Final Project Final

Acknowledgement
First of all, I would like to thank God for everything he has done for me till this day and
forward. Next I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Addis Ababa institute of
technology department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering who gave me the golden
opportunity to this internship program so that I could gain practical skills and hence
strengthen my theoretical skills. I had a blast during the program and had a very priceless
experience which helped me to build the foundation of my future, and also my special thanks
goes to MOHA Soft Drink Company S.C for their genuine hospitability and continued effort
to educate, supervise and foster my technical and professional skills throughout the whole
internship program.
I
ADDIS ABABA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Executive summary
This report is written to illustrate an internship experience of one student hosted by summit
MOHA Soft Drink S.C and project done during this period. It mainly discusses about the
internship hosting company history and background, practical and theoretical knowledge
gained while working on the production line and technical division of the company and the
project done. Besides not only it explains about the knowledge gained but also it discusses
about the experience gained while working with other new workmates from other schools.
And finally it states some recommendations for both MOHA Soft Drink Company and my
school Addis Ababa university institute of technology.
II
CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................................... １
Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... １
1.1 Aim .......................................................................................................................................... １
1.2 Purpose ................................................................................................................................... １
1.3 Research method .................................................................................................................... １
CHAPTER TWO ...................................................................................................................................... ２
2.3 Objective of the company ....................................................................................................... ３
2.4 Vision of the company ............................................................................................................ ４
2.5 Mission of the company .......................................................................................................... ４
2.6 Organizational chart................................................................................................................ ４
CHAPTER THREE .................................................................................................................................... ８
3 THE OVERALL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE ............................................................................................ ８
How I got in to the company................................................................................................................. ８
3.2 Production flow ....................................................................................................................... ８
3.3 Good manufacturing practice in food and beverage production industries .......................... ９
3.9 Water treatment room ....................................................................................................... １０
3.5 Cooling Room ...................................................................................................................... １２
3.6 Air Compressor.................................................................................................................... １５
3.7 Steam Boiler ........................................................................................................................ １５
CHAPTER FOUR ................................................................................................................................. １０
Overall benefits gained from the internship .................................................................................. １０
4.1 Practical skills ...................................................................................................................... １０
4.2 Theoretical skills .................................................................................................................. １０
4.3 Interpersonal communication skills .................................................................................... １０
4.4 Work ethics ......................................................................................................................... １１
CHAPTER FIVE ................................................................................................................................... １２
III
Abstract of the project ...................................................................................................................... １２
5.1.1 objective of the project ........................................................................................................ １２
5.1.2 Feasibility ............................................................................................................................. １３
5.2.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... １３
Advantages:............................................................................................................................... １４
Design............................................................................................................................................ １５
5.3.1 Details sizing of the equipment Motor ............................................................................ １５
5.3.2 Details of the production capacity of the whole system ................................................. １５
5.3.3 Detail design and description of the project.................................................................... １６
5.4.1 Result and Discussion........................................................................................................... ３３
5.4.1.1 Results ........................................................................................................................... ３３
5.4.1.2 Discussion...................................................................................................................... ３３
5.4.2 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ ３４
5.4.3 Recommendation................................................................................................................. ３４
CHAPTER SIX...................................................................................................................................... ３５
Conclusion and recommendation .................................................................................................. ３５
6.1 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... ３５
6.2 Recommendation ................................................................................................................ ３５
6.2.1 Recommendation for MOHA soft drink ........................................................................... ３５
REFERENCE ........................................................................................................................................ ３７
WWW (World Wide Websites) ..................................................................................................... ３７
Appendix ........................................................................................................................................... ３８
IV
List of figure
Figure 1 Organizational flow chart........................................................................................................ 6
Figure2Production flow diagram .............................................................................................................9
Figure 3 Bottle washer flow diagram.....................................................................................................12
Figure 4 cooling .................................................................................................................................... 14
Figure 5 Cooling compressor................................................................................................................. 14
Figure 6 Cooling tower operation ..........................................................................................................14
Figure7 Condenser and Evaporator .......................................................................................................16
Figure 8 Boiler .......................................................................................................................................17
Figure 9 Water treatment flow diagram .................................................................................................19
Figure10 Bottle un-packer .....................................................................................................................22
List of table
Table1 Raw materials of the company ...................................................................................................10
III
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
This paper is written as final report to be presented to Addis Ababa University
Institute of technology Mechanical and industrial Engineering department as an
internship fulfillment. It covers the overall more than two months’ internship
experience. It discusses about the company structure, the production line, and the
benefits gained.
1.1 Aim
This report will clearly discuss about two months of internship experience at
MOHA Soft Drink S.C summit branch. It will discuss about the company structure,
motto, operational principles of different machines used in production line.
1.2 Purpose
This paper is written as final report to be presented to Addis Ababa University
Institute of Mechanical and industrial Engineering department as an internship
fulfillment. It covers the overall two months internship experience.
1.3 Research method

The information is gathered using different primary and secondary resources.
 Primary resource – Interviewing technicians working on production line

and physical observations
 Secondary resource – reading manuals and surfing the internet
１
CHAPTER TWO
2.1 History and organization structure of the company
2.1.1 Brief history of company
Pepsi cola traces its origins to 1898 when Caleb Brad ham, a pharmacist in New Bern, North
caroling, created a curative drink for dyspepsia called Pepsi cola – Pepsi cola later referred to
simply as Pepsi was a mixture of carbonated water, sugar cane syrup and an extract from
tropical Kola nuts. To sell this product, Brad ham formed the Pepsi cola company in 1903.
Mohammed Hussein AL-Amoudi (MOHA) soft drinks industry S.C was formed and
registered under the commercial code of Ethiopia on the 15th of May 1996. This company
was formed after the acquisition of four Pepsi cola plant located at Addis Ababa (Nefas silk
T/Haimanot, and Summit), Gondar and Dessie which were purchased by sheik Mohammed
Hussein AL-Amoudin on the 18th of the January
2.1.2 When did Pepsi cola start in Ethiopia?
Nefas silk Pepsi Cola was the first Pepsi Cola Plant in Ethiopia and was established
in 1966 as Share Company with an initial capital of 1 million birr (1,000,000). The
capacity of bottling line at time was 20,000 bottles per hour (BPH). In 1986, the
plan was renovated and expanded to a capacity of 50,000 BPH with twin fillers.
Total renovation and expansion investment cost was birr 6,647,944.00. Summit
Pepsi Cola Plant was established in 1961 as “Saba Tej” Share Company but
nationalized in 1975 replacing the old line and started producing Pepsi cola,
Miranda and team brands in January 1978.
Gondar Pepsi Cola Plant, before nationalization, was owned by private individuals,
produced Wilk-Fite water. After nationalization took place it started producing
Snap Cola and Snap Orange. Since the demand of these products was going down
the Ethiopian Beverage Corporation made a new feasibility study on Pepsi Cola
product which got the blessing of the government to erect the currently operating
plant in 1986.
２
Dessie Plant, Dessie Soda Industry was established in 1952 by an individual owner.
In 1979, the plant discontinued other Soda products and started producing Pepsi
Cola, Mirinda brand and Carbonated Tosa Water.
However, due to old age and poor technical condition of machinery and equipment
the production of soft drinks were discontinued starting from October 1966 and the
Plant totally shifted to bottling of carbonated Tossa water. In the meantime
MOHA has set a crush program to rehabilitate or relocate the existing factory so as
to reactivate the soft drinks production as well as increase volume of the mineral
water product to a level where we can meet the demand of both products in the
region.
2.3 Objective of the company

