Ni 0115

N-115 REV.
E ENGLISH 10 / 2008
CONTEC
Comissão de
Normalização Técnica
Fabrication and Erection of Metallic Piping
SC-17
Piping
1st Amendment
This is the 1st Amendment to PETROBRAS N-115 REV. E and it is used to alter the text of the
Standard in the part indicated below:
- Table A-1:
Alterations of the Table.
- Table A-2:
Alteration of the Table.
- Note 10 of the Table A-2:
Exclusion of the text.
NOTE New changed pages are located in the corresponding original pages.
_____________
PROPERTY OF PETROBRAS 1 page

N-115 REV. E ENGLISH NOV / 2007
FABRICATION AND ERECTION OF

METALLIC PIPING
Procedure
This Standard replaces and cancels its previous revision.
The CONTEC - Authoring Subcommittee provides guidance on the
interpretation of this Standard when questions arise regarding its contents. The
Department of PETROBRAS that uses this Standard is responsible for adopting
and applying the clauses thereof.
Technical Requirement: a provision established as the most adequate and
which shall be used strictly in accordance with this Standard. If a decision is
taken not to follow the requirement (“non-conformity” to this Standard) it shall be
CONTEC based on well-founded economic and management reasons, and be approved
Comissão de Normalização and registered by the Department of PETROBRAS that uses this Standard. It is
Técnica characterized by the verb forms “shall,” “it is necessary...,” “is required to...,” “it is
required that...,” “is to...,” “has to...,” “only ... is permitted,” and other equivalent
expressions having an imperative nature.
Recommended Practice: a provision that may be adopted under the conditions
of this Standard, but which admits (and draws attention to) the possibility of
there being a more adequate alternative (not written in this Standard) to the
particular application. The alternative adopted shall be approved and registered
by the Department of PETROBRAS that uses this Standard. It is characterized
by the verbal form “should” and equivalent expressions such as “it is
recommended that...” and “ought to...” (verbs of a nonmandatory nature). It is
indicated by the expression: [Recommended Practice].
Copies of the registered “non-conformities” to this Standard that may contribute
to the improvement thereof shall be submitted to the CONTEC - Authoring
SC - 17 Subcommittee.
Piping Proposed revisions to this Standard shall be submitted to the CONTEC -
Authoring Subcommittee, indicating the alphanumeric identification and revision
of the Standard, the clause(s) to be revised, the proposed text, and
technical/economic justification for revision. The proposals are evaluated during
the work for alteration of this Standard.
“The present Standard is the exclusive property of PETRÓLEO
BRASILEIRO S.A. - PETROBRAS, for internal use in the Company,
and any reproduction for external use or disclosure, without
previous and express authorization from the owner, will imply an
unlawful act pursuant to the relevant legislation through which the
applicable responsibilities shall be imputed. External circulation
shall be regulated by a specific clause of Secrecy and
Confidentiality pursuant to the terms of intellectual and industrial
property law.”
Foreword
PETROBRAS Technical Standards are prepared by Working Groups - WG
(consisting of specialists from PETROBRAS and its Subsidiaries), are commented by PETROBRAS
Units and PETROBRAS Subsidiaries, are approved by the Authoring Subcommittees - SCs
(consisting of specialists from the same specialty, representing the various PETROBRAS Units and
PETROBRAS Subsidiaries), and ratified by the Executive Nucleus (consisting of representatives of
the PETROBRAS Units and PETROBRAS Subsidiaries). A PETROBRAS Technical Standard is
subject to revision at any time by its Authoring Subcommittee and shall be reviewed every 5 years to
be revalidated, revised or cancelled. PETROBRAS Technical Standards are prepared in accordance
with PETROBRAS standard N-1. For complete information about PETROBRAS Technical Standards
see PETROBRAS Technical Standards Catalog.
PROPERTY OF PETROBRAS 66 pages, Index of Revisions and WG

SUMARY
FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................................................... 6
1 SCOPE ........................................................................................................................................................... 6
2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................. 6
3 DEFINITIONS ...................................................................................................................................................... 8
3.1 MATERIAL QUALITY CERTIFICATE.................................................................................................... 8
3.2 BLOCKING PLATE................................................................................................................................ 8
3.3 PRE-COMMISSIONING ......................................................................................................................... 8
3.4 FIT UP AIDS.......................................................................................................................................... 8
3.5 FABRICATION ...................................................................................................................................... 9
3.6 RECEIPT INSPECTION ........................................................................................................................ 9
3.7 PERMANENT SEALING GASKET ........................................................................................................ 9
3.8 TEMPORARY SEALING GASKET........................................................................................................ 9
3.9 SAMPLING BATCH............................................................................................................................... 9
3.10 “P-NUMBER” ....................................................................................................................................... 9
3.11 WORK PROCEDURE ......................................................................................................................... 9
3.12 OVERLENGTH.................................................................................................................................... 9
3.13 SPOOL ................................................................................................................................................ 9
3.14 TEST TEMPERATURE ....................................................................................................................... 9
3.15 PIPING IN SERVICE ......................................................................................................................... 10
3.16 HAZ ................................................................................................................................................... 10
4 GENERAL CONDITIONS .................................................................................................................................. 10
5 RECEIPT, STORAGE AND PRESERVATION OF MATERIALS ....................................................................... 14
5.1 GENERAL ........................................................................................................................................... 14
5.2 SAMPLING.......................................................................................................................................... 15
5.3 PIPES.................................................................................................................................................. 15
5.4 FLANGES............................................................................................................................................ 16
5.5 FITTINGS ............................................................................................................................................ 17
5.6 VALVES .............................................................................................................................................. 18
5.7 STEAM TRAPS ................................................................................................................................... 19
5.8 SEALING GASKETS ........................................................................................................................... 20
5.9 EXPANSION JOINTS.......................................................................................................................... 20
5.10 FILTERS............................................................................................................................................ 21
5.11 FLANGE INSERTS - REFER TO PETROBRAS STANDARD N-120 ................................................ 22
5.12 BOLTS AND NUTS ........................................................................................................................... 23
5.13 SPRING HANGERS .......................................................................................................................... 23
2
5.14 OTHER PIPING COMPONENTS ...................................................................................................... 24
6 FABRICATION................................................................................................................................................... 24
7 ERECTION ........................................................................................................................................................ 25
7.1 GENERAL ........................................................................................................................................... 25
7.2 METAL SUPPORTS AND RESTRAINTS - PETROBRAS STANDARD N-1758 ................................. 32
7.3 FLANGES............................................................................................................................................ 33
7.4 VALVES .............................................................................................................................................. 34
7.5 GASKETS AND BOLTS ...................................................................................................................... 34
7.6 THREADED CONNECTIONS ............................................................................................................. 35
7.7 EXPANSION JOINTS.......................................................................................................................... 36
7.8 STEAM TRAPS ................................................................................................................................... 36
7.9 STEAM TRACING LINES.................................................................................................................... 36
7.10 UNDERGROUND PIPING................................................................................................................. 37
8 WELDING ......................................................................................................................................................... 37
9 INSPECTION..................................................................................................................................................... 38
10 HEAT TREATMENT ........................................................................................................................................ 40
11 PRESSURE TESTING .................................................................................................................................... 42
11.1 PRE-TEST PROCEDURES .............................................................................................................. 42
11.2 TEST TEMPERATURE ..................................................................................................................... 45
11.3 TEST FLUID ...................................................................................................................................... 45
11.4 TEST PRESSURE............................................................................................................................. 46
11.5 APPLYING PRESSURE, FINDING LEAKS AND FINAL TESTING................................................... 46
11.6 TESTING PIPING DURING MAINTENANCE.................................................................................... 47
12 PRE-COMMISSIONING ................................................................................................................................... 48
12.1 FINAL CHECKS ................................................................................................................................ 48
12.2 CLEANING PIPING SYSTEMS......................................................................................................... 48
12.2.1 GENERAL................................................................................................................................. 48
12.2.2 WATER FLUSHING.................................................................................................................. 49
12.2.3 CLEANING INSTRUMENT AIR SYSTEMS .............................................................................. 50
12.2.4 STEAM BLOWING................................................................................................................... 50
12.2.5 CHEMICAL CLEANING ............................................................................................................ 50
12.2.6 OIL FLUSHING ......................................................................................................................... 51
12.3 DRYING ............................................................................................................................................ 51
13 DOCUMENTATION ......................................................................................................................................... 51
14 ACCEPTANCE AND REJECTION .................................................................................................................. 52
ANNEX A - EXAMINATION REQUIRED WHEN INSPECTING PIPING WELDS.................................................. 53
3
A-1 OBJECTIVE ................................................................................................................................................... 53
A-2 INSPECTION CLASSES................................................................................................................................ 53
A-3 SAMPLING..................................................................................................................................................... 54
A-4 EXAMINATION OF WELDED JOINTS .......................................................................................................... 57
ANNEX B - SAMPLING ......................................................................................................................................... 59
B-1 OBJECTIVE ................................................................................................................................................... 59
B-2 SAMPLING..................................................................................................................................................... 59
B-3 PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING SAMPLE PERCENTAGES AND ACCEPTANCE AND REJECTION
CRITERIA........................................................................................................................................ 59
ANNEX C - WORK PROCEDURE......................................................................................................................... 62
C-1 OBJECTIVE ................................................................................................................................................... 62
C-2 CONTENT...................................................................................................................................................... 62
C-2.1 PIPING MATERIAL RECEIPT INSPECTION PROCEDURE .......................................................... 62
C-2.2 PIPING MATERIAL STORAGE AND PRESERVATION PROCEDURE.......................................... 62
C-2.3 PIPING FABRICATION, ERECTION AND PRE-COMMISSIONING PROCEDURES ..................... 62
C-2.4 COLD SPRING PROCEDURE ........................................................................................................ 63
C-2.5 SUPPORT FABRICATION AND ERECTION PROCEDURE .......................................................... 63
C-2.6 PIPING MATERIAL TRANSPORT PROCEDURES ........................................................................ 63
C-2.7 PIPE JOINT HEAT TREATMENT PROCEDURE ............................................................................ 64
C-2.8 VALVE TESTING PROCEDURE..................................................................................................... 64
C-2.9 HYDROSTATIC TESTING PROCEDURE....................................................................................... 65
C-2.10 PNEUMATIC TEST PROCEDURE................................................................................................ 65
C-2.11 LINE FLUSHING PROCEDURE.................................................................................................... 65
C-2.12 STEAM BLOW PROCEDURE ....................................................................................................... 66
C-2.13 CHEMICAL CLEANING PROCEDURE: ........................................................................................ 66
TABLES
TABLE A-1 – INSPECTION CLASSES (AS A FUNCTION OF PRESSURE CLASS) ........................................... 53
TABLE A-2 - TYPE AND EXTENT OF EXAMINATION FOR EACH TYPE OF WELD .......................................... 55
TABLE B-1 - SAMPLE CODES ............................................................................................................................. 59
TABLE B-2 - SIMPLE SAMPLING PLAN - BASED ON THE QUALITY LIMIT FOR CONSUMER RISK OF ABOUT
5 % .................................................................................................................................................. 61
4
FIGURES
FIGURE 1 - DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES ......................................................................................................... 12
FIGURE 2 - PENETRATING BELL MOUTH.......................................................................................................... 27
FIGURE 3 - OVERLAP BELL MOUTHD................................................................................................................ 28
FIGURE 3 - OVERLAP BELL MOUTHER ............................................................................................................. 29
FIGURE 4 - BRIDGE ATTACHMENT POSITIONING ........................................................................................... 31
FIGURE 5 – SPACER INSERT ............................................................................................................................. 32
FIGURE 6 - GAP FOR SOCKET WELD CONNECTION....................................................................................... 38
FIGURE 7 - HEATED REGION AND THERMAL INSOLATION DIMENSIONS .................................................... 41
____________
/FOREWORD
5
FOREWORD
This Standard is the English version (issued in AUG/2008) of PETROBRAS standard

N-115 REV. E NOV/2007. In case of doubt, the Portuguese version, which is the valid
document for all intents and purposes, shall be used.
1 SCOPE
1.1 This Standard establishes minimum requirements for the fabrication, erection,
maintenance, pre-commissioning, inspection and testing of metallic piping in industrial
facilities, including: offshore exploration and production units, process areas, utility areas,
tank farms and auxiliary installations, terminals, storage bases, pumping stations,
compression stations city gates.
1.2 This Standard does not apply to:
a) non-metallic piping;
b) metallic piping that is specifically for instrumentation and control systems, as
established PETROBRAS standard N-57;
c) sanitary sewer piping;
d) Industrial drainage piping and land installations standardized by
PETROBRAS standard N-38;
e) Piping belonging to equipment supplied under the “package” system (compact)
established in PETROBRAS standard N-57;
f) oil and gas pipelines.
1.3 This standard shall apply to the activities described in paragraph 1.1 from the date on
which it is published.
1.4 This Standard contains Technical Requirements and Recommended Practices.
2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Portaria no 214 de 8/6/78 - Norma Regulamentadora do Ministério do Trabalho e

Emprego no 18 (NR-18) - Condições e Meio Ambiente
de Trabalho na Indústria da Construção;
PETROBRAS N-12 - Acondicionamento e Embalagem de Válvulas;
PETROBRAS N-13 - Technical Requirements for Paintwork;
PETROBRAS N-38 - Criterion for Design of Drainage, Segregation, Flow
Preliminary Treatment of Liquid Effluents of Onshore
Installations;
PETROBRAS N-42 - Projeto de Sistema de Aquecimento Externo de
Tubulação, Equipamento e Instrumentação com
Vapor;
PETROBRAS N-57 - Projeto Mecânico de Tubulações Industriais;
PETROBRAS N-116 - Sistemas de Purga de Vapor em Tubulações;
6
PETROBRAS N-118 -
Filtro Temporário e Filtro Gaveta para Tubulação;
PETROBRAS N-120 -
Peças de Inserção entre Flanges;
PETROBRAS N-133 -
Welding;
PETROBRAS N-250 -
Installations of High Temperature Thermal Insulation;
PETROBRAS N-269 -
Pressure Vessel Assembly;
PETROBRAS N-442 -
External Painting of Piping for Onshore Facilities;
PETROBRAS N-464 -
Construction, Installation and Commissioning of
Pipelines on Land;
PETROBRAS N-505 - Pig Launcher and Receiver for Offshore and Onshore
PipelineS;
PETROBRAS N-896 - Installation of Low Temperature Thermal Insulation;
PETROBRAS N-1277 - Polyamide Zinc Epoxy Base Paint;
PETROBRAS N-1374 - Offshore Drilling and Production Rig Painting;
PETROBRAS N-1438 - Welding Terms;
PETROBRAS N-1590 - Non-Destructive Test - Personnel Qualification;
PETROBRAS N-1591 - Metal Alloys and Metals Identification by Magnet and
Punctual Tests;
PETROBRAS N-1592 - Non-Destructive Testing - Magnet and Spot Testing;
PETROBRAS N-1593 - Non-Destructive Testing - Leak Test;
PETROBRAS N-1594 - Non-Destructive Testing - Ultrasonic;
PETROBRAS N-1595 - Non-Destructive Testing - Radiography;
PETROBRAS N-1596 - Non-Destructive Testing - Liquid Penetrant;
PETROBRAS N-1597 - Non-Destructive Testing Visual Inspection;
PETROBRAS N-1598 - Non-Destructive Testing - Magnetic Particles;
PETROBRAS N-1673 - Piping Mechanical Design Criteria;
PETROBRAS N-1758 - Support, Abutment and Restriction for Piping;
PETROBRAS N-1882 - Criteria for Preparing Instrumentation Design;
PETROBRAS N-2162 - Work Permit;
PETROBRAS N-2163 - Welding and Hot Tapping on In-Service Equipment,
Industrial Piping and Pipelines;
PETROBRAS N-2301 - Elaboration of Technical Documents for Welding;
PETROBRAS N-2344 - Safety in Industrial Radiography Work;
PETROBRAS N-2349 - Safety in Welding and Cutting Works;
PETROBRAS N-2368 - Inspeção, Manutenção, Calibração e Teste de
Válvulas de Segurança e/ou Alívio;
PETROBRAS N-2428 - Evaluation of Exposure to Noise Levels in Worksites
Using Noise Dosimeters;
PETROBRAS N-2488 - Evaluation of Illuminance Levels;
PETROBRAS N-2719 - Estocagem de Tubo em Área Descoberta;
PETROBRAS N-2767 - Padrão de Identificação de Materiais por Código de
Cores;
ABNT NBR 5425 - Guia para Inspeção por Amostragem no Controle e
Certificação de Qualidade;
ABNT NBR 5426 - Planos de Amostragem e Procedimentos na Inspeção
por Atributos;
ABNT NBR 5427 - Guia para Utilização da Norma ABNT NBR 5426;
ABNT NBR 6494 - Segurança nos Andaimes;
ABNT NBR 14842 - Critérios para a Qualificação e Certificação de
Inspetores de Soldagem;
ABNT NBR NM ISO 9712 - Ensaios Não Destrutivos - Qualificação e Certificação
de Pessoal;
API 570 - Piping Inspection Code - Inspection, Repair, Alteration,
and Rerating of In-Service Piping Systems;
API RP 686 - Recommended Practices for Machinery Installation
and Installation Design;
ASME BPVC Sec. VIII, Division 1 - Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels;
7
ASME BPVC Sec. IX - Qualification Standard for Welding and Brazing

