Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and

Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan

Assignment
PAKISTAN STUDIES
Submitted to:
Dr. Enggr. Syed Muhammad Zafar Iqbal

Submitted by:
ELEN201101056

ABDUL MANNAN (2-B)

TOPIC:1

ECONOMIC POTENTIAL AND ITS UTILIZATION

Economic potential is the potential of a region, nation, or corporation for
economic development and growth and creation of surplus value. Typically,
discussions of economic potential occur when available resources have not yet
been tapped and fully developed or exploited, possibly because of missing
infrastructure.

The Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms (2005) defines economic

potential as

"The total capacity of a nation to produce goods and services."

Growth poles of Pakistan's economy are situated along the Indus River;the
diversified economies of Karachi and major urban centers in the Punjab, coexisting
with lesser developed areas in other parts of the country The economy has suffered
in the past from internal political disputes, a fast-growing population, mixed levels
of foreign investment.] Foreign exchange reserves are bolstered by steady worker
remittances, but a growing current account deficit – driven by a widening trade gap
as import growth outstrips export expansion – could draw down reserves and
dampen GDP growth in the medium term.Pakistan is currently undergoing a
process of economic liberalization, including privatization of all government
corporations, aimed to attract foreign investment and decrease budget deficit.In
October 2016, foreign currency reserves crossed $24.0 billion[which has led to
stable outlook on the long-term rating by Standard & Poor's. In 2016, BMI
Research report named Pakistan as one of the ten emerging economies with a
particular focus on its manufacturing hub]
As of May 2021, the Pakistani government has predicted that future growth rates
will be 5%, one of the highest in South Asia. According to the World Bank,
poverty in Pakistan fell from 64.3% in 2002 to 2.3% in 2018. The country's
improving macroeconomic position has led to Moody's upgrading Pakistan's debt
outlook to "stable

In 2017, Pakistan's GDP in terms of purchasing power parity crossed $1 trillion.

By May 2019, the Pakistani rupee had undergone a year-on-year depreciation of
30% vis-a-vis the US dollar. In 2020 CPEC Phase 2 has been started, with new
billion dollar agreements. Pakistan is focusing on its own Electric Vehicle,
biomedical, electromagnetic, smartphones and semi-conductor Industry. Samsung
and Realme announces to set up assembly plant in Pakistan. Pakistan's first digital
is establishing in haripur. At this moment, Oppo and haier to invest in Pakistan
Digital City (PDC) Haripur. PDC is near from Telephone Industries of Pakistan
(TIP) and National Radio and Telecommunication Corporation (NRTC).

TOPIC:2

Social issues , their gravity and resolution

 Group Members Rana Saad Iqbal (E10-064) Muhammad Ather Shehzad

(E10-045) Ather Abdul Jabbar (E10-013) Qazi Muhammad Ubaid (E10-
078)
 Social Problems in Pakistan
 Social Issues Of Pakistan Corruption Smuggling Health Care Conditions
Educational Problems Terrorism Food Crisis Poverty
 Corruption Corruption in widespread.Pakistan is ranked as a 42nd corrupted
country of the world according to Transparency International Corruption
Perception Index.
 The expert sources indicate that the following sectors are among the most
affected by corruption.• Police and law enforcement.• Judiciary and legal
professions.• Power sector.• Tax and customs.• Land administration.• Health
and education.
 Smuggling To import or export without paying lawfulcustoms charges or
duties. Smuggling severly harms the economy of Pakistan in
multidimensional ways.
 Smuggling undermines the localindustry, discourages the legal imports and
reducesthe volume of revenues collected from duties.Unfortunately a
parallel underground economy hastaken roots in Pakistan.
 Health Care ConditionsEven after decades of existence there is no
equaldistribution of wealth and resources.Many Pakistanis suffer from
physical and emotionalproblems but there is no proper health care systemin
place.Mental illness is still surrounded by visible stigma.
 Children still suffer from malnutrition because ofpervasive poverty.Many
patients with emergency only see adoctor when they get violent and have
anervous breakdown.
 Educational ProblemsPakistan illiteracy rate is decreasingcontinuously as
the schools have not kept up withthe population explosion.Most people in
villages cannot read or write.There is no standardized educational system.
 There is also a problem of different medium ofinstructions in private and
public sector.In Pakistan there is also a lack of technicaleducation.
  TerrorismPakistan play a key and highly conflicted role in theglobal war on
terror.Today terrorism is threatening the very roots andfabric of Pakistan’s
nationhood.
 The major causes of terrorism in Pakistan are Political crisis. Economic
conditions. Standard of living. Religious extremism.
 Food CrisisThe world financial experts have placedPakistan on a list of 36
countries that face a seriousfood crises.It has two aspects Unavailability of
edibles. Soaring prices due to gap in demand and supply of edibles.
 Child LaborThe full-time employment of children whoare under a minimum
legal age.The last survey in 1996 figured out3.3 millionchild labourers in
Pakistan, out ofwhich 2.4million were boys and 0.9 weregirls.Most of the
child laborers are working inruler areas as compare to urban areas.
 In Pakistan child labor is related to Craft and related trade activities. Brick
making. Stone crushing. Carpet making. Agriculture sector. Factories and
industries.
 Poverty In PakistanPoverty is the main issue of Pakistan.According to 2007-
08 analysis,17.2 % of the totalpopulation lived below the poverty line which
is thelowest figures in history of Pakistan.