The business purpose of MOHA soft drink Industry S.C as stipulated in the
memorandum of Association is:
 To manufacture, buy, sell, bottle distribute and otherwise deal in

nonalcoholic beverages, mineral and aerated waters and the ingredients
thereof in Ethiopia and elsewhere.
 To manufacture, sell and distribute bottles, corks, corkscrews and all type
of crates.
 To manufacture sell and distribute carbon dioxide.
 To invest in other business enterprises, to establish and manage in Ethiopia

or abroad, such subsidiaries, branches or agencies as maybe deemed
desirable.
 And generally, to carry on and engage in other activities which the
company may deem necessary incidental or related to the attainment of any
of the above purposes.
３
2.4 Vision of the company

MOHA Soft Drinks Industry S.C. Summit’s vision is to make each of their
products to be a drink of first choice among consumers and obtainable throughout
the Ethiopia market.
They intended to create superior value for their shareholders, their customers, and
employees.
2.5 Mission of the company

The mission statement of the company is to be the best soft drink industry in the
country. They will continue improve their responsiveness to the needs and
concerns of customers, employees, partners, and the communities in which they
serve. This will be accomplished through the continuous development of their
employees, an emphasis on cost efficiency, market expansion, and profitability.
They will expand their expanding marketing area to protect and improve their
position by placing emphasis on innovation and technological improvement to
always keep ahead of the competition.
2.6 Organizational chart

The total number of employees when this information was printed was 603 which
is on March, 2021
４
.7 Products of the company
The products of the company are:
1. Mirinda (orange flavor)

2. Mirinda Tonic
3. Mirinda apple
4. 7up (lemon flavor)
5. Pepsi cola (cola flavor)
6. Mirinda Apple
５
2.8 Raw materials of the company
The raw materials of the company come from different local and international
sources. Table 2.1 will show the raw materials required by the company, the
suppliers and the units clearly.
No Raw material Supplier of the Unit

company
Water Addis Ababa Water and Liters (Lt)
1 Sewerage Authority
2 Sugar Sugar Corporation Quintal (Qt)
(Wangi)
3 Pepsi concentrate
7-up concentrate
M-orange concentrate
M-Apple concentrate Pepsi cola
international Unit
M-tonic concentrate
4 Calcium hypochlorite Dera trading plc. Kg
5 DIVOLE Hal dag Kg
6 Caustic Flakes Dera trading plc Kg
7 Filter sheet syrup Nurit Pcs
8 C02 gas SUMMIT MOHA S.C Kg
9 Largo simple Rape omo plant Kg
10 DIVO AI Hal dag Kg
６
11 Common salt Mewit Kg
12 Crown cork Pepsi

Crown cork 7-up
Crown cork M-orange Ethiopian cork factory Gs’
Crown cork M-tonic
Crown cork M-apple
13 Chain Lubricant Bekas and Hal dag Kg
14 Fortier G Hal dag Kg
15 Caustic additive Zeway caustic soda Kg

plant
16 Caustic liquid Hal dag Kg
17 Eve rite Hal dag Kg
Table 1Raw materials of the company
Customer or end user of the company

Major Distribution center are Hotels ,Restaurants ,institution and Super market
Around Addis Ababa
Nekemt (Welega)
All over the areas of the country
７
CHAPTER THREE
3.1 THE OVERALL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE

How I got in to the company
After my application got accepted, I went to MOHA Soft Drink Company on December 21,
2020 to start working. But I had to get acceptance and fulfill the dressing code of the
company so I fixed those issues on the other day then I take short training on Hazard Analysis
Critical Control Point (HACCP) and started working. The stuff and technicians welcomed me
and it felt like I knew them before. I visited the production line and the workshop and the
store.
I am very lucky working as an intern in this company because most of the machines
are full Electromechanical device.
3.2 Production flow
Figure 2Production flow diagram
８
Legend
1 Delivery of returnable bottles 9 Pallet loading
2 bottle un-packer 10 Case inspection
3 Visual inspection of dirty bottles 11Water treatment
4 Bottle washing 12 Refrigeration
5 Empty bottle inspection 13 Proportionate
6 Bottle filling 14 Carbonation
7 Bottle crowning 15 Syrup preparation

8 bottle packing
3.3 Good manufacturing practice in food and beverage production industries

 Hair should be restrained and beard bibs should be worn
 No candy or chewing gum
 No eating food
 No use of any TOBACCO products
 No drinking (except designated area)
 No dangling jewelry
 Rings are limited to smooth-type design
 No exposed open sores/infected cuts
 Employees are free of infectious diseases which are

recognized as transmissible through food processing
 No personal belongings at work-station
 Clean uniforms
 Wash hands anytime they become soiled after performing

maintenance activities or breaks
 Safety glasses should be worn
 Hearing protection should be worn
９
3.2 The section I have been working

The working section is known as production line and I have worked in it with Technical division,
both Mechanical and Electrical section that I have been entered. The first place I was entered in
the production department to practice in the Internship program. The production room of the
company held different production section where different operational procedure is made by each
section. Such as:-
 Water treatment room
 Cooling room
 Air compression room
 Steam formation and boiling room
 Sugar and syrup preparation room

 Carbon dioxide production room
3.9 Water treatment room

Water treatment room is where we treat the water with different methods.
 The figure below shows the flow of water treatment from beginning to final
clean water.
Figure 9Water treatment flow diagram
１０
MOHA Soft Drink Company gets it water source from Addis Ababa water and
sewerage authority and from underwater. The water we get from both sources will
be sent out to a reservoir tanker using impeller pump and submersible pump.
Submersible pump is used for pumping out and sending the underground water to
the reservoir.
Impeller pump is driven by electricity (3phase star or delta connected). It has

impeller and fan mounted on a solid shaft. The shaft is the rotating member which
will be inserted in an electric coil. When the electric coil is energized magnetic
field will be created thus rotating the shaft. The fan is used to cool the pump when
working.
How is the water treated?
 Unclean water will come to the first tank. This tank has sand inside. It is
used in removing unwanted physical materials. The sand filter has three
layers, large size on the bottom medium size on middle and relatively
smaller on the top portion. The incoming water will be mixed with Iron
sulfate and send out to the next stage which is intermediate tank 1 and
intermediate tank 2.
 The second and third tank (Intermediate tank and Intermediate tank 2) will
serve the same purpose; the water treated from the first tank will pass to
these two tanks. Chlorine is added in both tanks to clean the bacteria.
 The fourth tank is carbon tank. Carbon tank is used to separate the chlorine
from water using the carbon inside it. And chlorine free water will be
sending out to the next stage.
 The fifth stage is polisher 1, which will be used to separate some unwanted
material in the water.
 The sixth stage involves membrane. Membrane will again further separate
unwanted material then it will be sent out to the product tank.
 The seventh stage is product tank here chlorine will be added to the
incoming water then, will be send out to the next stage which is carbon
tank.
１１
 The eighth stage is carbon tank, where carbon is used to filter the water
from chlorine then it will be sent out to the polisher.
 The ninth stage is polisher 2, where it traps dust particles if there is any.
Polisher 1 and polisher 2 do have different purpose. Polisher 1 traps
unwanted material inside the water while polisher 2 takes out dust particle
if any. Then the final treatment is, critical control point C.C.P is used to
treat water with UV ray. The output we get from this whole process is
totally clean and chlorine free. It will be send out to the para mix to get
mixed with syrup and other additives to be filled in the filler machine to fill
the bottles and to be used in cleaning bottles when bottles are broken inside
the filler.
3.5 Cooling Room

