WiMAX

&
QoS

(Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access)

(quality of service)

: ‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‬

‫ﺻﺎدق ﺧﯿﺮاﻟﻠﻬﯽ‬
٢
 ‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ‬
‫‪٥‬‬ ‫ﭼﻜﻴﺪﻩ‬

‫‪٦‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﻭﻝ ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﭽﻪ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ‬

‫‪٧‬‬ ‫‪ -١-١‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ‬

‫‪٨‬‬ ‫‪ -٢-١‬ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ﻭ ﺗﻠﻔﻦ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ‬

‫‪٨‬‬ ‫‪ -٣-١‬ﺭﺍﻫﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮﯼ ‪WiMAX‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺩﻭﻡ ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ‬

‫‪٩‬‬ ‫‪ -١-٢‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪IEEE 802.16‬‬

‫‪١٠‬‬ ‫‪ -٢-٢‬ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩﻳﻪ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ‬
‫‪١١‬‬ ‫‪ -٣-٢‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺳﻮﻡ ‪ :‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﻭ ‪ MAC‬ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ‬

‫‪١٤‬‬ ‫‪ -١-٣‬ﻻﻳﻪ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﺩﺭ ‪٨٠٢.١٦‬‬

‫‪١٥‬‬ ‫‪-١-١-٣‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‪( Orthogona Frequency Division Multiplexing)OFDM‬‬

‫‪١٨‬‬ ‫‪ -٢-١-٣‬ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ‪ OFDM‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ‬

‫‪١٩‬‬ ‫‪ -٢-٣‬ﻻﻳﻪ ‪ MAC‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ‬

‫‪٢١‬‬ ‫‪ PMP -١-٢-٣‬ﻭ ‪MESH‬‬

‫‪٢٤‬‬ ‫‪ -٢-٢-٣‬ﺳﺎﺯﻭﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ‬

‫‪٢٤‬‬ ‫‪ -٣-٢-٣‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ‪QOS‬‬

‫‪٢٨‬‬ ‫‪ -٣-٣‬ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ‬

‫‪٣١‬‬ ‫‪ -٤-٣‬ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ‪Wimax‬‬

‫‪٣٢‬‬ ‫‪ -٥-٣‬ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﮐﻴﻔﻴﺖ ‪WiMax‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ‪ :‬ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ‪،‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ﻭ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎ‬

‫‪٣٤‬‬ ‫‪ -١-٤‬ﻣﺰﻳﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﯼ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ‬

‫‪٣‬‬
 ‫‪٣٧‬‬ ‫‪ -٢-٤‬ﻭﻳﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﯼ ﻓﻨﯽ ‪WiMax‬‬

‫‪٤١‬‬ ‫‪ -٣-٤‬ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﯼ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ‬

‫‪٤٢‬‬ ‫‪ -٤-٤‬ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﯼ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ‬

‫‪٤٣‬‬ ‫‪ -٥-٤‬ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ‬

‫‪٤٣‬‬ ‫‪ -٦-٤‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻓﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﯼ ﻫﺎ‬

