i n S erp en ta ri u s a n d Cygn u s
(Co n fe ssi o n of Ro si c ru c i a n F ra t e rn i t y , p . 9 3, Wa i t e s ’ “
Re a l H i st Ro s i .

c ru c i a n s

Cu m i gi t u r st e ll a s i n l o n gi t u di n e s i gn i i st i u s Io v i s , i n S erp e n t a ri o re

p e r te s , e t i ll a s si m il i t er Cy gn i ru m i n a v e ri m u s ; Io v i s c o n j u n c t i o n e m c u m
S a t u rn o , c i rc a t e m pu s a pp a ri ti o n i s e a ru m , et n on m ul t u m a n t e re v e l a t i o n em
”
F ra t e rn i t a t i s i st i u s de Ro se a C ru c e , s p e c u l a ri n o b i s c u m
pro po su i m u s (De
C h a ra c t e rib u s M y st i c i s ,
“
Tra c t .
p 75. . 1 61 7, Fl u dd ) . T hi s da t e
wa s 1 6 03 .
32 0 R O S I CR U CI A N P A RA L L E L S

Allge m e i n e Re fo rm a t i o n de r G a n zen W e lt a t F ra n kf o rt o n
- -
t he

Ma i n e i n 1 61 5 . It i s t he first gen u i ne Rosi cruc ia n ma f

n i es to of
“
w hi c h t he re i s pro o f i n du bi t a bl e , fo r t he Re fo rm a t i o n o f t he

w ho l e W ide Wo rld, t ho u gh a n o n m o u sl pri n t e d t he sa m e

”
y y y ea r,

wa s b o rr o w e d e n t i re l yf ro m t he 7 7 t h a dv e rt i s e m e n t o f Bo c c a l i n i
’
s

“
Ra ggu a gli di Pa rn a sso ,
”
a nd wa di sc la i m e d by wr i t e rs li e
s k
F lu dd t he re fo r e
. I v e n t u re to su
gg e st B
a c o n s fra m e n t u po n
’

g
F a me , m a y po ss i bly a llu de i n gu a rde d la n gu a g e t o t he c e le

bra t e d “
Fa m a .
“
The k
P oe ts m a e Fa m e a m on s te r The . yd e

s c ri b e he r i n pa rt , n e l a n d e le ga n t l a n d in
p a fi y
rt , gra v e a n y ly d
se n t e n t i ou s l y y
T he sa y , lo o ho w m a n fea t he rs she ha t h, s o
. k y
ma n y y
e e s s he ha t h u n de rn e a t h : s o m a n t o n gu e s, so m a n y y
v oices he p r i c s u p s o m a n
; s ca rs k
T hi s i s a o u ri s h : t he re y . fl
fo llo w e x c e lle n t p a ra bles a s t ha t she ga t he r e t h st re n gt h i n go i n g ;
t ha t she g o e th u po n t he gro u n d, a nd ye t hide th he r hea d i n
the clo uds . In c ha pt e r v . of t he
“
Co n fe ssi o F ra t e rn i t a t i s
R C . .
,
1 61 5, we re a d :
“
A t ho u sa n d t i m e s t he u n w o rt h y ma y

c la m ou r , a t ho u sa nd t i m e s m a y pre s e n t t he m se l e s, y e t v Go d
ha t h c o m m a n de d ou r e a rs t ha t t he y sho u l d hea r n one of

t he m , a nd ha th so comp a ssed u s a bou t wi th H is clo u ds, * t ha t u n to

us Hi s se r v a n ts no v i o le n c e ca n be do n e ; w he re fo r e n ow

no l o n ge r b e he ld b y hu m a n
a re we e y e s, u n less they ha ve r e

cei ved s tre ngth borrowed fro m the ea gle

”
(Wa i t e , p . 9 0, “
Hi st o r y
of Ro si c ru c i a n s
T he Ro si c ru c i a n
p m a
p hl e t s m e n t i o n e d w e r e p u bli s he d i n fi v e

la n
gu a g e s, a nd ma y n ot B a con be hi n t i n g a t t hi s i n t he w o rds

so ma ny ton gu e s,
” “
so ma ny voi ces An d i n m a g F ki
a me a n

m o n ste r, t he re i s t he su
gg e st i o n i m p li e d of a sha
pe l e s s , hea dle ss
,

or fo rm l e ss c re a tion , w hi c h w a s e x a ctl y t he c ha ra c t e r of t hi s

B ro t he rho o d —i t s o ri gi n , fo u n de r, pre t e n si o n s , b e i n g a lw a y s in

“
As t o t he h e a t h e n a n t i qu i t i e s o f t h e w o rld, i t i s i n a i n t o n o t e t he m v
fo r de fi c i e n t ; de fi c i e n t t he y a re , n o dou b t , c o n s is t i n g m o s t l y o f fa bl e s a n d
fra gm e n ts , b u t t h e de fi c i e n ee ca n n o t b e h o l pe n , f o r a n tiqu i ty i s l i ke A M E , F
Ca p u t i n t er n u bi la c on d it, h e r h e a d i s m u ffle d fro m o u r s igh t
”
Tw o Bo o ks
of t h e Ad v a n c em e n t ,
”
p 92,
. Wright ) .
 T O B A C ON S
’
WR I TI N G S .
32 1

de fi ned a n d w i t ho u t o u t li n e . B a c on c o n t in u es :
“
Tha t i n t he
”
da y t i m e s he si t t e t h in a w a t c h t o w e r, -
a nd f yeth most by
l n i ght .

Thi s i m p li e s a n a cti v e a rm e d de fe n c e a nd lo o k -
ou t , j oi n e d to

s e c re c y a nd m y st e r y . T he Ro si c ru c i a n p u b li c a t i o n s w e re a ll
i ssu e d a n on ym o u sl y ,
a nd l e ft t he pu b li c i n the da rk a s t o t he i r
rea l a u t h o r, o r t he r ea l sou rc e fro m w he n c e t he y ca me . B a c on

“ ”
c on tin u e s : A n d tha t she is a terror to grea t ci ti es . In 1 6 2 3,
t he da t e of t he p la y (fi s rs t F o li o ) , t he r e w a s a m eetin g of t hi rt y
si x m e m b ers of t he Ro si c ru c i a ns i n P a ri s, a nd t he re a de r w i ll
fi nd i n “
De Q u in c e y ’
s
”
E s sa y ,
ho w t he cit yw a s t hr o w n i n t o

u pr o a r a nd c o n st e rn a t i o n , by c e rt a i n p la c a rds a t ta c he d t o t he
w a lls .

TH E RA VE N .

B a con w ri t e s : Ne i t he r i s t he re su c h a si n a
g i n st t he P e rs o n
a

of t he Hol y Gh o st
(if o ne sho u ld ta k e y
i t l i t e ra ll ) a s i n st e a d o f
the li ken ess of a Dove, t o b ri n g hi m do w n i n t he li k e n e ss o f a

Vu ltu re or Ra ven ; n or su c h a s c a n da l t o t he C hu r c h, a s ou t of

t he b a r k of Sa i n t P e t e r t o se t fo rt h t he fla g of a b a rge of P i ra t e s
a nd A s sa ssi n s Of Un i t y i n Re li gi o n
C o m p a r e t he Dove a nd Ra ven i n t hi s pa s sa
ge fro m t he
”
Chym i ca l M a rri a ge o f C hri st i a n Ro se n c re u t z ( T he S e c o n d
“

Da y , p 1 09 , Wa i t e s
.
“
Re a l H i st o r o f t he Ro si c ru c i a n s
’
y
Iw x
p e rpl e e d t ha t , fo r gre a t w e a ri n e ss, hu n g e r a n d t hi r st
a s so

s e i z e d m e , w he re u p o n I
dre w o u t m y bre a d, c u t a sli c e o f i t ,
w hi c h a sn ow whi te dove, o f w ho m -
w a s n o t a w a r e , si t t i n g u p o n I
t he t r e e e spi e d, a n d t he r e w i t h c a m e do w n , b e t a i n g he r s e lf k
v y f m ili ly wi t h
er a ar m e , t o w ho m I wi lli n
gl y im p a rt e d m y fo o d,
w hi h h
c iv d s e re c e e ,
a nd w i t h he r p r e t t i n e ss did g i n a l
a i t t le
a

r e fre sh me . Bu t a s so o n a s her en em y , a m ost bla ck Ra ven ,

p ercei ved i t , he st ra i ght da rt e d do w n u po n t he do e , v a nd ta ki n

g
no n oti c e of m e , w o u ld n ee ds fo r c e a wa y he r m e a t , w ho c o u ld

n ot o t he r w i se gu a rd h e rs e lf bu t by fl i ght . Whe re u po n , bo t h
32 2 R O S I C R U CI A N P A R A L L E L S

t o g e t he r fle w t o w a rd t he S o u t h, a t w hi c h I wa s so hu ge l y
i n c e n se d a nd v
gri e e d, t ha t w i t ho u t t hi n i n g, k I m a de ha s t e
a ft e r t he fi y lt h v
Ra e n , a n d s o , a ga i n st m y w i ll, ra n in to on e

o f t he fo r e m e n t i o n e d w a
-
y s a w ho le fi e ld s
’
le n gt h . T he Ra v en

b e i n g t hu s c ha s e d a wa y ,
a n d t he D o v e de li v e re d, I fi rs t oh

se r v ed w ha t I ha d i n c o n si de ra t e l yd o n e, a n d t ha t Iw a s a lre a d y
e n t e re d in to w a y , fro m w hi c h, u n de r of
a p e ril p u n i shm e n t ,

I du rs t n o t re t i r e , a n d t ho u g h I ha d s t i ll w he re w it h t o c o m fo rt

m y s e lf,
y et t ha t w hi c h w a s w o rs t of a ll w a s, t ha t I ha d le ft
m y ba g a nd br ea d a t t he T re e , a n d c o u ld n e v e r r e t ri e v e t he m ,

fo r a s so o n a s I t u rn e d m y se lf a bo u t , a c o n t ra r y wi n d w a s so

s t ro n
g g i n st m e t ha t i t w a s r e a d
a a t o fe ll m e , b u t i f y I w t en

fo rw a rd, p e rc e i e dI v
n o hi n dra n c e , w he re fo re
pa t i e n t l I yt k oo

up my c ro ss, g ot u po n m y fe e t , a n d re so lv e d I w o u ld use my

u t m o st e n de a v ou r to g e t to my j o ur n e y ’
s end b e fo re
ght ni .

No w ,
a l t ho u gh m a n y a ppa re n t by e w a -
y s sho w e d t he m s e l e s , v
I pro c e e de d w i t h m y c o m pa ss, a n d w o u ld n o t bu dge o n e
s t i ll

st e
p fro m t h e m e ri di a n l i n e H o w b e i t , t he w a
y w a s o ft e n t i m e s
.

s o r u gg e d t ha t I
w a s i n n o li t t le dou bt o f i t c o n st a n t l . I y
t hou ght u po n t he D o v e a nd Ra v en , a n d
y e t c o u ld n o t s ea rc h o u t

t he m e a n i n g, u n t il u
po n a hi gh hi ll a fa r o ff I e spy e d a st a tel y
P o rt a l , t o w hi c h, n o t re
ga rdi n g t ha t i t w a s di s ta n t fro m t he w a y
Iw a s in , Ih a st e d, be c a u s e t he su n ha d a lr ea d hid hi m se lf u n de r y
t he hi lls , a nd I c ou ld e l se w he re
b idi n g pla c e , w hi c h se e no a I
ve ri l y
a sc ri b e o n l y
t o G od, W ho m i ght ha e p e rm i tt e d m e t o g o v
fo rw a rd, a n d w i t hhe ld m y e e s t ha t s o m i ght ha e ga z e d b e si de y I v
t hi s gat e ,
t o w hi c h I n ow m a de m ig ht y h a s t e , a n d r ea c he d i t by
so m u c h da ylight a s t o ta k e a c o m pe te n t v i ew of it . It w a s
a n e x c e e di n g R y o a l, b e a u t i fu l P o rta l , W he re o n w e r e ca r v ed a

m ul t i t u de of m o st n o bl e fig u re s a nd de v i c e s, e v y er on e of

w hi c h (a s I aft e rw a rds le a rn e d) ha d i t s pe c u li a r si g n i ca t i o n fi .

Abo v e wa s fi xe d a p re tt la r e
g T a bl y
e t, wi th t he se w o rds ,

P roca l hi ne p rocu l i te p rofa n i,

’
a nd m o re t ha t Iw a s fo rbidde n to
”
l te
re a .

Thi s a l le go r yi s so t ra n s a re n t
p t ha t i t n e e ds li t t le a po lo g yf or
 T O B A C ON S
’
WR I TI N G S .
32 3

“
i n t e rp re t a t i o n . The w o rds i n L a t i n , P ro cu l hi n c p rocu l i te p ro
”
Vi rgil
’

fa n i ,
a re bu t a t ra n sc ri
pt of s

Pro c u l , O pro c u l e st e , pro fa n i

v
C o n c l a m a t a t e s , t ot o qu e a b si st i t e l oc o .

“
(Bo o k V I .
,
2 58, 2 5 9 , E n e i d.

Vi rgi l by M e t c a lfe w e r e a d, P recu t,

’
In t he n otes to A n t ho n s

0 p re cu t, & c Thi s w a s . t he s o l e m n p re a m bl e w i t h w hi c h t he

c e l e b ra t i o n o f t he S a cred M steri es u s e d t o b e u she re d i n , t he

y
x
fo rm o f e pre ssi o n i n G re e b e i n g é x ci g, é
x oc g E
,
s Bé
a rl a o: (p k ‘

Wa rbu rt o n sa y s :
“
The p rocu l, 0 p r ocu l p rofa n i
este o f t he

y
S bi l i s a li t e ra l t ra n si t i o n o f t he fo rm u la u s e d by t he m y s ta
” “ ”
g o gu e a t t he o pen i n
g of t he M ysteri es ( D i vin
g L e ga t i o n , p .

7 Ihv a e i n m y p o ss e ssi o n a c op y of Khu n ra t h s

’ “
Am phi
”
t he a t r u m S a pi e n t i ae fEt e rn ae . It c on ta in s a c u ri o u s n u m b e r o f

s ym b o li c a l Ro si c ru c i a n c ha r t s . A rem a r k a bl e one de p i c t s t he
o rt a l s o f a i n tic su b t e rra n e a n ssa a nd u pon st o n e
p gg a pa g e, a

o v er t he ga t e w a y a re t h e w o rds, P rocu l hi n c A beste P rof a n i i . e .

,

“ ”
Fro m he n c e de pa r t ye pro fa n e (u n i n i t i a t e d) o n e s ! Thi s

pr o v es y v
t o a n o n e c o n e r sa n t w i t h t hi s su b e c t , t he M st e ri e s j y
bl y t h My st e ri e s (Vi rgil s S i xt h B k)
’
a nd p ro b a e Ele u si n i a n oo

w e re i m pli e d b e hi n d t he se w ords . It i s n ot dif fi c u lt to se e in

t he se c re c y a nd bro t he rho o d o f s o c i e t i e s, li k e t he Ro si c ru c i a n s,

t he on l y sa fe t y fro m t he p e r se c u t i o n of t he Ra ven , or Pa pa l

p o w e r , e
x i st e d .

WE AP ON SALVE -
.

Ba con w ri t e s It i s c o n st a n t l y r e c e i v e d a n d a v o u c he d tha t the

a n oi n ti n g o f the wea p on tha t ma keth the woun d w i ll he a l t he w o u n d

i t s e lf (C en tu r y x .
,
9 9 8, “
Na t u ra l Hi st o ry
“
We sm i l e a t the s ymp a thy of t h e w e a po n sa l e v
bu t w e m u st n o t for
-

g et t h a t t his oc cu lt po w er w a s v
t h e re c e i e d phi l o s o ph y o f t h e da y s o f o u r
Ro si c ru si a n W ho. o f t h e s ym pa t h e t i c
h a s n o t h e a rd p o w der o f Si r Ke n e l m
D i gb y , b y w hi c h t h e b l o o dy g a rt er o f a m e s H o we ll w a s c u re d, a n d c o n s e J
u en t l y i t s pl e a sa n t o w n e r, w i t h ou t hi s o wn k n o wl e d e ? o r o f t he sy m p a
‘
q g
32 4 R O S I C R UGI A N P A R A L L E L S

A c u ri o u s t ra ct wa s w ri t te n by F lu dd i n re pl y to on e F o st e r,
w ho ha d de c la re d, in a bo o k a tta c ki n
g Fl u dd ,
t ha t t o cu re by “

a
pp lyi n g the sa lve to the wea p on i s m a gic a l a n d u n la u fu l T he t i t l e
.

o f t hi s b o o kw a s,
“
A Spo n g e t o wi p e a w a t he We a po n sa l e y -
v .
”

Flu dd r e pli e d by , “
q
The S u e e z i n g o f P a r so n Fo s t e r s S po n ge ,
’

“
1 63 1 , 4 t o .
(It i s a ls o fo u n d b o u n d up w i t h t he Philo so phi a
M o y sa i c a , pu bli she d 1 638 , G o u dae .
) Flu dd u n de rta k es i n t hi s
re
p l y to a n sw e r in t he a ffi rm a t i v e t hi s q u e st i o n ,
“
An c u ra tic

l a rm a ri u m fic i um si t
v u n e ru m
praest i t a per un gu e n t u m v en e et

i lli c i t a B a con c o n t in u e s :
“
In x
t hi s e pe ri m e n t , u
po n t he

re la tion of m en o f c re di t (t ho u gh m y s e lf a s
y e t a m n o t fu ll i n y
c li n e d v
t o b e li e e i t ) , y o u s ha ll n ote t he p o i n t s fo llo w i n g F i rs t , .

t he o i n t m e n t , w he re w i t h t hi s i s do n e , i s m a de of di v e rs i n gre di
e n t s, w he r e o f t he s t r a n g e st a n d ha rde st t o by , a re the m oss
c om e

dea d ma u n bu ri ed
u
p on the sku ll o f a n ; a n d t he fa t s o f a be a r
a n d a b e a r, ki ll ed i n t he a ct ofg e n e ra ti o n T he se t w o la st . I
c o u ld ea si l y su spe c t to be p re sc r i b e d a s a s t a rt i n
g ho l e ; t ha t i f
t he e x pe ri m e n t p ro v ed n o t, i t m i g ht b e pre t e n de d, t ha t t he b ea s t s
w e re n ot k i ll e d i n t he du e tim e fo r a s fo r t he m e ss, i t i s certa in
n I re la n d, up on sla i n bodi es la id on hea
there i s a f i
great i t qua n ti ty o
p s

u n bu ri ed T he o t he r i n gre di e n t s a re , t he blo o dst o n e i n po w de r a n d

.

s o m e o t he r t hi n gs, w hi c h s e e m t o ha e a v i r t u e t o s t a n c h b lo o d v
a s a lso t he m o ss ha t h . A n d t he de s c ri p t i o n of t he w ho l e oint

m e n t i s t o b e fo u n d i n t he c he m i ca
l di sp e n s a t o r o f Cr o lli u s y .

S e c o n dl y ,
t he sa m e k i n d o f o i n t m e n t a ppli e d to t he hu rt i t se lf
wo r k eth n o t t he e ffe c t , bu t onl y a pp li e d t o t he w ea p o n T hi rdl , . y
( w hi c h I li k e w e ll ) , t he y do v
n o t o b se r e t he c o n fe c t i n
g o f t he
o i n t m e n t u n de r a n y c e rta in c o n st e lla t i o n , w hi c h c o mm o n l yi s t he

e x c u se of m a gi c a l m e di c i n e s, w he n t he y fa i l t ha t t he yw e re n o t

t heti c n e e dl e s
’
of t h e gre a t a u t ho r o f
by whi c h, t ho u g h
‘
V u l ga r E rro rs ,
’

x
s o m e wh a t pe rpl e e d, h e c o n c lu de d t h a t t w o l o e rs m i gh t c o rres po n d i n i s i bl y Y v v
v
a n d, a b o e a ll o ther s, the wa rts of the i ll u s tr i ou s Vcr u l a m , by symp a t hy w i t h

t he la rd whi c h h a d ru bb e d t h e m , w a s t i n g a w a y a s t he l a rd ro t te d w h e n n a i l e d
o n t h e c h a m b e r wi n do w ? L o rd Ba c o n a c qu a i n ts us t ha t It is c o n s ta n t ly
‘

re c e i vd e a nd a v o u c h ed , t h a t the
’
a n oi n t i n g o
“
f the w ea p o n tha t m a keth the w o un d

(D Isra e l i
’ ’

w il l h ea l t h e w o u n d i t se l f s A m e n i t i es of Li t e ra t ur e
 T O B A C ON S
’
WR I T I N G S .
3 5 2

m a de u n de r a fit fig u re o f he a v en . F o u rt hl y ,
it m a y b e ppl i e d
a

to t he w ea po n , t ho u gh t he p a rt y hu rt b e a t a gre a t di s

ta n c e,
”
&c . Is B a con la u ghi n g a t us ? It ha rdl y se e m s so . He
c o n c l u de s : “
L a st l y ,
i t w i ll c u re a b e a st a s w e ll a s a ma n ;
w hi c h I li k e w e ll, b e c a u se it su b e c t e t h
j t he m a t t er t o a n ea s y
t ri a l .

The fa c t B a c o n c o n de sc e n ds to r e c o rd o r di scu ss su c h a su b e c t j
a t a ll i s a sto n i shi n
g i n t he fa c e of hi s de n u n c i a t i o n s e ls e w h e re o f

i m p o s t u re s a n d q ua c k y er . He e v i de n t l y wa s st u d yi ng t he

Ro si c ru c i a n s, fo r Cr o lli u s, a s w e ll a s Flu dd, w a s a m e m be r of t he

fra t e rn i t y . Ra w l e y c o n c lu de s hi s pr e fa c e t hu s : w ill c o n c lu de I
with a n u su a l s
pe e c h of hi s L o rdshi p s , t ha t t hi s w o r o f hi s
’
k
Na tu ra l Hi story i s t he w o rld a s G o d m a de i t , a n d n ot a s m en
ha v e m a de i t —for ,
tha t i t ha th n othi n g o f i m a gi n a ti on .
”
T hi s i s a n

a st o u n di n g a ss e rt i o n , s e e i n
g i t i s fu ll o f e x t ra o rdi n a r m a rv e ls y
m o re o r l e s s of a Ro si c ru c i a n o r Alc he m i c a l n a t u r e It i s m y .

si n c ere c o n v i c t i o n t ha t B a c on s
’ “
Na t u ra l Hi st o ry ,
”
is a n im i ta tion
of Solo m o n
’
s w or k u pon t re e s a nd p l a n t s, h e m e n t i o n s i n t he
“
Ne w A t la n t i s .
”
It i s t he re fo re a Ro si c ru c i a n B ook of Na tu re

pa r exce llen ce, a nd t he fa c t i t i s a lw a y s t o b e fo u n d b o u n d up

wi t h a nd
pu b li she d w i t h t he
wa s Ne w A t la n t i s, o r La n d o f ”

”
t he Ro si cru c i a n s, go e s a l o n g w a y t o w a r ds e n do rsi n g t hi s t he o r y .

The t i t l e pa ge e n gra v i n g i s t ho ro u ghl M a so n i c , a n d i n t o u c h

-
y
wi t h t he C r e a t i o n o f Li ght (G e n e si s) , w i t h t he t w o pilla rs o f t he

L o dg e — J a c hi z a nd B oa z .

In on e of Ro b e r t F lu dd s w o r
’
k s
(
“
De M a c r o c o sm i H i st o ri a
he gi v e s a c ha r t o f Na t u r e e vi d en tl y ta k en fro m A n t i q ity
u . It
i s c i rc u la r, c o n si s ti n g o f c o n c e n t r i c c i rc l e s re pr e s e n t i n g t he n in e

s
phe r e s, t he a n im a l, v e
ge t a bl e , a nd m i n e ra l ki n
g do m s,
wi t h t h e

lobe of t he w o rld fo r c e n t re , w ith a n a p e se a ted u po n it The

g .

ape i s he ld b y a c ha i n a t t a c he d t o t he w ri st , t he o t he r e n d b e i n g
h e ld by a n i m m e n s e fe m a l e g u r e r e p re s e n t i n
g Na t ur e T h e fi .

’
w om a n s g ht w r i st i s a l so b o u n d b
ri
y a c ha i n t o t he t hro n e of

t he Al m i ght y
T hi s, o f c o ur s e , i s a n
. e m bl e m of t he cha i n o f
na tu ra l ca uses, or o f na tu ra l la w de sc e n di n g fro m G o d t o Na t u re ,
32 6 1 30 5 1 0 1? U C I A N P A R A L L E L ?

a nd fro m Na t u re to Ma n . Ab o u t t he fig u re o f t he m o n ky e a re

t he w o rds
’
L ho m m e e st le s i n ge de l a na t ur e .

Thi s i s i n de e d t he Da rw i n t he o r y with v a en
g e a n ce

Bu t m a n , pro u d m a n ,

Dres t i n a li t t l e b ri e f a u t h o ri ty ,
M o st i gn o ra n t of a ss u re d,
’
wha t s he m o s t
H is gla s sy es sen ce l i ke a n a n g ry a p e
Pla y s s u c h fa n ta s t i c t ri c k s b e fo re h i gh h ea v en

As m a k e t he a n gels wee p w ho w i th o u r s pl e e n

Wo u ld a l l t h e m se l v es la u gh m o rta l .

M ea su re fo r M ea su re , a ct 1 1 . se .

I t i s true t ha t t he Ap e i s a m e rr y a nd b o l d b e a st . A n d tha t
t he sa m e hea rt li k e w i se of a n Ap e , a ppli e d t o t he n e c k or hea d,
he lp e t h t he w i t , a nd is go o d fo r t he F a lli n g si ck ness S l yv a

S y l v a ru m ,
”
Ce n t . x .

T hi s i s v er y c u ri o u s , beca u se w e m i ght fe e l i n c li n e d t o b e li e v e

B a c on is n ot s e ri o u s w he n he m a k es t he se a sse r t i o n s, a n d o n ly
a llu di n g t o t he m i n a sp i ri t o f ir o n y .

D Isra e li wr i t e s
’
Thi s Ro sa c ru si a nphilo so phe r se e s fo r m a n k
in na t u re he rs e lf, a nd w a t c he s v
t ha t c r e a t i e p o w e r i n h e r li t t le

m o r ta l m i n ia t u re s . In hi s M o sa i c phi lo so ,
fo u n de d o n t he rst p hy fi
c ha pt e r o f G e n e si s, o u r s e e r, s t a n di n i n t he m i dst o f C ha o s , s e p a
g
ra t e s t he t hre e pri n c i pl e s o f t he c r ea tio n : t he p a lpa ble da r k n e ss

t he m o v em e n t of t he w a t e rs —a t len gth the di vi ne li ght The c o r

p o r e i t y o f a n g e ls a n d de v i ls i s di s t i n gu i she d o n t he pri n c i ple o f

ru ru m et de nsu m , t hi n or t hi c k . An g e li c b e i n gs, t hro u gh t he i r
t ra n sp a re n c y ,
re fl ect t he lu m i n o u s Cr ea t o r ; bu t , e xt e rn a ll yf o rm e d

of t he m o s t sp i r i t u a l pa rt o f w a t e r or a i r, by c o n t ra c t i n g t he i r
va p o r o u s su b t i lt y ,
may
“
v i s i bl a nd y o r a n i c a ll
g t a l w i tyh m a n
”
k .

The de i ls v a re o f a he a vy g ro s s a ir s o S a t a n , t he a p o s t le c a ll e d

t he pri n c e o f a ir ; b u t i n t o u c h t he y a re e x c e ssi v e c o ld, b e ca u se

t he spir i t by w hi c h t he y li v e —a s t hi s p hi lo s o p he r p ro c e e ds t o

de m o n st ra t e — dra w n a n d c o n t ra c t e d i n t o t he c e n t re , t he c i rc um

fe re n c e of di la t e d a i r i n s i c y c o ld Fr o m a n ge ls a n d de m o n s ,
re m a .

t he Ro sa c ru s i a n v
w o u ld a pp ro a c h e e n t o t he Di vi n i t ; ca lc u la t i n g y
t he i n fi i t y by hi
n s
ge o m e t r y ,
he re v ea ls t he na t u re o f t he Di vi n e
 T O B A C ON S
’
WR I TI N G S .
32 7

B ei n
g, a s
‘
a p u re m on a d, i n c lu di n g i n i tself a ll n u m bers .
’
A pa ra
do x i c a l e xp r e s si o n , y
l i n g m o r e i n t he w o r ds t ha n t he i de a , w hi c h
c a ll e d do wn a n a n a t he m a o n t he i m i e t
p o f o u r T he o s o phi st , fo r y
a sc ri bi n l s o ph e r
’
g
‘
c o m p o s i t i o n u n to G o d Th e o c c u l t p hi o .

Wa r de d o ff t hi s p e ril o u s st r o k e .
‘
If I ha v e sa id t ha t G o d i s i n
c om
p o si t i o n , I m ea n it n ot a s a
pa rt c o m p o u n di n g, bu t a s t he

s o le c o m o u n de r,
p i n t he a
p o st o li c st yl e,
“
He i s o v er a ll, a nd in
”
a ll . H detec ts the
e ori gi n o f evi l
’F
i n the u n i on o f the serves ; the sen su a l

f the mo ther of ma n ki n d were first op en ed by the fru i t whi ch

or a n s o
g
bla sted the fu tu re hu m a n r a ce H e b ro o ds o e r t h e m st e r o f li fe . v y y
pro du c t i o n a nd c o rru p t i o n — re e n e ra t io n a nd r e su rr e c t i o n
g
-

O n t he li ght e r t o pi c s o f m o rta l st u di e s he di sp la s i n ge n i o u s c o n y
c e ti on s The t i t l e o f o n e o f hi s t r e a t i se s i s D e Na t u res S i m i a ,
’

p .

or The Ap e f Na tu re
o ,
’
—
tha t i s, A R T a si n gle i m a ge, bu t a
”
f Flu dd)
’ ’
erti le p ri n cip le (D Isra e li s Am e n i t i e s of L i t e ra t u re , .

T H E C H A IN or NAT U RE .

T he cha i n f Na tu re
o ha t h i t s hi gh e st a nd la st li n k fa st e n e d
unto t he fo o t of J up i ter s
’
c ha i r i n he a en , a v s t he l o w e r i s fi xed on
” “
t he e a rt h (T o t h e J u di c i ou s a nd Di sc r e e t Re a de r . M o sa i c a ll
P hil o s o p h y ,
”
Ro b e rt Flu dd,
Co m p a r e B a con :
“
No r n e ed w e w o n de r i f t he ho rn s o f P a n

Th e sa me vi ew ta k e n i n t h e S o n n e t s
x
Th e e p e n se o f spi ri t i n a w a st e o f sh a m e
Is l u st i n a c t i o n a n d t i ll a c t i o n , l u s t

Is pe rj u re d, m ur de rou s , b l o o dy , fu ll o f b l a m e ,
Sa v g xt
a e, e re m e , r u de , c ru e l , n o t t o t ru st ,
b u t de spi se d st ra i gh t ,
’
Enj oy d n o so o n e r

Pa st r e a son h u n t e d, a n d n o s o o n er h a d
h a t e d, a s a sw a ll o w d b a i t
'
P a st re a son

O n pu rpo se l a i d t o m a k e t h e t a k er m a d
M a d i n pu rsu i t a n d i n p o sse ssi o n so
v
H a d, h a i n g , a n d i n qu est t o h a e , e t re m e v x
A bl i ss i n pro o f, a n d p ro e d, a e ry w o e v v
B e fo re , a j o y p ro p o se d b e h i n d, a dre a m .

A ll t hi s t h e w o rld w e l l k n o w s y e t n o n e k n o ws w e ll
T o shu n t h e h e a v en t h a t l e a ds m e n t o t h i s he l l .
(S o n n e t e x xi x . )
 32 8 R O S I C R UGI AN PA R A L L E L S

rea c h e v e n t o t he hea v e n s, se e i n g t ha t t he t ra n sc e n de n ta ls of

na t u re , o r u n i v e rsa l idea s, do i n a ma n n e r rea c h up t o di vi n i t y .

A n d he n c e t he fa m o u s c ha in of Ho m e r (t ha t i s , t he c ha in of

’
na t u ra l ca u se s
) ,
wa s sa id to be f a sten ed to the foo t of J up iter s
thron e
”
(B k oo
“
De A u gm e n t i s,
”
v ol . iv .
, p . 3 22 .
“
P hi l .

Wk s .
,
E .

“ ’
Aga i n : G i v e u n t o fa i t h t he t hi n gs w hi c h a re fa i t h s Fo r .

v
t he he a t he n t he m s e l e s c o n c e de a s m u c h i n t ha t e x c e l le n t a n d

di v i n e fa ble of t he golden c ha in ; na m el y ,
t ha t m en a nd
go ds
w e re n ot ble t o dra w J u pi t e r do w n t o t he ea
a rt h, bu t c o n t ra ri

wi s e , J u pi t e r w a s a ble t o dra w t he m u p to he a v e n (Ib , .

p 34 2 ).

PAN .

Ex a m i n e m u s di li ge n t e r fa b u la s p o e t a ru m e t i n ge n t i a a rca n a

su b ii s i n v e n i e m u s . C u r Pa n
( p er q
u e m u n i e rsa n a t u ra s ivgn i
fi ca t u r ) c a la m i s fi s t u la m
y ri n gi bu s
ex 7 s se u c o m osa it,
p p e r

q ua m ha rm o n i a m du l c e m e didi t , n i si q u ia Spi ri t u s i n t e lle c t u a l i s,

qu i m ov et c oelo s , fa c i t m u si c a m c o rr e sp o n de n t e m i n hi s i n fe ri o ri
bu s . Na m
p er comp osi ti on e ea: 7 fistu li s si gn ifica tu r con gr ega ti o
sep tem orbi u m
p la n eta ru m e t m i ra bi li ip sorum ha rmo n i a i n Ote lo
e t i n terris, ho c e st , u bi c u n qu e na t u ra i lla u n i v e rsa li s s e e x t e n di t

De Na t u rw Arc a n i s ,
”
p 1 8 0,
. T ra c ta t u s
If w e c o m pa r e t he a bo v e pa ssage b y Flu dd wi t h a c o n s fa bl e B ’

of Pa n, w hi c h he gi v es i n t he se c o n d bo o o f t he
“
k
De A u gm e n t i s
”

(p 1 1 5 , .
“
Ad v a n c em e n t,
”
a s o n e o f t he fa b le s o f t he P o e ts ,

w e fin d B a c on t e rm i n g P a n the u n i verse, a nd
gi vi n
g t he sa me
v —t he y i x— i
—
e x pla n a t io n of his pi p e o f se e n r e e ds s r n n c on n e ct on i
wi t h t he se v e n P la n e t s a s F lu dd : “
T he t w o e n gi n e s w hi c h
Pa n b ea rs i n hi s ha n ds, do p o i n t t he o n e a t ha rm o n , t he o t he r y
a t Em pi re ; fo r t he v
pi p e o f se e n r e e ds do t h e i de n t l de m o n v y
st ra t e t he c o n se n t a n d ha rm o n y or di sc o rda nt c o n c o rd o f Na t u r e ,

“
T hi s v is i b l e a n d v
i n i s i b l e fe ll o w shi p of N a t ure i s tha t go l den cha in so
m u ch c o m m e n de d,
”
t h i s i s t he m a
“
rri a ge of h ea
”
ven a n d ri c h es , t h e se a re Pl a to s
'

ri n gs , &c .
(p . 31 , Phi los o phy Re fo rm e d . C ro l l i u s ,
 T O B A C ON S
’
WR I TI N G S .
32 9

or ma n i fe s t e x pi a tion s i n Na t u re ,
w hi c h i s c a u se d by t he m o t i o n
of t he se ven wa
’
n d ri n g st a rs, fo r t he re a re no o t he r e rr o rs o r

ma n i fe st e xpi a t i o n s i n he a v e n sa v e t ho s e of t he se v en P la n ets .
”

B a c on w ri t e s :
“
Pa n
( u t e t n om en i psu m e tia m so n a t ) U n i e rsu m , v
si v e u n i v e r si ta t em Re ru m , r e p resse n t a t et p ro
p o n i t (L i b . II .
,

p 5 2 2,
.
“
De A u gm e n t i s T he rea de r wi ll p e r c e i v e ho w e xa c t ly

B a con
’
r e p e a t s Flu dd s idea s .

“
In t hi s uni v e r sa l su b e c tj t h y f d th t e o un e na ures of a ll pa r
t i c u la rs , a n d t hi s i s si g n ifi d t by t h t m x i m
e o us a a Qu i P roteu m
n ovi t, a dea t P a n a H e w ho i s fa m i li a r w i t h P r o t e u s i s on t he

t hre sho ld of t he k w l dg f P
no Thi P ei th i Ch e o a n .
’
s a n s e r a os, or

M ercu ry, w hi c h xp e d P t ou n m ly t h p t i ls r o e u s, na e ,
e a r cu a r c r ea

t u r e s, c o m m o n ly ll d i di v i d l ; f
ca e P t f m hi m lf
n ua s or a n ra n s o r s se

into a P ro t eu s, th t i i t a ll v i t i s f p i ni t im l
o a a r e es o s e c e s, n o a n a s,

v e
g e ta ble s, a n d mi l f t f th U i
n e ra l N t
s fi t or o u o e n versa a u re , o r rs

m a t t e r, a ll t he s e ha t h t he i r pro p e rt i e s i n hi m
a re m a de , a nd Pa n

C oelu m T e rr ae, p 1 4 6, Va u gha n , Wa i t e s e di t i o n )

” ’
s e lf . .

C o m pa r e
’
a c on s
“
B
Fa b l e o f Pa n
”
a s U n i e rsa l Na t u r e a n d v
C ha os :
“
Pa n, a s t he v y er na m e i m p o r t s, re pr e s e n t s , o r la y e th

o pe n t he world of thi n gs . C o n c e rn i n g hi s g n a l t he r e a r e o n l
o ri
i y
t w o 0 p 1 n 1 0 n s t ha t g o fo r c u rre n t Fo r . e i t he r he c a m e o f M ercu ry,

t ha t i s, t he Word of God, w hi c h t he Ho l yS c ri p t u r e s w i t ho u t a ll
c o n t ro v e rs y a fli rm a nd t he P hi lo so ph e r s su c h a s w e r e t he m o r e

di vi n e sa w or e lse f rom the f

con u sed seeds o f thi n gs . For som e o f t he
Phil o so phe r s he l d t ha t t he se e ds a nd p ri n c i
pl e s of Na t u r e w e re

e v en i n t he su b st a n ce in fi n i t e, he n c e t he o pi n i o n o f s i m i la r pa rt s
p ri mor di a l w a s b ro u ght i n , w hi c h A n a x
go ra s e i t h e r i n
a v e n t ed or

c e l e bra t ed (B k II
oo .
,
“
Ad v a n c em e n t o f L e a r n i n g,
”
p . 1 1 1,
1 6 40)
O f Pr o t e u s B a con w ri t e s, u n de r t he t i t l e ,
“
P ro t e u s or M a t t er
The se n s e o f t hi s fa bl e re la t e s, i t w o u l d se e m , t o t he se c r e t s o f

na t u re a nd t he c o n di t i o n s of m a t t er . Fo r u n de r t he p e r s o n of

P ro t e u s , M a tt e r— t he m o st a n cie n t of a ll t hi n gs, ne xt to God

T hi s i s pro o f of Ba b a l i s t i c t e n de n c i e s
’
a c on s c a .
33° R O S I C R UCI A N P A R A L L E L S

is m ea nt t o be re
p re s e n t e d . A n d he re t he st o r yi s c o m pl e t e ,

a s re
g a r ds Pro t e u s fr e e a nd a t la rge w i t h hi s he rd F or t he .

u ni v e rs e wi t h i t s se v
l sp e c i e s
e ra a c c o rdi n
g t o t he i r o rdi na r fra m e y
a n d s t ru c t u re
,
is y
m e r e l t he fa c e of m a tter u n c o n s t ra in ed a nd a t

li b e rt y wi t h
, its fl k oc of m a t e ri a t e c re a t u re s . Ne v e rt he le ss if
a n
y s ki lf l S
u e rv a n t o f Na t u re sha ll b ri n g fo rc e t o b ea r on m a t t e r,

a n d sha ll vex it a nd dr i v e i t t o e xt re m i t i e s a s w i t h t he p u rpo se of

re du c i n g i t t o n o t hi n
g, t h e n w ill m a t t e r si n c e a n n i hi la t i o n o r t ru e
(
de s t ru c t i o n i s n ot
p o s si ble e x c e pt by t he o m n i po t e n c e of G o d)
fi n di n
g i t se lf i n t h e s e s t ra i t s ,
t u r n a n d t ra n sf o rm i t s e lf i n t o st ra n ge

s ha e
p , p
s a s si n
g fr o m o n e c h a n
g e t o a n o t h e r t i ll i t h a s go n e

t hro u gh t he w ho le c i rc l e a n d fi n i she d t he p e ri o d ; w he n , if t he
fo rc e b e c o n t i n u e d, it r e t u rn s a t la st t o i t se lf
”
( Wi“
s do m of t he

An c ie n ts

O RPH E U S .

So t o si n
g or t o pla y t ha t i n s t e a d o f sto n y ro c k s
y o u c o ul d

dra w p e a rls, i n st e a d o f w ild b e a st s spi ri t s, a n d i n st e a d o f P lu t o

y ou c o u l d s o ft e n t he m i ght p r i n c e s o f t he w o rld
”
y(
“
C o n fe ssi o

Fra t e rn i ta t i s, 1 6 1 5 , p 8 9 , Wa i t e s “
Rea l H i s t o r o f t he Ro s i
.
’
y
c ru c i a n s

H o w i n de e d w a t ha t w o n de rfu l hi lo o hi c a l m u si c of
s p s p
Orp he u s c re a t e d, a ft e r w ho se b e wi t c hi n g so n
g s e v en t he sto n e s

a n d ro c k s da n ce d (R Fl u
. dd , p
1 1 2 ,
T ra c
. t a tu s 1 61 7

C o m pa re B a c on s
’
Orp he u s, o r P hi lo so p h y
Wi sdo m o f t he
”
A n c i e n t s,
S o gre a t w a s t he po w e r a n d a llu r i n g fo rc e o f t hi s ha rm o n y
t ha t he dre w t he w o o ds a n d m o e d t he e r st o n e s t o c o m e a n d v v y
pla ce t he m s e l e s v in a n o rde rl y a nd de c e n t fa shi o n a b o u t hi m .
”

The re fo re t he p o e t
Di d fe i gn t h a t O rph e u s dre w t re e s , s t o n e s , a n d fl o ods
S i n c e n o u gh t so s t o c k i sh , h a rd a n d fu ll o f ra ge ,
Bu t m us i c fo r a t i m e do t h c h a n ge hi s n a t u re
V
.

M e rc ha n t of e n ic e, a c t vi .
)
 T O B A C ON S
’
WR I TI N G S .
33 I

S TRIPE A ND F R I E N DS H I P .

T he a u t ho r t he re fo r e c o n c l u de t h u p o n t he s e gr o u n ds, t ha t i t

i s bu t j u st a n d r e a so n a ble , t o c o n sen t u n to t he o pi n i o n s o f t he

two n ota bl e a nd fa m o u s p hil o so p he rs H e ra c li t u s a n d E m p e do c l e s

t ou c hi n g t hi s p o i n t ,
w he r e o f t h e rst b a t h e xp fi
o se d i t a s a n

i n fa lli bl e m a xi m , Qu a d om n i a fia n t per li te m ci a m i ci ti a m T ha t a ll
t hi n g s a re m a de a n d c o m o se d o f
p S tri fe a nd F ri en dship , tha t i s to
sa y,
o f ha tred a nd love .The la st ha t h p ro n o u n c e d i t fo r a n o ra c l e
of t ru t h, Quo d ea: t l m ti t m i i ti t li t m osi ta si t
qua uor c e e n s,
e ea: a c a e e co p
a n i ma ; t ha t t he so u l i s c o m p o s e d o f fo u r e l e m e n t s, a n d o f p e a c e

M o sa i c a ll Phi lo so p hy
”
o r c o n c o r d, a n d c o n t e n t i o n o r di sc o rd ,

p 1 31 , Ro b e rt F lu dd,
.

B
a c o n w ri t e s S trife a nd F ri en dship i n Na tu re a re the sp u rs o f
M oti on s a nd the Keys of Works (p . 2 03, v ol . V .
,
Wk s .
,
E . a nd

“
In t he si xt y t hi d
-
r a p ho ri sm of t he Fi rst B k oo of t he
‘
No v u m
O rga num ,
’
B a conm en tion s v y
er a pp ro v n i gly t h e p hi lo s o phers of

a n ti q ity
u w ho ta u g ht t hi s p hi lo so ph y of opp osi tes or con tra ri es .

T he
’
st r i fe a nd fri e n dshi p of Em p e do c l e s, H e ra c li t u s do c t ri n e
ho w b o di e s a re re s o l v ed in to t he di ffe r e n t na tu re of fire
”

(Sp e ddi n g) .

C o m pa r e S o n n e t 35
Su c h ci vil w a r i s i n m y L ove a n d H a te,
Th a t I a n a c c e sso ry n e e ds m u s t b e

T o tha t sw e e t t hi e f w h i c h so u rl y ro b s fro m m e .

D Isra e li , de s c rib i n g Flu dd s p hi lo s o ph , w r i t e s :

’
M a n e i st s
’
y “
x
in the p erp etua l opp osi ti on of symp a thi es a n d a n tip a thi es , a n d t he :

C a b a li st i n t he hu m a n fra m e b e he l d t he c o n t e st s of sp i r i t s ,

ben e v o le n t o r m a l i gn , t ro o pi n g on t he fo u r vi e w le ss w i n ds *
w hi c h

w e re t o b e su b m i t t e d t o hi s o c c u lt p o t e n tia li t y (
“
Am e n iti e s of
”
L i t e ra t u re ,
T he e n o rm o u s pa rt Symp a thy a n d A n tip a thy p la in a con y B ’
s

p hil o so ph y m a y b e dili g e n t l y
fo u n d i n hi s “
Na t u ra l H i st o r y .
”

Th e W i t c h es in “
M a cb eth a re qu i t e i n k e e pi n g w i t h t h i s i de a —pe r
so n i fie d e m b l e m s t he m a li g n a n d s pi ri t u a l i n M a c be th c h a ra c t e r—t h e
’
of s

g re y ph a n t om s of hi s o w n so u l b e c k o n i n g hi m on to a b l o o dy c a re er o f c ri m e .
33 2 R OS I C R UC I A N P A R A L L E L S

The re b e m a n y t hi n g s t ha t w o r k u po n t he s piri t of ma n by
”
secre t Symp a thy a nd A n tip a thy (C e n t .
p 2 4 9 , Exp
x .
,
. .

A ga i n :
“
The re a re ma n y a n c ie n t a v
n d re c e i e d t ra di t i o n s a nd

o b se r a v t i o n s t o u c hi n g t he y y
S m pa t h a n d A n t ipa t h o f P la n t s y
(p . 1 1 9, Ce n t . v .
) Se e t he “
y
S m pa t h a n d A n t i pa t h
”
ofy y
“
S o u n ds . All con cords a nd di scords of m u si c a re (no do u b t )
”
sym a
p thi es a n d a n tip a thi es o f s o u n ds E
( p x 2 7 8 , p 7 2 ,
C e n t i ii ,
. . . .

“
Na t u ra l “
T he e x p e ri m e n t o f symp a thy m a y b e

t ra n sfe rre d fro m i n s t ru m e n t s o f s t ri n gs t o o t he r i n s t ru m e n t s o f

”
so u nds
(Ex p . 28 1 ,

T H E G I IN G V or NAM ES .

Tha t i t w a s n ot t ha t pu r e a nd
p ri m i t i v k
e n ow e l dge of

na t u re , by t he li ght w he re o f ma n di d gi ve na mes to o the r crea tu res

“
i n Pa ra di se, &c .
(Li b L .
,
De
Fo r b e ho l d i t w a s n ot t ha t p u re li ght of na t u ra l k n o w le d e ,
g
w h e re b ym a n i n Pa ra di se w a s able to gi ve u n to eve ry li vi n g crea ture
a na me a c cordi n g
*
t o hi s y
pr o pri e t , w hi c h ga v e o c ca s i o n t o t he

fa ll, ”
&c .
,
&c . O f t he I n t e rpre ta tion of Na t u re ,
”
p 2 1 9,
. v ol ii i .
,

“
Phi l . Wks .
,
E . a nd

“
C o m pa r e t he P r e fa ce t o t he Fa m a Fra t e rn i ta t i s, 1 61 4 .

