02.

Konsep Pembentukan
Bumi
Geologi Dasar

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Kerangka Materi
• Bumi dan Propertinya
• Bumi dan tata surya
• Teori Pembentukan Bumi dan tata surya
• Pemutaran Film
• Kesimpulan

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Bumi dan Propertinya

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 mean distance from Sun 149,598,262 km (1.0 AU)
eccentricity of orbit 0.0167
inclination of orbit to ecliptic 0.000°
Earth year (sidereal period of
365.256 days
revolution)
mean orbital velocity 29.78 km/sec
equatorial radius 6,378.14 km
polar radius 6,356.78 km
surface area 510,064,472 km2
mass 5.972 × 1024 kg
mean density 5.51 g/cm3
mean surface gravity 980 cm/sec2
escape velocity 11.2 km/sec
rotation period (Earth sidereal 23.9345 hr (23 hr 56 min 4 sec)
day) of mean solar time
24.0657 hr (24 hr 3 min 57 sec)
Earth mean solar day
of mean sidereal time
inclination of Equator to orbit 23.44°
magnetic field strength at Equator 0.3 gauss (but weakening)
dipole moment 7.9 × 1025 gauss/cm3
tilt angle of magnetic axis 11.5°
molecular nitrogen, 78%;
molecular oxygen, 21%; argon,
atmospheric composition (by
0.93%; carbon dioxide, 0.0395%
volume)
(presently rising); water, about 1%
(variable)
mean surface pressure 1 bar
mean surface temperature 288 K (59 °F, 15 °C)
http://www.britannica.com/place/Earth number of known moons 1 (the Moon)
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Bumi dan Tata Surya

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 Monroe, dkk., 2007
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 Monroe, dkk., 2007
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http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/
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Terrestrial Planet Jovian Planet

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/planet_table_ratio.html
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Planet Terrestrial dan Jovian
• Planet Terrestrial: berukuran kecil, densitas tinggi (tersusun atas inti
metal dan kerak-mantel silikat), tidak memiliki (merkurius) hingga
memiliki atmosfer yang tebal (venus).

• Planet Jovian: berukuran besar, memiliki cincin, densitas rendah

dengan inti batuan dikelilingi atmosfer yang tebal.

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Planet Terrestrial dan Jovian
• Planet Terrestrial
• Merkurius
• Venus
• Bumi
• Mars
• Planet Jovian
• Jupiter
• Saturnus
• Uranus
• Neptunus

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Bulan

Monroe, dkk., 2007

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Merkurius

Monroe, dkk., 2007

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Venus

Monroe, dkk., 2007

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Bumi

Monroe, dkk., 2007

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Mars

Monroe, dkk., 2007

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Jupiter

Monroe, dkk., 2007

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Saturnus

Monroe, dkk., 2007

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Uranus

Monroe, dkk., 2007

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Neptunus

Monroe, dkk., 2007

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(Pluto)
• Dwarf Planet in Kuiper Belt
• Made of Ice and Rock

NASA

Monroe, dkk., 2007

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https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Solar-System.pdf/page1-1280px-Solar-System.pdf.jpg

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Teori Pembentukan
Bumi dan Tata Surya

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Teori Pembentukan Bumi dan Tata Surya

• Teori Nebula
• Teori Bintang Kembar
• Teori Pasang Surut Gas (tidal)
• Teori Planetesimal

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Teori Nebula
• Teori Nebula (kabut) dikemukakan oleh
Kant-Lapplace pada tahun 1755.
• Kabut jagat raya yang berkumpul dan
berputar, membentuk matahari dan planet-
planetnya.

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Teori Bintang Kembar
• Dikemukakan oleh RA
Lyttleton pada 1956.
• Dua bintang yang saling
berdekatan, salah satu
bintang hancur membentuk
planet-planet.

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Teori Pasang-surut
• Teori ini dikemukakan oleh
Jeans-Jeffrey pada 1917
• Bintang besar melewati
matahari, menyebabkan
lidah gas yang panas
terlontar keluar dari
matahari dan membentuk
planet-planet.

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Teori Planetesimal
• Dikemukakan oleh Thomas
Chamberlin and Forest Moulton
pada 1901.
• Terlepasnya sebagian materi dari
matahari akibat hampir
bertabrakan dengan bintang lain.
• Materi yang terlepas kemudian
membentuk gumpalan
planetesimal dan mendingin
membentuk planet.

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Pemutaran Film
How The Earth Was Made: Birth of The Earth

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HOW THE EARTH WAS MADE:
BIRTH OF THE EARTH

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Penutup/Kesimpulan

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Tarbuck, E. J., Lutgens, F. K., Tasa, D., & Linneman, S. (2017).
Earth: an introduction to physical geology. Upper Saddle
River: Pearson/Prentice Hall. http://www.travelgrove.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Earth-from-outer-space.jpg
Terima Kasih

Minggu depan:
Perkembangan Teori tentang Proses – proses Geologi
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Tugas
1. Teori mana yang sesuai dengan hasil penelitian para ilmuwan dalam
pembentukan bumi? Jelaskan.
2. Berapa umur dari bumi, dari mana para ilmuwan mengetahui umur
tersebut?
3. Apa bukti bahwa 4,3 milyar tahun yang lalu bumi telah memiliki
samudera?

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Referensi

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Tugas
• Buatlah resume tentang:
- Teori geosinklin
- Continental drift
- Teori tektonik lempeng

(maksimal 3 halaman termasuk gambar dan diketik times new roman

font 11 spasi 1,5 ++daftar pustaka).

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IAU classification of Planet term (24 August 2006)
There are three main conditions for an object to be considered a "planet“
based on International Astronomical Union (IAU) classification:

▪ The object must be in orbit around the Sun.

▪ The object must be massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity.
More specifically, its own gravity should pull it into a shape of
hydrostatic equilibrium.
▪ It must have cleared the neighborhood around its orbit.

Pluto fails to meet the third condition, because:

its mass is only 0.07 times that of the mass of the other objects in its orbit
(Earth's mass, by contrast, is 1.7 million times the remaining mass in its
own orbit).

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