Conversational Sentences

A. Hello! It is me!
B. Oh, hi! How are you?
A. Fine. Tell me, what you are doing this afternoon?
B. I am not sure I will stay at home and read a book. How about you?
A. Well I am planning to go to the playground and play ball would you like to join me?
B. Yes I would to play ball with you then stay at home and read a book.
A. Good! I will wait for you.
B. Thanks bye……….

What did you do at home yesterday?

I studied English and played football.

Did you have time to write the letter?

Yes, but I can not wrote it hope that absolve me.

Did you go out last night?

Yes, I went to the cinema.

What did you see there?

Nothing just I watched a movie.

Where were you living last year?

I was living in Kabul.

Whom did you invite to the party?

I invited my best friend Roshan.

Why did you close the door?

Because it is windy.

How old he was when he died?

He was (20) years old when he died.

Which position did you get in the class?

I got the second position in the class.

Where are you going now?

I am going to the bazaar.

What will you do tomorrow?

I will visit my relatives.

What do you think will they win the race?

No, they will lose the race.

What is up?
I hurt myself.

Do you need help?

 2
No, thanks I can do it by myself.

Good luck.
All the best.
Best of luck.

Congratulations!
Well done.
I congratulate you on your success!
Thanks or thank you.

Hard luck
Bad luck
Never mind
Take it easy

I whish you many happiness.

I whish you an urgent recovery.

Please accept my condolences.

Have a good trip
Have a good journey.
Have a good voyage

Did you enjoy your trip?

Did you have a good trip?
Did you have a good Eid?
Did you have a good holiday?

Happy Eid!
Happy New Year!
Merry New Year!

Please enjoy yourself!

I hope you enjoy!
Here you are

Grammar:

Simple Past Tense ‫زمان گذشته ساده‬

Structure: ‫ساختمان‬
A. F= S + V2 + Complement.
Q. F= Did + S + V + Complement?
N. F= S + Did + Not + V + Complement.
N.I.F= Did + S + Not + V + Complement?
 3

Ex. I went to a restaurant.

Ex. Did I go to a restaurant?
Ex. I did not go to a restaurant.
Ex. Did I not go to a restaurant?

Usage ‫موارد استعمال‬

I. Simple Past Tense is used to show an action which took place at a
specific time in the past and finished now.
‫که در زمان گذشته در یک وقت معین شروع وختم‬،‫ برای بیان عملی استعمال می گردد‬:‫زمان گذشته ساده‬
.‫شده باشد‬
Note: The simple past tense is usually followed by adverbs of time like: yesterday,
Last week, Last month…. Etc.
‫ و غیره همراهی می‬،‫ ماه گذشته‬،‫ هفته گذشته‬،‫ زمان گذشته ساده معموالً با قیود زمان چون دیروز‬:‫یادداشت‬
.‫شوند‬
Ex. I saw my friend yesterday.
Ex. We moved in this house last year.
Ex. She went home last week.

II. Simple Past Tense is used to ask about past action.

.‫ برای پرسش نمودن عملی در زمان گذشته به کار میرود‬:‫زمان حال گذشته ساده‬
Ex. Where were you yesterday?
Ex. When did you arrive to Kabul?

III. Simple Past Tense can be used with (Always) to show a past habit.
.‫( استعمال گردد‬Always) ‫ برای بیان عادتی در زمان گذشته میتواند با قید‬:‫زمان گذشته ساده‬
Ex. She always talked about herself.
Ex.Obaid always studied in his room.
Regular and Irregular Verbs ‫افعال با قاعده و بی قاعده‬
A verb has three forms ‫و حالت سوم‬،‫ گذشته‬،‫یک فعل سه شکل دارد ساده‬
Simple Past Past participle
See Saw Seen
Talk Talked Talked
Play Played Played

The verbs are divided into two parts in form:

.‫افعال از لحاظ شکل به دودسته تقسیم می شوند‬
I. Regular Verbs.
II. Irregular Verbs.