It i s ddre sse d t o t he w i s e a n d u n de rs t a n di n g r e a de r
’
a .

Wi sdo m e (sa y e t h S o lo m o n ) i s a t r ea su re u n t o m e n t ha t n ev e r

fa i le t h, fo r she i s t he bre t h of t he p o w e r of God a nd a n i n he re n c e

fl g f
o wi n
r o m t he
g l or o f t h e Al m i g ht ; y
s he i s t he b ri ht n e ss o f
g y
v
t he e e rla st i n g li ght , t he u n sp o t t e d m i rro r o f t he po w e r o f G o d,

a n d t he i m a
g e o f H i s g o o dn e ss S he t ea c he t h c i vi li t w i t h . y
ri
ght e o u sn e ss a n d st re n g t h, s he k n owe t h t hi n gs o f o ld, a n d c o n

Q u ac l i be t e r o c re a
g t u ra , in c re a ti o n e su a ha b e t qu i bus i ta i n
si g n a c u l a v
ca i n sc ribi tu r, et j
c u u s a c t io n e m o v e tu r, c resc i t e t m u l t i pl i ca t u r, c o rpo ri squ e

figu ra a b a li a c rea t u ra di fle rt H o ru m (i n qu a m ) s i g n a c u l
'

e u s su b s ta n t i a
j et .

o ru m c ogn i t i on e A da m u s c u ili b e t re i c rea t es n om en pro pri u m a t tri b u i t , e t

"
ca rum pro pri e t a t es ta m oc c u l ta s qu a m m a n i fes ta s i n de de pro m s i t Tra c t .

A po l De C ha ra c t e ribu s
. M yst i c is , p 4 4 , Pa rs I
. . . Fl u dd,
 TO B A C ON S
’
WR I TI N G S .
333

j e c t u re t h a ri
ght w ha t i s t o c o m e she k n o w e th t he su b t l e t i e s o f

sp e a c he s a n d c a n e xp ou n d da r e k se n t e n c e s ; she
fo re se e t h si gn e s
a nd w o n de r s, w i t h t he a d v e n t o f s ea so n s a n d tim es Wi t h t hi s
.

t re a su r e wa s ou r fi rst fa t he r Ada m b e fo r e hi s fa ll fu ll yi n du e d
he n c e i t do t h app e a r t ha t a ft e r G o d ha d br o u ght b e for e hi m a ll
t he c re a t u re s o f t he fi
e ld a n d t he fo w l s u n de r t he h e a e n s, he v
ga ve to everyon e o f them thei r p r op er na me, a c cordi n ge to thei r Na tu re
(App e n di x Wa i t e Re a l Hi s t o r y of t he Ro si c ru c i a n s
’

,
s

Dr A bb o t t w ri t e s : S o i m p o r t a n t w e re na m e s, ght t he ri

na m e s, i n di c a t i n g t he e s se n t i a l na t u re s of t he t hi n gs n a m e d, t ha t

to B a con t he r e se e m e d a na t u ra l c on n e ct ion b e t w e e n A da m t he
na m e r, a nd A da m t he ru l e r of c re a t u re s . Whe n fa lle n m a n

s ho u l d be r e st o re d t o hi s pri s t i n e bl e sse dn e ss, he w ld ou re ga in

t he pow er o f ru li n g, by re ga in in g t he po w e r of na m in g
When soever he sha ll be a ble to ca ll the crea tu res by thei r na mes,
he sha ll a ga i n comma n d them
”
B a c on a s a P hilo s o phe r,
”
LXX I .

Essa y s
) .

Bu t i f t hi n gs w e r e w e l l w e i gh e d, a nd t hi s c lo u d o f t ra di t i o n
re m o v e d, we sh ou l d q i k ly fi d t h t
u c n a G o d i s m o re re a dyt i
g veo

t ha n we a re to re c e iv f e, H m d or e a e ma n
(a s i t w e re ) f or Hi s
la
p y fe llow,
t ha t H e m i ght vy su r e a n d e xa m in e Hi s w o r k s
”

A n t hro p o so p hi a T h e o m a gi c a ,
”
p 3 2, Tho m a
. s Va u gha n, Wa i t e s ’

e di t i o n ) .

C o m pa r e B a c on T he glo r o f G o d i s t o y c on c ea l a t hi n g,

bu t t he gl o r o f t he y k i n g Is t o fin d i t o u t a s i f, a c c o r di n
g t o t he
i n n o c e n t p la y of c hi ldren , t he Di vi n e M a j ty es too k de li ght t o
hi de Hi s w o r k s t o t he en d t o ha v e t he m fo u n d ou t a nd a s if
ki n
gs c o u ld n o t o b ta in a
gr e a t e r ho n o u r t ha n t o b e God s p la yfellou s
’
‘

” ”
i n th a t ga m e (p 4 5 , L i b I , A dv a . . . n c em e n t o f Lea rn i n
g,
“
Tho u do st , p e rha p s, de si re t o k n ow w he r e t h e y a re a t t hi s

p r e s e nt ; b e li e v e i t t he y ha v e on e c om m on se p u lc hr e , w ha t wa s

on ce thei r mo ther i s n ow thei r tom b . A ll t hi n g s r e t u rn t o t ha t

p la ce fro m w he n c e t he y ca m e, a nd t ha t m y p la ce is e a rt h . If
334 R O S I C R U GIA N P A R A L L E L S

t ho u ha st b u t l e i su re ru n o v er t he A lp ha be t f Na tu re
o ,

e ver
y letter, I m ea n every p a rti cu la r crm tu re i n her book . W ha t
be c o m e s of
he r gra ss , he r c o i n , he r he rb s, he r flo w e rs ? T ru e
i t i s b o t h m a n a n d b e a st do u s e t he m , b u t t hi s o n ly by t he w a y , .

y
fo r t he r e st n o t t i ll t he c o m e t o e a rt h a ga i n yC oelu m T e rrae
o r, t he M a gi c i a n
’
s Hea v ly en Cha o s,
”
Tho m a s Va u
gha n,
p . 1 28 ,
Wa i t e ) .

Co m pa re :
“
M en se e k t ru t h i n t he i r o wn li t t le w o rld, a n d not

in t he grea t c om m on w o rld, fo r t he y di s da i n t he A lp ha be t of
Na tu re a nd P ri m er B ook of t he D i v i n e k
w o r s, w hi c h i f t he di d y
n ot t he y m i ght p e r c ha n ce by de gre e s , a nd l e i su re a ft e r t he
k n o w l e d e o f si mp le
g le tte rs a n d s e l li n
p g o f syll a bl e s , c om e a t la s t
to d p e rfe c t l the text a
re a y n d volu me
f
o the crea tu res
”
(
“
Ad v a nce
”
m e n t o f L e a rn i n g, p 3 7 , .

C o m pa re

Fi ds t o n gu es i n t re es , books i n the r un n i ng br oo ks,

n

S erm o n s i n st o n e s , a n d goo d i n e e ry t hi n g v .

“
( As Yo u Li k e It .

FO UN DAT I O N S .

In t he g re a t C o n fe ssi o Fra t e rn i t a t i s R . C . a d Eru di t o s

Eu ro p ee o f 1 61 5 , w e re a d
“
No w c o n c e rn i n
g t h e fi rst pa rt , w e ho ld t ha t t he m e di ta t i o n s
of ou r C hri st i a n fa t he r on a j
ll su b e c t s w hi c h fro m t he c re a t i o n o f
t he w o rl d ha ve be e n i n v e n t e d, b ro u ght fo rt h, a nd
p ro a
p ga t e d by

hu m a n i n ge n u i t y ,
t hro u gh G o d s
’
re v e la t i o n , o r t hro u gh t he ser vi ce

of A n ge l s o r s p i ri t s, o r t hro u g h t he
ga c i t o f u n de rsta n di n g, o r sa y
x
t hro u gh t he e p e ri e n c e o f lo n g o b se r a t i o n , a r e s o grea t , t ha t i f v
k
a ll b o o s s ho u l d p e ri sh, a n d b
y G o d
’
s a lm i ht
g su ffe ra n c e a l l y
w ri t i n gs a nd a ll l e a rn i n
g shou ld b e l o st , ye t p o st e ri t w ill b e a bl e y
t he re b yt o la y a n ew fou n da ti on of sci e n ces, a nd to erect a n ew ci ta de l

f
o tru th (W a ite s
’ “
Rea l Hi st o r y of t he Ro si c ru c i a n s,
”

“
I ha d s pe c i a l a nd pri vt
a e con v e rs e wi t h l ea rn ed m en , a t hi n g m o s t
’
l on g d for by a p hys i c i a n t h a t des i re t h c hi e fly t o tu rn o e r t he BOO K O F
”
v
N AT U RE Phi l oso ph y Re fo rm e d, O sw C ro l li u s , p 2 22 , . .
 T O B A C ON S
’
WR I TI N G S .
33 5

Thi s i s su c h t ho ro u ghl yB a c on ia n la n
gua
g e we a re sur p ri s e d

it ha s n ot a t t ra c t e d a tt e n ti o n b e fo re . Fo r e xa m p le , B a con

y
’

“
w ri t e s : T hi s on e wa y re m a i n e t h t ha t t he bu si n e ss b e w ho ll
re—
a t t em t d w i t h b e t t er re p a ra t i o n s, a nd t ha t t he r e b e t hr o u gh
p e p
ou t a n In sta u ra ti on f
o sci en ces a n d a rts, a n d o f a ll hu m a n l e a rn i n g
”
ra i s e d fr o m fou n da ti on s (Fra n c i s Ve ru lu m c o n su lt e d t hu s
soli d ,

Adv a n c e m e n t W e fi n d i n t hi s C o n fe ssi o n
“ ” “ ”
&c .
, ,

t he Ro si c ru c i a ns ho ldi n g ou t to hu m a n it y x e a c tl y t he sa me

p ro m i se of c on q u e st o v er Na t u r e ,
a s B a c on do e s .
“
On w hi c h

wor k th
p e se ro fit
ll t h
so se
go o ds w hi c h Na t u re
w ill fo llo w , t ha t a

y
ha t h di sp e rse d i n e v e r pa rt o f t he e a rt h sha ll a t o ne tim e a n d
a ltoge ther be gi ven you , ta n gua m i n cen tre soli s e t lu n ce C o n fe ssi o
Fra t e rn i t a t i s,
”
1 61 5 , ch . x ii i , p 9 7 , Wa i t e )
. . Thi s i s w ha t t he
e n t i re B a con a n i philo so p hy i s e v e rla st i n gl y pro m i si n g a nd

ho ldi n g fo rt h — v
’
t ha t i s, m a n s do m i n i o n a nd
p o w e r o er a ll
t hi n gs .

NIL NI S I P A RVU LU s .

On e of t he Ro si c r u c i a n do c t ri n e s c o n c e rn i n
g Na t u ra l di sc o e r v y
wa s t ha t m a n m u st b e c o m e fi rst a s a li ttle chi ld, su b m i t t i n
g hi m
”
Va u gha n s Lu m e n de L u m i n e ,
’
self t o b e t a u ght , a n d i n Tho m a s

w e fi n d a p i c t u r e o f a li t t l e c hild, s e a te d i n a n u n de r ro u n d
g
ca v e or v a u lt ,
p l a i n
g y
w i t h p e a r l s,
a n d gu a rdi n g a t re a su r e w i t h
t he m o t t o ,
“
Ni l n i si p a rvu lu s ”
a c o n r e e a t s t hi s i de a
p . B
t hu s :

All t he s e y
ido l s a re s o le m n l a n d fo r e v e r t o b e r e n o u n c e d, a n d
t he u n de rs t a n di n g m u st b e t ho r o u ghl y c l e a re d a nd
p u rg e d o f
t he m fo r t he ki n gdo m o f ma n, w hi c h i s fo u n de d i n t he sc i e n c e s,

ca n n ot be e n t e re d o t he r wi se t ha n t he ki n
gdo m of G o d— t ha t i s,
” “
i n t he c o n di t i o n of a li ttle chi ld . L e t m e n l e a rn t hi s, a nd be
c o m i n g c hi ldre n a g i a
n, a nd i nfa n ts, n o t sc o rn t o ta k e A B C
E x p Hi s t o r
. y
M en se ek t ru t h i n t h e i r own l i t t l e w o rld, a n d n ot i n t h e gre a t c o m m o n
w o rld, fo r t h e y di sda i n the A lp ha bet of Na tu re , a n d P r i m er B oo k o f t he

D i v i n e w o rk s
“
v "
( A d a n c e m e n t o f Le a rn i n g , p 1 7 , .
3 36 R O S /C R U CI A N P A R A L L E L S

S EA L S .

A n o t he r fa v o u ri t e s i m i le of t he Ro si c ru c i a n s i s t he Pla t o n i c
m e ta p ho r t o e xp re ss t he pa rt i c i pa t i o n o f ide a wi t h m a t t e r, a s
s ea l a nd i m pre ss or p ri n t . Pla t o u s e s t hi s e pre s si o n w i t h re ga rd x
t o t he s ta mp of a di e o r se a l u po n wa x . We fi n d J a c o b Bce hm e n
wo r in g k ou t t hi s i dea u n de r t he t i t le Si gn a t u ra r e ru m .
”

B a con w ri t e s :
“
Ce rt a i n i t i s t ha t Veri ta s a nd Bon i ta s diffe r, b u t
a s t he sea l a nd the p ri n t .
”
In t he Thi rd B k oo of t he
“
De A u g
m e n t is
”
Ne i t he r a re a ll t he s e w he r e o f w e ha v e k
s o en a n d
p
o t he rs o f li k e na t u r e m e re s i m i li t u de s , a s m en o f n a rro w o b s e r a v
tion m a y p e rc ha n ce c on c ei v e, bu t on e a n d t he v y er sa m e fo o t
s t e p s a n d sea ls o f na tu re , p ri n t e d u p o n sev e ra l j
su b e c t s o r m a t t e rs .

pl y
”
T hi s i m a ge i s c o n sp i c u o u s a l so i n t he a s a n d so n n e t s .

Sh e c a r ed v t he e fo r h e r sea t, a nd m ea nt t he re b y
T hou s h ou l ds t pri n t m o re , n or l e t t ha t c op y di e .
(S o n n e t

Wa t s
'

T hi s i s pro m i n e n t i n t he p re fa ce by t o P ri n c e C ha r le s ,
“ ” “
p r e fa c i n
g hi s t ra n sla t i o n o f t he D e A u gm e n t i s : Ye t wi t h
tl a u se h e a c t e d b o t h t he s e hi h pa rt s o f t he e a t e st
g rea pp a g g r

s c ho la r a n d t he grea t e st sta t e sm a n of hi s t i m e : a n d so q ui t hi m
s e lf i n b o t h, a s one a nd t he sa m e p e rso n , i n t i t le a n d m e ri t ,
b e c a m e L o rd Ke e pe r of t he G re a t S ea l of En gla n d, a n d of t he

Grea t S ea l of Na tu re ] L
bot h a t on ce, w hi c h i s a m y s t e ry b e y on d t he

c o m p r e he n si o n o f hi s own t i m e s, a nd a m i ra c le re q u i re s a
gre a t

m ea su r e o f fa i t h i n P o st e ri t yt o b e li e v e it .
”
B a co n w ri t e s a t t he
“
t e rm i n a t i o n of hi s Di st ri bu t i o n P re fa ce : F o r G o d de fe n d t ha t

T he e m pre ss se n ds i t t h ee t h y sta mp , t h y sea l .

T i t u s A n dro n i c u s, a ct iv . se .

B ce h m e n b orro w e d fro m Fl u dd s w o rk s e n t ir e ly
’
.

1 Ca m pa n e ll a w ri t e s :
'
H i e a u t e m m o du s v a ri u s n a s c i tu r e x m is t ura a c

ca s t i ga tion e c o n t ra r i o r um a c t i o n e s a d v e rs a s e de n t ib u s , qu ib u s De u s Be n e di c t us
do n a v i t a ge n t e s c a u s a s , u t i n st ru m e n t s e sse n t a d i m pri m e n dn m i n m a t e ri a
va ri o s Ide ae p ri m es m o de s qu o i n c n n c t i s re bu s ej u s B o n i ta s e lu c e sca t .
Q u od
fo rt e s ol n o n i n t e ll i gi t n e qu e t e l l u s S e d i ll e s o l e m i gn e m qu e fa c e re
. cu
pi t :

hee c v e ro t e rr a m . Ita qu e de b i l i ta n t u r, a c resp ro du c n n t pro i n de m i s ta s

I
,

fo rm a ta s pri m ae de as figu ri s , c u j u s o rga n a s n n t p r i m a qu c s i gi l la De S e n s u

”
Re ru m , p 3, .
 T O B A C ON S
’
WR I TI N G S .
33 7

we s hou ld
p u b l i sh t he a ir yd re a ms o f o ur o wn fa nc yf or t he rea l
ide a s of t he w o rld . Bu t ra t her m a y he b e so gra c i o u sl pro y
i t i
p ou s un to us t ha t w e m a y wri t e t he A p o c a y
l p se a n d t ru e
vi si o n of the i mp ressi on s a nd si gn ets of t he Cre a t o r u po n t he
” “
c re a tur e(p 38 ,
1 6 4
. 0,
A dv a n c em en t

“
y
Bu t c e rt a i n l w e s e t t he sta mp s a nd sea ls
"
o f o u r o wn i m a ge s
u po n G od s
’
c re a t u re s
”
(fE xp
‘
. H i st o r y
It i s w e ll w o rt h y a ttention t he Ro si c ru c ia ns
pro fe sse d (o r
ra t he r fu rn i sh e i de n c e i n v t he i r w ri t i n gs) k n o w l e d e w hi c h i n
g
t he se da y s we sho u l d c a ll M a so n i c . It se em s hi ghl yp r o ba ble t he
M y s t e ri e s
( p a rt i c u la rl t h e S i y
t h oo o f Vi rg il a s a x B k n ex
p o n en t

of t ho s e c a ll e d b
y A n ti u it t h q y
e Ele u si n i a n
) fo rm e d on e so u r c e

of t he i r he rm e t i c kl dg e
n ow e Khu n ra t h gi e s a s t i t l e pa ge e n
. v -

g ra vi n g t o hi s A m phi t he a t ru m Sa pi e n t i ae IE t e rn ae, a p o rt ra i t o f
t w o p i lla rs
( ft
a e r t h e e x a c t st yl e of B a con s
’
t i t l e p a ge
-
e n g ra v i n g,

1 640, Ad v a n c em e n t su rm ou n t e d wi t h S u n a nd Moon , in
e v i de n t l yM a so n i c s ym b o li sm . Up o n a n o t he r e n
gra vi n g w e fi n d
p i c t u r e d t he e n t ra n c e to a hu ge su b t e rra n ea n
pa ssa ge , w i t h t he
w o r ds fro m t he M y s t e ri e s a t t a c he d ,
P r o c u l, Pr o c u l e st e pro fa n o s .
”

“
T he se w o rds a re t o be re fou n d in t he Chy m i ca l M a rri a ge o f
C hri st i a n Ro sy c ro ss, a nd a s bo t h t he se w o r k s a re
pe rfe c t e x
a m pl e s o f Ro si c ru c i a n li t e ra t u re , t he re ca n be li t t le do u bt , p ro
fou n d a c q ua i n t a n c e shi pw i t h t he M y st e ri e s o f a q y
n ti ui t wa s o n e
of t he se c re t s o f t he S o c i e t y . No w it is v y er c u ri o u s t o fin d
B a c o n e v i de n t l yp o s se ss e d a n d sa t u ra t e d w i t h t hi s sort of kn o w
l e dge , whi c h ha s to a l a rg e e xt e n t e n t e re d i n t o t he st yl e i n w hi c h
t he P re fa c es o f t he I n sta u ra t ion pe n n ed
a re .

Mr Wa i t e w ri t e s :
“
In t he t hi rd pla c e , t he Ro si c ru c i a n ma ni
fe st o e s i n t he do c t ri n e of t he Si gna tu ra reru m, w hi c h
c o n ta a
ga i n i s
o ri gi n T hi s i s t he m a gi ca l wr i t i n g
’
of Pa ra c e l si a n
‘
. r e fe rre d

“
T he se c h a ra c t e rs a n d l e t t ers, a s G o d h a t h h ere a n d t h e re i n c orp o ra t e d
t h e m i n t h e S a c re d S c ri pt u res , so h a t h H e i mp r i n ted them m ost m a n ifestly o n
the w on derf u l w or k of cr ea ti on , o n the hea vens , the ea r th, a n d on a l l bea sts, s o
t ha t a s t h e m a t h e m a t i c i a n pre di c t s e c l i ps e s, s o w e pre di c t t h e o b sc ura t i o n s
o f t h e Chu rc h , a n d h o w l o n g t h e y sh a ll l a s t C o n fe ssi on o f t he Ro si c ru c i a n
F ra t e rn i t y
 33 8 R O SI C R U C I A N P A R A L L E L S

t o i n t he ‘
Fa m a ,
’
a nd t he m y st i c c ha ra c t e rs of t ha t
‘
B k oo of

Na t u re ’
w hi c h, a c c o rdi n g to t he
‘
Co n fe s si o ,
’
sta n ds o pe n
‘
fo r
a ll e y e s,
’
bu t ‘
ca n be r ea d or u n de rs t o o d by onl y a v er yfw e .
’

The se c ha ra c te rs a re the sea l o f God i mp ri n ted ‘

on t h e w o n de rfu l

w or k o f c rea ti o n , on t he hea v e n s, t he ea rt h, a n d on a ll b ea sts .

’

’
Thi s ‘
si gna tu re of thin gs is de sc ri be d by Pa ra c e lsu s a s a ‘

c e rt a in or
g a n ic v i ta l a c t i vi t y ,
’
w hi c h i s fre u e n t l
‘
q
e xp r e sse d y
e v en i n t he e x t e ri o r fo rm of t hi n gs a nd by o b s e rv i n
g t ha t fo rm

w e m a y l ea rn s o m e t hi n g in re
g a rd to t he i r i n t e ri o r q ua li t i e s ,
e v en w i t ho u t u si n
g our i n t e ri o r si ght . We se e t ha t t he i n t e rna l

c ha ra c t e r o f a ma n is o ft e n e x pre ss e d i n hi s e xt e ri o r a pp ea ra n c e ,

ev en i n t he m a n n er of k
hi s w a l i n g a n d i n t he so u n d o f hi s o i c e v .

Li k e wi se t he hi dde n c ha ra c t e r o f t hi n s i s t o a
g c e rta i n e t e n t x
ex
p re sse d i n t he i r o u t w a rd fo rm s . As lo n g a s ma n re m a in ed in
a na t u ra l s ta t e , he r e c o gn i s e d t he si gn a t ur e s o f t hi n gs a nd k n ew

t he i r t ru e c ha ra c t e r b u t t he m o re he di v e rge d fro m t he pa t h of

Na t u re ,
a nd t he m o r e hi s m i n d b e c a m e ca pt i v a ted by i llu s i v e
’
e x t e rna l a pp ea r a n c e s, t he m o re t hi s p o w e r b e ca m e l ost . The
sa m e do c t ri n e i s de v e l o p e d by t he m o st di s t i n gu i she d di sc i ple of

Pa ra c e l su s, t he Ke n t i sh Ro si c ru c i a n Ro b e rt Flu dd ,
. Th e r e a re

o t he r i n vi si bl e wri t i n gs, se c re t l y i m pre s s e d on t he l ea v es of

Na t u r e s ’
bo o k ,
w hi c h a re n o t t o be re a d o r c o m pre he n ded sa v e

w i t h t he e y e s o f u n de r sta n di n g, b e i n g t ra b y t he Sp i ri t o f t he
c ed

l i vi n g G o d on t he hi dde n fle shly ta b le t s o f o u r o wn hea rt s .

T he se i n t e rn a l a n d sp i ri t u a l c ha ra c t e r s, c o n st i t u t i n g t he i n t e ri o r

wri t i n g, m a y a lso t o t h e b odil y y e es b e t he c a u se a n d o ri

gi n of

t he t hi n gs w hi c h do a
pp ea r .
’
It i s m a f
n i e st ,
’
he a l so re m a r k s,

‘
t ha t t ho se vi vi fic l e t t e rs a n d c ha ra c t e rs i m pre sse d on t he Bi bl e

a nd
f N a ture a nd
*
on t he grea t B ook o ,
w hi c h w e ca ll a rca n e ,

be c a u se t he y a re u n de rs t o o d o n l y by t h e fe w , a re o n e t hi n g, a nd

t ha t t he y
dea d, de st ro i n g l e t t e rs o f t he sa m e bo o k s, w ho s e c o rt ices
Res pu u n t qu a s i Ab e c e da ri u m N a t ures , Pri m u m qu e i n O pe ri bu s
em i n

v
di i n is ty ro c i n i u m ; qu od s i n o n fa c e re n t , po t u i s se n t fo rta sse g ra da t i m e t
s e n si m ,
po s t l i te ra s si m pl i ce s c t de i n c e ps sy lla ba s , a d T a nt u m c t Vo lu m en .

i p su m cr ea
”
tu r a r um e xp di t
e e l e ge n du m a s c e n de re (Li b I. .
, p 21 ,
.
“
De Au g
m e n ti s ,
 T O B A C ON S
’
WR I TI N G S
'

.
339

(Wa i t e s
’
c o n ta i n t he li v i n g a n d spir i t u a l c ha ra c t e r s,
:
a r e a n o t he r

“
Re a l H i st o r y of t he Ro si c r u c i a n s,
”
p .

Co m pa re w ha t Dr A bb o t t wr i t e s of
“
B a con a s a Phi lo so ph e r

(p . 84, I n t ro du c t i o n ,
“
T he si m i la ri t y or a na y
lo g
b e t w e e n di ffe re n t sc i e n c e s i s, a c c o rdi n
g t o B a c o n , n o t a c c i de n t a l
it is a s na t u ra l a nd a s i n e v i t a bl e a s t he r e s e m bla n c e be t w e e n
t he ri pp li n
g su rfa c e of t he se a ,
t he ri pp le -
ma rk e d c l o u ds i n t he
sk
y ,
t he ri pp li n
g li n es on t he s ea -
sa n d, a nd t he hill y ri p pl e s

of a sha t i n g la nd — a ll Na t u re s ’
se a
p e d u n du la of w hi c h a re bu t
-

fo o t pri n t s a s she t r ea ds i n on e fa shi o n on he r v a ri o u s e le m e n t s

fo r these a re n ot on ly si m i li tudes, a s me n of n a rrow observa ti on ma y

con cei ve the m to be, bu t the sa m e footstep s of na tu re, trea di n g or p ri n ti n g
”
up o n severa l j
su b ects or m a tters .

“
T he s e c ha ra c t e rs a nd l e t t e r s, a s G o d ha t h he r e a nd t he r e

i n c o rp o ra t e d t he m i n t he Sa c re d S c ri pt u r e s , so ha t h He i mp ri n ted
them m ost ma f
n i estly on the won derfu l work o f crea ti on , on the hea ven s,
the ea rth, a n d on a ll bea sts, so t ha t a s t he m a t he m a t i c i a e di t
ns
p r c

e c li p s es , so w e pr o gn o st i c a t e t he o b sc u ra tion s of t he Chu rc h, a nd

how l o n g t he y sha l l la st
”
(
“
C o n fe s si o Fra t e rn i ta t i s,
”
1 61 5, p .

9 4, Wa i t e ) .

M A G NA LIA, OR M A RVE L s .

Am o n gst t he c hi e f c ha ra c t e ri st i c s o f t he Ro si c ru c i a n pr e t e n si o n s
w a s t he c la i m t o c u r e di se a se s “
In t hi s , a s w e ll a s i n m a n . y
o t he r r esp e c t s, t he y a pp e a r t o b e fo ll o w e rs of P a ra c e lsu s, w ho m
t he yp ro fe ss to re v e re a s a m e sse n g e r of t he di i n i t v y . Li k e hi m ,
t he yp re t e n d to c u re a ll di se a se s , throu gh fa i th a nd the p ower f
o the
i ma gi n a ti on , t o he a l t he m o st m o r ta l di so r de rs by a t o u c h, o r e v e n
by si m pl y k
lo o i n g a t t he p a t i e n t (
“
T h a u m a t u rgi a , p 3 5 9, .

1 835 )
C o m p a r e t he s e Ro si c ru c i a n e n ds p ro p o s e d by B a c on , —
t hi s

t a bl e b e i n g a lw a
'
y s fo u n d a t t he en d or fo llo w i n g “
T he Ne w
” “ ”
A t la n ti s (o r La nd of t he Ro si c ru c i a n s, a c c o rdi n
g t o J o hn

y
H e do n )
34 0 R O S I C R UCI A N P A R A L L E L S

M a gno li a na tu ra ; p roe cip ue quo a d us us hwma n os .

The P ro lo n ga t i o n of L ife .

T he Re st i t u t i o n of Yo u t h i n so m e De gre e .

T he Re ta rda t i o n of A ge .

T he C u ri n g of Di sea se s c o u n t e d I n c u ra ble .

The Mi t i ga t i o n of Pa i n .

M o re ea s y a nd l e ss l o a t hs o m e P u rgi n gs .

T he i n c rea s i n g o f S t re n g th a n d A c t i i t v y .

The i n c r ea s i n g o f a bi li t t o su ffe r T o rt ure y or Pa i n .

(
“
S l yv a Sy lva ru m .

“
The w o rd M a gna li a i s b o rro w e d fro m Pa ra c e lsu s , a nd is
a n o t he r p r
o o f o f Ro s i c ru c i a n c o n n e c tio n . T he w o r k
s of Pa l
ra c e s u s

a re de sc rib e d a s fo u n d i n C hri st i a n Ro s yC ro ss
’
to m b o r v a u lt .

B a i le yw ri t e s o f t he Ro si c ru c i a ns :
“
T he y p re t e n de d to p rotra ct
the p eri od o
f hu m a life b y m ea n s o f
n c e rt a in n o s t ru m s , a n d e v en

to r estore you th . y
T he pre t e n de d t o k n ow a ll t hi n gs . The y a re

a lso ca lle d t he I v i i bl B
n s e ro t he rs , b e ca us e t he y ha ve m a de no

t h v k pt v v y ”
appea ra n c e , b u a e e t he m s e l es i n cog fo r . se e ra l ea rs

B “
y
( a i le , Di et i n . voce No w it is v er y c u ri o u s t o fin d B a con

set t in o u t c e rt a in c la
i m s t o p ro t ra c t t he p e ri o d o f hu m a n life ,
g
a nd e v en
“
to r e s t o re y
o u t h i n so m e de gre e ,
”
i n u n m i s ta a ble k
la n
gu a ge .

Wi t h re ga rd t o B a c on s
’
do c t ri n e Sp i ri t s, w hi c h pla
of y s su c h a

p ro m i n e n t
pa r t i n hi s “
Hi st o r y o f L i fe a n d De a t h,
”
a n d e ls e

w he r e , w e fi n d P ro fe ss o r Fo w le r w ri t i n g :
“
It m a y b e re m a r e d k
t ha t , t ho u gh B a c on s
’
a ccou n t of
‘
S piri t
’
do e s n o t se e m t o b e
ta k en dir e c t l y ,
a t lea st w i t ho u t c o n si de ra ble m o di fi ca t i o n s, fro m

Thi s pa ge i s t o b e fo u n d a t t he e n d o f Ba c o n s Ne w At la n ti s , a n d ’

c u ri o us l y c a rri e s t h e n u m b e rs 35 , 36 a s pa gi n g , t h ese b e i n g t h e ca ta l o gu e

pla y n u m b e r, a n d fu ll n u m b e r o f pl a ys i n t h e 1 62 3 o li o ,
“
Tro il us a n d F
C re ss i da b e i n g o m i tt e d fro m c a t a l o gu e S y l a S yl va ru m , v ”

S pe ddi n g wri t es — “
Th i s pa ge fo llo w s i n Ne w A tla n t i s i n t h e o ri gin a l
e di t i o n a n d c o n c l u de s t h e o lu m e v .

Th e rea de r wi ll se e , t h a t i n c o n n e c t i n g t h e se stri c t ly Ros i m cc i a n p r eten si o ns

“
Ne w A tla n ti s , we ha ve p ro of tha t J ohn H eydon s
” “ ’
w i th the L a n d of the
" '

Ro si cru ci a ns i s rea l ly a n d n ot f a n c if u l ly B a con s A tl a n t i s .

 T 0 B A C ON S
’
WR I TI N G S .
34 1

Pa ra c e l sus , t he re i s m u c h in com m on b e t w e e n t he sp e cu la ti on s of

t he t w o wr i t e rs on t hi s su b e c tj . 1 ha v e n ot, ho w e v e r, t ho u ght
”
i t w o r t h w hi l e t o p o i n t t hi s o u t i n de t a i l .

T he c ur i n g o f di se a se s c o u n t e d In cu ra ble .

Co m pa re t he Ki n g i n “
A ll s
’
W e ll t ha t E n ds We ll ,
a ct . ii .

se . 3

L a f en . To be re l i n qu i sh t o f t h e Ar t i s t s .

Pa r. So I y b o t h o f G a l e n a n d Pa ra c e l su s
sa .

L af . Of a ll t h e l e a rn e d a n d a u th e n t i c fe ll o w s .

La f . T ha t ga ve hi m ou t I n c u ra bl e .

T H E L IO N s
’
WH E L P .

It i s e vi d en t t he Ro si c ruc i a n s, fro m t he si xt h c ha pt e r o f t he i r

C o n fe ssi o n
”
lo o k ed to so m e v
di i n e e v t
en c on n e ct e d with
“ ”
t he L i on of the Tri be f
o J uda h . Bu t t o t he fa l se a nd t o i m po s

t o rs, a nd t o t ho se w ho se e k o t he r t hi n g s t h e n w i sdo m , w e w i t n e s s

by t h e se pr e se n t s pu bli k e ly , w e c a n n o t b e b e t ra e d u n t o t he m t o y
o ur hur t , n o r b e k
n o w n t o t he m w i t h o u t t he w ill o f G o d, bu t

t he y sha ll c e r ta in ly k
b e pa rt a e r s o f t ha t t e rri bl e c o m m i n a t i o n
s
po k en of in ou r Fa m a , a n d t he i r i m p i o u s de si gn s sha ll fa ll ba c k
u
po n t he i r ow n he a ds, w hi l e o u r t re a su r e s sha ll re m a i n u n
t ou c he d, t ill the Li on sha ll a ri se a nd e x a ct t he m a s hi s ri
ght
r e c ei v e a n d i m pl o y t he m fo r t he e st a bli shm e n t of hi s ki n
g do m
( ch . iv p
. 9,
2 ,
.W a it e
) .

B a c o n w ri t e s
“
The bl e ssi n g of J u da s a nd I ssa c ha r w ill ne v er

m e p e o pl e b e b o t h the Di on
’
m e e t , t ha t t he sa or n a ti on sho u ld s

whelp , a n d a ss b e t w e e n b u r t he n s Of Ki n gdo m s a n d
C o m pa re “
y
C m b eli n e

S ooth [Rea ds] . Whe n a s a l i o n s Wh e l p sh a l l , t o hi m se lf u n k n ow n , w i t h

’

o u t se ek i n g fi n d, a n d b e e m b ra c e d b y a p i e c e o f t e n de r a i r ; a n d w h e n fro m

a sta t e l y c e da r sh a l l b e l o pp e d b ra n c h e s , w hi c h , b e i n g de a d m a n y y e a rs, s ha ll

vv
a fte r r e i e , b e j o i n t e d t o t h e o l d s t o c k , a n d fr e shl y gro w t h e n sh a ll Po s
t hu m u s e n d h i s m i seri e s, B ri t a i n b e fo rt u n a t e a n d fl o u ri sh i n pe a c e a n d
pl e n t y .
34 2 R O S I C R UC I A N P A R A L L E L S

’
T ho u , L e o n a t us , a rt t he l i o n s W he l p
The fi t a n d a pt c o n s t ru c ti o n o f t hy na m e,
Be i n g L e o -
na tu s , do t h i m po rt so m uch .

[ ToCy m be l i n e ] The p i e c e o f te n de r a i r, t hy i rt u o u s da v u gh t e r,

W hi c h w e c a l l m o lli s a e r
”
a nd m o ll i s a e r
We t e rm i t m u li e r w hi c h m ul i e r I di vi n e

Is t hi s m o s t c o n s t a n t w i fe w h o , e e n n o w , v
A n s w e ri n g t h e l e t t e r o f t he o ra c le ,
U n k n o w n t o y o u , u n so u gh t , w e re c l i pp d a bo u t ’

W i th t h is m o st t e n de r a i r .

C ym b e li n e , la s t a c t, la s t s ce n e .
)

The re i s a pa ssa ge i n Ez e i e l s p ro phe c k ’

y wh e re he r e pr e s e n t s

the chu rch a s a lof ty Ceda r Tree, g ro w n fro m a t e n de r t wi g, so t ha t

u n de r it “
s ho u ld dw e ll a ll fo w ls of e v y wi
er n
g ; i n t he sha do w
of t he b ra n c he s t he r e o f sha l l t he y dw e ll .
”

T he c i ta t i o n fo rm s a lm o st t he la st w o rds of t he 1 6 2 3 F o li o .

M a da m e Bl v t ky
a a s w ri t e s B e ho ld t he A ss y ri a n (w hy n ot

A t la n t ea n , I iti t ? )
n a e wa s a ce da r i n Leba n o n; his hei ght
wa s exa lted a bove a ll the trees ; t he c e da rs i n t he ga rde n o f
G od c o u ld n o t hi de hi m , so t ha t a l l t he t re e s o f Ede n
en vi ed hi m
’

(Ez e ki e l xxx i . 3 Thro u gho u t a l l As ia M i n o r,

t he I n i t ia t e s w e re ca lle d t he ‘
t re e s of ri
g ht e o u s n e ss,
’
a nd t he

c e da rs o f L e ba n on , a s a lso w e r e so m e ki n gs of I sra e l . So w e re
t he gre a t a de pt s i n I n di a ,
bu t on l y th e a de pt s of t he l e ft ha nd .

Whe n Vi shn u P u r a n a n a rra t e s t ha t t he

‘
w o rld w a s o v e r ru n-

w i t h t re e s,
’
w hi le t he P ra c he ta sa s , w ho pa sse d
‘
y ea rs o f

a u s t e ri t yi n t he v a st o c e a n ,
’
w e re a bso rb e d i n t he ir de v o t i o n s, t he

a lle go r y re la t e s t o t he A t la n t ea n s , a n d t he a de p t s of t he e a rl y
fi ft h ra c e , t he A r y a ns (
“
The S e c re t D o c t ri n e , p 4 9 4, v ol
. .

T he rea de r w ill se e ho w c u ri o u s i t is to fi n d t hi s a u t ho r con

n ec tin g A tla n ti s wi th the Ceda r of L eba non , a nd t hu s b ri n gi n g

S o lo m o n i n t o t o u c h hi st o ri c a ll y w i th B a con s
’
fa b le of t he Ne w
”
A t la n tis .

In t he li tt le ba n q u et in g -
hou s e i n t he o rc ha rd a t G o rha m bu r y
H o u s e , S t Alba n s, su pp o s e d t o ha v e b e e n bu i lt a b o u t 1 5 65 , a

s i n gu la r s e ri e s of i n sc ri pt i o n s e xi st . F i rs t , t he w a ll s ha v e t he

li be ra l a rt s b ea u t ifu ll y de pi c t e d u
po n t he m , a nd o v er t he m
 T O B A C ON S
’
WR I TI N G S .
34 3

p o r t ra i t s of su c h l e a rn e d m e n a s ha d e x c e ll e d in e a c h, a nd

u n de r t he m v e rse s e xp r e ssi v e of t he b e n e fit s de ri v ed fro m t he

st u d y of t he m

GR AMMA R . Le x s u m s e rm o n i s , l i n gu a ru m re gu l a c e rta
’
.

Qu i di di c i t n u ll a
me n on c aet e ra peta t .

Do NAT U s, L I LLY , SE R VI U S, a n d PRI s e I A N .

*
A RI T HM ET C I . I n g e n i u m e xa c u o n u m ere ru m a rc a n e re c l u do .

di di c i t qu i d di di c i sse
’

Qu i n u m e ro s n e qu i t .

S T IF E LI U S, BU DczU s , PY T H A e e n A s .

LO GI C . v
Di i de m u l t i pli c i s, re s , e x pl a n oqu e la ten t i o
V era e xq i f l
u re a sa a rgu o c u n e ta pre b e .
’

A RI ST O T L RE, o De L PH , PO R P HY Y R , SETO N .

M US I c .
— M i t i ge
‘
m ee rore s e t e c e rb a s le n i o c u ra s
’
G e st i a t u t pl a c i di s m e n s hila ra ta son i s .

A RI AN , T E RP A ND E R , O R P HU E S .

RH E T O RIc Il l d e u c e s pl e n de s c i t gra t i s p ru de n t i a erb i s, v

J mq
.

n i t e t qu i fu i t a n t e ru di s
’
a u e o rn a ta .

C I C E Re , I A SO C R T E S, DE M HN O ST E E S, Q U I N I LLI AN
T .

GEO M ETR Y . C o rpo ra de sc ri b e re ru m e t qu e s i n gu la pa c t o ,

’
A p t e su n t fo rm i s a ppro pri a t e su i s . .

A R C H I M E D E s, E U LI
C D, ST R AB O, A P e L L e NI U s .

A ST RO L GYO . A st re ru m l u s t ra n s c u r su s v e re squ e
’
p o t en t e s
Eli c i e m i r i s fa t a fu t u ra m e di s .

RE G I M N ANU
O O T S, H ALY , C O PP E R NI U C S, PT O L MYE .

DE A MI I I A —In
C T . a m ic e a d m e n e n de m e l i u s e st su c c e ss u m
qu a m fi de m
de c e ss . Om n ia cu m a m i c e de l i be ra se d de i pse , pri u s .

DE A M O RE .
—A m e r i n sa ne a m i c itia i ll i n s a ffec t a s i s t u i s ra tio c a u sa e t ea

se la a m i c i t i a du ra t cu i vi rtu s b a si s e st .

(M Ke n z i e s
“
M a so n i c C y c lo paedi a
‘ ’
.

T he s e a re t he seven li b e ra l Art s a nd Sc i en c e s a s i llu st ra t e d i n

t he F e llo w Cra ft s er S e c o n d De gre e i n M a s o nr y ,
viz : . G ra m m a r,

A R IT H M E T I c .
—Th e s c i e n c e of t h e p re p o rt i o n o f n u m b e rs In t h e l e c t ure .

of t h e de gre e o f G ra n d M a st e r A rc hi t e c t , t h e c a n di da t e i s re m i n de d t ha t a
M a s o n i s c o n t i n u a l l y t o a dd t o hi s k n o w l e dge , ne v er to su btr a c t a n y t hi n g
fro m t h e c h a ra c t e r o f hi s n e i g h b ou r, t o m u ltip ly h i s b e n e
”
vl o en c e, a nd to
di vi de hi s m e a ns with a di s t re ss e d bro t her .
344 R OS I GR U CI A N P A R A L L E L S

Rhe t o ri c , L o gi c , A ri t hm e t i c , G e o m e t r , M u s i c , a n d Ast ro n o m y y .

T hi s i s pro o f t ha t Si r Ni c ho la s a c o n , t he fa t he r o f F ra n c i s B
B a c on , wa s a F re e —
Ma so n .

“
The pre s e rv a t i o n o f t he se Art s a s a pa rt o f t he ri t u a l o f t he
F e llo w Cra ft s De gre e , i s a n o t he r e v ide n c e o f t he a n t i u i t o f
’
-
q y
Fre e m a so n r y . T he se ‘
se v en li be ra l a r t s,
’
a s t he y w e re t he n

fo r t he fi r st tim e ca ll e d, c o n st i t u t e d, in t he ei
ght h c entu r y ,

t he w ho le c i rc e l of t he sci e n c e s . T he fi rs t t hr e e w e re di s
t i n gu i she d by t he t i t le of tri vi u/rn , a nd t hela st fo u r by t ha t
of
qua dri vi u m a n d t o t he i r a c u i si t i o n q t he la b o u r s a n d st u di e s

o f s c ho la rs w e re di re c t e d, w hi le b e o n d t he m y t he y ne v er a t

t e m p t e d t o so a r . M o she i m , sp e a ki n
g of t he st a t e o f li te ra t u re
i n t he e le v en th c en tur y ,
u se s t he fo llo w i n g la n
gu a
ge :
‘
T he
se v e n li b e ra l a rt s, a s t he y w ere n ew st yl e d, w e re ta u ght in
t he grea t e st pa rt o f t he sc ho o l s t ha t w e r e e re c t e d i n t hi s c e n t ur y
fo r t he e du c a ti on of y ou th . T he fir st st a ge of t he s e sc i en c e s

wa s gra m m a r, w hi c h w a s fo llo w e d s u c c e ssi e l b y rhe t o ri c a n d v y

l o gi c .Whe n t he di s c i pl e , ha vi n g le a rn e d t he se b ra n c he s, w hi c h
w e re ge n e ra ll y k n own by t he na me of tri vi u m, e x t e n de d hi s .

a m bi t i o n fur t he r, a nd wa s de si r o u s of n ew i m pr o v em e n t i n t he
s c i e n c e s, he w a s c o n du c t e d sl o w l y th ro u gh t he qua dri vi u m (a r it h
m e t i c , m u si c, ge o m e t r y ,
a n d a st ro n o m y) t o t he v y
er su m m i t of

li t e ra r yfm a e .
’

The o rde rs o f A rchi te ctu re fo llo w u

po n a ll t hi s , a n d i t i s e r v y
st ri ki n
g to fi n d, t ha t a s G e om e tr y i s t he sc i e n c e o n w hi c h
M a so n r y i s fo un de d, Arc hi t e c t u re i s t he a rt fro m w hi c h it
b o rr o w s t he la n gu a ge o f i t s s m b o li c i n st ru c t i o n y
In t he e a rli e r .

a
g es o f t h e O rde r, e e r M v y
a so n w a s e i t he r a n o p era ti e m e c ha n i c v
er a su e ri n t e n di n a rchi tec t, a n d s o m e t hi n m o re t ha n a su e
p g g p r

fi c ia l k
n o w l e d e o f t he pri n c i l e s o f Ar c hi t e c t u r e i s a b s o lu t e l
g p y
e ss e n t i a l t o t he M a so n w ho w o u ld e i t he r u n de r sta n d t he fo rm e r

y
hi st o r of t he In st i t u t ii n or a pp re c i a t e i t s pr e s e n t j
ob e c ts . It
is v y er s t ri kin
g ,
Ba c on i n t he fi rs t
pa rt , o r, a s i t w e re , t he v y er

f oun da ti ons o f hi s I n s ta ura tion ,

”
gi v e s us
( t he fi r st
pa rt ,
v i z .
,
of

t he
“
De A u gm e n t i s,
” “
S c i e n t i a ru m ,
”
or
“
Ad v a n c em en t of
 T O B A C ON S
’
WR I TI N G S .
34 5

L ea rn i n
g, 1 64 0) a t i t le pa ge ,
-
w he re he e n t i t le s hi m se lf t he
A rc hi tect o f the S ci en ces, a nd gi v es u s i n t he m o t t o a t t he fe e t

of t hi s p a ge a fu r t he r hi n t t o Ar i t hm e t i c , G e o m e t r y , or pr o
p o rt i o n , t horo u ghl yM a so n i c i n i ts su
gg e st i o n s

F ra n c i sc i de Ve ru la m i s
A r c hi t e c t u ra S c i e n t i a ru m .

De u s O m n i a
In m e n su ra ,
e t n u m e r o , e t o rdi n e di sp e su i t .

RO S I C RU C I A N C u RIO S ITIE s .