‫‪٥٠‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬

‫‪٥٢‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬

‫‪۴‬‬
 ‫ﭼﻜﻴﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺁﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟـﻮﮊﻱ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜـﺲ ‪ IEEE 802.16‬ﻣـﻲ ﭘـﺮﺩﺍﺯﻳﻢ ﻭ ﺳـﭙﺲ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺤﺚ )‪ QOS (quality of service‬ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻳﻢ ‪.‬ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﭘﺸـﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺴـﻴﺎﺭ ﻗـﻮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴـﺖ ﻫـﺎﻱ ‪QOS‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬ﻻﻳﻪ ‪ MAC‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺗﺼـﺎﻝ ﮔـﺮﺍ ﺑﺮﺧـﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜـﺲ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣﻌﻤـﺎﺭﻱ ﻣـﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺪ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻮﺕ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣﻌﻤـﺎﺭﻱ ﻧـﺮﺥ ﺑﻴـﺖ ﺛﺎﺑـﺖ ‪ ،‬ﻧـﺮﺥ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ‪ ،‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﺑﻼﺩﺭﻧﮓ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣـﻲ ﻻﻳـﻪ ‪ MAC‬ﺑـﻪ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ‪ ،‬ﺁﻥ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻠﺰﻭﻣﺎﺕ ‪ QOS‬ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻘﺪﻭﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪۵‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
‫ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﻧﺴﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﻲ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﻳﺰ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻭ ﻭﺳﻌﺖ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜـﺲ ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻲ ﺑﺪﻳﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺖ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ‪ ،‬ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﻭﺳﻴﻊ‪،‬ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺩﻫﻲ ﻭ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺭﺍﺩﻳـﻮﻳﻲ‪،‬ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﻴﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ‪ IT‬ﺑﻪ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺸﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﻭﺳـﻴﻊ ﺩﺭ ﻫـﺮ ﻣﺤـﻞ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻫـﺮ‬
‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﮊﻩ ‪ Wimax‬ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ )‪ (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﺎﻝ ‪ ۲۰۰۱‬ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ ‪ Wimax Forum‬ﻣﺘﻮﻟـﺪ ﺷـﺪ ‪ .‬ﻫـﺪﻑ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩﻳـﻪ ﺍﻳﺠـﺎﺩ ﺯﻣﻴﻨـﻪ ﺭﺷـﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ ﻭ ﻫﻤﮕـﺮﺍ‬
‫ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﺷـﺒﻜﻪ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺑـﻲ ﺳـﻴﻢ ﮔﺴـﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﺷـﻬﺮﻱ ) ‪ ، (WMAN‬ﺑـﺮ ﻣﺒﻨـﺎﻱ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ IEEE 802.16‬ﺑـﻮﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﺮ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﺳﺎﺯﻱ ‪ IEEE‬ﺩﺭ ﺳـﺎﻝ ‪ ، ۱۹۹۹‬ﺗـﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﻛـﺮﺩﻩ ﺑـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻭﻟـﻴﻦ ﻧﺴـﺨﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻓﻨـﺎﻭﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫‪ Wimax‬ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳـﻲ ﺑـﻲ ﺳـﻴﻢ ﺛﺎﺑـﺖ ﻭ ﺑـﺮ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ IEEE 802.16 – 2004‬ﺑﻬﻴﻨـﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ ‪ .‬ﺍﻭﻟـﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ‪ Wimax‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺳـﺘﻮﺍﺭ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺣـﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿـﺮ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﺳـﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﮔـﺬﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﺷﻪ ﺍﺭﺯﺍﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ‪ Wimax‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﻌﺒﻴـﻪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺗﺮﺍﺷﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ )‪ (Wi – Fi‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ ‪ ،Wimax‬ﺑـﺮ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ – ‪IEEE 802.16e‬‬
‫‪ 2005‬ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻭ ﺗﺤﺮﻙ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ‪ Wimax‬ﺳﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ .‬ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪﻥ ﺩﻭ ﻭﻳﮋﮔـﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺮﻙ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﺭ‪ Wimax،‬ﺭﺍ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﻭﺳﻴﻊ ﺑﺮﺗـﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨـﻪ ﺷـﻜﻞ ﮔﻴـﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﻗﻴﺒﻲ ﻗﺪﺭﺗﻤﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻠﻔﻦ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪۶‬‬
 ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﻭﻝ‬

‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﭽﻪ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ‬

‫ﻣﺪﺕ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﻴﻤﯽ‪،‬ﺩﻧﻴﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮﺍﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺳﻠﻄﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﻫﺎ‪،‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﮔﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﺠﺒﻮﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺳﻴﻢ‬
‫ﮐﺸﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻣﺘﺤﻤﻞ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬ﺑﯽ ﺷﮏ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﯼ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﯽ ﺳﻴﻢ‪،‬ﺗﺤﻮﻟﯽ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ‬

‫ﺩﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﺍﯼ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺭﻭﯼ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﮔﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﮔﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺑﺎ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺑﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﯼ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﯽ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ‪.‬ﺗﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯ ﮐﻪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‪،‬ﺻﻮﺕ ﻭ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﮐﺴﺮﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﺭﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﮐﺮﺩ‪.‬ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺑﯽ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﻣﯽ ﺩﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻴﺪﻭﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺭﻭﺯﯼ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻫﻤﻪ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﻤﺎﻥﻃﻮﺭ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽﺩﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺑﻌﻀﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﯼﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﮐﺎﺑﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﻧﻮﺭﯼ‪ ،‬ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻳﮏ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺿﻌﻒ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻳﻦ‬

‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﯼﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﻣﯽﺁﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﮐﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺧﻮﺑﯽ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﯼ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﯼ ﮔﺰﺍﻑ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪﺍﯼ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﭘﻴﺪﺍﻳﺶ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺗﺮﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﯼﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻫﻢ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﯼ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯼ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻭ ﻫﻢ‬

‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﺁﻭﺭﯼ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﻧﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﻳﮏ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﯼ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺑﯽﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ‬

‫ﻭﺳﻴﻊ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﯽﺗﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﻧﺴﻞ ﺩﻭﻡ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﮑﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﺑﯽﺳﻴﻢ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯼ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺗﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﯼ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ؛ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ( ١-١‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﺠﻤﻊ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﻭﻫﯽ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻭ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﯼ ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻓﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﯼ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻘﻞ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﺑﺎﻧﺪﭘﻬﻦ ﺑﯽ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻭﺳﻴﻊ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﺑﻠﯽ ﻭ ‪ DSL‬ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﯽ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﭘﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻭ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺩﻫﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﻳﺎﺑﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﻣﺨﻔﻒ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ‪ Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮐﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﯼ ‪ IEEE‬ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮﮊﯼ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﯽ ﺗﺎ ‪ ٥٠‬ﮐﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ‪،‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﻓﺮﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻩ‬
‫ﮊﺍﻧﻮﻳﻪ ‪ ٢٠١٠‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﮐﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ‪ ٥٥٥‬ﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺧﻴﻠﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻡ ‪ Like WiFi, only to the max‬ﻣﯽ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻨﺪ!‬

‫‪٧‬‬
 ‫‪ ( ٢-١‬ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ﻭ ﺗﻠﻔﻦ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺗﺎﺭﺧﭽﻪ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺠﺎﻳﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻱ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺣﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﻃﻲ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﻳﻞ ﺭﻭﺑﻪ ﺭﺷﺪﻱ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ﻣﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ﻣﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﮔﻮﺷﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻠﻔﻦ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﭘﺮﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺗﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﮔﻮﺷﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻠﻔﻦ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺗﻠﻔﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍﻫﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ : ١-١‬ﺯﻳﺮﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺗﻨﻮﻋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ‬

‫‪ ( ٣-١‬ﺭﺍﻫﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮﯼ ‪: WiMAX‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ : ٢-١‬ﺷﺎﻭﻥ ﻣﺎﻟﻮﻧﻲ‬

‫ﻣﺨﺘﺮﻉ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺁﺭﻭﮔﻴﺎﺳﻮﺍﻣﯽ ﭘﺎﻭﻟﺮﺍﯼ)ﻳﮑﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻴﻦ ‪communicatios beceem‬‬

‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﻭ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﮐﻤﺒﺮﻳﺞ ﻭ ﭘﺪﺭ ‪ wimax‬ﻣﯽ ﺩﺍﻧﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﻭ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﮐﺴﯽ ﻧﺒﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﯼ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺍﻣﺎ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺮﮐﺘﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﻞ ﺑﻔﺮﻭﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﻋﺪ ﮐﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﯼ ﻭ ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﯼ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺑﺪﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﺣﻖ ﺍﺧﺘﺮﺍﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺤﺼﺎﺭﯼ ﺁﻧﺘﻦ ﺧﺎﺹ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﯼ ‪ wimax‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﯼ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﻔﺎ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽ ﺭﺳﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺑﺮﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﯼ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻬﻢ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﯼ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺁﻭﺭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﯼ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺧﻮﺩ ﮔﺮﺩ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫‪٨‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ‪ wimax‬ﺩﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﻋﺠﻴﺐ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﻫﺎﻳﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﻭ ﺳﻠﻴﻘﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮔﺮﺩ ﻫﻢ ﺁﻣﺪﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻠﻖ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻭﻳﺞ‬
‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﯼ ﺍﯼ ﮐﻮﺷﻴﺪﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻳﮏ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﻣﻐﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﺎﻭﺭﺩ؛ ﺁﻥ ﻫﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻫﻴﭻ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﺍﯼ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﯼ ﺩﺭ ﮐﺸﻮﺭ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﮐﺎﺑﻠﯽ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻫﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﯼ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮﺍﺗﯽ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺩﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ‬
‫ﻃﻲ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ : ١- ٢‬ﺳﻴﺮ ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ‬

