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80 Chapter3 Geometic Design of Highways ‘Table 3.5. Minimum Radius Using Limiting Values of e and f, Design Limiting Total Calculated Rounded Design| Limiting Total Calculated Rounded speed Maximum values (e/100-+ radius, radius, speed Maximum values (e/100+* radius, radius, (hmm) e(%) off) Rom) R(m)_—_ (ma) (%6)__ ote )—_Relem) _ Ram) 40 0400.48 a0 4 is 100040 030 33S % 40 035039 S18 200035 aas mG 30 «40=« «028321 sD OR OK kG 4 «40023, 027,67 7 OOO 3828. 540019023, BSH HDHD 02979 © 40 017 021 1350135, GOT 02710S0— 105 3 40S 0.19 203.1203, 7000S 025143154 8 40 014 O18 2800 280 = 8D 100 e024 2100210 9 «4013.7, 82,375.90 000933 BIT 1004024921 492-00 2023579 358 10 100 Oll Ot 4537484 120 100 0.09019 «$968 5997 136004006 39° 4301000887393. 739 2 60035 aa Ot 06 0ee 0.28 tg0300 111208) 222i CheeetTy = (hi) (0) rey yy try 343 Df e60eee 01011025 70 Teen 79le2 20) 120) e 02522 047 677 6 60 O17 023 1232 123 30 120 028 0401778 pr ee 015) 02 red ree tA 401 20120) 2023 ee 03560) 26) By er ee ee Ge fore 6 Oeat (015) 0191 336,72 336] te 00 201201220 17s 0208977800) Rihee(3) (hl Oi rr ry) Tr 10 60-—OlL. 17 S604 560 80 120140261958 194 120 60009157559 78690120025 SSL 255 130 60 = 008_«S 14-9505 951100, 1202028328138 00-20, 023142 20120009021 5399540 1s 80 040s 374 «120008020 GS-4 GS 2 © 80035043 730007 30 8002803619720 40 80023, OBL 406 I 50-80 02700 293 60 80 025° 13413 0 80 023 1618168 0 80 022 2291 229 90 (80 021 © 303.7 304 100-80 020 © 3937 394 1080 019 5015 SOL 20 80 017 6670667 Bo 80 016837832 ‘Note: In recognition of safety considerations, use of équ,= 4.0% should be limited to urban conditions. Source: American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and ‘Streets, 6" Edition, Washington, DC, 201 1. Used by permission. 80 Chapter3 Geometric Design of Highways ‘Table 3.5 Minimum Radius Using Limiting Values of e and f, Design Timiting Total Calculated Rounded Design Limiting Total Caleulated Rounded speed Maximum values (@/100+ radius, radius, speed Maximum values (e/100+ radius, radius, (kms) 6%) off, Rom) Rm) (km) (%6) offs )——_Ralom) _ Ram) is 40 040044 40 4 Ts 100040 0.50 3S (2 A012 1035) 2099, B18 = 20100035 Tt 7 30 «40«=«028 0321s as0s«s1D ROK kG 4 «40 «023,027, 467 47, 4000330333828 540-9023, 029 9B 6 40 O17 021 1350 135 6 ~~: 100, 0.17027 050105 % 40 O15 019 2031 203, «= 7% = 00S. Os 1543154 8 40 O14 O18 2800 280 80 100 014 = 0242100210 9% 940 «O13 017 S275, 00303323 BIT OD e401 0102110115) eeazift 452) 22 100) 00/ee e112 0221 21257011350) Mo 100 Ol ot 4537484 120 1000.09 019-5968 597 1360040046 39°40 1000887393739 2 «60-035 178 3060028342082 @ 60 023 02 4 m6 yy eH alae 5060) 02S RT 792012003587 mo Peeegyy (hy te) ee ry) 7% 60 O15 021 «183784 HOD 023 035 3HD 86 8 6040202520252, SDDS 9 60 O13 O19 3357 336 207029978 10 ©6028 374 BT DS 07a 148 10 60.17 S604 $60, 8012040261938 198 120 60-009 «1S. 755978690 12009555155 130 60 008-—S 14-9505 951-100, 120002 3281328 10 120.023 4142 ald 2012000902839 540 ! Ht) eer 374 «012000802084 20880103504) 73007 30 «8002803619720, eee ey I oy i SO try et) Cee) (ity (rte fies yh) sro eetee 80201011312 023 eee l67 2] 168] 50-80 Od 0222291209 90 8003 Ot 3087 304 10080032020 393.7394 Ho 80 OMSL SOL 120-80 0090176670667 10 «80008016 83.7832 ‘Nore: In recognition of safety considerations, use