Fo r t hi s w ri t i n g o f ou r
‘
S ylva Sylva ru m
’
is (t o sp e a k p re

p e rl y) n ot Na tu ra l H i story , bu t a hi gh ki n d of Na tu ra l M a gi c . Fo r
it is n ot a de sc ri p t i o n on l y of Na t u r e ,
bu t a b r e a ki n g o f Na t u r e ,

i n to grea t a n d stra n ge works (Exp e ri m e n t 9 3, S l yv a S y lv a ru m

We se e ho w fli es a n d sp i ders, a n d t h e li k e, ge t a S ep u lchre i n

A m ber, m o re du ra bl e t ha n t he m o n u m e n t a n d e m ba lm i n g of a

ki n
g
”
(Ib . x
E p e ri m e n t
“
A l so x
t h e e u da t i o n of Ro c k Di a m o n ds a nd Crysta ls, w hi c h
ha rde n w i t h t i m e : a l s o t he i n du r a t i o n of Rea d A m ber, w hi c h a t

fi rst is a s o ft s u b st a n c e ; a s a pp e a r e t h b y t he fli es a n d sp i ders

w hi c h fo u n d i n i t ; a n d m a n
a re m o r e , b u t w e wi ll sp ea k y o f
”
them di sti n ctly (I b pa ge 2 2 , “
E p e ri m e n t o n. x
“
It i s m a f
n i e st , t ha t F li es, Sp i ders, A n ts, or t he l i k e sm a ll
c rea t u r e s, fa lli n g by c ha n c e in to a mber, or t he G u m s of T re e s ,
a nd so fi n di n g a b u ri a l i n t he m , do n ever a
fter corrup t or rot,

a l t ho u gh t he yb e s o ft a n d t e n de r b o di e s (Ex 2 1 , p 6,
. . H i st o r y
of Li fe a nd

E V E RLA S T IN G L A M Ps .
*

Th e re i s a t ra di t i o n , t ha t L a mp s i n S ep u lchres, w i ll la st
se t

a n i n c r e dib l e t i m e
”
(Ex . 2 4 , p 6, . y
Hi st o r o f Li fe a n d
“
It w i l l b e su ffi c i e n t t o e n u m e ra t e t h e i r b e l i e f i n a s e c re t phil o so ph y ,
v
p e rp e t u a t e d fro m pri m e a l t i m e s, i n e ver bu r n i n g l a mp s , i n v i si on a t a di s
(Wa i t e Re a l H i st o ry
’
ta n ce, &c . s of t h e Ro si c ru c i a n s, p .
34 6 R O S I CR U CI A N P A R A L L E L S

In C e n t u r y iv . B a con
gi v es Ex e ri m e n t s 3 66 t o 3 7 5 ) m u c h
( p
c o n s i de ra tio n to t hi s su b e c t j .
“
A n d t he re a re t ra di t i o n s of

la mps a n d ca n dle s , t ha t ha v e bu rn t a v yl
er on
g t i m e i n ca v es a nd
”
t o m bs

Tho m a s Va u gha n w ri t e s :
“
Ja c ob ma k es a co v t w it h
ena n

La ba n, t ha t a ll t he sp o t t e d a n d b ro w n ca t t le i n hi s fl k h ld
oc s ou

be a s si
g n e d t o hi m fo r hi s w a g e s The ba rga i n i s . no so o n e r

m a de bu t he fi n ds a n a r t t o m u l t i li e hi s o w n c o l ou rs,
p a n d s e n ds

hi s fa t he r i n la w - -
a lm o st a w o o l ga t he ri n g
-
. An d J a ceb too k hi m
r e ds o f la r, a n d o f t he ha se l a n d c he sn u t —
t re e , a n d p ille d
gre e n pe p
w hi t e st ra k es i n t he m , a n d m a de t he w hi t e a pp ea r w hi c h w a s i n
t he re d s a nd he e se t t he r o ds he ha d pi ll e d be fo re t he
w hi c h

fl k
oc s i n t he gu t t e r s, i n t he w a t e ri n g t ro u gh, w he n t he
-
ec s fl k
ca me t o dri n , t ha t t he k
s hou ld y con c ei v e w he n t he y ca m e to

dri n k . An d t he fl k oc s c o n c ei v ed b e fo r e t he r o ds , a n d brou ght

fo rt h ca t t le g ri n -
st ra k e d, s
p e c kl e d, a nd sp o t t e d
’ ”
(
“
M a
gi a

A da m i ca , p 1 03, W a i t e )
. .

S hy . Wh e n J a c ob gra ze d hi s u n c l e L a b a
’
n s sh e e p

J
Th i s a c e h fro m o u r h o l y A b ra m w a s ,
A s hi s w i se m o t h er w ro u gh t i n h is b e ha l f,
Th e t hi rd po ss esso r a y , h e w a s t h e t hi rd
A n t A n d w h a t o f h i m di d h e t a k e i n t e res t ?
.

S hy No , n o t t a k e i n t e re st , n o t , a s y ou w ou ld
. sa y,
Di re c t l y i n t e res t : m a rk w ha t J a c ob di d,
Whe n L a ba n a nd hi m se l f w e re c o m pro m i s e d

Th a t a ll t h e e a n li n gs w h i c h w e re st re a k d a n d p i ed
’

J
S h o u l d fa ll a s a c e b s h i re , t h e e w e s , b e i n g ra n k ,
’

In t he e n d o f a u t u m n tu rn ed t o t h e ra m s ,
A n d, w h e n t h e w o rk o f ge n e ra t i o n w a s
Be t w e e n t h ese w o o ll y bre ede rs i n t h e a c t ,
Th e sk i l fu l sh e ph e rd pe e l d m e c e rt a i n w a n ds
’

A n d, i n t h e do i n g of t he de e d of k i n d,
H e s t u c k t h e m u p b e fo re t h e fu ls o m e e w e s ,
v
W ho t h e n c o n c e i i n g di d i n c a n i n g t i m e
F a ll pa rt i -
c e le u r
’
d l a m bs , a nd t ho se w e re J a cob s
’
.

M erc ha n t of V e n ic e , a ct

T he gre a t En gli sh Ro s i c ru c ia n, Tho m a s Va u gha n (Eu ge n i u s

 T O B A c o zv s
’
WR I TI N G S .
34 7

P hi la le t he s) wri t e s “
Bu t m o s t e x c e lle n t a n d m a gi st e ri a l i s t ha t

o ra c l e of M a rc u s A n t o n i n u s, w ho i n hi s Di s c o u rs e t o hi m se lf,
s
pe a k s i n de e d t hi n gs w o rt h y of hi m se lf . The Na t u r e (sa i t h he )
of t he u ni v e rs e de li ght s n ot in a n
y t hi n
g so m u c h, a s to a lt e r a ll
t hi n gs a nd t he n t o m a k e t he l i k e
ga i n
a . Thi s i s he r t i c k ta c k ,

s he e
p la y s on e gam e , t o b e gi n a n o t he r . T he m a t t e r i s pla c e d
b e fo re he r li k e a p i e c e of wa x , a n d s he e sha p e s i t t o a ll fo rm e s,

a nd fig ures . No w s he e ma k es a b i rd, n ow a b ea st , n ow a flo w e re ,

’
t he n a fro g, a n d she e i s p l e a s d w i t h he r o wn m a gi ca ll pe rfo r
He n c e
’
ma n c e s, a s m en a re w i t h t he i r o w n fa n c i e s . sh e is ca ll d
of O rphe u s, t he m o t he r t ha t m a k es ma n y t hi n gs , a n d o rda in es
s t ra n
g e sha p e s, o r fig u re s (
“
C oelu m T e rrae ; or t he M a gi c i a n
’
s

Hea v l y Ch
en a o s,
”
p 1 28 , W a i t e )
. .

C o m pa re t hi s w i t h t he fo llo wi n g of Sha k e sp e a r e s su pp o se d
’

so n n e t s
:

S O NN E T C X III .

Si n c e I l ft y
e ou , m in e ey e i s i n m y m i n de ,
A n d t ha t w hi c h go e rn es v m e t o go e a b ou t ,
Do t h pa rt hi s fu n c t i o n , a n d i s p a rt l y bl i n d,
S e e m e s se e i n g, b u t e ffe c t u a ll y i s o u t
Fo r i t no fo rm e de l i v e rs t o t h e h e a rt
O f bi rds, fl o w e r o r s ha pe w hi c h i t do t h l a c k
or , ,

O f hi s qu i c k o bj e c t s h a t h t h e m i n d n o pa rt ,

No r hi s own e vi is on
’
h o l ds w ha t i t do t h ca tc h
ru d s t o r
Fo r i f i t see t he g e n t l es t s i gh t ,
Th e m o st sw e e t fa v ou r o r de fo rm e ds t c r e a t u re ,

Th e m o u n t a i n e , or th e seat h e da y , o r n i gh t
,

Th e Cro w or Do v e, i t s ha pe s t h e m t o y o u r fe a t u re .

I p a b l e o f m o re re pl e a t , w i t h y o u ,
n ca

M y m o st t ru e m i n de t hu s m a k e t h m i n e u n t ru e .

T he sa m e Ro si c ru c i a n w ri t e s :
“
Is t he r e a n y t hi g l o st s i n c e
n

t he c re a tion ? Wou ld st ’
t h ou k n ow hi s v y er b e d a n d pi llo w ?
I t i s the ea r th . Ho w m a n y c i ti e s do st t ho u t hi n k ha v e p e ri she d

b y t he sw o r d ? Ho w m a n y by e a rt h u a q k es ? A n d ho w m a n y
by t he de lu g e ? Tho u do s t p e rha ps de si r e t o n o w w he r e t he k y
a re a t t hi s p r e sen t b e li e e i t t he ha e o v
n e c o m m o n s e u lc hre ,
p y v
wha t wa s on ce thei r m other, i s n ew thei r tom b . All t hi n gs re t u rn to
34 8 R O S I C R U C IA N P A R A L L E L S

t ha t p la ce fro m w he n c e t he y ca m e, a nd v y pl
t ha t er a ce is e a rt h
“
( Coe lu m T e rrae ; or t he M a g i c ia n s
’
H ea v ly C h
en a o s,
”
p . 1 28 ,
Wa i t e ) .

“
Co m pa re w i t h t he w o rds i n i t a li c s t hi s pa s sa
ge fro m Ro m e o
a nd J u li e t

Th e ea rt h
’ ’
tha t s na tu r e s m o the r i s he r to m b
Wha t i s he r bu r y i n g gra -
ve tha t i s her w o m b .

(Ac t n . so .

F rom lo n g a nd y B k
’
in t i m a t e st u d of L o rd a co n s wor s, we fe e l

p e rsu a de d he fe lt hi m se lf a di vi n e i n st ru m e n t , a n d a ma n c ha r
g ed

wi t h grea t m e ssa ge t o m a n i n d
a We s e e t hi s hi n t e d a t i n t he k .

fo llo wi n g w o rds —“ F o r a m a t ru m p e t e r o n l , I
do n o t b e gi n y I
t he fi ght ; pe rc ha n c e one of t ho s e o f w ho m Ho m e r

é
" ’

Ko uper e pu x e g 5: 6; 6? i d vopwv
'

x ,
A 7 7 57 uu n xa

(B o o k v
“
IV , p 1 1 7 , A d a n c e m e n t o f L e a r n i n g
. .

’
B k
Thro u g ho u t a c o n s w o r s t he r e a re i n t e r sp e rse d hi n t s a s i f he
wa s e v er k
lo o i n g t o p o st e ri t fo r t he re a li sa t i o n y .
o f so m e di i n ev
v
m o m e n t o r e e n t c o n n e c t e d w i t h hi s la b o u rs . Thi s i s m o s t
a ppa re n t i n t he t i t l e o f o n e o f hi s b oo s o n l pu bli she d a c e n t u r k y y
a ft e r hi s de a t h — “
Va le r i u s T e rm i n u s — by w hi c h so m e e n d o r
fi n a li t y
i s i m p li e d The i n t e rn a l c ha ra c t e r o f t he w o r b ea rs t hi s
. k
“
ou t . Fo r i t de a l s w i t h g u s o f t he fo u r t h
a sca le r e m i n di n

di vi si o n o f t he “
n st a u ra t i o n I “
m i ss i n g, e n t i t l e d S c a la In t e lle c t u s ,

o r m e t ho d o f t he m i n d i n t hi n gs e e m p li ed U n de r t hi s x fi .

se c t i o n i n t he Di s t ri bu t i o n P re fa c e, a re i n t ro du c e d t he T pe s y
a nd Pla t fo rm s of I v n e n tio n , in c e r ta in se le c t e d su b e c t sj w o rt h y
o f re m a r k ,
whi c h w e a re con vi n c ed a llu de t o t he p la y s . l ve
fin d i n Va l e r i u s T e rm i n u s,
”
B a con di sc lo si n g hi s m i n d u po n hi s
t w o m e t ho d s o f p u bli shi n
g . An d w e ca n n o t b e li e v e t hi s w o r k
wa s p u bli she d by a c c i de n t , a nd l e ft i n p ri a t e ha v n ds wi t ho u t

i n st ru c t i o n s, c o n ta ining a s i t do e s su c h v
i ta l p o i n t s . It se e m s to

Fo r c o rru pt i o n i s a re c i pro c a l t o g e n e ra t i o n a n d t he y t w o , a re a sNa t u re

” “
t w o t erm s , b o u n da ri es ; a
or n d t h e g ui de s t o li fe a n d dea t h ( N a t u ra l
H i s t o ry ,
”
C e n t u ry , IV x
E pe ri m e n t 32 8 , p
. .
 T O B A C ON S
’
WR I TI N G S .
34 9

us i t wa s i n t e n t i o n a ll y r e se r v e d, t ha t t hi s p o i n t pu bli shi n g
u po n

p ri v a t el y( o r r e se r v ed to a p ri v a te su c c e ssi o n o f ha n ds) m i ht n o t
g
p re m a t ly
ur e b e m a de k n o wn . T hi s w o r k is a n e x a m pl e of t he

m e t ho d of p u b l i shi n
g i n p o i n t t o i t s o w n re m a r s k “

It i s w e ll w o rt h y a p a ss i ng re m a r t ha t Ro ge r k B a co n
( ho ,
w

w he t her i n a ny wa y c o n n e c t ed w ith Fra n ci s B a con by w a y o f

de sc e n t or n ot, wa s a rem a r k a bl e c ha ra c t e r
) m u s t ha v x
e e e rt e d a

p o w e rfu l in fl u e n c e u po n B a con , i n a sm u c h a s j oin ed t o t he i de n t i t y

of n a m e , Ro ge r B a con wa s a n e xp e ri m e n t a li st a nd di sc o v e r er a ft e r
Fra n c i s B a con s own
’
he a r t ]
L
Ro ge r B a con wa s a F ri a r , a m e m be r

of t he O rde r o f S t Fra n c s, i c om m on l y ca ll e d F ra n c i sc a n s . In
“
Ro m e o a nd J u li e t w e fi n d t w o ho ly F ra n ci sca n F ri a rs i n tro
du ced, vi z .
,
F ri a r La u r e n c e a nd F ri a r J o hn , t he fo rm e r pla yi n
g a
la r ge pa rt a s Ro m e o s c o n fe sso r
’
a n d a ssi s t a n t t o t he l o e rs v . The
r e a ll y
s t ri i n
g p k
a r t i s t ha t F ri a r L a u r e n c e i s i n t r o du c e d a s a n

A l c he m i st o r Ro si c ru c i a n , t ha t i s i f e i de n c e i s a n t hi n g v y . Fo r
e xa m p l e , i n t he t hi r d sc e n e , s e c o n d a c t , w i t h t he fi r st i n t ro du c t i o n
of F ri a r La u re n c e , w e fi n d hi m i m m e di a t e l y i
p u re d
c t a s a he r
b a l i st or bota n i st , c o ll e c t i n g w e e ds a n d fl o w e rs .

The C o n fe s si o F ra t e rn i t a t i s R C a d Eru di t o s E u rO p ae o p e n s t hu s. .

v v
Wha t so e er y o u ha e h e a rd, 0 m ort a l s, c o n c e rn i n g o u r ra t ern i t y by t he F
t r u m p e t s ou n d o f t h e
”
F
a m a R C , do n o t e i th er b e l i e e i t h a st il y , o r w i l fu lly
. . v
su s pe c t it
C o m pa re
L e t t h e bi rd ofl o u de st l a y
On t he so l e Ara bi a n t re e ,
H e ra ld sa d a nd tru mp et b e ,
T o w h o se so u n d c h a s t e w i n gs obe y .

Phoe n i x a nd T u rt l e .

1 Tha t B a
'
con wa s w ell a c qu a i n t e d w i t h t h e w o rk s
h i s n a m esa k e Ro g e r of

It h a s b e e n re m a rk e d o ft e n h o w c l osel y Ba c o n s fo u r i do ls
’
Ba c on is c ert a in .

”
hi n dra n c e s t o k n o w l e dg e o f Ro ger B a c o n s O pu s M a gu s
’
re s e m b l e t h e fou r .

B u t w h e th er t h i s w a s t h e re a l s o u rc e o f i n s pi ra t i o n i s, o f c o u rs e , o n l y con ee j
”
t u re . Bu t i n Th e H i st ory o f Life a n d Dea t h w e fi n d Ba c on h a s b orro w e d
s o m e st o ri e s fro m t h e D e M i ra b e l P o t e s t A r t i s e t Na t urre
. . o f Ro er B a c o n
g .

O n e o f t h e se i s t h e s t ory o f t h e La dy o f Fo rm e re y , o r t he La dy o f t h e W o o d,
w h o , w hil st se e ki n g a w h i t e do e , m e t a fo rest ra n g e r w ho h a d re n e w e d
h i s y o u t h b y m ea n s o f a n o i n t m e n t w hi c h h e h a d s o m e where fo u n d i n t h e
fo rest .
3 50 R OS I C R U C I A N P A R A L L E L ?

SCE N E Il I .
—F r i a r L AU N RE CE S
'
Ce lt .

E nte r F r i a r L AU N RE C E, w i th a ba s ket .

The gre y e y d m o rn s m ile s o n t he fro wn i n g ig h t ,

’
F ri .
-
n

C he c k e ri n g t h e e a s t e rn c l o u ds wi t h s t rea k s o f l i gh t
-

A n d fle c k e d da rk n e ss l i k e a dru n k a rd re e ls
F ro m fo rt h da y
'
s pa t h , a n d T i ta n s fi e ry w he e ls
’

No w e re t he su n v
a d a n c e hi s b u rn in
g e ye ,
c h e e r, a n d n i gh t s da n k de w t o dry ,
’
The da y t o
Im u st u p -
fi ll t hi s o s i e r ca ge o f o u rs ,

N
Vi t h b a l e fu l w e e ds , a nd p re c i o u s -
j ui c e d fl o w e rs .

’ ’
T h e e a rth , t ha t s n a t u re s m o t h e r , i s h e r to m b
W ha t i s h e r b u ry i n g gra v e, t ha t i s h e r w o m b
A n d fro m h e r w o m b c hi ldre n o f di ve rs kin d
We su c ki n g o n he r na t u ra l b o so m fi n d
M a n y fo r m a n y i rt u e s v e x c e ll e n t ,

No n e bu t fo r so m e , a n d y e t a ll di ffe re n t .

0 , m i c kl e i s t h e po w e rfu l gra c e , t h a t l i es
In h e rbs , pla n ts , s t o n es , a n d t h e i r t ru e qu a l i t i es
v
Fo r n ou gh t s o i l e t h a t o n t h e e a rt h do t h l i e , v
Bu t t o t he e a rt h s o m e s pe c i a l go o o e d d t h gi v
No r a u g ht so go o d, b u t , s t ra i n d fro m t ha t fa i r
’
use ,

Re v lt f o s ro m tr u e b i rt h , st u m bl i n g on a bu se
Vi t i t
r ue sel f t u rn s vi ce, b e i n g m i sa ppl i e d
A d vi by a c t i o n di g n i fi ed
’
n c e so m e t i m e s .

W i t hi n t h e i n fa n t ri n d o f t h i s w e a k fl o w e r
Po i so n ha t h re si de n c e , a n d m e d c i n e po w e r
’

F o r t h i s, b e i n g sm e l t , w i t h t ha t pa rt c he e rs ea c h pa rt
B e i n g t a s t e d, sl a ys a ll s e n s es wi t h t h e h ea rt .

T wo s uc h o pp o se d k i n gs e n ca m p t he m st i ll

In m a n a s w e ll a s h e rb s, —gra c e , a n d ru de w il l
A n d, w h e re t h e w o rse r i s pre do m i n a n t ,
Fu l l s o o n t h e c a n k er dea t h e a t s u p t ha t pl a n t .

No w ,
we m a i n ta in t hi s i s a c o m pl e t e p i c t u re of a de a l e r i n
Na t u ra l M a gi c ,
a s w e m e e t t he m o v er a n d o er v g i n e i t he r a s
a a

A lc he m i st s, Ro si c ru c i a n s, o r O c c u lt i s t s of t he M e di ae a l a n d Rev
na i ssa nce p e ri o ds . B a
p t i sta P o rta , i n hi s t rea t i se o n Na t u ra l “

”
M a gi c , e n u m e ra tes a w ho l e c a ta lo gu e o f s e c re t fo rm ul ae fo r pro

du c i n g e x t ra o rdi n a r y e ffe c t s by e m pl o yi n
g t he o c c u lt po w e rs o f
na t u re . E v en t he m a gi c of t he a n cien t Cha ldaea ns wa s bu t a

p ro fou n d k n o w l e dg e of t he po w er of si m pl e s a nd m i n e ra ls .

Stu d y t he l e n gt h yp a s sa ge q u o t e d, a nd i t w i ll b e e vi de n t t he

g ho st l yF ri a r La u re n c e is a s t u de n t i n t hi s Na t u ra l M a gi c .
 T O B A c o zv s
’
WR I TI N G S .
35 1

O , m i c kl e i s t h e po w erfu l gra c e , t h a t l i e s
In he r bs, p la n ts , s t o n e s, a n d t h e i r t ru e qu a l i t i e s .

In m a n a s w e ll a s her bs—gra c e , a n d ru de w i ll .

An d w e se e hi m ga t he ri n g hi s ba l e fu l w e e ds “
i n t he g re y
da w n , b e fo r e t he su n ha s a ri se n , w hi lst t he de w w a s o n t he m , a n

e sse n t i a l t hi n g, w hi c h s ho w s t he a u t ho r s
’
c o m pl e t e k n o w le d e
g
on t hi s p o i n t . We fi n d t hi s re
pea t e d i n
“
y
C m b e li n e b y t he
Q u een

Qu een Whi l e s y e t t h e de w s
.
’
on gr ou n d, ga t h e r t h o se fl o w ers
Ma ke h a st e Wh o h a s t h e n o t e o f t h em ?

(A c t i . se .

It w a s a l wa y s b e fo r e da w n , or du ri n g t he ni
ght ,
t ha t he rb s
w e re ga t he re d fo r m a gi c a l p u rp o se s

In su c h a n i gh t

M e de a g a t h e r d t h e e n c h a n t e d h e rb s
’

Th a t di d re n e w o ld 1Eson .

M e rc h a n t of Ve n i c e .

The Fra n c i sc a n F ri a r, Ro g e r B a c on , in hi s t r e a t i se on t he
Adm i ra bl e F o r c e of A rt a nd Na t u re ,
”
de v o t e s t he fi r st
p a rt o f

hi s w o r kt o na t u ra l fa cts . H e gi v es u s hi n t s
gu n p o w de r, a n d of

p re di c t s t he au se o f st e a m s a r o e ll i n
p p g po w e r The hy dra u .

li c p re ss, t he di vi n g b e ll , a -
n d ka l e ido s c o e
p a r e a l l de sc ri b e d

(
“
Al y
c he m , o r t h e H e rm e t i c P hi l o s o phy
”
) No w Fra n c i s B a co n

i n hi s “
Ne w A t la n t is
”
c om y
pl e t e l pa ra ll e l s a ll t hi s, gi i n g u s v
p re di c t i o n s o f t e l e pho n e s, p ho n o ra
g p h s ,
e l x
p o si v e s u n u e n c ha b l e q
i n w a t e r, t o rp e do e s, a nd a ll so r t s o f in v e n t i o n s rea li s e d si n c e hi s
a
g e . Ma c k en zie, i n hi s “
Ro y a l Ma so n i c C y c l o p ae di a ,
”
e n t ers

Ro ge r B a c on a m o n gst t he li st of Ro si c ru c i a n s, a n d de sc ri be s hi m
t hu s

B ACO N RO G R —A f m
,
F i E a ou s ra n c s c a n fri a r of t he e le v e n t h

c en t y d b li v i t h p hil ph
ur ,
a n a e e er n e
'

o so
’
e r s st o n e a n d in l g
a st r o o y .

He i id t h v i v t d g p wd
s sa o a e n en e un o er b u t t hi s i s do u b t fu l, a s

a re a l so hi s pre t e n si o n s t o b e c o n si de r e d t he o ri gi n a to r o f t e le
sc o p e s a n d sp e c t a c l e s H e m a de a fa m o u s bra z e n he a d w hi c h,
.

a rt uf ll y fit t ed wi t h a c o u st i c a
p pa ra t u s, ga v e fo rt h o ra c l e s .
35 2 £ 0 5 1 03 UCI A N P A R A L L E L S

No w it is a v y er c u ri o u s pa ra lle l t ha t Fri a r La u re n c e is n ot

onl y a Fra n ci sca n fri a r ,

li k e Ro ge r B a con , b u t (i n sc e n e v i . a ct 2)
a llu de s t o Gu np owder

F ri a r La u r en ce . T he se vi o l en t de li gh ts ha v vi
e o l e n t e n ds ,

An d i n thei r tri u m ph di e l ik e fi r e a nd p owder ,

W hi c h , a s t h e y k i ss , c o n su m e .

Ro m e o a nd J u li e t re pe a t e dl y b ri n g i n t he w o rd gho st l y in
con n ec t ion w i t h F ri a r La u re n c e

Rom e o . H e n c e w i ll It m y gho s tly f a t her

o
’
s c e ll ,

H is h e l p t o c ra v e, a n d m y dea r ha p t o t e ll .

(Ac t 11 . sc .

F ri a r La u r en ce . Go a nd pa rdo n s i n w a st t ho u wi t h Ro sa li n e ?
Rom e o . Wi th Ro sa l i n e , m y gho stly f a the r ?

(Ibi d .
, so .

J u li e t . Go o d e v en t o m y gho stl y f
c o n es s or .

(Ac t 11 . se .

Rom e o H o w h a st t h ou th e h e a rt
.

Be i n g a v
di i n e , a ghost ly c o n fes s o r,
lv
’
A si n a b so e r, a n d m y fri e n d pro fess d,
T o m a n gl e m e w i t h t h a t w o rd b a n i sh e d ?

(Ac t i ii . sc .

It i s i n de e d c u ri o u s t o fin d Fri a r La u r e n c e c o n s ta n t l ybi r n
gi n g
i n gu n po w de r i n hi s spe e c he s . H e re i t i s a ga i n
Fri a r L . Thy w i t , t h a t o rn a m en t t o sha
pe a nd lo ve ,
M i s sh a pe n i n t h e
-
c o n du c t o f t h e m b o th ,
Lik e p o wder i n a sk ille ss s o ldi e r s fl a s k ,
’

To s e t a fi re by t hi n e o w n i gn o ra n c e .

(Ac t i ii . so .

A ga i n
A s i f t ha t na me,
Sh o t fro m t he dea dly l e vl
e of a gu n
Di d m u rder h er .

(Ac t iii . sc

v
.

Rom eo . Le t m e h a e
A dra m o f p o i so n su c h so on s pee di n g g ea r -

A s will di s pers e i t se lf t hro u gh a ll t h e e i n s , v

Th a t t h e li fe w ea ry t a k er m a y fa ll dea d
-

A n d t ha t t h e t ru n k m a y b e dis c h a rg d o f bre a t h
’

v
A s i o l e n t l y a s ha s ty p o wde r fi r d
’

’
Do th hu rry f rom the f a ta l ca n n m t s wom b .

(Ac t . v . se .
 T O B A C ON S
’
WR I TI N G S .
353

T H E PE R F E CT NU M B E R 36 .

It i s a rem a r k a bl e c o i n c i de n c e t ha t t he 1 6 2 3 Fo li o , k n ow n

b y t he na me of S ha k e sp e a re , c o n ta in s e x a ct l y t hi t y r -
si x p l a y s,
*

b e c a u se t hi s w a s t he p e rfe c t n u m ber of y
P t ha go ra s The n u m .

b e r O NE w a s t he p o i n t w i t hi n t he c i rc l e , a n d de n o t e d t he c e n t ra l

fi re , or G o d, F O U R r e fe rre d t o t he De i t y ,
fo r i t w a s c o n side r e d

t he n u m ber o f n u m bers . It i s t he fi rst so li d fig u re 5 po i n t b e i n g

a

1, a li n e 2 , a sup er ci es fi 3, a n d a soli d 4 . I t w a s a l s o t he
T ET RA CTY S a Word sa c re d a m o n gst y
t h e P t ha go r e a n s, a n d u se d

a s a m o st so l e m n o a t h, b e c a u se t he y c o n si de re d i t t he ro o t a nd

p ri n c i p l e , t he c a u se a n d ma k er o f a ll t hi n gs . P lu t a r c h i n t e rpr e t s
t hi s w o rd di ffe r e n t l y . He say s i t is ca lle d K oeu og, t he World ,
a nd

therefore n u m ber Thi rty si ze w hi c h

f
re ers to the -
c o n si st s o f t he
fi rst f ou r odd n u m bers, a dde d i n t o t he fi r st
f ou r even on es — t hu s

To t a l 36

(L e c t u re IX .
,
O li v er s
’
S i gn s a nd y
S m b o l s, p 1 99 . .

“
T he T e t ra c ty w s a s n o o t he r t ha n t he G l o ri o u s T e tra gra m m a
t on of t he J e w s . The su m o f all t he pri n c i pl e s o f P t ha go ra s i s y
t hi s . T he M on a d i s t h e pri n c i pl e o f a ll t hi n gs F ro m t h e M o n a d .

ca m e t he i n t erm e di a t e Dua d, a s m a t t er su b e c t e dj t o t he c a u se

M on a d ; fro m t he M on a d a nd t h e i n t e rm e di a t e Du a d, n um b e rs ;

f rom n u m bers, p oi n ts from p oi n ts, li n es from li n es, sup erfi ci es fro m

su p e rfi c i e s , s o li ds ; fro m t h e s e s o l id b o di e s w ho se e l e m e n t s a re

f ou r — fir e , w a t e r, a i r, ea r t h of a ll w hi c h t ra n sm u ta ted a n d t o t a ll y
(S t a n l e y y
“
c ha n g e d t he w o rld c o n si st s ,
H i st o r , Phi l ,
v ol . iii .
,

p p l ,
1.00)
“ ”
T ro i l u s a nd Cr e ssi da i s stra n ge l y o m i tt e d fro m t h e
t a l o gu e o f t h e ca

pl a ys i n t h e 1 623 F ol i o Sh a k e spe a re , — m a ki n g t h e t o t a l n u m b e r 36 T hi s, w e
v
.

a re c o n vi do n e p u rp ose ly t o
n c e d, wa s
_
gi e t w o c i ph e r n u m b e rs, 35 , 36, j u st
a s 5 2 , 53 re pre sen t Sha k e sp e a re m a t h e m a t i c a l l y 1 6 1 6 .

Z
35 4 R O S I C R UGI A N P A R A L L E L S

I he re re -
i n t ro du c e fo r t he b e n e t fi of rea de rs una c q ua in ted
w it h m y w or k ,
B a con , S ha k e sp ea re , a n d t he Ro si c ru c i a n s,
”
tw o

t ity y y
“
J o hn H e do n Vo
’
e x t ra c t s s ho w i n g t he i de n of s a
g e t o t he

La n d of t he Ro si c ru c ia ns
”
wi th B a con s
’ “
Ne w A t la n t is .
”
Li n e
fo r li n e , a nd w o rd a lm o st fo r w o rd, H e do n y re
p ro du c e s fro m
be gi n n i n g t o en d Ba con s
’
n a rra t i ve .
‘

Cri t i c s v
ha e re pl i e d by
ca l li n g J o hn H e do n y a m o u n t e ba n k a nd i m po st o r . The y a re

i gn o ra n t of t he fa ct tha t i dea l Rep u bli c

a n or Utop ia wa s essen ti a lly
a Rosi cru ci a n drea m, e x e m p li e d i n t he fi “
Ci t y of t he S u n
”
by
“
C a m pa n e lla , a n d t he Re i p u bli c ee C hri st i a n o po li ta n se o f t he

Ro si c ru c i a n pro ta go n i st , J o hn Va le n t i n e A n dr ea s W e p o s s e ss a .

c op y
o f b o t h t he la t t e r , a n d t he i r r e s e m bla n c e t o e a c h o t he r i s

str i ki n
g . T he s e U t o pi a s a re p e rfe c t l y in k e e pi n g wi t h t he
Re fo rm a t i o n of So c ie t y ,
t he Re s t o ra t i o n of Kn o w l e dge ,
a n d t he

Re n e w a l Ar t s, w hi c h t he Ro si c ru c i a n s pro p o se d
of The s e w e r e .

a lso B a c o n s e n ds t e st i e d a b u n da n t l
’
fi
t hro u gho u t hi s w o r s y k .

Hi s m i n d w a s ben t on looki n g forwa rd , a nd we m a y se e i n t he

de sc ri p t i o n of t he sc i e n t i fi c ma r v e ls of hi s “
Ne w A t la n t i s,
”

a n tici
p tio n
a of t hi s c e n tu r y .

H nr n o x
’
s
“
V YAG O E TO T HE L AN D
BA c o x
’
s Ne w AT LAN T S I
Ro s rc n u c xa
.

or T HE ss .

Th e m o rro w a ft er o ur t hre e da ye s ,
The m o rro w a ft e r our t hre e da ys
t he re ca m e to us a n ew ma n ,
c loa th ed w ere pa s t , t h e re ca m e t o u s a n e w
in a zure , sa v e t ha t h i s tu rba
"
n wa s m a n t ha t w e h a d n o t se e n b e fo re ,
w h i t e wi t h a sm a ll r ed cr osse a t t he c lo t he d i n b lu e a s t he fo rm e r w a s ,
top . H e ha d a l so a ti ppe t o f fi n e sa v e t ha t hi s t u rba n wa s w hi t e , w i t h
li n n en H e di d be n d t o u s a li tt l e ,
. a s ma l l r ed cr oss o n the top h e ha d
a n d pu t his a rm s b ro a d ; w e sa l u t i n g a lso a t i ppe t of fin e l i n e n . A t hi s
hi m i n a v
e ry l o w l y m a n n e r He . c o m in g i n h e di d b e n d t o us a l i t t le ,
de s i re d t o s pe a k wi t h s o m e fe w o f u s , a nd pu t hi s a rm s a b roa d We o f o u r .

w he re u po n si x o n e l y s t a y e d, a n d t h e pa rt s sa lu t e d h i m i n a e ry l o w ly a n d v
We w e re a ll di s t ri bu t e d a m o n gst t h e Lo rds , bu t ou r o ld Lo rd a nd I
v
,

m o st u n w o rt h y ,
w ere t o ri de e en Ki n g , e a c h o f u s be a ri n g a sn o w
wi t h t he
“
w hi te e nsi gn w i th a Red Cr oss ( Ch e m i c a l M a rri a ge o f C hri s t i a n Ro sy
"
C ro ss ,
T he Ro si c ru c ia n e m b l e m w a s a re d c ross —t he Re d Cross o f t h e Kn i ght
T e m pl a rs , o f w ho m t he y w e re t he di re c t su c c e ss o rs S e e H a rg rea v e .

Je n n i n gs E m bl e m o n t i t l e pa ge o f hi s b o o k ,
.

”
“
The Ros i c ru c i a ns : t he ir
Ri tes a n d M ys t eri es .
 T O B A C ON S
’
WR I TI N G S .
35 5

re s t a v id d th
o e e ro o m He sa id su b m i ssi v e ma n n e r, a s l o o ki n g t h a t
v
.

I a m by of ce fi g o v ern o u r of t hi s fro m h i m w e sh o u ld r e c e i e se n ten c e

h o u se o f s t ra n g e rs , a n d by v oca t i on a of l i fe or de a t h . H e de si re d t o spe a k
C hri st i a n pri e st o f t h e O rde r o f t h e wi th so m e fe w o f u s ; w h ere u p o n s i x
Ro si e Cro ss e , a n d a m c o m e t o o ffer of u s on l y st a y e d ,
a n d the re st a v id d
o e

y ou m y s e rv i c e , a s s t ra n gers a n d t he ro o m . He sa id : I a m by o fl
i ce
c hi e fly a s C h ri s t i a ns The S t a t e h a t h go v e rn o r o f t hi s H o u se of S t ra n ge rs ,
v I
.

v
g i e n y o u li c e n c e t o st a y o n l a n d fo r a nd by oca ti on a m a C h ri s t i a n

t h e spa c e o f si x w e e k s , a n d l e t i t n o t pri e st a n d t h e re fore a m c om e t o yo u

t rou b l e y o u i f y ou r o c c a si o n s a sk to o ffe r y ou m y serv i c e b o t h a s s t ra n

fu rt h e r t i m e , fo r t h e l a w i n t hi s p o i n t n d c h i e fly a s Chri st i a n s Som e
g e rs, a .

is n ot pre c i se . t hi n gs Im y t e ll yo u , w h i c h
a t hi n k I
you w il l n o t b e u n w i ll i n g t o h e a r .

Th e st a v
t e h a t h gi e n y o u l i c e n c e t o
st a y on l a n d fo r t h e Sp a c e o f s i x
w e eks . An d l e t i t t rou bl e y o u i f
n ot

yo u r .
o c c a si on s a sk fu r t h er t i m e , fo r

t h e l a w i n t hi s p o i n t i s n o t pre c i se ;
a nd I
do n o t dou b t b u t m y se lf sh a l l
be a bl e t o i n for y o u su c h fu rt h e r
obt a

tim e a s sh a ll b e c o n e n i en t v .

it

We ha v e so u n d -
h o u se s, w h e re w e We ha v e a l so so u n d h o u se s,
ra c t i s e a n d de m o n st ra t e a ll so u n ds w he re pra c t i s e a n d de m o n st ra t e
we
p
a nd t h e i r g e n era t i o n We h a e h a r . v a l l so u n ds a n d t h e i r
ge n e ra t i o n We .

m on i e s (re a d t h e H a rm o n y o f t h e v
h a e h a rm o n i e s, w h i c h y ou h a e n o t , v
W orld
'

wh i c h yo u ha e n o t , o f
'

v of qu a rt e r so u n ds, a n
-
d l e sser sli de s of

qu a r t e r a n d l e sser ki n de s o f s o u n ds sou n v
ds ; di e rs i n st ru m en t s l i k e w i se
v
di e rs i n st ru m e n t s m u si c k t o y o u
of to y ou u n k n o wn , so m e sw e e t er t ha n
unk n o wn so m e sw e e t e r t h a n a n y y o u a ny y ou h v a; w i t h b e ll s
e a n d ri n gs

h v
,

a e, t o ge t h e r w i t h b el l s a n d ri n g s t ha t a re da i n t y a n d s w e e t . We re

t ha t a re da i n t y a n d sw e e t .
(S e e my pre se n t s m a l l s o u n ds a s grea t a n d
b o ok of
“
Ge om a n c y a n d de e p , l i k e w i s e gre a t so u n ds e t e n u a t e x
We re pre s e n t sm a l l so u n ds a s
gre a t a n d s h a rp We m a k e di ers t re m b
. v
a n
’

d de e p, g re a t sou n ds a s e t e n u a t e x l i n gs a n d w a rbl i n g o f sou n ds, w hi c h

a n d S h a rp e ; w e m a k e di ers t re m b v i n t he i r o ri gi n a l a re e n t i re we re pre

l i n gs a n d w a rbl i n gs o f so u n ds w h i c h se n t a n d i m i t a t e a l l a rt i cul a t e s o u n ds
i n t h e i r o ri gi n e l l a re e n t i re We re . a n d l e t t e rs , a nd t h e o i c es a n d n ot e s v
p re s e n t a n d i m i t a t e a ll a rt i c u l a t e
“
o f b e a st s a n d b i rds W e h a e c erta i n . v
so u n ds a nd l e tt e rs (re a d my Ca b h e l ps, w hi c h s e t t o t h e e a r do fu rt h e r
b a la ,
Art , b y w h i c h M o se s sh o w e d
or t h e h e a ri n g g re a t l y We h a e a lso . v
so m a n y si gn s i n a n d the v
di e rs st ra n ge a n d a rt i fi c i a l e c h o s re
vi o c e s a n d n ot e s o f ma n y b e a st s a nd fle c t i n g t h e vio ce ma n y t im es, a nd a s

b i rds . We ha v e c e r ta i n h e l ps w h i c h , i t w e re t ossi n g i t a n d so m e t h a t gi e v
se t t o the e a r, do fu rt h er t h e h e a ri n g b a ck t h e vi o ce l ou de r t h a n i t c a m e,
gre a t l y . We ha v e st ra n g e a n d a rt i so m e sh ri ll er, a n d so m e de e pe r ; y e a ,
fi c i a ll e c e h o s, re fl e c ti n g th e vio ce so m e re n deri n g t he v o i c e di fferi n
g in
356 R O S I C R U GI A N P A R A L L E L S .

ma n y t im es , a n d, as i t w ere , to i g
s n t h e l e tt e rs or a rt i c ul a te so u n d fro m
v v v v
.

it , so m e t ha t gi e ba c k t he o i ce th a t the y rec e i e. We ha e a ls o

l d
ou th er it m m a nh i ll ca e, so e s r e r, m ea ns to con vy
e s o u n ds in t ru n k s
so m d p e m ee d i g th v i
e r, so e re n r n e o ce a nd pi pe s i n s tra n ge li n es a nd di s
di ff i g i
er n th l tt n ti l e e e rs , or a r cu a r ta n c es

iv
.

sou n d f m th t th y
, ro W a e re ce e . e

h v a l m
e a so t vy d i ea n s o c on e so u n s n

t ru n k s a nd
pi pe s , i n s t ra n g e li n es a nd

di sta n ces .

The s e m a r v e ls s o w o n de rfu ll y r ea li s e d a t t he pre se n t da y i n

t he sp ea ki n
g t u b e , t e le pho n e , p ho n o gra p h, ca n ha rdl yb e ca ll e d
ha pp yg It i s pro ba ble b e t w e e n a c o n s m o t to (a t t a c he d
u e ss e s . B ’

to Nv o u m Or a n u m
g a nd A d a n c e m e n t o f L ea r n i n ,
g
”
v
fro m Da n i e l ( Mu lti
“
pertra n s i bwn t et a u gebi tu r sci e n ti a , M a n y
sha ll go t o a nd fro , a nd k
n o w le dg e sha ll b e i n c r ea se d) , a n d t he se

p ro p h e c i e s or fo re st a lm e n t s of n in eteenth c e n t ur y di sc o v e ri e s ,

t he r e is a c o n n e c ti on po i n tin
g t o t he en d of t he t i m e s . I a m

p e rsu a de d B a con s
’ “
Ne w A t la n tis i s t he m o st ey xt ra o rdi n a r

rea li sa t i o n of v y
m o de r n di sc o er on re c o r d . Ma d m B l v t ky
a e a a s

wr i te s : We a re at th v y l e er c o se o f t he c y c le of 5 000 y f e a rs o

t he p r e s e nt Ar y K li y g ;
a n a u a a nd b e t w e e n t hi s t i m e a nd 1 89 7,
t he r e w i ll be a la rge re n t m a de i n t he Ve i l of Na t u re , a nd

ma t e ri a li st i c sc i e n c e wi ll re c e i v e a dea t h b lo w
”
(
“
The S e c re t
”
Do c t ri n e , v ol i
. .
, p .
 C H AP TER IV

G E NE RAL R EM AR KS .

BACON ,
a m o n gst t he hu m o ur s a n d e rro rs o f L ea g, c la ss e s t he
rn i n
“
o pi n i o n , Tha t of a ll se c t s a n d O pi n i o n s, t he b e st ha t h s t i ll pre
v a i le d .
”
An d he w ri t e s u po n t hi s,
“
F o r Ti m e se em et h t o be of

t he na t u re of a Ri v er, w hi c h c a rri e t h do w n t o us t ha t w hi c h i s
li ght a nd blo w n u p, a n d si n k e t h a n d dro w n e t h, t ha t w hi c h i s
w e i ght y a nd s o lid
(B k oo
p I .
,
. 37 , “
Ad v a n c em e n t Thi s
t ho ro u ghl y a
gre e s wi t h w ha t Sp e ddi n g c o n fe ss e d to ha v i n g
rea li se d, vi z .
,
B a con s
’
b e li e f i n so m e g re a t p r e hi st o ri c p e ri o d, i n
-

w hi c h k n o w le d e
g ha d b e e n gre a t e r a n d m o re u n i v e rsa l The .

c ho i c e by B a c on o f Pla t o s i sla n d o f t he Ne w A t la n t i s fo r hi s
’

i de a l re pu b li c , c a rri e s t hi s b e li e f fu r t he r ou t . B a c on e vi de n t l y
c ho s e t hi s si t e on a c c ou n t of its e xt re m e
pre
-
hi st o ri c c ha ra c t e r,

a nd w i t h t ha t de li gh t i n a n t i t he t i c c o n t ra st s w hi c h he i s so fo n d
o f, pla c es hi s c o ll e g e o f t he si x da y s u po n i t, a nd fo r e st a lls by
sh e e r pow e r of i m a gi n a t i o n t he m a r v e ls o f t he fi
sc i e n t i c fu t u re .

B
’

a c on i s fo n d o f u n i ti n g the old world to the n ew . Thi s i s pro

m i n e n t i n hi s shi p de vi c e , w he re b yh e i m i ta t e s i n t he rea lm o f
sc i e n c e t he vy o a
ge s of C o lu m b u sS o w e m a y a l so
. se e i n hi s
c ho i c e o f t he i sla n d o f t he Ne w A t la n t i s, a s t he s i t e a nd fi e ld o f

m o de rn di sc o v y er ,
t he sa me u n i ti n
g of t he e xt r e m e st a n ti q ity
u
’
w i t h hi s i de a l of ma n s a tta in m en t s o v er na t u r e i n t he fu t u r e .

U n de rn ea t h a ll t hi s li es di m l y i m pl i e d a r e st o ra ti o n of k n ow

l e dge , a r e t u rn i n
g fu l l c i rc l e t o w ha t o n c e he t ho u ht e x i st e d
g .

”
T ho se w ho ha s t u di e d M a da m e Bla v a t sk
y s S e c r e t D o c t ri n e ,
’
ve

w i ll se e ho w t ru l y th e su pp o se d m y th f t h o e su bm e r
ge d i sla n d o f
t he A t l a n ti c is con n ecte d n ot on ly w i t h T ru t h, b u t w i t h se c re t

do c t r i n e s of w hi c h t he Eg p t i a y n P ri e st s ha d e vi d e n tl y som e
 3 58 G E NE R A L R E M A R K S .

k n o w le d e
g . It i s o u r ea rn e s t c o n vi c tio n t ha t B a co n ha d a t t a i n e d
t o e x t ra o rdi n a r y c o m p re h e n si o n o f B ibl e a n d e s o t e ri c , o r w ha t i s

ca lle d he rm e t i c sc i e n c e .
*
We
fi n d t hi s i n t he w a y he wri t e s i n hi s
n ote -
b oo k di spa ra i
g gn l y o f t he G re e s a n d E
g p t i a k
n s ,
a nd
goes y
ba c kt o C ha ldaea i fo r a u t ho ri t y . Ho w a re w e t o e p la x i n hi s s ta te

m e n t i n t he p re fa ce t o t he I n s ta u ra ti o n ,
”
t ha t t he
“
C o m m e rc e
of t he m in d a d o f t hi n gs m i ght by a n y m ea n s b e en ti rely res wred
n

Thi s i s e xa ctl y
t he la n gu a ge u se d i n t he Ro si c ru c i a n m a n ife s t o e s,

1 61 4 . An d it is re m a r k a b le t ha t t he p la n o f t he
c ha ra c t e r a n d

I n st a u ra ti o n i s ha lf di i n e , v a n d bo rro w e d fro m t he si x da s of y
c rea ti o n of G e n e si s . T hi s i s no fa n c i ed t he o r y o f ou rs . He
c lo se s hi s Di st ri bu t i o n P re fa ce w ith a p ra y er W he re fo re if w e
la bo u r w i t h dili g e n c e a n d v i gi la n c e i n t hy w o r s, t ho u w i lt m a e k k
”
us
p a rt i c i a n t s o f t h
p y v i si o n a n d of yth S a bba th 1 T hi s sh o w s, .

c lo si n g a s i t do e s t he si z
e di vi si on s o f the desi gn , t ha t n ot o n l yi s

t he I n st a u ra ti o n
”
c lo s e l yi n t o u c h wi t h t he C o ll e ge of t he si x da ys

or S o lo m o n
’
s H o u se of t he
“
Ne w A t la n t i s,
”
bu t t ha t B a con s
’

s c he m e wa s crea ti ve . T hi s i s v er y st ra n
g e w he n w e re fl ect, ho w
hi s w o r k a
pp ea r s o nl yt o be a s yt
s em of I n du c t i v e Phi lo s o p h y .