Cooler is used for cooling purpose. Hansa chiller is used by MOHA soft drink Company as
cooling machine. The chiller or the cooling system of the plant consists of components where
the actions take place such as compressor, condenser, evaporator expansion valve, oil separator,
heat exchanges and intermediate tank. Hansa chiller is used to drop the temperature of glycol.
Ammonia gas (NH3) is used as refrigerant or working medium. Gas is used instead
of liquid because liquids have tendency of creating Knock/Hammering because
liquids are incompressible. Ammonia gas has low specific volume, high
refrigerating effect, low piston displacement in case of reciprocating compressors
make it an ideal refrigerant for cold storage’s, ice plant, packing plant…etc.
How it works?
 First Ammonia at low and pressure is allowed to go to the compressor

which is W type engine with pistons inside. As it leaves the compressor its
pressure and T will rise. The flow is shown in the figure below.
Ammonia with low T and Ammonia with high T and

pressure pressure
COMPRESSOR
Figure 5 Cooling compressor
１２
 Ammonia is then allowed to go to the condenser. Condenser simply means

heat-exchanger, where gas is changed to liquid.
Figure 6 cooling tower operations
 Ammonia (NH3) at high Temperature and pressure is allowed to pass

through the heat exchanger tube as it travels the way; water is pumped from
the bottom container and allowed to splash in to the honey cup. The honey
cup is used to enhance the water splash on the ammonia tube well (it is like
a shower). This process will make the ammonia to decrease in temperature
and pressure. It is then allowed to go out.
Since, the water exchanges heat with ammonia its temperature will raise. So
water is air-cooled using the fan mounted on the side. This process will
recycle.
The ammonia after going out is allowed to pass through Low pressure
valve/Throttle valve/Expansion valve (all three implies same name). This
process will again drop the temperature of ammonia because as pressure
and area are inversely related P = and pressure and temperature are
１３
directly related and it will also regulate the refrigerant flow rate required in
the evaporator.
The next stage is the cold ammonia will move to the condenser separator
and evaporator.
Figure 7, Condenser and Evaporator
 Ammonia with low temperature and pressure is allowed to pass to the

condenser separator. Here we still have some steam left. But due to density
difference the liquid ammonia which is denser will move down to the
evaporator while the gas part is on the condenser separator.
 Evaporator is a device where cold ammonia and the hot glycol will
exchange temperature. The temperature of ammonia will rise and the
temperature of glycol will decrease which is the final and ultimate goal of
these all processes. The hot ammonia then will re-circulate and move to the
１４
compressor and the cold glycol is used to cool the soft drinks before going
to the filler.
3.6 Air Compressor

Compressor is a device used for compressing air to higher pressure and sending it
to different pneumatic devices like bottle packer and un-packer. The working
pressure ranges from 6.8 to 7.6 bar.
MOHA soft drink has two compressors. One is piston type and the other is screw
type. They both serve the same purpose but the screw type is noise less and oil free
which is better because using oil as lubrication in food factories is not encouraged
just in case it leak’s out. There are three reservoir tanks connected in parallel which
means we have same incoming pressure to all three tanks then distributed to where
it is necessary.
3.7 Steam Boiler
Figure 8 Boiler
１５
Boiler as shown in the above figure, it is a machine whose function is boiling water
and changing it into steam where this converted steam is used in washer, sugar
dissolver.
Boiler is a closed pressure vessel made of steel or alloy steel. It consists a seamless
pipe or black iron pipe inside for carrying water. Water has to be present in this
pipe, if not there is a water level sensor which senses the water level and if lowered
it will pump water from a reservoir. A device called burner is used for creating fire
inside. In order for ignition to occur a fuel and air is necessary. So, furnace is used
as a fuel and is pumped from it reservoir to the burner. And since furnace is thick
and viscous substance electric resistor is used to heat it up lowering its viscosity.
The burner has a fan for sucking air so with some timing it will create spark using
spark ignition system with 10,000v electricity, suck the air using the fan and pump
the fuel so that ignition will occur.
After steam has been created it will be sent out to where it is required.
3.2.7 Some materials that are used in the company
To produce the product of MOHA soft drink company, the company uses the following Materials
and machineries that are used in the preparation of the products of the
Company was shown below:-
 Conveyor  Crowner
 Washer  Date Coder
 Mixer  Packer
 Filler
１６
ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSTY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Conveyor
A system transports materials from one place to another or a continuous moving band of fabric,
rubber, or metal used for transporting objects from one place to another. Conveyor systems are used
widespread across a range of industries.
Conveyor systems allow quick and efficient transportation for a wide variety of materials, which
make them very popular in the material handling and packaging industries. Many kinds of conveying
systems are available, and are used according to the various needs of different industries.
In MOHA soft drink conveyor chains are made up of stainless steel slide along plastic wear strips
which have an advantage of

 No corrosion
 Long service life
 Low friction coefficient
 High tensile strength
 Low noise

