 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ L٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٥
 K‫א‬
 ٪٩٠‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٢FW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K (Data show) J

 W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٠ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ L٢
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ L٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ L٧
K‫א‬‫א‬  L٨
‫א‬  ‫א‬      ‫א‬    L٩
 K
K‫א‬ ‫א‬ L١٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L١١

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٢
K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬L٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٨
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٩
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L١٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L١١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ L١٢
 K‫א‬

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
TROUBLESHOOTIN W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،Semiconductor Devices‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E١F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ١٤LL ‫א‬ ١٤LL ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬      ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 KEPNF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 0.6V‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٣

0.6v‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٤
 E١ J١F‫א‬0.35
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٥
KE60W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٦

 
 
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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
. ‫أﺗﺒﻊْ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ اﻷﻣﻦ واﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ‬
.‫ اﺳﺘﺨﺪمْ أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﻘﻴﺎس ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬‫א‬
.‫ ﺗﺄآﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﻬﺪ وﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﻣﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﻔﺤﺺ‬‫א‬

W‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٥ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬ 
 KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬ J
 

 Short circuit  ‫א‬  L١

 Open circuit ‫א‬‫א‬  L٢
 Grounding   ‫ א‬ L٣
 Mechanical faults ‫א‬‫ א‬ L٤
 
 
 
- ١٦ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W

 W‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬ J
 Blown fuse ‫א‬ J١
 Increased heat ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J٢
 Low voltage  ‫א‬‫ א‬J٣
 High amperage ‫א‬‫ א‬J٤
Smoke   J٥

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K EF‫א‬
‫א‬،W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 W‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 Shocks‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F
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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  W‫א‬ J
 

  Blow fuse   ‫א‬

 Fault reading voltage  ‫א‬
 Abnormal resistance reading  ‫א‬
 Shocks  ‫א‬‫א‬
 Abnormal circuit performance  ‫א‬
 Tripped ground-faultinterrupters  ‫א‬‫א‬
 Periodic blown fuses or interrupters   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 

 W‫א‬‫ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Chassis‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬ J

 Noisy operation  ‫א‬ J١

 Abnormal operation   J٢
 Visual clues    J٣
 Circuit failure  ‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
 Troubleshooting essentials: ‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L١

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬Circuit Diagrams‫א‬‫ א‬L٢

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ L٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬L٧
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٨
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
follow these steps to determine the mistakes.
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ,‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬
   J٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬ESIGNAL-TRACINGF‫א‬
‫א‬، J٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٩ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ J٦
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ J٧
Troubleshooting MethodsW‫א‬EF‫א‬W ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬  J١
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FSignal Tracing‫א‬  J٢
KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
KE‫א‬F‫א‬  J٤
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬  J٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Examine by looking at the device W‫א‬‫א‬ J
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٢ J١F‫א‬K
،‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،EShortF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،Integrated Circuits‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 15W‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F
 

 
 
  
 ‫א‬

 
 
 ‫א‬
 
 

- ٢١ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٢ J١F‫א‬
 SIGNAL TRACINGWE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ J

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ POWER SUPPLIES‫א‬‫א‬
 E٣ J١F‫א‬

  TRANSFORMER‫א‬EF  J١

RECTIFIERE‫א‬F‫א‬  J٢

FILTERE‫א‬F‫א‬  J٣

 REGULATOR‫א‬ J  J٤

 
 E٣ J١F‫א‬
- ٢٢ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٤ J١F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬AUDIO AMPLIFIER
 FMESUPER HETRODYNEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 
 E٣ J١F
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 AF  ‫א‬‫א‬ RF ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
S.P  E‫א‬F‫א‬ LO  ‫א‬
 AGC  ‫א‬ IF  ‫א‬‫א‬
P.S  ‫א‬‫א‬ DET  ‫א‬
 MIXER  ‫א‬‫ א‬ANTENNA  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
- ٢٣ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 
 

 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٤ J١F‫א‬TEST POINTS ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

specificationsWE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J
 W J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٢

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 

 
- ٢٤ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

ReplaceW‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 STATSTICSWE‫א‬F‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
Avoiding lay putting jumperW‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
 
- ٢٥ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 


W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢F
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬E٣F
 ‫א‬L
 ‫א‬L
 ‫א‬L
 ‫א‬L
 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥F
 WE٦F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ECFE√FE٧F
 EFK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١
 EFK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢
 EFK‫א‬‫א‬E٣
 EFK‫א‬‫א‬E٤
 
 

- ٢٦ -
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E١F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ١٤LL ‫א‬ ١٤LL ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٣

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٤

 K‫א‬‫א‬ ٥

K‫א‬‫א‬ ٦

K‫א‬‫א‬ ٧

 
 
 
- ٢٧ -
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬

 W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

. ‫أﺗﺒﻊْ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ اﻷﻣﻦ واﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ‬

. ‫ اﺳﺘﺨﺪمْ أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﻘﻴﺎس ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬‫א‬
‫ ﺗﺄآﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﻬﺪ وﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﻣﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﻔﺤﺺ‬‫א‬

W‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬

 

 
- ٢٨ -
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

 

‫א‬‫ א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E F
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 EK‫א‬‫א‬FW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ 
     

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K١
       
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ K٢
       
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬ K٣
       
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ K٤
       
 K‫א‬
         K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ K٥
        K٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬????‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 

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