No r
is i t , for m o st p a rt , so re ea l e d u n t o u s , w h a t i n A r ts a n d S c i en c es v
v
ha t h b e en di sc o e re d, a n d b ro u gh t t o l i gh t i n di e rse a g es, a n d di ffe re n t v
re gi o n s o f t he w orl d m u c h l e ss w ha t h a t h b e e n e peri m e n t e d, a n d seri o u sl y x
l a b o u re d b y pa rti c u l a r pe rs o n s i n pri a t e fo r n e v i th er the bi r ths n or the a bor
t I v
”
ti ons of ti m e ha ve bee n r egi ster ed (Pre fa c e , G re a n s ta ura ti o n , Ad a nce

m en t ,
”
By “
a bor ti o n s, Ba c on m ea ns pre m a t u re di s c o v eri e s , b e fo re
t i m e wa s ri e
p to a ppre c i a te o r a c c e pt t h e m .

i S pe ddi n g i n
"
his pre fa c e t o t he Re da rgu t i o , fixi n g t h e da te , by m e a ns of

c e rta in e n t ri e s i n Ba
’
c on s n o t e b o ok (C o m m e n ta ri u s S o lu t u s ), vi z . J ul y 2 6t h,
1 608 Di sc ou rsi n g sc o rn fu ll y
t h e phil oso ph y o f t h e G rte c i a n s , wi t h so m e
of

b e t t e r re s pe c t t o t h e E gy p t i a n s, Pe rsi a n s , Cha l de e s, a n d t he u t m o st a n ti qu i ty ,
a n d t h e m y s t e ri e s o f t he
p o e ts (Pre fa c e t o t h e De li n ea t i o e t A rgu m e n t um e t
Re da rg ut i o Phil o so ph i a r um , v o l i ii , Phil \Vk s , S o h e re i s a n i n de pe n
. . . .

de n t pro o f, t ha t Ba c o n w a s c o n t e m pla t i n g e u a ddre ss, t o wh a t he t erm s i n h i s

ne xt entr y F i li os .
”

Qu . o f a n ora ti on a d fi li os ; de l i ght fu l , su b l i m e , a n d mi x d with

e e l e ga n c y ,

ffe c t i on , n o irel ty o f c o n c e i t , a n d se n s ib l e , a n d s u pe rs t i t i o n (I bi d )
a
ye t .

I S p e n ser (R ) vi i i
t , . 2)

Bu t th ll re s t e t e rn a l ly
e n ce fo rt h a ll sha

Wi t h hi m t ha t is t h e G o d o f S a ba oth h i ght
,
’
O t ha t grea t S a ba oth G o d, gra n t m e t ha t S a ba o th s s i gh t .
 G E NE R A L R E M A R K S .
35 9

It i s a
g fe a t u re o f m o st
s t ri ki n of t he Ro si c ru c i a n w ri t e rs of n o t e

ho w fo nd t he a r e o f t he si x y crea ti ve da ys, a s a t he m e o r sc he m e

fo r t he di vi si o n a nd t r e a t m e n t o f t he i r w o r k s . On e of M i c ha e l
Ma ier s
’
c e l e bra t ed w or k s,
“
S e p t i m a n a P hil o s0 phi c a ,
”
i s li k ew i se

v
di i de d i n t o seven p a rts ca lled the da ys . Du B a r ta s
’ “
Di i n e v We e k
is a c o n t e m p o ra r yw k or on t he sa m e m o de l . Ca m pa n e l la
’
s Ci t y
”
B
’

“
of t he Su n is o ft e n fo u n d b o u n d *
w i th At la i
’
up a c on s n t s,

a nd t re a t s of a n i de a l re
pu bli c o r c o m m o n w e a lt h i n li k e ma n n er .

The a u t ho r wa s a w e ll -
a c k n ow e l dg e d Ro si c ru c i a n J o hn Va le n .

tin e A n dre a s w ro t e a w or k e n t i t l e d,
“
Re i pu bli c ee C hri st i a n o p o
li t a n ae -
a n U t o pi a of e xa c t l y si m i la r s ta mp . B urt o n , i n hi s
“
An a t o m y of M e la n c ho l y ,
”
c la s s e s a ll t he s e t hr e e w o r k s t o g e t he r ,

in c on t e xt wi t h t h e Ro si c ru c i a ns . A st r o n g r e li
gi o u s e l em e n t is
c o n s pi c u o u s in a l l t h e s e w ri t i n gs .

It i s a st ri ki n
g p o i nt of t o u c h b e t w e e n t he Ro si c ru c i a ns a n d
B a con ,
t ha t t he y
pp e a l t o n a t u r e by di re c t e x
i n si st e d u po n a

p e r i m e n t , a ft e r t h e i n du c t i e m e t ho d i n si st e d o n b
y t he la t t e r v .

y ’
A st u d o f t he gre a t E n gli sh Ro si c ru c i a n , Ro b e r t Flu dd s w o r s , k
w i ll i n a m o m e n t illu st ra t e t he se po i n t s H e w r o t e a w o r o n t he . k
M o sa i c Co sm o go n y ,
a n d a n o t he r wor k f ll u of e xp e ri m e n t s u o n
p
Na t u ra l S c i e n c e . The Ro si c ru c i a ns too kS o lo m o n fo r t he i r hi s
t o ri c fou n de r a nd p a t ro n . B a con do e s t he sa m e i n t he “
Ne w
A t la n t i s .
”
T ho s e w ho ca n n ot re a li z e or p o ssi bl y o bt a i n a

g li m m e r of m ea i g o u t o f w ha t
n n B a c on m ea ns b
y a restora ti on

f
o kn owledge,
”
m a y b e re fe rr e d t o su c h wor k s a s
“
The P e rfe c t
Wa y ”
a nd
“
C l o t he d i n t h e S u n ,
”
by t he la t e la m e n t e d a n d
e xt ra o rdi n a r y w om a n, An n a Ki n gsfo r d . T he y wi ll fi n d t he re ,

w ha t I ta k e a nd i m a gi n e t o b e t he l i ft i n g of t he v e i l, a n d fo r e
sta lm e n t s of t he s o rt o f i n spi r e d k n o w l e dg e B a c on w a s p r oba bl y
in p o s se ssi o n o f, w hi c h k n ow e l dge i s H e rm e t i c a n d i s a s o ld

a s t he P Eg p t y ra m i ds of y . W e m a y gu e ss i t w a s t hi s s o rt of

w i sdo m (w hi c h st i ll li n ge rs u n de r t he fo ssil ri t u a ls of M a so n r ), y
We p o sse ss a w ork e n t i t l e d, M UN U A LD S TE R ET I M
DE ,
i n w hi c h Ca m
.pa n e ll a
’
s
“
v
Ci i t a s S o l i s, a n d Ba c on s
’
Ne w A t la n t is ,
”
a re t o b e fo u n d si de
b y si de . Th e da t e i s 1 64 3, a nd t h e w o rk a scri b e d t o Bi sh o p H a l l .
 36 0 G E NE R A L R E M A R K S .

t ha t a fi
f li a t e s Ba con s na
’
me a nd hi s “
Ne w A t la i
n t s, wi t h t he
m e et ing i n 1 64 6 a t W a rri n gt o n of a L odge , w he n hi s pil la rs

w e re a do pt e d, a nd fro m w hi c h t he m o de rn bro t he rho od da te

a u t he n t i ca ll y th i e r m o re re c e n t hi st o r y .
*

B a con s
’
e x t re m e p re di le c t i o n fo r q u o tin g S olomon i s on e o f
t he fea t u re s of hi s “
Ad v a n cem en t of L ea rn i n g
”
a n d of

t he “
De A u g m e n t i s T he re a re fo rt y v -
se en c i ta t io n s

fro m t he “
oo o f P ro v e rb s B k in t he 1 6 4 0 T ra ns a l tio n ( se e

I n de x o f
“
Sa c re d A u t ho rs fi ft een fro m E cc lesi a s tes .
”
Thi rt y
fo u r o f t he P a ra bles f Ki n g S olomon
o a re n o t o n l yi n t ro du c e d i n t he
Ei ght h B k oo ,
bu t ea c h is s e pa ra t el y c o m m e n t e d u po n a t c o n si de r

a ble l e n gt h, t a ki n
g up tw en t y -
s i x c o m le t e
p p a
g e s of l e tt e rp r es s !
A gla n c e a t t he ca ta lo g u e of t he Sa c re d A u t hors q u o t e d, wi ll

s ho w t hi s w a s B a con s
’
fa v o u ri t e w ri t e r i n t hi s c la ss o f w i sdo m ,

a nd it is v er y w e ll w o rt h y c o n s ide ra t io n . B a con a
ga i n i n t ro
du c e s S olom on a s t he fo u n de r of hi s C o lle ge o f t he S i x Da y s in
t he
“
Ne w A t la n t i s .
”
S olomon wa s the Bi bli ca l p rota gon ist, or p a tron

of the Rosi cru ci a ns j a nd t he re i s s o m e t hi n g i n t hi s fa c t a ffili a t i n g

T he L o n do n
’
F re e m a so n s a lso bo rr owed m u c h o fthe i r p hr a seo logy f r om
E ssa y, y e t fre s h i n m e n s m i n ds , i n w hi c h , a do pt i n g t h e i dea
’ ’
L or d B a c o ns

H o u se o f Wi sdo m , a t e c hn i ca l t e rm wi t h t he Ara b A s tro lo g ers , h e

’
of t he

p ro po se d t h e fo un da t i o n o f a S o l o m o n s H ouse , o r a lea rn e d c o m m u n i ty
‘ ’ ’

x
de di ca t ed t o e pe ri m e n ta l ph i lo s o ph y a n d t h e a d a n ce m e n t o f sc i e n c e T he s e v .

p hi lo so phi c a n d ro ya l i st pl o t t e rs , i n o rder t o c l oa k t he ir rea l o bj e c t , c o n du c t e d

t he i r pro c e e di n gs a c c ordi n g t o t h e r ul e s la i d do w n t he re i n a n d t hi s c e re m o n i a l
a n d n o m e n c l a t u re t h e y c a re fu l ly m a i n ta i n t o t h e prese n t da y The G n o s ti cs
a n d t he i r Re m a i n s, Ki n g , p .

1 '
O ur ph i l o so ph y a l so i s n o t a n e w i n e n t i o n , b u t a s A da m a ft e r hi s fa ll v
v
rec e i e d i t , a nd a s M oses a n d S o l om on u sed i t, a l s o i t o u h t n o t m u c h t o b e
g
do u b t e d o f, o r co n tr a d i c t e d by o t he r o pi n i o ns o r m ea n i n gs ; b u t s e e i n g the
t ru th i s p ea cea ble , b ri e f, a n d a l wa y s lik e h e rs e l f i n a l l t hi n gs
“
( a ma F
1 6 1 4 , p 8 2 , Wa i t e ) Whe re i n E n o c h , Ab ra ha m ,
”
Fra t e rn i ta t i s , .Aga i n : .

Mos es , x
S o l o m o n , di d e c e l , b u t es pe c i a l ly w he re w i t h t ha t w o n de rfu l b o o k t he
Bi bl e a gre e t h . A ll t ha t sa me c o n c u rre t h t oge t h er, a nd m a ke th a sp he re or

g l o be w ho se to ta l p a r ts a r e equ i di sta n t f r om the ce n t re Ba c o n w ri t es

T hu s h a e w e m a de v a s i t w e re l l glo be of the I n te l lect u a l Wor ld
a sm a (p .

“
De A u gm e n t i s ( J a m i ta qu e m ihi v i de o r c o n fec iss e
o rbi s i n te ll e c t ua l i s
qu a m po t n i
 G E NE R A L R E M A R K S .
3e x

B a c on t o t he S o c i e t y . We re a d i n t he “
Ne w A tla n t i s ”
:
“
T he re
re i
g n ed i n t hi s i sla n d, a bo u t 1 9 00 y e a rs a
g o, a Ki n g, w ho se

m em o r y of a ll o t he r s w e m o st a do r e ; n o t su
p e rs t i t i o u sl y ,
bu t a s

a v
Di i n e i n st ru m e n t , t ho u gh a m o rt a l m a n : hi s na me wa s
”
S a lomon a ; a nd we e st e e m hi m a s t he la w gi v e r -
of ou r n a ti on .

“
A ga i n : Ye e sha ll u n de rst a n d
(m y de a r fr i e n ds) , t ha t a m o n gst

t he e x c e l le n t a cts of t ha t Ki n g, on e a bo v e a l l h a t h t he p r e
e m i n en c e . It w a s t he e re c ti o n a nd i n s t i tu t i o n of a n Order, or

fo u n da t i o n
’
S oci ety, w hi c h w e ca ll S a lom on s hou se ; t he n o bl e st

( a s w e t hi n k) t h a t e v er wa s u
po n t he ea rt h a nd t he la n t ho r n o f

t hi s ki n
gdo m . It i s de di c a t e d t o t he st u d y of t he w o r k s a nd

c re a t u re s of God . S o m e t hi n k it b e a rs t he fo u n de r
’
s na me a li t t le
Hou se Bu t t he r e c o r ds
’
c o rru p t e d, a s if i t s ho u ld b e S olomon s .

wri t e i t , a s it is s
po k en . So a s I ta ke i t to be den omi na te o f the

Ki n g of the Hebrews, whi ch i s fa mou s wi th you , a n d n o stra n ger to

h h h r e lost
us f or we ha f h i
ve som e
s w or k s,
w i c w ipta rytou
s oa

n a me ly tha t Na tu ra l Hi story, whi ch he wrote of a ll p la n ts, from the

c e da r o f L i ba n u s, t o t he m o ss t ha t r o w e t h o u t o f t h e w a ll a nd
g
of a ll t hi n gs t ha t ha ve li fe a nd m otion . T hi s m a k e th m e t hi n k ,

t ha t o u r ki n
g fi n di n
g h i m se lf t o s m b o l i s e ,
i n m a n tyhi n s, w i t h
g y
t ha t Ki n g o f t he H e b r e w s (w hi c h li e d m a n v
e a rs b e fo r e hi m ) , yy
hon ou red hi m wi th the ti tle f
o thi s fou n da ti on . An d I a m t he ra t he r

i n du c e d t o b e of t hi s o pi ni o n , fo r t ha t Ifi nd in a n c i en t re c o rds ,

t hi s O RD E R S OC I E TY i s so m et i m e s ll e d S o l o m o n H o u se
’
or ca s ;
a n d so m e t i m e s t he C o l l e g e of t he S IX DAY S WO RK ; w he r e b y I
a m sa tis fi e d, t ha t ou r e x c e ll e n t Ki n g ha d le a rn e d fro m t he

H EB RE W S , t ha t G o d ha d c re a t e d t he w o rld, a nd a ll t ha t t he r e i n
i s, w i t hi n si x da y s ; a nd t he r e fo re he i n st i t u t i n g t ha t ho u s e , fo r

t he fi n di n g ou t of t he t ru e na ture of a ll t hi n gs ( w he r e b yG od

m i ght ha v e t he m o r e gl o r y i n th e w o r m a k n s hi
p of t he m , a nd

m e n t h e m ore fru i t i n t he u se of t he m ) , did gi v e it a lso t ha t

se c on d T he e xt ra o r di n a r y st u d y a nd w e i ght B a c on

F
Ro b e rt l u dd i n t ro du c e s t hi s pa ssa g e e rb a t i m i n h i s S u m m u m B o n u m , v “

1 62 9 It i s a l w a ys re pe a t e d i n t h e s a m e w o rds b o t h by B a c o n a n d l u dd F .

v F
.

B a c o n re pe a t s i t t h re e t i m e s , a s w e h a e sh o wn , a n d lu dd re pe a t s i t i n t h e
36 2 G E NE R A L R E M A R K S .

a t ta c he d t o S o lo m o n
’
s w ri t i n g s m a y b e fu r t he r p ro v ed by r e fe r

e nce t o t he
“
Ad v a n cem en t a n d P ro fi c i e n c e of Le a rn i n
g
”
of 1 605 .

T he re w e fi n d t w e n t yfi -
ve m o re Apho ri sm s gi v en a n d se a
p ra tel y
c om m en te d on by B a c on , w hi c h he c o n c l u de s t hu s Thu s ha v e

[ st a y e d so m e w ha t l o n ge r u po n t he s e se n t e n c e s
p o li t i c o f S o lo
m o n t ha n is a
g r e ea ble t o t he p ro p o r t i o n of a n e x a m p le le d w i t h
a de s i re t o gi e v a u t ho ri t y
t o t hi s pa rt o f k n o w le d e ,
g w hi c h I n o ted

1 8 de fi c i e n t , b
y so e x c e ll e n t a
p re c e de n t a n d ha v e a lso a t t e n ded

t he m w i t h b ri e f o b se r a v t i o n s, su c h a s to m y u n de rs ta n di n
g o ffe r

n o vi o le n c e t o t he se n s e , t h o u gh Ik n ow t he ym y be a
a ppli e d t o
a m o r e di v i n e u se : bu t i t i s a llo w e d, e v en in di v i n i t , t ha ty so m e

i n t e rpr e t a t i o n s, yea ,
a n d some wri ti n gs ha ve m o re o f the ea gle tha n

o thers
”
( o o B k II xx i ii ) . . In a Ro si c ru c i a n C o n fe ssi o n or Ma n i
fe st o , p u bli she d b y M r E Wa i t e , w e r e a d : A t ho u sa n d t i m e s .
“

y
t he u n w o rt h m a y c la m o u r, a t ho u sa n d t i m e s m a y pre se n t t he m

se l e s, v
y e t G o d ha t h c o m m a n de d o u r ca rs t ha t t he s ho u l d hea r y
n on e o f t he m , a nd ha t h so c o m pa s s e d u s a bo u t w i t h H i s c lo u ds

t ha t u n to us ,Hi s se r v a n t s, n o vi o le n c e ca n b e do n e ; w he re fo re
n ow no lo n ge r a re w e b e he ld by hu m a n e y e s, u n l e ss t he yhv a e

re c e i v e d s t re n gt h gborrowed from the

le ea .
”

Thi s i s r e pe a t e d o n t he la st pa g e o f t he p o e m s , i n t ha t c u ri o u s
a y
n d m st e r i o u s t hre n e , t he
”
P hoe n i x a n d T u r t l e , w hi c h se e m s

pre t t y pl a in l yt o hi n t a t re b i rt h o r r e v e la t ion

F ro m t hi s se s s i o n i n t e rdi c t
Ev yf er ow l o f t y ra n t wi n g,
S v th gl e , fe a t he r d ki n g
’
a e e ea

Ke e p t h e o b se u y s o s t ri c t
q .

T ha t B a c o n r e a rde d
g t he ea
gl e i n a n a p o c a l pt i cy s e n se is ev i

de n t fro m t he w a y he c o n n ec ts i t wi t h S t J o hn : S t J o hn , a n

a
p o st l e o f o u r Sa vi o u r , a nd t he B e lov e d Di sc i pl e li v ed n i n et y th-
re e

y e a rs . He wa s ri
g ht l y de n o t ed u n de r t he e m ble m o f t he ea gle
fo r hi s p i erc i n g si ght i n to t he Di v i n i t , a n d w a s a S e ra p h a m o n g y
” “
hi s A po st l e s i n r e sp e c t o f hi s bu rn i n g L o e ( H i st o r o f Li fe v y
"
Ap ol o g e ti c u s Th w a rt , 1 6 1 7 I
a m c o n i n c e d i t i s a t e t o r re fe re n c e t o
. v x
t he fo u n de r o f t he Ro si c r uc i a n S o c i e t y , a n d o f S o lo m o n s H o us e o f t he Ne w ’

A tla n t is .
 G E NE R A L R E M A R K S .
36 3

a nd D ea t h, 1 7, It i s p la i n a B con a nd t he Ro si c ru c i a ns

both a llu de t o t he ea gl e i n t he sa m e s e n se . An d a m o n gst t he

fa v o ur i t e bo o k s Of S c r i pt ur e t o w hi c h t he so c i e t y p a r t i c u la rl y
a
ppli e d t he m s e l v es w e re t he
“
Re v e la ti on s of S t J o hn t he

y y
’

Di v i n e , a lr e a d m e n t i o n e d by Ba c on . It i s w e ll w o rt h n ote

M s t he c hi e f fe st i v a l o f
t ha t t he fe a st of S t J o hn ( i d su m m e r da
y) i -

t he Fr e e m a so n s, w ho , a c c o rdi n t o D e Q u i n c e y Ni c o la i a n d M u r r,
g , ,

a re li n e a l de sc e n da n ts of t he Ro s i c ru c i a ns . In a w or k e n t i t le d

Au re u m S e c u lu m Re di v i vu m , or T he A n c i e n t G o l de n A ge ,
w hi c h ha s di sa pp e a r e d fro m t he e a r t h , b u t w i ll r e a p p e a r, by -

H e n ri c u s M a da t ha n u s The o so phu s (w ho st yl es hi m s e lf M e di c u s
et ta n de m , D e i G ra t i a ,
a u r e ae c ru c i s fra t e r p u b l i s h e d b y F ra n z
H a rt m a nn
(B o st o n ,
w e fin d a
g re a t de a l u p o n t he A p o

ca ly p s e a n B k w ith
d t he oo se ve n s e a ls . The re ca n b e li t t l e
do u b t t he B k f R v l ti
oo o e e a on is in c o n n e ctio n w i t h t he B koo of

t h e p r o p he t D a n i el . It ha s y
ge n e ra ll b e e n a llo w e d by a ll w ri t e rs
on j
t hi s su b e c t , t ha t t he book wi th the seven sea ls i s a llu de d t o i n
t he v e rs e fro m Da ni e l : Bu t t ho u , 0 Da n i e l , shu t u
p the words, a nd

sea l the book, even to the ti m e o f the en d ma n y sha ll ru n to a nd fro ,

a nd kn ow ledge sha ll be i n crea sed

( ch . x ii . v . No w t hi s i s n ot

onl yB a c on s
’
m o t t o t o b o t h t he No vu m O rga num a nd t he De
”
A u gm e n t i s, 1 64 0, bu t t hi s a l s o i s t he m o t t o a t t a c h e d t o t he t i t l e
”
pa ge o f A n t hro p o so p hi a T he o m a gi c s , b y t h e gr e a t E n gli sh
Ro si c ru c i a n , Tho ma s Va u gha n (a li a s Eu ge n i u s P hi la l e t he s), w hi c h
t i t l e p a ge w e
-
re
p ro du c e
A NT H RO P O SO P H IA T H E O M A G I CA
I
A D S C O U RS E O F T H E NA T URE O F M A N A ND H I S S TA T E
A FTE R D E A T H ;

G RO UND E D O N H IS P RO T O —
’
C RE A T O R S C H IM I S T RY ,
’
A ND VE RIE I D B Y A P RA C TIC A LL E X A M INA T I O N o r P R IN C I P LE S

IN THE G RE AT W O RL D .

BY

I
EU G EN U S P H IL A LET HES .

DA N M a n y sh a l l ru n to a n d fro , a nd k n o w l e dge sh a l l b e i n c re a se d .

Z o ro a s t e r i n O ra cu l .
—A U I IGN I
D S VO OE M .
3 64 G E NE R A L R E M A R K S .

Dr Abbo tt c o n fe ss e s B a con w ro t e
'

IA ke a p r i est, li k e a o
p p
r het

Of S c i e n c e , w ho se m i s s i o n he hi m se lf de sc ri b e s b e i n g t o p re a s
”
pa re a nd a dorn the bride cha m ber o f the M i n d a n d the u n i verse
B a co n a s a P hi lo so phe r ,
”

Thi s la n gu a ge b ea rs a c e rt a in a fl
i n i ty to som e Ro si c ru c i a n

w ri t i n gs, pa rt i c u l a rl t he y
Chy m i c a l M a rri a ge o f Chr i s t ia n
Ro s y
C r o ss
”
(pu bli she d by M r Wa i t e i n hi s Rea l H i st o r
“
y
o f t he Ro si c ru c i a n s Thi s i s g e n e ra ll u n de r st o o d t o be y
a p ro fo u n d a lle go r y . We ca n n o t he lp t hi k i n n
g t ha t t hi s s i m i le

of B a con s
’
i s b o rro w e d fro m t he S o ng of Solomon , i n w hi c h i s
su n
g he Epi t ha la m i u m
t (o r ma rri a g e s o n g) o f C hri st a n d hi s
C hu rc h T he re i s go o d r e a so n
. fo r b e l i e v i n g t he Ro si c ru c i a n s
c o n si de re d Chri s t a s t he c o rn e r st o n e -
or fo u n da t i o n of t he w o rld,
i n t he li ght o f t he L o go s, o r Wi sdo m u n de rl i n g t he phe n o m e n a l y
w o rld k
T ha t i s t a e n i n a n e so t e ri c s e n se , Chri st i s Tru th n o t
.

m e re l y in a n e t hi c a l se n se , bu t i n a p hi lo so p hi c a l a nd Ca t ho li c
sp i ri t , re r e se n t i n
p g t he m a rri a ge of ma
’
n s m i n d t o t he uni v e rse .

B a co n , be i t o b s e rv e d, n e v er s e pa ra tes Philo so ph y or sc i e n c e

fro m Re li gi o n . H e w ri t e s li k e
“
a p ri e st ,
”
li k es a H e rm e s
T r igm e gi st u s, a nd w e ta k e i t he lo o k ed u
p o n Re li gi o n a s t he

fra m e e m bra c i n
g a ll t hi n gs T he Ro si c ru c i a n s b o rro w e d m u c h
.

fro m t he b o o k s o f H e r m e s, i n w hi c h t he L o o s do c t ri n e i s c l ea rl
g y
e n u n c ia ted a s W i sdo m
XVI
.

C .

Le t m e n ot t o t he m a rr i a ge of t ru e m i n ds
Adm i t i m p e di m en t s . Lo v e is n ot vlo e

W hi c h a l t e rs w h en i t a l t e ra t i o n fi d
n s,

O r b e n ds w i t h t h e re m o e r t o re v m v o e

0 , n o I i t i s a n e er fi xe d m a rk , v -

T ha t l o o k s o n t e mp t es s, a n d is ne v hker s a en

It i s t he s ta r t o e v yw er a n de ri n
g b a rk ,
Wh o s e w o rt h
’
s u n k n o wn , a l t h o u gh h i s h e i g h t b e t a k e n .

“
Th e e xpl a na ti on of w hi c h t hi n gs , a n d of t he t ru e re la t i o n b e t we e n t he
na tu re of t hi n g s a nd t he na t u re of t h e m i n d, i s a s t he s t re w i n g a n d de c o ra ti o n
of the bri da l m ber of the M i nd a nd the U ni ve rse , t h e Di v in e Go odn e ss
cha

a ss i s t i n
g ; ou t of w h i c h m a rr i a ge l et u s hop e (a n d be thi s the p r a ye r of the
bri da l son g ) t h e re m a y spri n g h e l ps t o m a n , a n d a li n e a n d ra c e o f i n e n ti o n s v
t h a t m a y i n s o m e de gre e s u b du e a nd o ve rc o m e t he n e c es s i t i e s a n d m i se ri es of

hu m a n i t y T i s is t h e
. h s e c on d p a rt of t h e w o rk (
“
Di s t ribu ti o n P re fa c e ,
"

“
Ad v a n cem en t o f L ea rn i n
g,
”
p 30
. .
 G E NE R A L R E M A R K S .
365

BA CO N A ND C AM PANE LLA .

In t he Se c o n d B k oo of t he
“
No vu m O rga n u m (Apho ri sm
w e fin d B a c on e n u n cia t i n g t he sa m e t he o ri e s he l d by Ca m

p a n e lla ,
T e le si u s, a nd P a t ri c i u s c o n c e rn i n g t he se a ,
v iz .
,
a ri si n
g
a nd fa lli n g, on w hi c h M r Elli s, “
on e t he o r y ,
t ha t o f T e l e si u s
a nd P a t ri c i u s, c om pa re s t he se a t o t he w a t e r i n a ca u l dr o n , t ha t

is to y , i t ri s e s a n d t e n ds t o b o il o e r w he n i t s n a t u ra l he a t i s
sa v
fl
c a lle d fo rt h u n de r t he i n u e n c e o f t h e su n , m o o n , a n d st a r s, a n d

t he n a ft e r su b si de s (Elli s a nd Sp e ddi n g, v ol . i ii .
, p . Mr
F o w l e r, i n hi s n ot es t o hi s e di t i o n of t he
“
No v u m O rga num,
”

ca lls a t t e n t i o n t o t hi s (p . B a con ha s fo ll o w e d or im ita t e d

T e l e si u s m o r e t ha n a n yb dy o e lse .
“
B a c on de ri v e d m o r e ide a s

fro m hi m [T ]
e l e si u s t ha n fro m a n y o t he r of t he no v e l i st s, a s he
ha s so m e w he re ca lle d t he p hi lo s o phi c a l i n n o v a t i o n , a n d ha s
wri t t e n a se
p a ra t e t r e a t i s e o n t hr e e s s t e m s o f y
p hilo so ph , o f y
(Wo rk s
”
w hi c h hi s i s on e ,
i .
,
5 6 4 , fo o t n o t e ) . Bu t Ca m pa n e lla
“
wa s a di sc i p l e of T e l e si u s . Pr o fe sso r F o w l e r : T o T e l e si u s,
‘

w ho m he [B a con
] ca l l s t he b e s t Of t he no v e li st s, B a c on re fe rs,
”
( No vu m
“
p e rha p s, m o r e t ha n to a n
y o t he r m o de rn wr i t e r
”
O rga n u m p A ga i n : Ca m pa n e l la whose na m e i s frequen tly
,
.
,

c ou led wi th tha t of B a con by the Germ an wri ters o

p f the seven teen th
c en tu ry a n d who wa s ce le bra ted i n hi s ti m e a s the di scip le of Telesi u s
,

(I n t r o du c t i o n No v u m Orga n u m p
“ ”
.
, ,

Thi s i s m o st i m p o r t a n t e v i de n c e , fo r i t b e a rs o u t t he de c la ra

t i on Of Tobi a s Ada m i (Ca m p a n e lla

’
s e di t o r
) , p re fi xe d t o t he

Thi s i s w h a t w e rea d i n t h e 1 64 0 T o b A da m i , i n
“
Ad v a n c em en t
” “

x
.

h i s p re fa c e t o t h e Re a l i s Phi l o s o ph i a o f t h a t e c e ll e n t ph i l o so ph er C a m
‘ ’

p a n e ll a , sp e a k s h i s O pi n i o n t h u s : W e e re c t n o se c t , e st a bli sh n o pla c i ts o f
v
H e re sy , b u t e n dea o u r t o t ra n sc ri b e u n i e rsa l a n d e e r e ri t a b le ph il o so phy v v v
o u t o f t h e a n c i e n t o ri gi n a l c o p y o f t h e w o rld n o t a c c o rdi n
g t o a ri a bl e a n d v
di spu t a bl e s pe c u l a t i o n s, bu t a c c o r di n g t o t he c on du c t u re O f se n se a n d i rre fra g
ab l e de po si t i o n s o f t h e A r chi tec t h i m se l f, wh o se h a n d i n w o rk s di ffe rs n o t
fro m h i s w ord i n w ri t i n g An d Of t he ‘
G re a t n st a u ra t i o n o f t h e de e p
.
’
I
m i n i n g ph i l o s o ph e r Fra B a c o n , L o .
g. V
e ru l a m , Ch a n c e ll o r o f E n l a n d, a w o rk

x
o f h i gh e p e c t a t i o n , a n d m o s t w o rt h y , a s o f c o n s i de ra t i o n , s o o f a s s i s t a n c e
,

b e b ro u gh t t o p erfe c t i o n , i t wi ll p er cha n c e a pp ea r tha t w e p u rsu e the sa m e

en ds, seei n g we trea d the sa m e f oots tep s i n tra c i n g, a n d , a s i t w er e , ho u n d i n
g
’
na tu re by sen se a n d exp er i en ce .
36 6 G E NE R A L R E M A R K S .

j u dgm e n t spo n a u B con , p ri n t e d i n Wa t s

'

t ra ns a l t io n Of t he
“
De
”
A u gm e n t i s , 1 6 4 0 . T he re ca n be no do u bt , fro m t he e vid e nc e

of t he s t ri ki n
g r e se m bla nce of Ca m pa n e lla s
’ “
Cit y of t he S u n
”

to B a con s
’ “
Ne w A t la n tis,
”
t he r e w a s so m e s e c re t c o n n e c t io n Of

phi lo so p hi c a im or c o lla b o ra t i o n of bro t he rho o d b e t w e e n t he m .

It i s ou r O pi n i o n T e l e s i u s , Ca m pa n e l la ,
Se v e ri n u s , a nd B a con

w e re a ll m e m b e rs o f t he fra t e rn i t y Of Ro si c ru c ia ns . T he c om

pa ri so n O f B a co n to C a m pa n e lla i s m o st fre q u en t i n wri t e rs po n u

B a con s
’
w or k s . L c i bn i t z :
“
In t e re a fe li c i t e r a c c i di t u t c o n s i lia

m a gn i v i ri F ra n c i sc i Ba c o n i, A n gli ae Ca n ce lla rii , de a u

g m e n tis

sc i e n t i a ru m , e t c o gi t a t a e x c i ta t i ss i m a C a rda Ca m pa n e lla s
ni et et

sp e c i m i n a m e li o ri s philo so phi es Ke pl e ri e t G a li le i e t Ca rt e si i a d
“ ”
ma nus
p e rv e n i r en t
( Op e ra P hi lo so phi ca ,
Erdm a n,
p .

“
He t he n fe l t a s if t ra ns
p o rt e d to a n o t he r w o rl d . At si i lle
Ba c on o, hi c Ca m pa n e l lae c o m p a r e t u r, a
ppa re t i llo s hu m i r e p e re

ho s m a gn i t u di n e c ogi ta t i o n u m , c o n si li o ru m , i m m o de st i n a t i o n u m
a ssu r
ge re in nu b e s, a c e
p en hu m a n ae
p o t e n t i ee i m pa ri a m o lir i .

Illi e rg o t ra de n di s p ri n c i p ii s , hi c o n c lu s i o n i bu s a d u su m i n si g
ni bu s e li c i e n di s m e l i o re s . P r o fe sso r F o w le r re m a r k s :
“
It i s
c u ri ou s so fre q u e n tl y to fi n d t he na me of B a c on c ou
ple d by
G e rm a n w ri t e rs w i t h t ha t of Ca m pa n e lla
”
(I n t ro du c t i o n ,
“
No vu m
”
O rga num,
p .

P e rha p s t hi s c o n tin u a l c o u p li n
g of n a m e s by G e rm a n w ri te rs

ha s so m e s ou rc e i n t he fa ct t ha t t he Ro si c ru c i a n M a n ife st o e s to o k
ri s e i n G e rm a n y . We fin d B u rt o n , i n hi s “
An a t o m y Of M e la n

y
c ho l ,pli
”
c ou n
g B a con s
’ “
Ne w A t la n tis wi t h Ca m pa n e ll a s
’

“
Ci t y f t h S o e un . Fo r e x a m ple ,
“
U t o pi a pa ri t i s a
n i n d of y k
g v o me rnt t en o b e w i she d fo r ra t he r t ha n efl e c t e d, Resp u b Chri s
’

tia n o o li ta n a
p ,
Ca mp a n ella s Ci ty of the S u n , a
’
n d tha t
‘
New A tla n tis , ’

w it t y fi c t i o n s bu t m e re c hi m e ra s
”
(p 6 0,
D e m o c ri t u s t o t he .

Rea de r, l 6t h e di t i o n ,
“
An a to m y Of An d i n a

n de d Re Sp u b
fo o t n o t e we r ea d, (a
pp e to . C hri s t i a n o p o li ta n a
) ,

“
J O H N VAL E NT IN E A N DREAS , L O RD VE RU LAM .
”
No w J o hn
Va l A n drea
. s, wa s s u pp o s e d by De Q u in c e y ,
t o ha v e be e n t he
a u t ho r of t he Ro si c ru c i a n Fra t e rn ity a n d Ma n i fe st o e s . It i s
 G E NE R A L R E M A R K S .

t he r e fo r e s t ri ki n
g t o fin d B u rt o n , w ho , a s we s ha ll sho w , k n ows

m o r e t ha n he O
pe n l yw ri t e s, t hu s c ou pli n g B a c on a nd A n dre a s

t o g e t he r . F or e x a m ple , a s to B u rt o n s
’
k n ow e l dge o f t he
rea l fo u n de r of t he O rde r of Ro si e C ro ss, a n d t he m t hi c a l y
hi s t o r y of i t s fo u n de r :
“
I shou ld he re e x c e pt so m e c y i
n cs

Me n i pp u s, Di o g e n e s, t ha t The ba n C ra t e s , or t o de s c e n d t o t he se

t i m e s, t ha t o m n i sc i o u s, on l y wi se fra t e rn i t y of t he Ro si e Cro ss ,
t ho se g re a t t he o l o gu e s, p o li t i c i a n s , phi l o so phe rs, p h si c i a n s , y
p hi l o l o g e rs, a r t i st s, & c , . o f w ho m S t B ridge t , A lb a s J o a c c hi m u s
,

L e i c e n b e rgi u s, a n d su c h di i n e v s
p i ri t s, ha v e r
p o phe si e d, a n d m a de
p ro m i s e t o t he w o rld, i f a t l e a s t t he r e b e a n
y su c h,
(H e n Ne u .

he u si u s m a k es a do u b t of i t , Va l e n t i n u s A n dr e a s, a n d o t he rs
) , or

a n E li a s A r t i fe x, t he i r The o phra st i a n m a st e r w ho m , t ho u gh

L i ba v i u s a nd ma n yd e ri de a n d c a rp a t, yet som e w i ll ha v e t o be
the Ren ewer o f a ll A r ts a nd S ci en ces, f
re orm er o f the wor ld a n d n ow

li vi n g fo r so J o ha n n es M o n ta nu s S t ri go n i e n si s (t ha tg re a t

pa t ro n o f P a r a c e su sl ) c o n t e n ds , a n d c e r t a in l y v a e rs , a most di vi n e
ma n
(Di v i n u s i lle v i r, a u ctor n o t a ru m in ep . Ro g . B a con , ed .

Ha m b u r .
,
a nd t he q i t
u n e ss e n c e of w i sdo m , w he r e so e v er

he i s ; fo r he , hi s fra t e rn ,
ity f i
r e n ds, & c , a re a ll b e t ro t he d t o .

v
w i sdo m , i f w e m a y b e li e e t he i r di sc i pl e s a n d fo llo w e rs m u st . I
n e e ds e x c e pt L i p si u s a nd t he P o p e , a nd e xp un
g e t he i r na m es
ou t of t he ca t a l o gu e O f fo o l s fo r b e si de t ha t p a ra si t i c a l t e st i m o n y
of D o u sa ,

A s o l e e xori e n t e M ae o t i da s u squ e pa l u de s,
Nem o e st , qu i j u st o se ae qu i pa ra re qu e a t .

L i p si u s sa i th of hi m s e l f, t ha t he w a s hu ma ni gen eri s qu i da m
p ee da gogu s voc e e t style , a
gra n d si gn i o r, a m a st e r, a t u t or o f u s a ll
a nd fo r t hi r t e e n y e a r s, he b ra g s ho w he so w e d w i sdo m i n t he
L o w C o u n t ri e s ( A m m o n i u s t he p hi l o so phe r di d i n A l e a n dr i a
a s
), x
c u m hu ma n i ta te li tera s e t sa p i en ti a m cu m p ru de n tid a n ti stes sa p i en ti a e,
“
he sha ll b e sa p i en tu m octa vu s (p . 7 2, D e m o c ri t u s to t he

Re a de r In a fo o t n o t e w e re a d (a tta c he d t o t he de s c ri pt i o n of
“
t he fo u n de r o f t h e Ro si c ru c i a ns n ow om n i u m a r ti u m e t
 368 G E NE R A L R E M A R KS .

sc i e n ti a r um i nsta u ra to rs Thi s ca n onl y a pp l yt o F ra n c is Ba co n .

F o r he re pe a t e dl y a llu de s t o hi s own wor k ,

a s a re n e wa l or

re s t o ra ti o n o f k n o w le d e , o f
g A rts a n d S cie nce s, a n d t he a c t ua l t i t le
Of hi s gre a t w o r i s k t h e Gr ea t In sta u ra ti o n Bu r to n w ro t e t his i n
.

1 6 2 1 , a n d t hi s pro v e s t ha t w ha t b o t h De Q i y u nce a nd Mr Wa i t e
ha ve a f fi rm e d a s t o t he m yt hi ca l hi s t o r y f th o e so c i e t yb ein g a

fra u d, i s t ru e .

We fin d B a con i n hi s I n s ta ura t i o n P re fa ce w ri t i n g :
“
Re sta b a t
i llu d de i n t e gro t e n t e t u r m e li o ri bu s pree si dii s, u t qu e
u n u m u t re s

fia t sci en ti a ru m e t a rti u m a tque om n is hu ma n es doc tri n es i n u n i vers u m

ta fu n da m e n t i s He re
’2
i n sta u ra ti o, a de b i t i s e x c i ta . w e ha ve a lm o st
B u rt o n s
’
w o rds, —
“
Ins ta u ra ti on of A rts a nd S ci en ces . Bu t se e

i n ho w m a n y p o i n ts t he de sc r i pt i o n gi ven b
y B u rt o n of t he

fo u n de r of t he Ro si c r u c i a ns a
gr e e s w i t h w ha t w e k n ow of B a con .

T o b e gi n w i t h, he w a s a t t he t i m e B u rt o n w ro te a
g ra n d

s i g n i o r,
”
L o rd Ke e p e r o f t he S ea l (1 6 1 7 B a ro n Ve ru la m , a nd in
“ ”
1 6 2 1 Vi s c o u n t S t Alba A n ti stes S a p i en ti ce
ns . m e a n s a G re a t

La w y e r, a n O ra c l e o f t h e La w (Ai n s w o rt h, L a t i n D i c t i o n a r y
We fi n d Ba c o n ’
s
“
Ne w A t la n t i s ”
c i t e d s i de by s i de wi t h t he “
Re sp .

”
C hri st i a n o po li t a n ee of grea t Ro si c ru c i a n pr o t a g o n i s t , Va le n t i n e
t he

A n drea s . To c on fi rm t hi s e v i de n c e , w e ha e J o hn H e do n , a v y
Ro si c ru c i a Ap ol o gi st , re pro du c i n g, w o rd fo r w o rd, w i t ho u t a n
n
y
a lt e ra t i o n of n ote or i m p o rt a n c e, t he e n t i re te tx of B a con s
’

”
“
Ne w At la n t i s, a n d e n t i t li n g it “
The La nd of the Rosi cru ci a ns

Cri t i c s ha v e re p li e d b y c la s si n y
g He do n i m p o st o r a n d m o u n t e
ba n k . If H e do n y ’
s e v i de n c e st o o d si n gl y
t hi s r e t o rt m i ght ha e v
w e i ght . Bu t w a s B u rt o n a l s o a n i m p o s to r Is Ni m r od a n
i m po st o r, w ho de libe ra t e l y lls Ca m pa n e lla a m e m b e r o f t he
ca

br o t he rho o d g a n g (a s he or wri t e s ) o f t he Ro si e Cro ss ? A n d do

we n o t fi n d P ro fe sso r F o w l e r ca lli n g a tt e n t i o n to t he st ra n
ge
c o u pl i n g o f B a con s n a
’
m e wi t h Ca m pa n e lla s
’
by G e rm a n wr i te rs
’ “ ”
T he da t e Of Ca m p a n e lla s C i v i ta s S o li s i s 1 62 3, t he da t e of

t he p u bli ca tion of t he y k
F o li o pla s n o w n a s Sha e sp ea re s, a n d k ’

”
T he i n t e r n a l e v i de n c e o f Ca m pa n e lla s
’

t he De A u gm e n t i s
“ .

“ y ”
Ci t O f t he S u n i s t o pla ce it s ide b y si de i n t he sa me ca t e go r y
 G E NE R A L R E M A R K S .
369

of U t o pi a n w or k s a s B a con s
’ “
Ne w A t la n tis . B o t h a re p ort ra i t s
of i de a l Re pu bli c
a n A n d ha e w e . v n ot in t he fa c t t ha t
Va l e n t i n e A n dre a s w r o t e a w o r o f t hi s k c la s s, v
p o si t i e e v i de n c e
a ffo r de d t ha t su c h U t o pi a n or i de a l s c he m e fo r t he re fo rm a t i o n
of So c i e t yw a s o n e of t he Ro si c ru c i a n dr e a m s ? The fi rst Ro si
c ru c a n i M a n i fe st o , re p r o du c e d a lm o st li t e ra ll y fro m B o c c a li n i
’
s

Ra ggu a gli di P a rn a sso , p r e se n t s us wi t h e x a c t l t he sa m e e n d y

or a im W e a re i n t ro du c e d t o t he S e e n Wi se M e n o f G re e c e ,
. v
w ho se v e ra ll y p ro
p o se i de a s fo r t he b e t t e r i n g o f so c i e t y . The
Ro si c ru ci a n s t e rm e d t h e m se l v e s a c o ll e g e .

Qu i d vi s ? C o l l e gi u m n o stru m e st A c a dae m i a qu ae da m ,
Do c t ri n es s t u di i s c u m p i e t a t e s a c ra .

“
J
( o h n Va l e n t i n e An dre a s , Berli n ,

B a con s
’ “
Ne w A t la n ti s is ca lle d t he “
Co llege o f t he Si x Da y s

B a c on w ri t e s i n t he Pr e fa ce t o t he
“
Ad v a n c em e n t of L ea rn i n
g,
1 64 0 : “
Thi s on e wa y re m a i n e t h, t ha t t he b u si n e ss b e w ho l l y
re a -
t t e m p t e d w i t h b e t t e r p r e pa ra t i o n s, a n d t ha t t he r e b e t hro u gh
ou t a n I ns ta u ra ti on o f S ci en ces a nd A rts, a n d of a ll hu m a n le a rn i n
g
ra i s e d fro m s o l id fo u n da t i o n s . T he se w o r ds a re bu t B u rt o n s
’

o v er
g i n , a n d in
a at h e S e c on d oo o f t he A dv a n c e m e n t B k “ ”

( 7 8 ,
7 9 ) a con a
g a i B
n i n t ro du c e s t he su b e c t o f A r ts a nd S ci en ces j
x
i n c o n t e t w i t h fou n da ti on s a n d Co lleges In t he gr e a t Ro si .