The working of the conveyor system is controlled automatically by a PLC (Programmable logic
control) system. Different proximity sensors (photoelectric sensors and capacitive sensors) are
mounted along the conveyor to ensure equal spacing of the conveyed material (crates and bottles)
and maintain appropriate feeding of the material. 
All the chain conveyors are operated by induction motor drives from SEW-EURODRIVE,
a German company. The drives of the conveyor are mounted to the head/drive shaft at the
discharge side. Both the drive and idler side shafts are mounted by grease lubricated ball
bearings.
２
Washer
The washer is a machine that is used to clean the returned bottles and the cases from
customers. There are two washers, the bottle washer and the case washer each
working with different mechanism and its own principle.
Bottle washer
KHS Innoclean DM is the brand used by MOHA Soft Drink Company for washing
returned bottles. It has a capacity of washing 28,000 B.P.H.
The bottles will come to its inlet through chain conveyor and will be fed to its
carriage. Carriage looks like a horizontal slot which is used for holding and moving
the bottles through the washer. It is in turn driven by the seven gearboxes mounted to
it. There are about 550 carriages and one carriage can take 33 bottles at once.
As the carriage moves, it will pass different stages of cleaning regions. Figure 3.2
clearly shows the flow.
３
bottl
inle
bottl
outl
(1 -
heating
1
(8 (2 -
wat heating
2
(3
soda
(7 3
(6 2 (4
soda
(5 1
Figure 3 Bottle washer flow diagram
 Pre heating 1- this is the first region of the washer where the bottle is cleaned
with rotating spray jet water. The water is pumped from its container to
circulate back that it saves water and cost of water treatment
 Pre heating 2 – this is the second stage of the washer with same function and
operation as pre heating tank 1
 Caustic soda tank 1- this is the third stage where bottles will stay sometime in
the tank and caustic soda will be used as detergent
 Caustic soda tank 2- this fourth stage
 Zone 1 – jet stream water is used in this stage as spray
 Zone 2 – jet stream water is used in this stage as spray
 Zone 3 – similar to caustic tank but water is used instead
４
 Fresh water – at this final stage of cleaning the bottle will be cleaned with
fresh water. We have no container like the previous stages; the water at this
stage comes directly from water treatment room.
The bottle washer has two external parts: The right side is the pump side and the left
side is the gearbox side. As the name implies we have different dosing pumps on the
right used for pumping different chemicals to the washer. And the gear boxes are
reduction type which they have worm gears and helical spur gear inside; they are used
in decreasing the incoming speed of the electric motor.
Case washer
Case washer is a machine used to clean the bottle case. The case washer doesn’t involve such
long process as the bottle washer. Water and caustic soda is used to clean the case washer. The
working temperature goes to 60 .
.
Mixer
The process of making soft drinks in the company includes three tanks namely; water tank, syrup
tank and final product tank (buffer tank).The process starts by pump purified water from water
room. In the water tank there is a system which separates the water from other gases and
eliminated by the help of vacuum pump motor which is essential to keep the product from
contamination and reproduction of microorganisms. Then the water goes to mixer pump. The
mixing pump is an induction motor with two in late and one out late which mix the syrup with
water. The water and syrup are carefully combined by sophisticated machines, called
proportions, which regulate the flow rate and ratio of the liquids in addition to that there is also a
dosing pump which helps check the proper balance. The vessels are pressurized with carbon
dioxide to prevent aeration of the mixture. The rate of proportionally of water and syrup is 1:5
respectively. After it mix the product should be cool to be carbonated. The cooling system at this
stage is between glycol and the beverage. It cools the beverage by conduction heat transfer. After
the beverage cooled it mix with carbon dioxide.
Filler
５
Filler is one part of the production. It serves filling bottles and closing with crowner. It can hold
66 bottles per one cycle or it has 66 cylinders that are used to fill bottles with soft drinks in
successive system and have the capacity of producing 24,000 filled bottles per hour. To undergo
this process it has four steps after the bottles are entered to the filler by in feed star and compact
by compact rubber. These are
1. Evacuation - the air is evacuated from the bottle and then rinsing by and undergoes final
evacuation.
2. Pressurizing - the air valve will be open for short time and allow enter to the bottle by
using vent tube .in this case the air valve is open in two ways, for KRONES it open by
pneumatic system but for KHS it open by cam.
3. Filling - the beverage from ring bowl start enter to the bottle by showering the spreader it falls
down on the inside wall of the bottle. While the beverage enters to the bottle on same time the
gas will start return to the ring bowl.
4. Snifting - the container pressure will be equal to atmospheric pressure at this moment the
production valve will be closed. And by central star it will send the bottle to crowner.
Filler has three inputs:
 Washed and dried bottles from washer
 Liquid to be filled from the paramix
 Cork for closing the bottles from crower
The overall activity of the machine is controlled by the programmable logic

controller with the help of electronic sensors and actuators installed on the
machine. The major sensors installed on the machine are:
 Bottle release /block sensor

 Bottle presence sensor
 Bottle broken sensor
 Crown Sensor
 Tank Level Transmitter
６
 Actuators
 VFD (Variable frequency drive)
 Product inlet Valve tank.
 Bottle filling valve
It has also set of spur gears inside it for adjusting the speed. Sometimes bottles will explode
because they cannot withstand the gas pressure then the filler will automatically reject 8 bottles
either unfilled or with no cork to avoid if any cracks are present inside.
Crowner
First the cork is supplied to the hopper, this is done by a magnetic system and it is controlled by
the sensor that detect the amount of cork in the hopper, if there are too many crowns in the
hopper, the sensor shuts off the flow.
There are processes to feed the cork to the final stage of crowning.
 First cork is transported to the agitator through the hole and this is done by the vibrating
motion.
 After the cork feed to the agitator the cork is guided outwards via the rotary sorting disk
by the agitator blade and there are agitator hooks to release any crowns which are
jammed.
 The crowns exit the sorter and fed into the top closure chute then to the twist tube and
then to the bottom closure chute.
 Sterile air is used for blowing off dust and feeding the closures to the crown transfer
plate. Before this there is a turner tube to turn the cork in to the same face.
 There is bottom crown stopper that enables the path for the closures to the transfer plate
synchronous to the bottle present signal.
 The closures are transferred from the closure chute to the sealing heads via the crown
transfer plate.
 After the transferred segment amagnetic is used for its further guidance. A pushing cam is
used to position the crown on the ejector plunger of the crowning head. The sealing head
７
is lowered until the crown in the crowning throat is placed onto the bottle. The bottle then
holds it in place.
 Afterwards, only the crowning throat is further lowered and seals the bottle then the
crowning throat raised again.
How to control the crowning
 A light scanner built in the cork bin of the magnetic stirrer switches the cork supply
off when the maximum cork supply quantity is reached.
 Proximity switch located in the cork duct below the turner tube, switches the filler
and capper off if there are no more corks in the cork duct.
 The cork stopper stops the cork release if any bottles are missing or for capper stand
still. The cork stopper is opened and closed by the machine control according to the
machine clocking.
Date coder
The date coder is programmed and is printed to the bottle. The paint will be charged and
deflected at high speed and passes through a hole to the bottle. The codes are dots which will be
connected to form words and numbers this is done very fast. There is a sensor to sense bottle is
coming, this sensors senses in a fraction of seconds, then the product is discharged to the packer.
Bottle packer
Bottle packing is the final stage of the production. It involves packing filled bottles in
to their cases. It is motor driven with different types of sensors. It uses pneumatic
system for gripping the bottles. Pneumatic system uses air coming from compressor
room via pipes. The packer has a capacity of packing ninety-six bottles or four cases
at once.
８
Figure 3.8
Figure 10 Bottle UN-Packer
 The pack conveyor (6) conveys empty packs into the packing zone. Then the pack flow
gate stops the empty packs under the centering unit (1). Once the packing zone is full of
empty packs, the pre stopper interrupts the flow of incoming packs.
 The centering unit (1) is lowered and the correction frame (2) centers the packs in the
packing zone.
 The shuttle car (4) travels to the container side over the table. The lifter (5) is lowered
and grippers (3) pick up the containers.
 The lifter (5) is raised and the shuttle car (4) travels to the pack side. The lifter (5) lowers
the correction frame (2) then places the containers in the pack.
 The grippers (3) release the container. The lifter (5) is then raised and the shuttle car (4)
returns to the container side.
 The centering unit (1) is raised. The pack flow gate and the pre-stopper release the flow
packs. The packs are discharged from the packing zone and the packing zone is refilled.
９
CHAPTER FOUR
Overall benefits gained from the internship
4.1 Practical skills

During the internship I’ve come to learn about
 Operational principles of different mechanical devices like pumps, gear box,

conveyors
 Working in safe environment
 Working in somewhat challenging areas like noise and temperature
 Working principle of sensors and actuators
4.2 Theoretical skills

During my stay at MOHA Soft Drink Company not only did I get practical skills I was also able
to get different theoretical skills from different sources:
 Reading manuals of different machines
 Referring guidance sheets of different machines
 Checking the layout of the machines from the PLC display
 During maintenance machines which will be held once a week
4.3 Interpersonal communication skills

