PLAIN & REINFORCED CONCRETE II

(Lab)

Mix Design of Concrete [ACI 211]

DR. USMAN AKMAL

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,
LAHORE
CONTENTS

Mix Design Procedure

Mix Design Example

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Concrete mix design procedure
STEP 1: Target Strength 𝑓𝑐𝑟′

𝑓𝑐𝑟′ ≥ 𝑓𝑐′ + 7.0 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑓𝑐′ < 21 𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝑓𝑐𝑟′ ≥ 𝑓𝑐′ + 8. 5 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑓𝑐′ = 21 𝑡𝑜 35 𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝑓𝑐𝑟′ ≥ 1.1𝑓𝑐′ + 5.0 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑓𝑐′ > 35 𝑀𝑃𝑎

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 Concrete mix design procedure
STEP 2: Slump [Table A1.5.3.1]

TABLE A1.5.3.1 – RECOMMENDED SLUMPS FOR VARIOUS TYPES OF

CONSTRUCTION (SI)

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Concrete mix design procedure
STEP 3: Maximum aggregate size [6.3.2]

Least of
i. 1/5th of the narrowest dimension
between sides of forms

ii. 1/3rd the depth of slabs

iii. 3/4th of the minimum clear

spacing between individual
reinforcing bars
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Concrete mix design procedure
STEP 4: Water and air content [Table A1.5.3.3]
TABLE A1.5.3.3 – APPROXIMATE MIXING WATER AND AIR CONTENT REQUIRED FOR
DIFFERENT SLUMPS AND NOMINAL MAXIMUM SIZES OF AGGREGATES (SI)

Water (W) kg/m3

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 Concrete mix design procedure
STEP 5: Water to cement ratio (w/c)[Table A1.5.3.4(a)]
TABLE A1.5.3.4(a) – RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WATER-CEMENT RATIO AND
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE (SI)

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 Concrete mix design procedure
STEP 6: Calculation of cement, C (kg/m3)

𝑤Τ = 𝑊
𝑐 𝐶
W is calculated in Step 4 and 𝑤Τ𝑐 is selected in
Step 5. Now, only unknown in above Eq. is C

𝑊
𝐶=𝑤
Τ𝑐

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 Concrete mix design procedure
STEP 7: Calculation of coarse aggregates, G (kg/m3)
𝐺 = 𝑅𝑜𝑑𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑘 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 × 𝑉𝑜𝑙)𝐺
𝑉𝑜𝑙)𝐺 (m3/m3) is selected from Table A1.5.3.6
TABLE A1.5.3.6-VOLUME OF COARSE AGGREGATE PER UNIT OF
VOLUME OF CONCRETE (SI)

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Concrete mix design procedure
STEP 8: Calculation of fine aggregates, S (kg/m3)
𝑆 = 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑠ℎ 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐. −(𝑊 + 𝐶 + 𝐺)
Density of fresh conc. is selected from Table A1.5.3.7.1

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Concrete mix design procedure
STEP 9: Adjustment of mixing water
Mixing water is adjusted (increased/decreased)
based on the values of water absorption and
moisture content of fine and coarse aggregates.
STEP 10: Adjustment of slump
If slump of the trial batch was not correct,
increase or decrease the re-estimated water
content by 2 kg/m3 of concrete for each increase or
decrease of 10 mm in slump desired. With the
increased mixing water, additional cement will
be required to keep the designed 𝑤Τ𝑐.
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 Concrete mix design Example
Given data
Target strength = 24 MPa
Slump = 75-100 mm
Max aggregate size = 37.5 mm
Rodded bulk density = 1600 kg/m3
FM of sand = 2.8
Specific gravity of cement = 3.15
Specific gravity of coarse aggregates = 2.68
Specific gravity of sand = 2.64
Water absorption of coarse aggregates = 0.5%
Water absorption of sand = 0.7%
Moisture content of coarse aggregates = 2%
Moisture content of sand = 6%

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Concrete mix design Example

Step 1: Target strength

′
𝑓𝑐𝑟 = 24 MPa

Step 2: Slump
Slump = 75-100 mm

Step 3: Max aggregate size

Max aggregate size = 37.5 mm

Step 4: Water and air content [Table A1.5.3.3]

Water = W = 181 kg/m3
Air = 2%

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Concrete mix design Example
Step 5: Water to cement ratio [Table A1.5.3.4(a)]
𝑤Τ = 0.62
𝑐

Step 6: Cement content

𝑊
𝐶=𝑤
Τ𝑐
181
𝐶= = 292 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3
0.62

Step 7: Coarse aggregates

𝐺 = 𝑅𝑜𝑑𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑘 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 × 𝑉𝑜𝑙)𝐺
𝑉𝑜𝑙)𝐺 (m3/m3) is selected from Table A1.5.3.6
𝐺 = 1600 × 0.71 = 1136 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3

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Concrete mix design Example
Step 8: Fine aggregates
𝑆 = 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑠ℎ 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐. −(𝑊 + 𝐶 + 𝐺)

Density of fresh conc. is selected from Table A1.5.3.7.1

𝑆 = 2410 − 181 + 292 + 1136 = 801 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3

Concrete ratio

C : S : G
292 : 801 : 1136
1 : 2.74 : 3.89

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Concrete mix design Example
Step 9: Adjustment of mixing water
Weight of the wet gravel = 1136 × 1.02 = 1159 kg/m3
Weight of the wet sand = 801 × 1.06 = 849 kg/m3

Mixing water = 181 – 1136 × 0.015 – 801 × 0.053

= 121.5 kg/m3
Step 10: Adjustment of slump
If slump of the trial batch was not correct, increase or
decrease the re-estimated water content by 2 kg/m3 of
concrete for each increase or decrease of 10 mm in
slump desired. With the increased mixing water,
additional cement will be required to keep the
designed 𝑤Τ𝑐.

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END OF LECTURE

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