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Bending of Beam
Bending of Beam
146
ENGINEERING MATHEMAT
55-13 BEAM It is well-known from the
A
mechanics of of structure st.
rOd orbar of a circular or rectangular cross
a
that whenever a beam is loaded, it deflecte
section. with its length very much greater than its ts from its
thickness (so that there are no shearing strcsses original position. The amount, by which hich a beam
any section of it) is called a beam.
Ove deflects, depends upon its cross section anand the
Now, a beam may just rest on a support like aendng bending
knife-cdge or have a small part of it firmly clamped It M is the bending mo-
or built into a wall at either end. In the
former case, ment about AB, of all
it is called a
supported beam and in the latter,
alexternal forces acting on
built-in or an encastro beam or usuallly,
simply, al either side of the two
fixed beam.
In a supported bcam, portions of the beam
obviously, the support can STRETCHED FIBRE
merely exert a force on the beam but in a fixed Separaea by tnis crossELASTIC CURVE
beam, it can also exert a couple on it. section, then by the Ber- UNSTRETCHED FIBRE/NEUTRA
It the beam be fixed only at one end and loaded at noulli-Euler law it is COMPRESSED FIBRE AXIs
the other it is called a cantillever.
A beam or a bar of a
homogeneous, isortropie 8ven by M=*
material. subjected to an axial push or
stress, is, in general, called a strut
compressivwhere
and may be
E =modulus of elaslticity
of the beam,
inclined in any direction, including the horizontal |I moment of inertia of the cross-section
=
ments.
forces
moments and
lockwise) give negative
m0-
the or
r
Y-EST
yPT WT
8 Sin .. (1)
55-15 Boundary Conditions d o
The general solution of the dilferential equation (Ior D+ WT sin
-R0 TX
(2)
loading i.e. load per unit length is given by d4
As the ends are freely hinged. The condition for this
dxis the same as for freely supported ends and so we
55-16 ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE have the following boundary conditions.
Ex. 24. Solve the When x =0, y=0 and
equation d
Ed P+Py=-
y-s wii n f o r a strut of length and when x=l,y=0 and =0
d
inged at each end prove that the benang dx
We need only two conditions to determine íwo
moment at the centre is
W p'
where arbitrary constants c and co, so we take the simpler
8
148
=
Wn
Or Uhese as y =
0 when x = 0 and when x P.I. = 2 - ? 2 P
from (2))
Now, when x= l, y = 0>c, =0.
rom (2))
x =l, y=0 > c^ =0.
Wn2
and when
of c, and c,
in (2), we
ge 2P D2
P'ulting the value
2
J
W (3)
- P SinT Wx
8
From the given equation, the bending
momcnt 2P
M= E l = - Py- WI sin solution of (1) is
The complete
8 W
d
y=C
e + Cy ne + 2P
TtX
8
W -in sin
8
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
W
= ne"-c2 ne 2P
WEP+1
8 sinT
-p+1|sin" dx
conditions
Using the given
W x=0,y=0 and x =1, = 0
8 Q-pStn
M (at x=l/2) [ from (2)] (4)
' M at the centre =
| c +2 =0¢2-C
_WE
sin-Ex. 25. A hor horizontal
8 0-P
tie-rod of length 21 with |
and from (3), O=cj ne-C2nne"
concentrated load W at the centre and ends freely | or 0=c, ne"+ Cne" + W [from (4) 1
2P
hinged, satisfied the diferential equation
W
or 0=c n(e"+")+W
El Py- with conditions
dx W
or C
=0,y=0 and x =,=0. Prove thatthe deflec- 2 P (e+e"h
W
tion ô and the bending moment M at the centreC2 Pn (e+e")
(x =) are 8=(nl-tanh nl) and Putting the values of c and c2 in (2), we get
pn
w W
M=-1anh nl, where n*El =P. y=
2n 2 Pn (e+e ) 2 Pn (e+e
Sol. The given equatuon is W
2P
E=Py- or E2E
d
- y =y = H 2
Wnx-
2 P
or Now the deflection is =y at x =I|
W
nl .5)
or (D-)y= (1) 2Pn +e| 2Pn (l-tanh
2P From the given the equation, bending momen
:El=P, EI
and
El=|M=El Py-
Which is a linear diffenential n dx*
coefficients.
equatioin with constant M at the centre =M (at x =)
Its A.E. is m-n= 0 P
W (nl - tanh nl) -
W
or m=tn 2 Pn 2
C.E =Ce"+Ce W
27-tanh n)- tanh nl
2n
DINARY DIFFERENT EQUATIONS
end
subjected equation and
aR
a " 0P - )
ds
the deflection curve is
Prove 1hat
R ( sin ax -lcos ax +I-x|
P a
where al
= tan al.
(S. Gujarat 90, Karnataka 87, Mysore 87 S)
Sol. Given differential equation is
aR
(p+)y=p-)
Its A.E. is m*+a*=0 or. m = t ia
C.F
R- 1 -
--- -
-)
Thus the complete solution of (1) is
. (2)
=c cos ar +
c sin ax + )