Of nar = 4.0% should be limited to urban conditions. Source: American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, A Policy on Geometric Design of Highvoays and Streets, 6" Edition, Washington, DC, 2011. Used by permission. Overall standard deviation, $, 99.9 99 90 80 70 60 50 Reliability, R (%) qT z= Design serviceability loss, APSI ge go 7 cL a= s | Fy dio ga 4 £8 Aso BE 40 4 2s Sx 20 el Ba qio Bau $s eo 1 Se 405 £3 4 Bs 0.09 oe 7 : talstets t= 987/6/5)/4] 3 2 1 Example: 65554535 25 1.5 6 Wig = 5 x 105 Design structural number, SN R= 95% Sy = 0.35 Mp = 5000 Ib/in? APSI = 1.9 Solution: SN = 5.0 Figure 4.5 Design chart for flexible pavements based on the use of mean values for each input. Redrawn from AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement Siructares, Washington, DC, The American Association of State Highway and Tr 1993, Used by permission, Tor John Wiley & Sons Singapare tte. tr cwosstuued £9 pas7 “C661 “A “wOHTYSEAL “TEGO cou ay, ‘sounionargsuowiateg fo WBIS9CT 40f2P!mD OLHSPY :29:00§ ina ior ‘uoneuodsuesy pur Keay ams Jo voneIDos8y we: & oF a 70 Tar var va oF g so om v6 os9 ees 2% » : cee tut ne ov v9 st * g ree o1 on ow 65 cs * a “le ost 8 ose osy cor w g ow rie sa ox se cet o g ost tu v8 ow ex 60% 3 31 6a vr ta ow ove % 4 sat zu eit ta 1 val * i oot « ss sol sz ee z ee ou 9 eu 56 ol oe 6s 6s wes 6s 469 re ® wr we wee ie sr tes x ae wt wz wt ove we m vez az wz ae sez we z a eI ort ri wi wt % oor oot oo oot oo wot 81 wo 290 S90 ois avo 1650 a weve aie seo sseo seco H aro ero treo zo ser 10 a ow 800 aro aro aro u00 a v0 «00 io 1500 i100 zx00 3 coo ato «igo tivo 00 ti00 ° . zoo 000 «v0 v000 to00 ovo » 200 20000 20000 ow vom0 000 z 9 s ’ € z I ew (NS) ]equinu EMOTE WANING ony Tans Pan py aft Sousneg ARTE) Ney HEAT AOTIRY TAIL OT ampooorg uftsoq wawared-o1aNaLT OLHSWY IONE Fb 104 Chapter4 Pavement Design Table 4.2 Axle-Load Equivalency Factors for Flexible Pavements, Tandem Axles, and TSI = 2.5 Tae Pavement sctual number GN) is i a 3 a : 3 2 oar To007 T0001 Toot Toot cao i oomns ons 1004 soos ooo ower ‘ oot oon oo ‘001 oon ooo : oot one 100s aioe 00s oars 1” ons oors con 009 007 oats R oars onze 102s ots oois oars ome oon oo 033 027 onze ts oo oes 070 os7 oer 00 a oor os o.09 ove oor or » x07 onst nee oust ozt oaio 2 60 ose oa x07 ou tee | x 0231 oars oats oase 240 oa | 26 0327 0370 0420 0401 0364 0342 | 28 04st 0.493, 0548 0534 0.495, 0.470 | x oust as nos 63s ase outs 2 oats oss sss oasr as? onze x 108 108 ut it vn tas x 18 138 bs 138 138 138 | 3 135 i te at 0 in | fh 2 26 20s 20s 208 Dia 2 2% ser 2 2 231 2st “ 3a bar 29 bat S00 his is 398 bse Me 3 a * 308 a0 es 338 an x0 én 576 $03 sss 36 538 2 3s oar 593 338 363 ir s an his 33 ba on ns x 103 os 81 2 7 82 % ta nS 24 8 aa oa | 60 142 BA 109 94 96 10.7 & 163 13 26 10a 10s iar | & Ba rs vas 22 2 i37 | & 2 m3 166 Bs Br isa | « 333 B3 iss 186 ts 2 | 0 29.0 26.6 us 176, 172 192. 2 30 33 ba Bs 2 23 * a3 sa ne m2 23 Be % 23 39 ai hs 3 261 n 80 ae 350 ms 162 28 0 Ho os 32 303 Bo 37 2 ws 4 9 Ba ne ya | 4 os 69 0 32 333 st 6 7 o ss a 3a 47 ® us t%9 as ua ns se | % 37 a 1 517 46s ‘1 ‘Source: AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement Structures, The American Association of State Highway and. ‘Transportation Officials, Washington, DC, 1993. 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