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CIE IGCSE Biology

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7.1 Diet

7.1 Diet

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Balanced Diet

A balanced diet consists of all of the food groups

in the correct proportions
The necessary food groups are:
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Vitamins
Minerals
Dietary Fibre
Water

Speci8c vitamin and mineral requirements:

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Causes & Effects of Vitamin &

Mineral DeMciencies

Effects of Malnutrition

Malnutrition is caused by not eating a balanced

diet
There are different types of malnutrition
depending on the cause of the imbalance
They include:
Starvation
Coronary heart disease
Constipation
Obesity

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Protein Energy Malnutrition

In many countries in the world,

droughts, natural disasters, wars and a
poor economy can lead to mass
malnutrition in large areas of the
country
The two types of malnutrition most
common in these situations are termed
‘protein energy malnutrition’ (PEM)and
they are:
Kwashiorkor – caused by a lack
of protein in the diet, most
common in children under 2.
Often caused by poverty as high
protein foods tend to be more
expensive and scarcer. Children
suffering from kwashiorkor are
always underweight for their age
but they often have a swollen
abdomen as their diet may
contain a lot of carbohydrate
Marasmus – the most severe
form of PEM, where there is a
lack of both protein and energy
in the diet. People suffering from
this have a much lower body
weight than normal and look
emaciated

Dietary Needs of Different

Individuals

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1. CHARACTERISTICS &
CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING
ORGANISMS

2. ORGANISATION OF THE ORGANISM

3. MOVEMENT IN & OUT OF CELLS

4. BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES

5. ENZYMES

6. PLANT NUTRITION

7. HUMAN NUTRITION

7.1 Diet

7.2 Alimentary Canal

7.3 Mechanical Digestion

7.4 Chemical Digestion

7.5 Absorption

8. TRANSPORT IN PLANTS

9. TRANSPORT IN ANIMALS

10. DISEASES & IMMUNITY

11. GAS EXCHANGE IN HUMANS

12. RESPIRATION

13. EXCRETION IN HUMANS

14. COORDINATION & RESPONSE

15. DRUGS

16. REPRODUCTION

17. INHERITANCE

18. VARIATION & SELECTION

19. ORGANISMS & THEIR

ENVIRONMENT

20. BIOTECHNOLOGY & GENETIC

ENGINEERING

21. HUMAN INFLUENCES ON

ECOSYSTEMS

Author: Jenna
Jenna studied at Cardiff University before training to
become a science teacher at the University of Bath
specialising in Biology (although she loves teaching all
three sciences at GCSE level!). Teaching is her passion,
and with 10 years experience teaching across a wide
range of speci8cations – from GCSE and A Level
Biology in the UK to IGCSE and IB Biology
internationally – she knows what is required to pass
those Biology exams.

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