M a n i fe st o , pu b li she d a t Ca ss e l i n 1 6 1 4 ,
c ru c i a n a n d F ra n kfo r t
ou—
t he M a i n , 1 6 1 5 , o c c u r t he se w o r ds
~
He she w e d t he m

n ew
gro wt hs , n ew fru i t s a nd b e a st s, w hi c h di d c o n c o rd wi t h

O ld p hi l o s o p h y ,
a nd p re s c ri b e d t he m n ew A x i o m a t a , where by a ll
thi n gs m i ght f u lly be r es tore d .
”
T hi s re fe r s t o F a t he r Ro s yC ro s s ,

t he fo u n de r of t he so c i e t y . No w c ompa r e a B co n s
’
st a tem e n t
“
re fa c i n g t h e I n sta u ra ti o F ra n ci s o f Ve r u l a m bein g c on
p :

v i n c e d t ha t t he hu m a n i n t e lle c t m a k es its o wn dif fi c ul t i e s, n o t

u si n
g t he t ru e h e l p s w h i c h a re a t ma n s
’
di sp o sa l s o b e rl y a nd

j u di c i o u sl y; t ho u ght a ll t ri a l shou ld b e m a de , w he t he r t ha t
c om m e rc e b e tw e e n t he m i n d of ma n a nd t he na tu re of t hi n gs,
w hi c h i s m o re pre c i o u s t ha n a n yt hi ng o n e a r t h, o r a t lea st t ha n

2 A
370 G E NE R A L R E M A R K S .

a n y t hi ng t ha t is Of t he ea r t h, m i ght by a n
y m ea ns be r es tor ed to
” “
i ts p erfec t a n d ori gi na l con di ti on (La t i n t e xt r esti tn i
p osse t i n
i n te gr u m Dr A b b o t t , i n hi s I n t ro du c t i o n t o t he “
Essa s
”
y
wri t e s of B a con :
“
He se e m s t o b e li e v e t ha t i n so m e ha pp i e r
o ri k
gi n a l c o n di t i o n O f M a n i n d, t he M i n d a n d Na t u r e w e r e o n c e
w e dde d, bu t a re n o w di v o rc e d H e a i m s a t restori n g to i ts p erfec t .

a n d ori gi na l condi ti on tha t co m me rce be tween the M i n d o f Ma n a nd

the Na tu re of Thi n gs, whi ch i s more p re ci ous tha n a n ythi n g on ea r th

(Wo rk s B
“ ”
,
vol iv p 7,
. .a c on a s a. Phi l o so phe r,
The r e ca n be no do u bt B a c on did b e li e v e in so m e pre hi s t o r i c
p e ri o d, w he n k n ow e l dge w a s p ro fo u n de r, fo r Sp e ddi n g e e n v
a c k l dg e s t hi s
n ow e a c o n w ri t e s : B
The G rae c i a n s w e re ,
.
“
a s one

o f t he m se l e s sa v
y e t h, You G rae c i a n s a re e e r c hi ldre n ! v T he y
k new li tt le a n ti q ity ;
u t he yk n ew, e x c ept fa b l e s ,
n ot m u ch a bo v e

fi v e hu n dre d y e a rs b e fo r e t he m s e lv es . The yk n ew bu t a sm a ll

(Ba c o n No t e
’

p o rt i o n of t he w o rld s
”
In t he
“
Ma gi a A da m i ca of Tho m a s Va u g ha n (Eu ge n i u s
“
Phila le t he s) w e fi n d hi m re
pea t i n g t hi s : M o st pp o si t e t he n
a

wa s t ha t c he c k of t he E g p t i a y n t o S o lo n : 0 S o lo n, S olo n Vos
Greeci semp er p u e ri e st i s, mu lla m a n ti q ua m ha b e n de s O pi n i o n e m ,
” “
nu lla m di s c i pli n a m t e m po re ca n a m . Yo u G rae c i a ns
(sa i d be )
a re e v er c hi l di sh, ha i n g v no a n cien t Opi n i o n , no di s c i pli n e of

a n
y lo n g sta n di n g
”
(p . 91, Wa i t e s ’ “
M a gi ca l W ri t i n g s of

It i s v y i
er cur ou s t o fi n d t he Ro si c ru c i a fo u n de r p r e s e n t i n g
n

hi s so c e i t y wi t h “
New grow t s, n ewh fr u i ts — a n d re sc ri be d t he m
p
n ew A xi om a ta ,
”
b e ca u se t hi s i s t ho r o u ghl yB a c o n ia n la n gu a ge , a s

e v yer st u de n t w i ll i m m e di a t e l y re c o gn i se . In B a con s
’ “
Na t ur a l
Hi st o r y ”
we re a d, “
Ou r e xp e ri m e n t s we ta k e ca r e t o be (a s
we ha v e o ft e n sa i d) e i t he r E rp ei i me n ta ,
F ru c tife ra ,
or L ucife ra
e i t he r o f u se or o f di sc o v y er .
”
An d a s fo r “
A xi om a ta ,
”
it is a

Pa ge 6 9 , F a ma F ra t e rn i ta t i s,
-
Wa i t e
H i s t o ry o f t h e Ro s i c ru c i a n s
’
s

v
.

Ra w l e y wri t e s (Pre fa c e t o t h e Re a d e r, S y l a S yl v a ru m An d fo r u se ,
hi s L o rds hi p ha t h O ft e n i n hi s m o u t h , t h e t w o k i n ds o f e peri m e n t s, E xp e r t
”
x
m en t a l F mtc t ifer a ,
a nd Fa p cr i m en ta L u c ifer a .
 G E NE R A L R E M A R K S .
37 1

w ord y
p e a t e dl e m p lo e d by a c o n i n t he
re y
No u m O rga n u m B v
“
o f a n y g e n e ra l p r o p o si t i o n In A pho ri sm 1 03, A xi oma ta a re .

” “
c o n t ra s t e d wi t h O p e ra a nd p a rt i c u l a ri a In A ho r i sm
p 1 04 .

he sp e a k s of
“
a xi om a ta gen era li ssi ma
”
(gu a li a su n t p ri n cipi a q u ee

“
va ca n t a rti u m c i reru m
) ,
a xi om a ta m edi a ,
a nd i
a x oma ta m i n ora
or
“
i nfima .
”
S O fre q u en t l yd oes B a c on i n t ro du c e t hi s w o rd t ha t
it re a y
ll c o n st i t u t e s a
g re a t fe a t u r e Of t he
“
No v u m O rga n u m ,
”

na m el y th e di s c o v yer of n ew a xi oms or a r i oma ta . Fo r o u r ro a d

do e s n ot li e on a l v l
e e ,
bu t a sc e n ds a n d de sc e n ds ; first a scen di n g
” “
to a xi om s, then desc endi n g to works . A ga i n , Bu t fro m t he
n ew li ght o f a xi om s, w hi c h, ha vi n
g b e e n e du c e d fro m t he se pa r
t i c ula by i n m e t ho d n d ru le , sha ll i n t he i r t u r n
rs a c e rt a a
po i n t
”
No vu m
'

ou t t he w a y a g i n to
a n ew
p a rt i c u la rs A
( p h o r i sm 1 03,

O rga num ,
”
B k oo In sh o rt , t he No vu m O rga n u m ”
is
l a rge l ym a de u p Of a s y st e m o f e st a bli shi n g a xi om s by fo rm s of

I n du c t i o n .

C I TY
’
CA M P ANE LLA S O F TH E S UN .

I c a n n ot do b e t t e r t ha n t ra n sc ri b e he r e Ni m r o d s ’
de sc ri pt i o n
of Ca m p a n e lla s Ci t o f t h e S u n
’
y
(Ci vi ta s S o li s) fro m hi s Di s
c o u r s e s O i Hi st o r a n d F a bl e
”
y
Ni m ro d w a s a pro fo u n d st u de n t .

of t hi s c la ss of li t e ra t u r e , a nd t he a t ten ti v e re a de r w i ll r e c o gn i z e

ma n yp o i n t s re fl ected in B a con s
’
wr i t i n g s .
“
It i s i m p o ssi bl e fo r
m e to _
p a s s u n de r si l e n c e t he na me of T ho m a s Ca m pa n e lla . He
wa s a Do m i n i c a n fri a r of Ca la bri a ,
e n do w e d w i t h gre a t t a l e n t s ,

bu t a ddi c t e d t o a t he i sm a nd m a gi c . B ein g a c c u se d of t ho se

e rro r s, he w a s c on fi n ed i n t he i n q u i si t i o n a t Ro m e ; a n d a ft e r
w a r ds b a ni she d to a c on v en t a t S t ilo , hi s na v
t i e town . H e de
c l a re d t ha t St B ri d e t ,
g
*
J o a c hi m of Ca la b ri a , Sa v o n a r o la ,
a n d

Th e l e a rn e d a u t h o r O f N i m ro d se e m s t o t hi n k t ha t t h e Ro si c ru c i a ns be
l o n g e d t o t h e o r de r o f M a n da i t i a n S a b a i t e s M a n da i t e fro m a a r M a n do di . Jv
h e y e o r H e ra l d O f L i fe J
T h e a rde n o , o r m y st i c o rda n o f t h e M a n da i t e s, i s J
v
.

i n t erpre t e d b y t h e m a str e a m of r ed w a te r , a n d deri e d fro m o u rda a r ose .

G i orda no Bru n o sa y s t ha t a l l w i sdo m ,

v
Di i n e , M a t he m a t i c a l , a nd N a t u ra l , pro
e eeds f rom the i n te l li gi ble su n S pa ccio de l a p . H i s do c t ri n e i s
37 2 G E NE R A L R E M A R K S .

e v en S t J o hn t he E v a n
g e l i st , ha d pro phe s i e d c o n c e rn i n g hi m ,
a nd he ca u s e d hi m se l f t o b e a n n o u n c e d a s The M essi a h tha t wa s to

co me (G ia n n on e,
‘
H i st o r y di Na p o li ,
’

p . Ca m pa n e lla i s
sa i d t o ha v e u n de rg o n e a t ro c i o u s t o rt u re s , bu t he e s c a p e d t he
i a l u n i shm e n t t o w hi c h hi s du p e s w e re c o n de m n e d, b
ca p t p y sha m
m i n g m a dn e ss i n t he de p o si t i o n s w hi c h he m a de H o w e e r he . v
r e m a i n e d i n p ri s o n fr o m 1 6 00 t o 1 6 2 6 H e w a s t he a u t ho r o f .

Reip u bli ca z P hi loSOp hicee ,

’ ’
e n t i t le d Ci vi ta S oli s Idea
‘
a ro m a n c e s

p ro du c t i o n r u n n i n g o n a ll fo u r s wi t h In c ho ffe r s
’
w hi c h is a

‘
M on a rchy of the S olip ses, e c e p t t ha t t he fo rm e r i s a se ri o u s
’
x
p a ne
g r i c ,
a y
n d t he la t t e r a se e re sa t i re , u o n t he s a m e t hi n
p g v '

In a di a l o gu e b e t w e e n a G e n o e se n a v i ga t o r a n d t he G ra n d Ma s t e r
of t he H o spi ta lle r s, t he fo rm e r de sc ribe s t he Ci t y of t he Su n i n
T a p ro ba ne .
(T . C a m p C i v S o l a n n e x e d t o Phi lo s Re a l , p 4 1 7 ,
. . . . .

&c .
, ed F ra nc . 1 6 23, da te of F oli o S ha kesp ea re) Its de s c ri p t i o n .

c o i n c i de s m i n u tel y w i t h t he sc h e m e o f t ha t a n cien t c it y ca l le d
B a be l or T ro y ,
a s he re t o fo r e e x pl
i n e d by m e a It i s b u ilt w i t h .

fo u r ga t e s t o t he fo u r c a rdi n a l p o i n t s , a n d i t i s, di s ti n cte i n sep te m

gyros a m bi tu sve i n gen tes a sep tem p la n eti s n om i na te s, e a c h e n c lo su re

be i n g s t ro n gl y fo rt i fi ed . In t he c e n t re Of a ll a m oun t a sc e n ds
fro m t he p la i n , a n d u po n its su m m i t t he re i s a t e m ple c o n st ru c t e d

w i t h w o n de rfu l a rt .

“
T he t e m ple i s ro u n d a n d su pp o rt e d u p o n c o l u m n s, wi t ho u t

w a l ls . It ha s a ro o f o r do m e u po n w hi c h a l l t he st a rs a r e de li n e
a ted . U po n t he a lt a r there i s n othi n g bu t a la rge globe rep resen ti n g
e a rth, a n d a no ther rep resen ti n g hea ven .
”
We pa u se i n t he de sc ri p
tio n , to ca ll a t t e n t i o n t o t he pa lle l pre se n t e d by t he t i t le pa ge
ra -

e n gra v i n g o f B a con s
’ “
Ad v a n c e m e n t o f L ea rn i n ,
g 1 640, t o t he
w o rds p la c ed i n i ta li c s . Fo r B a con s
’
e n t i re
“
Adv a n cem en t of

L ea rn i n g
”
he ca lls t he “
I nte lle c t u a l G lo b e , a n d, i n de e d, i n a n

i nt e rm e di a t e s k etch of t he
“
D e Au gm e n t i s, a ft e rw a rds a ba n
do u ed w ri t t e n i n 1 6 1 2 , sho w s u s he ha d o n c e t he i n t e n t i o n o f
y

t ha t of t he Ea s t e rn S a b i a n ism , a nd t he sa me a s a re c o n ta in ed in J u l ia n t he
Th e Ro s y C ro ss l o o k A po llo n i us t he i r tu t e la y
’
a po st a te s w ri t i n gs . u po n as r

de i t y
”
N a u de 1a Ro se Cr o i -
x , p .
 G E NE R AL R E M A R K S .
373

e n t i t li n
g t h e
“
De Au gm e n t i s by t hi s n a m e a c o n c o n c lu de s . B
ei
ght b o o k s o f t he
“
De A u gm e n t i s
”
wi t h t he w o rds,
“
An d
n ow
(m o st e x c e lle n t ki
g) w e ha e w i t h a
n v sm a ll b a r k ,
su c h a s we

w e re a bl e t o s e t o u t , sa i l d a b o u t t he u n i
’
v e r sa l c i rc u m fe r e n c e of

t he o ld a s the n ew World of S ci en ces ( oh . i . B k oo A ga i n

i n t he ei
ght h b o o k ,
“
D e i n de d p e rfe c t i o n e m li t e ra r u m h O c
et a

i p su m sp e c t a t, q u ia l e gi t i m ee v
i n qu i si t i o n i s e ra n o rm a e st , u t n i hi l
i n ven i a tur i n globo m a teri ce, qu od n on ha bed i p a ra llelu m i n globo
crysta lli ne si ve i n tellectu
( 7 7 2 Ph il W o r s, I , S e ddi n
p g) T O wi t . . k . .

“
k
T hi s i n d O f wi sdo m m u c h r e sp e c t s t he p e r fe c t i o n o f L ea r n
in g
'
b e c a u se i t i s t he ght ru l e o f a p e rfe c t i n
ri q i y th
u r a t n o t hi n
g
b e fo u n d i n t he G lo b e o f M a t t e r, t ha t ha t h n ot a
p a ra ll e l i n
t he C r yts a ll i n e G l o b e or t he I n t e ll e c t
(B k oo V III
p 5 9, .
,
.

Ad v a n cem en t of Re m a r kB a con s
’ “
De sc ri p t i o n o f
t he I n t e ll e c t u a l G lo b e ,
”
w ri tt e n i n 1 6 1 2 , Op e n s w i t h hi s t ri pa rt i t e

di v i si o n of H i st o r y ,
Po e tr y ,
a n d Phi l o s o p h y ( a s i n t he S e c o n d
B k oo Ad v a n c em e n t 1 605 a nd a nd de a ls la rg e l y w i th t h e

hea ven s a n d a strono my . The de r m a y se e o n t he t i tl e pa ge r e

rea -

fe rre d t o , t h e t w o gl o b e s p o r t ra
y e d o r h e m i s h e re s, o n e e n t i t l e d
p
fi

t he Vi si ble w o r ld, t he o t he r t he i n vi si ble w o rld t h e fo r m e r pla i n l y

t he o ld w o rld, t he la t t e r do t t e d ou t on l y . It i s t o t he la st t ha t

hi s shi p e m bl e m i s b o u n d o n a n i n t e ll e c t u a l o a ge o f di sc o e r vy v y .

A n d t hi s sho u ld b e p a ra ll e l e d w i t h t h e fa c t , t he Ne w At la n ti s
'

is a n i sla n d p la ced m i d t he o c ea n o f t he n ew w o r l d, li k e P ro sp e ro
’
s
”
m a gi c i sla n d in The T e m p e s t .

M i r a n da . O b ra v N w lV
e e or l d

T ha t t h i s i s i m a gi n a r t he o r
no s ro e d b y y
a c o n s la n u a
g g e yi p v B ’

i n hi s
”
Di s t rib u t i o n P re fa c e , w he r e , sp e a i n g o f t he P rae t e r k
A New World of S ci en ces (m a r e d by k
“ ”
m i t t e d P a rt s, e n t i t l e d

sta rs ) ,
h e w ri t e s -
“
Whe r e fo re w e w i ll n ot n e
gl ec t to r i de a lo n g

Dr Th o m ps o n , t he M a st e r o f Tri n i t y C o ll e ge , C a m bri dg e , h a s p o i n t e d o u t
gl o b e o f m a tt e r a n d gl o b e o f c ry st a l o r
’ ’ ‘
t o m e t ha t t h e o r i gi n of Ba ‘
c on s

form i s pr o b a b l y t h e o ¢a i po s a n onr es a n d t h e o ¢a i po s y onr d; o f Em p e do c l e - -

a s i n t e rpre t e d b y Pro c l u s S e e Pro c l u s i n Ti m aeu m , p 1 6 0 D a n d S i m pl i c i u s

. .

i n Ph y si c a , p 7 b
. .
”
(Wri gh t , Ad v
a n c em en t of L e a rn i n g
37 4 G E NE R A L R E M A R KS .

(a s i t w e re i n pa ssa ge ) t he coa sts O f a c c e p t e d S c i e n c e s a n d A rt s

fo r t he se a re fo u n d i n t he I n te llec tua l Globe , a s i n t he t e rre st ri a l

s o i ls , i m p ro v ed a n d de s e rt s .
”
We c o n ti n u e our de s c ri p t i o n of

t he “
Ci t y of t he S u n
“
The c it iz e n s a re
g o v e rn e d by t he ir
hi gh p ri e st , w ho m i n t he i r la n gu a ge t he c a y ll S O L, a n d de s i n a t e
g
by t he s m bo l y
bu t w ho m w e m i ght pro p e rl y ca ll M c t a phy si c u s .

They ha ll thei r p ossessi ons i n co m mon , a n d t he di s p e n sa t i o n o f

ve a

t he m a
pp e rt a i n s t o m a gi s t ra t e s
”
W e m u st a a i n b e
g g t h e r ea de r s .
’

i n du lge n c e t o po i n t o u t a n u n u e st i o n a b le a n d i m p o r ta n t Ro si q
c ru c i a n pa ra ll e l, w hi c h a t t ra c t e d t he a t t e n t i o n o f t h e a u t ho r o f

Ni m ro d ,
w ho w ri t e s (p . 5 1 7 ) fu rt he r on
“
T he C hri s t i a n o po li s ,

Ura no
p o l i s, or Ele u t he rO p o li s of A n dre as (J o hn Va l A n dre a . s, to

w ho m De Q uin c e y a t t ri bu t e s t he e n t i re Ro si c ru c i a n ho a x ,
a s he
c o n s ide rs i t ) ha s a ce rta i n si m i li tu de to t he C i i ta v s So li s . He
a n d esta Re p
de si r e d t o a boli sh p rop erty bli sh comm u n i ty o f goods .

M y t h C hr i s t
“ ”
Chri st ,
c . xv .
, p 4 8; .
,
L . vi . 0 7, p
. . T hi s
is a s t ro n
g p o i n t , sho w i n g ho w t he s e w o r k s a r e a f li a t e d fi . Bu t
t he a st o n i shi n g pa ra lle l fu rn i s he d by t he p la y of
“
The T e m pe st ,
”

i n t he w o rds o f G o n z a l o , n ds e x t ra o rdi n a r fi y po i n t , se e i n g Pro s

p e ro s
’
m a gi c i sla n d,
* li k e t he i sla n d of t he
“
Ne w A t la n t i s,
”
is
e vide t ly n a dre a m or U t o pia n
pa ra di s e .

Ge n . Ha d I pl '
a n ta tion of
t h i s i s l e , m y l o rd,
He d
’
Ant . s o w t w i t h n e t t le s e e d -
.

S eb . O r do c k s, or m a llo w s
Id
.

An d w e re t h e k i n g
’
Gen t , w ha t w o u ld
'
. on o l .

S c a pe b e i n g dru n k fo r w a n t o f w i n e
’
S eb . .

Ge n. 1 t h c o m m o n w e a l t h w o u ld b y c o n t ra ri
’ ’
I es

E x e c u te a l l t hi n gs fo r no ki n d of t ra ffi c
W o u ld I
dm i t ; n o n a m e o f m a gi st ra t e
a

Le t t e rs sh o u ld n o t b e k n o wn ri c h e s , p o e rt y , v
v
A n d u se o f s e r i c e , n o n e c o n t ra c t , s u c c e ss i o n ,

nd of
’
Ba c on w ri t es Fo r t i s a n i m m e n se Oc ea n t ha t su rro u n ds t he i s la
” ’

T ru t h (p . 58, v ol. Sha w s Edi t i o n ,

Co m pa re — “
So t o li v e in on e pla c e t h a t n e i t he r t h e pe o pl e w h i c h dw e ll
b e yo n d t h e Ga n ges c ou l d hi de a n y t hi n g , n o r t h o s e w h i c h l i e i n P e r u m i h t
g
”
v
“
be a b le t o k ee p t h e i r se c re t , t he i r c ou n se l fro m t he e (c h . iv C o n fess i o
R .

Ba con s
’
Ne w A t la n t is We sa i l ed fro m P e ru (w he re w e ha d con t i n u ed
b y t he s pa c e o f o n e w h o le y ea r) .
 G E NE R A L R E M A R K S .
37 5

B o u rn , b o u n d of la n d, t i l th, vi ne y a rd ,
n on e ;
No u se o f m e ta l , c o rn ,
or wi n e , o r o il

NO o c c u pa ti o n a ll m e n i dl e , a ll
An d w o m e n t o o , b u t i n n o c e n t a nd pu re
NO so v e re i gn ty
S eb Y e t h e w o u ld b e k i n g
’
. on t .

Ant . T he l a tt er e n d o f hi s c o m m on w e a lt h forg e t s t h e b egi n n i n g .

G on . A l l thi n gs i n com m o n n a tu re sh ou ld p r odu ce

Wi t h ou t sw ea t o r e n de a v ou r t re a s o n , fel o n y ,
S w o rd, pi k e , k n i fe , gu n , o r n e ed o f a n y e n gi n e ,
I v
Wo u ld n o t ha e b u t n a t u re s hou l d bri n g fo rt h,
O f i t s o w n k i n d, a l l fo i so n , a l l a b u n da n c e ,
T o fe e d m y i n n o c e n t pe o pl e .

S eb . N0 m a r r yi n g
’
m o n g hi s su bj ec ts ?
Ant . N on e , ma n a l l idl e w h o re s a nd kn a v es .

Go n. Iw o u ld with su c h p e rfe c t i o n go v e rn , s i r, to e x c el
”
t h e g o lde n a
ge .

Te m pe st , a c t i i so . .

Cri t i c s ha v j
e oin ed i ssu e w i t h S e b a st i a n a nd A n t o n i o i n de
c la r i n
g t he a u t ho r O f t he p la s, i n t e n de d t o t u rn i n t o ridi c u l e y
G o n za lo s sp e e c h
’
Bu t t he fo rg e t t ha t S e ba st i a n a n d A n t o n i o
. y
a re t he w i c k e d s c o ffe rs, w ho fa ll u n de r P ro sp e ro
’
s e sp e c i a l di s

p l ea su re , a n d t he y v o e rl o o k t h e fa c t P ro sp e ro l o v G es o n za lo , a nd

t e rm s hi m hi s “
tru e p reserver . O n t he c o n ra r t y it m ,
a y be se e n

in t he r e p ro o f G o n z a l o b r i n gs u po n t he di b li v s e e e rs i n t he

m a tter of Tu n i s bei n g iden ti ca l wi th Ca rtha ge, a n d t he i n c re du li t y

’
t hi s i s m e t w i t h by t he sa m e c ha ra c t e r s, t he a u t ho r s i n t e n
tio n wa s to m a k e t he se em i n
gl y i m p o ssi bl e a nd m i ra c ul o u s the

rea l, a nd by a rt to m oc k us a s w e la u
g h wi t h t h e c y ni c s i n t he

p la y . The re ade r m a y se e Ca m pa n e lla

’
s i dea s a nd A n dre a s
’
re

p ro du c e d i n t he li n e

A l l t hi n gs i n c om m on

Ca m pa n e lla w ri t e s :
“
The co m m u n i ty o f wom en i s li k e wi se o n e o f
”
t he i r i n st i t u t i o n s . Co m pa r e
No ma rr yi n g ’
m o n g hi s su b e c ts j .

’
T he r e ca n be no do u bt t ha t t he se w o rds of G o n za lo s po i n t t o
G on za lo . Iw ou l d wi th su c h pe rfe c t i o n g o ve rn , si r
’
x
T e c e l t h e go lden a ge .

T hi s i s t h e k ey t o t h e p a ssa ge T h e Ro si c ru c i a n s b eli e e d i n t h e Go l de n
. v
Age o r M i ll e n n i u m , a n d i ts re tur n w i t h t h e e n d o f t h e Ti m es .
37 6 G E NE R A L R E M A R K S .

t he s e li t e ra r y Ut o pi a s o r P hi lo so phi ca l Re pu bli c s w e c i t e An d .

it is Ca m pa n e lla s
c u ri o u s
’ “
y
C i t o f t he S u n w a s p u bl i she d 1 6 2 3 ,

t he sa m e da t e a s t he F o li o pla s a n d t he De A u gm e n t i s y .

The fa c t t ha t
’
a c o n s la s t w o r , B
p u bli she d i n 1 6 2 7 , t he k y ea r

aft e r he di e d, pr e s e n t s u s w i t h t he ide a l p o rt ra i t o f a n i sla n d

p la c e d m i d o c ea n , a n d t ha t t he la s t
-

p la w r i t t e n a nd
p la ced rs t y fi
i n t he 1 6 2 3 F o l i o a lso is la id p on
u a n is la nd, c a rri e s a c e rt a in
a m ou n t o f e v i de n c e
by p a ra lle li sm a lo n g w i t h i t Pr o sp e ro dea ls .

in j u st t ha t s o r t o f m a
gi c w hi c h Di sra e li m a i n t a i n s i s Ro si oru

c ia n . A n d t he re i s t he fu rt he r p a ra ll e l gi e n by J o hn H e do n , v y
w ho fi
i de n t i e s
’
a con s
“
B
Ne w A t la n t i s w i t h t he La n d O f t he
” “

Ro si c ru c i a ns .
”
We ha v e a lrea d yf ou nd t ha t t he a u t ho r o f
“
The
T e m p e st wa s t hi n ki n
g of t he Ro si c ru c i a n U t o pi a s of Ca m pa n e l la
’
a nd J o hn Va le n t i n e A n dre a s, w he n he pu t s i n G o n z a l o s m ou t h
t he de sc ri pt i o n of a n i dea l Re pu bli c , a lr ea d y cited by us . It i s

pe rfe c t l y t ru e G o n za l o s sp e e c h r e a ds li e
’
k sa t i re ra t he r t ha n

t ru t h . B u t w e m u st a
g ina r e m e m be r P ro sp e ro t e rm s hi m hi s
“ ”
tru e p reserver .

H o l y G o n za l o , h o n ou ra bl e m a n ,

M in e e yes e v e n soc i a bl e t o t h e sho w of t hi n e

F a ll fe ll o wy dro ps .

0 g o o d G o n z a lo
M y tru e p r ese r ver a nd a l oya l si r
T o hi m tha n
’

f o llo w st
v
.

T e m pe st , a ct . se .

It i s o u r c on vi ct i on G o n z a lo i s i n t rodu c e d a s a n e m ble m of

fa i t h a nd m ir a c l e . He u tt e rs seem in g extra va g ces,

a n bu t t he e vi

de n t i n te n t i o n of t he p o e t a u t ho r wa s t o c o n t ra st hi s i dea l u t te r

a n c es a nd lo n gi n gs f a vou ra bly a ga i ns t the scep ti cs a nd i nc redu lou s

fi
sco brs who la u gh a t hi m .

Ad . Wi do w Di do sa i d y o u ? Yo u m a k e m e stu d y of t ha t
S he w a s of C a rt ha g e , n o t o f Tu n i s .

Gon . Thi s Tu n i s , si r , wa s Ca rtha ge .

Ad . Ca rt ha g e ?
G en . I y ou Ca r tha ge
a ssu re .

Ad H i s w o rd is m o re t ha n t he m i ra c u l o u s h a rp .

S eb . H e ha t h ra i se d t h e w a ll a nd ho us es t o o .

A nt . Wh a t i m po ss i bl e m a t t e r w i ll h e m a k e ea s y ne xt ?
 G E NE R A L R E M A R K S .
37 7

S eb . I thi nk h e w ill c a rr y t h i s i sl a nd h o m e i n hi s p o c k e t , a n d gi v e i t hi s
so n for a n a
ppl e .

An t . A n d sow i n g t h e k e rn e l s of i t i n the se a ,
b ri n g fo rth m o r e i sl a n ds .

Go n . Ay .

(A c t 11 . so .

We G o n z a l o i s ri ght u p o n the m a tter of T un i s ha vi n g been

se e

A n d t hi s su gge st s t he p o e t s i n t e n t i o n w a s t o sho w
’
a r tha ge !
’

G o n z a lo b e i n g ri ght o n o n e p o i n t , i s ri ght i n a ll hi s u ttera n ces .

It m a y b e o b se r v ed G o n z a lo
’
s c ri t i c s a re t he u n b e li e v e rs w ho

g ra du a ll a y re b ro u ght u n de r t he p o w e r of P r o sp e ro
’
s w ra t h a nd

se l f di sc lo sur e
-

. T ho s e w ho , li k e o u rs el v e s , p e rc e i v e a m i ra c u lou s

e le m e n t fo re sha do w e d i n B a c on s
’
a rt , of a l
p a n n e d re v e la tion

a c co m
p a n yi n
g ci
p he r di sc o v yer ,
wi ll re c o gn i s e i n t he p o rt ra i t of

G o n za l o a n d hi s c ri t i c s a p a ra ll e l a ki n to the p r e se n t
p o si t i o n of

t he B a c on S ha k e sp e a r e p ro b l e m i n E n gla n d .

The y ea r B a c on di e d
“

B e n J o n so n w rot e a Ma s q ue

ca ll e d T he F o r t u n a t e I l
s e s,
”
w hi c h w a s de s i g n e d fo r t he C o u r t
on T w e lft h Ni ght o f t ha t y ea r . B oth t he t i t l e a nd t he i n t e r n a l

e vi d en c e p o i nt t o t he pla y of T he T e m p e s t .
”
In i n t r o du c i n g
on e J o hphi e l, iry sp i ri t, i t i s c e rt a i n B e n J o n so n i s p a rodyi n g
a n a

A ri e l . Tha t P r o sp e r o ho lds s o m e s o rt o f a f n i t t o J u pi t e r, m u st fi y
b e p a t e n t t o t ho s e w ho r e e c t u p o n t he i n t ro du c t i o n o f t he fl
q
c la ssi c a l M a s u e w i t h C e re s , J u n o , a n d ri s , o r t he s e e c h w he re
p I ’

he sa y s
“
H e ha s ri ft e d t he st o u t o a k wi th J ov e
’
s own b o lt

E n ter , r un n i n g, J O H P H IE L , a n a i r y sp i r i t, a n d (a ccordi n g to the M a gi ) the i n

a tti r ed i n l i ght s i l ks of severa l c o l ou r s, w i th
’
te l li gen c e of J u p i ter s sp he re

wi n gs of the sa m e, a br i ght ye l l o w ha i r , a c ha p l e t of flo w er s, blu e si lk s tock

i n gs, a nd p ump s, a nd gl oves , w i th a s i l ver fa n i n hi s ha n d.

J o hp Lik e a l i gh t n i n g fro m t h e sk y ,

v
.

Or a n a rro w s h o t b y Lo e,

Or a b i rd of hi s l e t fly
d v
’
Be t a s pa rro w , o r a o e

Wi t h t ha t w i n g e d h a s t e , c om e I ,

L o o se d fro m t h e s ph e re o fJ v o e,

T o w i s h g o o d n i gh t o

T o y o u r de li gh t .

Th e F o rtu n a te Il s es, a ct

Th e F o rt u n a te Il s e s, a n d t h ei r Un i on , c e l e bra t ed i n a M a s qu e de si gn e d
for t h e Cou rt , on t h e Tw e l ft h -
N i gh t ,
378 G E NE R A L RE M A R K S .

In t he fo llo w i n g
’
e x t ra c t t he re i s a pa ra lle l t o G o n za lo s s pe e c h,
u po n hi s idea l C o m m o n w e a l t h, or U t o pi a , a lrea d u o t ed b
y us yq
P or . No i n t e rm i t t e d wi n d
Bl o ws h e re , b u t w ha t l e a
’
v es fl o w e rs o r fru i t behi n d .

Cho . Ti s o do u r a ll t ha t c o m es

An d e v er y
t re e do t h gi e hi s g um s v .

Pr o . T he re i s n o s i c k n e ss , n o r n o o ld a ge k n o w n
To m a n ,
n or a n
y gri e f t h a t h e da re s o w n
v
.

The re i s no h u n g e r he re , n o r e n y o f s t a t e ,
No r le a s t m b i t i o n i n t he m a gi s t ra t e
a .

Bu t ll a
a v
re e e n h ea rt e d, o pe n , fre e ,
-

A n d w h a t o n e i s , a n o t h e r s tr i e s t o b e v .

P or H e re a ll t h e da y t h e y fe a s t , t h e y s po rt
. a n d s pri n g ,

No w da n c e t he G ra c e s h a y, n o w e n u s ri n g ’
V
T o w h i c h t h e o l d m u s i c i a n s p la y a n d s i n g .

Sa r. T he re i s A ri o n , t u n i n g hi s b o l d h a rp,
ro m fl F
a t t o sh a r p ,

F or A n d lig ht A n a
. c re o n ,

He s t i ll i s o n e

P ro . S t e s i e h o ru s t he re t o o ,
Tha t Li n u s a n d o ld O rphe u s do t h ou t do

T o w o n de r .

T he F o rt u n a te Il
s e s, a ct

I t hi n k n o bo d y ,
w ho c a re ful l y re a ds t hi s m a s q u e, w ill fa i l t o

p e rc e i v e , t ha t Be n J o n s o n ha d t he pla o f The T e m p e s t y -
t he

m a gi c i sla n d o f P ro sp e ro — i n hi s m i n d s e y e w he n he w ro te
’
The
Fo rt u n a t e I sle s, i n 1 62 6 . The a bo v e i s t he de s c ri p t i o n of a n

i dea l terrestri a l p a ra di se A n d t hi s i de a i s re . fl e c t ed i n t he pla y of

T he T e m p e s t i n m a n p o i n t s a n d t o u c he s y .

F e rd i n a n d. Le t m e l i v e h e re e ver

So w o n de r d fa t he r a nd a w i fe ,
’
ra re a

M a ke thi s p la c e P a ra di s e . Te m pes t .

Thi s i s no c ha n c e m e t a pho r , a s w e m a y fi n d t he fo l lo wi n g

pa ra ll e l p o i n t i n g t o Vi rgi l s Vt h bo o
’
k o f t he ZEu e i d
C o m e u n t o t he se ye l l ow sa nd s
An d t h e n j o i n h a n ds , & c , & c . .

w hi c h e vi d y
i s p la gi a ri z e d fro m
en tl
’
Vi rgi l s de sc ri pt i o n of

Pa ra di se or the E lysi a n fie lds .

Pa i n g ra m i n e i s
rs e x e rc e n t m e m bra pa l ze s t ri s
C o n t e n du n t l u do , et f u lva l u c ta nt u r a ren a .

(Bo o k VI
 G E NE R A L R E M A RK S .
37 9

The o pe n i n g o f t he H e a v en s b y P r o sp e r o i n t he pre se n t a t i o n o f
t he m a sq ue p ro v es ou r c a se , fo r t hi s wa s u st t he he a e n l si de j v y
of t he My st e r i e s — t he i n i t i a t e be i n g fi r st le d t hro u gh a y m b li
s o ca l
de a t h i n t o T a r t a r u s or H e ll, a nd a ft e rw a rds p re se n t e d w i t h a
si
ght o f t h e G o ds o f O l m pus y . A ll t hi s i s re pre s e n t e d b y Vi rgi l
x
i n hi s si t h b o o o f t he k ”
ZE n e i d, w hi c h, e v e r si n c e Wa r bu rt o n ’
s

“ ”
D i v i n e L e ga t i o n , ha s be en a c c e pt e d a s a de sc ri p t i o n of in itia
t i o n i n t o t he se sho w s . W hy sho u ld Ba c o n i m i ta t e a ll t hi s 2 The
re
p l yi s n ot fa r t o se e k . H e t re a ds i n t he fo o t st e p s of Vi rgi l
a nd Da nte . An d it i s j u st t he se An cien t M yt s e ri e s , c ir c li n g

ro u n d t he o r i gi n s o f t he Dra m a , w hi c h c o n st i t u t e t he p a r t i c u l a r

fou n t a i n lo r e , o f so c i e t i e s li k e t he Ro si c ru c i a n s, a n d t o w hi c h e ve n

m o de rn F re e m a so n r yt ra c e s ba c k i t s hi st o r y . We m a i n t a i n t he

i sla n d of
“
T he T e m p e s t
”
is on e o f t he F o r t u n a t e I s le s , de s c ri be d
b y L a m b e rt u s F lo ri du s a s Pa ra di sus i n su la i n oc ea n o i n or i e n te, or

of Oly m pi o do m s (M SS C o m m e n t a r . y on t he G o rg i a s of P la t o ) ,
w hi c h he ca ll s t he I sla n ds o f t he Bl e ss e d — o f t he e m a n c i a t e d s o u l
p
—t ha t i s, of Tru th a nd L i ght .

T he c u ri o u s
p a rt i s t ha t t hi s m a s q ue i s fu ll of t he Ro si c ru c i a n s,
w ho m B e n J o n s o n i den tifies wi th the p la yers .

Ill er ef o o l .Id o l i k e t h e i r s ho w ,
A n d w ou ld h v a e tha n ked t he m , b e i n g t h e fi rs t g ra c e
Th e c om p a n y of t h e Rosy -
c ro ss h a t h do n e m e .

J ohp . Th e c om pa n y 0
’
t h e Ro sy -
c ro ss , y o u wi dge o n
T he c o m pa n y of [t h e ] pl a y e rs G o , y ou
. a re ,

A n d w i ll b e s t i ll yo u rse l f ,
a M e re fo o l , i n
An d ta k e yo u r po t .
of h o n e y h e re , a n d h og sgre a se ,

S e e w h o ha s gu l l e d y o u , a n d m a ke on e.
[E xi t M e re fo o l .

It i s q u ite a m i st a k e t o t hi n kJ o n so n i n t r o du c e s t he Ro si c ru c i a ns
m
onl y to ma k e fu n of t he m . He m a k es fu n of on e M e re fo o l,
w ho is se e ki n
g to en ter t he i r ra n k s . B u t i n hogsgrea se i s t he re
f
n o re e r e n c e t o Ba con

Lord B a c o n a do pt e d du ri n g h i s l i fe t i m e t he c re s t o f a boa r , or H og, w hi c h

m a y b e s e e n u p on t h e c o er o f t h e v N o v u m Orga n u m , 1 62 0 Thi s sh o w s h e .

e n t e re d p e rfe c t l y i n t o t h e j o k e o f t h e pl a y u p o n hi s n a m e Ba c o n .

Ha ng H o g i s L a t i n fo r B a c on .

( M e r ry Wi
u
v es o f Wi n dso r .
38 0 G E NE R A L R E M A R K S .

Sa r. A n d Am phi o n h e is t he re .

P or . No r i s A po llo da i n t y t o a ppe a r

In su c h a qu i re a l t h o u gh t h e t re e s b e t hi c k .

P ro . H e w i ll l o o k i n , a n d se e t he a i rs b e qu i c k ,
A n d t ha t t he t i m e s b e t ru e .

P or . The n , c ha n t i n g .

P ro . T he n ,
Up wi t h th e i r n o te s , t he y ra i se t h e Pri n c e of Me n .

Sa A n d s i n g t h e pre se n t p ro ph e c y t ha t g o e s
r. .

i oin in
g t he b ri g h t L i ly a n d t h e Ro s e .

T he li l y a nd t he r o se a re t he t w o Ro si c ru c i a n fl o w e rs . We
ha v e a l rea d yf
H e do n i de n t if i n g
ound y y B a con s
’
Ne w A t la n ti s
”

w i t h t he la n d o f t he Ro si c ru c i a n s Bu t . t he A t la n t i s, a c cor di n g
to a ll t he A n c i e n t s , w a s y
O g gi a , t he sl e o f t he H e sp e ri de s, i n I
s ho rt , on e o the F o rtu n a te I sles, n t he W e s t , a n d su
f p la c e d i pp o se d

t o b e t he bi rt h p la c e a n d ho m e o f J u pi t e r, a n d o t he r g o ds o f
-

y
O l m pu s H o w i s i t J o n so n i n t ro du c e s the Rosi cruci a ns i n con
.

n ec ti o n wi th the F ortu na te I sles ? Fo r t he sla n d o f A t la n t i s ha s I

be en a bu n da n tl y i de n t i fi ed wi th n ot on l y Av a lo n , or t he G ra ss

G re e n I sla n d o f A pp le s (a n o t he r na m e fo r t he He sp e ri de s), bu t
w i t h t he Pa ra di se a n d I n fe rn a l Re gi o n s o f t he A n c i e n t s \Ve .

fi n d i n t he na m e s o f t he Sha k e sp e a r e T hea t r e s t i t l e s w hi c h a r e

s t ra n
g e l y Ro si c ru c i a n — t he Ro s e , t he S w a n, t he Phoe n i x , t he
Cu rt a i n (o r V e i l ) , t he G l o b e ; a n d m o r e o e r , w e fi n d i n t h e . v
C o n fe ssi o n o f t he Ro si c ru c i a n F ra t e r n i t
”
o f 1 61 5 , t ha t
“
o n e of y
the grea test i mp osto rs bei n g a s ta ge p la yer, a ma n wi th su fli c i ent

i n gen u i ty for i mp osi ti o n

”
T he fa c t t ha t a r e li gi o u s so c i e t li e t he
. y k
Ro si c ru c i a n s sho u ld ca ll a t t e n t i o n to the sta ge, or to a n a ctor up on i t,
v
i s pre gn a n t w i t h pro fo u n d e i de n c e i f c a r e fu l l c o n s ide re d a t a ll y .

y v y
’

The re i s onl on e c on c ei bl e t p e o i i m po s t o rshi p

a . c o n n e c te d
wi t h o u t si de hi s p ro fe ssi o n , a n d tha t i s a u thorship
a sta ge p la yer .

S ha k e s p ea re wa s bo t h a ctor a n d r e pu t e d a u t ho r .
 C HAPTER V .

“
Y WAR
’
B AC O NS HOL .

O NE of t he t i t l e s by w hi c h t he Ro si c ru c i a n F ra t e rn i t yw k a s n ow n

“ “ ”
w a s t he Va lley of In t he 1 61 4 F a m a F ra tern i ta ti s
we re a d: “
T ru t h i s p ea ce a ble, b ri e f, a nd a lw a y s li k e he r s e l f i n a ll
t hi n gs . Eu ge n i u s P hi la l e t he s a tt a c h e s t he fo llo w i n g a ddre ss t o
t he Ro si c ru c i a ns t o t he fi r st c ha pt e r of hi s “
A n t hro p o so phi a
T he o m a gi c a T o t he M o st Ill u st r i o u s a n d t ru l y r e g e n e ra ted

b r e t hr e n R C t o t he p ea ce p o s t l e s o f t he c hu r c h i n t hi s
lovi n g a
-
. .
,

from the cen tre of p ea ce (Wa i t e s

” ’
c on t e n ti ou s
g a e, sa lu t a t i o n
e di t i o n ,
“
M a gi c a l W ri t i n g s of T ho m a s Va u gha n,
”
Eu ge n i u s
Phi la l e t he s) . B a c on i s fo n d o f se v e ra l t i m e s i n t ro du c i n g i n hi s
w ri t i n gs t he fo ll o w i n g An d a s Al e x a n de r B o rgi a wa s w on t t o

sa
y of t he e xp e di t i o n of t h e F r e n c h fo r Na ple s ,
t ha t t he y ca me
w ith c ha l k i n t he i r ha n ds t o m a r k p t he i r lo dgi n g s, a n d n o t
u

w i t h w ea p o n s to fight ; so I li k e b e t t e r tha t en try of tru th whi ch

com e th p ea cea bly wi th cha lk t o m a r k p t ho s e m i n ds w hi c h a re
u

ca
p a bl e t o l o dge a n d ha rb o u r i t , t ha n t ha t w hi c h c o m e t h wi t h

p u gn a c i t y
a n d c on t e n t i on (Re da rgu t i o ) Ve r c ur i o u sl
”
. y y t hi s
fo rm s a ga i n t he t hi rt fift h a pho r i sm o f t he rs t bo o o f y -
fi k th e
“
Novu m Orga n u m, a n d t hi s i s t he n u m b e r o f t he pla s i n y th e

1 6 2 3 F o li o Ca t a l o gu e . In a l e t t e r t o S i r Tho m a s B dl y h
o e e
“
w ri t e s If you be n ot o
f the lodgi n gs cha lked up . T he c o n n ect io n

T h e re i s a som ew ha t re m a rk a
bl e do c u m e n t i n t he L a t i n l a n gu a ge p ro
fe s s i n g t o b e t h ere c ord o f a m a so n i c m e e t i n g o f t h e pe ri o d, b i n di s c o e re d v
re c e n t l y i n G e rm a n y , a l o n g w i t h L o dg e m i n u t e s o f t h e H a g ue , da t e d 1 6 37 ,

a n d st y e d L o dg e o f t h e
l ‘

’
a l l e y o f Pe a c e V
T hi s do c u m e n t i s c a ll e d t h e .
’

C h a rt e r o f Col o gn e It h a s b e e n pri n t e d i n E n gl i sh , a n d i s t o b e fo u n d i n
.

”
H i st o ry t h e T e m pl a rs (T he F r e em a
’
D r B u rn e s
'
of son s Qu a r ter l y

M a ga zi n e
’
T he F r eem a son s &c .
)
 38 2 B A C ON S
’ “
H OL Y WA R .
”

of p ea ce a nd w ar — t ha t i s, s o ldi e rs w ho do n ot a c tu a ll y fi ght ex

ce
p t w i t h c ha l ki n t he i r ha n ds— i s e m in e n t l y su
gg e s t i e o f a p eav ce

a ble c rus a de , o r r e fo rm a tion , a nd a s it a

pp e a rs o n e o f t he t i t l e s of

t he Ro si c ru c i a ns wa s M i li tia Cru cife ra E ca n geli ca . In 1 5 9 8 t he re

wa s a m e e ti n g of t he m a t L u n e n b u rg (vide De Q uinc e y ’
s Essa y) .

We ha v e t he a u t ho r i t y of J o hn Va l A n dre a . s t ha t t he so c i e t yw a s

fo rm e d ou t o f the ru i ns o
f the Kn i ght Temp la rs .
”
Li k e t he la t t e r,

t he y a im ed a t r e b u il di n
g t he T e m p l e . A sce nda mu s a d m on tem
ra ti o n a bi le m c l oe di ficemus do m u m S a p i en ti a e Su m m u m
”
B onum ,
”

F lu dd, If t he st u de n t w i ll r ea d a c o n s H o l Wa B ’
y r wi t h

t hi s i n hi s m i n d, he w i ll se e t ha t B a con s
’
ide a of a c ru sa de ca rr i e s

out t hi s i de a . A n d he w i ll, I t hi k n , e a si l yp e rc e i v B
e a con do e s
n o t s e ri o u sl yp p ro o se a re a l wa r wi th swords, bu t ra the r on e wi th

p en s . Fo r I m f a o o pi n i o n , t ha t e x c e pt
y o u c o u ld b ra y Ch i r st e n

l
( O Ill in a m o r ta r, a n d m o u ld i t i n to a n ew p a r t, the re i s n o p ossi bi li ty

o
f a Holy kV ar .
”
The p ossi ble a n d t he i mp ossi ble a r e w o n de rfu l l y
di sc u sse d i n t hi s t ra c t . B a c on gi v
e s a s o r t o f hi n t w he n he sa s: y
“
Ex c e p t t he yh a d t he gi ft o f Na v i u s t ha t t he y c o ul d, hew ston es

w i th p en kn i ves -
. M a rtin s— o n e o f t he s i x c ha ra c t e rs o f t he di a

lo g ue -
i s i n t ro du c e d t hu s :
“
Bu t l e t i f y o u t hi n go o d, gi e
u s, k v
Ma r t i n s l ea v e to p r o c e e d i n hi s di sc o u rse fo r m e t ho u ght he
s
pa k e li k e a D ivi n e i n A rmo ur .
”
The de r m a y p e rc e i v e by t he
r ea

t i t le (H o l y Wa r) a nd a n u m be r o f s u c h hi n t s t ha t , a c on is B
t hi n ki n
g of t h e C ru sa de s a nd t he T e m p la rs . T he gre a t m o t t o o f
C o n st a n ti n e , w ho ga v e t he o rde r t he r e d c r o ss , i s i n t rodu c e d

“
t hu s Ye t ou r L o r d t ha t sa i d o n e a r t h, t o t he Di sc i pl e s, I te et

p rce di c ate, sa i d fro m He a v en t o C o n s ta n tin e , In ho c si gno ri nses .

