o The Business Market versus The Consumer Market o Buying Situations Participants in the Business Buying Process o The Buying Center o Buying Center Influences o Targeting Firms and Buying Centers The Purchasing/Procurement Process Stages in the Buying Process o Problem Recognition o General Need Description and Product Specification o Supplier Search o Proposal Solicitation o Supplier Selection o Order-Routing Specification o Performance Review Developing Effective Business-to-Business Marketing Programs o Communication and Branding Activities o Systems Buying and Selling o Role of Services Managing Business-to-Business Customer Relationships o The Benefits of Vertical Coordination o Risks and Opportunism in Business Relationships Institutional and Government Markets