Among the best things I learned during my internship interpersonal skill is my priority. I was the
only one from my school, who got an offer at MOHA Soft Drink Company. But I mate other
workmates from other schools. This gave me the chance to share different things and discuss
different issues. I believe my stay at MOHA Soft Drink Company has helped in developing my
interpersonal skills, not only with my fellow intern workmates, but also with the technicians.
１０
4.4 Work ethics

Internship is a real time practice for our future career. So we simulate as if we are employees of
the company and abide for the rules and regulations. Employees are responsible for:
 Being punctual to their work
 Working in safe and clean working environment
 Tasks they do in the company
 Respecting supervisors and technicians
１１
CHAPTER FIVE
INTERNSHIP PROJECT
5.1 Abstract of the project
This project is designed to solve the problem in the sugar processing room. It makes easy the
process of sugar for RGB (glass) line by reducing the time and energy required to put the sugar
to the dissolving tank.
I try to design a screw type conveyor which takes the sugar by rotating in a clockwise direction
to the upper hopper, which is placed before the tank. The conveyor gets power from an AC
motor (7.5 kW) and maintain its torque by gear box connected to the motor.
The screw conveyor is designed to transport 12 tons of sugar within one hour. Most of the
materials we used are made of stainless steel, because of strength and concern for food quality.
The design procedure includes design of screw, shaft, housing, bearing, keyway, flange, bolt and
nut, selection of motor and gearbox and also stresses and torque analysis.
5.1.1 Objective of the project

After observing all the problems in the industry, we chose to work on this problem because it
has many advantages for the company.
The main objectives of this project are: -
 it reduces the time that is required to prepare the sugar
 When the work is done by man power it takes a lot of time, because the workers have
to open the sugar sack and put individual sack to the hopper
 it minimizes the down time
 Since the hopper is placed in a higher height position, the sugar is lifted by forklift
machines. When the forklifts are not available at the time the sugar processing stops
or delays. If the sugar does not dissolve and mix with the syrup, the glass production
cannot proceed because syrup is the main ingredient for soft drink production.
 The energy required is reduced by using this screw conveyor
１２
 The workers carry the sugar sack and take the stairs, if the forklift is not available for
a long time.
 It increases the quality of product because when the workers put the sugar in the
hopper sometimes they put the sack tip in the hopper.
 It increases the amount of sugar that can be dissolved in the dissolving tank.
 It maximizes the profit of the company, since it decreases the down time
 It can increase workers’ satisfaction and initiation to work, because it takes off the
load of work.
 increase the speed of work
5.1.2 Feasibility
 This project can be implemented by the company. Based on the design I work; it is easier
to buy the necessary materials for the screw conveyor. The materials we select are easily
available and are based on our country standards.
 The installation cost will not be expensive since it just needs to break 2 columns and 3
rows of bricks in the middle (about 6 bricks), for the conveyor to pass and enter to the
hopper. The hopper is already available in the place, so after buying the necessary
equipment it is easier to install and start using the conveyor.
 There is a conveyor for the PET production line so educating/ orienting the workers
won’t be a problem. They are familiar with such kind of machines.
 When the down time and load on the workers is considered, buying and installing the
screw conveyor makes the company more profitable, increase the quality of the RGB line
product, which in turn makes the company more competitive and build more trust in its
customers.
5.2.1 Introduction
A screw conveyor is a mechanism that uses a rotating helical screw blade, called a "flighting",
usually within a tube, to move liquid or granular materials. They are used in many bulk handling
industries. Screw conveyors in modern industry are often used horizontally or at a slight incline
as an efficient way to move semi-solid materials, including food waste, wood chips,
１３
aggregates, cereal grains, animal feed, boiler ash, meat and bone meal, municipal solid waste,
and many others.
Advantages:
 A Screw Conveyor can be used as a mixer or agitator to blend dry or fluid ingredients,
provide crystallization or coagulant action or maintain solutions in suspension.
 Stainless Steel Screw Conveyors can be manufactured to conform to USDA and FDA
food grade regulations.
 They are compact and easily adapted to congested locations.
 Screw Conveyors are often more cost effective than other material handling options such
as belt, pneumatic and drag conveyors.
 They can be set up as Screw Feeders to control the flow of material in processing
operations which depend upon accurate batching.
 Screw Conveyors are versatile and can be employed in horizontal, inclined and vertical
installations as well as multiple screw Live Bottom Feeders.
 Screw Conveyors can be sealed for dust free and vapor tight requirements.
 A Screw Conveyor can be used for heating and cooling products by utilizing jacketed
housings and/or hollow flight screws.
 Screw Conveyors can be made out of a variety of materials to make them corrosion
resistant, abrasion resistant or heat resistant depending upon the product being conveyed.
 They can be outfitted with multiple discharge points offering greater system design
flexibility.
Screw conveyors arranged to convey bulk materials up an incline are often utilized due to
minimum necessary equipment and space utilization. Many alternate conveyance arrangements
require multiple conveyors to first move material horizontally, and then vertically respectively.
While inclined screw conveyors offer many benefits, some considerations must be taken for
proper application and operation.
As the angle of incline increases there may be a significant loss in efficiency, often dependent on
the type of material conveyed. Several direct consequences arise from this loss in efficiency:
1.) As the incline increases the overall expected capacity may be drastically reduced.
１４
2.) The required horsepower of the unit increases.

Various reasons cause these effects. As the angle of incline increases, there is a reduction of the
effective angle of the flight as it pushes against the material. At certain angles of incline and
screw pitch values, a portion of the helical flight is virtually on the horizontal plane; this reduces
the forward action of the flight, resulting in loss of efficiency, in addition to material turbulence
and trembling.
The losses in effective capacity due to improper flight/angle/pitch combination may ultimately
result in a larger than expected cross‐section of material within the screw conveyor. This
increased cross section is especially important when considering an obstruction such as an
intermediate hanger bearing.
The turbulence and tumbling of material will also likely result in the need for increased
horsepower (power that is not really useful in the conveyance of the material).
Design
5.3.1 Details sizing of the equipment Motor
Motor
- Power = 7.5 KW
- Voltage= 380-420V
- Current= 15-10A
- Synchronous speed, ni= 1500 rpm; no= 155 rpm
- Number of poles = 4
- Frequency= 50 Hz
- Braking Torque =477Nm
- Star connection
The output of the system is in mechanical form.
5.3.2 Details of the production capacity of the whole system

Input Torque=47.746Nm
Output Torque=477.46Nm
１５
5.3.3 Detail design and description of the project

Specification
Length of conveyor (L) = 6.067m ……we calculated the vertical and horizontal distance that are
needed to be covered by the conveyor using Pythagoras
Angle of inclination (α) = 44.36
Number of turns Ni= 1500 rpm
No= 155 rpm
Horse power of the motor = 7.5 KW
- The ratio of initial torque to the output torque is equal to the ratio of angular velocities
= e= = = = 0.1, e= from gear specification
, To=
- To find the initial torque we use the formula of horse power

H= Ti*W,
Ti= = = = = 47.746 Nm
To= = = 477.46Nm
Therefore, the output torque is 477.46 Nm.
5.3.3.1 Screw design