Procedures, Welders, Brazers, and Operators;
ASME B16.5 - Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings NPS 1/2 Through
NPS 24;
ASME B16.11 - Forged Fittings, Socket-Welding and Threaded;
ASME B16.47 - Large Diameter Steel Flanges NPS 26 Through
NPS 60;
ASME B31.1 - Power Piping;
ASME B31.3 - Process Piping;
ASME B31.4 - Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquid
Hydrocarbons and Others Liquids;
ASME B31.8 - Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems;
MSS SP-25 - Standard Marking System for Valves, Fittings, Flanges
and Unions;
MSS SP-44 - Steel Pipeline Flanges;
MSS SP-55 - Quality Standard for Steel Castings for Valves,
Flanges, Fittings and Other Piping Components -
Visual Method for Evaluation of Surface Irregularities.
Note: For documents referred in this Standard and for which only the Portuguese version
is available, the PETROBRAS department that uses this Standard should be
consulted for any information required for the specific application.
3 DEFINITIONS
For the purposes of this Standard, the definitions indicated in 3.1 to 3.16 are adopted.
3.1 Material Quality Certificate
A record of the results of the tests and examinations required by applicable standards,
conducted by the manufacturer of the material.
3.2 Blocking Plate
A steel plate, of the same specification as the pipe material, welded to the end of a pipe
using any of the welding details for flat heads and covers provided in ASME code BPVC
Section VIII, Division 1, used to seal off a fluid for pressure testing.
3.3 Pre-Commissioning
Preliminary activities required to render piping, equipment and systems fit for commissioning
operation or hibernation.
3.4 Fit Up Aids
Welded or non-welded devices used temporarily to ensure that the parts being welded are
properly aligned / fitted up.
8
3.5 Fabrication
Assembly of pipe spools in factories or pipe shops.
3.6 Receipt Inspection
An inspection conducted in accordance with pre-established sampling criteria, in which the

main characteristics of the piping materials are examined before being applied.
3.7 Permanent Sealing Gasket
A gasket that is intended to be permanently installed in the piping from erection to operation.
3.8 Temporary Sealing Gasket
A gasket to be replaced before the piping enters into service.
3.9 Sampling Batch
A set of identical parts, delivered on the same date, from the same manufacturer and, where
applicable, from a single run.
3.10 “P-number”
Classification of base materials based on their weldability as defined in

ASME code BPVC Section IX.
3.11 Work Procedure
A document issued by the company executing the services defining service parameters and
procedures.
3.12 Overlength
Additional spool length to allow for field adjustments.
3.13 Spool
A sub-assembly of a line formed by at least one end fitting and a section of pipe, or 2 fittings,
assembled in a factory or pipe shop.
3.14 Test Temperature
The temperature of the test liquid, defined as the average of a series of readings made in the
tank. For pneumatic tests it is the temperature of the pipe material during testing.
9
3.15 Piping in Service
Piping that has not been decommissioned and that is or has previously been in operation.
3.16 HAZ
Heat-affected zone, as defined by PETROBRAS standard N-1438.
4 GENERAL CONDITIONS
4.1 Receipt, storage, fabrication, erection, maintenance, conditioning, heat treatment,

cleaning, inspection and testing of piping systems and components shall be conducted in
accordance with the relevant work procedures (prepared in accordance with this Standard),
the design documentation, the standard piping material specifications established in the
applicable PETROBRAS standards and the safety requirements established in ABNT
standard NBR 6494, NR-18 and PETROBRAS standards N-2162, N-2344, N-2349, N-2428
and N-2488. Where reference is made to the applicable design standard, the prescriptions
established in ASME codes B31.1, B31.3, B31.4 or B31.8, as applicable, shall be observed.
The criteria for selection of the type and extent of nondestructive examination are defined in
ANNEX A. Guidance on sampling of piping components is provided in ANNEX B. Examples
of the basic contents of work procedures are provided in ANNEX C.
4.2 Welding documentation shall be prepared in accordance with PETROBRAS standard

N-2301 and welding services shall be conducted in accordance with de PETROBRAS
standard N-133 and Chapter 8 of this Standard.
4.3 Non-destructive examination shall be conducted in accordance with PETROBRAS

standards N-1591 to N-1598.
4.4 Welding shall be conducted only by welders that are qualified in accordance with
PETROBRAS standard N-133.
4.5 Non-destructive examination shall be conducted only by inspectors that are qualified in
accordance with ABNT standard NBR NM ISO 9712 and PETROBRAS standard N-1590.
4.6 Welding inspection shall be conducted only by welders that are qualified in accordance
with ABNT standard NBR 14842. In the case of level 2 welding inspectors, qualification in
accordance with the applicable design standard is required.
4.7 Welding consumables shall be handled in accordance with PETROBRAS standard

N-133.
4.8 Only materials that have been correctly identified, accepted and released by receipt
inspection may be employed in fabrication and erection.
10
4.9 Piping parts, pipes and accessories shall be cleaned inside and outside immediately
prior to fabrication and erection.
4.9.1 Pipe ends to be welded shall be cleaned in accordance with PETROBRAS standard
N-133.
4.9.2 Threaded and flanged ends shall be clean and free of corrosion, paint, dirt, dents and
grooves. For flanged connections, any paint and grease must be removed with a solvent.
4.10 The identification plates of equipment and accessories shall be protected during
assembly and shall not be covered by paint or thermal insulation.
4.11 Before erection, the pipe supports (metal or concrete) must be topographically
surveyed to determine whether they are positioned in accordance with the design
documentation.
4.12 Piping shall be fabricated and erected in accordance with the design documentation
and within the dimensional tolerances established by the design standard, or, where none is
available, within the dimensional tolerances established in FIGURE 1 of this Standard.
11
1
6
1 - TOLERANCIES FOR FACE TO FACE, CENTER TO CENTER

DISTANCE: 3 mm.
2 - JOINT ALIGNMENT: 1.5 mm.

1 5
3 - MAXIMUM SEPARATION OF THE POSITION FLANGE INDICATED IN

THE PROJECT: 1.5 mm.
4 - BORE DESALIGNMENT THROUGH FLANGE ROTATION IN

RELATION TO THE CORRECT POSITION: 1.5 mm, MEASURED
AS INDICATED IN THE FIGURE.
1 1
5 - FLANGE DISPLACEMENT OR DERIVATION OF THE POSITION

INDICATED IN THE PROJECT: 1.5 mm.
1
6 - IN CURVED TUBES, THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MAXIMUM AND
MINIMUM DIAMETER (FLATNESS) CANNOT BE GREATER THAN
4 8 % OUTER DIAMETER, WITH INTERNAL PRESSURE, AND
3 % WITH OUTER PRESSURE.
5 7 - FLANGE INCLINATION ANGLE RELATED TO THE CENTER LINE OF

THE PIPING: 90° ± 0.5°.
1 3
NOTES: 1) THE INCLINATION AMONG THE WELDED STRETCHES OF A SAME LINE: 2 mm IN 1 m.

2) THE TOLERANCIES ARE NOT CUMULATIVE.
FIGURE 1 - DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCIES
12
4.13 Pipe bending shall be done in accordance with the requirements of the design
standard; however, the minimum radius of the center line shall be in accordance with
PETROBRAS standard N-57. For coated pipes, the coating may only be applied after
bending.
4.14 Supports shall be erected, welded and heat-treated (see item 7.2) in accordance with
the design documentation and the design standard.
4.15 Butt weld reinforcements may be ground off making sure not to reduce the thickness of
the pipe or fitting.
4.16 All welded joints shall be identified by the code(s) of the welder(s) or welding
operator(s) in accordance with PETROBRAS standard N-133; said codes shall be recorded
in the control maps. All joints shall also be identified when released for welding and after
welding. The joints of every piping assembly shall be sequentially numbered for traceability.
4.17 Removal of welded fit up aids must be so done as to prevent material from being
broken off. If welding repair is required, this shall be done by qualified welders following a
welding procedure
4.18 Where required, heat treatment shall be conducted using the method defined in the
approved work procedure (see Chapter 10).
4.19 The repair surface shall be submitted to liquid penetrant or magnetic particle
examination (PETROBRAS standards N-1596 or N-1598) to ensure that all defects have
been removed. Joint repairs shall be conducted in accordance with an approved welding
procedure and only after all defects have been removed. The repaired joints shall be
re-inspected and heat treated where specified.
4.20 Welding slag and fit up aids shall be removed and the areas in which such devices
were welded shall be inspected before pressure testing the piping.
4.20.1 Provisional supports used for erection shall be removed before pressure testing the
piping system, except provisional supports that are not welded to the line and are required
for hydrostatic testing (example: gas lines).
4.20.2 The areas in which provisional supports and fit up aids were welded shall be ground
flush and visually inspected in accordance with PETROBRAS standard N-1597. Liquid
penetrant or magnetic particle examination (PETROBRAS standard N-1596 or N-1598) shall
also be conducted. If any material has been broken off, the area must be repaired in
accordance with item 4.19 of this Standard.
4.21 For jacketed pipes, the requirements established in the design standard shall be
observed. The welds of the inner pipe must be inspected and tested before fitting the jacket,
and the flanged connections must be tested after the assembly is installed in the field.
13
4.22 Temporary filters in accordance with PETROBRAS standard N-118 shall be fitted at the
inlets of vessels, compressors, turbines, and other equipment that may be damaged by
particles that have not been isolated from the system. These filters shall remain in the
system during pressure testing, cleaning, commissioning and initial operation.
4.23 In special cases in which no contamination by the cleaning or test fluid is allowed,
isolation devices shall be installed at the inlets and outlets of the equipment observing the
limits of the sub-systems.
4.24 When repairing, modifying or re-classifying piping systems that are in service, it is
recommendable to follow the guidance provided in API standard 570. [Recommended
Practice]
4.25 When repairing piping systems that are in operation or connecting them to new piping
systems, the requirements contained in PETROBRAS standard N-2163 shall be observed.
4.26 Coatings and thermal insulation shall be in accordance with the prescriptions contained
in PETROBRAS standards N-13, N-250, N-442, N-896 and N-1374, as applicable.
5 RECEIPT, STORAGE AND PRESERVATION OF MATERIALS
5.1 General
5.1.1 All materials shall be inspected before being employed in fabrication or erection.
5.1.2 All materials, regardless of whether they pass receipt inspection, shall be identified
and stored properly in accordance with PETROBRAS standard N-2767. The identification
shall be traceable to the certificate.
5.1.3 The materials of all components (except carbon steel) shall be subjected to steel and
alloys determination tests in accordance with PETROBRAS standard N-1591, and the results
of such tests shall be compared to the material identification of the part.
5.1.4 Castings shall be visually inspected in accordance with the requirements established
in MSS standard SP-55.
5.1.5 Stainless steel materials shall be stored, handled and processed in total segregation
from the other materials so as to avoid the risk of contamination.
14
5.2 Sampling
5.2.1 For items that are required to be sample-inspected, this shall be done for each batch
using the number of samples (see item 5.2.2) specified in ANNEX B for each pipe
component.
5.2.2 The number of samples for verification of the characteristics of components is

determined based on the following parameters: inspection level: II, QL:10, sampling plan:
simple; and consumer risk: 5 %, except in the cases specified below:
a) ASTM A 53 and ASTM A 120 pipes: general inspection level: II, QL: 15,
sampling plan: simple, and consumer risk: 5 %;
b) gaskets with fillers and ring-type joints: general inspection level II, QL: 4,
sampling plan: simple, and consumer risk: 5 %;
5.3 Pipes
5.3.1 All pipes shall be inspected to ensure that the following information is painted on the
pipe ends: complete material specification, diameter and thickness. If the batch has only one
pipe identified, this identification must be transferred to the other pipes in the batch.
5.3.2 The material quality certificates of all pipes, including the radiographic examination
reports of welded (as opposed to seamless) pipes and heat treatment certificates (where
applicable), shall be checked against the applicable specification.
5.3.3 Pipes shall be sample-inspected (see item 5.2) to determine whether the following
characteristics are in accordance with the applicable specifications, standards and
procedures:
a) thickness;
b) diameter;
c) circularity at both ends;
d) beveled or threaded ends;
e) weld reinforcement;
f) the state of the inner and outer surfaces (dents and corrosion);
g) bending;
h) the state of the coating;
i) perpendicularity of end face.
5.3.4 Pipes shall be stored in accordance with PETROBRAS standard N-2719. Pipes with
inner coatings shall be stored in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.
5.3.5 Pipe bevels shall be protected upon receipt by applying a removable vinyl resin base
varnish coating.
15
5.3.6 Threaded ends shall be protected upon receipt by applying a layer of anti-corrosive
grease and installing a plastic thread protector, steel thread protector or rubber strips; this
protection shall be inspected every 6 months.
5.3.7 It is recommendable for the outer surfaces of the pipes to be protected from corrosion,
but maintaining the identification of the materials as established in PETROBRAS standard
N-2767. If a coating is applied, PETROBRAS standard N-442, should be observed,
considering the storage conditions. [Recommended Practice]
5.4 Flanges
5.4.1 All flanges shall be checked to ensure that they have identification markings stamped
on them as specified in ASME codes B16.5, B16.47 and MSS standards SP-25 or SP-44 and
with the following information: type of face, material specification, nominal diameter, pressure
class, thickness, instrument plate (TAG - for orifice flanges) and the manufacturer’s
trademark.
5.4.2 The material quality certificates of all flanges shall be checked against the applicable
specification.
5.4.3 Flanges shall be sample-inspected (see item 5.2) to determine whether the following
procedures:
a) inner and outer diameter;

