Code:nec/DCE/Hydr/HKS/2007/Tuto2

Nepal Engineering College

Changunarayan, Bhaktapur
Program: B.E. Civil Tutorial 2: Evapotranspiration
Year: III Instructor: Dr. Hari Krishna Shrestha
Engineering Hydrology
1. Calculate the evapotranspiration rate from an open water source, if the net
radiation is 300 W / m2 and the air temperature is 30°C. Assume value of zero for
sensible heat, ground heat flux, heat stored in water body and advected energy.
The density of water at 30°C is 996 kg/m3. [Hint: Latent heat of vaporization L =
2501 – 2.37 T (kJ/kg), where T = temperature in °C.]
2. A Class A pan was set up adjacent to a lake. The depth of water in the pan at the
beginning of a certain week was 195 mm. In that week there was a rainfall of 45
mm and 15 mm of water was removed from the pan to keep the water level within
the specified depth range. If the depth of the water in the pan at the end of the
week was 190 mm calculate the pan evaporation. Using a suitable pan coefficient
estimate the lake evaporation in that week.
3. A reservoir has an average area of 50 km2 over a year. The normal annual rainfall
at the place is 120 cm and the class A pan evaporation is 240 cm. Assuming the
land flooded by the reservoir has a runoff coefficient of 0.4, estimate the net
annual increase or decrease in the stream flow as a result of the reservoir.
4. At a reservoir in the neighborhood of Delhi the following climatic data were
observed. Estimate the mean monthly and annual evaporation from the reservoir
using Meyer’s formula.
Month Temp (°C) Relative Humidity (%) Wind velocity at 2 m above GL (km/h)
Jan 12.5 85 4.0
Fen 15.8 82 5.0
Mar 20.7 71 5.0
Apr 27.0 48 5.0
May 31.0 41 7.8
Jun 33.5 52 10.0
Jul 30.6 78 8.0
Aug 29.0 86 5.5
Sep 28.2 82 5.0
Oct 28.8 75 4.0
Nov 18.9 77 3.6
Dec 13.7 73 4.0
5. For the lake in problem 4, estimate the evaporation in the month of June by
Penman formula by assuming that the lake evaporation is the same as PET, given
latitude = 28°N and elevation = 230 m above MSL. Mean observed sunshine = 9
hours.
6. A reservoir had an average surface area of 20 km2 during June 1982. In that month
the mean rate of flow = 10 m3/s, outflow = 15 m3/s, monthly rainfall = 10 cm and
change in storage = 16 Mm3. Assuming the seepage losses to be 1.8 cm, estimate
the evaporation in that month.

Source of the problems 1 to 6: Subramanya, K. 1994. Engineering Hydrology, 2nd ed.,

Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd. New Delhi, ISBN: 0-07-462449-8, pp.
92-93.