‫‪ ( ١-٢‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪: IEEE 802.16‬‬

‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﯽ ﮐﻪ ﭘﻴﺮﺍﻣﻮﻥ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﯼ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﻭﺳﻴﻊ ﺗﺮﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﯼ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ‬

‫ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ ٨٠٢.١٦‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﺳﺎﺯﯼ ‪IEEE‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻋﺪﺩ ‪ ١٦‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﮐﺎﺭﯼ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﯽ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﻭﺳﻴﻊ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ١٩٩٩‬ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﺗﺸﮑﻴﻞ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ‬
‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﻭﺳﻴﻊ ﺑﯽ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺷﻬﺮﯼ ﺟﺎﯼ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﯽ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﻭ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻭﺳﻴﻌﯽ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﯽ ﺷﻬﺮﯼ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ‬

‫ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﻣﺶ ﺑﯽ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪٩‬‬
‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻭ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﯼ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﻭ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺗﯽ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺳﻮﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﯽ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﮔﺮﻭﻫﯽ ﺗﺤﺖ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ‪ WiMAX Forum‬ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ؛ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺄﻣﻮﺭﻳﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻭﻳﺞ ﻭ ﺍﻋﻄﺎﯼ ﻣﺠﻮﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺑﯽ ﺳﻴﻤﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﯼ ﻭ‬

‫ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻳﮑﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ( ٢-٢‬ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩﻳﻪ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ‪ IEEE ٨٠٢.١٦‬ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻌﺮﻑ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻭﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮﮊﯼ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻳﮏ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪،‬ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﯽ‬

‫ﻭ ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﯼ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﺗﺤﺎﻳﺪﻩ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩﻳﻪ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺭﺳﻤﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ۲۰۰۱‬ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪﻳﻪ ﻭ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﺍﺕ ‪ IEEE ٨٠٢.١٦‬ﮐﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﮐﺮﺩ‪.‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻳﮏ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﮐﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺭﻭﻧﻖ ﻭ ﮐﻢ ﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩﻳﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﻡ ﺑﻮﺩ‪،‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ۲۰۰۳‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺷﺪ‪.‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﻞ ﻭ ﮐﻤﯽ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻧﻮﮐﻴﺎ‪،‬ﻧﻘﺶ ﺭﻫﺒﺮﯼ ﻭ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩﻳﻪ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ‬

‫ﻧﻮﮐﻴﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﺭﻭﯼ ﻓﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﯼ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻧﺴﻞ ﺳﻮﻡ ﮐﻢ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﻞ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﻧﻮﮐﻴﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩﻳﻪ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻋﻀﺎﯼ‬
‫ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩﻳﻪ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﻫﺎﺩﯼ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻭﺷﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ‪،‬ﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭﯼ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻫﺎ‪،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﻴﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺠﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮﺍﺗﯽ‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩﻳﻪ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﺩﺭ ﮐﺎﺭﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﯽ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫•ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﯼ )‪(AWG‬‬

‫•ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﮔﻮﺍﻫﯽ ﻭ ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪﻳﻪ )‪(CWG‬‬

‫•ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭﻳﺎﺑﯽ )‪(MWG‬‬

‫•ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ )‪(NWG‬‬

‫•ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﯽ )‪(RWG‬‬

‫•ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﺗﮑﻨﻴﮑﯽ ﻭ ﻓﻨﯽ )‪(TWG‬‬

‫•ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ )‪(SPWG‬‬

‫ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩﻳﻪ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻮﺭﻳﻪ ‪ ۲۰۰۶‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﻻﮔﺎﯼ ﺍﺳﭙﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻡ "ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺳﺘﮑﺎﻡ" ﺍﻓﺘﺘﺎﺡ ﮐﺮﺩ‪.‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ‪،‬ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺌﻮﻝ ﮐﺮﻩ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ ﻭ ﺳﻮﻣﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻴﻦ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﯼ ﮐﺮﺩ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﮐﻨﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ ۱۵۰‬ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺳﺎﺯﯼ ‪ IEEE ٨٠٢.١٦‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﯼ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮐﻤﻴﺘﻪ ‪ IEEE ٨٠٢.١٦‬ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺎ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ : ١-٢‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬

‫‪-٨٠٢.١٦‬‬
‫‪٨٠٢.١٦m ٨٠٢.١٦e‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪۱۶/۸۰۲a ۱۶/۸۰۲‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠٤‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ‬
‫‪۲۰۰۹‬‬ ‫‪۲۰۰۵‬‬ ‫‪۲۰۰۴‬‬ ‫‪۲۰۰۳‬‬ ‫‪۲۰۰۱‬‬
‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ‬

‫‪١٠‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ‪ …,IEEE802.16 b,d,g,h,j‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻧﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯼ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﮔﻔﺖ ‪ IEEE٨٠٢.١٦‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺍﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﺳﺖ ‪،‬ﻧﻪ ﻳﮏ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻭ ﻳﮏ ﭘﺎﺭﭼﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫‪ Wimax‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻭﺭﻳﻞ ‪ ٢٠٠٢‬ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺷﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ )‪ (pmp‬ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﻩ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﻲ ‪ ١٠‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ٦٦‬ﮔﻴﮕﺎﻫﺮﺗﺰ ﻛﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ ﺩﻳﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺖ ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺿﻌﻔﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺁﻣﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ lEEE 802.16 b‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﮊﺍﭘﻦ ‪ ٢٠٠٣‬ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﻲ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ‪٢‬ﺗﺎ‪ ١١‬ﮔﻴﮕﺎﻫﺮﺗﺰ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺩﻳﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ‪ Wimax‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﻲ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ ٥ :‬ﮔﻴﮕﺎﻫﺮﺗﺰ ﻭ ‪ ٣/٥‬ﮔﻴﮕﺎﻫﺮﺗﺰ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ‪ ٥‬ﮔﻴﮕﺎﻫﺮﺗﺰ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﻮﺯ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﺎ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ‪ ١٠٠‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻭﺍﺕ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻛﺮﺩ ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ‪ ٣٠‬ﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﺤﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻭﺳﻴﻊﺗﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺁﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ‪ ٣/٥‬ﮔﻴﮕﺎﻫﺮﺗﺰ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﻮﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻳﻚ ﻭﺍﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺩ ‪٥٠‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺠﻮﺯ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‪ IEEE 802.16-2004 ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﯽ‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺎ ‪ ، IEEE802.16d‬ﻳﮑﯽ ﺍﻧﮕﺎﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺍﻣﺎ ‪ IEEE802.16d‬ﭼﻨﺪﯼ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ‪ IEEE 802.16-2004‬ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪﻑ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻧﺴﺘﻴﺘﻮ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ )‪ (ETSI‬ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻣﺪ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻼ ﺑﺎ ‪ IEEE 802.16-2004‬ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ IEEE 802.16e‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﺻﻼﺣﻴﻪ ﺍﯼ ﺑﺮ ‪ IEEE 802.16-2004‬ﺑﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﺍﺯ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﺿﺎﻑ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﺳﻴﺎﺭ ﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﺳﺖ‪ IEEE 802.16m .‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬

‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻭﺍﯼ ﻣﮑﺲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﺳﻴﺎﺭ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺻﻮﺗﯽ ﻭ ﮐﺎﻧﺪﻳﺪﺍﯼ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﯼ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮﮊﯼ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ‪ (IMT-Advanced) ITU‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩﻳﻪ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺘﻌﻬﺪ ﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﯼ ﻭ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ IEEE 802.16e‬ﺣﻔﻆ ﮐﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ‪ IEEE 802.16m‬ﺭﺍ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﻌﻠﯽ ﺧﻮﺩ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ : ٢-٢‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺑﻴﺘﻲ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ]‪[1‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺡ‬

‫ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺲ‬ ‫‪Bit Rate‬‬ ‫‪Fixed / Mobile‬‬