b) neck thickness;
c) height and outer diameter of raised face;
d) serrated groove depth, type and pitch and roughness;
e) state of flange facings;
f) flange thickness;
g) welding neck, slip-on, socket weld or threaded (thread type and pitch);
h) ring-type joint;
i) state of the threads (no dents, corrosion or burrs) and whether they are properly
protected;
j) state of coating (no faults or lack of adhesion);
k) hole pattern;
l) hardness of ring joint faces (RJF).
5.4.4 All flanges shall be inspected for cracks, bending or dents and flange facings shall be
inspected with respect to their serrated finish, whether they are in good condition and free of
dents or corrosion.
5.4.5 Flange bevels shall be protected against corrosion upon receipt by applying a
removable vinyl resin base varnish coating.
16
5.4.6 Flange faces and threads shall be protected against corrosion and mechanical
damage using anticorrosive grease or removable vinyl resin base varnish and particle board
discs secured to the flanges by regular bolts or galvanized wire (fastened at least 4 points
spaced 90° apart). Flange facings and threads shall be protected upon receipt and every 90
days thereafter when exposed to the weather or every 180 days when stored in sheltered
areas. If frequent rains occur, protection must be reapplied more frequently.
5.4.7 It is recommendable to protect the inner and outer surfaces of flanges against
corrosion. If coatings are applied, PETROBRAS standard N-442 should be observed,
considering the storage conditions. [Recommended Practice]
5.5 Fittings
5.5.1 All fittings must be checked for markings indicating the following data:
a) complete material specification;

b) diameter;
c) pressure class or thickness;
d) type and manufacturer’s trademark.
5.5.2 The material quality certificates of all fittings, including radiographic examination
reports and heat treatment certificates, when required, shall be checked against the
applicable specifications.
5.5.3 Fittings shall be sample-inspected (see item 5.2) to determine whether the following
procedures:
a) end diameter;
b) circularity;
c) center-face distance;
d) bevel, socket weld or threaded (thread type and pitch);
e) thickness;
f) bend angularity;
g) the state of the surface (no dents, corrosion, cracks and temporary welds);
h) the general state of the heat treatment or coating (no faults, lack of adhesion
and thickness).
5.5.4 Fitting bevels shall be protected against corrosion upon receipt by applying a
removable vinyl resin base varnish coating.
5.5.5 Fitting threads shall be protected upon receipt using anticorrosive grease or removable
vinyl resin base varnish.
5.5.6 The outer surfaces of the fittings shall be protected upon receipt as described in
item 5.3.7.
17
5.5.7 Fittings shall be stored in such a manner as to prevent water from building up inside.
5.6 Valves
5.6.1 All valves shall be checked to ensure that they have markings stamped on them in
accordance with the applicable coding specifications.
5.6.2 The material quality certificates and alloy identification (spot test) certificates shall be
checked against the applicable specification.
5.6.3 Hydrostatic and test certificates and seals shall be verified.
5.6.4 Valves shall be sample-inspected (see item 5.2) to determine whether the following
procedures:
a) end diameter;
b) flanges (see item 5.4);
c) pressure class;
d) face-to-face distance;
e) minimum flow-by area;
f) bevel or socket weld;
g) threads (type and thread);
h) the state of the surface of the valve body in terms of corrosion, denting and
casting defects;
i) whether the stem has been bent and the general aspect of the hand wheel;
j) indication of the direction of flow on the valve body;
k) the state of the valve packings and their conformity to the relevant
specification;
l) conformity of the bosses and welding sockets or threads to the relevant
specification;
m) inner coating.
5.6.5 Spot tests for determination of alloys in accordance with PETROBRAS standard
N-1591 shall be conducted on all valve components not made of carbon steel, as defined in
items 5.6.5.1 to 5.6.5.2.
5.6.5.1 100 % of the valve materials (body and trim) that are accessible for testing without
the need for disassembly (generally applicable to valves over 3” in diameter) shall be tested.
5.6.5.2 For smaller diameter valves, where spot testing the valve trim materials would
require valve disassembly, the readily accessible materials (such as the body, bonnet and
bolts, as applicable) shall be spot tested on 100 % of the valves. Valve trim samples shall be
tested using the number of samples defined in TABLE B-1, general inspection level II. To
determine batch size the valves shall be grouped by manufacturer and type of valve.
18
5.6.6 Body pressure tests and sealing tests shall be performed as defined in items 5.6.6.1
and 5.6.6.2.
5.6.6.1 All valves the factory tests of which were not witnessed by a PETROBRAS
representative shall be tested. The tests shall follow the same procedures used for the
factory tests.
5.6.6.2 Valves that have been factory tested in the presence of a PETROBRAS
representative shall be sample tested using the number of samples defined in TABLE B-1,
general inspection level II. To determine batch size the valves shall be grouped by supplier,
type of valve, diameter and pressure class.
5.6.7 Testing samples as described in item 5.6.6.2 is only applicable when there is evidence
that the valves have been shipped in appropriate transport conditions. Valve receipt must
therefore be monitored by a PETROBRAS representative. Where there is evidence that the
valves have not been shipped in appropriate transport conditions, they shall be 100 %
inspected.
5.6.8 If any valve fails any of the tests described in items 5.6.5.2 and 5.6.6.2, another
2 valves of the same batch shall be tested. If any valve is rejected in this second test run, all
the valves from that particular supplier shall be tested, regardless of their type, diameter and
pressure class.
5.6.9 Valves shall be preserved and packaged as prescribed in PETROBRAS standard N-12
upon receipt (if necessary) and every 90 days thereafter, when exposed to the weather, or
every 180 days when stored in sheltered locations. For valves stored outdoors, the
preservation measures prescribed in PETROBRAS standard N-12 shall be required more
frequently when frequent rains occur or in locations exposed to salt spray.
5.6.10 Valve trims, stems, pins, gear boxes, external gears and other non-painted surfaces
such as threads, bolts, nuts and bevels shall be protected by anticorrosive grease upon
receipt and every 180 days thereafter.
5.6.11 Gate and globe valves over 2” in diameter shall be stored in an upright position.
5.7 Steam Traps
5.7.1 All steam traps shall be inspected to ensure that they are fitted with identification
plates indicating the following characteristics: type, pressure class, material and presence of
a filter.
5.7.2 All steam traps shall be inspected for proper flow direction indication. If lacking, such
indication shall be provided.
19
5.7.3 Steam traps shall be sample-inspected (see item 5.2) with respect to the following
characteristics:
a) dimensions, particularly end-to-end distance - the dimensions of the steam trap

must be in accordance with the manufacturer’s catalogue;
b) general state of cleanliness.
5.7.4 Steam traps shall be stored in sheltered areas, in their original packaging or on
shelves, protected from mechanical damage and oxidation.
5.8 Sealing Gaskets
5.8.1 All gaskets shall be inspected to ensure that they are identified with the following
information: material, type, filer material, diameters, pressure class, dimensional standard
and manufacturer’s trademark.
5.8.2 All ring type joint gaskets shall be inspected with respect to their surface conditions,
corrosion, denting, damage and cracks.
5.8.3 Gaskets shall be sample-inspected (see item 5.2) to determine whether the following
procedures:
a) thickness;
b) inner and outer diameter;
c) pitch (spiral-wound or corrugated gaskets);
d) spacers of metallic gaskets (outer diameter and thickness);
e) all dimensions;
f) hardness of ring type joint gaskets.
5.8.4 The material quality certificates of all gaskets shall be inspected for conformity to the
relevant specification.
5.8.5 Gaskets shall be stored in sheltered areas an in such a manner as to prevent denting,
damage and cracking. Metallic gaskets shall also be protected against corrosion.
5.9 Expansion Joints
5.9.1 All expansion joints shall be inspected o ensure that they are fitted with identification
plates with the appropriate coding numbers.
5.9.2 Expansion joints shall be inspected to determine whether the following characteristics
are in accordance with the applicable specifications, standards and procedures:
a) end-to-end distance;
b) ends (flanged and butt weld);
20
c) end diameter;
d) tie rods;
e) restraining devices;
f) equalizing rings;
g) pantograph linkages;
h) welds;
i) the general state of the expansion joint parts in terms of cracking, denting and
corrosion, particularly in the bellows area, where no defects are allowed;
j) the state of the 1)DRESSER® type coupling gaskets;
k) alignment;
l) flow direction markings;
m) pre-deformation in accordance with the design documentation;
n) data sheets;
o) suitability for design conditions (pressure, temperature and movement);
p) internal refraction;
q) outer insulation.
5.9.3 The material quality certificates of all expansion joints shall be inspected against the
5.9.4 The machined faces of expansion joint flanges shall be protected against corrosion as
prescribed in item 5.4.6.
5.9.5 The bevel ends of expansion joints shall be protected against corrosion upon receipt
by applying a removable, vinyl resin base varnish.
5.9.6 Expansion joints shall be stored in sheltered areas and in such a manner as to prevent
damage, particularly to the bellows. Tie rods and other temporary restraining devices
provided by the manufacturer shall be maintained for protection.
5.9.7 Tie rod threads, the threaded connections of equalizing rings (if any) and hinges shall
be protected from corrosion as described in item 5.4.6.
5.10 Filters
5.10.1 All filters shall be inspected for proper identification in accordance with the defined
coding system.
5.10.2 Filters shall be sample-inspected (see item 5.2) to determine whether the following
procedures:
a) end-to-end distance;
b) support dimensions;
c) ends;
1)
DRESSER is the name trade of a coupling manufacturer. This information is provided for the convenience of
users of this Standard and does not constitute an endorsement by PETROBRAS of the product mentioned.
Equivalent products may be used, provided they lead to the same results.
21
d) the state of the filtering element and whether it is in accordance with the design
standards;
e) the general state of the filter;
f) test certificate.
5.10.3 The material quality certificates of all filters shall be inspected against the relevant
specification.
5.10.4 The machined faces of filters must be protected against corrosion as recommended
in item 5.4.6.
5.10.5 The beveled ends of filters should be protected against corrosion upon receipt by
applying removable vinyl resin based varnish.
5.10.6 Filters shall be stored in their original packaging, in a sheltered environment, to

prevent damage.
5.11 Flange Inserts - Refer to PETROBRAS Standard N-120
5.11.1 All flange inserts shall be inspected to ensure that they are stamped with the
following information: complete material specification, pressure class and nominal diameter.
5.11.2 The material quality certificates of all flange inserts shall be inspected against the
5.11.3 All flange inserts shall be inspected with respect to their general surface condition,
especially serrated surfaces (there shall be no dents or corrosion), and whether they are
properly protected.
5.11.4 Flange inserts shall be sample-inspected (see item 5.2) to determine whether the
following characteristics are in accordance with the applicable specifications, standards and
procedures:
a) inner and outer diameter of the flange area;

b) serrated groove depth, type and pitch
d) ring type joint;
e) position of pivot hole;
f) diameter of pivot hole;
g) diameter of raised face.
5.11.5 The facings of flange inserts shall be protected against corrosion by applying
anti-corrosive grease or removable vinyl resin base varnish upon receipt and every 90 days
thereafter.
5.11.6 Flange insert facings shall be protected against mechanical damage upon receipt
using particleboard disks.
22
5.12 Bolts and Nuts
5.12.1 All batches of bolts and nuts shall be inspected to ensure that they are identified with
the following information: material, diameter, type of thread, manufacturing process and
manufacturer.
5.12.2 The material quality certificates of all bolt and nut batches shall be inspected against
the relevant specifications.
5.12.3 Every batch shall be sample-inspected (see item 5.2) to determine whether the
following characteristics are in accordance with the applicable specifications, standards and
procedures:
a) material specification stamped on nuts and bolts;

b) bolt length;
c) bolt and nut diameter;
d) nut height and face-to-face and edge-to-edge distance;
e) thread type and pitch;
f) general condition (no dents, cracks, corrosion), finish quality, and whether they
are appropriately protected.
5.12.4 Bolts, nuts, studs and threaded rods shall be protected against corrosion upon receipt
whenever necessary using anticorrosive grease.
5.12.5 Bolts and nuts shall be stored in sheltered areas.
5.13 Spring Hangers
5.13.1 All spring hangers shall be inspected to ensure that they are fitted with an
identification plate conforming to the defined coding system.
5.13.2 All spring hangers and their components shall be inspected for corrosion, denting and
cracking.
5.13.3 The loads and travel ranges specified on the plates shall be inspected against the
relevant specifications.
5.13.4 The hot and cold positions must be properly indicated.
5.13.5 The pivots of constant support hangers shall be lubricated upon receipt in
accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.
5.13.6 Spring hangers shall be stored a in a sheltered and safe area, without removing their
temporary restraints.
23
5.14 Other Piping Components
Other piping components shall be sample-inspected (see item 5.2) to ensure that i) they are
identified as required, ii) the material quality and test certificates are in accordance with the
relevant specifications and iii) their design characteristics are in accordance with the design
documentation.
6 FABRICATION
6.1 Division of lines into spools shall be done in accordance with the recommendations
provided in items 6.1.1 to 6.1.8, except when the spool fabrication drawings have been
drafted by the designer.
6.1.1 All fittings shall be included in the spools.
6.1.2 For every line to be divided, degrees of freedom in all three orthogonal directions shall
be provided whenever possible to allow for field adjustment.
6.1.3 Spool dimensions and weights shall be limited by the capacity of the means of
transport and lifting equipment available.
6.1.4 All branch connections and angle cuts shall be included in the spools.
6.1.5 The spools shall include as many of the required welds as possible to limit field welds
to a minimum, particularly as concerns spools that require heat treatment.
6.1.6 The minimum distance between penetration welds (circumferential, welded branch
connections) in piping shall be 4 times the thickness of the pipe or 100 mm, whichever is
greater. Welds at shorter intervals require approval from PETROBRAS and inspection per
item A-4.7 of this Standard.
6.1.7 The minimum distance between branch lines shall be as established in the design
documentation.
6.1.8 When ultrasonic examination of field welds is specified, these welds shall not be
located at connections between pipes and fittings.
6.2 Before welding, all alloy steel and alloy components that are not properly identified shall
be spot tested for determination of alloys in accordance with PETROBRAS standard N-1591.
6.3 When fabricating spools, the need for overlength shall be taken into consideration.
6.4 All welds and the number of spools into which the system is divided shall be marked on
the isometrics by the fabricator. The numbering shall provide traceability.
24
6.5 Spools shall be clearly and durably identified in accordance with the identification system
specified in the work procedure. The identification shall contain the isometric number and the
spool number.
6.6 Fitting dimensions shall be verified before cutting the pipes so that any differences found
can be taken into account and compensated for.
6.7 Moving spools that have only been tack welded requires extra precaution to avoid
breaking or cracking the tacks.
6.8 Finished spools shall be cleaned and preserved as described in Chapter 5, as

