GLOBAL SITE FOR IT STUDIES, INC.

3rd Floor Rosario Uy Bldg., San Jose Street, Goa, Camarines Sur
S/Y 2020 - 2021

Self – Learning Module - 2

Name:____________________________________________ Rating: _______________

Course & Year level: ________________________________ Date: ________________

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Self – Learning Module, Second Semester
 CURRICULUM
CONNECTION

LIFE PERFORMANCE OUTCOME:

I am a Globalista – a student of Global Site for I.T. Studies, Inc., a conscientious, adept
performer, achievers, competently pursuing my mission in life.

PROGRAM OUTCOMES:

Explain and apply the fundamental elements of effective conflict resolution processes
and use to reduce group conflicts and divisions, foster agreement, and promote future
collaboration.

ESSENTIAL PERFORMANCE & INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Describe and explain the new abilities they have developed as the result of self-initiated
learning experience and projects through analyzation and understanding every topic in the
chapter.

INSTRUCTION:

How to learn from this module:

1. Before working on this self-learning module, make sure you have a notebook, pen or
pencil and learning materials with you.

2. Read carefully the instructions given. Don’t hurry. Always review your answers.

3. If you are told to go and do something, do not hesitate to do so.

4. Accomplish tasks and complete worksheet seriously and correctly.

5. Submit outputs on or before the deadline at the agreed drop area like Barangay Hall or to
the assigned Barangay Official in your Barangay.

6. Guidance, support & encouragement of the parent/guardian are highly encouraged.

7. Enjoy learning.

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 Chapter 2:
INTRODUCTORY MESSAGE

It is our desire that this module on Practical Research 1: Qualitative Research will
provide you with a general understanding of how to conduct practical qualitative research
and possibly even encourage you to undertake a study that may have been thinking about
doing.

Research is a delightful way to discover valuable learning and skills. Through this
subject, you help develop your abilities in establishing connections, listening, writing, and
observing which the primary elements are needed in the qualitative research process. You
will find out how to conduct practical researches that you can apply in your specific track.
Often, when we find out that we are going to engage in research, we immediately worry and
put on a skeptical face. It is our goal to replace that worry with excitement, skepticism with
confidence. You will discover how much fun it is to do research as we eagerly learn new
things and develop a new and better perspective about research.

The twenty-first century learning allows you to discover, to improvise, and to

interact, using research as a tool to expand your knowledge and skills. With this module on
Practical Research 1, we hope that you will be able to nurture yourself to be active, creative,
and collaborative researchers.

Introduction

What makes human race distinct from each other, specifically on its uniqueness of
traits, similarities and differences? In a way, qualitative research can respond to such
questions. According to Silverman (2013); Litchman (2013); Walliman (2014); and Suter
(2012), qualitative research is an act of inquiry or investigation of real-life events. It is
concerned with own experiences of a life event, and the aim is to interpret what has been
said in order to explain why it is said. This is called natural setting.

Qualitative research is important practically because most things cannot just be

quantified: they need to be described. Appreciating the nature of life and experience is vital
than simply counting things .We need to understand the quality of some things in order for
them to have meaning.

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 Lesson The Value of Qualitative Research
1 Its Characteristics, Strengths, Weaknesses and Kinds

The general purpose of qualitative research is to develop concepts which help you to
understand social phenomena in, wherever possible, natural rather than experimental
settings, to gain an understanding of the experiences, perceptions and/or behaviours of
individuals, and the meanings attached to them. The effective applications of qualitative
methods to other disciplines, including health and education research have expanded. This
module outlines the nature and potential value of qualitative research features its various
parameters.

In the previous module, you learned the nature of inquiry and research. Inquiry and
research encourage high levels of critical thinking in order to attain appropriate methods
and resources .As a researcher you have to follow the different processes in research
equipped with the etiquettes in conducting your study. Those samples of research in areas of
interest will help you guide to choose you topic or research problem.

I. Definition of Qualitative Research

Qualitative Research is a scientific method of observation to gather non-numerical

data. It refers to the meanings, concepts, characteristics, metaphors, symbols and
description of phenomena, and not to their counts or measures.

II. Purpose of Qualitative Research

Qualitative Research promotes a deep, holistic understanding of a particular

phenomenon.

III. Characteristics of Qualitative Research

1. Human understanding and interpretation in data analysis

2. Active, powerful and forceful in data gathering and rephrasing interview
questions
3. Multiple research approaches and methods that allows you to plan your study
and being multi-method research
4. Specificity to generalization on specific ideas will lead to generalizations or
conclusions.
5. Contextualization - context or situation of individual’s life
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 6. Diversified data in real-life situations on collecting data in a natural setting
7. Abounds with words and visuals that presents people’s view in a picture, video,
drawing or graphs.
8. Internal analysis on examining the data yielded by the internal traits of the
subject persons.

IV. Strengths of Qualitative Research

1. It adopts a naturalistic approach to its subject matter.

2. Promotes a full understanding of human behavior/personality traits in their
natural setting.
3. It is instrumental for positive societal changes.
4. It engenders respect for people’s individuality.
5. It’s a way of understanding & interpreting social interactions.
6. Increases researcher’s interests in the study.
7. Offers multiple ways of acquiring and examining knowledge about something.

