12 Chapter 1 Algebraic techniques 2 and indices 1B

7 Evaluate the expression 2x − 3y when: U F

a x = 10 and y = 4 b x = 1 and y = −10 C
R PS
c x = 0 and y = −2 d x = −10 and y = −6
e x = −7 and y = −9 f x = −2 and y = 9

8 Evaluate the expression 4ab − 2b + 6c when:

a a = 4 and b = 3 and c = 9 b a = −8 and b = −2 and c = 9
c a = −1 and b = −8 and c = −4 d a = 9 and b = −2 and c = 5
e a = −8 and b = −3 and c = 5 f a = −1 and b = −3 and c = 6

Example 4 9 For the following state whether they are equivalent (E) or not (N).
a x + y and y + x b 3 × x and x + 2x
c 4a + b and 4b + a d 7 − x and 4 − x + 3
e 4(a + b) and 4a + b f 4 + 2x and 2 + 4x
g 1 × a and a h 3 + 6y and 3(2y + 1)
2 2
10 For each of the following, two of the three expressions are equivalent. State the odd one out.
a 4x, 3 + x and 3x + x b 2 − a, a − 2 and a + 1 − 3
c 5t − 2t, 2t + t and 4t − 2t d 8u − 3, 3u − 8 and 3u − 3 + 5u

11 Copy and complete the following table.

x 1 2 3 4 5 6 10 100

x+3 4 5 6

U F
12 Give three expressions that are equivalent to 2x + 4y + 5. C
R PS

13 Copy and complete the following table.

x 3 0.25 −2
4x + 2 14 6
4 – 3x −5 −2
2x – 4 8

14 a Evaluate x2 for the following values of x. Recall (−3)2 = −3 × −3.

i 3 ii −3 iii 7 iv −7
b Given that 25 = 625, what is the value of (−25) ?
2 2

c Explain why the square of a number is the square of its negative.

d Why is (−3)2 = 9 but −32 = −9? What effect do the brackets have?

ISBN: 9781107671812 © David Greenwood et al. 2014 Cambridge University Press

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 Number and Algebra 13

U F
15 a Explain with an example why a ÷ (b × c) is not equivalent to (a ÷ b) × c. C
R PS
b Does this contradict the associative law (see Key ideas)? Justify your answer.
c Is a ÷ (b ÷ c) equivalent to (a ÷ b) ÷ c? Why or why not?

16 a Is it possible to substitute values of x and y so that x + y and x + 2y are equal? Try to describe all
possible solutions.
b Does this imply that x + y and x + 2y are equivalent? Give reasons.

17 a By substituting a range of numbers for a and b, determine whether (ab)2 is equivalent to a2b2.
b Is (a + b)2 equivalent to a2 + b2? Why/why not?
c Is ab equivalent to a × b ? Why/why not?

d Is a + b equivalent to a + b ? Why/why not?

e For pairs of expressions in a−d that are not equivalent, find a few values for a and b that make
them equal.

18 Sometimes when two expressions are equivalent you can explain why they are equivalent. For
example, x + y is equivalent to y + x because ‘the order in which you add numbers does not matter’, or
‘because addition is commutative’. For each of the following pairs of expressions, try to describe why
they are equivalent.
a x × y and y × x b x + x and 2x
1
c y − y and 0 d × x and x ÷ 2
2
e a × 3a and 3a2 f k2 and (−k)2

Enrichment: Missing values

19 Find the missing values in the table below.

a 5 8 −20
b 2 1
a+b 10 10 7 −19
a + 2b 17 0 11
a–b 1 13
a – 2b −29 20

ISBN: 9781107671812 © David Greenwood et al. 2014 Cambridge University Press

Photocopying is restricted under law and this material must not be transferred to another party