applicable.
6.9 Finished spools shall be stored such that the pipes and fittings will not be damaged and
in such a manner as to prevent rain and/or debris build-ups. They shall be stored clear of the
ground and preferably separate from the application site, identified by identification plates.
The storage position shall be such that spools can be readily identified and moved.
6.10 Appropriate lifting arrangements shall be used so as not to damage the spools. Small
diameter spools in particular require special caution.
7 ERECTION
7.1 General
7.1.1 All piping must conform to the tolerances recommended in item 4.12 unless cold
spring is specified, in which case a specific procedure is required.
7.1.2 The nuts and bolts used in erection shall be specified in the design documentation and
shall be positively identified.
7.1.3 Valves shall be correctly mounted observing their identification and direction of flow;
actuators shall be placed as specified in the drawings and in such a manner as to facilitate
operation.
7.1.4 Safety, relief and control valves must be duly calibrated and accompanied by their
respective certificates and rupture disks. Safety, relief and control valves shall only be
installed after the piping has been cleaned. For fit-up and hydrostatic testing, flange spools,
blind flanges or flange inserts shall be used.
7.1.5 The general condition of the spools coming from fabrication shall be inspected for
damage during transport before erection.
25
7.1.6 Misalignment of pipe ends shall conform to a qualified welding procedure.
7.1.7 Field-fabricated pipes and fittings or connections between pipes that have dimensional
variations beyond the tolerance limits, particularly as concerns diameter, shall be previously
verified to support adjustment in accordance with the design standard specified in the
code ASME scope guidelines provided in Figure 1 of PETROBRAS standard N-1673.
7.1.8 The use of field-fabricated fittings, such as miter bends, branch connections and
reducers, shall only be permitted when specified in the drawings.
7.1.8.1 All welds in field-fabricated fittings shall be examined using the examination methods
specified for the piping (see ANNEX A of this Standard).
7.1.8.2 Saddle cut and bevel details for welded branch connections are provided in
FIGURES 2 and 3 of this Standard and Figure A-4 of PETROBRAS standard N-505, as
applicable.
26
45°
MIN.
A s
g
DETAIL A
B
45°
MIN.
FIGURE 2.1 - Different Diameters
DETAIL B
h 45°
MIN.
g
A
C
DETAIL C
60°
g
MIN.
FIGURE 2.2 - Equal Diameters
WHERE:
DETAIL D
s = 1.5 mm ± 0.8 mm
g = 2.5 mm ± 0.8 mm
h = MAXIMUM STILL ALLOWING INTERN VISUAL INSPECTION OF RIG ROOT.
FIGURE 2 - PENETRATING BELL MOUTH
27
FIGURE 3.1 - Different Diameters
h
A
FIGURE 3.2 - Equal Diameters
WHERE:
h = MAXIMUM STILL ALLOWING INTERN VISUAL INSPECTION OF WELDING ROOT.
FIGURE 3 - OVERLAP BELL MOUTHED
28
°
50 s
g
g
50°
DETAIL A
°
80
DETAIL B
s = 1.5 mm ± 0.8 mm
DETAIL C g = 2.5 mm ± 0.8 mm
WHERE:
s = 1.5 mm ± 0.8 mm.
g = IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE WELDING PROCEDURE.
FIGURE 3.3 - FIGURES 3.1 and 3.2 Sections A and B Details
FIGURE 3 - OVERLAP BELL MOUTHER
29
7.1.8.3 Welding and inspection of branch connections shall be done following the procedure
below:
a) reinforcement pads, if required, shall only be installed after the weld between
the run and branch has been satisfactorily examined:
- reinforcement pads shall have a 1/4” NPT threaded hole for pneumatic tests
and degassing;
- the hole shall be filled with grease after testing;
b) the maximum length of the branch shall be such that the penetration of the root
pass weld between the run pipe and the branch can be visually examined;
c) minimum length shall conform to paragraph 6.1.6 of this Standard;
d) the root pass shall be visually inspected, including as concerns penetration, but
this interruption shall not hinder the welding procedure;
e) after welding the two pipes together, examination shall be conducted according
to the inspection class applicable to the piping system (see ANNEX A of this
Standard);
f) when the steps above have been satisfactorily completed, the reinforcement
pad (when required) shall be fitted, observing the minimum dimensions for fillet
welds provided in the design standard defined based on the codes ASME
scope guidelines provided in Figure 1 of PETROBRAS standard N-1673.
7.1.8.4 Miter bends shall conform to the applicable design standard.
7.1.9 Correction of pipe axis misalignment no greater than 20 mm may be done by localized
heating using a multi-flame heating tip, provided the requirements defined in items 7.1.9.1 to
7.1.9.5 are met.
7.1.9.1 Maximum temperature shall be controlled by appropriate means and limited

to 600 °C.
7.1.9.2 If hammering is used, an intermediate metal plate should be used to protect the
piece from direct hammering action.
7.1.9.3 Magnetic particle or liquid penetrant examination shall be performed in the heated
area after correcting the misalignment.
7.1.9.4 For materials the P-numbers of which are not covered by the applicable design
standard, this method may only be employed with permission from the PETROBRAS
representative. In these cases, or when required by the applicable design standard, the
hardness of the heated areas must be measured. The results must be within the limits
allowed by the applicable design standard; otherwise heat treatment in accordance with
Chapter 10 of this Standard shall be required.
7.1.9.5 Correcting misalignment through localized heating may not be done:
a) when the pipe or fitting material requires impact testing;

b) on piping for H2S, H2, NaOH, HF, monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine
and ASME code B31.3 category M service;
c) on stainless steel or nickel alloy pipes;
30
d) on normalized or quenched and tempered materials.
7.1.10 Where practicable, tack welds directly in the bevel shall be employed; otherwise,
fit-up aids capable of contracting the welds transversely shall be used, especially on alloy
steels, to minimize the possibility of cracking in the root pass.
7.1.11 When “bridge attachments” are used, the requirements provided in items 7.1.11.1 to
7.1.11.3 must be met.
7.1.11.1 The bridge attachment must be no thicker than the thickest of the following: half the
thickness of the pipe, or 5 mm.
7.1.11.2 Bridge attachments shall be made of a material that is similar to the pipe material
(same P-number). If this is not possible, the area that comes in contact with the pipe must be
covered with a metal the chemical composition of which is compatible with that of the pipe.
The thickness of this covering must be the same or greater than the height of the tack welds.
7.1.11.3 Bridge pieces shall be mounted at a 30° angle from the centerline of the pipe and
welded alternately as shown in FIGURE 4.
30°
FIGURE 4 - BRIDGE ATTACHMENT POSITIONING
7.1.12 When spacer insert-type fit-up aids are used, the requirements provided in items
7.1.12.1 to 7.1.12.3 must be met.
7.1.12.1 Spacer inserts must be used only on pipes 12.5 mm-thick or thicker.
7.1.12.2 Spacer inserts shall be such that the point of contact is in the middle of the bevel,
as shown in FIGURE 5.
31
BUNG HOLE
WELDING POINT WELDING POINT
1/3
1/3
CONTACT
REGION 1/3
CONTACT POINT
A A SECTION
FIGURE 5 - SPACER INSERT
7.1.12.3 Spacer insert fit-up aids shall be made of carbon steel and their use is restricted to
carbon steel base materials (“P-number” 1) that do not require preheating.
7.1.13 The number of fit-up aids or direct tack welds shall be no more than:
a) 3, for pipe diameters of up to 4”;

b) 4, for pipe diameters greater than 4”, up to14”;
c) 5, for pipe diameters greater than 14”, up to 24”;
d) for pipe diameters greater than 24”, fit-up aids shall be spaced 300 mm apart.
7.1.14 Fit-up aids, tack welds and other temporary welds shall conform to the requirements
established in PETROBRAS standard N-133.
7.2 Metal Supports and Restraints - PETROBRAS Standard N-1758
7.2.1 During erection, temporary supports must be provided to ensure that the line will not
sustain excessive stress or transmit stresses to the equipment beyond design limits. Piping
supports shall be welded in accordance with qualified procedures.
7.2.2 For lines that require heat treatment, the welds between the supports and the pipe
shall be heat treated in accordance with the applicable design standard.
7.2.3 Anchoring shall be performed after completing the fitting, alignment and leveling work
and before pressure testing.
7.2.4 Piping systems shall be anchored at the locations specified in the drawings; temporary
welds on sliding supports must be removed.
32
7.2.5 Supports used on lines subject to thermal expansion may be fitted in a centered or
non-centered position in relation to the centerline of the support, as specified in the drawings.
7.2.6 Spring hangers and expansion joints shall remain restrained until the system has been
pressure-tested and flushed.
7.2.7 Pipe supports near the nozzles of rotary equipment or the bottom nozzles of boiler
equipment shall be adjustable as established in PETROBRAS standard N-57.
7.3 Flanges
7.3.1 Flange facings shall be protected against mechanical damage as described in item
5.4.6 and after removing this protection they shall be thoroughly examined.
7.3.2 Unless specified otherwise, flanges are fitted to the pipe such that the bolt holes
straddle the vertical or horizontal centerlines.
7.3.3 Slip-on flanges shall be welded from the inside and from the outside of the pipe and
such that the distance between the end of the pipe and the face of the flange is equal to the
thickness of the pipe wall plus 3 mm. The inner weld shall be made in such a manner that the
face of the flange will not require machining.
7.3.4 Orifice flanges shall be fitted with their taps oriented in accordance with
7.3.5 The inner welds between pipes and orifice flanges shall be ground flush with the pipe.
In the case of existing lines, the assembly sequence should make it possible to grind the
welds flush, especially the internal welds of the flanges that are upstream from the orifice
plates.
7.3.6 Steel flanges coupled to cast iron flanges shall be fitted carefully to avoid damaging
the cast iron flanges. For these arrangements, full-face gaskets shall be used.
7.3.7 Raised face flanges may not be coupled to flat face flanges. Likewise, flange insert
faces shall be compatible with the faces of the flanges between which they are inserted.
7.3.8 Flange bolt holes shall align effortlessly and without inserting any material between the
flanges other than the gaskets and flange inserts specified in the drawings. Flange bolts shall
slide through the holes effortlessly after the line has been welded. Flange inserts shall be in
compliance with PETROBRAS standard N-120.
7.3.9 Flange bolts shall be tightened evenly and to the specified torque values. Bolts shall
be tightened in stages working in a crisscross pattern. Wrench extensions may not be used
to tighten flange bolts.
33
7.3.10 When a particular torque value is specified in the drawings, it shall be achieved using
a torque wrench or by measuring the amount of stretch in the bolt.
7.4 Valves
7.4.1 Valve flanges, bevels or threads shall be given the care described in the relevant items
of this Standard (see Chapter 5).
7.4.2 All valves, except ball valves and plug valves, shall be transported, stored and fitted in
the closed position. Welded valves shall, however, be open during welding.
7.4.3 Valves containing elements that may be destroyed by heat, such as small-diameter
ball valves, shall be stripped of these elements before they are welded and heat treated,
unless they are provided with extensions for welding.
7.4.4 Valves shall be fitted clean, dry and greased. The parts requiring protection are the
trim components and the stem; however it is not necessary to disassemble the valve for
protection.
7.5 Gaskets and Bolts
7.5.1 The final gaskets of flanged connections shall be in accordance with the material
specifications defined the piping design documentation.
7.5.2 For hydrostatic testing, all gaskets subject to test pressure, including temporary
gaskets, shall be in accordance with the material specifications defined the piping design
documentation.
7.5.3 Whenever temporary gaskets are used, the flanged connections in which they are
used shall be clearly marked.
7.5.4 All gaskets shall be installed clean, with no grooving, scratching, dents or visible
deformation.
7.5.5 Bolts and nuts must be lubricated prior to being fitted, except stainless steel bolts and
nuts or when there are technical restrictions.
7.5.6 Bolts and studs should extend completely through their nuts. In the case of studs, the
trailing faces of the nuts shall be at an equal distance from the tips of the stud on each side,
with at least one thread projecting past the trailing face of each nut, but no more than half the
extension of the nut. Bolts that have already been tightened shall be identified during final
assembly.
34
7.5.7 Under no circumstances may any nut be tack-welded to a bolt or any other part.
7.6 Threaded Connections
7.6.1 When making up threaded connections, the threads shall be as described in item
4.9.2. Threads with dents or corrosion to such a degree that the tightness of the threaded
connection will be compromised must be rejected. In this case, the threaded end must be
removed and a new thread must be cut immediately before assembly.
7.6.2 When threads are cut in the field they must conform to the applicable specification and
be checked with a thread gauge soon after they are cut.
7.6.3 After cutting a thread, if the threaded connection cannot be made up immediately, the
exposed surface must be protected from corrosion and damage as recommended in item
5.3.6.
7.6.4 After screwing in the pipe, the threaded connection shall be protected as described in
item 7.6.4.1 and 7.6.4.2.
7.6.4.1 Pipes with external coatings: protect the exposed area with a coating similar to that
used on the pipe.
7.6.4.2 Galvanized pipe: apply 2 coats of a 2-pack, amide-cured, epoxy-zinc powder primer
in accordance with PETROBRAS standard N-1277, using a paintbrush, to a minimum
thickness of 35 μm per coat. The first coat should be applied immediately after the threaded
connection is made up. Drying time before the second coat can be applied usually ranges
from 18 h to 24 h.
7.6.5 If a thread sealant is used, it shall conform to the applicable specifications. Red lead
putty, oakum and plumber’s twine shall not be used.
7.6.6 The thread sealant applied shall be capable of withstanding the line’s maximum
working temperature, including when steam purge is permitted.
7.6.7 Before applying a thread sealant, the thread must be checked to ensure that is clean,
free of burrs, shavings and other residue.
7.6.8 Threaded connections shall be made up using appropriate tools; extensions are not
allowed.
7.6.9 Seal welds may be applied to threaded connections when specified in the drawings.
Seal welds must cover the entire exposed thread.
35
7.6.9.1 When seal welding is employed, thread sealants shall not be used.
7.6.9.2 Seal welding is not allowed on galvanized pipe.
7.7 Expansion Joints
7.7.1 Expansion joints shall be fitted such that they are not subjected to any stresses for
which they are not designed, such as forced alignment.
7.7.2 Fitted expansion joints shall be protected and kept restrained and supported until
hydrostatic testing has been completed.
7.7.3 The corrugated surfaces of expansion joints shall be protected by wooden boards after
they are fitted. This protection shall be removed before system operation begins.
7.8 Steam Traps
7.8.1 Steam traps shall be fitted in accordance with PETROBRAS standard N-116.
7.8.2 Steam traps shall be fitted observing the direction of flow and after the piping has been
cleaned.
7.8.3 When steam traps discharge into the atmosphere, they shall be prevented from
discharging onto people, equipment, structures and other lines.
7.9 Steam Tracing Lines
7.9.1 The installation details of steam tracing lines and their geometrical arrangement in
relation to the main line shall be in accordance with the design documentation and
7.9.2 The anchors and guides of steam tracing lines shall be welded to the main line before
both lines are pressure tested and following a qualified work procedure.
7.9.3 Steam tracing lines shall only be fastened to the main line after the joints of the main
line have been welded and examined.
7.9.4 Steam tracing lines shall be fastened in accordance with PETROBRAS standard
N-42.
36
7.9.5 Steam tracing lines adjacent to flanges and valves on the main line shall be fitted in
accordance with the requirements contained in PETROBRAS standard N-42.
7.9.6 The supply lines of steam tracing lines (steam and condensate) shall be provided with
vents at all high points and drains at all low points not fitted with traps, even when this is not
specified in the design documentation.
7.10 Underground Piping
7.10.1 All underground piping shall be coated as specified in the design documentation. The
recommendations contained in PETROBRAS standard N-464, concerning preservation of
underground pipe coatings and how the trenches are to be dug and filled, shall be observed.
7.10.2 All welded joints shall be pressure-tested before being coated.
7.10.3 After the piping has been coated, the trench shall be refilled with appropriate material,
free of loose stones, roots, electrode remains or other materials that could damage the
coating.
7.10.4 The trench filling material should be compacted to prevent future deformation.
7.10.5 When compacting the filling material, the pipe must be properly supported to prevent
excessive deformation or strain caused by the compacting itself.
8 WELDING
8.1 Welding activities shall be conducted in accordance with PETROBRAS standard N-133.
8.2 Weld bevels and edges shall be machined or ground. For P-numbers 1, 3 and 4,
oxycutting is acceptable, provided this is specified in the welding procedure.
8.3 Pipes and fittings shall be visually examined for deformation at the ends and rolling
defects before welding. The defective parts of pipes shall be removed and the ends repaired.
8.4 Tack welds may be incorporated in the final welds or removed if the TIG process is
used. If tack welds are incorporated in the final welds, they shall be visually inspected for
proper penetration in accordance with PETROBRAS standard N-1597 and shall be free of
any defects. In the case of pipe spools transported with components held together only by
tack welds, this examination shall be conducted in the field immediately before welding.
8.5 Copper deposits are not allowed on welds, bevels, pipes and fittings. Welding leads and
ground connections shall be so arranged as to prevent sparking.
37
8.6 Welding must not be interrupted until at least the second weld layer has been
completed.
8.7 For socket weld joints, a gap of about 1.5 mm must be established between the pipe and
the fitting (see FIGURE 6) before welding begins.
1.5 mm APPROXIMATELY BEFORE WELDING
C=1.25e mm (MIN.=3.2 mm)
FIGURE 6 - GAP FOR SOCKET WELD CONNECTION
8.8 Excessive penetration shall not exceed the values established in the applicable design
standards, and shall be removed whenever practical. For piping to be used in HF, H2, H2S,
NaOH, MEA, DEA or ASME code B31.3 Category M service, excessive penetration shall not
exceed 1.5 mm.
8.9 For ASME code B31.3 Category M fluids, neither fixed nor removable backing
rings/strips nor consumable inserts may be used for butt joints.
9 INSPECTION
9.1 Before conducting any non-destructive examination, all welded joints of the section
released for examination shall be visually examined to ensure that the state of the surface is
suitable fort the examination to be conducted and free of surface defects.
9.2 Welds shall be examined using the type and extent of examination specified in
ANNEX A of this Standard. Any required repairs shall be performed and re-examined before
pressure testing is carried out.
9.3 Acceptance criteria for the findings of weld examinations shall be as established in the
applicable design standard.
9.4 For systems for which examination of samples is specified, if a weld is rejected, the
penalty shall be as specified in the applicable standard.
38
9.5 Non-destructive examination shall be performed in accordance with item 4.3 and the
applicable design standards.
9.6 When correcting any weld defects detected by radiographic or ultrasonic examination,
the procedure described in items 9.6.1 and 9.6.2 shall be followed.
9.6.1 A radiographic examination template or ultrasonic examination sketch shall be