1. Regular Verbs: ‫افعال با قاعده‬

 4
Regular verbs are those which form their past and past participle by taking (d) or
(ed) at the end of simple form.
‫( در آخر‬ed) ‫( و یا‬d) ‫ آن دسته افعالی هستند که شکل گذشته و حالت سوم خودرا با گرفتن‬:‫افعال با قاعده‬
.‫شکل ساده افعال تشکیل میدهند‬
Simple Past Past participle
Play Played Played
Like Liked Liked
Invite Invited Invited

2. Irregular Verbs: ‫افعال بی قاعده‬

Irregular verbs are those which do not have any special rule to form their past and
past participle.
.‫افعال بی قاعده افعالی هستند که قاعده مشخص برای حالت گذشته و حالت سوم خود ندارند‬
Simple Past Past participle
See Saw Seen
Go Went Gone
Say Said Said
Bite Bit Bitten

Rules of adding (d) or (ed)

(ed) ‫( یا‬d) ‫قواعد اضافه نمودن‬
1. Verbs ending in (e) or double (ee) is only added (d)
.‫) در آنها عالوه می گردد‬d) ‫( ختم شده باشند حرف‬ee) ‫( و یا دبل‬e) ‫افعالیکه به حرف‬
Simple Past Past participle
Injure Injured Injured
Agree Agreed Agreed
2. Verbs ending in (y) following a consonant (Y) is changed into (I) and(ed) is
added.
.‫( اختیار میکند‬ed) ‫( تبدیل شده‬I) ‫( به‬Y) ‫( ختم شده باشند و به تعقیب آن حرف بی صدا باشد‬Y) ‫افعالیکه به‬
Simple Past Past participle
Study Studied Studied
Try Tried Tried

3. Add (ed) at the end of verbs ending in (Y) following a vowel without any
change.
‫( بدون کدام تغیر در اخیر آنها‬ed) ‫( ختم شده اند و قبل از آن حرف صدا دار آمده باشد‬Y) ‫افعالیکه به حرف‬
.‫عالوه میگردد‬
Simple Past Past participle
Pray Prayed Prayed
Play Played Played
Annoy Annoyed Annoyed

4. One syllable regular verbs ending in a consonant following a vowel we double

the last consonant and (ed) is added.
 5
‫ حرف بی‬،‫افعال یک هجائی که به حرف بی صدا ختم شده باشد و به تعقیب آن حرف صدا دار موجود باشد‬
.‫ عالوه میکنیم‬ed ‫صدا را دبل ساخته و‬
Simple Past Past participle
Stop Stopped Stopped
Drop Dropped Dropped

Reflexive Pronouns ‫ضمایر انعکاسی‬

Reflexive Pronouns are those which are used instead of noun and show that
subject and object of the sentence are the same that is the action which reflects from
subject to object and from object to subject.
‫ضمایر انعکاسی آنهائی اند که به جای اسم استعمال شده و نشان میدهند که فاعل و مفعول جمله یکی اند‬
.‫یعنی عملی از فاعل به مفعول و از مفعول به فاعل انعکاس میکند‬

The reflexive Pronouns consist in:

Myself ‫ من خودم‬،‫ شخص خودم‬،‫خودم‬
Yourself ‫ شخص شما‬،‫خود شما‬
Ourselves ‫خود مایان‬
Themselves ‫خود شان‬
Himself )‫ خود او (مرد‬،‫خودش‬
Herself )‫ خود او (زن‬،‫خودش‬
Itself )‫خودش (آن بیجان‬
Ex. I hurt my self.
Ex. He hide Him self.

Emphatic Pronouns
‫ضمایر تاًکیدی‬
Emphasizing Pronouns are those which are used instead of noun and emphasize
on performing of an action.
.‫ضمایر تاًکیدی آنهائی اند که به جای اسم استعمال شده و به انجام یک عمل تاًکید می ورزند‬
The emphasizing pronouns consist in:
Myself ‫ من خودم‬،‫ شخص خودم‬،‫خودم‬
Yourself ‫ شخص شما‬،‫خود شما‬
Ourselves ‫خود مایان‬
Themselves ‫خود شان‬
Himself )‫ خود او (مرد‬،‫خودش‬
Herself )‫ خود او (زن‬،‫خودش‬
Itself )‫خودش (آن بیجان‬

Ex. I my self saw him in the park.

