MopULUS OF RIGIDITY BY TOR610NAL

06CTLLATIONS.

Aim the modulus of iqtolity (n)o

To delexnine
maBerial of given_wre usin4 torsinad

Appanaas
Sleel olne. solid dis.c Gtop dedch efc.

Diadyam

TdleGcope
Dsc-

formulo
B obser vat lon= By gaaph

mean step
Obsevadlons 8
M.I.of disc T_1G 300 am
Reading fer diameler of ateel
uiltre
)O.I2 cm
 Ean.dGmetea_dEQill2_cm
Radius of YOUvA
wire a T-d/2 0.0S6 c

Observd:on Table-
LLength Time t0 10
05cllad Pon (/ Ser e a n Peaiodkc
NO ffme tEme
|cmsec2 6ec3 sec Gec
tt/tose colsec
.4 13-97 13.43|141813-86 38 -20920.82
45 1444 144|435 14:4 44 2-073 21-70
5p 16.8G16 It54 IG 83 i.683 283 24 17GS
6 18 09 184518-23 18.25 825
19.14 3.8306 1GS
19-08 1 19 1913 1:913 3.G535G.31.|
Mean 2/T 13.c4.

Caleulatians
Modalus o gid ot ulae

)meon
=9x314 K1S1 300 x(8.G14
CO-056)

8x3.1 x I53 x 18. GI4 x 10

(5:C)1 X 10

8x34 X IS3 18.El toX1O

 I53 xi5.g/9 X100
xal4
983.44

343.3Gx10x 18-G14
983 44

3.98 x18
Gl4 X10

4.08 1 0

403 x10' y o
F.408 Kio dyne/cma

groph-
3 slope.of gaaph of 1 againstt
Slope1S=10.7
I4

X314XIS30 0 x10.71)
(O.056)
(S.G xio)
SxA:l4 xis Kio.7 102
(S) K108

3.14 X I3 x10:7x10x10
(S6)1
s 2133.44
3.8 10
4l45 x 1o0
4[45 10 X 10
: 414S x 1o
dzntlem
Kesd mateniaoven otire :
Madalus 0f nigiany
D B7 Cul culal tons, n 4408 x io dn e/ cro
45X10 dnelcm
a)By gauph n s
 On X-axis 1
On Y-anis 1
unt
Se.Practical PhyslcsHanln unt
 rouvA

THEVENTN'S THCOREM
Aim
la Vexiy Thevenin's theotem
AppaarttuG
Resistance (resistante box), valtage.source
Valtmele Connecling toires. etc.
Ccat diaghom

gsample Cheuit

h.

Theventes equivalent circuit

i2

Eaxmulae RL RaRg 22
4H VRa E 8V.
Ri + Ra

RL R +R3
Rth R t2
 Ohsevalfons9 Thevenin'sVallage(VEh), Temo ve_Load
(DTodelezmine
Yes1Stance RL and measuze the valtage d0SS RaThe
0b6ezved Vth_Voltage
Valage acoss Ra 1s
Obserued Vth 1Volt

(Rth)Temoye load
(OTo delermine Theveninis esistanie
poïnkst
RL cind zedute sauce foero L.e
Tesistante
between
and B in i 1 LNeze shoated, then esisfane
becomes Rth
teaminas cand 9
ObseaUed Rih 32
fo_acdive c?acait
bseavalton Thle
obs. No Lead Reslance Ri VolHage 0c3065 RLV
O-25
0 4
O.57
0-48
e1.03

Obseaelhn tahle 13 For Thexvenin's equivculond cYacuitE

Ob6 No Load Restlane RLi volfap ac05s RiVY
0-25
20 0.46
3
4 O.5
O.98
G I.03
 Calaltians ie TODVA
DCouleulatfon fox Vth

V VR

VE= 3 22
22+22

Vth=

Vth1.5 Volt

C Caleuleton fon Rth

Rth Ri La +Re
R I tR2

Rth 22X 22 422

22+22

i Reh 9 82 2
44

Rth 33.

tables- I and I, ft fs Seen that the

Erom obserulion teaminals C.and 9 is_
behauioz o sample_ circult of
cguivalent eircit at-
of Thevenin's
Some O6 tha lozds, For given alue
fezminals c'and D.In othez
loadzeststeince RLValae of
voltage dtzoss RL S
DF Table-1and Observuion
abe
S a m ei n absenuatfon
Scale:
On X-axis 1 unit=
On Y-axis1 unit=-
 Practical- 3

Bax endeulum
him To determine_accelezrukian due to rdviy
Yadius of cukion cnd tip.Length of o
bci pendlulum
Simple pendulum using
a

tppardu6 Ba pendulunm, teleácope knife.ed

ecge
meter 6cle stop uutch ehc.

omula
Dg4JC(L+L)

Piogrom o

Talescope

Fig 71
Obseavalion Tahle-
CUse the hole from A to c)
Hole
T
TO owwa
NO ccmlimeoz do 0scfllations
0) (0) Gt) Meap
4512025G45 7.G4 1G. G 69 2-8
40 160016.45 17.44 16-88 1G.g2 2-85
35 1225 1.6S G83 1G-64 1G70 G7
2
30 g00 1G14 G-1G 1G.46 1G.25 1-62 2-62
25 G25 I7 16:32 G:79 (G. 72 167 2-78
20400 17.23 17-4 1716 7-2.6 72 2-9
1S20518.14 18.34 1774 18-07 80 24
0
21.07 20.69 20.8 20.85 208 482