prepared showing the defect and the exact position of the defect shall be marked on the
welded joint.
9.6.2 The filler metal shall be removed entirely or until the defect is found. At his point, the
defect must be delimited by supplementary examination and removed, avoiding unnecessary
removal of material. After removing the defect, a liquid penetrant or magnetic particle
inspection shall be conducted in accordance with PETROBRAS standards N-1596 or
N-1598, to demonstrate that the defect has been effectively removed.
9.7 After performing heat treatment or when required by the design documentation,
hardness shall be measured as defined in items 9.7.1 to 9.7.7.
9.7.1 When spools are furnace heat treated, 10 % of the joints in each furnace heat treated
batch shall be tested for hardness. These samples shall include the thickest joints.
9.7.2 When local heat treatment is applied, all joints shall be tested for hardness.
9.7.3 Hardness tests shall be conducted using portable systems such as: “Telebrineller”,
“Poldi”, “Equotip” and “Microdur”.
9.7.4 Standard bars shall preferably have a conversion factor no greater than 1.
9.7.5 The hardness of a welded joint shall be measured as close as practicable to the junction
between the fused zone and the heat affected zone, in accordance with the applicable design
standard. When dissimilar materials are welded together, both heat affected zones shall be
examined. For welded joints that are unable to be tested for hardness, a specific procedure
shall be qualified for field measurement that is compatible with the laboratory measurement
method (microhardness) used in qualifying the welding procedure.
9.7.6 Maximum permissible hardness values shall be those specified in the applicable
design standard, except when specified otherwise in the design documentation.
9.7.7 Joints whose measured hardness values exceed maximum values shall be heat
treated a second time in accordance with the welding procedure.
9.8 The reinforcing pads of welded branch connections shall be pneumatically tested in
accordance with PETROBRAS standard N-1593 using a test pressure of 0.07 MPa to
0.1 MPa (0.7 kgf/cm2 a 1.0 kgf/cm2). The test holes should not be plugged after the test, but
shall be filled with grease to prevent corrosion.
39
9.9 Before pressure testing any piping system, all the lines of the piping system shall be
visually inspected with respect to at least the following:
a) conformity to the design documentation/drawings;

b) outer finish (no weld spatter, electrode slag, and other defects); if there are arc
strikes or temporary welds, visual inspection shall be conducted in accordance
with PETROBRAS standard N-1597, supplemented by liquid penetrant or
magnetic particle inspection in accordance with PETROBRAS standards
N-1596 or N-1598;
c) points where anchors or heat tracing line guides are welded to the main line;
d) support welds (no defects on main line).
10 HEAT TREATMENT
10.1 Cr-Mo steel spools that are heat treated may not be moved from the time welding is
completed until then time heat treatment is carried out, unless afterheating has been
performed.
10.2 Heat treatment methods may be furnaces, electric induction or electric resistance.
Exothermic materials may not be used.
10.3 Before heat treatment the pipes must be plugged to prevent air currents, and the faces
of any flanges to be heated shall be protected against accelerated oxidation caused by the
increase in temperature. The piping must also be properly supported to prevent harmful
stresses in the heated areas. Any valves involved shall be permanently open.
10.4 The thermocouples and temperature measurement and control systems employed
during heat treatment shall be previously calibrated.
10.5 Heating and cooling rates, threshold temperature and time shall be in accordance with
the prescriptions contained in the applicable design standard.
40
TTAT
T TEMPERATURE
T
2
THERMAL ISOLATION ENVIRONMENT
TEMPERATURE
t
2.5 R.t HEATING RANGE
WIDTH
5 R.t
THERMAL ISOLATION
RANGE WIDTH
WELDING CORD 6.t HEATING BAND WIDTH
WIDTH TO THE TTAT TEMPERATURE
FIGURE 7.1 - Circumferential Weldings
THERMAL ISOLATION RANGE WIDTH

RANGE WIDTH FROM HEATING TO
TTAT TEMPERATURE
R
5 R.t 6.t
THERMAL ISOLATION
6.t
RANGE WIDTH FROM HEATING
TO TTAT TEMPERATURE
5 R.t
THERMAL INSULATION
RANGE WIDTH
FIGURE 7.2 - Branch Weldings
FIGURE 7 - HEATED REGION AND THERMAL ISOLATION DIMENSIONS
41
10.6 For local heat treatment, the area to be heated, the area to be insulated and the
temperature gradient shall be in accordance with the minimum indications contained in
FIGURE 7.
10.7 Temperature shall be measured by thermocouples located adjacent to the joints; when
parts with different thicknesses are welded, thermocouples shall be installed on both parts.
10.8 The thermocouples shall be welded at a distance form the weld edge equal to the
thickness of the pipe or fitting, following a qualified welding procedure. After removing the
thermocouples the areas must be inspected using the liquid penetrant or magnetic particle
methods.
10.8.1 When electric resistance heating is used, the thermocouples shall be properly
protected from this source of heat through appropriate insulation.
10.8.2 When a part is furnace heat treated, a thermocouple must be attached to the part.
10.9 The number of thermocouples shall be proportional to the size of the joint and the type
of equipment; there shall be at least one thermocouple for every meter of joint circumference
or additional fraction thereof and at least one thermocouple for every resistance panel.
10.10 When heat treatment is applied to pipes in the horizontal position, there shall always
be a thermocouple located at the bottom of the pipe and for pipes measuring 14” in diameter
there shall also be a thermocouple at the top of the pipe.
11 PRESSURE TESTING
11.1 Pre-Test Procedures
11.1.1 Before pressure testing is carried out, a Preliminary Risk Analysis (APR) shall be
conducted to determine the safety measures required, especially where piping system failure
may cause personal injuries or damage to adjacent installations. Pneumatic testing is
acceptable for instrument air lines and service air lines; however, in all other cases,
pneumatic testing may only be conducted with permission from PETROBRAS and following
a specific, pre-approved procedure.
11.1.2 Pressure testing shall preferably be performed on entire piping systems, rather than
on individual lines. Breaking continuity by installing paddle blinds for pressure testing shall be
reduced to a minimum; all lines and equipment that can be subject to the same test pressure
should be tested together.
11.1.3 If the system extends beyond the building limits and there are no flanges, threaded
connections, welded connections or block valves at these limits, the test shall be applied to
the nearest blanking/blocking device. For sections that are not tested, item 11.1.22 of this
Standard shall be followed.
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11.1.4 Certain equipment, such as vessels, heat exchangers, separators, filters, pumps,
turbines or any other equipment installed in the line, which have already been tested and
which will not hinder the pressure test, may be re-tested simultaneously with the piping
system to which they are connected. Special attention must be given to the possibility that
the test may cause underlying non-conformities in the equipment to be propagated. Test
pressure at any particular point may not exceed the test pressure allowed for the equipment,
and shall conform to the design standard for the piping system in question.
11.1.5 Before testing, the following equipment and accessories shall be removed: steam
traps, in-line separators, instruments (including control valves), pneumatic controllers and all
flow-limiting devices (such as orifice plates). Rupture discs, safety valves and relief valves
shall be isolated from the system or removed. All removed parts shall be replaced by
temporary parts if necessary.
11.1.6 Temporary filters shall be installed in accordance with item 4.23.
11.1.7 For piping systems that have steam tracing lines, these shall be tested, preferably
with steam, to ensure tightness, flexibility and that steam will flow to all points of the system.
11.1.8 At the limits of the test system, the test fluid shall be blanked off by a blind flange,
paddle blind, plug or blocking plate. Blanking/blocking devices shall be placed at the points
specified in the drawings. Paddle blinds shall be selected in accordance with
PETROBRAS standard N-120. Blocking plates (see item 3.2) shall be selected in
accordance with the details provided in ASME code Section VIII - Division 1.
11.1.9 Connections existing at the limits of the system and at the inlets of equipment shall
be verified during commissioning.
11.1.10 All valves, except those mentioned in item 11.1.5, shall be subjected to test
pressure, including block valves situated at the limits of the system, which must be
paddle-blinded at the downstream flange. During pressure testing the connection between
the valve and the line, the valve body and the packing are tested.
11.1.11 Check valves shall be pressurized in the opening direction; where this is not
possible, the closing element must be latched in the open position. All other valves shall be
kept fully open during testing.
11.1.12 Where expansion joints are the weakest link in the system in terms of pressure
resistance, they shall be isolated or replaced by temporary spools. When subjected to test
pressure, expansion joints shall be temporarily restrained and supported to prevent
excessive distension and buckling of the bellows.
11.1.13 All structural parts (such as supports, hangers, guides, stops and anchors) shall be
connected to the piping system before pressure testing.
43
11.1.14 The entire piping support system shall be inspected to evaluate the behavior of the
piping system when subjected to the test fluid, which is frequently heavier than the fluid that
will normally circulate through the system, and places a greater load on the supports.
11.1.15 Piping systems designed for steam or gas that are tested with water generally
require additional temporary supports. Determination of whether additional supports are
required shall be part of the APR described in item 11.1.1.
11.1.16 Spring hangers or counterweight hangers shall be latched for testing.
11.1.17 At least 2 pressure gauges shall be installed, one at the highest point and one at the
lowest point of the system.
11.1.18 The pressure gages used shall:

i) be suitable for the test pressure, such that the pressure reading will be situated between
1/3 and 2/3 of the scale;
ii) measure at least 75 mm in diameter;
iii) have divisions no greater than 5 % of the test pressure
iv) be in perfect condition, tested and calibrated every 3 months.
11.1.19 For new piping systems, all joints, including welded, flanged and threaded joints,
shall be left uninsulated and exposed for examination during testing, except that coatings per
ASME code B31.3 are allowed. The same applies to the joints of piping systems in service
that have been repaired or modified. The joints of underground piping systems shall be
exposed, except concrete-enclosed joints that have been previously tested in accordance
with this Standard. All underground piping, when exposed, must be suitably supported during
testing.
11.1.20 The pressure classes of pressure testing devices shall be the same or greater than
the pressure class of the line being tested and shall be in compliance with
ASME code B31.3. Threaded or socket-welded connections shall meet the thickness and
class equivalence criteria provided in ASME code B16.11. For inspection purposes, these
devices fall under classes I, II or III of TABLE A-1 of this Standard. These requirements also
apply to temporary devices used during testing.
11.1.21 Gaskets used during hydrostatic testing shall conform to the requirements provided
in paragraph 7.5.4 of this Standard.
11.1.22 Where hydrostatic testing is impracticable, the alternative test methods described in
the applicable design standards shall be used. Any exemption from pressure testing must be
based on sound grounds presented by the erector and approved by PETROBRAS.
44
11.2 Test Temperature
11.2.1 The minimum test temperature (see item 3.14) for pressure testing is 10 °C, and the
maximum test temperature for hydrostatic testing is 50 ºC. When equipment is tested
together with the piping system the minimum temperature specified for the equipment’s test
fluid in PETROBRAS standard N-269 shall be observed.
11.2.2 When test temperature is less than 10 °C, one of the alternatives described in items
11.2.2.1 and 11.2.2.2 shall be selected.
11.2.2.1 The test fluid shall be heated to no more than 40 °C.
11.2.2.2 A “Charpy V” impact test shall be used to determine whether the piping and weld
materials have ductile behavior at the test temperature.
11.3 Test Fluid
11.3.1 Unless indicated otherwise in the design documentation, the test fluid shall be
freshwater with chloride content no greater than 50 ppm, demonstrated by an analysis
certificate. The water shall be clean, non-aggressive to the pipe and valve trims and free of
hydrocarbons. Whenever necessary, corrosion inhibitors and bactericides shall be added to
the water, with due consideration given to the location of disposal.
11.3.2 Alternative test fluids, such as saltwater, hydrocarbons, inert gas or air may be used
when the use of freshwater as described in item 11.3.1 is impracticable. These or other
alternatives, however, shall only be allowed upon approval of the APR and with permission
from PETROBRAS.
11.3.3 If hydrocarbons are used as a test fluid, the requirements defined in items 11.3.3.1 to
11.3.3.4 shall be met.
11.3.3.1 Before beginning the test, a preliminary test using air or inert gas at a pressure no
greater than 0.15 MPa (1.5 kgf/cm2) shall be conducted to locate major defects.
11.3.3.2 The fluid’s flash point shall be the highest of:
a) 0 °C;
b) test temperature plus 10 °C;
c) ambient temperature plus 10 ºC.
11.3.3.3 The fluid’s freezing point shall be no higher than test temperature minus 25 °C.
11.3.3.4 If the need for repairs is detected by the test, special attention shall be given to the
degassing and inertization of the line before the repairs begin.
45
11.4 Test Pressure
11.4.1 Test pressure shall be as specified in the design documentation. If not specified, the
test pressure shall be calculated in accordance with the applicable design standard.
11.4.2 Where the hydrostatic head will cause the test pressure to exceed the maximum
permissible pressure for a given component, either this component shall be removed or the
test pressure shall be reduced accordingly.
11.4.3 Systems that are not pressurized or that operate at an internal pressure of 0.02 MPa
(0.2 kgf/cm2) for drainage or non-critical services may be tested by being filled with water for
a period of 24 hours to check for leaks, without applying pressure.
11.5 Applying Pressure, Finding Leaks and Final Testing
11.5.1 Hydrostatic testing shall follow the steps below:
a) raise the pressure to 50 % of test pressure;