Ex. She herself broke the glass.
 6
Note: When the reflexive and emphasizing pronouns used with
preposition (by) it means by my own self.
.‫( بکار رود تنهائی معنی میدهد‬by) ‫ هنگامیکه ضمایر انعکاسی و تاًکیدی با حرف اضافی‬:‫یادداشت‬
Ex. I did every thing by my self.

Simple Future Tense ‫زمان آینده ساده‬

Structure1: ‫ساختمان‬
A.F= S + Will + V + Complement.
Q.F= Will + S + V + Complement?
N.F= S + Will + Not + V + Complement.
N.I.F= Will + S + Not + V + Complement?

Ex. I shall meet you.

Ex. Shall I meet you?
Ex. I shall not meet you.
Ex. Shall I not meet you?
Ex. We shall come here next week.

Structure: 2
A.F= S + to be + going to + V + Complement.
Q.F= To be + S + going to + V + Complement?
N.F= S + to be + not + going to + V + Complement.
N.I.F=To be + S + Not + going to + V + Complement?

Ex. She is going to visit her mother.

Ex. Is she going to visit her mother?
Ex. She is not going to visit her mother.
Ex. Is she not going to visit her mother?

Note: It is mentionable that the second formula (To be going to) is used informally to
show intention.
.‫(جهت نشاندادن قصد و یا قراراستعمال میگردد‬Tobe going to) ‫قابل ذکر است که فورمول دوم‬
Usage
1. Simple Future Tense is used to show an action which will take place in
a specific time in the future.
‫ برای بیان عملی استعمال می گردد که در یک وقت معین در زمان آینده به اتفاق خواهد‬:‫زمان اینده ساده‬
.‫افتاد‬
Note: Simple future tense is usually used with adverbs of time.
.‫زمان آینده ساده معموال باقیود زمان استعمال می شوند‬
Like: Tomorrow, next week, next month, next year and etc…
Ex. We shall leave here tomorrow.
 ‫‪7‬‬