T
Hole TPme foso 0sdiution Gec
No. Creo cm ) Meent
45 202s1717:73 17-53 7.23 2 2.35
G.57 1Gg0 lG7 1-C2- 2..G7
40 1GO0 16-77
1225 7-67 1C 49
1z.02 17-0 23
3o go0 1G79| 16. 45 1G79 1.G71.C 2-78
G25 1G80 GGO7.09| 16.61 G8 2-82
25
400 7:92 1-61 689 1630 G8 2 82
15125 17 4s17.09 18:1C 17-5G 75 3.06
1374 19-95 19-65 98 3:32
10 1o019-8

Calouladlon6-
94 (2la.) 2O x4S
T min K Ega
X9l4 x3.14 X
3 0 cm
4X935 X CS

9654 44 cm/sed
esats
Accelerakion due to gaavity= 854, ug cmlsecs
3 0 cm
CRadfud af gakion
Cii Length of egulvalent 6fmple pendlulam c 65 cm
 Handbook 1 (SU)
Piysis Scale:
BEbenia Rratikcbl
On&:axs unit
On Y-axis1unit 2
 Practical.4 puvA

IMPEDENCE OF SERI6S LCR CIRCUIT

Ain Ta delermine the impedane phase_angle of sexies

LCR circuit.

Apparatus
Resistance sinductonce,.copacitar, ammeher valimelr,
Ac Voltage supply Connecting wlyes, etk.
Creuit diagzamg-

A.c Voliaqe

Pheses Diagaom
Yector

omua
RL A

ZR+(Kx-x)*
R Resistance oresistog in dycuft RLtRL
Jlhere =

VA
 Obsen vetdion Table-T
vatoge VoHagevog Voltage
bs Cuxent veltye
acoss R |atyo6sL acossc aross RLOCYOSs R
No T(A) VL(volt)Ve (volt) VPLIvol0 ViCR
VR(vol)
2-98 O:15 2.8 10-7
GOxlo 7.G9

Obsevelton Table I -
RRitR XLV xV L-Xcmpedene
RVR

121.33 lGo.33 2.5 46:5 79.57

Calealations
RLA RL 2 83.33
Go x103 O.o

R yR RI 7G4 127.33
GOXlo3

3)R R tRL
127 +83.33 1Go.33

NR+(L)
27,705. 60 +2 224.06
29,929.76
Z173
Resalt
DImpedante of SEMAS_LCR circult by Fozmala
179.5
Impedanne ofsertes LcR cicult Kby using Celdtion e
123
3 phase_angle d rom phasar diagacurn=
DSC-A and BExperiment
Scale:
On X-axis 1 unit
On Y-axis1 unit
 DSC-A and BEperimenty
SEIPractical Physic Handbook lSU
Scale:
On X-axis 1 unt=
On Y-axis 1 unit-

Wecier Dggram

VR
 Paachical N o . 6

Con6tants cf
MeaBurment o

o
To defermine the
galvenomeker
ConstanTS

)tguze ofmerit
llistic
Voltage 6ensilivity

iCurent sensttVity

Appartus_ Ballistfegahonomefer cell_2esistan(ebox.

Key-etC
PlugKey Foux Llay

Crcult diaqzam

B.G

FOr mctla
2 Fauare of merit
k (Pro) CRAG)
Pto)CR4G 1 0 JUAdm
 Cument SensHiwity
Si cm/4

Voltage sensitiuiky
Sv cm/UN
KG
Jalhexe k : Fgure ofmert
PE Shunt resistance.
Eem.f.of cell
deflechion of BG.
9= distante from B.Gto Scale
Reslstance of B:G
RE Resistante

Ober vcthfan_ s

DStanie betoeen scale and rmirrer of 8.G 9 - l o o c

2E.m. of batleyE 14 Volts

Resitane of 6.G. 2G350 1

Obsenedon Tahle i R 5o00

Deflectfon 9cm rmeon PlO
obs em
No
2
(15T 86
4999 2.2
2.2 o:90
2.2
4998 O85
4997 34 3-6 o:97
40
4996 42 692 5 0.98
4935 medn- 0-g2-Kop
5
By Graph
E x10slope gaaph Pgaingi 6
(P+0)(RtG) l00

Slope
5000 X 5350

K I4 xlll
207500 o0

2575 10

2.75
K= 0.000T8 x 1n

KE O.058 uALcrm.

Calelad Fong

(P+O) (R+ )
mean X1o
E J4uolt
P:0)7 lE499) 5000
(RHG)(5000 35o) 53so
D100
e) mean 0912.

KJh4
5000 5350 D-g12 xio
 2675o,000

2675
x1o
2c75

14 O0.oo47 x i o

K O-047 UA/cm

Sv

5V
O047X350

5V
1G45
s.v. O.06 cm/UV

si
O.047

s 21.27 cm/uA
 oUVA

Pesult
igare of meit (K) = O.047 UA cm
ure afmeait f2om 4zaph lk) =0.053 UA lcm
2Curend Sensitiuity (1/R) 2/:27 cmUA
Current sensiBivity fzom graph [L/K) 17.24_cmU
voltage sensitfutty (1/ka) OoGmu
 BSc.IPractical Physics Handbook 1(SLU DSC-A andBpeime
Scale:
On X-axis 1 unit
On Y-axis 2unit

axis