b) perform preliminary inspection;
c) raise the pressure to hydrostatic test pressure and once the pressure has
stabilized, disconnect the pump from the system being tested;
d) remain at this threshold for at least 30 minutes and, for safety reasons, do not
inspect the piping at this pressure; all personnel and equipment must be kept in
a safe location;
e) reduce the pressure to design pressure and inspect;
f) gradually bring the pressure down to atmospheric pressure and open the vents
at the high points of the piping system to avoid there being a vacuum when
emptying the system.
Notes: 1) If a leak is detected at any stage of the test, the piping system must be
depressurized, the leak corrected and the test reinitiated.
2) When pressurizing or depressurizing the system, the maximum rate of pressure
variation shall be 20 % of test pressure per minute.
3) When pressuring the system, and while the system is at 100% test pressure, all
personnel must be kept clear, at a safe location.
11.5.2 When the piping and equipment are filled with the test liquid, their vent valves shall
be completely open. When there are no vent valves at high points, temporary valves shall be
installed to ensure that the air is completely removed.
11.5.3 When it is necessary to maintain the test pressure for a period of time during which
the fluid used may sustain thermal expansion due to solar radiation, precautions must be
taken to relieve the resulting excess pressure.
11.5.4 Hammering pipes during pressure testing is not allowed.
46
11.5.5 Pneumatic testing shall be conducted in accordance with the requirements

established in item 11.1, 11.2, 11.4 and 11.5.4 above, and following the steps below:
a) initially 0.1 MPa (1 kgf/cm2) shall be applied and the entire system examined
with a bubble-forming solution, per PETROBRAS standard N-1593;
b) pressure shall be raised to test pressure in increments no greater than 0.1 MPa
(1 kgf/cm2) for every 10 minutes;
c) when test pressure has been achieved, it should be maintained for 15 minutes
with no pressure drop observed on the pressure gauge;
d) examination with a bubble forming solution, per PETROBRAS standard N-1593,
shall be conducted with the pressure reduced to 91 % of test pressure (design
pressure);
e) the pressure should then be gradually reduced to atmospheric pressure.
Note: When pressuring the system, and while the system is at 100 % test pressure, all
personnel must be kept clear, at a safe location.
11.5.6 If defects are detected during pressure testing, the system shall be depressurized,
drained, and the location of the defect shall be dried before repairs are made. For vertical
lines it is acceptable to reduce the level of the liquid to below the location where the repair is
to made, provided this is approved by PETROBRAS, except in the case described in item
11.3.3.4. All repaired lines shall be retested.
11.5.7 Before filling (or emptying) the system, the vents shall be opened to prevent the
formation of air bubbles (or vacuum) within the piping system.
11.5.8 After performing the test and removing the blanking devices, the tested piping system
shall be marked as “tested” in a readily visible location.
11.5.9 After testing, the exposed connections shall be protected (coating/insulation/lining).
11.5.10 All elements and accessories removed for testing shall be replaced and the
restraints of the expansion joints, check valves, spring hangers and other auxiliary testing
devices shall be removed.
11.5.11 The trenches dug for running underground lines may only be refilled after the lines
have been pressure tested and coated.
11.6 Testing Piping During Maintenance
11.6.1 During pipe maintenance activities, pressure testing shall only be required when
changes, reclassification or repairs are made.
47
11.6.2 Exemption from pressure testing as described in item 11.1.22 shall be made
considering the risks involved and observing the requirements specified in the applicable
design standard (according to the ASME applicability table provided in Figure 1 of
PETROBRAS standard N-1673) and in ANNEX A of this Standard for the relevant inspection
class.
11.6.3 For exemption from pressure testing, in lieu of the requirements contained in the
applicable design standard, the test requirements established in API standard 570 may be
followed. [Recommended Practice]
11.6.4 Piping systems that fall under inspection class I are not required to be pressure
tested; instead, the non-destructive examination methods indicated in TABLE A-2 of
ANNEX A shall be used. Additionally, the tightness of the system shall be verified when
normal operating conditions are established.
12 PRE-COMMISSIONING
12.1 Final Checks
12.1.1 Valves shall be re-packed in the following cases:
a) when the use of special packings (different from those provided in the valve) is
specified by the designer;
b) due to improper storage or preservation for long periods time or because of
operating conditions.
12.1.2 The piping system shall be inspected to ensure that cleaning has been conducted in
accordance with item 12.2.
12.1.3 Pipe connections that are intended to be electrically insulated shall be inspected to
ensure that their insulating elements (gaskets, bushings and rings) are correctly identified
and located in the installation.
12.1.4 An inspection shall be conducted to ensure that all temporary gaskets have been
replaced by the permanent gaskets specified in the design documentation.
12.2 Cleaning Piping Systems
12.2.1 General
Before cleaning a piping system, a Preliminary Risk Analysis (APR) shall be conducted to
establish how the fluid will be introduced, disposed of and a contingency plan for the event of
failure or accidents. Piping system cleanout shall be performed in accordance with a cleaning
procedure that satisfies at least the following general requirements.
48
a) pipe cleaning shall be conducted (whenever practicable on entire piping

assemblies or systems) to remove rust deposits, electrode tips, weld spatter,
slag, dust, burs and other foreign bodies from within the piping;
b) the cleaning system shall include all points inside the piping system, including
locations where there are drains and vents;
c) cleanout may be conducted using water, compressed air, steam, nitrogen,
chemical products (detergent solutions, inhibited acids and alkaline solutions),
or oil, with or without pigs, in accordance with the work procedure;
d) before cleaning is conducted, the following equipment and accessories must
have been removed:
- steam traps;
- paddle blinds;
- control valves;
- instruments;
- rupture discs;
- safety and relief valves;
- resilient seat valves; and
- all flow-limiting components, such as orifice plates;
e) all accessories removed shall be cleaned separately and, when necessary,
replaced by flange spools;
f) vents and drains shall be opened;
g) all valves shall be fully open;
h) when the cleaning fluid is supplied downstream of check valves, these check
valves shall be either removed or latched in the open position;
i) the suction pipes of compressors and their lubrication systems and
steam/turbine gas supply systems shall be cleaned internally to bare metal
using a mechanical or chemical process;
j) temporary lines shall be installed to supply and drain the cleaning fluid;
k) before cleaning begins, all valve trim materials and coating materials shall be
ensured to be compatible with the process;
l) valves may only be actuated after the line has been cleaned;
m) valves that are considered critical to proper operation may be removed to check
for particles deposited in their seats during the washing operation;
n) when a valve is actuated for the first time, this shall be done carefully to detect
any particles in the seat;
o) all equipment and accessories removed for the cleaning operation shall be
reinstalled in their proper positions;
p) preservation of such equipment and accessories shall be provided as required;
q) the cleaning procedure shall mention the precautions required in relation to
disposing the cleaning fluid into the environment;
r) the cleaning procedure shall establish effective criteria for accepting the
cleaning operation when the required quality has been achieved;
s) temporary filters shall be installed as described in item 4.23;
t) drying and inertization shall be conducted when required.
12.2.2 Water Flushing
a) before flushing a piping system with water, the design documentation must be
consulted to determine whether the lines are allowed to be filled with water and,
if so, whether and where temporary supports are required;
b) for stainless steel piping, cleaning may done with water provided the
halocarbon content is kept below 50 ppm at 25 °C;
c) spring hangers shall be restrained during cleaning;
49
d) the points at which the flush water is to be discharged must be selected so as

not to cause damage to the insulation and/or hinder other operations, such as
heat treatment.
12.2.3 Cleaning Instrument Air Systems
a) instrument air lines shall be cleaned with instrument air or inert gas;
b) cleaning with service air may be done only if this is allowed in the design
documentation.
12.2.4 Steam Blowing
a) before steam blowing is carried out, the design documentation shall be

consulted to ensure that steam blowing is allowed;
b) the flexibility and pressure class of temporary devices used for steam blowing
shall be compatible with the service conditions and in compliance with the
applicable design standard;
c) for new lines, before steam blowing is conducted , the system shall be flushed
in accordance with item 12.2.2;
d) valves and accessories containing resilient seals shall be removed from the
systems except when steam temperature is less than 180 °C;
e) the restraints of all spring hangers shall be removed and their cold positions
checked and recorded;
f) expansion joint restraints shall be removed;
g) silencers shall be installed;
h) test pieces shall be installed in accordance with API standard RP 686;
i) steam blowing shall be conducted in the intended direction of flow, at a
minimum flow rate of no less than the operating flow rate, beginning at the run
line and proceeding to branch lines;
j) the points of maximum line expansion shall be verified to ensure that there is no
interference with other lines and loss of support;
k) after refitting the equipment and accessories removed before flushing, the
piping system shack be pressurized with steam and the operation of each
individual steam trap shall be inspected;
l) when required, the piping system shall be filled with N2 or demineralized water;
in this case, all spring hanger support shall be restrained.
12.2.5 Chemical Cleaning
a) before chemical cleaning is conducted the piping system must be entirely

released from NDE and flushed with water per item 12.2.2;
b) a preliminary study of the process characteristics shall be conducted to support
the preparation of a chemical cleaning procedure covering the general
recommendations provided in item 12.2.1, as well as the following:
- specification of the line(s) to be cleaned on the flow charts;
- the types of deposits to be removed;
- the purpose cleaning operation based on operation characteristics;
- the pipe material specification;
- the cleaning method (such as fill and soak, mechanical circulation and vapor
phase);
- the injection, draining and venting points;
- auxiliary devices to be fabricated (such as flange spools);
- compatibility between cleaning solutions and piping system materials;
- final inspection points;
50
- discharge points, neutralization and disposal;

- accessories to be removed due to metallurgical incompatibility with the
cleaning solutions;
- the storage locations for the chemical products to be used;
- assessment of the suitability of the circulation speeds at the various points of
the piping system and the corrosion inhibitor’s efficiency;
- health, safety and environment issues involved in handling, transporting and
disposing of chemicals;
- inspection to detect low points in the system that cannot be drained;
- Preliminary Risk Analysis (APR);
- points where samples are to be taken to ensure that the cleaning operation
has been effective;
c) for acid solutions, the solution must be replaced whenever iron ion content
exceeds 0.4 %;
d) the concentration of acid solutions shall be monitored to determine whether it is
time to conclude the acid phase or change the solution.
12.2.6 Oil Flushing
a) for piping systems that require oil flushing, a filter shall be installed before the
services begin to collect debris inside the line and determine the degree of
removal throughout the process;
b) filter mesh shall be selected based on the characteristics of the equipment
connected to the piping system;
c) for this specific case, the piping shall be considered clean when the oil is within
the contamination tolerances accepted by the manufacturer of the equipment,
or, when no such tolerance levels are available, when no impurities are
deposited on the filter after circulating the oil for at least 6 h at a minimum
velocity of 3 m/s.
12.3 Drying
12.3.1 When necessary, the lines shall be dried following a qualified drying procedure and
the design requirements, so as not to compromise the product quality of the equipment when
placed into service.
12.3.2 Special attention shall be given to valves and their cavities.
13 DOCUMENTATION
13.1 Certificates of acceptance issued for piping assemblies shall contain, as a minimum,
the following information:
a) identification of the lines belonging to the assembly;

b) certificate of completion of erection issued for each piping assembly tested (see
item 13.2);
c) record of non-conformities detected during erection;
d) identification of coating certificates;
e) identification of test certificates (see item 13.3);
f) cleaning and commissioning record;
g) identification of thermal insulation certificates.
51
13.2 Certificates of completion of erection issued for each tested piping assembly shall
contain, as a minimum, the following information:
a) the lines belonging to the tested assembly and the test flowchart number;
b) the materials used (traceability to quality certificates);
c) the erection procedure used;
d) the welding procedures used;
e) the inspection record used (containing the numbers of the joints, welders, NDE
procedures and sample percentages);
f) heat treatment / test records / certificates;
g) cold spring records and certificates.
13.3 Test certificates shall contain, as a minimum, the following information:
a) test date;
b) piping assembly tested;
c) test flowchart, indicating the location and pressure gauges and the limits of the
system being tested;
d) test conditions (fluid, pressure and temperature);
e) the results of the test, with the corresponding test records;
f) the procedure used.
13.4 Heat treatment certificates shall contain, as a minimum, the following information:
a) date conducted;
b) identification of the treated lines, spools or joints;
c) heat treatment curve (temperature X time);
d) the results of hardness tests conducted after treatment;
e) heat treatment record.
13.5 Cold spring certificates shall contain, as a minimum, the following information:
a) date conducted;
b) line identification;
c) deformation applied;
d) line temperature;
e) acceptance of conformity to the design documentation;
f) procedure used.
14 ACCEPTANCE AND REJECTION
Piping systems shall be considered accepted if built, examined and tested satisfactorily in
accordance with the requirements prescribed in this Standard.
_____________
/ANNEX A
52
ANNEX A - EXAMINATION REQUIRED WHEN INSPECTING PIPING WELDS
A-1 OBJECTIVE
A-1.1 Define the type and extent of non-destructive examination to be performed on the
welds of piping systems built in accordance with this Standard.
A-1.2 Non-destructive examination shall be applied in accordance with PETROBRAS standards

N-1591 to N-1598 and the personnel in charge of performing examination shall be qualified in
accordance with PETROBRAS standard N-1590, ABNT standard NBR NM ISO 9712 and
ABNT standard NBR 14842.
A-2 INSPECTION CLASSES
A-2.1 Inspection classes shall be determined using TABLE A-1, based on the type of
material, the pressure class defined in ASME code B16.5 and line temperature, with the
exceptions specified in A-2.2.
TABLE A-1 - INSPECTION CLASSES (AS A FUNCTION OF PRESSURE CLASS)
Limitations Inspection Classes

Material P-Number IV
(See Note 1) I II III
(See Note 3)
1 500 to
Carbon Steel 1 T ≤ 430 °C Category D 150 2) to 900
2 500
C-1/2 Mo 1 500 to Category M
3 - - 150 to 900
1/2 Cr-1/2 Mo 2 500 or severe
1 to 2 Cr-Mo 4 cyclic
2 1/4 to 9 conditions or
5 high pressure
Cr-Mo
12 Cr (type 410) 6 service
- - 150 to 600 900 to 2 500 per ASME
12 Cr
7 code B31.3
(type 405)
Chapter IX
2 1/4 Ni 9A
or services
3 1/2 Ni 9B subject to
5 Ni 11A-SG2 hydrogen or
- - - 150 to 2 500
9 Ni 11A-SG1 stress
T < 430 °C 150 a 600 900 a 2 500 corrosion
Austenitic - or
Stainless Steel 8 T ≥ 430 °C - 150 a 2 500 compression
T < 400 °C facilities
150 a 600 - designed per
Nickel Alloys 41 a 45 -
T ≥ 400 °C - 150 a 2 500 ASME code
B31.8
Copper Alloys 31 a 35 - - 125 a 300 -
Notes: 1) Whenever impact testing is required when qualifying the welding procedure, the
line shall be included in inspection class IV.
2) For fluids not included in category D.
53
A-2.2 “Category D services”, “Category M services”, “severe cyclic conditions” and “high
pressure services” are defined in ASME code B31.3.
A-3 SAMPLING
A-3.1 When type1 examination (“random examination”) (see TABLE A-2) is specified, the full
circumference or full length of the specified percentage of joints in a given batch shall be
examined.
A-3.2 When type 2 examination (“spot examination”) (see TABLE A-2) is specified, a
section corresponding to the length of a film (as defined in PETROBRAS standard N-1595)
shall be examined on the specified percentage of joints in a given batch. The examined
section shall include any intersection with longitudinal joints, and at least 35mm of these
welds should appear on the film.
54
TABLE A-2 - TYPE AND EXTENT OF EXAMINATION FOR EACH TYPE OF WELD
Extent Required for each Type
Type of Examination Circumferential Branch Connection
Class “P-Number” Support Fillet Longitudinal
Required (see Notes 3 and Welds (see Notes 1,
(see Note 7) (see Note 2) (see Note 2)
9) 6 and 9)
I 1 Visual 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %
Visual 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %
Radiographic (see Note 5) 10 % type 1 - - - 100 %
1
Ultrasonic (see Note 13) - 10 % - - -
Magnetic particles (see Note 8) - 10 % type 1 - 10 % type 1 -
Visual 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %
3 Ultrasonic (see Note 13) - 10 % - - -
Hardness (see Note 4) 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %
II Visual 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %
4, 5, 6, 7
Magnetic particles
100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %
(see Note 8)
Visual 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %
8, 9A, 9B,
31-35
41-45 Ultrasonic (see Note 13) - 10 % - - -
Liquid penetrant (see Note 6) 100 % 100 % 10 % type 1 100 % 100 %
Visual 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %
Radiographic (see Note 5) 100 % (see Note 10) - - - 100 %
Magnetic particles (see Note 8) - 100 % 20 % type 1 100 % -
Visual 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %
100 % type 1
Radiographic (see Note 5) - - - 100 %
(see Note 10)
3, 4
Magnetic particles
100 % 100 % 20 % type 1 100 % -
(see Note 8)
III
Visual 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %
Radiographic (see Note 5) 100 % - - - 100 %
5, 6, 7
Magnetic particles
100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %
(see Note 8)
Visual 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %
8, 9A, 9B
11A-SG1,
11A-SG2, Ultrasonic (see Note 13) - 100 % - - -
41-45 Liquid penetrant
100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %
(see Note 6)
Visual 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %
Radiographic (see Notes 5
100 % - - - 100 %
and 12)
1
Magnetic particles
100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %
(see Note 8)
Hardness (see Notes 11, 14
100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %
and 15)
Visual 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %
100 % - - - 100 %
IV and 12)
3, 4, 5, 6, 7 Ultrasonic (see Note 13) - 100 % - - -
Magnetic particles (see Note 8) 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %
Hardness (see Notes 14 and
100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %
15)
Visual 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %
8, 9A, 9B Radiographic (see Notes 5
100 % - - - 100 %
11A-SG1, and 12)
100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %
(see Note 6)
55
Notes: 1) For the purposes of TABLE A-2, branch connection welds are deemed to
include:
a) welds between a run pipe and a reinforcing pad;