TOPIC:3

Youth role in the development of pakistan

Youth is the backbone of any nation. Youth can play an important role in the
development of the society. Pakistan currently is the largest generation of young
people ever recorded in its history as 64pc of the total population was below the
age of 30, and 29pc between the ages of 15-29 years. This is the important segment
of the society and youth can play a vital role in the development of the country.
But this young and able workforce is not being given their chance to shine.

Unfortunately there is lack of opportunities, professional training institutes,

awareness for youth in the country. Educated youth is unemployed, they are unable
to participate in the country’s development because there is no quality education,
and textbooks, policies, and curriculum differ across the country. There is no
proper training institute in the country where student can get professional training
for their careers.

Youth is now becoming a depressed segment of society, there are degrees but no
jobs, there are universities but no professional education, there are schools but
different education systems between elite and poor, there is a government but not a
proper policy as to how they can solve these issues. Government should realize the
situation and take quick measures to save the future of the nation.

TOPIC:4

World affairs challenges and contribution of pakistan

 Let me begin by extending my thanks to the Brookings Institution, for the

invitation to participate in the roundtable session this afternoon.
 It is a privilege to be at Brookings and meet with so many eminent
personalities and scholars of international affairs. Your contribution in
shaping the debate on key foreign and domestic policy issues is important
and impressive.

 I am happy to be here this afternoon to share my thoughts on how we see

major global trends and the pivotal position that Pakistan occupies in its
region with its strategic location with the intersection of Central Asia, South
Asia and West Asia, the challenges that Pakistan faces and its role in
promoting peace security and development in the region. I will also touch
upon the relations that we with the United States and our vision and
aspirations for Pakistan. Brief Review of Pakistan-US relations and
Pakistan's pivotal role in the region.

 Historically, two trends are discernable in our bilateral relations that bear
important lessons for the future.

 One, our engagement tended to move in a cyclical pattern. There was a

phase when Pakistan was the "most allied ally''; then there was a phase when
we were the "most sanctioned ally". This meant that despite excellent
bilateral cooperation at given points, our engagement had short-term
perspective and lacked essential stability and sustainability.

 Two, our relationship generally tended to have a single anchor, either it was
containment of the communist threat; or reversal of Soviet invasion of
Afghanistan; or, more recently, counter-terrorism. This meant close
 collaboration, but a narrow base. This militated against tile development of
broader multi-dimensional relationship.

 In the current phase, I believe both sides are conscious of these historical
patterns and are working to build a stable, broad-based, long-term,
sustainable relationship.

 I would like to point out factors relevant to US interests in the region and
Pakistan's pivotal role with implications for the region and the world. These
are: a. Pakistan is an important anchor of stability in the Muslim world. b.
Pakistan's popular ethos makes it a moderate society which was destructed
by the law passed events in our neighbourhood, in particular the Afghan
conflict that spans period of over a quarter century. However, we are now
emerging from the shadows of the unfortunate situation following the fateful
Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. c. Pakistan is a vibrant democracy in the
Muslim world with media enjoying full and unprecedented freedom.

 Challenges and Pakistan's Response

 I will now turn to how we have addressed the external challenges

confronting Pakistan and how we are working to create a promising
environment for peace and development in South Asia and beyond.

 Our external challenges arise from the threat of terrorism and the old
conflicts that have afflicted the region. Our neighbourhood has remained
 disturbed mainly on two counts: the conflict in Afghanistan and the
unresolved Kashmir dispute that has been source of tension between
Pakistan and India since the two countries became independent over half a
century ago.

TOPIC:6

Human Rights in pakistan

The crackdown on the media, civil society and the political opposition intensified.
Frequent enforced disappearances continued; nobody was held accountable.
COVID-19 created new challenges for economic, social and cultural rights. Health
workers were detained for peacefully exercising their right to freedom of
expression, and also came under attack at their place of work. The Supreme Court
blocked efforts to relieve prison overcrowding, despite the spread of COVID-19 in
prisons. Religious minorities continued to be prosecuted under blasphemy laws and
attacked by non-state actors. Violence against women remained prevalent. Prime
Minister Khan made encouraging announcements to release women prisoners and
criminalize torture but there was little progress in implementing these measures.
The Ministry of Human Rights presided over critical reforms around the death
penalty and child abuse. The National Commission on Human Rights remained
defunct.

