Department of Electrical Engineering

EE-361-L Computer Networks Lab

Lab Report: 01
Introduction to Packet Tracer

Name: BUSHRA BATOOL

Roll Number: 170811
Class: BEETE-8A

Submitted To: Engr. Aqib Khan

Date: September 23rd, 2020

 Lab#2 INTRODUCTION TO HUB, WITCHES ANS
ROUTERS

Objective:
 This lab exercise is designed to understand the difference between Hub,
Switch and Router.

Procedure:
 In this lab first of all, we place three generic end devices and a Hub.
Connection are made on the bases of network layer in which theses
devices work.

 Where OSI(open system interconnection) model include seven layers

starting from
1. Physical layer
2. Data link layer
3. Network layer
4. Transport layer
5. Session layer
6. Presentation layer
7. Application layer
 We decide according to the data link layer and physical layer if two
devices are on the same layer then we use copper cross over and if both
devices are working on different layer then we use copper straight
through. As we are assigning IP addresses to PCs it means that they are
working on network layer. Where as Hub is on physical layer or data
link layer.
 In accordance to this we use copper straight through to connect to the
port zero of Hub, using fast Ethernet as shown in figure below.

 Similarly, we connect other two PCs with first and second port and IP
addresses are assign to each of PCs as shown below.
 PC: 1 PC: 2

PC: 3
 After connections, we send packet between two end devices and see
either it is success full or not

 Moving further we place three more end devices named as PC-3, PC-4,
and PC-5 as represented below.
 These three PCs will be connected by using 24 ports switch.

 As switch work on the data link layer and PCs work on the address
layer so we use copper straight through cable to connect them. In
addition to this we also assign IP address to the new connected end
devices.
 PC: 3 PC: 4

PC: 5

 On simulating, we saw that Hub send packet to all the connected device
while switch sends to the desired PC’s mac addresses.
 After that we place another Hub with two and connected with the
prevois Hub using copper cross over, because of their same layer.

 As we know that switch and PCs are on data link layer so we connect
them through copper cross over. In simulation mode we saw that hub
broadcast packet while switch send packet only to the desired location.
Conclusion:
In this lab we learnt about basic difference between Hub and Switch. Hub
send packet to all the connected end devices whereas switch send only to
the desired end device. In addition to this, we saw that if two devices are
operating on same layer then we use copper cross over to connect them
whereas, if they are operating on different layer then we connect them
through copper straight through.