The screw rotates in a clockwise direction to take the sugar upward.
The area of the screw can be found by A = , where ϕ= capacity factor which take
account of accumulation of load at inner bearing , from table from material

handling DR. ENG. Daniel Kitaw.
１６
The capacity of the screw per hour Q;
Q=3.6*A*V*γ*K, γ- Specific weight of sugar= 700kg/m3
K=0.7,
V- Tangential velocity
V= w*r= *
Q= 3.6*0.320* * * *700*0.7
Diameter analysis
Q= 12 tons per hour
12=3.6*0.320* * * *700*0.7
12= 1731.8 d3
d= 0.1906m 0.2m……. diameter of the screw we rounded it up to 20 for ease of

manufacturing
- Speed of the conveyor

V= , t= pitch of the screw=0.5d …. (from 0.5d to 1d)
V=
V= 1.25m/s
１７
 Length analysis of screw conveyor
4290
45
290
Sin ѳ=
4290= L sin 45ᵒ
L=
L= 6.066.97m
L= 6.067m
Ns = , where Co=1.2 Co is the friction coefficient
Ns= 7.5 kw
Q= 12 tons/hour
L=6.067m
7.5kw=
H= 222.09kw......... the horse power when the maximum torque is reached
１８
5.3.3.2 Load Analysis

q= , V= 1.25*D= 1.25*0.2=0.25m/s
q= =13.333 kg/m................shows the load in a screw within one meter
 Axial force
P=
 Table
- ……… we take 0.75 = 0.75 =0.075
-
-
tan ų
ų=0.53 coefficient of friction
tan-1(0.53)
To find Mo: -
Mo= = , No=Ns for inclined conveyor
Mo= 975
Mo= 47.177Nm
Therefore P=
１９
P= 683.422N
5.3.3.3Force analysis
H=T* ω, Where H=7.5KW
Ni= 1500rpm
ω= = =157.08rad/sec
from the above formula, we can find the required torque
Tin=
Tin= = 47.75Nm
= 0.1
Tout= = 477.5Nm
 T= , =
T=
t driving= = 1.492*103N
t driven= = 0.746*103N
t out 1= = 2.894*103N
t out 2= = 0.596*103N
t sin
tin1 sin = 1.492KN * sin = 0.51KN
t in 1sin = sin = 0.255KN
２０
sin = 1.02KN
0.596KN sin = 0.204KN
0
t tan
t 1 tan = 1.492*103 tan 200 = 543.04N
t 2 tan = 0.746*103 tan 200 = 271.52N
t 1 tan = 2.984*103 tan 200 = 1.086N
t 2 tan = 0.596*103 tan 200 = 216.93N
q=13.333kg/m
A 6.067 m O
= =216.93 N
= = 596 N
Considering the shaft as a force line( neglecting thickness)
596N
13.33*6.067*9.81 Roz
216.93 N Roy
Fig 3.1 Force analysis diagram
+ ∑ Fy=0
216.93-793.365+ Roy=0
Roy=576.435N
２１
+ ∑ Fz=0
-Roz+596N=0, Roz= 596 N
216.93
Vx-y 4.098m
576.43
Mxy
1.9688m 213.546Nm
596
Vx-z o
596
47.68Nm
Fig 3.2 Bending Moment diagram
２２
5.3.3.4 Bearing selection

The things that are to be considered in bearing
 The type of load

 The reaction that could be produced as a result of load.
We have selected ball bearing.
We do have the calculated axial thrust load(Fa) and radial load(Fr), which are
Fa=576.43 N
Fr=596 N
V=1 when the inner ring rotates, where V is rotation factor
Taking >e ; >e
X=0.56, outer diameter(OD)=62 , =10 k
= = 0.057643
X is the ordinate intercept and Y is the slope of the line for Fa/V Fr > e
P= XVFr + Y Fa ; where P is the equivalent radial load
To find Y value we use interpolation
From table........ we have the following values
0.056....................1.71
0.057643...............Y2
0.070.....................1.63
Y2 -1.73=-0.0103
Y2= 1.702
２３
P= XVFr + Y Fa
=0.56*1*596 + 1.702*576.43
P= 1314.72
The machine works 7 hours per a day and is expected to be working for 10 years.
L10h = 10*365*7 hrs =25550 hrs ; L10h is total expected working hours
L10 = ; L10 is rated life in million revolution
= = 237.615 million revolution
L10 =( ) ; where
5.3.3.5 Key way design

Among different types of keys we have selected rectangular or flat key which is most commonly
used in machine tool operation and efficient one.
Let
T = Torque transmitted by the shaft,
F = Tangential force acting at the circumference of the shaft,
d = Diameter of shaft,
l = Length of key,
w = Width of key.
２４
t = Thickness of key, and

τ and σc = Shear and crushing stresses for the material of key.
d =61.84 mm
w= d/4 = 61.84/4=15.46 mm
t = d/6 = 61.84/6 = 10.31 mm
T= ;τ=τall=68.75*106N/m2
= (13.499*106)*(46036.681*10-9)
=621449.153*10-3
T= 621.45Nm
T= =
= =>
=206.26*106 N/m2
T=
= =
= 0.02892 m or 28.92mm
5.3.3.6 Shaft design

For stainless steel from table ...........Yield strength (syt) = 275 Mpa
Ultimate strength (su) = 568 Mpa For steady load from table ...............Kt = 1.0
Km = 1.5
２５
M @ 4.0178 = 1181.52 Nm
T = 477.5 Nm
Te =√ ; Te= equivalent twisting moment
Te =√
Te = 1835.48 Nm
Failure analysis
De-soderberg theory of failure analysis is to be used since it is conservative as using the

endurance yield strength.
Se= Se’ *Ka*Kb*Kc*Kd*Ke*Kf
Where Se is endurance limit
Ka= surface finish factor
Kb=size factor
Kc=reliability factor
Kd=modifying factor to account stress concentration
Ke=temperature factor
Kf=miscellaneous factor
Selecting the shaft to be machine and cold drawn we have
a= 4.51 and b= -0.265
Ka= a = 4.51(
２６
Ka=0.84
Kb=0.9
Kc=Kd=Ke=Kf=1
Se=284Mpa (0.84*0.9*1)
Se=214.7 Mpa
Calculating the diameter of shaft
d= {( ;
= {(
= {(18.71) + (4.511)}1/3
d = 6.184 cm
Shaft stress analysis ( fatigue failure analysis)
Kb =0.799
Kc=0.599
Se = 114.2
For steel
Kt= 1.7 q=0.85
Kts=1.35 qshear=0.9
Kf=1+q (Kt-1) =1.555
Kfs=1+ qshear (Kts-1) = 1.315
２７
= 78.988 Mpa
½
=23.676Mpa; is mean range stress
= 0.3679 + 0.0861
= 2.2
Yielding (ny)
To check whether the shaft fails or not we have to make sure that ny is greater than Fos.
ny ≥ Fos
ny = = 2.6>2.2
5.3.3.7 Design of gaskets