Wha t Chris tia n soldi e r i s t he re t ha t w i ll n ot be t o u c he d w i t h a

Re li gi o u s e m u l a t i o n , t o s e e a n order o f J esu s, or of S a i n t F ra n ci s,

or of S a i n t A u gu sti n e do su c h s e r i c e , fo r e n la rgi n g t he C hr i s t i a n v
bo rde rs ; a n d a n o rde r o f S a i n t Ia go, o r S a i n t M i cha e l, o r S a i n t
y
George, o n l t o ro b e a n d fea st a n d p e rfo rm ri t e s a n d Ob se r a n c e s l
”
v
Ma r kh ow a ll t he se Orders a re i n t r o du c e d i n c o n t ext w i t h Chri s
”
ti a n sol di ers ! T he m o t t o , I n hoc si gn o vi nces, ma y be re fo u n d in
t he
“
M a rri a ge of C hri st i a n Ro s yC ro ss ,
”
1 61 6 . T hi s m o t t o w en t
 E A C ON S
’
H OL Y WA R .
”
38 3

w i t h t he si
g n se e n by C o n s t a n tin e i n t he he a v e n s, t he fi yC er r o ss .

An d i n B a c on s
’ “
Ne w A t la n t i s,
”
we re a d: “
T he m o rr o w a ft e r
o ur t hre e da y s w e re pa ss e d, t he r e ca m e to us a n ew ma n t ha t w e

ha d n o t se e n b e fo r e , c lo t he d i n b lu e a s t he fo r m e r w a s , sa v e t ha t
”
hi s t u rb a n w a s w hi t e , wi th a sm a ll red cross on the top . T hi s
Ne w A t la n t i s,
”
J o hn H e do n i de n t i y fi es li n e fo r li n e , w o rd fo r
w o rd, w i t h t he
“
L a n d of the Ros ic ru ci a
In m y o pi n i o n a c o n s ns B ’

y
Ho l W a r , w ri t t e n i n 1 6 2 2 , a n d p la ced a t P a ri s, i s a p ro fo u n d
”

hi n t fo r t he M i li ti a E va n ge li ca Cru cifera , o r Ro si c r u c i a n s , w ho m
w e he a r o f a t P a ri s, n e t ea r
-

g x y
a t a m e e t i n , t he n u m b e r s

b ei n g c u ri o u sl y t hi t y r -
si x , o r t he
b e r o f t h e p la s i n t he 1 6 2 3
num y
F o li o . A ll t hi s , i f c o i n c i de n c e ( u l y, i s e r c u ri ou s W hy do e s v y .

B a con la y t hi s di a l o gu e a t P a r i s ? T he s t l e o f t he w ri t i n g i s y
a t t he c om m e n c em en t A lchem i ca l—
p ro fo u n d hi n t w o r t h n o t e a y .

I
H e re b e fo u r o f y o u , t hi n w e re a b le t o m a e a go o d w o rld 5 k k
fo r y o u a r e a s diffe ri n g a s t he fou r e le men ts, a n d y e t y o u a re
fri e n ds A s fo r E up oli s, b e c a u s e he i s t e m p e ra t e , a n d w i t ho u t
.

p a s si o n he m a y b e t he fif th E ssen ce
,
. If w e fi v e (P olli o) m a k e t he

Grea t IVorld, y o u a l o n e m a y m a k e t he L i ttle (pa ge T he

v
de r p e r ce i e s t he re fe r e n c e he re t o t he M a crocosm os a n d M i cro
re a

cosm os t he G r e a t a n d L i t t l e W o r lds — w hi c h w a s o n e o f t he
-

Ro si c ru c i a n t en et s ( se e F lu dd s w o r
’
k s p a ssi m ) . T hi s t ra c t i s fu l l
of M a so n i c a lle go r y a nd hi n t s fro m b e gi n n i n g t o e n d A n d he r e .

le t u s re m a r k ,
it is n ot a sa t i r e B
a c o n w r i t e s i n t he l e t t e r t o
.

La n ce ot l A n dre w s, Bi
pr e ed t o it :
s ho p o f Bu t W i n c he st e r ,
fix “

re v v y
o l i n g w i t h m se lf m y w ri t i n gs, a s w e ll t ho se ha e p u bli she d I v
a s t ho se w hi c h I
ha d i n ha n d, m e t ho u ght t he w e n t a ll i n t o t h e y
Ci t y ,
a n d n on e i n t o t he Temp le ; w he r e b e c a u se I ha v e fo u n d so

g re a t c o n so la tion , Id e si re li k e w i se to m a k e so m e
p o o r o bl a tion .

“
We w ere a ll di st rib u t e d a m o n gs t t h e L ords , b u t o u r o ld L o rd '

a nd I
v
,

m o st u n w ort h y w ere t o ri de e e n w i t h t h e k i n g , e a c h o f u s b e a ri n g a sn o w
” “
w hi t e e n si g n wi th a R ed Cr oss ( M
a rri a g e o f Ch ri s t i a n Ro se n k re u t z

Ha i n g v re
pl i e d t h a t Iw a s a Bro t h e r of t h e R ed Ros i e Cross , & c . I
( bi d .

p .

Th e T e m pl a rs w ere t h e fa m o u s Red Cross Kn i ghts w h o m S pe n se r ha s

ta k en i n hi s F a er y Qu een t o t ypi fy p erfe c t h o l i n e ss o r t h e C hu rc h .

384 B A C ON S
’ “
H OL Y WA R .
”

T he re fo re Ihv a e c ho s e n a n a rg u m e n t , m i r ed o
f Re ligio us a nd Ci vi l
c o n s ide ra t i o n s, a n d li k e w i se mi x ed be t w e e n Con wmpla ti ve a nd

A c ti ve . F o r w ho ca n t e ll w he t he r t he re m a y n ot be a n E xori ere
A li gu i s ? G rea t m a t t e rs (e spe c i a lly if t he y b e Re ligi o u s) ha v e

(m a n y tim es ) sm a ll b e gi n n i n g s, a nd the P la tform ma y dra w on the

B u i ldi n g De di c a t o r Epi st le y
The re a de r m a y s e e b y t he a llu s i o n t o t he Tem ple a n d i ts bu i ld
i n g, t ha t B a c o n i s r e fe rr i n g t o t he H ouse of Wi sdom —t he T e m pl e

of S o lo m o n ! He w ri t e s of t he Pri n c e s of t he W o rld : “
Fo r
t he yhv a gre a t p a t h i n t he s e a s , u n t o t he e n ds o f t he
e m a de a

w o rld ; a n d s e t fo rt h shi p s a n d fo r c e s o f S pa n i sh, En gli sh, a n d

D u t c h e n o u gh t o m a e C hi n a t re m b l e k
An d a l l t hi s fo r p ea rl, o r .

s t o n e , o r s pi c e s b u t fo r t he p e a rl o f t he Ki n gdo m o f Hea e n , o r v
t he st o n e s o f t he h e a enl v y
J e ru sa l e m , o r t he spi c e s o f t he Sp o u s e s
’

G a rde n , n ot a m a r t ha t h b e e n se t u p .
”
It m a y b e p e rc e i v ed by
t hi s hi n t of Co n temp la ti ve a nd A cti ve a r u m e n t s w ha t he
g r ea ll y
m ea ns U po n pa ge 38 he wr i t e s :
. w a s e e r o f O pi n i o n t ha t
“
I v
t he P hi losopher s S ton e a n d a n Holy l Va r w e re b u t t he ren dezv ou s
’

o
f c ra cke d b ra i n s
’
a c o n s sa i n
g t.h By B
a t he c o m e s
“
w i th cha lk y
i n his ha n ds to m a rk up lodgi n gs p ea cea bly, he s ho w s ho w a d e rse v
he w a s to a n
y fo rc i b le e n t r y of Tru t h, by m ea ns of
pu gna c ity or

c on t en tion . It i s t he re fo re n e c e s sa r yt x o e a m i n e t hi s t ra ct pa r t
a

fro m t he se ri o u s o r su rfa c e p ro p o si t i o n fo r a n e w c ru sa de It
.

se e m s t o u s t ha t i n t hi s Adv e rt i se m e n t i s hi dden so m e s o c i e t y of

a re fo rm i n g o r r e li gi o u s c ha ra c t e r .

The fi rst st ri ki n
g t hi n g t ha t ca lls ou r a t t e n t i o n i s t he m a r k ed

wa y B a con , i n t hi s “
H ol y Wa r ,
”
p re s e r v es t he t ru e a n ti -
i nfide l
spi ri t , i n hi s de n o u n c e m e n t o f t he Ott om a ns or Tu r k s, w hi c h w e
“
s ha ll sho w is a ls o a Ro si c ru c i a n fea t u re . Bu t le t m e re c a ll
m y s e lf I m t k wlus a c no e dge t ha t w i t hi n t he spa c e of fi ft y y e a rs

(w he re o f I p k ) th
s a e e re ha v e b e e n t hre e n o bl e a nd m e m o ra ble
i
a ct on s u po n t he i n fide ls, w he re i n t he C hri st i a n ha t h b e e n t he
in vad er . F o r w he r e i t i s u po n t he de fe n s i e , v I re c k on it a wa r

of na t u re , a nd not of p i e t y . T he fi rs t wa s t ha t fa m o u s a nd fo r
tu na te wa r by sea ,
t ha t e n de d i n t he Vi c to ry o f L ep a n to w hi c h
 B A c o zv s
’
H OL y WA R .
”
38 5

ha t h pu t a b o o k i n t o t he n o s t ri l s o f t he O t t o m a ns t o t hi s da y

(p . Thi s ba tt le , w hi c h de c i de d t he fa t e of Eu ro p e , w a s

f o u ght i n 1 5 7 2 , t he sa m e y ea r a s t he Ma ssa c r e of Sa i n t B a rt bo
l o m e w, a nd i t wa s t hi s y ea r t he sta r or c om et a
pp ea r e d in
Ca ssi o p e a w hi c h ha s b e e n by s o m e su pp o se d t o b e t he sta r of

B e t hle he m . B a c on a
g a i n w ri t e s o f t h e T u r s
(i n t hi s k “
Ho l y
S o t ha t if t hi n gs b e r i ght l yw e i gh e d, the E mp i re o f the
y fi
Tu rks m a y b e t ru l a f rm e d, t o b e m o r e ba rba r ou s t ha n a n y o f
t he s e . y y
A c ru e l t ra n n , b a t he d i n t h e bl o o d o f t he i r Em pe rors ,
u po n e v y er su c c e s si o n : a he a p of v a s sa ls a n d sl a v es : no n o b e s, l
no e n t le m e n : no fr e e m e n , no i n h e ri t a n c e of la n d, n o st i rp o r
g
-

a n c i e n t fa m i li e s : a e o
p p el t ha t i s w i t ho u t na t u ra l a ffe c t i o n , a nd

a s t he S c ri p t u re sa i t h, t ha t r e ga rde t h n o t t he de si re s of w om e n :

a nd w i t ho u t p i e t y o r ca r e t owa rds t he i r c hi ldr e n : a na ti o n w i th

ou t m o ra l i t y ,
w i t ho u t l e t t e r s, a rt s, or sc i e n c e s ; t ha t ca n sc a r c e

m ea su re a n a c re of la n d, or a n ho u r of t he da y : ba se a n d
sl u t t i sh i n b u i ldi n gs , di e t s, a nd t he li k e : a nd in a w o rd, a v y er

r e pro a c h o f hu m a n so c i e t y : a nd y e t t hi s na t i o n ha t h m a de t he

g a rde n o f t h e w o rl d a w il de rn e s s fo r t ha t a s i t i s t r ul y sa i d, c on

c e rn i n g t he Tu rks Wh ere Otto ma n s

’
horse p eop le wi ll
sets hi s foot ,

come up very thi n (p . I c o n fe ss t ha t i t i s m o

y p i n i o n t ha t

a wa r u po n t he T u r k s is m o re w o rt h y
t ha n u p o n a n y o t he r

g e n t i le s, i n fi de l s, g e s, t ha t e i t he r ha e b e e n , o r n o w a r e ,
o r sa v a v
bo th i n p o i n t o f r e li i o n a n d i n p o i n t o f ho n o u r
g
’J
Di re c t l w e . y
“
t u rn t o t he Ro si c ru c i a n C o n fe ssi o n o f 1 6 1 5 , w e fi n d t he sa m e

a n ti
p p l
-
a n d a n ti M a hom e t sp i ri t di spla
a a e d -
a y s by B a c on ,
“
Al
v
t ho u gh w e b e li e e o u r s e lv e s t o ha e su f c i e n t l v fi y u n fo lde d t o you

i n t h e Fa m a, t he na t u re o f o u r o rde r , w he r e i n w e fo ll o w t he w i ll

of ou r m o st e x c e lle n t fa t he r, n or ca n by a n
y be su sp e c t e d o f

he re s y ,
n or o f a n
y a t t e m pt a
g n st t he c o m m o n w e a l t h, w e he r e b
i
a y
do c o n de m n t h e E a st a n d t he IVest (m e a n i n g t h e P ep e a n d M a ho m et)
”
f o r t h e i r bla sphe m i e s a ga i n st o u r Lord J esu s Chri st (c ha pt e r i .
,

C o n fe ssi o Fra t e r n i t a t i s R C , a d Eru di t o s . . . A ga i n ,

i n t he “
Ad v e rt i s e m e n t
”
we rea d: “
An d a s w e do se c u re l y ca ll
t h e P o p e A n t i c hri st , w hi c h w a s fo r m e rl y a ca p i t a l o ffe n c e i n e v er y
2 B
38 6 E A C ON S
’
H OL Y WA R .
”

l
p a c e , so we k now c e rt a in l y t ha t w ha t w e he re k e e p s e c re t , we

s ha ll i n t he fu t u re t hu n de r fo rt h w i t h plift e d o i c e , t he w hi c h,
u v
re a de r, wi t h us de s i re w i t h a ll t hy he a rt t ha t i t m a y ha p p e n
m o st sp e e di l y .
”
A ga i n : k
W ha t t hi n y o u , t he re fo re , O M o r ta ls,
se e in
g t ha t w e si n c e re l y c o n fe s s C hri s t , execra te the p op e,
”
&c .

“
( p x ii i , C o n fe ssi o ,
c ha .

B a co n sho w s t hr o u gho u t hi s w r i t i n gs t he m o st i n t e n se a n ti

pa pa l spi ri t Dr A bb o t t wr i t e s :
. The E ssa on Re li gi on i n “
y
1 6 1 2 i s n o t hi n g b u t a p ro t e st a ga i n st t he c ri m e s p e rp e t ra t e d i n
t he n a m e o f t he Ro m a n su p e rs t i t i o n ; a n d e e n i n t he a m ple r v '

a nd
g ra v er E ssa y of 1 62 5 , on t he U n it y -

oi Re li gi o n , Ba con ca n

su
gge st no m ea fo r p ro c u ri n g U n i t ,
ns y e x c e pt t he da m n i n g a nd

sen di n g to Hell for e ver those fa cts a n d op i n i o ns tha t te n d to the

supp or t o
f su ch c r im es a s Ho m e ha d en co ura ge d (Ba c o n a s a

T he o lo gi a p n, . cxi .
,
“
Es sa y s

A ga i n : “
The ge n u i n e a n d i n t e n se ha t re d fe lt by a c o n fo r B
Ro m a n i sm i s w e ll i llu s t ra t e d by t he l e t t e r he w ro t e t o T o b y
M a t t he w o n he a ri n g t ha t t he la t t e r ha d b e e n c o n v e r t e d t o t he
C hu rc h of Ro m e :
‘
And I en trea t you m u ch som e ti me s to medi ta te

the fi f sup ersti ti on i n thi s la st P owde r Trea fi t

'

up on extrem e e ec ts o son ,

a s a nother
to be ta bled a nd p i c tu red i n the cha m be rs f
o me di t a ti o n

H ell bove grou n d, a nd we ll j u stifyi n g the cens u re of the hea then tha t
a

sup ersti ti on i s worse tha n a the i sm by how m u ch i t i s less evil to ha ve

n o op i n i on o f God a t a ll tha n su ch a s i s i mp i ous towa rds Hi s Di vin e
M aj esty a nd Goodn ess .
’
Good M r M a tthew recei ve you rself from these
cou rses o f p erdi ti on (I n t r o du c t i o n , p x ii
. Ic .
,

A ga i n “
Wha t Du e ssa i s in th Fe yQ a er u een , t ha t i s Ro m e i n
B a c on s
’

p o l i cy W he re v e r
. in th E
e y s sa s he w r i t e s t he w o rd
‘
su p e rst i t i o n ,
’
we m a y ta k e i t fo r gra n t ed t ha t he i s t hi n ki n
g of
'

Ro m e (I b .
,

B a con w ri t e s i n t he “
Ad v e r t i se m e n t fo r a Ho l y \Va r

Thi s Po p e i s de c re p i t , a n d t he b e ll g o e t h fo r hi m Ta e . k o rde r,

t ha t w he n he i s dea d t he r e b e c ho s e n a P o p e o f fre sh y ea rs,

be t w e e n fi ft y a nd t hre e s c o re a n d se e t ha t he ta k e t he na me oi
'

U rba n, beca u se a P op e of tha t na m e di d first i ns ti tu te the Cruza da ,

 E A C ON S
’ “
H OL Y WA R .
”
38 7

a nd
(a s w i th a n ho l yt ru m p e t ) di d st i r up t he vo y a
g e fo r t he
Hol y La nd . T hi s i s a r e fe r e n c e di re c t t o t he Cru sa de s, a n d
no do u b t a k e y t o t he e n t ire
“
Ad v e rt i se m e n t o f a Ho l yW a r .

T he Ro s i c ru c i a n s, a c c or di n g t o Va le n t i n e A n dr e a s,
“
w e re
fo rme d ou t of t he ru i n s o f t he Kn i ght Temp la rs by o n e fa i t hfu l
b ro t he r .
”
It se e m s to us t he st yl B
e a con s
’ “
Hol y Wa r ”
is
w ri t t e n i n i s ful l of hi n t s, ha lf ca bb a li st i c a l a n d ha lf he r m e t i c ,
t he g e n e ra l s
p i r i t bei n g p a pa l a n d a ga i n st t h e T u r
a n ti -
k s .

The r e i s li tt l e do u b t t he Ro si c ru c i a n i de a o f a G e n e ra l
Refor m a ti on of So c i e t y ,
wa s a s e c r e t o r u n de r
gro u n d m o e m e n t t o v
c a rr y on t he w o r k of t he G re a t Re fo rm a t i o n (b e gu n b
y L u t he r

a n d M e la n c t h o n ) b y ,
m ea n s of a se c r e t b r o t he r h o o d or fra t e rn i t y ,

i n t he sa m e w a y t ha t F r e e M a so n r y a im s a t t he p u r i fi ca ti on of

so c i e t y by m ea n s of a p ri v a te a pp e a l to a l l t ha t i s b e s t , n o ble s t ,

a nd m o st u n se l fi sh in m a n , s t i m u la t i n g t he i n t e r e st by a c e rta in
a m ou n t of m y st e r y ,
s e c re c y ,
a n d s ym b o li sm . No t on l y t hi s t i t le
Reforma ti on of t h e w ho l e Wi de Wo rld re ca ll s t he G re a t
Re fo rm a t i o n , b u t t he i r e m bl e m ,
a c r o ss su rm ou n t e d by a ro s e ,

wa s the hera ldi c devi ce of L u ther .

*
An d t o g t he n t hi s
st re n e vi

de n c e , w e fi n d t he i r se c r e t c ru sa de or Re fo rm a t i o n w a s a ls o

(li k e Lu t h e r s )
’
a nti -

pa p a l . A m o n gs t t he i r pri v i le g e s, p o w e rs,
a nd de c la ra t i o n s, Na u dée n u m e ra t e s :
T ha t by t he i r m e a ns t h e t ri p l e c ro w n o f P e t e r w i ll b e gro u n d
i n t o t he du st .

“
T ha t t he y c o n fe s s fre e l yd p u b li c l
a n y ,
with no fe a r of

re
p r e s si o n ,
t ha t t he P o p e i s A n t i Chri st -
.

“
T ha t t he y
de n o u n c e t he bla sphe m i e s o f Ea s t a n d We s t ,

m ea n in
g M a h o m e t a n d t he P o e , a n d r e c o n i s e b u t t w o
p g sa c ra

“
T he y b o re t h e Ro s e a n d C ross a s t h e i r b a dg e , n o t b e c a u se t h e y w e re
x
Bre t hre n o f t h e C o n c o c t e d a n d E a l t e d D e w , n o t b e c a u se t h e y h a d s t u di e d
t h e b o o k c a ll e d Z o h a r, n o t b e c a u se t h e y w e re su c c e ss o rs a n d i n i t i a t e s o f t h e
a n c i en t W i sdo m Re l i gi on a n d t h e s u bli m e hi e ra rc h i es o f E l d, b u t b e c a u s e
-

t h e y w ere a n a rro w se c t o f t h e o so phi c a l di ssi de n t s , b e c a u se t h e m o n k M a rt i n

Lu t he r w a t h e i r i do l , p ro ph e t , a n d m a s t er, b e c a u se t h e y w ere ra b i dl y a n d
s

x v
e t ra a ga n t l y Pro t e s t a n t , w i t h a n u l t ra l e gi t i m a t e i o l e n c e o f a bu si e Pro -
v v
t es t a n t i sm , b e c a u se , i n a s i n gl e w o rd, t he de i c e o n t h e s e a l o f M a rt i n Lu t h e r v
wa s a Cro ss c r o w n e d h e a rt ri s i n g fro m t h e
-
c e n t re o f a Ro se
”
(p . 24 2 , Wa i t e s ’

Re a l H i st o ry o f t h e Ro si c ru c i a n s
38 8 B A C ON S
’ “
H OL Y WA R .
”

m e n t s, w i t h t he c e re m o n i e s of t he e a rl y Ch h u rc ,
re n e w e d by
t he i r c o n gr e
ga t i o n
”
(Wa i te
’
s
“
Rea l H i s t o r y f th R
o e o s i c ru c i a n s,

p 39 9 )
.

G e rm a n y d En gla n d w e re t he t w o c o u n t ri e s i n Eur o pe
a n

w he re t he Re fo rm a t i o n rst t o o fi
ho ld, a n d i t i s n o t su rp ri si n g k
i f t he vi s i t o f t he Ro s i c ru c i a n M i c ha e l Ma i e r t o En gla n d s ho u l d

ha v e ha d re su l t s . The Ro si c ru c i a ns w e re a
p ro t e s ta n t , r e li i o u s
g
so c i e t y ,
t ho r o u g hl yi n ha rm o n y with Chri s t i a n do c t ri n e s, w hi c h
i s fu r t he r p ro v e d by Ro b e r t F lu dd s
’
e x pl a na tio n o f t he i r e m bl e m ,

t he Ro s e m o u n t e d o n a Cro s s
“
In E n gla nd t he
p s e u do n m o u s a u t ho r o f t he y
Su m m u m ‘

B on u m ,
’
w ho i s s u pp o s e d t o b e Ro b e r t Flu dd, gi e s a p u re l v y
re li gi o u s x
e p la n a t i o n o f t he Ro s e C ro ss s m b o l , a ss e rt i n
g i t t o y
m ea n
‘
t he C r o s s s p ri n kl ed w i t h t he ro s y bl o od o f C hri st .
’
A ll
a u t ho ri t i e s a re a re e d u p o n o n e i m p o r ta i n t he c ha ra c t e r
g nt
po i n t
o f A n dre a s , a n d t ha t i s hi s p r e di l e c t i o n i n fa o u r o f s e c re t v
s o c i e t i e s a s i n st ru m e n t s i n t h e r e fo rm a t i o n o f hi s a
g e a n d c ou n t r y .

A c c o rdi n g t o B u hle , he ha d a pro fo u n d a n d pa i n ful se n s e o f t he

g r o ss e vi l s a n d i n n u m e ra bl e fl
a b u s e s w hi c h a f i c t e d t he G e rm a n

fa t he rla n d, a n d w hi c h w e r e re v ea l e d, n ot e ra di ca t e d, by t he lur i d
’
fi r e b ra-
n d of L u t he r s re fo rm a ti o n . The s e a b u s e s he s o u ght t o

r e dr e ss by m ea ns o f ‘
se c re t so c i e t i e s
(Wa i t e s
’ “
Re a l H i st o r y
of t he Ro si c ru c i a ns

I ha ve a s su m e d B a con s
’
m in d wa s be n t u po n s e lf sa c rific e
-
.

It i s c e rt a in l y a m o st rem a r k a bl e t hi n g, b o t h t h e “
Ad v a n c em e n t

of L eag rn i n ,
i n Tw o B k (fi
oo s rs t
p u b l i s he d a nd t he m o re

s ta t e l
“
y
De A u gm e n t i s
”
o f 1 6 2 3, com me n ce a n d e n d wi t h t he
“
i dea a n d a llu s i o n o f S a crifi ce T he r e w e r e u n de r t he la w .

( e x c e ll e n t Ki n g) b o t h da il y sa c ri fices a n d fre e wi ll -
o ffe ri n gs
”

(p
o e n in
g of F i rs t B k oo ,
bo th 1 605 a nd
“
B u t t he e rr o rs

I c la im a n d c ha l l e n ge t o m y s e lf a s m in e own . T he g oo d, i f a n y
b e , i s du e Ta n gu a m , a dep s sa c ri fici i t o be i n c e n s e d t o t he ho n o u r ,
firs t o f t he di vi n e M a e s t , j y a nd n e xt of y ou r Ma j ty
es ,
t o w ho m

on ea rt h I a m m o st bo u n de n . The se a re t he a c t ua l w o rds
c o n c u di n l g t he w o r k of t he
“
P ro fi c i e n c e a nd Ad v a n cem en t of
 ”
BA C ON S “ 8
’
H OL Y l/VA R .
3 9

L e a rn i n g, 1 605 . No w it is v er y s t ri ki n
g t ha t t he De A u g “

m en tis of 1 6 2 3 (w hi c h c o n st i t u t e s a n e n la rg e m e n t o f t he S e c o n d

B k oo of t he P ro fi c i e n c e in to e i gh t boo k s
) t e rm i n a t e s w i t h t he
sa me a llu si o n , t ho u gh t he c on te xt i s di ssi m i la r . No t wi t hst a n d
i n g, se ei n
g t he gre a t e st m a t t e rs a re o w i n g u n to t he i r pri n c i pl e s,

i t is e n o u gh t o m e t ha t Ihv a e sown u n to P osteri ty a nd the i m mor ta l

God, w ho se di i n e M a
'

v j ty I
es h u m bl y i m plo r e t hr o u gh hi s so n

a n d ou r v
Sa i o u r, t ha t h e w o u l d v o u c hsa fe gra c i o u sl t o a c c e p t y
t he s e a n d su c h li ke sa cr i fices of hu m a ne u n dersta n di n , sea son ed wi th
g
r e li gi on a s wi th sa lt, a nd i n cen sed to hi s glory (B k I Xoo .
,
t he

e n d, p 4 7 7 , 1 64 0
. A dv a n c e m e n t “
T he s e fi l w d
na or s a re

p l a c e d i n i t a li c s T h e r e w a s e v.i de n t l y so m e p a rt i c u la r a ss o c i a

tion in B a con s
’
m i n d b e t w e e n t he “
De A u gm e n t i s a n d S a cr ifice .

Fo r i n a l e t t e r t o S i r Tho m a s B o dle p y
u o n s e n di n
g t hi s b o o , he k
w ri t e s :
“
M y la b o u r s I ha ve de di c a t e d t o t he Ki n g ; de si ro u s
i f t he r e m a y b e a n y g o o d i n t he m , i t m a y b e a s t he fa t of a

sa c rifi c e
”
T hi s i de a o f sa crifice i s
. c lo se l y c o n n e c ted w i t h t he

s i m i l e o f sowi n g seed . In a l e t t e r t o D r P la yfe r, re qu e st i n g hi m

t o t ra n sla t e t he b o o k of t he “A dva n c e m e n t of L e a rn i n g in to
La t i n ' “
I ha v e t hi s o pi n i o n , t ha t if I ha d s o u ght m in e own

c o m m e n da tion , i t ha d b e e n a m u ch fi tt e r c o u rs e fo r m e , t o ha ve

do n e a s ga r de n e r s u se d t o do , by t a ki gn t he i r seeds a n d slip s, a n d

r e a ri n
g t h e m fi rst i n t o p la n t s, a nd so u t t e ri n g t he m i n po t s ,
w he n t he y a re in fl o w e r, a nd i n t he i r b e s t st a te . Bu t fo r a s
m u ch a s my en d wa s m e ri t of t he st a te of l ea rn i n g a n d n ot glory ;
a nd b e c a u se m y p u rp o s e w a s t o e c i t e o t he r m e n s w i t s t ha n x ’

y
m a gn if m y o w n I
w a s de si ro u s t o p r e e n t t he u n c e rt a i n n e ss o f v
m y o w n l ife a n d t i m e s b y u t t e ri n g ra t h e r seeds t ha n p la n t s n a y ,

“
The y th a t so w i n t e a rs sh a ll p i n j oy
re a . H e t ha t g o e t h fo rt h a n d
w e e pe t h , b e a ri n g p rec i o u s se e d, s h a ll do u b t l e s s c o m e a ga i n w i t h rej o i c i n g ,

v
b ri n g i n g h i s sh e a e s w i t h h i m (Psa l m c xxvi ’

. 5,

Wh o so w s i nt e a rs sh a ll re a p in j oy ,

T h e L o rd do t h s o o r da in
S o t h a t hi s se e d b e p u r e a n d g o o d,
H i s ha r v e st s h a ll b e
ga i n .

’
(Ba c o n s t ra n sl a t ion .
)
 390 B A C ON S
’ “
H OL Y WA R .
’

a nd fu rt he r ( a s t he p ro v e rb i s ) by so w n i g w i t h t he b a s kt e ra t he r

t ha n w i t h t he ha n d .
”
Thi s pa s sa
ge re fe rs e n t i re l y t o t he
“ ” “ ”
A dva n c em e n t of g L ea D rn i n
e A u gm e n t is I
ort i s re .

ma r k a bl e t o fi n d t he S i t h oo x B k
t re a t i n g o f S e c re t C i phe rs a n d

De li v e r y , o p e n i n g w i t h a ga i n t hi s si m ile o f sowi n g a n d ha rves t .

F o r t he re a bo o k i s fo u n d e n t i tle d F O RM I C A RIU M A RT IU M ;
w e ha v e i n de e d a c c u m u la ted li t t le he a p o f sm a l l du s t ,
a a n d la i d
up ma n yG ra i ns f
o A rts a n d S ci e n ces t he re i n , w he re t o a n ts ma y

c re e
p a nd t h e re re p o s e a w hile , a n d so b e ta k e t he m s e l v es to n ew

la bou rs . Na y ,
t he w i se st of t he ki n
gs s e n ds t he sl o t hfu l , of

w ha t ra n k or q ua li t y so e v e r, u n t o t he a n ts a nd t ho s e w e de fi ne

to b e sl o t hfu l, w ho se on ly c a re i s t o li v e u po n t he m a i n st o c k ,

bu t n ot t o i m pro v e i t by sowi n g the gro un d f

o sc i en ces over a ga i n
a nd rea p i n g a n ew ha rve st
*
(B k oo VI .
,
2 5 8, The i m p re s
si o n t hi s o pe n i n g pa ssa g e le a v e s u po n o u r m i n ds i s t ha t t hi s A r t
of T ra di t i o n or D e li e r v yB
a c o n t hu s i n t ro du c e s ha s s o m e t hi n
g
in c om m o n w i t h t he s i m i le of t he a n t s , s e e ds, a n d u n de r ro u n d
g
s t o re B a con p ro p o u n ds . It se e m s to us B a con ha s pr e s e n t e d us

t hi s s i m i le to su y
gg e st n o t o n l resu rre cti on o f hi s o w n a rt , o r o f
hi s na m e, b u t t ha t i t i s fo r u s t o de e lo p t he se u n de rgro u n d v
s e e ds , t o t i ll t he ga rde n of hi s The a t re , a n d ma k e a pro pe r u se

of t he hi n t s a nd di re c t i o n s c o n ta in ed a n d o bs c u r e d p u r
p o se ly
in t hi s w o r k . The fo re sa id p a ssa ge
a u o t e d fro m hi s q le t t e r
to Dr P la y fe r i s re n a n t
p g w i t h se f supp ressi o n a n d n o t
l -
sel f
“
glory, a s he w ri t e s of hi s st yl e of de li v e ri n g t he
“
Ad v a n ce

m en t .
”
A n d w e m u st t a k e t he hi n t he gi v e s u s o f hi s
p urp ose
“

to exci te other me n
’
s n i ts,
”
w hi c h is e v i de n t l y
pa rt o f t he o b e c t he j
ha s in vi ew c on n e ct e d w i t h t hi s p a r t i c u la r w or k — “
sowi n g wi th
the ba ske t ra ther tha n wi th the ha nc ,
”
—a s if to y t hi s w o r w a s
sa k
p re
g na nt w i t h t he so wi n
g s fo r p o st e ri t y he c o n c lu de s i t wi t h .

T h is e m b le m o f seed a n d s o w i n g i s t y pi c a l o f t h e Ro s i c m c i a n M a t e rn i ty .

Fl u dd No s
do c e t A po s t o l u s a d m y s t e ri i pe rfe c t i o n e m v e l s u b A gr i co l cc v e l

A r chi te cti t y po p e rt i n ge re
”
e i t he r — u n de r t he i m a g e of a hu s ba n d ma n w ho
cu lti va tes a fi e ld , o r o f a n a rc h i t ec t w h o b u i l ds a h ou s e . Ba con a da pt e d b o t h
t ypes , fo r i n h i s
“
Ad v a n ce m en t o f L ea rn i n g ,
”
1 6 4 0, h e st yl e s hi m se lf Ar c h i
t e c t u ra S c i e n t i a ru m .
 E A C ON S
’
H OL Y WA R .
”
39 1

U p o n pa g e 9 6 (B k II ) oo . he w r i t e s i n c on te xt w ith t he su b e c t j
o f L ost Na m es
“
Bu t su c h sw a n s a re ra r e in ou r a
ge ; a nd

a lt ho u gh m a n ym en m o r e m o rt a l i n t he i r vi i
g al n c i e s a n d st u di e s

t ha i n t he i r b o di e s desp i se the m em ory of thei r n a m es a s if i t were

n

f u m e or a i r, a n i m ce n i l m agn ce la u di s egen tes n a m e l , w ho s e philo y

s o ph y a nd se v e ri t y s
pri n g fr o m t ha t ro o t , Non p r iu s la u des
c on te m
p s i m u s qua m la u da nda f acere desci vi m u s .
”
We c a n n ot do u bt
t ha t t hi s i s w ri tt e n i n appli c a t i o n t o hi m se lf (Th e re . a re n i n e t y
fi v e w o r ds u po n t hi s pa g e i n i t a li c s ; a n d t he n i n e t y fift h w
-
o rd

a ll c ou n t ed fro m t he t o p o f t he pa ge i s P oe ts In t he a bo v e

a
p ssa ge q u ot ed w e fi n d t he s e l f c o n fe ss i o n o f -
a
gre a t m in d
de spi si n g p ra i s e , h su gg e s t i o n of a nd
'

a nd a i nat e e fia c e m e n t
g
se l f sa c ri fi c e w i t h
-
re
g a rd to a na me .
*
T ha t B a con he ld t he
e n ds h e pr o p o s e d t o hi m se lf, a n d t he i r r e su l t s b e fo r e a ll t hi n gs
fi r st a n d hi m s e l f a s n o t hi n g i s c e r t a i n .
“
F ra n cis Ve r u la m c on

Su lt e d t hu s, a nd t hu s c o n c lu de d w i t h hi m se lf ; t he pu bli c a t i o n

w he r e o f h e c on c ei v ed di d c o n c e rn t he pr e se n t a nd fu t u r e a
g e .
”

T he c o n c lu si o n o f t he s e m o t i v es of B a con s
’
t o hi s I n st a u ra tion

o f s c i e n c e s, c o n c lu de s :
“
Tru ly h e e st i m a ted o t he r a m bi t i o n w ha t
s o e v e r, i nferi or to the bu sin ess he ha d i n ha n d fo r e i t he r t he

m a tt er in c o n s u l ta ti on , a nd t hu s fa p r o s e c u t e d, i s n o t hi n g ; o r
r

so m u ch a s t he c o n sc i e n c e of t he m e ri t i t se lf ou ght to gi ve hi m

c on ten tm en t w i tho u t seeki n g a r ecom en

p se from a broa d . B e li e f in
t hi s t he o r y o f sa c ri fi ce ca n onl yb e a c c e pt e d u p o n t he grou n ds

t ha t B a con wa s t hro u gho u t a ctu a t e d b y de e p re ligi o u s fe e li n gs

The Ro s i c ru c i a n do c t ri n e s w e re c l o se l y c on n ec ted wi th sa c r i fi c e Ch ri s t
,

v
b e i n g t h e i r di i n e pa t t e rn , a n d t he i r j ew el a c ru c i fix a n d ro se . Ro b e rt Fl u dd

i n hi s Su m m u m Bo n u m a n d S op hi oe c u/ m. [ fl ori d c e r ta m en e xpl a in ed
the s ym b ol s of t h e Ro se a nd t h e C ro ss a s m ea n i n
g the Cr oss sp r i n kled w i th
t he r osy bl o od o f Chr i s t .
”
A ga i n Fl u dd w ri t e s
“
E a de m m en s si t in v bio s

qu ge e st in J e su , i . e .
,
M a y t he sa m m i n d dw e l l i n y o u a s i n e su s
e We J .
”

w ri t i n gs, a n d p a rt i c u l a rl y Fl u dd s , Chri st
’

fi n d t h ro u gh ou t t h e Ro si c ru c i a n

i den t i fi e d a s t h e C o rn e r S t o n e of v
t h e i n i si b l e T e m pl e of Wi sdom :
“
Co u
c l u di m u s J
i gi tu r qu o d e su s si t t e m pl i h u m a n i l a pi s a n g u l a ri s ; a t qu e i t a ,
e x m o rt u i s , l a p i de s vv
i i fa c t i su n t h o m i n e s p i i ; i dqu e t ra n s m u t a t i on e re a l i
a b A da m i l a psi s ta t u i n s t a t u m su as i n n o c e n t i ze e t p e rfe c t i o n i s , i e , it
” “
i li . . v
e t l e p ro sit p l u m bi c o n di t i o n e i n a u ri p u ri ssi m i p e rfe c t i o n e m ( Su m m u m
”
B on u m , p .
39 2 E A C ON S
’ “
H OL Y WA R .
"

o f e xt ra o rdi na r
y c ha ra c t e r . No bo dy a c q ua i n t e d w i t h hi s w o r k s

w i ll do u b t t ha t . And a s fa r a s i s p e rm i t te d fo r hu m a n a rt t o

pa ra v
lle l Di i n e A rt , Ib e li e v B e a c o n ha s a pp r o i m a t e d c re a t i o nx .

We ha ve t he pa ra lle l of t he si x da y s a nd t he six v
di i si o n s
of t he “
I n s t a u ra t i o n ,
”
t e rm i n a t i n g (i n t he Di s t ri bu t i o n P re fa ce )
w ith a
p ra e r : y
Whe re fo re i f w e la b o u r w i t h di lig e n c e a
“
nd

v k
igi la n c e i n t hy w o r s, t ho u wi lt m a e u s p a rt i c i pa n t s k of

t hy v
i s i o n a n d o f t hy The i n spi re d c ha ra c t e r of

B a con s
’ “
Ad v a n cem e n t
”
is a pa r t i c u la r fe a t u re of i ts own,

a n d sho u l d b e du l y re m a r k ed . T hi s w o r k c o n ta in s one hu n dre d

a nd fi ft y q t uo a t io n s or a l lu si o n s t o Sa c re d S c ri pt u re , a nd t hi s

is su ffi i t ly
c en c u ri o u s i n i t s e lf .

A n o t he r i m po r t a p o i n t t o r e gi st e r u po n t hi s su b e c t , i s
nt j
B a con s
’
re e a t e d
p a pp e a l t o po st e ri t a n d fa r o ff a ge s It y .

c a n n o t b e e x la i n e d u p o n t he a c c e p t e d u n de rs t a n di n
p g he re fe rs
t o hi s I n du c t i v e S y st e m o f P hi lo s o p h y on l y . F o r du ri n g B a con s
’

li fe t i m e G a l i le o , Ha
-
r vy e ,
G i lbe rt , a n d o t he rs w e re s u c c e s s fu ll y
a pp l i n
gy e p e x
ri m e n t a n d i n du c t i o n t o Na t u re , a n d n o b o d n ew yk
t ha t b e t t e r t ha n a con B
L e t t ho s e w ho w o n de r a t t hi s a s se rt i o n
.

re ad t he di a lo gu e c a rri e d o n b e t w e e n S p oddi n g a n d Elli s i n

t he p re fa c e t o t he P a ra sce ve The w ill fi n d Elli s de c la ri n g . y
t he B a c o n ia n Philo so ph y “
ha s yet to come , a n d t ha t B a co n s
’

e x t ra v a
g a n t c la i m s fo r hi s p e c u l i a r s st e m c a y n n ot be e x pl a in ed
u
p o n a ny a s y e t re c e v ei y
d h po t he s i s O n e o f a c o n s pro m i s e s
. B ’

w e re E xa mp les t o i llu s t ra y
t e hi s s s t e m i n p ra c t i c e T he s e c o n d .

p a rt o f t he
“
I n s t a u ra ti o n wa s to pp libe
e d t oat he fo u r t h,

w hi c h w a s t o e x e m pli f y th e m e t ho d o f t he m i n d i n t he c o m

p re he n si o n of t hi n gs u po n m o de ls, a s by a sc a le or la dde r .

Ba con w ri t e s i n t he m o s t con fid en t t e rm s u po n t he s e e xa m ple s

w hi c h w e re a pp a re n t l y v ne e r c om p l e t e d, or i f c o m ple t e d, wi t hhe ld .

Thi s fo u rt h pa rt o f th I e n s ta u ra t i o n
(a s li k e w i se t he fi ft h a nd

s i xt h
) i s m i ss i n g . Ye t i n so m e p o s t hu m o u s w ri t i n gs p u bli s he d

a t Am s t e rda m b y G ru t e r 1 6 5 3 he s
p e a k s of t w o o f t he pa r ts a s

S e e Pre fa c e , I
n s ta u ra t i o n A n d b y t he pro t e c t i o n a n d a s s i s ta n ce of

t he v
Di i n e P o w e r h a e b o r n e u p v a n d e n c o u ra g e d o u rs e l e s (p v .
 B A C ON S
’ “
H OL Y WA R .
”
39 3

i f t he y e x i s t e d, a n d in n on e of hi s w r i t i n gs e x pl a in s or a p o l o gi se s

fo r t he i r a bs e n c e . T he e n t i re B a c on a n i p hil o s o p h y i s bo u n d up

w i t h t he se m i ssi n g pa rt s, o r se c o n d ha l f of t he
“
I n s t a ur a tio n .

T he fa c t t ha t t he re i s no s k e t c h, n o hi n t of w ha t t he s e p la t fo r m s,

y
t p e s, a nd m o de l s w e re t o b e , o r a re
(b e y on d w ha t w e a ddu c e a s

t o t he pa gi n g 3 5 , 3 6, a n d t he 7 1 ca pi t a l w o rds on t h e s e pa g e s

i n hi s P re fa ce yet c on fid e n tl y a llu de d t o a s c o m pl e t e d, r e q u i re s

so m e e x pl a na t io n a nd is fi
su f c i e n t l y su sp i c i o u s . I a dhe re t o D e li a
B a con s
’
i n t u i ti v e t he o r y th a t t h e p la y s b e l o n g t o t hi s s e ri e s .

O u r L o rd a t H i s so l e m n ma n ife st a t i o n t o t he G e n t i l e s w he n
t he i n q iy u r of t he G re e k s w ho ca me sa yi n
g ,
‘
We w o u ld se e

J e s u s, w a
’
s a n sw e r e d b y t he v o ic e fro m hea v e n , sp oke o f hi mself a s

the C O RN (
OR SE E D ) of w he a t w hi c h d i n g y sho u ld a ri s e , a n d b ri n g
fo r t h m u c h fru i t .
”
T he H e bre w Ne w T e st a m e n t t ra ns a l tin g
c o rn by t he sa m e w o rd u se d a s se e d i n G e n e si s i ii 1 3 . . I
a m con v i n c e d t he sa c ri c e i m p li e d i n fi
a c o n s a u t ho rs hi p o f t h e B ’

y
p la s, a n d hi s c o n sta n t c o m pa r i so n o f P oetry to S eed, a n d hi s c o n
“ ” “
e l u si o n o f t he D e A u gm e n t i s w i t h t he w o rds, I ha ve sewen
u n to
poste ri ty a n d the i mm orta l God,
”
ha v e a p r o fo u n de r r e la tion

s hi p t o t he fo u n de r o f C hri st i a n i t y th a n we ca na t p re s e n t fo rm
a n
y i de a o f . k
It i s s t ri i n g t ha t a lm o s t t he la st w o r ds i n t he
F o li o , 1 6 2 3— t he la st a c t o f C m b e li n e — refer to Chri st a n d the y
Chu rch . F o r t he “
Li on
’
s Whelp ”
is “
the Li on f
o the tri be of J u da h,
”

t he M e s si a h (Re v . v . It i s n o t e w o rt h y t he Ro si c ru c i a n s en

t i re ly ba se d t he i r do c t ri n e s upo n t he B i bl e . T he i r a d v ent u po n

t he sta
ge of E u ro p e i s c on n e c t e d w i t h t he st ar o f B e t hl e he m ,
1 5 7 2,
a nd t he sp i r i t o f t he i r w r i t i n g s i s a n ti l In t he de s c ri p t i o n
pa pa
-
.

of t he v a u lt o f C hri s t i a n Ro s yC ro s s,
g i v en i n t he Fa m a F ra t e r
” “
n i ta t i s, w e fi n d t hi s de s c ri pt i o n : I n t he m idst , i n st e a d of a

t o m b st o n e w a s a ro u n d a lta r co v e re d with a pla t e of bra ss, a n d

t he re o n t hi s e n gra v en

A C R C Hoe
. . . . u n i versi co mp en di u m u n i u s mi hi sep u lchru m f eci .

R o u n d a b o u t t he fi r s t c i rc e o r l b ri m st o o d

”
J esu s mi hi om n i u .

“
In m y l a s t w o rk , H e rm e s S t e lla , pa g e s 1 03, 1 04 , 1 05 .
 B A C ON S
’ “
H OL Y WA R ”
'

39 4 .

A ll t hi s s ho u ld b e c om
pa r e d wi th B a con s e
’
xt ra o r di n a r yk n ow

le dg e of S c ri p t u r e , w hi c h i s re fl e c te d i n t he p la y k s n ow n a s

S ha k e sp e a re s
’
.

y “
T he t pe o f A gr ico la , o r hu sba n dm e n , w hi c h Ro b e r t Flu dd
a s c ri be d fo r t he Ro si c ru c i a n F ra t e rn i t , i s a s t ro n g pa ra lle l y
po in t i n g to t hi s p a ra bl e of se l f -
sa c ri fi ce a n d seed . T he Ro si
c ru c i a n s e vi d e n tl yt k oo Chri s t s
’
sa cri fi ce i n the se nse o
f buri ed seed

or co rn ,
p ro m i si n g fu t u r e ha r v e st , a n d it is s t ri
g ki n B a con j o in s

ha n ds w i t h i n t hi s p o i n t
t he m . I a m con v i n c e d the sa c r i fic e f o

na m e, wi th resp ec t to the a u thorship o f the p la ys kn ow n a s Sha ke

sp ea re s,
’
is c lo s e l y c on n ec ted with ll t hi s, b e i n g p a r t o f t he i r
a

se l f r e n u n c i a
-
ti v e do c t ri n e s re fl e c t e d b y t he i r he a d a n d fo u n de r,

Fra n c is B a con, t he Ki n g S o lo m o n of t he i r H o u se of \Vi s do m .

