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Phrasal verbs (get up, break down, fill in, etc.)

a)
We often use verbs with these words:
on off in out up down away
back over about around forward through Along

We often use these words with verbs of movement. For example:

get on The bus was full. We couldn’t get on.

drive off She got into the car and drove off.
come back Tom is leaving tomorrow and coming back on Saturday.
turn around When I touched him on the shoulder, he turned around.

But often these words (on / off / up / down, etc.) give a special meaning to a verb. For example:
 Sorry I’m late. The car broke down.
 Look out! There’s a car coming.
 It was my first flight. I was very nervous as the plane took off.
 I was so tired this morning that I couldn’t get up.
These verbs (break down / get up / take off, etc.) are phrasal verbs.

b)
Sometimes a phrasal verb has an object. Usually there are two possible positions for the object.
So you can say:

I turned off the light. or I turned the light off.

Here are some more examples:

 Could you fill out this form? / fill this form out?
 It’s warm. Take off your coat. / Take your coat off.
 The fire fighters soon arrived and put out the fire. / put the fire out.
 I think I’ll throw away these old newspapers. / throw these old newspapers away.
 The police got into the house by breaking down the door. / breaking the door down.

Sometimes the object of a phrasal verb is a pronoun (it / them / me / you / him / her / us). These
pronouns go before on / off / in / out / up / down, etc.:
 They gave me a form and told me to fill it out. (not fill out it)
 Ann’s asleep. Don’t wake her up. (not wake up her)
 “What should I do with these old newspapers?” “Throw them away.”
 Here’s the money you need. Don’t forget to pay me back.
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c)
Sometimes we use a phrasal verb + preposition. For example: look forward to / keep up with /
cut down on. The object always comes after the preposition:
 Are you looking forward to your vacation?
 You’re walking too fast. I can’t keep up with you.
 Jack has cut down on smoking. He only smokes five cigarettes a day now.

Exercises

124.1. Complete the sentences using an appropriate phrasal verb from the box. Use the correct
form of the verb each time.

break down  clear up (= become bright – take off

speak up (= speak louder) for weather) grow up
turn up (= appear / arrive) show off (= show how good fall off 
close down you are at something) move in
1. Be careful on that horse! Don’t fall off.
2. Sorry I’m late. The car broke down on the way here.
3. What time did the plane finally ____________________?
4. There used to be a very good store on the corner, but it ____________________ a year ago.
5. “We’ve bought a new house.” “Oh, have you? When are you ____________________?”
6. Susie is eight years old. When she ____________________, she wants to be a pilot.
7. I arranged to meet Jim at the club last night, but he didn’t ____________________.
8. The weather’s horrible, isn’t it? I hope it ____________________ later.
9. We all know how wonderful you are. There’s no need to ____________________.
10. (on the telephone) I can’t hear you very well. Can you ____________________ a bit?

124.2. Complete these sentences as shown in the examples.

Examples: He told me to fill out the form, so I filled it out.
He told me to throw away the newspapers, so I threw them away.

1. He told me to put out my cigarette, so I ...

2. He told me to take off my shoes, so I ...
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3. He told me to turn on the TV, so ...

4. He told me to call up Ann, so ...
5. He told me to give up smoking, so ...
6. He told me to put on my glasses, so ...
7. He told me to write down my address, so ...

124.3. Complete these sentences using an appropriate phrasal verb from the box. Where
necessary use the past tense of the verb. Each time use it / them / me with the verb.

look up turn down  wake up shave off

pick up cross out knock out try on
1. The radio is a little loud. Can you turn it down, please?
2. There was a $20 bill lying on the sidewalk, so I ____________________.
3. The children are asleep. Don’t ____________________!
4. If you make a mistake, just ____________________.
5. I saw a jacket I liked in the store, so I went and ____________________ to see if it fit me.
6. There were a few words that I didn’t understand, so I _________________ in my dictionary.
7. He had a beard for a long time, but he got tired of it. So he ____________________.
8. A stone fell on my head and ____________________. I was unconscious for half an hour.