Gaskets are used to make a leaf-tight joint between the two surfaces. It is impractical to machine
flanges to the degree of surface finish that would be required to make a satisfactory seal under
pressure without a gasket. Gaskets are made up of semi plastic materials, which will deform and
flow under load to fill the surface irregularities between the flange faces. The factors we consider
when selecting a gasket material is the process conditions: pressure, temperature, corrosive 40
0nature of the process fluid, type of flange and flange face. Plain soft metal gaskets are normally
used for higher temperatures.so we select that solid flat metal (Iron or soft steel) because of our
design temperature reaches about 250c and design pressure is 101 Mpa. Standards of Iron or soft
steel. Gasket factor (m) =5.50, Minimum design seating stress(y)=275Mpa. Minimum gasket
width=6mm.
２８
5.3.3.8 Flange design

Standard flanges will be specified for most applications. Special designs would be used only if
no suitable standard flange were available; or for large flanges, such as the body flanges of
vessels, where it may be cheaper to size a flange specifically for the duty required rather than to
accept the nearest standard flange, which of necessity would be over-sized.
The design procedures given in the codes and standards can be illustrated by considering he
forces and moments which act on an integral flange, Figure 13.35.
The total moment Mop
Acting on the flange is given by
Mop= Hdhd+ Htht+ Hghg
Where Hg = gasket reaction (pressure force), = πG(2b) mPi
Ht = pressure force on the flange face = H - Hd,
H =total pressure force = (π4⁄) G2Pi 41
Hd = pressure force on the area inside the flange =(π4⁄) B2Pi
G = mean diameter of the gasket,
B = inside diameter of the flange,
2b = effective gasket pressure width,
b = effective gasket sealing width, hd, hg and ht
The minimum required bolt load under the operating conditions is given by
The forces and moments on the flange must also be checked under the bolting-up conditions.
The moment Matm is given by:
Where Wm2is the bolt load required to seat the gasket, given by:
Where is the gasket seating pressure (stress).

The flange stresses are given by:
Longitudinal hub stress σh= F1M
Radial flange stress σrd =F2M
２９
Tangential flange stressσ1g =F3M - F4σrd

Where M is taken as Mop or Matm, whichever is the greater; and the factors F1 to F4 are
Functions of the flange type and dimensions, and are obtained from equations and graphs
given in the codes and standards (BS 5500, clause 3.8) The following formula can be used to
determine the maximum bolt spacing:
where pb = bolt pitch (spacing), mm db = bolt diameter, mm,

tf= flange thickness, mm m = gasket factor.
Flange applied lode and flange moment.
The lode on the flange can be given as fallow.
m=gasket factor.
Pi=internal pressure of flange, Pi=101Mpa
d3=in side diameter of a flange for each pipe, =211mm
tf=thickness of flange
d4=effective gasket selling width=221mm
tf=d4/2=effective gasket pressure width=221/2=110.5mm
hd= (d 3+ D – 2E)/4
hd = (211+210- 2*114.3)/4 =48.1mm
hg= (D – d3)/4= (210-62)/4=37mm
ht= (d3+ D)/4= (π/4) d2Pi
ht = (211+210) /4=105.25mm
d3’=B + (ht - hg) = 40mm + (96-17) mm=119mm
H= (π/4) d3’2Pi = (π/4) (119mm)2 *10.1Mpa=112332.4363N=122.33KN
Hd= (π/4) B2Pi= (π/4) (110.5mm) 2*10.1MPa=112332.4363N =11.233KN

Ht=H-Hd
= (122.33KN-112.33KN) =111.097KN
Hg= πd3’ (2b) mPi. m=gasket factor.
Hg =π (119mm) (2*14mm) 5.5*10.11MPa=581485.5524N=581.465KN
３０
The moment on the flange is

Mop = Hd*hd + Ht*ht + Hg*hg let’s calculate
Mop=11.233*48.11mm+111.097*105.5mm+581485.552N*37mm=21527226.58Nm
The minimum load required bolt load under the operating condition given by
Wm1=H + Hg
=122.33+581.465=703.795 KN
The force and the momentum must be checked under the bolting up conditions. The moment is
given by
Matm=Wm2*hg Where Wm2 is the bolt load required to sat the gasket, given by
Wm2=yπd3’b
y=gasket sating pressure (stress) =275MPa
Wm2=275MPa*π*119mm*37mm =1659050.4N=1659.05KN
Matm, =1659050.4*17mm =28203.8568Nm
The bolt area is given by:
Ab =1/Nbfb(4Ms/Db –W) where Ab – area of one bolt at the root of the thread ,Nb – number of
bolt ,fb – maximum allowance stress :N/mm2 =125N/mm2 ,Ms – bending moment at the base,
the same as Mbs ,W – weight of the vessel ,N ,Db – bolt circle diameter
Approximated pith circle diameter say 1.7m
From standard 12 bolts
Take bolt design stress = 125N/mm2
Take W=80.4kN
Ms= 21527226.58Nm
Area of bolt is:

Ab = (1/12x125) (4x21527.22658Nm x103)/1.7-(80.4x103)) = 5195.88mm2
Bolt root diameter =√(5195.88x4)/π = 45.89mm ≅ 50mm.
３１
5.3.3.9 Housing design

Screw diameter is given to be 20cm the housing material is stainless steel and has and has an
internal diameter of screw with the clearance of 1mm. therefore the internal diameter of 201 mm
and thickness of 1cm. the outer diameter will be 211mm.
5.3.3.10 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM
ELECTRIC SOURCE
TRANSMISSION
MOTOR GEAR BOX
SHAFT
SHAFT SCREW
Fig 3.3 power flow of the system
３２
Lower Hopper
SHAFT SCREW HOUSING
SUGER
UPPER HOPPER
DESSOLVING TANK
Fig 5.3.4 process steps of the system
5.4.1 Result and Discussion