Q
De u in ce yw ri t e s :
“
I sha ll n ow su m up t he r e su lt s of my

in q iy u r i n t o t he o r i gi n a nd na t u re of Fre e m a -
so n r y ,
a n d s ha ll
t he n c o n c lu de wi th a b ri e f n otic e of one or two c o lla t e ra l
q u e st i o n s
g ro w i n g o u t o f p o p u la r e rro r s on t he m a i n o n e .

“
I . The o ri g i n a l Fre e m a so n s w e re a -
so c i e t y tha t a rose ou t o f
the Rosi c ru ci a n m an i a ,
c e r ta in l y w i t hi n t he t hi rt e e n y ea rs fro m
1 6 33 t o 1 6 4 6, an d pro ba bl y be t w e e n 1 633 a n d 1 64 0 . T he i r
j
ob e c t wa s m a gi c i n t he ca bba li st i c se n se , i . e .
,
t he occ u lt wi sdom

t ra i t t e d fr o m t he b e gi n n i n g o f t he w o rld, a n d m a t u r e d by
n sm

Chri st ; t o c o m m u n i c a t e t hi s w he n t he ha d i t , t o sea rc h fo r i t y
w he n t he yh a d it n ot a nd both u n de r a n o a th o f s e c re c y .

“
II . T hi s ob e c tj of Fr e e —
ma so n r y wa s re p re s e n t e d u n der the

Te mp le—a yp
’

f of t he t ru e C hu r c h, w ho s e
o rm o f S olom on s s a t e

c o rn e r sto n e -
i s C hri s t . Thi s t e m p le i s t o b e b u i lt of m en , or

v
li i n g s t o n e s a n d t he t ru e m e t ho d a n d a rt o f bu i ldi n g w i t h m e n
i t i s t he p ro i n c e o f m a gi c t o t e a c h v H e n c e i t i s t ha t a ll t he .

ma so n i c s ym b l o s e i t he r r e fe r to S o lom o n
’
s Te mp le, o r a re fig ura ti ev
m o de s o f xp e r e s si n
g t he i de a s a n d do c t r i n e s of ma gi c i n t he

s e n se of t he Ro si c r u c i a n s, a nd t he i r m y st i c a l p re de c e sso rs i n

g e n e ra l .

I c o n s i de r, i f t hi s la s t c o n c l u si o n o f De Q u in ce y ’
s a s to S olomo n
’
s

Te mp le i s to be a c ce
p ted a s true , then i t is ce rta i n Ba con s
’ “
New
 B A C ON S
’ “
H OL Y WA R .
”
39 5

A tla n ti s is in co nn e c ti o n wi th F ree m a -
son ry throu gh Rosi cru ci a n i sm .

B a c on s ca
’
lls hi s C o lle ge of t h e S i x Da y s S olom on
’
s H ou se, a nd

T e ni so n , i n hi s “
B a c o n ia n a ,
t e rm s t h e e n ti re
“
I n st a u ra tion

D o m u s Sa pi e n t i ae ,
”
or t he H o u se of VVi s do m .
*
My t he o r yi s

L o rd a c o n w a s t heB re
p re se n t a t i v e S o lo m o n of t he So c i et y ,
a nd

a n y o n e re fl e c t i n g u po n t he re
p e a t e d i n t ro du c t i o n s by B a con of

t hi s w ri t e r
’
s na me a nd hi s w o r k s, m u st se e t ha t B a con ha d a

sp e c ia l ob e ct j in r e p ea t in g s o o ft e n , The gl o r o f G o d i s to con y
c ea l a thi n g, bu t t he glo r y of t he Ki n g i s t o fi n d i t o u t a s if,

“
F
Th e L o n do n re e m a s o n s a l so b o rro w e d m u c h o f t h e i r phra s e o l o gy fro m
-

L o rd Ba c o n s E ssa y , y e t fresh i n m e n s m i n ds , i n w hi c h , a do pt i n g t h e i de a o f
’ ’

t h e ‘ H o u se o f Wi s do m , a t e c h n i c a l t e rm w i t h t h e Ara b a st ro l o g e rs , b e pro
’

p o se d t h e fou n da t i o n o f a S o l o m o n s H o u s e , o r a l e a rn e d c o m m u n i t y de di
‘ ’ ’

ca te d t o e xp
l ph i l o so ph y a n d t h e a d a n c e m e n t o f sc i e n c e
e ri m e n t a An v .

i m p ort a n t p o i n t i s t h e fa c t t ha t t h e Ro si c ru c i a n s a re a c k n o w l e dg e d e e n n o w v
a m o n gst t h e re e m a s o ns a s a F
degr ee o r c l a ss, a l t h o u gh di s c l a i m e d a s t h e
-

p a re n t s t oc k , a t ru t h w hi c h , i f a l l o w e d, w e re u t t erl y i n c o m pa t ib l e w i t h t h e
fra t e rn i t y s c l a i m t o i m m e m o ri a l a n t i qu i t y
’
T he G n o s t i c s a n d t h e i r
Re m a i n s, Ki n g , p p 1 7 8 , .

Do a n y o f yo u k n o w t h a t t h e A shm o l e a n M a so n ry i s a l t o ge t h e r i g n o re d
o n t h e C o n t i n e n t o f Eu r o pe it t h e S u rg eo n i n qu i re d .

Bro t h e r
‘
F re de ri c k N i c ola i ha s v
g i e n i t a de c i de d c o n t ra di c t i o n , t h e
’

Sk i ppe r re pl i e d . He sa ys t h a t the O bj e c t o f t h e m e e t i n g a t W a rri n gt o n , so

fa r fro m b e i n g M a so n i c , wa s si mpl y for t h e pu rpo se o f c a rry i n g o u t a phi l o so

p hi c a l i de a w h i c h h a d b e e n pro m u l g a t e d by L o rd Ba c o n i n h i s
“
Ne w At l a n t i s ”

o f t h e m o de l o f a pe rfe c t so c i e t y , i n st i t u t e d fo r t h e s e c re t pu rp o se o f i n t er
pre t i n g na t u re , a nd of
p ro du c i n g n e w a rt s a nd ma r v lle ou s in v e n t i on s fo r t h e
b en e fi t o f m a n ki n d, u n de r t h e n a m e Solo m o n H o u se , t h e C oll e ge of
’
of s or

t h e S i x Da y s Wo rk
’

,
w h i c h , i n pl a i n l a
g e , w a s i n t e n de d t o b e a n i de a l n gu a

s o c i e t y fo r t h e s t u dy o f n a t u ra l
phi l o s o ph y The p e r son s p r e sen t a t thes e .

m ee ti n gs a re sa i d by Ni c o l a i to ha ve been Ro s i cru c i a n s , a n d w e k n o w t hi s t o
b e t ru e o f A shm o l e h i m se lf H e a ss e rt s, fu rt h e r, t h a t t h e se m e n e re c t e d, i n
.

t h e i r L o dg e , t w o G r e a t Pi l l a rs , w hi ch t h e y ca ll e d t h e P i ll a rs o f H erm e s , i n
fro n t of Solo m o n
’
s H o u se , a n d t hey u se d a c h e qu ere d p a vm e en t, a l a dder of

se v e n sta v e s o r r ou n ds , a n d ma n y o t h e r s e c re t s ym b o ls D i sc re pa n c i es of

F re e m a s o n r y , O li v er ) .

Pro fessor B u hl e a ffi rm s a s the m a i n t h e si s of hi s c o n c l u di n g c h a p t e r,

t ha t F re e m a s o n r y is n e i t he r Ro si c ru c i a n i sm a s
m o re n or l ess t h a n m o di fi e d
b y t h o se w h o t ra n spl a n t e d i t i n t o E n gl a n d T h i s i s De Q u i n c e y s o pi n i o n
’
.

a lso : I “
F or a ffi rm , a s t h e m a i n t h e s i s o f m
y c o n c l u di n g l a b ou rs, T T HA
F RE E MA N Y N I H
-
SO R Is E T ER M N
O REL OR ESS T HAN I U I AN I M RO S C R C S AS

M OD IFI BY H W ED T OSE HO TR AN P LAN S T ED IT UN NGLAN TO Hi t E D

”
s .

C ri t i c o cha p . V .
, De Q u i n c e y ) .
39 6 B A C ON S
’ “
H OL Y WA R .
”

a c c o rdi n
g t o t he i n n o c e n t pla o f c hildre n , t he D i v i n e Ma y j ty
es

to o k de li g ht to hide Hi s works, to the e nd to ha ve the m fou nd ou t ;

a nd i f ki n gs c ou ld n o t o b ta i n a gr ea t e r ho n o u r t ha n t o b e
a s
’
y
G o d s pla fe l lo w s i n t ha t ga m e .

T hi s i s t he c hi e f t e x t a n d k e y n o t e o f a c o n s m i n d, —c o n B
’
-

c ea lm e n t a n d re se r v e . It q u it e fa lls i n wi t h hi s o t he r o b se rva
“
t io n s Let grea t a u thors so ha ve thei r du e, a s we do no t deroga te
.

f rom Ti me , whi ch i s the A u thor of A u thors a nd P a ren t of Tru th (p .

35, “
Ad v a n c em e n t, O r t hi s :
“
A no ther error i ndu ce d by
the for m er i s, a su sp i ci on a n d difii den ce , tha t a n ythi n g sho uld n ow to
be fou n d o ut, whi ch the world sho u ld ha ve missed a nd p a ssed over so

lon g ti me
”
(p 3
. 6 ,
“
Ad v a n c em e n t ,

B oth t he se pa s sa
ge s a re u po n p a
g e s n u m b e re d 35 a nd 36,
w hi c h a gre e w i t h t he t hi rt yfi -
ve p la y
i n t he 1 6 2 3 F o li o Ca ta lo gu e ,
s
”
n d Cre s s i da omi tted fro m the Ca ta logue
a nd if w e a dd Tro i lu s a (
exp ressly, p roba bly to gi ve two pla y n u m bers ) , t he t hi rt y -
si x p la y s

k n o wn a s S ha k e sp ea re s
’
.
 C H A P T E R V I .

H E RM E S S T EL L A .

BA OO N s M Y S TE RI O U S A S T R O L O G I CA L M SS
’
. NO TE S ,
1 603, W I TH
S T RAN G E P A RA LL ELS F RO M THE RO S I C R U C I AN RO BE RT
F L U DD .

S PE D D ING , i n hi s No t e to P re fa ce to Va l e ri u s T e rm i n u s,
de sc ri b e s c e r ta i n wri t i n g i n B a c on s
’
ha n d fo u n d a t t he b o t t o m o f
”
t he t i t l e pa g e o f Va l e ri u s T e rm i n u s, a nd w hi c h he re
pr o du c e s
i n fa c si m i l e .

I
T H E T TLE PAGE O F T H E M A NUSC R P T I
OF THE

VALER U S T ERM NUS I I .

S e e pp 2 05 . a nd 2 1 3, v ol . i ii .
,
“
Phi l . Wks .
, S p e ddi n g .

“
At t he b o t t o m of t he t i t l e p a g e o f Va l e ri u s T e rm i n u s of t he

I n t e rpre t a t i on by Na t u re ,
”
w ith t he a n n o ta tio n s of H e rm e s
S t e lla , w e fi n d i n B ’
a c on s ha n d

”5 1? (f fl x7
7
.

4
39 8 H E R M E S S TE L L A .

S p e ddi n g e n de a v ou re d to t hro w w ha t li g ht he c o u ld u po n

w ha t he c o n si de re d t he s e to be a s t ro n o m i c a l fig u r e s, w i t h t he

da t e 1 603 a t ta c he d t o t he m . In a fo o t n o t e he w ri t e s T he
w r i t i n g i n t he o r i gi n a l is on t he o u t s i de o f t he la st le a f, w hi c h i s
i n fa c t t he co v er. The fro n t co v e r, i f t he re e v er wa s o n e, i s lo s t .

The i n k w i t h w hi c h t he l i n e c o n ta i n i n g t he s ym b o ls i s w ri t t e n
c o rr e sp o n ds w i t h t ha t i n t he b o d y of t he MS . a nd t he li n e i t s e lf
y y
i s pla c e d s m m e t ri c a ll i n t he m i ddle o f t he pa g e n e a r t he t o p .

T he t w o l o w e r li n e s a re a ppa r e n t l by a n o t he r ha n d, pro ba bl o f y y
y
la t e r da t e , c e rt a i n l i n i n k o f a diffe re n t c o lo u r, a n d pa l e r The .

w o rd
‘
Phi lo s o ph y is in B ’
a c o n s o wn ha
d, wr i t t e n li ght l i n t he
n y
u pp e r c o rn e r a t t he l e ft , a nd is no y
do u b t m e re l a do c e t i n se rt e d k
a ft e rw a rds w he n he w a s s o rt i n
g hi s
pa p e rs W ha t c o n n e i o n . x
t he re w a s b e t w e e n t he n o t e a n d t he M S i t i s i m o s sibl e t o sa
p .
y .

Bu t i t i s e vi d e n tl y a c a r e fu l m e m o ra n du m o f s o m e t hi n , s e t
g
do w n by s o m e bo dy w h
e n t he M S w a s a t ha n d a n d so m a n of . y
t he c ha ra c t e rs r e se m b le t ho s e a do p t e d t o r e pre se n t t he p la n e t s

a n d t he si gn s o f t he z o di a c , t ha t o n e i s l e d t o su sp e c t i n i t a n o t e

of t he p o si t i o n s of t he h e a venl y b o di e s a t t he t i m e o f so m e

re m a r k a ble a c c i de n t —
p e rha p s t he p la gu e , O f w hi c h
p e rs o n s di e d i n L o n do n , du r i n g t he y e a r e n di n
g 2 2 n d De c e m b e r
1 603 . T he p e ri o d of t he c om m e n c em e n t, t he du ra t i o n , or t he

c e ssa t i o n o f su c h a n e p i de m i c m i ght na t ur a ll yb e so n o t e d . No w
t hr e e of t he c ha ra c t e rs c l ea rl
y r e pr e s e n t r e sp e c t i v ly M
e e rc u r y ,

A q u a ri u s , a n d Sa gi t ta ri u s . T he Si
gn fo r J u pi t e r, a s w e fi n d i t i n
Ol d bo o k s, is so li k e a 4 , t ha t t he fi rs t
g fi
ure o f 4 5 m a
y e r w e ll v y
ha v e b e e n m e a n t fo r i t . The m o n o gra m a t t he b e gi n n i n g o f t he

l i n e b ea rs a n e a r r e s e m b la n c e t o t he Si
gn of Ca pri c o rn i n i t s m o s t
c ha ra c t e ri st i c fe a t u re . A n d t he m a r k v
o er t he si
g n of A q u a ri u s

a pp ea rs to be a n a bbrevi a ti on of tha t whi ch usu a lly rep resen ts the S u n .

(T he b lo t b e t w e e n 1 603 g ; b e i n g o n l m ea n t t o
a nd Bi s n o t hi n y
r e p re se n t a figu re 6 b lo t t e d o u t w i t h t he n e r be fo re t he i n k
g fi
wa s dry .
) Su spe c t i n g t he r e fo r e t ha t t he wr i t i n g c o n ta i n e d a
n ote of t he po si t i o n s of M e rc ur y d J u pi t e r i n t he ea r 1 6 03,
a n y I
s en t a cop yt o a sc i e n t i fi c fri e n d, a k
n d a s e d hi m i f fro m s u c h da ta
 H E R M E S S T E L LA .
39 9

he c o u ld de t e rm i n e t he m o n t h i n di c a t e d . H e fo u n d u po n a

ro u
gh ca l c u la t i o n (
ta ki n
g a c c ou n t of m ea n m otion s on l y) tha t
J up i ter di d en ter the si gn of S a gi tta ri u s a bou t the l 0th of A u gu st
1 603, a n d c o n ti n u e d t he r e fo r a b ou t a tw el v em on th ; t ha t t he
Su n e n t e re d A q u a ri u s a bo u t t he 1 2 th or 1 3t h o f J a nua r y 1 603 4 -

a n d t ha t M e rc u r yw a s a b o u t t he 1 6 t h or 1 7 th of t he sa m e m on th

i n t he 2 6t h or 2 7 t h de gr e e Oi
. Ca p ri c o rn z— c o i n c i de n c e s w hi c h
w o u ld ha v e be e n a lm o st c o n c l u si v e a s t o t he da t e i n di c a t e d, i f

y
Ca pri c o rn ha d o n l st o o d w he re A u a ri u s do e s , a n d v i c e v e rsa q .

y
B u t t he i r p o si t i o n a s t he a c t u a ll s t o o d i n t he M S i s a fo rm i d y .

p j
a bl e , i i n o t fa t a l , o b e c t i o n t o t h e i n t e r re t a t i o n .

“
A c c o r di n g t o a n o t he r o pi n i o n w ith w hi c h I ha v e be e n
fa v o u re d, t he fi rs t m o n o gra m i s a n o ta ben e ; t he n ext
g ro u
p ma y
Di es M er c urii W n e s da y 2 6th J a n d the r est
m ea n
( e d ) n ua r
y 1 603 a

f
re ers to som ethi n g n ot con n ec ted wi th a stron om y . B u t t o t hi s a l so
t he re i s a se ri o u s o b e c t i o n j . The 2 6t h Of Ja nua r y 1 6 03 4 , w a -
s a

F ri da y; a nd it se em s to m e v y im p
er ro b a bl e t ha t a ny E n gli s h
ma n w o u ld ha v
de sc ri b e d t he pre c e di n g J a n u a r a s b e lo n gi n g
e y
t o t he y ea r 1 603 . B
a c o n hi m s e lf i n a r i a bl da t e d a c c o r di n g t o v y
t he c i vi l y e a r, a n d t he o c c a si o n a l u se o f t he hi st o ri c a l y ea r in
l o o s e m e m o ra n da w o u ld ha v e in v o lv e d a ll hi s da t e s i n c o n fu si o n .

I s ho u ld k it m
t hi n o re pro ba b l e t ha t t he wr i t e r (w ho m a y ha v e

been co py i g ki d
n a n o f n o t a t i o n w i t h w hi c h he w a s n o t fa m i li a r
)
m i sc o pi e d t he si
g n o f Ve n u s i n t o t ha t of M e rc u r y i n w hi c h c a se

i t w o u l d m ea n F ri da y, 2 6t h J a nua r y 1 603 4 -
. Bu t ev en t he n t he

e xpl a na tion w o u ld b e u n sa t i sfa c t or y , a s v

lea i n g so m u c h n u
e x pl a in ed . T ho se ho w e v er w ho a re fa m i li a r w i t h o ld M S S .

r e la tin g t o su c h su b e c t s j m a y pro b a bl yb e a bl e t o i n t e rpre t t he

w ho l e .

We ha v
g e a st r o n o m i c a l p a ra l l e l t o p o i n t o u t i n c o n
e a s t ra n

n e c t i o n w i t h t hi s da t e 1 6 03, a n d t he e n t r o f J u pi t e r i n t o t he y
si g n S a gi t t a r i u s A n d w e di sc o e re d i t t hi s w a y
. W e w e re v .

re a di n g Ro b e r t Flu dd (t he g re a t E n gli s h Ro si c ru c i a n ) i n hi s
r e pl y ,
1 61 7 , t o t he a t ta c k s o f L i ba v i u s u p o n t he a sse rt i o n s o f t he

F ra t e rn i t y of t he Ro s yC r o ss, w ri tt e n i n a li t t l e w o r k e n t i tle d
 400 H E R M E S S TE L L A .

Tra c ta t u s A p o lo g e t i c i , w he n w e ca me u po n C ha p t e r V . of t he

Fi rs t P a rt , i n w hi c h Flu dd e xp la i n s ho w t he a
pp e a ra n c e o f n e w

s ta r s w e re t a k en b y t he so c i e t y a s a sign o f
’
G o d s w i ll t o t he m

(t he Ro si c ru c i a n So c i e t y) i n di ca t i n g
,
a r e s t o ra t io n of t he w o rl d

a nd a n a u gm e n t a tion o f t he O rde r T he t i t le of t he c ha t
.
p er
r u n s,
“
Q uod v o lu n t a s De i j
e u s qu e o rdi n a tio n es c ha ra c t e ri bus

m a g n i l ib ri Na t u res si n a c u li s s t e l la r u m de c la
'

et n o va ru m
g ra n

p o ssi t .

Te x . Dei m u n du m r esta u ra tu ri vo l u n ta s si gn a cu li s n o va ru m ste l

cha ra c teri bu s m a gn i li bri de cla

la ru m et na tures ra ta es t
(c h . v .
,

pa rs .

Tha t t he W i ll of G od a nd v
Hi s Pro i de n c e t hro u gh t he c ha ra c

t e rs of t he gr ea t b o o k of Na t u r e , a nd t hro u gh n e w s ta rs ca n be
m a de m a n ife s t . The Will of G o d i n t he re fo rm a t i o n , a m e li o ra

tion ( o r re s t o ra ti o n ) of t he w Orld ha s b e e n de c la r e d t hr o u gh t he
s i gn s o f n e w s t a r s, a n d t hro u gh t he c ha ra c t e r s O f t he g re a t bo o k
of Na t u re .

Flu dd pro c e e ds n o w t o i n di c a t e w ha t t he se sta rs a n d si gn s a re ,

a n d a t t he e n d o f t he c ha p t e r gi e s a H o ro sc o p e , w i t h t he da t e v
2 ot h o f De c e m b e r 1 603, w hi c h i s t he e a r a t t a c he d t o a c on s y B ’

m y s t e ri o u s a n n ota tion s . Fl u dd t e lls us t ha t n ew s ta rs ha v e

a pp ea re d i n S e rp e n t a ri u s a nd y
C gn u s, a nd t hi s la st sta r w e fin d

B a c on a l so n oting i n hi s w o r k s .

It m a y b e s e e n Spe ddi n g, i n hi s n o t e , a s su m e s o n e o f a c o n s B ’

fi g v
u r e s i n t he fa c si m i l e gi e n o f t he t i t l e p a g e o f t he m a n u sc ri p t

i s m e a n t for J u pi t e r a n d S a gi t ta ri u s No w i t i s a n e x c e ssi e l . v y
s t ra n ge a n d s t r i ki n
g p a ra lle l t ha t F lu dd, i n t he c ha p t er w e a llu de
t o , la y g s t he rea t e st s t re ss u p o n J u pi t e r e n t e ri n g Sa g i t ta ri u s o n t he
2 ot h D e c e m b e r 1 603 i n j
c on u n c tion w ith Sa t u rn . Flu dd w ri t e s
A n n o Do m . 1 603, di e 20 m e n si s . De c e m b . s e c u n du m n o va m

c om
p u ta t i o n e m , ho ra M e ri di a na
p e r c e i
p , q u od Sa t u rn u s i n gra . 8

Et ia m c o n spi c i n u pe r c oe pi t s t e ll a no v a i n pe c t o re Cygn i , qu es j a m pe r
du o dec i m a n n o s i n t e gro s du ra vi t , ae ta t e m c o m e t a a (qu a li s h a b e t u r ) l o n g o

i n t erv a l l o su pergre ssa , n e e a dh u c di m i n u ta a ut a do rn a ns fu ga m .

(P 7 5 2 .
,

Phi l W o rk s , E a n d S )
”
v ol i i i ,
. . . . .
 H E R M E S S TE L L A .
40 1

et 39 m i n Sa ggi t t a rii m o v e r e t
. . J u p i t e r gra d 8 e t
Si m i li t e r q u od .

j
’

39 m i n 58 se c u n d e u sde m s i n i e o de m fe r h i n st a n t e si bi v e n di
. .
g
c a re t
(p
7 0, pa rs . . y
In t he e a r 1 603, t he 20t h De c e m b e r
y
fo llo w i n g, n e w st l e , a t m i dda , S a t u rn i n 8 de gre e s, 39 s e c o n ds, y
e n t e r e d S a i t t a ri u s
g Li e w i s e ,
J u p i t e r n e a rl
. k
a t t he sa m e m o y
m e n t , i n 8 de gre e s 39 s e c o n ds, e n t e re d t he sa m e si gn —S a gi t

In t he “
Co n fe ssi o n of t he Ro si c ru c i a n Fra t e rn i t y a ddre sse d t o
t he l e a rn e d o f Eu r o p e , w hi c h a pp e a re d i n 1 61 5 , re p ro du c e d by
Mr Wa i t e i n hi s “
Re a l H i st o r y of t he Ro si c ru c i a ns
(p . we

re a d: “
G o d, i n de e d, ha t h a lre a d y se n t m e ss e n ge rs w hi c h sh o u l d

t e st i fi e H i s w i ll, t o w i t , so m e n e w st a rs w hi c h ha ve a pp e a re d i n
S p en ta ri u s a n d Cygn u s, t he w hi c h p o w e rfu l s i g n s
er
*
of a gr e a t
Co u n c i l sho w fo r t h ho w fo r a ll t hi n gs w hi c h hu m a n i n ge n u i t y
v
di sc o e rs, G o d c a lls u p o n Hi s hi dde n n o w l e d e , a s l i e w i s e t he
g k k
B k oo of Na t u re ,
t ho u gh i t st a n ds o p e n t ru l yf or a ll e y e s, c a n be
re a d o r u n de rst o o d by on l y a ver yf ew .
”

Ip r o p o se t o gi v e he re t he e n t i r e c ha p t e r fro m Flu dd v e rba tim .

T he re a de r w i ll fi n d i t fi
su f c i e n t l y c u ri ou s, d i s b e gge d t o
a n

n ot e t he re fe re n c e t o S o lo m o n a t t he b e gi n n i n g , a n d r e m e m b e r
S o l o m on i s t h e fou n de r of B a c on s
’ “
C o ll e g e of t he S i x Da y s in
t he
“
Ne w A t la n t is .
”
Also t ha t Flu dd a ll u de s t o t he st a r of

B e t hl e he m , w hi c h a pp e a r e d in 1 572 in Ca ssi o p e a ,
a nd w i t h t he

a d v en t of whi ch the Rosi cru c i a S oci ety i s i n ti m a tely con n ected It

n .

wa s w i t h t he app e a ra n c e o f t hi s s t a r t ha t P a ra c e l su s w ro t e

Q u od u ti li u s D e u s pa t e fi e r i si n e t , q u o d a u t em ma j o ri s m om e n ti

e st, v
lgo u a dhu c la t e t us q ue a d Eli se A rt i st m a dv e n t u m , q u a n do

i s v e n e ri t .
” “
G o d w i ll p e rm i t a di sc o v e r o f t he hi ghe s t i m y
p o rt a n c e to b e m a de , i t m u st b e hidde n t ill t h e a dv e n t o f t he
” “
a r t i st Eli a s . A ga i n : A n d i t i s t ru e , t he r e i s n o t hi n
g c o n c ea le d

Th e Rh o di a n s , w h o h a d a s pe c i a l v e n e ra t i o n for t h e su n , a s t he i r m a g n i
fi c e n t s o la r C o l o ssu s a t t e st s, re c o g n i se d in SE R P N TA I U
E R S, Pho i ba s, a h e ro
w ho h a dxt m i t d t h e er na e e s e rpe n t s w h i c h fo rm e rl y i n fe s t e d t h e i r c ou n t r y
v
.

T h Rh di
e Ro w a n s, or o se -
orsh i pp e rs , o r Ro sy c ru c i a n s, n e e r e m b a rk e d o n a n
y
m i tim
a r xp di t i wi th
e e e on ou t O fferi n g sa c ri fic e t o Ph o i ba s En o c h ,
”
v ol. ii .
,

Ke n ea ly ) .
40 2 H E R M E S S TE L L A .

w hi c h s ha ll n ot b e dis c o v e re d, fo r w hi c h ca u se a ma r v e llo u s b e i n g
s ha ll c om e a ft e r m e , w ho a s y e t li v es n o t, a nd w ho s ha ll re v ea l
ma n y t hi n
gs (Wa i t e s
’ “
Re a l H i s t o r y of t he Ro s i c ru c i a p n s, .

O n t he ne xt p
ge t he s a m e a u t ho r w ri t e s :
a The c o m e t o f 1 5 7 2
“
wa s de c la re d by P a ra c e lsu s t o b e t he s i gn a nd ha rbi n g e r o f t he
”
a
pp ro a c hi n g l
re v o u t i o n . It w a s t hi s c o m et or s ta r w hi c h s ho n e

u
po n B a con s
’
fre shm a n s hi p a t Ca m b ridge , w he n he w a s t we l v e

y ea rs o ld, a n d w he n he fi rs t b e ga n to q u e st io n t he p hilo so phy

of A ri s to t le This sta is exp ec te d to rea pp ea r a in ei ther thi s yea r
. r ga
or a t lea st shortly, i ts p eriod va ryi n g sli ghtly over three hu n dred

yea rs .

The re ca n be no q u e sti o n t he Ro si c ru c ia ns c on n e c t ed t he i r

a d v y w i t h t hi
e n t c lo s e l s e v en t . The y t k Ch ioo r st with Hi s s e lf

s a c ri fi c e , my t y d s er ,
a n a t o n em e n t , a s a n e m bl e m fo r t he i r own

se c r e t e n ds . We se e t hi s i n t he i r j e w e l, a c ru c i fi e d ro se on a

c r o ss —w e fin d i t i n t he i r y
t pi c a l a llu si o n s t o t he m se l v e s a s

hu sba n dm e n (Agri c o lae) , a n d i n t he i r re li gi o u s a im s to a i d t he

Re fo rm a t i o n a n d c o m b a t t he p a p a c y .

It i s fo r s o m e a st ro n o m e r v e rs e d i n t he se m a t t e rs t o de c i phe r
B a co n s
’
n o t e s, a n d de c la re w he t he r t he y r e fe r t o t he sa me con

j u n c t i o n o f sta r s t ha t Flu dd ca lls a t t e n t i o n t o i n 1 603 . T he y ea r

i s t he sa m e i n bo t h ca se s . If, a s I fi rm l yb e li e v e , B a c on s
’
n ote s

r e fe r to J u pi t e r a nd Sa t u rn , w i t h Ve n u s o r o t he r st a rs e n t e ri n g

Sa gi t t a ri u s, i t w ill b e ea s yt o di sc o v er w he t he r t he re w e re t w o

j
su c h c o n u n c t i o n s t he sa m y e ea r 1 603 . It i s a hi ghl y s u s pi c i o u s

fa c t t ha t F lu dd c on n ec ts t hi s j
c o n u n c ti o n wi t h t he Ro si c ru c i a n

F ra t e rn i t y B
. a c on t ho u ght i t e vid e n tl y o f so m e i m p o rt a n c e , e lse

he w o u l d n ot ha v e a t ta c he d t he w o rds
“
H e rm e s S t e lla ,
”
w hi c h

m ea ns a secre t sta r . T ha t i t a ll i s c on n e cted wi t h so m e c i p he r is

su g e s t e d
g by t he fa lse p a gi n g i mp lied i n the words

Lib ri di m i di u m pa gi n a 34 e st

Pa ge ll a ri u m n u m e ri e ri v .

Thi s pro v es B a con m i sp a ged p u rp osely, a s M r Do n n e l ly ha s

T hi s s ta r l a s t e d t ill 1 5 7 4 , w hi c h sa me y ea r Ro b e rt Flu dd wa s b orn di e d
1 637 , b u ri e d B ea rs t c d C hu rc h , Ke n t .
 H E R M E S S TE L L A .
40 3

a lre a d y sa id of t he 1 6 23 F o li o , a nd w hi c h i s ga i n e ide n c e d i n
a v
t he 1 6 4 0 “
Adv a n c em e n t of L e a rn i n g, w he re
”
w e fi n d t he rs t fa lse fi
p a gi n g 5 2 (
u
p o n t ru e pa g e a n d t he se c o n d fa l se p a gi n g 5 3

(u po n t ru e p g e a t he se t w o n u m b e rs 5 2, 5 3 c o n st i t u t i n g
S ha k ’
e sp e a re s fu ll
ge , 1 6 1 6, a n d t he e a r he ha d u st e n t e re d
a y j
w he n he di e d . fi
The su m o f t he se gu re s 5 2 a n d 5 3 i s 1 05 , a n d
if i t i s c o i n c i de n c e , it is a v y er st ra n ge on e, t o fin d B a con c om

m e n c e s t he j
su b e c t o f Po e t r y p u on pa ge 1 05 o f t hi s sa m e w o r k .

O u r fi rm con vi c ti o n i s t ha t 5 2 a n d 5 3 a re m a t he m a t i c a l
po r
t ra i t s of
( i n t he fra m e pa gi n g ) S ha e sp e a r e , 1 6 1 6
g i k . I v e t he

G e rm a n t ra n sla t i o n a s i t s t a n ds fro m t he t e x t A da m a h B o o z,

1 782 .

50q fecbfl
e fi a pi tel .

milie © ottes
SDa fi ber E unb eine f fil erorbnungen t urd) SBegeicbnungen bee grofien
ma turbi i m
es , unb but chn eue © ternbilber a n gegeiget met ben fé
nn e .

f
l i ert : fib er QBi He © 0tfe6 i n ber b orgu ri e bmenben fil erbefierung ber QBeIt ift but ch
© ternbiloer, t urd) QSegeicbnun gen bee gro fien ma tut budj ee
‘
neu e unb

a n gebeutet morben .

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b efen morben bu t bie gebeimen §Be ei chnungen t en
3 ,

étern en a m vierten St a ge m m 650“ei ngebru cft n ub eingegeidyn et morben finb, t urd)

beren Drbnung un b 6 tellun g a u f Den bimmi ifcben © eiten bee gt ofien Na turbu di es

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munbet ba re St a turgelnimn ifie Begt i fien finb E Da e fieben QBefen unb a lle (Sigen .
,
:

fcba ften ber © terne beheben a Ifo im QBorte ; meiI fie u nb bie {gimmel but chs 913m
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.
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u ngemis u n b Ifigen ba ft Befun ben werben Denn ment bi e Renntni fi biefer

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Iefen unb mrfi ehen ft nn en t er bieie QBifl en fcba ft ber

’ '

erleu cbteten gi n ger! .

§B e5ei cbmmgen unb geheimen Inmml ifcben g inn bilber i ji ca ba l iftifd) u nb ein e c fj ne ,

SDen fma Ie ber ?B u d m a ben geicbebene mila iche {fortpfia n gi mg t om Ql a ter a u f ben
 H E R /WE S S T E L L A .
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gefiha he, tb i t b i hn en S t en e unb 28 c 16 hc i t QBc i ffa gn n g Si c;
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1 1 31 0 11 , $ro bhe 3c hn n g QBc It nt e i ei hei t u n b R e n n 1 n 1 f3 b e r QBi fi c n

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fc ha ft c n 3u gc ft a n b c n .
h h
’
ij r i cbfct t i gfe i t u n b R i n ghe i t u n b b a 6 ib e rnt b ge n b e n i n ?l ‘ c rfa i t
’ ’ '

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j et 3o 11 0 t h b er ft c c ft ha i t c n i i c h t ii gi i c h nt ehr a u 6 bre i t e n 1 1 11 b b e t
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:

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u n b m e hr b c r 0 ffen ba hr c n 11 n b b c t he t r i i c he n tb e t b e ll n b b a 6 11 m { 0 .

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1111 n eunten fi a n fc c i n e fi c n ge 1 t u b fl l c r m e ht n n g b e t SBt o bhc t e n u n b ,

Bn n a hnt c b er fiBe i fc n 1 1 b 111 bc b c u t c t 21 nd), . . . a 16 gtci chfa tn bet

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t i n btt n g n c n e r Q fi n ft e a n u nb nteil a nch bie © 0nn e i n ba s n eun te { M11 6

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ba fi fie 3111 8 ci t bet S n fa mmcn fnnfi bn rch bi e G a ge be6
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i hre Rra ft 1n 11 ben gfinfiigen ilBi tt i ungcn be6 S u bi tcre b ereinigt b a he r fi e e i n e ,

G t hbhu n g u n b a c n c t n n g b er E Di n g e a n s c i n ent { c hi c c ht e n i n e i n e n
bc fj e r n S u it a n b u n b c i n e b e r b e ffe t t e a éti b u n g b er fi fi n i t c a n 3c i ge 1
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St e i b tb i b e r b e 6 3 11 11 1 1 c r 6 E lb ii r f n n gc n u n b b a f3 b i e b cr he i f3e n c n ,

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u n b 31i n f i fc hc t fe hn tb e rb e n 1b e i I e r i nt ( St e i c t c u n b i n b e t S r i i i c i
f h
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, b s

b e 6 ® a 1 n r n 11 6 a 1 6 tb ei c hc r n e i b i fc h m a c ht a n ge t r o ffe n tb i t b
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 H E R M E S S TE L L A .
41 5

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,
h h ,

i fi 0ben fitt 311thunb nt i t eincnt fl b ot te gIeichfa nt a nge3ei ge1 worben .

a mcrfnng .

S i c © 0n ne, bi e 93en116, ber Q a tnm u s ‘

Z
unb S upi tcr tb ct bcn i n ba 6 {s a ns 0ber
S a ge3eichcn be6 S ubiters, n a nt Iich in ben © chfi gcn , 3ug1ci ch a nfgcnont nt en nt it ,

10 e1chc1n D bhinchos, 0ber ber C5 ch1a n gcnn1 a nn , 111 11 fiinen n en cn G

Etcm en an ffieiget .

SDe6gIcichcn tb irb G
i a tum ne b ont fiuniter i n fiin cn é
Ba 1a fi git nfiig a nfgcn ontnt cn ;
'

bicfi6 8 eichen6 0ber fi a ufie, n a nt 1i ch be6 © 1 einbo c1 6, §Borberthe11 (nt it tb cIchcnt bet
'

© cht0a n nt it fiinen n en cn g tem en a nffici gct) 1b irb int 3ehenben fi a ufi a ngetroffen « .

Sb ic 6 h0hnng i fi mitten 51n1 1n e1

$ c 2111011 0 bet fich bent
’

0n11 ener a nt . na

© a tnm 116 iin (fi ebt ittfihcine i n bet ciI cn

fi Sl a chnt i tta gsfinnbe, u nb bie §Benu6 bent
232011 bc in ber bret) u nb 31b a n3igficn © 1un be . 11 .
f
. to .

a c be6 cr cn fi $heii 6 .

B a con w ri t e s :
“
Bu t t hi s i s t ha t w hi c h w ill i n de e d di gn if a n d y
e x a lt k n o w le d e ,
g i f c o n t e m pla t i o n a n d a c t i o n m a y b e m o re
n e a rl y a n d st ra i t l y j
c on oin e d a n d u n i t e d t o g e t he r t ha n t he yhv a e

be en a j
con u n c ti on li ke u n to tha t of the t wo hi ghe st p la n ets , S a tu rn ,
the p la n et of res t a nd c on temp la ti on , a nd
J u pi ter, the p la n et of ci vi l
” “ ”
soc et
y i a nd a c ti on
(p . 26 (bis) ,
Adv a n c e m e n t o f L e a rn i n g ,

1 605 ; p 4 0, .
“
Ad v a n c em e n t o f Lea rn i n
g,
”

Thi s sho w s B a con ha d n ote d t he j

c on u n ction of S a t u rn w i t h
“ ”
J u p i t e r , F lu dd a ddu c e s i n t hi s c ha p t e r fro m hi s A p o lo g u s T he .

r e a de r m a
y a l s o se e i n t he fa c t , Fl u dd s a p o l o
’

g w a s p u bli she d y
’
1 6 1 7 , pr o o f i t w a s wr i tt e n 1 6 1 6, the yea r o f S ha ke spea re s dea th .

I fin d i n m a n y of M a i e r sw o rk s
’
t he da t e 1 61 7 u p o n t he t i t l e

p ge , a n d 1 6 1 6 i n t he P r e fa c e a s da t e o f w ri t i n g, t he di s c r e pa n c
a y
a r i si n
g fr o m t he p u bli sh e r s da t e a n d t he a u t ho r s da t e , o r
’ ’

v k
i n t e r a l o f t i m e t a e n i n se tt i n g u p t he c o p In t he 1 6 2 3 De “
y .

A u gm e n t i s,
”
t he a bo v q e u o ta t i o n i s t o be fo u n d u po n pa g e 38 ,
416 H E R M E S S TE L L A .

m i spa ged 4 6 . T he re a de r w i ll a ls o n ote t he co nci i de n c e t ha t i t i s

“
u
po n pa g e 26 of t he F i rst Edi ti on of t he 1 605 P ro fic i e n c e a nd

Ad v a n cem en t of Lea rn i n
g t he c i ta tio n o c c u rs , a n d t ha t w e fi n d

26 a s t he fi rs t fig u re o f B a con s
’
A n n o ta t i o n s t o He rm e s S te lla .

1 603 i s a ls o t he da t e of Va l e ri u s T e rm i n u s .

T H E S TAR or B ETH LE HE M .

’
In t he 1 8 7 9 e di t i o n o f Z a dlci e l s A lma na c a t re a t i s e on t he S ta r

of B e t hl e he m , by t he la t e M r Wm Hu t t o n , w a s pu bli s he d, i n .

w hi c h i t wa s ta t e d t ha t t he r e a
s
ppe a ra n c e o f t he n e w s ta r i n
-

Ca ss i o p e i a ,
w hi c h w a s o bse r v ed in AD
. . 9 4 5 , 1 2 64 , a n d 1 5 7 2,
m i ght b e e xp e c t e d i n 1 88 7 . Do w n t o t he t i m e of w ri t i n g (J u ly
1 8 8 9 ) t he st a r ha s n o t re a —pp ea re d . It w ill b e o bs e r v ed t ha t t he

e xa c t p e ri od o f its r e c u rr e n c e is u n c e rta i n , fo r t he t w o p e ri o ds

gi v e n by t he y ea rs b e fo re m e n t i o n e d
-
a re q
u n e ua l — 31 9 a n d 308

y e a rs re sp e c t i v ly
e . Bu t if w e ta k e t he lo n ge r p e ri o d, a nd a ppl y
i t t o 1 5 7 2 , w e ha v e 1 8 9 1 a s t he a pp ro x i m a t e y ea r o f its re

a pp e a ra n c e .

In C ha ldaea n a s t r o lo y
g t he c o n st e lla t i o n Ca ssi o p e i a w a s t e rm e d
Ni n -
ma kh ,
“
m i ght y ”
y
la d , o n e o f t he t w e l e sta rs pr e sidi n g o e r v v
M a r t u , t he “f e st ,
Sy ri a or P hoen i c i a . Ni n -
ma kh is on e of t he

v a ri o u s de v e lo pm e n t s of
~
I shta r
(t he Moon or Ve n u s i n t he
gn si

“
Ta uru s o r Vi rgo) . Th e sa me c o n s t e lla tio n wa s a l so t e rm e d t he

w om a n with c hi ld
”
(Bra t u ) , b e ca u se i t b ri n g s fo rt h, e v y 300
er

a n d o dd y e a rs , t he bri ght e st a nd m o st re m a r k a b le n e w s t a r, its

c hild . In t he C ha ldae o G re e -
kl e g e n d, Ca ss i o p e i a b oa st e d t ha t he r
c hild w a s fa i re r t ha n a ll t he Ne re i ds .

T hi s b e a pp ea ri n g i n Ca ssi o pe ia , a n d i t s li n e o f
u t ifu l sta r a

ri ght a sc e n si o n fa lli n g i n t he s e c o n d de c a n a t e o f A ries, t he s i n

g
ru l i n
g J u de a , w a s he ld by t he M a gi t o b e t he s m b o l o f C hri s t y .

A gra phi c a c c o u n t o f t he a pp e a ra n c e o f t hi s s ta r i n 1 5 7 2 w a s

g i v
e n b y T oo y B
ra he , t he r e n o w n e d a s t ro n o m e r a n d a s t ro lo e r
g ,
”
s o m e e x t ra c t s fro m w hi c h w ill b e fo u n d i n H u m b o ldt s
’ “
Co s m o s .

The sta r c on t in u ed fro m No v e m be r ,

1 5 7 2 , t o Ma rc h, or

Ro be rt Fl u dd, t h e grea t Ro s i c ru c ia n ,
w a s bo rn i n 1 5 7 4 .
 H E R M E S S TE L L A .
4 1 7

se v en t e en m o n t hs . It wa s bri ght e r t ha n Si ri u s, a n d ri va ll e d
Ve n u s . It s c o lo u r wa s su c c e ssi v e l y w hi t y e, e llo w , r e d, a n d w hi t e

a
g i n , a n d i t re m a i n e d s t a t i o n a r
a a ll t he w hil e i n t h e p o si t i o n y
w hi c h i t o c cu pi e d w he n di s c o v e r e d It w a s se e n by so m e p e rso n s .

i n t he da y ti m e, a bo u t n oon .

Do c t o r Ke n e a l y wr i t e s
“
The bla z i n g sta r, Ili a st e r, w hi c h
:

a e r s i n t he M a so n i c lo dge s, w hi c h t he se ge n t le m e n c a ll t he
p p a

S ta r o f B
e t hl e he m : t ru l y e n ou gh, fo r t hi s w a s a l so t he sta r o f

t he Na ro s (p . 1 54, v ol . ii .
,
“
En o c h It w a s in c o n n e cti on w ith

t hi s st a r Pa ra c e l su s w r o t e t ha t t he Bi rd P hoen ix i s t he so u l o f

t he grea t Ili a st e r (
“
De Vi t a L o n ga , c . m e a n in g, e v i de n tl y ,

t he p e ri o di c re a pp e a ra n c e o f t hi s st a r .

“
T he on l y s e c t o r a s so c i a t i o n w i t h w hi c h t he Ro si cru c i a n s m a y
y
b e p e rt i n e n t l c o m pa re d, a n d w hi c h w e he a r o f b e fo r e t he ea r y
1 61 0, i s t he M i li ti a Cru cifera E ua n geli ca , w hi c h a s se m bl e d a t
L u n e n b u rg i n 1 5 9 8 u n de r t he a u spi c e s of t he m y tis c a nd t he o

s o p hi st , Si m o n S t u di o n It s pro c e e di n gs a re re p o rt e d i n
. a n

u n p ri n t e d w or k fro m hi s p e n , e n t i t l e d Na o m e t ri a , s e u n u da
‘
et

p ri m a li bri , i n t u s et fo ri s scr i p t i , p e r c l a v em D a vi di s et ca la m u m

( v i rg ae si m il e m ) a p e r t i o i n qu o n on ta n tu m a d gn o sc e n da t a m
co

S . S c ri p t u res t o t i u s, q ua m na t u rae q q uo ue u n i v e r see, m st e ri a ,

y
bre vi s fi t i n t r o du c t i o — v e ru m e t ia m P r o gn o st i c u s (st e ll as illi n s
m a t u t i n as, A n n o D o m i n i 1 5 7 2 , c o n sp e c t ee du c t u ) de m o n st ra t u r
Adv e n t u s ill e Chr i st i a nte di e m n o v i ssi m u m s e c u n du s p e r u e m q
ho m i n e p e c c a t i (Pa pa ) c u m fi li o su o
p e r di t i o n i s (M a ho m e do )
di v i n i tu s de v e st a t o , i p se e c c l e si a m su a m et p ri n c i
pa t u s m u n di
r e st a u ra bi t , ut i n ii s p o st ha c si t c u m o v ili pa st o r u n u s In .

c ru c i fe rae m ili t i a : Ev a n ge li c ee gra t i a m A u t ho r e Si m o n e St u di o n e .

i n t er S c o rpi o n e s . A n n o 1 6 04
’

(p 1 3,
2 . Wa i t e s ’
Re a l H i st o r y
of t he Ro si c ru c i a n s
Sp e ddi n g w ri t e s :
“
In t he ‘
C o gi t a t i o n e s de Na t u ra Re rum ,
’

of w hi c h t he da t e i s un k n ow n , w e fi n d, m u ta t i o n e s i n
re
gi o n ibu s c oel e st i b u s fi e ri , e x c o m e t i s
qu ibu sda m sa t i s l i u e t q
i i s di c o qu i c e rt a m e t c o n st a n t e m c o n figu ra t i o n e m c u m st e lli s
fi xi s s e rv a ru n t qu a li s fu i t i lle qu i i n Ca ssi o p e a n o st ra ae t a te
2 E
418 H E R M E S S TE L L A .