b) welds between a branch pipe and a reinforcement bad;
c) welds between a run pipe and a branch pipe;
d) welds between a run pipe an forgings such as sockolets, weldolets, and
threadolets, except when details that can be examined by radiographic
examination are used (extruded or integral weldolets) and in this cases the
welds shall be 100 % examined by radiographic examination.
2) Fillet welds include socket welds, seal welds (on threaded connections) and
slip-on flange welds.
3) Applicable only to welds joining pipes and fittings; welds made when fabricating
pipes and fittings shall conform to the fabrication standards for these
components (API or ASTM), except when indicated otherwise in the
corresponding standard pipe material specification, or in the contract.
4) Hardness examination shall be conducted as defined in item 9.7 of this
Standard. Welds that do not require heat treatment are exempted from this
examination.
5) When approved by PETROBRAS, ultrasonic examination may be used in lieu of
radiographic examination, provided the requirements contained in the
applicable design standard and the requirements of this Standard are met.
6) Liquid penetrant examination shall be conducted on the last weld layer.
7) Welds between the pipe surface and a supports.
8) When magnetic particle examination is impracticable, liquid penetrant
examination may be used to the same extent.
9) Visual examination shall be conducted after the root pass.
10) If all the conditions below are satisfied and no unacceptable defects are found,
the extent of radiographic examination may be 25 %:
a) TIG process used for the root pass;

b) Cancelled - Amendment 10/2008
c) wall thickness of “P-number” 1 pipes not greater than 1 1/4” (32 mm);
d) wall thickness of “ “P-number” 3 and 4 pipes not greater than 5/8” (16 mm).
11) For ASTM A 106 Gr B seamless pipe, hardness testing may be performed on
only 20 % of the welds for which type 2 examination has been specified.
12) When permission is given to replace with ultrasonic examination, the
requirements specified for the severe cyclic service column of
ASME code B31.3 shall be considered.
13) Valid for Note 1 (c).
14) When qualifying the welding procedure, the weld metal and heat-affected zone
must be microhardness tested. The location of the measurement points shall
be as defined in PETROBRAS standard N-133.
15) For services subject to hydrogen or stress corrosion cracking, the following
shall be observed:
a) the maximum hardness value shall be 248 HV in the welding procedure

qualification;
b) all production welds shall be hardness-tested, and the hardness value may
not exceed 200 HBN;
c) if the hardness values of production welds exceed 200 HBN, stress relief
heat treatment shall be performed.
56
A-3.3 A batch is defined as the total number of joints made during a given period, grouped
by pipe standard or specification and by welder.
A-3.3.1 A batch must be grouped by inspection class, due to the different percentages
required.
A-3.3.2 When samples are selected for examination, the work of all the welders shall be
covered by the sample selection.
A-3.3.3 Penalties shall be applied to the welder responsible for the defective weld.
A-4 EXAMINATION OF WELDED JOINTS
A-4.1 The type and extent of examination shall be in accordance with TABLE A-2. Welds
between dissimilar materials shall be examined applying the method and extent required for
the material with the most stringent requirements.
A-4.2 Visual examination shall determine whether the outer surfaces of welded joints satisfy
the requirements of the applicable design standard.
A-4.3 Whenever the inner side of welded joints is accessible, visual examination shall
confirm compliance with the applicable design standard.
A-4.4 For lines falling under inspection class IV, visual examination shall conform to the
requirements of the design standard applicable to severe cyclic service.
A-4.5 Ultrasonic examination shall also comply with the supplementary requirements of the
applicable design standard, where applicable. It is recommendable to use ultrasonic
examination only on pipe x pipe joints measuring ≥ 2” in diameter and ≥ 5 mm in thickness
and pipe x fitting joints measuring ≥ 8” in diameter and ≥ 5 mm in thickness. For pipe x
fitting welds out of the specifications above, the technical conditions for examination shall be
evaluated and a specific PETROBRAS-approved procedure shall be followed.
A-4.6 The acceptance criteria for the examination specified in TABLE A-2 shall be in
accordance with the applicable design standard.
A-4.7 Weld crossings and welds that do not comply with the minimum distances specified in
paragraph 6.1.6 shall be 100 % examined by radiographic examination.
A-4.8 Except for “Category D Fluids” per ASME code B31.3, all joints measuring ≤1 1/2” in
diameter shall be 100 % L.P. inspected. If heat treatment is required, the test shall be
conducted after heat treatment.
57
A-4.9 Before and after heat treatment, welded joints shall be subjected to magnetic particle
examination or, when this impracticable, to liquid penetrant examination.
_______________
/ANNEX B
58
ANNEX B - SAMPLING
B-1 OBJECTIVE
Provide a procedure for determining the number of samples and acceptance and rejection
criteria. The most applicable tables of ABNT standard NBR 5425 for sampling per item 5.2 of
this Standard are presented in simplified form.
B-2 SAMPLING
B-2.1 Sampling shall be done as established in ABNT standards NBR 5425, NBR 5426 and
NBR 5427.
B-2.2 The number of samples and acceptance and rejection criteria shall be defined for
each piping component according to the sampling characteristics established in item 5.2 of
this Standard and as a function of batch size.
B-2.3 2 The number of samples and acceptance and rejection criteria may be obtained from
TABLES B-1 and B-2.
B-3 PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING SAMPLE PERCENTAGES AND

ACCEPTANCE AND REJECTION CRITERIA
B-3.1 The intersection between batch size and the applicable inspection level in TABLE B-1
indicates the sample letter code.
TABLE B-1 - SAMPLE CODES
Batch Size General Inspection Level II
2 to 8 A
9 15 B
16 25 C
26 50 D
51 90 E
91 150 F
151 280 G
281 500 H
501 1 200 J
1 201 3 200 K
3 301 10 000 L
10 001 35 000 M
35 001 150 000 N
150 001 500 000 P
over 500 000 Q
59
B-3.2 Accounting for consumer risk (consumer risk = 5 %), the intersection between the
sample letter code obtained as described in item B-3.1 and the Limit Quality (QL) in
TABLE B-2 indicates:
a) the number of samples; and

b) acceptance and rejection limits:
- the number of defective items allowable for acceptance of the batch - Ac;
- the number of defective items that require rejection of the batch - Re.
B-3.3 If the intersection between the sample letter code and Limit Quality (QL) in TABLE B-2
falls on an arrow:
a) if the arrow is pointing down (↓) - use the Ac, Re and sample number values
provided in the cell immediately below the arrow; if the sample number so
obtained is greater than batch size, then 100% of the batch must be inspected;
b) if the arrow is pointing up (↑) - use the Ac, Re and sample number values
provided in the cell immediately above the arrow.
B-3.4 Examples:
a) 3/4” 800 gate valves - socket weld;

b) batch size: 200;
c) sampling characteristics - per item 5.2;
d) inspection level II;
e) QL = 10;
f) simple sampling plan;
g) consumer risk = 5 %.
B-3.4.1 The sample code obtained in TABLE B-1 based on the batch size (200) and the
inspection level (II) is “G”.
B-3.4.2 In TABLE B-2, for QL = 10 and using the sample code (“G”) obtained as described
above :
a) number of samples = 32;

b) Re = 1;
c) Ac = 0.
60
TABLE B-2 - SIMPLE SAMPLING PLAN - BASED ON THE QUALITY LIMIT FOR
CONSUMER RISK OF ABOUT 5 %
Limit Quality
Sample Number of
4.0 10 15
Code Samples
Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re
A 2
B 3
C 5
D 8
E 13
F 20 0 1
G 32 0 1 1 2
H 50 1 2 3 4
J 80 0 1 3 4 7 8
K 125 1 2 7 8 12 13
L 200 3 4 12 13 21 22
M 315 7 8 21 22
N 500 12 13
P 800 21 22
Q 1 250
Notes: 1) ↓ - Go to the cell immediately below the arrow. If the sample number so
obtained is greater than batch size, then 100 % of the batch must be
inspected
2) ↑ - Go to the cell immediately above the arrow.
3) Ac - Number of defective parts (or faults) allowable for batch acceptance.
4) Re - Number of defective parts (or faults) requiring batch rejection.
______________
/ANNEX C
61
ANNEX C - WORK PROCEDURE
C-1 OBJECTIVE
Provide guidance on the preparation of work procedures, listing the basic items to be
covered .
C-2 CONTENT
C-2.1 Piping Material Receipt Inspection Procedure
a) objective;
b) definitions;
c) applicable standards;
d) analysis of the corresponding quality control documentation;
e) descriptions of the items of each material to be inspected;
f) definition of the inspection scope for each type and material:
- percentage of parts to be examined;
g) description of the inspection process for each item to be inspected (visual,
dimensional);
h) list of acceptance standards for each material:
- requirements of the corresponding standards; characteristics of RMs;
i) handling accepted / rejected materials:
- form of identification;
- storage place.
C-2.2 Piping Material Storage and Preservation Procedure
a) objective;
b) definitions;
d) definition of the storage place for each type of material;
e) storage conditions for each type of material:
- maximum pile height; inclination, when necessary; clearance between parts
and / or floor clearance; types of supports;
f) protection against tumbling and / or mechanical damage:
- precautions; support; tie-down;
g) preservation requirements for each type of material:
- plugging; protection of surfaces with grease, paint or varnish, protection
against rain and/or heat.
C-2.3 Piping Fabrication, Erection and Pre-Commissioning Procedures
a) objective;
b) definitions;
d) erection aids:
- types, description, capacity and quantity;
e) instruments used:
- types, range of usage and quantity;
f) fit-up aids:
62
- types, descriptions, function, quantity; precautions required during fit-up and

removal;
g) characteristics of the cutting processes used;
h) piping fabrication and erection sequences and areas:
- lines involved; base material; diameter and thickness ranges;
i) method for tracing welded joints to the welder responsible;
j) method for material and spool identification / traceability;
k) list of welding procedures to be used depending on material and thickness
variables;
l) list of inspection procedures to be used;
m) particular design and fabrication process characteristics:
- tolerances; overlength; fit-up; use of special fittings (pipe bends, miter beds,
branch connections, swage fittings); threaded pipes; jacketed pipes,
preparation for coating;
n) accessory assembly characteristics:
- gaskets, valves, filters;
o) pre-commissioning requirements for the different stages of the process:
- mechanical protection; anticorrosive protection, cleaning;
p) safety requirements for personal protection.
C-2.4 Cold Spring Procedure
a) objective;
b) definitions;
d) definition of cold spring locations;
e) equipment used:
- type and capacity;
f) execution method:
- particular characteristics: applying the load; measuring stress and movement;
g) precautions with respect to materials, equipment and personnel:
- prevention of overloading and personal protection.
C-2.5 Support Fabrication and Erection Procedure
a) objective;
b) definitions;
d) support characteristics:
- types, materials and nominal dimensions;
e) characteristics of the equipment used:
- types; capacity and quantity;
f) characteristics of the fabrication process:
- cutting; welding; testing and tolerances;
g) assembly characteristics:
- positioning; fit-up and welding; tolerances; adjusting spring hangers and
sealing cradle supports.
C-2.6 Piping Material Transport Procedures
a) objective;
b) definitions;
d) lifting parts and spools;
63
- lifting methods; materials used; lifting points; lifting equipment and maximum
permissible load;
e) transport equipment;
f) arrangement for transport:
- relative positioning of parts and spools, tie-down and mechanical protection;
g) safety aspects:
- precautions; protection of equipment and personnel.
C-2.7 Pipe Joint Heat Treatment Procedure
a) objective;
b) definitions;
d) equipment, materials and auxiliary devices used:
- types; characteristics; function and quantity;
- types; quantity, location and installation methods; range of usage;
f) preparation:
- positioning parts, spools and equipment; connecting heat sources;
g) preparing joints:
- locating and fitting thermocouples; fitting heat sources; fitting insulation;
h) description of heat treatment parameters:
- temperature; heating and cooling rates; treatment time; beginning and ending
temperature control;
i) work method:
- raising and controlling temperature; recording heat treatment variables and
graphs;
j) precautions during heat treatment:
- personal safety; equipment and material safety; part supports;
k) post-heat treatment activities:
- removing equipment and controlling thickness.
C-2.8 Valve Testing Procedure
a) objective;
b) definitions;
d) test equipment and auxiliary devices;
- types, characteristics, function and quantity;
- types, quantity, range of use and calibration;
f) description of the components to be tested;
- body, seat, seal;
g) test fluid:
- type; temperature and level of purity;
h) test pressures:
- minimum and maximum permissible;
i) preparation and precautions with respect to safety:
- blanking points; equipment and precautions for personal protection;
j) test methods:
- pressurization; duration, checks and acceptance criteria;
k) particular characteristics of the test method;
l) post-testing activities:
- drying; anticorrosive protection and mechanical protection.
64
C-2.9 Hydrostatic Testing Procedure
a) objective;
b) definitions;
d) test equipment and auxiliary devices:
- types, characteristics, function and quantity;
- drains and vents;
- types, location and range of usage;
f) definition of test systems:
- limits; lines involved; equipment and valves included and excluded or
modified;
g) test fluid used:
- type; temperature; purity and salinity levels; volume; supply and discharge
points; environmental compatibility;
h) test pressure:
- minimum and maximum permissible;
- blanking points; temporary supports; access; filling, pressurization and
drainage connections; personal protective equipment and precautions;
j) test methods:
- pressurization; duration; verification; acceptance and rejection;
k) particular characteristics of the test method;
l) post-testing activities:
- drainage; removal of auxiliary devices and preservation; line flushing;
m) coordinator or person in charge.
C-2.10 Pneumatic Test Procedure
The same as C-2.9, where applicable.
C-2.11 Line Flushing Procedure
a) objective;
b) definitions;
d) flushing equipment and auxiliary devices:
- type, characteristics; capacity, quantity and function;
- types, quantity, location and range of use;
f) definition of flushing systems:
- limits; lines involved; equipment included and excluded;
g) flushing fluid:
- type; temperature and purity level;
h) flushing parameters:
- flow rate and duration;
- blanking points; access, temporary supports; connections; equipment and
precautions for personal protection;
j) flushing methods:
- process; inspection of the fluid and piping and acceptance criteria;
k) particular characteristics of the flushing process;
l) post-flushing activities:
65
- drainage; removal of equipment and auxiliary devices and preservation.
C-2.12 Steam Blow Procedure
The same as C-2.11, where applicable.
C-2.13 Chemical Cleaning Procedure:
a) objective;
b) definitions;
d) system flow chart with blanking points;
e) cleaning phases (alkaline, acid, neutralizer, passivator);
f) cleaning solutions (chemical nature, concentration, temperature and time) for
each phase;
g) cleaning methods, including information such as: injection and drainage points,
flow direction and velocity for each phase;
h) equipment and auxiliary devices (such as: pumps, hoses, tanks, thermometers);
i) method of diluting and injecting solutions;
j) quality control for each phase (frequency, analysis, methods and acceptance
criteria );
k) method and location for draining solutions, method of neutralization and
precautions to prevent loose particles removed from the system form building
up at low points of the piping system or in long straight sections;
l) safety precautions (such as: isolating the area, protective equipment and
running water stations);
m) method of preservation of the cleaned system and disassembling auxiliary
cleaning devices;
n) when the preservation method is pressurization with nitrogen, define the
pressure to be maintained in the system.
______________
66
INDEX OF REVISIONS
REV. A, B, C and D
There is no index of revisions.
REV. E
Affected Parts Description of Alteration
1.2 Included
Chapters 2 and 3 Reviewed
4.1 and 4.2 Reviewed
4.20.2 Reviewed
5.3.2, 5.3.4 and 5.3.7 Reviewed
5.4.4 to 5.4.7 Reviewed
5.5.4 and 5.5.6 Reviewed
5.6.2 Reviewed
5.6.3 and 5.6.5 Included
5.6.5.1 and 5.6.5.2 Included
5.6.6 Reviewed
5.6.6.2 Reviewed
5.6.9 Reviewed
5.8.1 to 5.8.3 Included
5.9.4 Included
5.10 and 5.11 Included
5.13.6 Included
6.1 Reviewed
6.1.1 Reviewed
IR 1/3
REV. E
FIGURES 2.1 and 2.2 Reviewed
FIGURES 3.1 and 3.3 Reviewed
7.1.8.3 and 7.1.8.4 Reviewed
7.1.9.4 and 7.1.9.5 Reviewed
7.3.4 Reviewed
7.4.1 Reviewed
7.6.6 Reviewed
7.9.4 Reviewed
7.10.1 Reviewed
9.3 to 9.5 Reviewed
9.7 Reviewed
9.7.1, 9.7.5 and 9.7.6 Reviewed
9.9 Reviewed
10.2, 10.3 and 10.5 Reviewed
FIGURE 7.1 Reviewed
11.1.10, 11.1.13, 11.1.15
Reviewed
and 11.1.20
11.1.15 Reviewed
11.1.19 Included
11.1.20 Reviewed
11.1.21 and 11.1.22 Included
11.2.1 Reviewed
11.3.5.1, 11.3.5.2 and
Reviewed
11.3.5.4
IR 2/3
REV. E
12.3.1 Reviewed
APPENDIXES A and B Reviewed
_____________
IR 3/3
WORKING GROUP - WG-17-22
Members
Name Department Telephone Key

