AGR 17th Batch

Department of Animal Science

Faculty of Agriculture
EXIM Bank Agricultural University Bangladesh
Course Title- Introductory Animal Science
Course Code- ANS 132
BS Agriculture, Term-02

Objectives: After completing this chapter we will be able to know-

About the general principles of livestock and poultry feeding
Different nutrients and its requirement for livestock and poultry

General Principles in Livestock Feeding

1. The ration of the animal should be well balanced and feeding trough should never be
emptied.
2. The feed material should contain greens roughages and concentrates so that the
animal may get all the essential nutrients
3. Avoid sudden change in diets
4. On average dairy animals consume 4 Kg dry matter per 100Kg body weight
5. The animals should get ad labium clean fresh supply of drinking waster

Nutrients needed by livestock:

1. Carbohydrate (for needed energy in body activities) e.g. Rice, wheat, maize, molasses
etc
2. Fats and fatty acids (for energy and normal body functioning) e.g. Mastard oil cake,
soyabean oil cake, til oil cake etc.
3. Protein and amino acid (for bodybuilding, growth, maintenance and reproduction) e.g.
Fish meal, meat meal, blood meal, different pulse, legumes, urea etc.
4. Minerals (for growth, maintenance, and reproduction) e.g. DCP, Salt, Minarel premix
etc.
5. Vitamins (for normal body and cell functioning) e.g. Vitamin premix.
6. Water
 AGR 17th Batch

Feeding of Calf:

Colostrum

Colostrum is defined as the secretion from the mammary gland of mammals during the
first/few days after parturition. The first six milkings from fresh dairy animals are
considered colosturm for milk marketing purposes and should not be sold.

The advantages of colostrum feeding are:

 Compared with normal milk, first milking colostrum has fiftyfold higher
concentration of antibodies (Mainly IgG). So colostrum provides passive
immunity to calf.
 Colostrum also provides energy which is critically important to the newborn,
especially for the first day of life.

When to give colostrum?

The immunoglobulins (IgG) in colostrum are absorbed very efficiently within first 24 hours
in the small intestine of the newborn calf. At this early stage in life, the cells lining the
intestine are able to absorb these large molecules. But after 24 hours of birth the
immunoglobulins are no longer absorbed.

Feeding schedule for different classes of adult cows (approximate body weight-250 kg)

Green Grass Paddy

Category Concentrate Mixture (kg)
(kg) Straw (kg)

Dry cows 1.25 5.0 5–6

Milking 1.25 + 1 kg for every 2.5 - 3.0 kg of milk 5.0 5–6

Maintenance + production + 1 to 1.5 kg from 6th

Pregnant 5.0 5-6
month of pregnancy

Feeding of goat:

For its size the goat can consume substantially more feed than cattle or sheep, viz. 6·5 to 11
per cent of its body weight in dry matter when compared with 3-4 per cent for cattle or sheep.
This means that the goat can satisfy its maintenance requirement and produce milk from
forage alone.
 AGR 17th Batch

A balanced mixture of concentrate feeds for goat (Total 100 grams):

Ingredients Amount (grams)

Rice/Maize/Wheat 45
Rice bran 20
Khesari 18
Til oil cake 16
Salt 0.9
Mineral-Vitamin Premix 0.1
Daily requirement of concentrate feed of different aged goat:

Types of Goat Daily Requirements of concentrate feeds

Adult Doe 160 gram (80 gram in morning + 80 gram in evening)
Kids (up to 3 months) 100 gram (50 gram in morning + 50 gram in evening)

Feeding of Poultry:

Principles of feeding poultry

1. Birds have no lips and teeth and hence cannot chew the feeds therefore, ration must
have chiefly concentrates (grains, oil cake, by products).

2. They are fed in groups.

3. Feed must be free from Aflatoxins.

4. Birds are reared for different purpose (Meat, egg etc.) and hence according to
purpose, age, breed, size and system of rearing the requirements must be determined
with definite ratio of protein and energy.

Nutritional requirement of different poultry:

Broiler Broiler Layer Layer Layer Breeder

starter+ finisher Starter Grower Layer layer
Characteristic grower feed (0-6 wk) (7-18 wk) (19-72 wk) feed
feed (6-8 wk)
(0-6 wk)

Crude protein (N x 23 20 20 16 18 18
6.25) (max %)
Calcium (max %) 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.0 3.0 3.0
Metabolizable 2 800 2 900 2 600 2 500 2 600 2 600
energy (min cal/kg)
 AGR 17th Batch

F.C.R. (Feed Conversion Ratio)

F. C. R. = Feed given / Animal weight gain (Standard F. C. R. of broiler is 1.8, Sonali 2.4)

Highest egg production of layer birds at 28-34 weeks of age (about 95%).