’
ru i t Thi s in Ca ss i o r ed Bu t
a ppa . s ta r
pe i a a pp ea in 1 57 2 .

a no t he r o f t he sa me ki n d, a nd no l e ss rem a rka ble , a pp ea red in

S ep te m ber 1 604 . It i s sa id t o ha
b e e n b ri ghte r, w he n rs t se e n , v e fi
t ha n J u pi t e r, a n d t ho u gh i t s brig ht n e ss di m i n i she d a ft e rw a rds, i t

y
w a s di st i n c t l vi s i ble fo r m o re t ha n a ea r In t he De sc ri pt i o
‘
y .

G lo bi In t e ll e c t u a l i s , w hi c h w e
’
k now t o ha v e b e e n w ri tt e n a b ou t
t he y ea r 1 61 2 , t he pa ge w hi c h ha
ssa I v je u st q u ot ed a ppea rs i n a
n ew fo rm .
‘
Id e n i m [se a dm ira n da . s in c oelo a c c ide re m u t a

t io n es a t q ue i n so l e n t ia s
] p e rs i c i t u r
p in c o m e t i s s u bli m i o ri bu s , i is
n i m i ru m
qu i et figu ra m s t e llas i n du e ru n t a bs q ue c om a , ne q ue

so l u m ex do c t ri n a p a ra lla xi u m su pra l u na m c o llo ca t i e sse pro

ba n t u r, s e d c o n fi u ra t i o n e m e t i a m c e rta m e t c o n s ta n te m c u m
g
s t e lli s fix i s ha bu e ru n t , et st a tio n es su a s s e rva ru n t , n e q u e e rr o n e s

fu e ru n t qu a le s ae t a s n o st ra n on seme l v i di t p ri m o i n Ca s si o
pea ,
’
i teru m i ta p ri dem i n Op hi ucho
n on .

(Ophi u c hu s a n d S e rp e n ta ri u s a re i de n t i ca l .
)
“
The bri ght sta r whi ch a pp ea red between Cep heus a nd Ca ssi op ei a i n
the yea rs 9 4 5 , 1 2 64 , a nd 1 5 7 2, the la s t ti me bei n g observe d by Tycho,
the grea t Da n i sh a stron ome r, is con si dered to ha p roba bly been the
ve

sa me sta r a t i ts p eriodi ca l re tu rn o f a bout three hu ndred yea rs T ha t .

w hi c h a pp e a re d i n 1 604 , i n t he c o n st e lla ti o n O p hi u c hu s, w a s
o b s e rv e d by Ke pl er H e e v e n c o n e c t u re d t ha t i t m i ght ha v e
. j
be e n t he sta r o f B
e t hle he m ; b u t i t w a s n o t v e rt i ca l o e r J e ru v
sa le m a nd B e t hlehe m , w hi c h t he s ta r i n Co m a w a s . T he s ta r o f

Ke pl e r wa s n ea r t he e c li p t i c , bein g j u st o v e r t he pla n e ts J u pi te r
a nd Sa t u rn , t he n i n j
c o n un c t i o n (M a z z a ro t h
) .

Allo w i n g fo r t he di ffe re n c e o f o l d a n d n e w st yl e c o m pu t a t i on ,

t hi s e vi de n t l yi s 1 603, vi z .
,
Flu dd s
’
j
c o n un c t i o n of J u pi t e r a nd

Sa t u rn .
 APPE ND I X .

I IN T RO D U CE he re a n i m p o r ta nt p ro o f of c i ph e r c o n n e c t i o n betw e e n
Ba con s
’ “
H i st o r y of Ki n g H e n r y t h e Se v en th
”
a nd t he F o li o

p l a ys of 1 6 23 . T he re a de r w i ll fi n d t he nu m b e rs 5 2, 5 3 a
ga i n s t
S t a g e p la y , c o u n t e d fr o m t h e b o t t o m o f t h e pa g e u p w a rds , a n d 2 68
-

T h e n u m b e rs 5 2 , 5 3 a re S ha k e s p e a re s f u ll y e a rs , a n d y e a r
’
do w n .

he ha d e n t e re d (1 6 1 6) w he n he di e d . 2 6 8 i s t he num ber of t h e w o rd

Ba c on , p a
ge 5 3, “
M e rr y W i ve s of W i n dso r c o u n t e d do w n t he
,
”

c o lu m n . W ha t is re a ll y su g g e s t e d b y t h e se fi g u r e s i s S ha k e s p e a r e
Ba con S t a g e p la y
-
Th e
. c r i t i c c a n t e s t t h e s e fi g u re s i n

Ba con s
’ “
H i s to r y o f K i n g H e n ry t h e S e v e n t h,
”
e i the r 1 6 22 or 1 64 1
e di t i o n .
 A PPEND I X .

P
( g
a e s 1 9,

T ABUL ATED TABLE of P a ge 2 1 , B a c on s

’ “
y
Hi sto r of Ki n g H e n r y
t he S e v e n t h,
”
1 6 22 .
A PPEND I X
.
423
424 A PPEND I X .

c e r ta in 1 95 1 26 t hi n k i n g 24 2 79
it 1 96 1 25 he r 24 3 78
is , 1 97 1 24 da u ght e r, 2 44 77
s he 1 98 1 23 24 5 76
wa s 1 99 1 22 24 6 75
a 2 00 1 21 K in 24 7 74
b u sy 2 01 1 20 ha n le d 24 8 73
n e go ti a t in g 2 02 1 19 24 9 72
wom a n, 203 1 18 m a t te r, 250 71
a nd 2 04 117 n ot 25 1 70
in 205 116 a v
d a n c ed 25 2 69
he r 206 115 bu t 253 68
de pre sse d 254 67
Cha m ber
18 2 07 8 “4 a nd 25 5 66
ha d 2 08 113 none 25 6 65
t he 2 09 112 c o u ld 25 7 64
fo r t u n a te 210 111 ho l d 258 63
c o n sp i ra cy 19 21 l 7 1 10 259 62
fo r 21 2 1 09 bo ok 21 2 60 5 61
t he 213 1 08 26 1 60
Ki n g 21 4 1 07 w e ll 262 59
aga i n s t 215 1 06 2 63 58
Kin g 2 16 1 05 p r o m pt 2 64 57
R IC H A RD 20 217 6 1 04 a nd 2 65 56
t he 21 8 1 03 i n st r u c t 2 66 55
T hi rd 21 9 1 02 t his 2 67 54
*
been 220 1 01 S ta g e 22 2 68 4 53
h a t c he d 2 21 1 00 Pla y 23 2 69 3 52
w h ic h 22 2 99 2 70 51
t he 223 98 27 1 50
Ki n g 22 4 97 c o u ld 272 49
Ne ve r t he le ss
.

kn e w, 2 25 96 2 73 48
a nd 22 6 95 274 47
re m e m be r e d 22 7 94 wa s 27 5 46
e rha 228 93 n ot 27 6 45
pt u
ps
22 9 92 he r 277 44
2 30 91 m ea n i n g, 27 8 43
w e ll 231 90 n or 27 9 42
a n d 232 89 no 28 0 41
wa s 2 33 88 m o re 28 1 40
a t 2 34 87 wa s 28 2 39
t hi s 2 35 86 28 3 38
t im e 2 36 85 284 37
e xt re m e l y 237 84 m ea n in g 28 5 36
di sc o n t e n t 2 38 83 of 28 6 35
w ith 239 82 a ny 287 34
t he 24 0 81 of 288 33
Ki n g, 24 1 80 289 32

“
M a rk 53 a g a i n st S ta g e, an d 5 2 a g a i n s t P la y It i s u po n pa g e 5 3, M e rry
v
.

Wi es of Win dso r ,
"
a nd pa g e 5 2 (m i s pa g e d 5 4) 1 Ki n g H e nr y we fi n d th ree
en tri es o f the wor d B a con .
 A PPEND I X 425

b e t te r 290 31 sh o u ld
a nd 29 1 30 p o s se ss
sa
ger 29 2 29 t he
so r t 29 3 28 Cro wn ,
t ha t 29 4 27 bu t
v
fa o u re d 295 26 a t
t hi s 296 25 hi s
e n t e r pr i se 29 7 24 p e ri l
a nd 29 8 23 to
kn e w 29 9 22 m a ke
t he 300 21 wa y
s e c re t , 301 20 to
t ha t 3 02 19 t he
t hi s 303 18 o v er
di sg u i s e d 304 l7 t hr o w
i do l 24 305 2 16

“ ”
It m a y be se e n t h e w o rds thi s S t a g e P la y
-
a re t he 2 6 7 , 2 6 8 , a n d
2 69 t h w o r ds do w n t he pa g e . U po n pa ge 5 3, “
M e rry W i ve s of W i n dso r
(c ol . t h e se n um b e rs g i v e

t hi s 2 67 For 2 67 p 53
. .

S ta g e 2 68 Ba con 2 68 M . W
P la y 2 69 I 2 69 W .

I t m a y b e s e e n P la y i s t he 23rd w o rd i n e t ra o rdi n a x ry l e t t e rpre ss ,

n o t o n l y p o i n t i n g t o R i c ha r d ,
III
w h i c h i s t he 2 3rd p la
. y i n t he 1 6 2 3
F o li o , b u t p o ssi bl y t o t he da t e 2 3—1 6 2 3 .
 42 6 A PPEND I X .

(Pa ge
TA BU LAT ED T AB LE, Pa ge 2 3, “
H i s to r y of Ki n g H e nr y th
e Se v e n t h,

1 64 1 .

hi s 1 307 u
po n 44 2 64
e s ca pe , 2 306 t he 45 2 63
t he 3 305 b ru i t 46 26 2
cu n n ing 4 304 of 47 26 1
P ri es t 1 5 2 303 P la n ta g e ne t
’
s 48 24 260
c ha n g e d 6 302 e s ca
pe . 49 259
hi s 7 301 But 50 25 8
c op y, 8 300 ye t 51 25 7
a nd 9 299 do u b t i n g 52 2 56
c ho s e 10 29 8 t ha t 53 25 5
n ow 11 29 7 t he r e 54 25 4
P LA N A T G E NE T 2 12 2 29 6 w o u ld 55 253
to 13 295 be 56
be 14 29 4 too 57 25 1
t he 15 293 n ea r 58 250
s u bj e c t 16 29 2 lo o ki n g 59 24 9
hi s 17 29 1 a nd 60 2 48
P up i l l 3 18 2 29 0 to o 61 24 7
sh o u ld 19 28 9 m u ch 62 24 6
te , 20 288 P e rsp ec tive 63 23 24 5
p
e rso n a
e ca u se 21 28 7 i n to 64 24 4
he 22 286 hi s 65 24 3
wa s 23 285 di s g u i s e , 66 24 2
m o re 24 284 67 24 1
in 25 283 he 68 24 0
t he 26 282 s ho u l d 69 2 39
27 28 1 s ho w 70 2 38
p re s e n t
s pe e c h 28 2 80 71 23 7
a nd 29 279 he re 72 2 36
v o te s 30 278 73 235
of 31 277 E n g la n d 6 74 22 2 34
t he 32 276 he 75 2 33
p e o ple , 33 275 t ho u g h t 76 2 32
a nd 34 274 g oo d 77 231
it 35 2 73 (a f te r 78 2 30
ie c ed 36 27 2 79 229
e t t e r, 37 27 1 ma nn er 80 228
a nd 38 2 70 81 2 27
fo llo w e d 39 2 69 sc e n e s 7 82 2 226
m o re 40 2 68 83 2 25

}
c lo se 41 26 7 S ta g e 8 8 4* 2 2 24
a nd 42 26 6 P l a ys 9 85 1 2 23
ha n ds o m e l y 43 265 86 2 22

If w e add t he pa g in g 23 to 83, 8 4, w e g e t 1 06, 1 07, a n d is u po n c o lum ns 1 06,

1 07 of t he Co m e di e s a n d Hi s t o ri e s , 1 6 23, w e fi n d t he w o rds Ba c o n a n d F ra n c is (2 2
tim e s ) .
 King H s N a Y the Sev enth .

his Efc a pe , the cu nn in g Pri eft c ha n ge d his C o py, a n d

c ho fe n o w P I A N T A c r N E T t o be t he Su bje é
. . t his
Pupi l] iho uld pe rfo n a t e bec a ufe he w a s m o re i n t he
re fe n t fpe e c h, a n d Vo t es o ft he pe o ple 5 a n d it i eced
x
p
be t t e r a n d fo ll o w e d m o re c lo fe a nd ha n dfo m e y u p i
on t he bru i t o f Pla n t a genet : e fca pe . Bu t ye t
do u bt in g t ha t t he re w o u ld be e t o o n ea re lo o kin g a n d
t o o mu c h Perjp eé i i m i n t o his Difgui le i f he {ho u ld
{he w i t he re i n Engla nd ; hee t ho u ght go o d(a ft e r t he
ma n n er o f S cen t s i n S t a ge Pla yer a n d Mee k
-

)
er t o ( h ew

i t a li t re o fi ; a n d t he refo re fa ile d w i t h his Sc ho lle r

’

in t o Irela nd , whe re t he A ffe fi io n t o t he Ho u fe o f

To rke w a s m o lt in he ight . T he Kin g ha d be e n e
a li t t le im pro vi de n t i n m a t t e rs o f Irela n d , a nd ha d

n o t re m o ve d a n d Cha n ce llors , a n d u t i n t he ir
p
la ce s orat t e rm in gle d pe rfo n s, o fw ho m he
p
fl o o d a fl ure d a s he {ho u ld ha ve do n e fin ce he kn e w
'

t he fi ro n g Be n t of t ha t C o u n t r e
y t o w a rds t he Ho u fe

o f Y o a K s 3 a n d t ha t i t w a s a t i c klifh a n d un fe t le d

St a t e m o re e a fie t o re c e ive di fi e m pe rs a n dm u ta t i
o n s, t he n Engla nd wa s Bu t t ru fi in t o t he re u t a t i o n
‘

g p
o f his Vié to ries a n d Suc c e fl t s i n Engla n d, he t ho ught
he fl i o u ld ha ve t i m e e n o u h t o e xt e n dhi s C a re s a fte r
g
Wa rds t o t ha t fe c o n d Ki n gdo m e ,

Whe re fo re t hro ugh t his n e gle & u po n t he c o m

m in g o f S 1 M 0 N w it h his pre t e n de d Pla nt a
en et i n t o Ir ela n d a ll t hin s w e re re a re d fo r B e
g g p p
v o lt a n d Se di t i on , a lm o fi a s if t he ha d be e n e fe t
y
a n d lo t t e dbe fo re ha n d 8 I M 0 N s fi rfi a ddrefi e
p .

wa s t o t he Lo rd T H O M A s F 1 r z c s a a n n , -

Ea rle o f Ki lda re a n d De pu ti c o f Irela nd : befo re

w ho le Eyes he e di d ca ll fuc ha M ifi (by his o wh e
in fin u a t i o n a nd by t he ca r ria ge o f his Yo u t h t ha t
e x re i le d a na t ura ll Pri n c e l be ha vi o u r s o n ed
p y a j y
e rha ps w i t h fo m e i n w a rd Va o u rs o f Am bi t io n
p p
a n d Affe fi i o n in t he Ea rles o w n e m i n de , le ft him
A PPEND I X
.
42 7
428 A P P E ND I X
 O F L E A R N I NG . L I B Vl
. .

ma na gedn it/ F o r i f Let

be pofiible t ha t they fij p
n ut t it ion .

t ers M i fsi ve fa ll i n t o t he i r ha n ds t ha t ha ve fo m e c o m m a n d

a n d a u t ho ri ty o ve r t ho fe t ha t w ri te ; o r o ve r t ho le t o w ho m

t hey w e re w ritt e n 5 t ho u gh t he C yphe r it fe lfe bee fin e a n d

'

i m po fsible t o be decypber d, yet t he m a tt e r i s lia ble t o exa m i n a

’

t i o n a n dqu e lli o n 5 u n le ffe t he C yp h er b e fu c h ,

a

o fa ll fu fpit i o n p r m a y elu de a ll e xa m i n a t io n .

ing 0 6 exa m i n a ti o
ble i n ve n t i o n t P m .

c u red,t o W ha t Deficient T he i n .

v e n t i o n i s t hi s T h a t
yo u h a v e t w o fo rt s o f A lph a bet s o ne

o f t rue Let ters, t he O t her o f N on

fig fi
-
n i ca nts a n d t ha t o u li ke
y
w i fi: fo u ld u p tw o Lett er: o n e w hic h m a y ca rri e t he {t e m
a n o t he r fa ch a s i s pro ba ble t he Writ er m ight fe n d, yet W i th

o u t erill No w if t he M e llen ger be firi é tly e x a m i n ed c o n

p .

c e rn i n g the C yp her let hi m

p rele n t t he Al ha bet o f
p onN fig fi
m - .

cen ts fo r t ru e Let ters bu t t he Alp/ pa l e: o f t ru e Let t ers fo r N on

by thi s Art t he exa m i n er fa lli n g upo n t h

Letter, a n d fin di n g i t pro ba bleJha ll fu fpeé t n o t hi n g o f rhe i n
t erior Le t ter B u t t ha t: jea lo u fi e s m a y be ta ke n a w a y,
.

a n n exe a n O t her i nv e n ti o n , w hi c h,i n t ru t h, W e dev i led i n o u r

y o u t h w hen w e w ere a t 7 a m a n d i s a thi n g t ha t yet fee

3

m et h t o u s n o t w o rt hy t o be lo ft It c o n t a i n et h t he bigbq
.
i de
ree on ber, w hi c h i s t o fi n ifie ma nia er omn ia f h
g p g p , y et o a s t e

wri ting infildirg m a y bea re a qu i n tu ple pro po rti o n t o t he

Writing infolded 5 n o O t her c o n diti o n o r re li ri é ti o n w ha tfo
e ve r i s It {ha ll be perfo rm ed t hu s Fi ri t let a ll t he
’

Let ters i n to tw o
 A P P E ND I X 429

We re pro du c e he re fa c s i m i le r e du c e d li t h o gra ph oi p a g e 2 65 ,
'

Ba c on s
’ “
Ad v a n cem en t of L e a rn i n g, ”
1 64 0, w he r e b y t he s tr a n g e

s y st e m of
i ta l i c i s i n g w o rds i n t h i s w o rk m a y b e st u di e d I f the r e a de r .

w i l l c o u n t t h e w o rds i n i t a li c s u p o n t hi s
p a ge , he w ill fi n d t h e y a re
fi fty t hr e e i n “ ”
n u m b e r, c ou n t in g t h e w o r ds n o n si g n
- -

ifi ca n ts a s tw o
w o r ds . Thi s n um b e r fifty t hr e e b e a rs -
a q u i n tu
pl e r e la t i o n shi p t o t he

p a gi n g 2 65 .

53 x 5 2 65 .

Thi s e vid e n tl y b e a rs ou t t he a sse rt i o n o f t h e te t , x a nd is a n ex m pl a e

of Ba con s
’
w o rds on t hi s p a ge w i th r e g a rd t o t hi s c i phe r he i v t d
n en e
“
a t P a ri s . It i n e t h t h e hig hest deg re e of c ip her, w hi c h i s t o
c on t a

s i g n i fy o m n i a p er o m n i a , ye t s o a s t h e wri ti n g i nf o ldi ng m a y b e a r a

q u i n t u pl e pr o p o r t i o n t o t h e wr i ti n
g i nf o l ded
”
.

P a ge 32 o f t hi s 1 64 0 “
Ad v a n c em en t o f L e a rni n g ”
ha s a lso 5 3 w o r ds
i n i ta li c w o rds u p o n i t . Al so pa g e 32 of P r e fa ce .

P a ge 9 1 , 5 2 i t a li c w o rds u p o n i t .

P a ge 9 7 , 5 2 i t a li c w o rds u p on it (su bj e c ts ,
Rela ti o n s a nd P o etry) .

P a g e 1 04 , 5 3 i ta li c w o rds p on i t u .

P a g e 1 2 4 , 5 2 i t a li c w o rds u p o n i t .

P a g e 1 7 3, 5 3 i t a li c w o rds u p on it .

Thi s c a n n o t b e c ha n c e . T he s e t w o n u m b e r s, 5 2 , 5 3, re pre s e n t

S ha k e sp e a re
’
s a g e ,
v i z ,. fu l l y e a rs,
a nd t he yea r h e ha d j u st e n t e re d

w h e n he di e d, A p r il 1 6 1 6, a cc o r di n g t o t h e S tr a t fo rd m o n u m e n t . T he
m i spa gi n g i n t hi s w o rk a l so c o m m e n c e s wi th a fa ls e n u m ber 52 a nd a

fa lse n u m ber 5 3, t hu s i n se qu e n c e fro m pa ge 4 9 (ta ke n fro m t w e l v e

c opi e s w e ha v x mi
e e a n ed ) . P a ge s
Fl
a se .

49 52 51 52 53 54

Ad va n c e m en t of L ea rn in
g,
”
1 64 0 .
 4 30 A PP E ND I X .

U po n pa g e s 1 05 , 1 06, 1 07 w e fi rs t c o m e u po n t he su b e c t o f
j P oe try ,
t he D ra m a , a n d S t a g e Pla y s

P oe tr y . Dra m a .

Le t t he re a de r n o te t ha t t he su m o f 62 a nd 5 3, the t wo f a l s e p a g i n gs ,

po i n t t o P oe t ry , p 1 05 , . as i f to p o i n t to t he 1 62 3 F o li o c o lu m n s .

52 53 1 05 .

Th e do u ble of 5 3 i s 1 06, a n d u po n t hi s pa ge o r c o lu m n i n t he 1 6 2 3
Fo l i o P la y s , pa g e 5 3, M e rr y W i “
v es of W i n ds o r ” w e ,
fi n d t h e w o rd
B a con
”
.W e a l s o fi n d t he w o r d “
Ba co n ,
”
p a g e 5 3, 1 K i n g H e nr y
a nd twice po n p a g e 5 2 (m i sp a ge d 5 4 ) o f t hi s sa m e p la y
u 80 .

“ ”
t ha t t he on l y fo u r e n t r i e s o f t he w o rd B a c on i n t he P la ys c a ll e d
S ha k es p ea ys to b e fo u n d po n p a g e s b e a r i n g t he n u m b e rs
’
r e s, a re a lw a u

5 3, 5 2 , or S ha k espe a re ’
s a
ge in 1 6 1 6 w h e n he di e d Al l t his be a rs o u t
.

ou r e vid en ce i n t he I n t ro du c t i o n w i th re g a r d t o t he e xt ra c t u po n pa g e s
”
5 2 , 5 3, C o n fe ss i o F ra te rn i ta t i s, 1 61 7, re l a t i n g to a n i m pos to r st y le d

a S ta g e P la y er o r Co m edis t
-
I t i s by m a t he m a t i c s t hi s c i phe r i s c o n
.

s t r u c te d . I v
a m c o n i n c e d t h e p a gi n g b e a r s a p o rt ra i t i n the f ra m e by

fig u res, of S ha ke sp e a a nd o f Ba t i mp orta n t ep oc hs or da tes l i l c '

re con a

“ ”
U po n p a g e 2 9 o f t he fi rs t pa rt of t he 1 67 1 Re s u sc i ta t i o t he re i s

t he fo llo w i n g su s pi c i o u s pa s sa g e re la t in g to L o rd H e n ry H o wa rd

(E a rl of No rt ha m pt o n ) , of w ho m B a con w ri t e s :
“
W he re i n he sa i d,
”
t ha t h e w o u ld p u t hi s c re di t u p o n c ip he rs a n d da t es
n ot . It w a s

in No r t hu m be rla n d H o u se , w h i c h fo rm e rl y be lo n ge d t o t he sa m e Ea rl
of No rt ha m p to n , t ha t a ma n u sc ri p t wa s fo u n d, on w hi c h w a s s c ri bb le d

pa s sa g e s c o n n e c t i n g B a c o n s n a m e w i t h t he pl a y o f
’ “
Lo v ’
e s La bou r s ’

” “
Lo s t . I t i s to t his sa m e L o rd H e n r y H o w a rd B a c on w r i te s : Fo r
yo u r L o rds hi p s lo ’
v e, ro o t e d u
po n go od o p i n i o n , I e st e e m i t hi g hl y ,
be ca use Ihv a e ta s te d t h e fru i ts of it ; a nd we bo th ha ve t a s t e d of t he

“
Ba c o n w ri te s : Fo r i t ca m e i n to ou r m i n d, t ha t i n M A T HE M A TH ICS the
fra me sta n di n g , t h e de m o ns t ra t i o n i nf e rre d i s fa c ile a n d pe rs p i c u o us on t he co n

tra ry , w i t ho u t t hi s a c c o m m o da t i o n a nd de pe n de n c y , a ll se e m s i n o l v vd e a n d m o re
su b t le th a n in dee d t h e be
”
(p 36, y . Ad v a n ce m en t ,
”
 A P P E ND I X .
4 3I

”
best wa ters i n m y kn i t m i n d s tog e the r (p 8 4 , P a rt I ,
’
a c co mp t to . .

“
Re su sc i ta t i o , ”
T hi s e v ide n t l y i s a n a ll u s i o n to the wa te rs of
Pa r n a ss u s ; or o f P o et ry, vi z .
, H e li c on .

I n 1 86 7 t he r e w a s di sc o v e re d i n t h e l i b ra r y of No r thu m b e rla n d
l i o u se i n L on do n , a r e m a rk a bl e M S . c on t a in in g c opie s of se v e ra l

p a pe rs w r i t t e n by F ra n c i s B a c o n It w a . s fo u n d i n a box o f o ld
pa p e rs
w hi c h ha d l o n g re m a i n e d u n di s t u rb e d . T he re i s a t i t l e pa ge , w hi c h
e m b ra c e s a ta ble of c o n t en ts o f t he v olu m e , a n d t hi s c on t a i n s n o t o n l y

t he of w ri t i n gs u n qu e s t i o n a bly B a bu t a l so t he m es of
’
na m es c on s, na

v
pla y s w hi c h a r e s u p p o se d t o ha e b e e n w ri t t e n b v S ha k e s p ea re Bu t .

o n ly
p a rt o f t he m a n u sc ri p t v
o l u m e re m a i n s, a n d t h e p o r t i o n s l o s t

e m b ra c e t he fo ll o w i n g p i e c e s e n u m e ra ted on t he t i t le le a f

O ra ti o n s a t G ra i e s In n s
’
r e ve lls

Q u een s
’
Ma ts

B y M r F ra . u n ci s Ba c on

E ssa i es by the sa me a u thor .

R i c ha rd the S e c o n d .

Ri c ha rd the Thi rd .

A sm u n d a nd Co rn e li a .

I sle f D og s f rm n t
o .

By Thom a s Na she ,
i nfe ri or p l a c es .

H ow c om es i t t ha t t he Sha k e s p e a re p l a ys ,
“
R i c h a rd II .
”
a nd

Ri c ha r d sh o u l d be m i xd e up in a v olu m e of Ba c on s
’
ma nu

s c ri p t s w i t h hi s own l e t te rs a n d e s sa ys a nd a m a s k w r i t t e n b y hi m i n
“
1 592 ? J u dg e H olm e s sa ys : A n d t h e n , t h e b la nk sp a c e a t t he s i de

a n d b e t w e e n t he t i t l e s i s sc r i bb l e d a ll o v er wi th v a ri o u s w o r ds, l e tt e rs,

ph ra se s , a n d s c ra ps of v e rs e i n E n gli sh a n d L a t i n , as i f t he c op y i st
w e r e m e re ly t ry i n g h i s p e n , a n d w ri t i n
g do w n w ha t e v er fi rst ca m e i n to
hi s h e a d . A m o n g t he se s c ri bb li n gs , b e s ide t h e na me of F ra n c is B a c on
se v e ra l t i m e s, the na me of Wi ll i a m S ha ke sp e a re i s wr i tten e ig ht o r n i n e

t i m es A li n e fro m The Ra p e of L u c rec e i s w ri t t e n t hu s ‘ Re

o ve r .

v e a li n v
g da y t hr o u g h e e r y c ra n n i e p e e ps a n d, t he w ri t e r t a k i n g p eep s
’

x
fr o m t he n e t c o u p l e t i n s t e a d o f sp i es T hre e o t he rs a re A n thon y .

c o m rt f . a n d c on so rt a n d ho n o rific a bi li tu di n o a n d p la i es [pl a ys] . T he

w o rd ho n o rific a bi li t u di n o i s n ot fo u n d i n a ny di c ti o n a r y t ha t I kn o w
”
Th e G re a t C r y pt o g ra m , D o n n e ll y ,
’
o f, b u t i n L o ve s L a b o u r s L o st
’ ’

2 82, v ol .

No w t hi s No rt hu m b e rla n d H o u se w h e r e t hi s p a p e r w a s fo u n d b e
4 32 A P P E ND IX .

lo n ge d t o L o rd H e n ry H o w a rd, E a rl of No rt ha m p to n , w ho , w i t h

Ba co n a n d t h e E a rl of S a li sb u ry , sha re d c hi e f hon o u rs i n t he a dm i n i s
t ra t i on of Ja m es t he F i rs t
’
s Go v e rn m e n t . B e fo re di sc o v e ri n g t his la s t

c u ri o u s c o i n c ide n c e of t he fi n di n g of t hi s p a pe r , Ih a d l o n g ha d su s

p i c i o n s t ha t L o rd H e n ry H o w a rd w a s i n so m e li t e ra ry c o n n e c t i o n w i t h
B a c on . T he t hi r t y fi fth A p o pht h e g m i s r e pe a te d tw ic e i n t he c o l lec
-

“ ”
t i o n o f t he 1 6 7 1 Re s u s c i ta t i o , w hi c h ca n ha rdl y be t he r es u l t o f
a c c i de n t , a n d i n t ro du c e s t hi s sa m e E a rl of No r t ha m p t on .

M i c ha e l M a i e r, w ho vi s i te d E n gla n d i n 1 6 1 7 , a nd w ho w a s t he

fri e n d o f Ro b e rt Fl u dd, t h e g re a t E n gl is h Ro si c ru c i a n a n d A po lo gi st
o f t he O rde r , c o n t r i b u t e s, i n hi s Sy m bo la A u reee M e n see (F ra n k o f , .

ni
t h e fo llo w i n g E gm a i n po e t r y c o n n e c te d w i t h t he c e n t re o f

t he Ro s i c ru c i a ns (pa g e I t w i ll be se e n t h a t A p o llo fi g u re s as

p ro ta go n i s t a ga i n , a nd t ha t t he re i s som e i m p lie d hi n t to a n i s la n d In

t he w e s t .

E n i gm a ta A ix . M u s is e t
A po l li n e de C o lle g i o G e r m a n o ru m
Phi lo s o p ho ru m R C . . e o r u m qu e loc o ,
i ps i s dis c u t i e n da , ho n o ri s g ra t i a

p ro p o si t a .

l . E N I MA
G CA L o rEs .
*

L o n gu s i n H E S P I
p ro ten di tu r te quo re tra c t us
ER O

A d sep tem la t o pr o sp ecta ns a x e T RI O ES , N

I n med ic n u n c te rra j a cet, qua } f e rt u r A DEL P HA
Nom i n e di c ta , v i ru m m a g n ee v i r tu ti s a lu m n a ,

Pa r ro l i c et sp a ci o p u ss i es vix m i lle p ere r ret

C i r c u i tu i m m en s i p rw flu c ti bu s I S PO N UL A N T I
No n est tu ta sa ti s, j
cu u s p rop e l i t tor a P RO TE U S

Q u i D eu s i n va r ia s m u ta t se emp o re f o rma s ,
S wp e di e, ra di o s so le em i tten te seren o s,

Vi si tu r hi c c a p tu s pe r m u l ta s den iqu e a u ra s

A rt is et i ngenii , se f a tu r, a d a
qu a pa ra tu m
R eddere qu te si tis r esp o nsa , n ec eder e f a l s i
Ve ll e a li qu id , Q uoe s i n t, f u er i n tv e , f u tu rtw e res t en t,
Se ca l ler e , sed ha ze c u n c ti s
p reedi c e re n o l le
E rg o lu ben s, i n qua m p o sc o qu d l i ttor i e 0rd
Co n ven i a n t occ lo g e n i tus , D ea Cyp ri s ct i l la
Qu a m p ep er i t La to n a si m u l , n e f erre re en a ct
H erc est s u m m a m e i , qu a d ci c o m m i tto n ego t i
A n n u i t i lle , so n i s c l ta l i bu s om r eso l u i t , &c .

(P . 2 9 7, Sy m bo la A ur e ee M e nsee ,

Thi s w o r k b e a da t e 1 61 7— t he ye a r fo llo wi n g ’
rs Sha k e spe a r e s dea t h A ll t he
Ro si c ru c ia n li te ra t u re o f i m p o rt a
’
n ce a p p ea rs w i th Sha k e spe a re s dea th, 1 61 6,
w he n Flu dd fi rs t p u b lis he s .
 A PPEND I X .
4 33

“
t o F l u dd s m e i n t he w o r d F l u c ti bu s,
’
I s t he re n o sl
y re fe re n c e na

hi s L a t i n na m e , w hi c h b e a do pt e d b e i n g Ro be rta s di F l u c ti bu s ? We
ha v e r e pr o du c e d t he t e t x x e a c tl y a s i t i s p ri n t e d i n t h e o ri gi n a l , t he
w o rds H E S P E R I O , T RI O N E S, A DE L P H A , IN ULA S P o n r u s , P R O T H E US , b e i n g
v
i n l a rge R o m a n t y p e , a n d e i de n t l y b e i n g a c c e n t e d t hu s t o i n di c a t e
hi n t s o f i m p o r t a n c e I t se e m s t o u s A t la n t i s i s po i n t e d a t o r a n
.

Is la n d of the Oc ea n , si tu a ted to the West a n d No rth The pre i o u s y e a r . v

— 1 61 6 —
(t hi s w o rk w a s p ri n t e d M a i e r , t he a u t ho r , wa s in E n g
la n d on a vi si t t o Ro b e rt Fl u dd . T hi s i sla nd m a y be t he Ne w
”
A t la n tis .

T he C hu rc h of S t M i c h a e l s , w he r e L o r d B a i s b u ri e d, w a s
’
c on

o ri g i n a ll y fo u n de d b y A bb o t U ls i n u s , a n d i s de di c a t e d t o S t M i c h a e l
t he A r c ha n g e l P a rt s o f a pa i n t e d c e i li n g i n w oo d w hi c h c o e re d t he
. v
c ha n c e l s t ill e xi st, a nd are sh o w n t o t he vi si t o r w ho i n qu i r e s t o se e

t hi s fr a gm e n t, o n w hi c h i s de p i c t e d t he D a y o f J u dg m e n t , w i t h
c u ri o u s

t h e A r c h a n g e l M i c ha e l a n d b o di es ri s i n g o u t o f t he i r c o ffi n s E i de n t l y . v
t h i s w a s a p a i n t e d e m b l e m o r r e p r e s e n t a t i o n i n h a rm o n y w i t h t h e
na me of t he c h u rc h —S t M i c ha e l . It i s r e m a rk a bly c ur i o u s a n d s t ri k

i n g t o fin d Ba c on llu di n g t o S t M i c h a e l i n hi s A p o pht he g m s a s
a

fo l lo w s, a n d e v i de n t l y t hi n k i n g o f t hi s p a i n t e d c e i li n g w i t h w hi c h h e
m u s t ha v e be en so fa m i li a r
23 .
“
Q u e en E li z a b e th b e i n g t o re s o l v e u
po n a gr e a t o ffi c e r, a nd

be i n g by som e , t ha t ca n v a se
’
d fo r o t h e rs , p t in
u so m e do u b t of t ha t

p e rs o n , who m she m ea nt to a d v a n c e, ca ll e d fo r M r B a c on ; a nd to l d

hi m she li ke wi th n tho r n see ki n g a a n d se e m d

’
wa s one a La ma n ; un

sa t is fie d i h t he c ho i c e s he ha d of a ma n f o r t ha t p l a c e M r Ba con .

a n s w e re d he r t ha t h e ha d h e a rd t ha t i n o l d t i m e , t h e re w a s u s u a ll y

p a i n ted i n the Chu r c h Wa lls the B a g of D oo m , a n d G od si tti n g i n

j u dg m e n t a n d S a i n t M i cha el by hi m , wi th a p a i r of ba la n c es; a n d t he
s o u l a n d t he g o o d de e ds i n t he o n e b a la n c e , a n d t h e fa u l t s a n d t h e e i l
'

v
de e ds i n t he o t he r a nd t he so u l s
’
b a la nce wen t u
p fa r t o o l i gh t . T he n
wa s ou r L a dy pa i n t e d w i t h a g r e a t p a i r o f b e a ds w ho c a st t h e m i n to
t he li ght b a la n c e , a n d b ro u gh t do w n t h e sc a l e ; s o h e sa id pla c e a n d
a u t ho r i t y w hi c h w e r e i n h e r m a j e st i e s h a n ds t o gi e , our v w e r e li k e
L a di es b e a ds , w hi c h t ho u gh m e n t h ro u gh a n y i m pe rfe c t i o n s, w e r e t o o
”
l i g ht b e fo re , y e t w he n t he y w e re c a st i n , m a de w e i gh t c o m pe t e n t
“ ”
(p . 2 2 6, Re s u sc i ta t i o , 1 6 7 1 , P a rt L ) .

A st ill m o re c u ri o u s a n d e xt ra o r di n a r y pa ra lle l i s n ow to be a ddu c e d

by u s. I n t he S o n n e ts w e fi n d on e w hi c h u n do u b t e dl y a llu de s t o
S a i n t M i c ha e l (re be l p o we rs) a nd to a t om b .

1 46 .

Po o r so u l , t he c e n t re o f my s i n f u l e a rt h ,

F oo l d b y t h o se re bel p o wers t ha t t he e a rra y ,

’

W h y do s t t ho u p i n e wi t hi n , a n d s u ffe r de a rt h ,
Pa in t i n g t hy o u t wa r d w a l ls s o c o st ly g a y ?
Wh y so la rg e c o s t, v
ha i n g so sh o rt a l e a se ,
Do s t t h o u u po n t hy fa di n g m a n s i o n s pe n d ?
S ha ll w o rm s , i n he ri t o rs of t hi s e xc e ss ,

Is t his t hy bo dy s e n d
’
Ea t u p t hy c ha rg e ?

v
T h e n , s o u l, l i e t h o u u po n t hy se r a n t s lo ss , v ’

A n d le t t ha t p i n e t o a g g ra a t e t hy s t o re v
B u y t e rm s divi ne in se l li n g h o u rs of dross
W i t hi n b e fe d, w i t ho u t b e ri c h n o m o re
So s ha l t t h o u fe e d on De a t h , t h a t fe e ds on m en,
An d, D e a t h onc e de a d, t he re
’
s no m o re d i n g t he n y .

C H YM ISC H E H o c n z s rr C H I I AN I
R ST Ro s s s c n n u rz . E rs t lic h G e dru c k t
zu S t ra ssb u rg , Anno M DC . . XVI .

I a m in
po ss ess i o n o f t he a b o e w o rk, fi rs t e di t i o n It i s t o be v .

n o te d t hi s w o rk w a s
p u bli she d t he y e a r S ha k e spe a re di e d, 1 6 1 6 . I
fi n d i n t hi s o r ig i n a l fi rs t e di t i o n , a g rea t n u m b e r o f E G I S W O R DS N L H
i n t e rla rde d w i t h t he G e rm a n t e t , w hi c h sh o w s t he a u t ho r newx k
E n gl i sh , or p e rha ps t ra n s la t e d t he w o r k
fro m E n gli s h i n t o G e rm a n .

Fo r e x a m p l e , pa g e s 5 2 , 5 3 (S ha k e s p e a r e s t w o a g e s ) ,
’
fi n d t he w o rds I
Co mbi n a t i o n , E x e c u ti o n , I n te rp re ta ti o n , ”
w hi c h i s v er y c u ri ou s . It
m u st b e re m e m be r e d t ha t i n 1 61 6 v er y fe w G e rm a n w r i t e rs w e re

i n t e d w i t h t he E n g lis h l a n g u a g e
a c qu a U po n pa ge 5 7 . I fi n d t he
En gl ish w o rd I n scrip ti o n ; p 6 0, D e di c a ti o n ; p 6 2 , S o l u ti o n ,
. .
Q u es t i o n ;
p 7 9 , Voc a l
. Musi c ; p 8 1 , D isp u t a t i o n ; p 8 8 , I n te rcess i o n ; p 6, Ca l
. . .

c u la
p 1 9 , Co mp a ss ; p 2 1 , I ns tru c t i o n ; p 33, P er tu rba ti on ; p
ti o n ; . . . .

39 , P e rf e c t i o n , I nqu i si ti o n ; p 4 4 , Rep u ta ti o n , & c , & c P e rha ps t he se

. . .

a re c i ph e r k e y w o rds I n t hi s Ro m a n c e t he r e a r e se e r a l s t ra n g e
. v
c i ph e rs gi ven . B re i t ha u pt , i n hi s “
Ars D e c i fra t o ri a ”
w ri t e s
“
Ta n de m o m n i u m n o vi s si m e i n te r G e r m a n o s sc i e n t i a a r t is de c ifra t ori ee
i n c la ru i t NI C O L S E E L A E NDE R U S , H a n n o v e ra n u s,
qu i o c c u lt a s i s ta s sc ri p

t u ra s, q u ae in C H I
R ST I AN I RO S E NC RE UT Z E RI n u p t i is Chg/m i c is i n v e n i u n t u r ,

sol v qu ae n a m s u b i is a r ca n a n a t u res la t e a n t , de t e g e r e a n n i s u s e s t ,
e re , e t

u t i h a u d i t a pri de m e x r e l a t i o n i b u s H a m b u rge n s i b u s de re b u s e ru di t i s
 A P PE ND I X .
4 35

Vi d H b u rg B e ri cht e g e lehr ten S a c he n dc

pe rc e pi m u s .
( a m . c on a nno

1 7 36, num . xl vi . et n um . l xxxi i i .

p 74 8 ,
. se qq .
)

I h ld s ou li k e he r e t o p o i n t ou t t ha t t h e
“
C he m i c a l W e ddi n g is
di vid d i t e n o t he B a g s o f the Week ,
w hi c h i s a fe a t u r e w e re fin d p ec u li a r
t o Ba c on s
’
Co lleg e o f the S i x B a g s .
”
I n de e d a di st i n c t a ffi l i a t i o n m a y
b e t ra ced b e t w e e n t hi s w o rk a nd Ba c on s
’ “
Ne w A t la n t i s,
”
re v ea le d i n
t ri fl i n g de t a ils su ch a s t he de s c ri p t i o n of t he t hr e e lo ft y Ce da r s,

de s c r i b e d i n t he m a rgi n a s t hree T e mp le s A n o ld m a n i s i n t ro du c e d .

v
o n t he s e e n t h da y , w h o i n t he o ri g i n a l t e t i s s o m e t i m e s c a lle d A t la s , x
A ufi des A tla n ti s Ora t i o n m a c het s i eh
'

so m e t i m es A tl a n ti s . u n ser A lt e r
”
herf ii r, &c .
(p . 1 34 , C hy m i sc h e H o c hz e i t, I n M i c ha e l M a i e r s ’

“
A rc a na A r ca n i ssi m a ,
”
I fi n d hi m de sc ri b i n g A T LA S, i n t he s e c on d

b o ok of hi s H i e ro gly phi c s, t he w o r d A T LA S b e i n g pla c e d i n e t ra x

y a nd
o r di n a r p i t a l s i n t he m a r g i n ,
ca i n t hi s r e s e c t a s i n u la r fe a t u re
p g
“
i n t he w o rk , p 8 0 H e w ri t es :
. . A tla s en i m H e s p e r i fra t e r, qu i a a d
H e sp e r i E gy p t i e t G rae c i ae r e s p e c t a
o c c a su m si t u s s i t ; H i n c e t Me r

c u ri u s A t la n t i a de s di c i t u r, qu i a a qu i b u sda m i n A t la n t e g e n i t u s
“
se s t i m a t u r
”
A ga i n ,
. P e r H esp eru m ej u s qu e ; fi l i a s e a de m m o n t a n a
l o ca A t la n t is p 81
”
t hi n k i t h i g hl y pr o ba bl e M a i e r
i n t e lli gi m u s, . . I
i s hi n t i n g a t the Is la n d of A t la n ti s i n t h e E n i g m a p o e m by hi m ,
“ ”
e n t i t l e d, E n i g m a C a lli o pe s, fo r t he w o r d H esp er i o i s pri n t e d b y
i t se l f i n ca p i t a ls , a nd A t la s wa s b ro t he r t o t hi s H e sp e r i o , w ho w a s

L o rd of t he H e s pe r i de s or Il s a n ds of t heW e st M a da m e B la va t s k y
.

“ a ll e o r y e a s ily u n de rs t o o d
w ri t e s : T he m yt h o f A t la s i s a n g A t la s .

i s t he o l d c o n t i n e n ts o f L e m u ri a a nd A t la n t i s, c o m bi n ed a nd pe r
s o n i fie d in on e s ym b ol . T he po e t s a t t ri b u t e to A tla s a s t o P r o te us a
s u p e ri o r w i sdo m a nd a n v
u n i e r sa l k n o w l e dg e , a n d e sp e c i a lly a t ho ro u h
g
a c q ua in ta n ce w i th t he de p t hs of t he o c ea n ; beca u se bot h con ti n e n ts

b o re ra c e s v
i n st ru c t e d b y Di i n e m a s t e rs , a n d b e c a u se b o t h w e r e t ra n s
fe rre d t o t he b o tt o m o f t he se a s w h e re t he y n o w sl u m b e r u n t il t he i r

ne xt re a -

p pe a ra n c e a bo v e t he w a t e rs
”
S e c re t D o c t ri n e , ”
v ol
ii p . . .

de r w i ll fi n d i n M a i e r s p o e m t he w o r d P r o te us i n
’
The re a e n i gm a

ca pi t a l s . T hi s w a s t he S a tu rn i a n Ki n g do m , w h e re t he go l de n a ge on c e
“
r e ign e d . M a i e r w ri t e s : D e A u rea te ta te re c e p t u m e st , qu o d a li
q ua n do a c t a s i t su b s a t urn o re
g e (p . 91, A rca na A rc a n i ss i m a I n t he
“ ”
m a rg i n w e fi n d a ga i n s t t hi s, L a pis i n He li c on e p o si t u s T he re a de r
.

w i l l se e h e re i s a c o n n e c t i on b e t w e e n t he o r i g i n o f t he R 0 S o c i e t y . .

a nd H e li c o n , S a t u rn b e in g a g a i n fo u n d i n t he p o e m i n ca pi t a l le tt e rs .
4 36 A P P E ND I X .

Ni m rod ,
i n hi s A lc hym u s (v o l . iv .
p 5 57,.
“
H i st o ry a nd

w ri t es
“
T wo fl o w e rs of H a rpoc ra te s, t he Re d a nd t he W hi t e ,
b lo sso m
”
i n t h e ga rde n of t he K n i ghts T e m pla r . T o t hi s he a dds a foo t n o t e :
“
S ee P a rt I .
,
‘
H e n ry a ct ii . se . Thi s i s a. s t ri ki ng hi n t ,
b e ca u se w e do fi n d t he a u t ho r o f t he p la i n qu e s t i o n ha s la id the sc ene
y
of p l u c ki ng the r ed a n d w hi t e ro ses in the Te mp le g a r de n The Ro s i.

c ru c i a n s w e re n ot m e r e l y fa n c ifu ll y a ffi li a te d t o t he T e m pla rs, bu t

t h e ir di rec t succ esso rs, a re la t i o ns h i p e v er y w ri te r on t he su b ec t ,
j fro
m
A n drea s t o H a rgre a ve J e n n i n gs , a c kn o w le dg es .
PR Wi g s t o n , Wi l l i a m Fr a nc i s C .

Fr a nc i s Ba c on

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