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Millennium Development Goals (MDGS) and India: Kuldeep Singh December 2012
Millennium Development Goals (MDGS) and India: Kuldeep Singh December 2012
India
Kuldeep Singh
December 2012
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
• Present status(India):
India is moderately successful in reducing poverty and likely to miss
target by 3.5 percentage point.
The Poverty head Count Ratio is estimated to reach 18.6 % by 2015.
The malnourished and underweight children’s percentage came down
from 53.5 (in 1990) to 46 % (in 2005-06) and expected to reach 40
percent by 2015 (below the target of 28.6 %)
• Global Information
Evidence of improvement in children nutritional status
Percentage of underweight children has been estimated to decline from
25% in 1990 to 16% in 2010.
Stunting in children under five years of age decreased from 40% to 27%.
In Asia, the number of children stunted children halved between 1990
(190 million) and 2010 (100 million)
MDG 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education
• Target:
Ensure that by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike,
will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling.
• Global Information
76 lakhs children under 5 died in 2010.
During 1960-1990, child mortality in developing region was halved to one
child in 10 dying before age five. The aim is to further cut child mortality
by two thirds from 1990 level.
Reaching the MDG on reducing the child mortality will require universal
coverage with key effective, affordable interventions like care for new
born and mothers, Infant and young child feeding, vaccines, prevention
and case management of pneumonia, diarrhoea, malaria control and
prevention and care of HIV/AIDS.
MDG 5 :Improve Maternal Health
• Target:
Reduce by three-quarters the maternal mortality rate between 1990 and
2015
Achieve by 2015, universal access to reproductive health
• Present Status(India):
The Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) of India was 437 per 100,000 live
births in 1990-91 and the target of 2015 is 109 per 100,000 live births.
The present MMR is 254 per 100,000 live birth as compared to 1990.
Despite progress India is expected to fall short by 26 points by 2015
By 2015, India is expected to ensure only 62 percent of births in
institutional facilities with trained personnel.
• Global Information:
Up to 358 000 women die each year in pregnancy and childbirth
Since 1990, some countries in Asia and Northern Africa have more than
halved maternal mortality.
Some 21.5 crore women who would prefer to delay or avoid pregnancy still
lack safe and effective contraception.
MDG 6 : Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases
• Target:
By 2015 halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS
Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS for all those who need it
By 2015 halt and begin to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases.
• Present Status(India):
India made significant stride in reducing the prevalence of HIV/AIDS. Much of
decline can be attributed to greater awareness and increasing condom use.
Malaria, both in terms of prevalence and death has declined. The diagnosis of
malaria has declined from 1.74 % in 2005 to 1.52 % in 2009
India account for one-fifth of the global incidence of Tuberculosis (TB), but made
progress in halting the prevalence
Treatment success rate of TB has remained steady at 86-87 percent over the last five
years.
• Global Information:
At the end of 2011, 3.42 crore people were living with HIV, 25 lakh people became
newly infected and 17 lakh died of AIDS which includes 2,30,000 children.
Around 300.3 crore people are at risk of contracting malaria. On an average, malaria
kills a child every minute.
TB is one of the biggest infectious killer disease in the world with estimated 14 lakh,
deaths and 88 lakh new cases of TB in 2010.
MDG 7 :Ensure Environmental Sustainability
• Target:
Halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation
by 2015
Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programs and reverse the
loss of environmental resources.
Achieve a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers by 2015.
• Global Information:
The percentage of world population using improved drinking water sources increased from 77% to 87%
between 1990 and 2008 and on track of meeting global MDG drinking water target.
In sanitation target, world is falling short and in 2008, 200.6 crore people still had no access to a
hygienic toilet or safe latrine.
MDG 8 : Develop a Global Partnership for
Development
• Target:
In cooperation with pharmaceutical companies, provide access to affordable
essential drugs in developing countries
In cooperation with the private sector, make available the benefits of new
technologies, especially information and communications.
Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable non-discriminatory trading and
financial system
• Present Status(India):
India has emerged one of the major development partner for fostering techno-
economic and intellectual assistance to countries across the world
The IT software, service and Information Technology Enabled Services (ITES)
sector have managed to catch up with global leaders.
• Global Information:
Availability of essential medicine at public health facilities is still poor
In private sector, generic medicines cost average six times than their international
reference
High price leads to unaffordable treatment
• Population of India as per 2011 Census –121 crore
Income Generation
through various
Poverty Alleviation
Programmes
Focus of Rural Development Programmes
• Creation of Employment – i) Wage Employment (MGNREGA), ii) Self Employment (NRLM)
• Sanitation (TSC)
Budget of RD Programmes in 11th Five Year Plan (2007-11) - Rs. 297683 crore