Defining Eulerian boundaries

In an Eulerian analysis you can define independent inflow and outflow

conditions at an Related Topics
Eulerian boundary. An Eulerian boundary condition: Eulerian analysis
can be used to control the flow of material into the Eulerian domain;
can be used to define a pressure field at the boundary of an Eulerian
domain; In Other Guides
can be used to apply a nonreflecting boundary condition at the
truncated artificial
Eulerian elements
boundary to simulate an infinite domain; and
is associated with a surface defined on the Eulerian mesh boundary
where inflow *EULERIAN BOUNDARY
or outflow occurs. Defining an Eulerian boundary
The following topics are discussed: condition
Defining the Eulerian boundary
Defining the inflow condition
Defining the outflow condition
Using Eulerian boundaries in restart analyses

Products:  Abaqus/Explicit  Abaqus/CAE

Defining the Eulerian boundary

Eulerian boundaries must be defined at surfaces on the Eulerian mesh
boundary. You cannot define multiple Eulerian boundaries
at the same surface.
Input File Usage:
*EULERIAN BOUNDARY

surface name
Abaqus/CAE Usage:
Load module: Create Boundary Condition: Category: Other,

Types for Selected Step: Eulerian boundary: select region

Defining the inflow condition

You can use the inflow condition to control the flow of material into the
Eulerian domain.

Free inflow
If no Eulerian boundary is defined, material can flow into the Eulerian
domain freely; and the material content and the state of
each inflow material
are equal to that which presently exists within the element. If an Eulerian
boundary is defined, free inflow
is the default inflow condition.
Input File Usage:
*EULERIAN BOUNDARY, INFLOW=FREE
Abaqus/CAE Usage:
Eulerian boundary condition editor: Flow type: Inflow, Inflow: Free

No inflow
You can specify an Eulerian boundary where no inflow can occur—no material
or void can flow into the Eulerian domain through
the specified boundary. The
normal component of the velocity is set to zero if the velocity is directed
inward at the boundary,
while the tangential component of the velocity remains
unchanged.
Input File Usage:
*EULERIAN BOUNDARY, INFLOW=NONE
Abaqus/CAE Usage:
Eulerian boundary condition editor: Flow type: Inflow, Inflow: None

Void inflow
You can also specify a boundary through which inflow can occur but the
influx volume contains only void. Due to the inflow of
void, an Eulerian domain
that is initially completely full of material might become partially full
during the analysis.
Input File Usage:
*EULERIAN BOUNDARY, INFLOW=VOID
Abaqus/CAE Usage:
Eulerian boundary condition editor: Flow type: Inflow, Inflow: Void
Defining the outflow condition
The outflow condition can be used to simulate an unbounded domain by
reducing reflection at the outflow boundary or to
prescribe a pressure field at
the boundary.

Free outflow
If no Eulerian boundary condition is specified, material can flow out of the
Eulerian domain freely; and the material content and
the state of each outflow
material are equal to that which presently exists within the element. If an
Eulerian boundary condition
is defined, free outflow is the default behavior if
the void inflow condition is specified at the same surface.
Input File Usage:
*EULERIAN BOUNDARY, OUTFLOW=FREE
Abaqus/CAE Usage:
Eulerian boundary condition editor: Flow type: Outflow, Outflow: Free

Nonreflecting outflow
A nonreflecting outflow condition can be used in boundary value problems
defined in unbounded domains or problems in which
the region of interest is
small in size compared to the surrounding medium. Like the infinite element
formulation described in
Using solid medium infinite elements in dynamic analyses,
the nonreflecting outflow condition introduces additional normal and
shear
tractions on the domain boundary that are proportional to the normal and shear
components of the velocity of the
boundary. These boundary damping constants
are chosen to minimize the reflection of dilatational and shear wave energy
back
into the finite element mesh. This condition does not provide perfect
transmission of energy out of the mesh except in the case
of plane body waves
impinging orthogonally on the boundary in an isotropic medium. However, it
usually provides acceptable
modeling for most practical cases. An exception is
the case when significant material transport occurs through the boundary, in
which case this condition is not suitable to be used.
Input File Usage:
*EULERIAN BOUNDARY, OUTFLOW=NONREFLECTING
Abaqus/CAE Usage:
Eulerian boundary condition editor: Flow type: Outflow, Outflow: Nonreflecting

Equilibrium outflow
Equilibrium outflow is another outflow condition that can effectively reduce
spurious reflection at artificial outflow boundaries in
unbounded domains. It
is assumed that the stress is zero-order continuous across the element faces on
the boundary. Traction
is applied to these element faces to balance the nodal
forces created by the stress in the boundary elements. This condition is
usually applied at the outflow boundary where the pressure distribution is
unknown.
Input File Usage:
*EULERIAN BOUNDARY, OUTFLOW=NONUNIFORM PRESSURE
Abaqus/CAE Usage:
Eulerian boundary condition editor: Flow type: Outflow, Outflow: Equilibrium

Zero-pressure outflow
It is common in flow problems to specify a zero pressure at the outlet of
the flow. Since the normal traction on the boundary
contains the contribution
from both the pressure and the shear stress, the natural boundary condition,
also known as the “do-
nothing condition,” is not sufficient to provide such a
condition if the shear behavior of the flow is also considered. The zero
pressure outflow condition applies a traction that counteracts the shear
contribution and, thus, generates a uniformly distributed
pressure field on the
boundary. You can apply a distributed surface load (see Surface tractions and pressure loads)
on the same
boundary to specify a nonzero pressure. This is the default outflow
condition if the inflow condition is not specified.
Input File Usage:
*EULERIAN BOUNDARY, OUTFLOW=ZERO PRESSURE
Abaqus/CAE Usage:
Eulerian boundary condition editor: Flow type: Outflow, Outflow: Zero pressure

Using Eulerian boundaries in restart analyses

You can define a new Eulerian boundary in a restart analysis, but you cannot
specify a void inflow condition at this boundary. In
addition, you cannot
change the inflow condition at an existing Eulerian boundary to the void inflow
condition in a restart
analysis.