V. Weaknesses of Qualitative Research

1. It involves a lot of researcher’s subjectivity in data analysis.

2. It is hard to know the validity/reliability of the data.
3. It is open-ended questions yield “data overload” that requires long-time analysis.
4. It is time-consuming.
5. It involves several processes, whose results greatly depend on the researcher’s
views or interpretations.

VI. Kinds of Qualitative Research2

1. Case Study - Long time study of a person, group, organization or situation and
an empirical inquiry that investigates current phenomenon.

Example: “Teenage Pregnancy in the Public High Schools”

2. Ethnography- a study of a particular cultural group.

Example: “Cultural Awareness and Integration of Peace Education in the
Indigenous Peoples (IP) Communities”
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 .
3. Phenomenology- “live-experienced” of a phenomenon.
Example: “Life without Gadget”

4. Content and Discourse Analysis:

a. Content Analysis- is a research technique that analyzes the modes of

communication such as letters, e-mails etc.

b. Discourse Analysis- is the study of social life, understood through analysis of

language it includes face-to-face talk, non-verbal interaction, images and
symbols.

Materials for Discourse Analysis include books, newspapers, periodicals,

brochures and advertisements.

Example: “A Discourse Analysis on the Impact of Modern Technologies on

Communication”

5. Historical Analysis- is a qualitative method where there is an examining of

past events to draw conclusions and make predictions about the future.
Example: “The Impact of Ferdinand Marcos’ Speech”

6. Grounded Theory- takes place when there is a discovery of new theory which
underlies your study at the time of data collection and analysis.

Example: “The Story Behind the Migration of Christians from Visayas and
Luzon to Mindanao”

7. Narrative Report - designed to present things or events that have happened in

the past through a logical progression of the relevant information. The main
purpose of a narrative report is to present a factual depiction of what has
occurred.

Example: “Vocabulary Building of Students through Proper Solid Waste

Management”

8. Biography- is the study of an individual’s life and struggles and how they reflect
cultural themes of the society. It deals with an interesting story found in
documents and archival materials. It is concerned with the reconstruction of life
histories and the constitution of meaning based on biographical narratives and
documents.

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 Five common types of biography are

1. Scholarly Chronicles -focus on the historical portrayal of an individual life.

e.g. “Biography of Gloria M. Arroyo, the First Woman President of the
Philippines”

2. Intellectual Biography- narrative of a life through the conceptual analysis of

the subject’s motives and beliefs within the world of ideas.

e.g. “Life and Works of Dr. Jose Rizal”

3. Life History Writing- recording of life memories, experiences, whether

one’s or another’s.

e.g. “The Hardships of Overseas Filipino Workers (OFW’s)”.

4. Memoir Biography- stylistic presentation of the biographer’s reflections and

insights in relation to the factual account of life.

e.g. “The Experiences of Stranded Students in the COVID-19 Pandemic”

5. Narrative Biography-a nonfiction account of life experiences of a person.

9. Action Research- is a classroom-based or school-based research seeks

transformative change through the process of taking action and doing research,
which are linked together by critical reflection. This type of research is commonly
conducted by the teachers to give solutions to the existing problems to improve
students’ academic performance and positive attitudes

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RULES IN DOING THE ACTIVITY

1. Find a place in your home where you can study well.

2. Have a chair and table. Make sure you have the materials you need like paper, pen,
pencil, etc.
3. Read carefully and understand the lesson. Then, you can start answering the activity.

Activity 1. Multiple Choice Test.

Instruction: Read and analyze each statement below and carefully choose the letter that best
describe the statement. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. It is the most familiar and applicable type of qualitative research which refers to the
investigation of a culture through an in-depth study of the members of the cultural
society.
a. Ethnography
b. Phenomenology
c. Grounded Theory
d. Case Study

2. It is primarily used to generate theory through relevant information taken from very
reliable sources and its focus is theory development.
a. Ethnography
b. Phenomenology
c. Grounded Theory
d. Case Study

3. Which of the following types of qualitative research is designed to focus on the

commonality of a “lived experience” with a particular group and its aim is to
determine what an experience means for the persons who have had the experience of
living in a certain community which is the subject of the research?
a. Ethnography
b. Phenomenology
c. Grounded Theory
d. Case Study

4. It is an exploration of a “bounded system” over time through detailed, in-depth data

collection involving multiple sources of information rich in interesting stories.
a. Ethnography
b. Phenomenology
c. Grounded Theory
d. Case Study

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 5. It is a qualitative research which analyzes the language “beyond the sentence”. It is
the study of the ways in which language is used by the people, both written and
spoken contexts.
a. Historical Research
b. Discourse Analysis
c. Biography
d. Narrative Report.

