Uses in day to day life:

Uses of capacitor:-

1.     Energy storage:
A capacitor can store electric energy when it is connected to its charging
circuit. And when it is disconnected from its charging circuit, it can dissipate that
stored energy, so it can be used like a temporary battery. Capacitors are commonly
used in electronic devices to maintain power supply while batteries are being
changed.

2.     Power factor correction :

It is used in electric power distribution. Such capacitors come as
three connected as a three-phase Electrical load. Its purpose is to
counteract inductive loading from devices like Induction motor, electric
motors, and transmission lines to make the pressure appear to be mostly
resistive.

3.    Used in sensors:
Capacitors measure a variety of things, including fuel levels,
mechanical strain, and air humidity as sensors. Its structure determines
the capacitance of a device. Changes in the fabric are measured as a gain
or loss of capacitance. Aspects of a capacitor that are used in sensing
applications are the material between them and the distance between the
parallel plates.
4.    Power Conditioning:

A critical application of capacitors is the conditioning of power

supplies. Besides, capacitors allow alternating current signals to pass but
block DC signals when they are charged. They can effectively split these
two signal types, cleaning the amount of power.

5.    Coupling:
Capacitors can let AC pass through yet block DC in a process
called Capacitor Coupling. It is used in the case of a loudspeaker.
Speakers work by converting an alternating current into sound, but they
could be damaged by any direct current that reaches them. A capacitor
prevents the direct current from damaging the speakers.
6.     Tuning:

Variable capacitors are used when tuning circuits on radio systems

by connecting them to an LC oscillator. The capacitor charges and
discharges into a wire coil, hence a magnetic field is generated. Once the
capacitor is discharged completely, the magnetic field falls while,
recharging the capacitor. Charging and releasing the current take place at
regular intervals, but it can be changed by altering the capacitor. If the
frequency of these intervals is equal to the frequency of a nearby radio
station, the amplifier in the radio strengthens this signal, and you will
hear the broadcast.

7.     Used in Pulsed power and weapons:

Capacitors are used to supply massive pulses of current for many

pulsed power applications. These include electromagnetic forming,
pulsed lasers, Marx generators, pulse forming networks, particle
accelerators, and fusion research. Large capacitor banks are energy
sources for the exploding-bridge wire detonators or slapper detonators in
specialty weapons. Experimental work is underway using banks of
capacitors as power sources for electromagnetic amour and
electromagnetic rail guns or coil guns.

8.     Decoupling:

A decoupling capacitor decouples one part of a circuit from

another. Noise caused by other circuit elements is avoided through the
condenser, reducing the effect they have on the rest of the course. It is
applied between the ground and the power supply. An alternative name is
bypass capacitor since it bypasses the power supply or other high
impedance components of a circuit.

9.     Used as a timing element:

Capacitors can be used in a time-dependent course because their
charging and discharging happen at regular intervals. It can be connected
to any light-emitting diode or loudspeaker system. Further, any flashing
light that you see or steady beeping likely uses a timing capacitor.
10. Use in Signal Processing:
Capacitors have found many advanced applications in IT. Dynamic
Random Access Memory devices use capacitors to show binary
information as 1s and 0s. The device can read one value when the
capacitor is charged and another when discharged. Charge-Coupled
Devices (CCDs) use capacitors in an analog form. Capacitors are also
used together with inductors to tune circuits to particular frequencies, an
effect exploited by radio receivers, speakers, and analog equalizers.

11. Use as motor starter:

In single phase squirrel cage motors, the primary winding within the motor
housing is not capable of starting a rotational motion on the rotor, but is capable of
sustaining one. To start the motor, a secondary winding is used in series with a
non-polarized starting capacitor to introduce a lag in the sinusoidal current through
the starting winding. When the secondary winding is placed at an angle with
respect to the primary winding, a rotating electric field is created. The force of the
rotational field is not constant, but is sufficient to start the rotor spinning. When the
rotor comes close to operating speed, a centrifugal switch (or current-sensitive
relay in series with the main winding) disconnects the capacitor. The start capacitor
is typically mounted to the side of the motor housing. These are called capacitor-
start motors, and have relatively high starting torque. Motor-starting capacitors are
typically non-polarized electrolytic types, while running capacitors are
conventional paper or plastic film dielectric types.

Use of Inductor :-

1. Inductors are used in tuning circuits

With the help of inductors, the tuning circuits can select the desired frequency.
The capacitors type along with the inductor are used in various electronic devices
such as radio tuning circuits, a television in order to modify the frequency and help
to select within multiple channels of frequency.

2. Used as sensors
The inductive proximity sensors are very reliable in operation and are a
contactless sensor. Inductance is the main principle behind it in which the magnetic
field in the coil will oppose the flow of electric current. The proximity sensors
mechanism is used in traffic lights to detect traffic density.
3.It is also used to store energy in a device
Inductors can store energy for a small period of time because the energy
which is being stored as a magnetic field will be gone when the power supply is
removed. Uses of inductors can be seen in computer circuits where power supplies
can be switched.

4.Inductors are used in induction motors

In induction motors, the shaft in the motor will rotate due to the presence of the
magnetic field produced due to alternating current. The speed of the motor can be
fixed according to the frequency of the supply of power from the source. The use
of inductors into the motor’s speed can be controlled.

5. Used as transformers
A combination of multiple inductors with a shared magnetic field can be
designed into a transformer. One of the major uses of transformer can be seen in
power transmission systems. These are used in decreasing or increasing the power
transmission as step down or step-up transformers.

6.Inductors are used as filters

Inductors when combined with capacitors will be used as filters. The input
signal’s frequency while entering the circuit is limited by the use of these filters.
With the increase in the frequency of supply, the inductor’s impedance increases.

7.Uses of inductors in chokes

As we are aware that when AC current flows through inductors, it will create a
current flow in the opposite direction. This results in the inductor choking the AC
current flow and passing the DC current. This mechanism is used in the power
source where the AC supply is converted into DC.

8.It is used as ferrite beads

We have seen ferrite beads used in computer parts and in charging cables of
mobile. Inductors used in ferrite beads helps in reducing the frequency of radio
interface which the cable creates.

9.These are used as relays: Relay behaves as an electrical switch. With the use of
an inductor coil in the switch, there is a magnetic field produced wherever the
switch comes in contact with the flow of AC current.