‫‪Vocabulary‬‬
‫‪No‬‬ ‫‪Word‬‬ ‫‪Meaning‬‬ ‫‪No‬‬ ‫‪Word‬‬ ‫‪Meaning‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪Annoy‬‬ ‫آزرده ساختن‪ ،‬خفه ساختن‬ ‫‪35‬‬ ‫‪Accuse‬‬ ‫متهم کردن‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪Announce‬‬ ‫اعالن کردن‬ ‫‪36‬‬ ‫‪Accusation‬‬ ‫تهمت‪ ،‬اتهام‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪Array‬‬ ‫صف بستن‬ ‫‪37‬‬ ‫‪Accused‬‬ ‫متهم‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪Allow‬‬ ‫اجازه دادن‬ ‫‪38‬‬ ‫‪Arise‬‬ ‫بر خاستن‪ ،‬بلند شدن‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪Ammunition‬‬ ‫تجهیزات جنگی‪،‬مهمات‬ ‫‪39‬‬ ‫‪Annihilate‬‬ ‫از بین بردن‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪Anniversary‬‬ ‫سالگرد‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪Animate‬‬ ‫روح بخشیدن‪ ،‬زنده ساختن‬
‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪Appropriate‬‬ ‫اختصاص دادن‪،‬مناسب‬ ‫‪41‬‬ ‫‪Area‬‬ ‫ساحه‪ ،‬منطقه‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪Anarchy‬‬ ‫هرج ومرج‪ ،‬بی قانونی‬ ‫‪42‬‬ ‫‪Amuse‬‬ ‫سرگرم ساختن‬
‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪Anarchist‬‬ ‫هرج و مرج خواه‬ ‫‪43‬‬ ‫‪Amusement‬‬ ‫سرگرمی‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪Authority‬‬ ‫مقام‬ ‫‪44‬‬ ‫‪Accept‬‬ ‫قبول کردن‬
‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪Approve‬‬ ‫تصویب کردن‬ ‫‪45‬‬ ‫‪Access‬‬ ‫دسترسی‬
‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪Ability‬‬ ‫توانایی‪،‬شایستگی‬ ‫‪46‬‬ ‫‪Alien‬‬ ‫بیگانه‬
‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪Abnormal‬‬ ‫غیر عادی‬ ‫‪47‬‬ ‫‪Address‬‬ ‫آدرس‪،‬خطاب کردن‬
‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪Absolve‬‬ ‫بخشیدن‬ ‫‪48‬‬ ‫‪Administrate‬‬ ‫اداره کردن‬
‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪Accommodate‬‬ ‫تطبیق کردن‬ ‫‪49‬‬ ‫‪Administration‬‬ ‫اداره‬
‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪Ambush‬‬ ‫کمین‪،‬کمین کردن‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪Adversity‬‬ ‫بدبختی‬
‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪Ancestor‬‬ ‫اجداد‪ ،‬نیاکان‬ ‫‪51‬‬ ‫‪Agricultural‬‬ ‫زراعتی‬
‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪Angel‬‬ ‫فرشته‬ ‫‪52‬‬ ‫‪َAlmighty‬‬ ‫قادر‪،‬توانا‬
‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪Asian‬‬ ‫آسیایی‬ ‫‪53‬‬ ‫‪Ally‬‬ ‫متحد شدن‬
‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪Admire‬‬ ‫توصیف کردن‬ ‫‪54‬‬ ‫‪Almshouse‬‬ ‫دارالمساکین‬
‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪Ballot‬‬ ‫ورقه رأی‬ ‫‪55‬‬ ‫‪Agriculture‬‬ ‫زراعت‬
‫‪22‬‬ ‫‪Ballot box‬‬ ‫صندوق رأی دهی‬ ‫‪56‬‬ ‫‪Banner‬‬ ‫بیرق‬
‫‪23‬‬ ‫‪Barber‬‬ ‫سلمان‬ ‫‪57‬‬ ‫‪Burst‬‬ ‫انفجار کردن‬
‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪Blind‬‬ ‫کور‪،‬نابینا‬ ‫‪58‬‬ ‫‪Confess‬‬ ‫اقرار کردن‬
‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪Barrack‬‬ ‫سرباز خانه‬ ‫‪59‬‬ ‫‪Certify‬‬ ‫تصدیق کردن‬
‫‪26‬‬ ‫‪Broadcast‬‬ ‫نشرکردن‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪Combat‬‬ ‫مبارزه کردن‬
‫‪27‬‬ ‫‪Blare‬‬ ‫جار زدن‬ ‫‪61‬‬ ‫‪Combatant‬‬ ‫مبارز‬
‫‪28‬‬ ‫‪Bonus‬‬ ‫انعام‬ ‫‪62‬‬ ‫‪Capacity‬‬ ‫ظرفیت‪ ،‬گنجایش‬
‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪Bribe‬‬ ‫رشوت‪ ،‬رشوت دادن‬ ‫‪63‬‬ ‫‪Catch‬‬ ‫گرفتن‪ ،‬بدست آوردن‬
‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪Broker‬‬ ‫دالل‬ ‫‪64‬‬ ‫‪Celebrate‬‬ ‫تجلیل کردن‬
‫‪31‬‬ ‫‪Compatriot‬‬ ‫هموطن‬ ‫‪65‬‬ ‫‪Commentator‬‬ ‫صاحب نظر‬
‫‪32‬‬ ‫‪Confront‬‬ ‫روبروشدن‬ ‫‪66‬‬ ‫‪Centralize‬‬ ‫متمرکز ساختن‬
‫‪33‬‬ ‫‪Convenient‬‬ ‫راحت‪ ،‬مناسب‬ ‫‪67‬‬ ‫‪Cowboy‬‬ ‫چوپان‬
‫‪34‬‬ ‫‪Cheat‬‬ ‫نقل کردن‪،‬فریب دادن‬ ‫‪68‬‬ ‫‪Conquer‬‬ ‫فتح کردن‬
‫‪69‬‬ ‫‪Chemical‬‬ ‫کیمیایی‬ ‫‪77‬‬ ‫‪Controller‬‬ ‫کنترول کننده‬
‫‪70‬‬ ‫‪Confident‬‬ ‫مطمئن‬ ‫‪78‬‬ ‫‪Content‬‬ ‫قناعت دادن‬
 8
71 Confidence ‫اطمینان‬ 79 Contentment ‫قناعت‬
72 Court ‫محکمه‬ 80 Cookie ‫کلچه‬
73 Captive ‫اسیر‬ 81 Corona ‫تاج‬
74 Captivate ‫اسیر کردن‬ 82 Cough ‫سرفه کردن‬،‫سرفه‬
75 Captivity ‫اسارت‬ 83 Corps ‫هیئت‬
76 Conspiracy ‫ دسیسه‬،‫توطعه‬ 84 Correspondent ‫خبرنگار‬