André Mariano ENGENHARIA/SL/SEQUI/ATFCM 819-3468 CSM0
Eduardo de Araujo Saad ENGENHARIA/IEABAST/EAB/SE 819-3302 SG6J
Gerson de Carvalho Costa
E&P-UN-BC/ST/EIS 861-2246 QM27
Lima
Mario Natalino Jordão Neto UN-REDUC/EM 813-7331 EDB4
Mauro Okawa UN-RECAP/EN 852-9228 RC30
Reinaldo Ramos David AB-RE/ES/TEE 814-4373 ED8A
Tadeu Elieser Bezerra
ENGENHARIA/IEABAST/IERFP/CMCO 856-6681 EH8N
Freitas
Walcondiney Pereira Nunes CENPES/EB/EEQ 812-6227 BR14
Technical Secretary
Paulo Cezar Correa
ENGENHARIA/SL/NORTEC 819-3079 EEM8
Defelippe
_____________
ANNEX A - EXAMINATION REQUIRED WHEN INSPECTING PIPING WELDS
A-1 OBJECTIVE
A-1.1 Define the type and extent of non-destructive examination to be performed on the
welds of piping systems built in accordance with this Standard.
A-1.2 Non-destructive examination shall be applied in accordance with PETROBRAS

standards N-1591 to N-1598 and the personnel in charge of performing examination shall be
qualified in accordance with PETROBRAS standard N-1590,
ABNT standard NBR NM ISO 9712 and ABN standard NBR 14842.
A-2 INSPECTION CLASSES
A-2.1 Inspection classes shall be determined using TABLE A-1, based on the type of
material, the pressure class defined in ASME code B16.5 and line temperature, with the
exceptions specified in A-2.2.
TABLE A-1 – INSPECTION CLASSES (AS A FUNCTION OF PRESSURE CLASS)
Limitations Inspection Classes

Material P-Number IV
(See Note 1) I II III
(See Note 3)
1 500 to
Carbon Steel 1 T ≤ 430 °C Category D 150 2) to 900
2 500
C-1/2 Mo 1 500 to Category M
3 - - 150 to 900 or severe
1/2 Cr-1/2 Mo 2 500
cyclic
1 to 2 Cr-Mo 4
conditions or
2 1/4 to 9
5 high pressure
Cr-Mo
service
12 Cr (type 410) 6 per ASME
- - 150 to 600 900 to 2 500
12 Cr code B31.3
7
(type 405) Chapter IX
2 1/4 Ni 9A or services
3 1/2 Ni 9B subject to
5 Ni 11A-SG2 hydrogen or
- - - 150 to 2 500
9 Ni 11A-SG1 stress
-101°C < T < 430 °C - corrosion
Austenitic 150 to 600 900 to 2 500 or
Stainless Steel 8 -101 °C ≤ T ≤ 430 °C - - compression
150 to 2 500
facilities
- 101 °C < T < 399 °C - 150 to 600 - designed per
Nickel Alloys 41 to 45 ASME code
- 101 °C < T < 204 °C - - 150 to 2 500 B31.8
T ≤ - 101 °C
Copper Alloys 31 to 35 T ≥ 200 °C - - 150 to 600
Notes: 1) Whenever impact testing is required when qualifying the welding procedure, the
line shall be included in inspection class IV.
2) For fluids not included in category D.
3) In the case of exploration and production units or installations, natural gas lines
having a pressure class equal to or greater than 600 shall be included in
inspection class IV.
53
TABLE A-2 - TYPE AND EXTENT OF EXAMINATION FOR EACH TYPE OF WELD
Extent Required for each Type
Type of Examination Circumferential Branch Connection
Class “P-Number” Support Fillet Longitudinal
Required (see Notes 3 and Welds (see Notes 1,
(see Note 7) (see Note 2) (see Note 2)
9) 6 and 9)
I 1 Visual 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %
Visual 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %
1
Visual 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %
3
Magnetic particles
- 10 % type 1 - 10 % type 1 -
(see Note 8)
II Visual 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %
4, 5, 6, 7
Magnetic particles
100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %
(see Note 8)
Visual 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %
8, 9A, 9B, Radiographic (see Note 5) 10 % type 1 - - - 100 %
41-45 Ultrasonic (see Note 13) - 10 % - - -
100 % 100 % 10 % type 1 100 % 100 %
(see Note 6)
Visual 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %
100 % (see Note
10)
Magnetic particles
- 100 % 20 % type 1 100 % -
(see Note 8)
Visual 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %
100 % type 1
(see Note 10)
3, 4
Magnetic particles
100 % 100 % 20 % type 1 100 % -
(see Note 8)
III
Visual 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %
5, 6, 7
Magnetic particles
100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %
(see Note 8)
Visual 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %
8, 9A, 9B
11A-SG1,
100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %
(see Note 6)
Visual 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %
100 % - - - 100 %
and 12)
1
Magnetic particles
100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %
(see Note 8)
Hardness (see Notes 11, 14
100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %
and 15)
Visual 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %
100 % - - - 100 %
IV and 12)
3, 4, 5, 6, 7 Ultrasonic (see Note 13) - 100 % - - -
Magnetic particles (see Note 8) 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %
Hardness (see Notes 14 and
100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %
15)
Visual 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %
8, 9A, 9B Radiographic (see Notes 5
100 % - - - 100 %
11A-SG1, and 12)
100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %
(see Note 6)
55
Notes: 1) For the purposes of TABLE A-2, branch connection welds are deemed to
include:
a) welds between a run pipe and a reinforcing pad;

b) welds between a branch pipe and a reinforcement bad;
c) welds between a run pipe and a branch pipe;
d) welds between a run pipe an forgings such as sockolets, weldolets, and
threadolets, except when details that can be examined by radiographic
examination are used (extruded or integral weldolets) and in this cases the
welds shall be 100 % examined by radiographic examination.
2) Fillet welds include socket welds, seal welds (on threaded connections) and
slip-on flange welds.
3) Applicable only to welds joining pipes and fittings; welds made when fabricating
pipes and fittings shall conform to the fabrication standards for these
components (API or ASTM), except when indicated otherwise in the
corresponding standard pipe material specification, or in the contract.
4) Hardness examination shall be conducted as defined in item 9.7 of this
Standard. Welds that do not require heat treatment are exempted from this
examination.
5) When approved by PETROBRAS, ultrasonic examination may be used in lieu of
radiographic examination, provided the requirements contained in the
applicable design standard and the requirements of this Standard are met.
6) Liquid penetrant examination shall be conducted on the last weld layer.
7) Welds between the pipe surface and a supports.
8) When magnetic particle examination is impracticable, liquid penetrant
examination may be used to the same extent.
9) Visual examination shall be conducted after the root pass.
10) If all the conditions below are satisfied and no unacceptable defects are found,
the extent of radiographic examination may be 25 %:
a) TIG process used for the root pass;

b) inner diameter of root area controlled by grinding;
c) wall thickness of “P-number” 1 pipes not greater than 1 1/4” (32 mm);
d) wall thickness of “ “P-number” 3 and 4 pipes not greater than 5/8” (16 mm).
11) For ASTM A 106 Gr B seamless pipe, hardness testing may be performed on
only 20 % of the welds for which type 2 examination has been specified.
12) When permission is given to replace with ultrasonic examination, the
requirements specified for the severe cyclic service column of
ASME code B31.3 shall be considered.
13) Valid for Note 1 (c).
14) When qualifying the welding procedure, the weld metal and heat-affected zone
must be microhardness tested. The location of the measurement points shall
be as defined in PETROBRAS standard N-133.
15) For services subject to hydrogen or stress corrosion cracking, the following
shall be observed:
a) the maximum hardness value shall be 248 HV in the welding procedure

qualification;
b) all production welds shall be hardness-tested, and the hardness value may
not exceed 200 HBN;
c) if the hardness values of production welds exceed 200 HBN, stress relief
heat treatment shall be performed.
56

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N-115 REV.

Alterations of the Table.

Alteration of the Table.

- Note 10 of the Table A-2:

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PROPERTY OF PETROBRAS 1 page

FABRICATION AND ERECTION OF

PROPERTY OF PETROBRAS 66 pages, Index of Revisions and WG

2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................. 6

3.1 MATERIAL QUALITY CERTIFICATE.................................................................................................... 8

3.2 BLOCKING PLATE................................................................................................................................ 8

3.3 PRE-COMMISSIONING ......................................................................................................................... 8

3.4 FIT UP AIDS.......................................................................................................................................... 8

3.5 FABRICATION ...................................................................................................................................... 9

3.6 RECEIPT INSPECTION ........................................................................................................................ 9

3.7 PERMANENT SEALING GASKET ........................................................................................................ 9

3.8 TEMPORARY SEALING GASKET........................................................................................................ 9

3.9 SAMPLING BATCH............................................................................................................................... 9

3.10 “P-NUMBER” ....................................................................................................................................... 9

3.11 WORK PROCEDURE ......................................................................................................................... 9

3.13 SPOOL ................................................................................................................................................ 9

3.14 TEST TEMPERATURE ....................................................................................................................... 9

3.15 PIPING IN SERVICE ......................................................................................................................... 10

3.16 HAZ ................................................................................................................................................... 10

4 GENERAL CONDITIONS .................................................................................................................................. 10

5 RECEIPT, STORAGE AND PRESERVATION OF MATERIALS ....................................................................... 14

5.1 GENERAL ........................................................................................................................................... 14

5.5 FITTINGS ............................................................................................................................................ 17

5.6 VALVES .............................................................................................................................................. 18

5.7 STEAM TRAPS ................................................................................................................................... 19

5.8 SEALING GASKETS ........................................................................................................................... 20

5.9 EXPANSION JOINTS.......................................................................................................................... 20

5.11 FLANGE INSERTS - REFER TO PETROBRAS STANDARD N-120 ................................................ 22

5.12 BOLTS AND NUTS ........................................................................................................................... 23

5.13 SPRING HANGERS .......................................................................................................................... 23

5.14 OTHER PIPING COMPONENTS ...................................................................................................... 24

7.1 GENERAL ........................................................................................................................................... 25

7.2 METAL SUPPORTS AND RESTRAINTS - PETROBRAS STANDARD N-1758 ................................. 32

7.4 VALVES .............................................................................................................................................. 34

7.5 GASKETS AND BOLTS ...................................................................................................................... 34

7.6 THREADED CONNECTIONS ............................................................................................................. 35

7.7 EXPANSION JOINTS.......................................................................................................................... 36

7.8 STEAM TRAPS ................................................................................................................................... 36

7.9 STEAM TRACING LINES.................................................................................................................... 36

7.10 UNDERGROUND PIPING................................................................................................................. 37

10 HEAT TREATMENT ........................................................................................................................................ 40

11 PRESSURE TESTING .................................................................................................................................... 42

11.1 PRE-TEST PROCEDURES .............................................................................................................. 42

11.2 TEST TEMPERATURE ..................................................................................................................... 45

11.3 TEST FLUID ...................................................................................................................................... 45

11.4 TEST PRESSURE............................................................................................................................. 46

11.5 APPLYING PRESSURE, FINDING LEAKS AND FINAL TESTING................................................... 46

11.6 TESTING PIPING DURING MAINTENANCE.................................................................................... 47

12.1 FINAL CHECKS ................................................................................................................................ 48

12.2 CLEANING PIPING SYSTEMS......................................................................................................... 48

12.2.2 WATER FLUSHING.................................................................................................................. 49

12.2.3 CLEANING INSTRUMENT AIR SYSTEMS .............................................................................. 50

12.2.4 STEAM BLOWING................................................................................................................... 50

12.2.5 CHEMICAL CLEANING ............................................................................................................ 50

12.2.6 OIL FLUSHING ......................................................................................................................... 51

12.3 DRYING ............................................................................................................................................ 51

14 ACCEPTANCE AND REJECTION .................................................................................................................. 52

ANNEX A - EXAMINATION REQUIRED WHEN INSPECTING PIPING WELDS.................................................. 53