7/13/2020

SHEAR STRESS AND STRAIN

SHEAR STRESS

 When applying a force tangent to the cross sectional area then the
developed stress is called shear stress, 𝜏 (tau).

 Forces F are applied transversely to the

member AB. Corresponding internal forces
act in the plane of section C and are called
shearing forces.

 The corresponding average shear stress is,

V
 ave 
A
 where V = F in this case. (𝑽 ∥ 𝑨)

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SHEAR STRESS EXAMPLES

Ex. 1. Two plates connected Ex. 2. Two plates connected
by one bolt (single shear) by two bolts (double shear)

EXAMPLE 3

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EXAMPLE 3

EXAMPLE 4
Determine the average shear stress developed in pin A of the truss. A
horizontal force of P = 40 kN is applied to joint C. Each pin has a
diameter of 25 mm and is subjected to double shear.

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EXAMPLE 4

EXAMPLE 5
What force is required to punch a 20-mm-diameter hole in a plate that
is 25 mm thick? The shear strength is 350 MN/m2

V

A
P
350*106 
( *0.02) *0.025

P  549.8 kN

H.W. : 1-40, 1-48, 1-61

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STRESS ON AN OBLIQUE PLANE

• Pass a section through the member
forming an angle q with the normal
plane.
• From equilibrium conditions, the
distributed forces (stresses) on the plane
must be equivalent to the force P.
• Resolve P into components normal and
tangential to the oblique section,
F  P cosq V  P sinq

• The average normal and shear stresses on

the oblique plane are
F P cosq P
    cos2 q
Aq A0 A0
cosq
V P sinq P
   sinq cosq
Aq A0 A0
cosq
1-9

SHEAR STRAIN
 Deformations not only cause line segments to
elongate or contract, but they also cause them to
change direction. If we select two line segments that
are originally perpendicular to one another, then the
change in angle that occurs between them is referred
to as shear strain . This angle is denoted by 𝛾
(gamma) and is always measured in radians (rad),
which are dimensionless.
Example: The plate is deformed into the dashed shape shown. Determine
shear strain in the plate relative to the x and y axes.

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SHEAR STRAIN
Example: A rectangular block of material with modulus of rigidity G = 90 ksi is bonded
to two rigid horizontal plates. The lower plate is fixed, while the upper plate is subjected
to a horizontal force P. Knowing that the upper plate moves through 0.04 in. under the
action of the force, determine a) the average shearing strain in the material, and b) the
force P exerted on the plate.

• Determine the average angular deformation

or shearing strain of the block.
0.04 in.
 xy  tan  xy   xy  0.020 rad
2 in.

• Apply Hooke’s law for shearing stress and

strain to find the corresponding shearing
stress.
 
 xy  G xy  90 103 psi 0.020 rad   1800psi

SHEAR STRAIN
Example: A rectangular block of material with modulus of rigidity G = 90 ksi is bonded
to two rigid horizontal plates. The lower plate is fixed, while the upper plate is subjected
to a horizontal force P. Knowing that the upper plate moves through 0.04 in. under the
action of the force, determine a) the average shearing strain in the material, and b) the
force P exerted on the plate.

• Use the definition of shearing stress to find

the force P.
P   xy A  1800psi 8 in.2.5 in.  36 103 lb

P  36.0 kips

H.W.: 2-12, 2-24

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SHEAR STRESS – STRAIN DIAGRAM

 The behavior of a material subjected to
pure shear can be studied in a
laboratory using torsion test. The data
of the test can be used to determine the
shear stress and shear strain, and a
shear stress–strain diagram plotted.

 Like the tension test, this material when subjected to shear will exhibit
linear-elastic behavior and it will have a defined proportional limit 𝜏𝑝𝑙 .
Also, strain hardening will occur until an ultimate shear stress 𝜏𝑢 is
reached. And finally, the material will begin to lose its shear strength until
it reaches a point where it fractures.

SHEAR STRESS – STRAIN DIAGRAM

 For most engineering materials, the
elastic behavior is linear and so Hooke’s
law for shear can be written as:

𝜏 = 𝐺𝛾

Here 𝐺 is called the shear modulus of

elasticity or the modulus of rigidity .

 The three material constants, 𝐸 , 𝜈, and 𝐺 are related by the equation

𝐸
𝐺=
2(1 + 𝜈)

See Examples 3.5, 3.6

H.W. : 3-25, 3-27, 3-33