Irregular Verbs
No Simple Form Past Form Past Participle Form
1 Abide Abode/Abided Abode/Abided
2 Arise Arose Arisen
3 Awake Awoke/Awaked Awoken/Awaked
4 Be Was/were Been
5 Beat Beat Beaten/beat
6 Become Became Become
7 Befall Befell Befallen
8 Begin Began Begun
9 Bend Bent Bent
10 Bereave Bereaved/bereft Bereaved/bereft
11 Bleed Bled Bled
12 Blow Blew Blown
13 Bite Bit Bitten/bit
14 Break Broke Broken
15 Bring Brought Brought
16 Broadcast Broadcast Broadcast
17 Build Built Built
18 Burst Burst Burst
19 Buy Bought Bought
20 Catch Caught Caught
21 Chide Chide/Chided Chidden/Chided
22 Choose Chose Chosen
23 Come Came Come
 9
24 Cost Cost Cost
25 Creep Crept Crept
26 Crow Crowed/Crew Crowed
27 Cut Cut Cut
28 Pay Paid Paid
29 put Put put
30 Read Read Read
31 Ride Rode Ridden
32 Ring Rang/Rung Rung
33 Rise Rose Risen
34 See Saw Seen
35 Say Said Said
36 Seek Sought Sought
37 Sell Sold Sold
38 Send Sent Sent
39 Set Set Set
40 Sew Sewed Sewed/Sewn
41 Shake Shook Shaken
42 Shall Should Should
43 Shoot Shot Shot
44 Shine Shone Shone
45 Show Showed shown
46 Shrink Shrunk Shrunk
47 Shut Shut Shut
48 Sing Sang/Sung Sung
49 Sink Sank Sunk
50 Sit Sat Sat
51 Slay Slew Slain
52 Sleep Slept Slept
53 Sling Slung Slung
54 Sink Sank Sunk
55 Slit Slit Slit
56 Smell Smelled Smelt
57 Smite Smote Smitten
58 Speak Spoke Spoken
59 Deal Dealt Dealt
60 Dig Dug Dug
61 Do Did Done
62 Draw Drew Drawn
63 Dream Dreamed Dreamt
 10
64 Drink Drank Drunk
65 Drive Drove Driven
66 Eat Ate Eaten
67 Fall Fell Fallen
68 Feed Fed Fed
69 Feel Felt Felt
70 Fight Fought Fought
71 Find Found Found
72 Flee Fled Fled
73 Fling Flung Flung
74 Fly Flew Flown
75 Forbid Forbade Forbidden
76 Forbear Forbore Forborne
77 Forget Forgot Forgotten
78 Forsake Forsook Forsaken
79 Freeze Froze Frozen
80 Get Got Got/Gotten
81 Give Gave Given
82 Go Went Gone
83 Grow Grew Grown
84 Have Had Had
85 Hear Heard Heard
86 Hide Hid Hidden
87 Hit Hit Hit
88 Hold Held Held
89 Hew Hewed Hewn
90 Keep Kept Kept
91 Kneel Knelt Knelt
92 Knit Knit Knit