6. “A student really idolizes his English teacher who is expert in grammar and
literature. The former wants to write a scholarly chronicle about the latter’s
experiences including his family background, how he achieved his success in life, his
likes and dislikes, his achievements and struggles in life.” What type of qualitative
research should a student employ?
a. Historical Research
b. Discourse Analysis
c. Biography
d. Narrative Report

7. It is a qualitative research in which data related to the past events are systematically
collected and evaluated to describe potential causes, effects, or trends related to
those events.
a. Historical Research
b. Discourse Analysis
c. Biography
d. Narrative Report

8. All of the following are strengths of qualitative research EXCEPT

a. Explores sensitive issues
b. Captures diversity of experiences and perceptions
c. Allows participants to freely exchange ideas
d. Proves a certain theory or principle

9. Which of the following is one of the weaknesses of a qualitative research?

a. Results are limited as they provide less elaboration of human perceptions.
b. Data created through qualitative research are always accepted.
c. Data analysis involving numerical data is difficult.
d. There is a limited review of related literature or in-depth information about
the topic.

10. Which of the following is EXCLUDED from the importance of qualitative research in
daily life?

a. Qualitative unveils individual’s perception, feelings and attitudes about a

certain phenomenon.
b. Qualitative research allows the researcher to immerse in the community
where the participants live.

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 c. Qualitative research stimulates people’s interdependence or interpersonal
relationship.
d. Qualitative research lets the researcher to validate the previously
constructed theory or principle.

11. “A student really idolizes his English teacher who is very expert in grammar and
literature. The former wants to write a scholarly chronicle about the latter’s
experiences including his family background, how he achieved his success in life, his
likes and dislikes, his achievements and struggles in life.” What type of qualitative
research should a student employ?
a. Historical Research
b. Discourse Analysis
c. Biography
d. Narrative Report

12. It is a qualitative research in which data related to the past events are systematically
collected and evaluated to describe potential causes, effects, or trends related to
those events.
a. Historical Research
b. Discourse Analysis
c. Biography
d. Narrative Report

13. All of the following are strengths of qualitative research EXCEPT

a. Explores sensitive issues
b. Captures diversity of experiences and perceptions
c. Allows participants to freely exchange ideas
d. Proves a certain theory or principle

14. Which of the following is one of the weaknesses of a qualitative research?

a. Results are limited as they provide less elaboration of human perceptions.
b. Data created through qualitative research are always accepted.
c. Data analysis involving numerical data is difficult.
d. There is a limited review of related literature or in-depth information about
the topic.

15. Which of the following is EXCLUDED from the importance of qualitative research in
daily life?
a. Qualitative unveils individual’s perception, feelings and attitudes about a
certain phenomenon.
b. Qualitative research allows the researcher to immerse in the community
where the participants live.

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Self – Learning Module, Second Semester
 c. Qualitative research stimulates people’s interdependence or interpersonal
relationship.
d. Qualitative research lets the researcher to validate the previously
constructed theory or principle.

16. It is the most familiar and applicable type of qualitative research which refers to the
investigation of a culture through an in-depth study of the members of the cultural
society
a. Ethnography
b. Phenomenology
c. Grounded Theory
d. Case Study

17. It is primarily used to generate theory through relevant information taken from very
reliable sources and its focus is theory development.
a. Ethnography
b. Phenomenology
c. Grounded Theory
d. Case Study

18. Which of the following types of qualitative research is designed to focus on the
commonality of a “lived experience” with a particular group and its aim is to
determine what an experience means for the persons who have had the experience of
living in a certain community which is the subject of the research?
a. Ethnography
b. Phenomenology
c. Grounded Theory
d. Case Study

19. It is an exploration of a “bounded system” over time through detailed, in-depth data
collection involving multiple sources of information rich in interesting stories.
a. Ethnography
b. Phenomenology
c. Grounded Theory
d. Case Study

20. It is a qualitative research which analyzes the language “beyond the sentence”. It is
the study of the ways in which language is used by the people, both written and
spoken contexts.
a. Historical Research
b. Discourse Analysis
c. Biography
d. Narrative Report.
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Activity 2. True or False.

Instruction: Read the following statements. Answer TRUE if the statement is true, FALSE if
you think it is not.

__________1. Research studies what happens in any field of knowledge.

__________2. Scientific approach expresses and records your findings qualitatively.
__________3. Triangulation or mixed method enhances accuracy and
interpretation.
__________4. Naturalistic approach is people oriented.
__________5. A qualitative research is exclusive to both hard and soft sciences.
__________6. Soft science studies human behavior in a scientific manner.
__________7. The scientific approach gives stress to measurable and observable
facts instead of personal views, feelings, or attitudes.
__________8. All research types apply to all data collecting techniques.
__________ 9. Reasons happens in just one field of knowledge.
__________ 10. Past events in a person’s life are the focus of triangulation.

HONESTY PLEDGE:

I hereby pledge that I took this tasks with all honesty and integrity.
______________________________ ____________________________
Student’s Signature over Printed Name Parent’s Signature over Printed Name

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 Key to Correction

Activity 1. Multiple Choice Test.

1. A
2. C
3. B
4. D
5. B
6. C
7. A
8. D
9. D
10. D
11. C
12. A
13. D
14. D
15. D
16. A
17. C
18. B
19. D
20. B

Activity 2. True or False.

1. True
2. False
3. True
4. False
5. True
6. False
7. True
8. False
9. True
10. False

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