Frontline health workers

At the outset of the COVID-19 pandemic, health care facilities faced a severe
shortage of PPE. Doctors were photographed attending to suspected COVID-19
patients wearing plastic bags instead of face masks, protective suits and gloves.
Between March and July, almost 5,400 health workers were infected with COVID-
19. At least 58 died. Balochistan police used unnecessary and excessive force
against health workers protesting the lack of PPE, resources and government
support in Quetta, Balochistan province. Some of the protesters were arrested and
detained for almost 24 hours.

Prisoners
Prison populations were well over the maximum capacity and prisoners were
particularly vulnerable to contracting COVID-19. The lack of adequate hygiene
and sanitation facilities, scarce medical resources, inconsistent testing and the
inability of prisoners to socially distance all contributed to easy transmission of the
virus.

Discrimination

Amid the economic impact of the pandemic, there was a surge in charity drives to
help support those who had lost their livelihoods. Despite this, members of the
persecuted Ahmadiyya community were reportedly denied alms and donations on
account of their faith. Calls were circulated on social media by religious
organizations asking charities to ensure that Ahmadis did not receive food supplies
or other essentials.

Workers’ rights

The closure of factories producing non-essential items, disruptions in supply chains

and travel restrictions resulted in tens of thousands of workers being laid off. The
government announced in April it would create 60,000 jobs to hire these workers
to support its reforestation drive. This was implemented partially. Pakistan’s social
security systems remained crippled by a lack of resources; most re-employment
programmes were ad hoc.

Freedom of expression

The authorities tightened their control on the media, and media workers reported
increased coercion and censorship. In an interview in September, the Prime
Minister denied there was a press crackdown and said that he did not mind
criticism. However, journalists who published critical pieces were subjected to
harassment, intimidation, censorship and even arrest.

. TOPIC:6

Futuristic Outlook of Pakistan

Futuristic Outlook of Pakistan PakistanStudies

 Futuristic Outlook of Pakistan Pakistan is the 26th largest in the world in

terms of purchasing power parity and 41st largest in terms of nominal Gross
Domestic Product. As Pakistan has a population of over 186 million (the
world's 6th-largest). Pakistan is a developing country and is one of have a
potential to become one of the world's large economies in the 21st century.
The prospect of a change in the country mainly rests with its youth who
form 65% of its population. Some 40 years back one could witness a lot of
 youthful energy and hope across all segments of the population. Pakistan is
stuck up in a quagmire. In today Pakistan, we are facing many problems.
Like energy problems, terrorism, Health Problems, Education etc. Following
are the measures to Solve these Problems: Honest and capable leadership
Social justice Education Health care Economic growth Energy sector
Terrorism Foreign affairs Austerity Police 1. Honest and capable
leadership It is rather sad but the fact remains that our present leadership has
not succeeded to create an atmosphere in which both institutions and the
individuals could best realise their potential. We have a vibrant and dynamic
society. However, to exploit this God-gifted advantage, we need an
exemplary governance system pioneered and executed by a set of God-
fearing, talented, self-sacrificing, and highly dedicated leaders assisted by an
equally efficient bureaucracy.

 Social justice There should be an independent judiciary to dispense social

and legal justice so that people feel that their basic rights are safe and intact.
They should enjoy equal opportunities to work and build up their career.
Their fundamental rights of expression, movement and earning of
respectable livelihood should be preserved at all costs. 3. Education There
should be a unique system of education for all. Syllabi should be devised in
such a way that modern education in science and technology as also in
vocational subjects be imparted and the moral and ethical values of our
society be upheld. At least 5 per cent of GDP should be allocated to
education sector and education be made compulsory for all. Financial
assistance be given to the poor and incentives be introduced for the talented
students. Government should take steps to increase the literacy rate in the
country and government should provide facilities' in this regard.
Government should also motivate the private sector too. 4. Health care We
spend only 2.5 per cent of our GDP on health which is perhaps the lowest in
the world. Precisely, only five poverty stricken countries fall behind us.
Even India and Sri Lanka are ahead of us with 3.9 per cent and 3.4 per cent
respectively. It is also deplorable that our physicians’ density is 0.81 per
1,000 persons. According to the World Health Organization it should not be
less than 2.3 per 1,000. Another amazing fact is that in our hospitals we have
1 bed for 1,667 persons while in Sri Lanka they have 1 bed for 323 persons.
One can imagine as to where do we stand in the domain of healthcare. The
authorities must rise to the occasion and give special attention to this prime
sector.