Feed type of Chickens-

1. Mash – specially for chicks

2. 2. Crumbles – preferred by grower chickens
3. 3. Pellets – mostly used feed form, reduce 15-20% feed wastages.

Feed Intake of different Chickens-

 Broilers- up to 62 grams
 Sonali- up to 50 grams
 Layer- up to 115 grams
 AGR 17th Batch

Cobb 500 Broiler performance

AS HATCHED

Daily feed
weight for Ave Daily Cumulative Feed Cumulative Feed
Age days consumption
Age (g/b/d) Gain (g/b/d) conversion(FCR) Consumption
(g/b/d)

7 164 23.4 0.85 140

8 193 24.1 0.89 30 171
9 225 25 0.91 35 205
10 260 26 0.94 39 245
11 298 27.1 0.97 44 289
12 339 28.3 1.00 50 339
13 383 29.5 1.03 55 394
14 430 30.7 1.06 61 455
15 480 32 1.09 67 522
16 533 33.3 1.12 73 596
17 589 34.6 1.15 80 676
18 648 36 1.18 86 762
19 710 37.4 1.20 93 855
20 775 38.8 1.23 100 956
21 843 40.1 1.26 107 1063
22 914 41.6 1.29 115 1178
23 988 43 1.32 122 1301
24 1065 44.4 1.34 130 1431
25 1145 45.8 1.37 137 1568
26 1227 47.2 1.40 144 1712
27 1311 48.6 1.42 151 1863
28 1397 49.9 1.45 157 2020
29 1484 51.2 1.47 163 2183
30 1572 52.4 1.49 168 2350
31 1661 53.6 1.52 172 2523
32 1749 54.7 1.54 176 2698
33 1838 55.7 1.57 180 2878
34 1928 56.7 1.59 184 3062
35 2017 57.6 1.61 187 3249
36 2106 58.5 1.63 190 3439
37 2194 59.3 1.65 192 3631
38 2282 60.1 1.68 195 3826
39 2370 60.8 1.70 197 4022
40 2456 61.4 1.72 198 4221
41 2541 62 1.74 200 4420
42 2626 62.5 1.76 201 4621

Reference: Cobb broiler management guide.

 AGR 17th Batch

Standard Sonali Feed Performance Record

Feed
Feed Consumption consumption Body weight
Day F.C.R
in gm/bird/day Cumulative gm (g)
to date
0 20
1 5 5 25 0.20
2 6 11 30 0.37
3 7 18 35 0.51
4 8 26 40 0.65
5 9 35 50 0.70
6 10 45 65 0.69
7 11 56 70 0.80
8 11.9 67.9 87 0.78
9 12.8 80.7 94 0.86
10 13.65 94.35 100 0.94
11 14.5 108.85 105 1.04
12 15.3 124.15 110 1.13
13 16.1 140.25 115 1.22
14 16.85 157.1 120 1.31
15 17.7 174.8 130 1.34
16 18.4 193.2 145 1.33
17 19.1 212.3 155 1.37
18 19.75 232.05 165 1.41
19 20.4 252.45 175 1.44
20 21 273.45 185 1.48
21 21.6 295.05 200 1.48
22 23.18 318.23 225 1.41
23 23.77 342 245 1.40
24 24.36 366.36 255 1.44
25 24.95 391.31 265 1.48
26 25.54 416.85 275 1.52
27 26.13 442.98 285 1.55
28 26.72 469.7 300 1.57
29 27.49 497.19 325 1.53
30 28.26 525.45 345 1.52
31 30.03 555.48 355 1.56
32 30.8 586.28 365 1.61
33 31.57 617.85 375 1.65
34 32.34 650.19 385 1.69
35 33.11 683.3 400 1.71
36 33.73 717.03 425 1.69
37 34.35 751.38 445 1.69
38 34.97 786.35 455 1.73
 AGR 17th Batch

39 35.59 821.94 465 1.77

40 36.21 858.15 475 1.81
41 37.83 895.98 485 1.85
42 38.45 934.43 500 1.87
43 39.16 973.59 525 1.85
44 39.87 1013.46 535 1.89
45 40.58 1054.04 550 1.92
46 41.29 1095.33 565 1.94
47 42 1137.33 575 1.98
48 42.71 1180.04 585 2.02
49 43.42 1223.46 600 2.04
50 44.03 1267.49 625 2.03
51 44.64 1312.13 635 2.07
52 45.25 1357.38 645 2.10
53 45.86 1403.24 650 2.16
54 46.47 1449.71 665 2.18
55 47.08 1496.79 670 2.23
56 47.69 1544.48 685 2.25
57 48.4 1592.88 692 2.30
58 49.11 1641.99 700 2.35
59 49.82 1691.81 715 2.37
60 50.53 1742.34 725 2.40

"Replace #Sympathy with #Empathy,

Embellish your mind's beauty."