Extra Words
Relatives
No Word Meaning No Word Meaning
1 Relatives ‫ اقارب‬24 Sister in law ‫خیاشنه‬
2 Parents ‫ والدین‬25 Brother in law ‫خسر بره‬
 11
3 Father ‫پدر‬ 26 Son law ‫داماد‬
4 Mother ‫مادر‬ 27 Daughter in law ‫سنو‬
5 Brother ‫برادر‬ 28 Grandchild ‫نواسه‬
6 Sister ‫خواهر‬ 29 Grandson ‫نواسه بچگی‬
7 Son ‫پسر‬ 30 Granddaughter ‫نواسه دختری‬
8 Daughter ‫دختر‬ 31 Stepson ‫بچه اندر‬
9 Uncle ‫کاکا‬ 32 Stepdaughter ‫دختر اندر‬
10 Aunt ‫عمه‬ 33 Stepbrother ‫برادر اندر‬
11 Cousin ‫بچه عمه‬/‫بچه خاله‬/‫بچه کاکا‬ 34 Stepsister ‫خواهر اندر‬
12 Nephew ‫برادر زاده مذکر‬/‫خواهر زاده‬ 35 Step wife ‫انباق‬
13 Niece ‫برادر زهزاده مونث‬/‫خواهرزاده‬ 36 Husband ‫شوهر‬
14 Grandfather ‫پدر کالن‬ 37 Bride ‫عروس‬
15 Grandmother ‫مادر کاالن‬ 38 Groom ‫شاه‬
16 Godfather ‫پدر خوانده‬ 39 Fiance ‫نامزاد مذکر‬
17 Godmother ‫مادر خوانده‬ 40 Fiances ‫نامزاد مونث‬
18 God brother ‫برادر خوانده‬ 41 Foster mother ‫مادر رضایی‬
19 God sister ‫خواهر خوانده‬ 42 Foster brother ‫برادر رضایی‬
20 Godson ‫پسر خوانده‬ 43 Foster sister ‫خواهر رضایی‬
21 God daughter ‫دختر خوانده‬ 44 Friend ‫رفیق‬/‫دوست‬
22 Father In law ‫خسر‬ 45 Uncle ‫ماما‬/‫کاکا‬
23 Mother in law ‫خشو‬ 46 Aunt ‫عمه‬/‫خاله‬
Cloths
No Word Meaning No Word Meaning
1 Button ‫دکمه‬ 8 Drawers ‫راوک‬
2 Shawl ‫دستمال گردن‬،‫شال‬ 9 Necklace ‫گلو بند‬
3 Frock ‫پیش بند‬ 10 Turban ‫دستار‬
4 Sneaker ‫شین کاک‬ 11 Bracelet ‫دستبند‬
5 Shoe ‫بوت‬ 12 Ring ‫انگشتر‬
6 Cuff ‫پاچه‬ 13 Earring ‫گوش واره‬
7 Glass ‫شیشه‬ 14 Pants ‫پتلون‬
15 Underwear ‫زیر پوشی‬ 29 Coat ‫کورتی‬
16 Undershirt ‫زیر پیراهنی‬ 30 Overcoat ‫چپن‬/‫باال پوش‬
17 Stocking ‫جوراب زنانه‬ 31 Waistcoat ‫واسکت‬
18 Sock ‫جوراب‬ 32 Raincoat ‫کورتی بارانی‬
19 Scarf ‫دسمال گردن‬ 33 Shirt ‫یخن قاق‬
20 Sweater ‫جاکت‬ 34 Jumper ‫جمپر‬
21 Tie ‫نیک تایی‬ 35 T-shirt ‫بلوس‬
22 Hat ‫کال شبوع‬ 36 Suit ‫دریشی‬
23 Cap ‫کال پیک دار‬ 37 Babooch ‫سرپا یی‬
24 Skullcap ‫کال جالی باف‬ 38 Zip ‫زنجیرک‬
 12
25 Shoelace ‫بند بوت‬ 39 Belt ‫کمر بند‬
26 Veil ‫چادر‬ 40 Blanket ‫پتو‬،‫کمپل‬
27 Towel ‫روی کاغذی‬ 41 Sleeve ‫آستین‬
28 Napkin ‫سفره‬ 42 Pocket ‫جیب‬