5.4.1.1 Results
After designing each parts of the screw conveyor we found the following results
- Motor horse power=7.5 KW - Screw diameter= 0.2 m
- Torque =477.5 Nm - Tangential velocity = 1.25 m/s
- Capacity (Q) = 12 tons/hour - Factor of safety =2
- Shaft diameter (D)= 61.84 mm
5.4.1.2 Discussion
For the conveyor system we use an induction motor which converts the electrical power to
mechanical system that rotates the screw.
３３
The screw rotates and takes the sugar to the upper hopper, which is connected to the sugar
dissolving tank. The gear box we used helps to maintain the torque.
The conveyor can carry load of 12 tons/hour, it can satisfy the requirement for the dissolving
tank and even if the company needs to change the tank to a higher capacity level, the
conveyor can still be useful.
For most of the materials stainless steel is used and the components can be manufactured in a
workshop or can be bought from the market.
For the design process we used try and error methods, iteration, standard formulas an
analysis and refer books and websites. When we started the project, we did an informal
interview with the mechanical workers and operators of the sugar room.
During the process of working on the project, we learnt about different types of screw
conveyor, material types and their strength and kinds of gears, shafts, conveyor, bearing.
The conveyor can be further developed by adding calibration system, which can show and
control the amount of sugar conveyed
5.4.2 Conclusion
In general, screw type conveyor is designed in this project for the RGB production line, sugar
dissolving tank.
After finishing designing our project, we concluded that this project can be implemented by
the company. The project can help the company in different ways, and it is easier to
implement in the industry.
5.4.3 Recommendation
- I recommend the company to implement the screw type conveyor, because it can help
both workers and the company.
- It is better if the company can use more simple machines to reduce the load on its
workers.
３４
CHAPTER SIX
Conclusion and recommendation
6.1 Conclusion
Working at MOHA soft drink company I have acquired a lot of experience and I have learned a
lot and I got a chance to work in different working areas and I have seen the working procedure
and from my point of view and from what I have learned in my regular class I have found a
problem and I have tried to fix it and I put a reasonable reasons behind my problem solving
design which is screw conveyor.
The screw conveyer is designed to transport sugar from the store to the tanker by using electrical
motor as a source of energy and almost make the company automatic which helps to run the
machine with a little assistance of human power.
The screw conveyer is a lot better in terms of minimizing down time of the company which were
occurred when the sugar was handled by labor power. And also it decreases the loss of sugar
during transportation from store to the tanker. And it minimizes the labor power which was
needed to transport the sugar and as a result minimizes cost.
6.2 Recommendation
6.2.1 Recommendation for MOHA soft drink
Some problems have been identified during the two months internship period at MOHA Soft
Drink Company. Some of the problems and suggestions are listed below:
 First, after bottles are washed and passed onto the filler, empty bottles are inspected by
human. I have seen unclean bottle passed this inspection and been filled out. I believe if
this bottle just went out for market it will cause health issues and it will cause bad
reputation for the company so installing bottle inspecting machine can resolve this
problem.
 Bottles after filled and packed they are unloaded from the gravity conveyor manually
with human labor and this is quite tiring for the workers and it is observable that as they
３５
get tired they will start throwing the case instead of doing it properly and this problem
could be solved with a robotic arm.
 Most of the information about the company is outdated and I suggest that the company
makes updates on their newsletters for the coming internship students or anyone seeking
information about the company.
 The employees have no recruiting place. They simply sit near cars and shadow areas, this
disturbs the employees and also it is hard to control he workers by supervisors. As a
MOHA soft drink it is better to have a recruiting area to workers and it helps them to
manage the workers efficiently, reduces working time loss, and to preserve motivated and
energetic workers.
6.2.2 Recommendation for my school

We know that theoretical knowledge is not enough for making a good professional career. With
an aim to go beyond academics, industry visit provides students a practical perspective on the
world of work. It provides students a practical perspective on the world of work. It provides
students with an opportunity to learn practically through interaction, working methods and
employment practices. It gives exposure to the current working practices.
Industrial visit has its own importance in a career of a student who is doing professional degree.
It has to be considered as part of college curriculum. The main objective of industrial visit should
be providing the student with an insight regarding internal working of the companies. Industrial
visit sensitize student to the practical challenges that organizations face in the technical world.
Industry visits also give greater clarity about various technical concepts for students as they can
practically see how these concepts are put into action.
３６
REFERENCE
[1] Phyllis Crème, Mary R. Lea, writing at university for students, second edition,
McGraw-Hill Book Company Inc., New York, 2008. ]. Dr.Eng. Daniel Kitaw,
“Material Handling Equipment”, 1st edition, 2001
[2] KHS company website, www.khs.com ,
[3]. Richard G. Budymas and J. Keith Nisbett, “Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design”,
MC Grow Hill, New York, 9th edition, 2011
WWW (World Wide Websites)

[1]. https:// www.Brighthubengineering.com/ machine design/ 42568-how to design a shaft for a
constant load/
[2]. http:// www.electrical-engineering-portal.com/ sizing-motors- frequency converter
[3]. http:// www.quora.com/ how to calculate amount of material transported in a conveyor/
[4]. http:// www.anaheimautomation.com/ manuals/ forms/ gearbox- guide. Php#sthash. zgzt

021Q.dpbs
[5]. http:// www.jmsequipment.com/ shafted conveyors-vs-shaft less screw conveyor
[6]. http:// www.globalspec.com/ reference 10791/179909/ chapter -3-ac-anddc-motors-ac-

induction-motor
[7]. http:// www.fennerdrives.com/ news/conveyor-design
[8]. http:// www.eng-tips.com
３７
Appendix
Surface finish factor(Ka)
Surface finish factor(Ka) a B
Ground 1.58 -0.085
Machine and cold drawn 4.51 -0.265
Hot rolled 57.7 -0.718
Forged 272 -0.995
Size factor(Kb)
Diameter , mm Kb
d≤ 7.5 1.00
7.5<d≤50 0.85
d>50 0.75
３８
Reliability factor (Kc)
Reliability (%) Kc
50 1.00
90 0.897
95 0.868
99 0.814
99.9 0.753
99.99 0.702
99.999 0.689
３９

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Acknowledgement

CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................................... １

1.1 Aim .......................................................................................................................................... １

1.2 Purpose ................................................................................................................................... １

1.3 Research method .................................................................................................................... １

CHAPTER TWO ...................................................................................................................................... ２

2.3 Objective of the company ....................................................................................................... ３

2.4 Vision of the company ............................................................................................................ ４

2.5 Mission of the company .......................................................................................................... ４

2.6 Organizational chart................................................................................................................ ４

CHAPTER THREE .................................................................................................................................... ８

3 THE OVERALL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE ............................................................................................ ８

How I got in to the company................................................................................................................. ８

3.2 Production flow ....................................................................................................................... ８

3.9 Water treatment room ....................................................................................................... １０

3.5 Cooling Room ...................................................................................................................... １２

3.6 Air Compressor.................................................................................................................... １５

3.7 Steam Boiler ........................................................................................................................ １５

CHAPTER FOUR ................................................................................................................................. １０

Overall benefits gained from the internship .................................................................................. １０

4.1 Practical skills ...................................................................................................................... １０

4.2 Theoretical skills .................................................................................................................. １０

4.3 Interpersonal communication skills .................................................................................... １０

4.4 Work ethics ......................................................................................................................... １１

CHAPTER FIVE ................................................................................................................................... １２

Abstract of the project ...................................................................................................................... １２

5.1.1 objective of the project ........................................................................................................ １２

5.1.2 Feasibility ............................................................................................................................. １３

5.2.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... １３

5.3.1 Details sizing of the equipment Motor ............................................................................ １５

5.3.2 Details of the production capacity of the whole system ................................................. １５

5.3.3 Detail design and description of the project.................................................................... １６

5.4.1 Result and Discussion........................................................................................................... ３３

5.4.1.1 Results ........................................................................................................................... ３３

5.4.2 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ ３４

Conclusion and recommendation .................................................................................................. ３５

6.1 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... ３５

6.2 Recommendation ................................................................................................................ ３５

6.2.1 Recommendation for MOHA soft drink ........................................................................... ３５

WWW (World Wide Websites) ..................................................................................................... ３７

Table1 Raw materials of the company ...................................................................................................10

1.3 Research method

 Primary resource – Interviewing technicians working on production line

2.1 History and organization structure of the company

2.1.1 Brief history of company

2.1.2 When did Pepsi cola start in Ethiopia?

2.3 Objective of the company

 To manufacture, buy, sell, bottle distribute and otherwise deal in

 To invest in other business enterprises, to establish and manage in Ethiopia

2.4 Vision of the company

2.5 Mission of the company

2.6 Organizational chart

.7 Products of the company

The products of the company are:

1. Mirinda (orange flavor)

2.8 Raw materials of the company

No Raw material Supplier of the Unit

2 Sugar Sugar Corporation Quintal (Qt)