‫‪802.16a‬‬ ‫‪2-11 GHz‬‬ ‫‪32-134 Mbps at 28MHz‬‬ ‫)‪Fixed (NLoS‬‬

‫‪802.16b‬‬ ‫‪5 , 6 GHz‬‬ ‫‪32-134 Mbps at 128 MHz‬‬ ‫)‪Fixed (NLoS‬‬
‫‪802.16c‬‬ ‫‪66 -10 GHz‬‬ ‫‪32-134 Mbps at 128 MHz‬‬ ‫)‪Fixed (LoS‬‬
‫‪802.16d‬‬ ‫‪2-11 GHz‬‬ ‫‪Up to 75 Mbps at 20 MHz‬‬ ‫)‪Fixed (NLoS‬‬
‫‪802.16e‬‬ ‫‪2-11 GHz‬‬ ‫‪Up to 15 Mbps at 5 MHz‬‬ ‫)‪Mobile (NLoS‬‬

‫‪ ( ٣-٢‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ‪:‬‬

‫‪١١‬‬
 ‫‪: IEEE 802.16a‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥ ﮐﺎﺳﺘﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ ‪ 802.11‬ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ‪ BWA‬ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭ ‪ WLAN‬ﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪802.16a‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ .١‬ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ‪ 256 Point FFT OFDM‬ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ‪ HiperMAN‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .٢‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ‪BWA‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ‬

‫‪ .٣‬ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ‬
‫‪ .٤‬ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ‪ LOS‬ﻭ ‪NLOS‬‬

‫‪ .٥‬ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺻﻮﺕ ﻭ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ‬

‫‪ .٦‬ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮﺥ ‪ ٧٠Mbps‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ‪CDMA‬‬

‫‪: IEEE 802.16-2004‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻱ ‪802.16-2004‬‬

‫• ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻭﻻﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‪:‬‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪ OFDM‬ﻣﺪﻭﻻﺳﻴﻮﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ‪ SOFDMA‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺣﺖﺗﺮ ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫• ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﻧﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ )ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﻮﺯ(‪:‬‬

‫ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﻲ ﻣﺠﻮﺯﺩﺍﺭ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻌﻲ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻧﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﻧﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺧﺬ‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻮﺯ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫• ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ‬

‫‪: IEEE 802.16e‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺎﹰ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ 802.16a‬ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﮐﻪ ‪ 802.16a‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭ ‪ 802.16e‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﮎ‬

‫ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻱ ‪: 802.16e‬‬

‫• ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺤﺮﻙﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ‪ 802.16e‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺤﺮﻙﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ‪ hand off‬ﺗﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ‪ ١٢٠‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‪ ،‬ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﺎﺗﺮﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﮔﻮﺷﻲﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺳﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫• ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ‬

‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ 802.16e‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰﻩﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺘﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﻓﻘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺎﺭ‪،‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪١٢‬‬
 ‫• ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﻲ‬

‫ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰﻩﻛﺮﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﻭ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬

‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﺎﹰ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﻃﻴﻒ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﻲ ﺭﻧﺞ ﻣﻲﺑﺮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 802.16-2004‬ﻳﺎ ‪ 802.16e‬ﻛﺪﺍﻣﻴﻚ ؟‬

‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﺔ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻛﻪ ﺑﮕﺬﺭﻳﻢ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 802.16-2004‬ﻭ ‪ 802.16e‬ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﻚ ﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺗﻠﻔﻦ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ‪ 802.16e‬ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﻲ ﺑﻲﺳﻴﻢ‬

‫)‪ (WISP‬ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﻛﻢﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ‪ 802.16-2004‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﮔﺬﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺳﻴﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﺶﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ‬

‫)ﺑﻴﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ‪ SLA ،‬ﻭ‪ (....‬ﻭ‪ ...‬ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ‪ 802.16-2004‬ﻭ ‪ 802.16e‬ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ‬

‫ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎﹰ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺎﻛﺰﻳﻤﻢ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻜﺘﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪) 15Mbps‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ‪ ۵‬ﻣﮕﺎﻫﺮﺗﺰ( ﻭ ‪) 35Mbps‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ‪۱۰‬‬

‫ﻣﮕﺎﻫﺮﺗﺰ( ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ )‪ (BS‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﭘﺮ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻨﺪﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ )ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ‪ ،CPE‬ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﻲ‪،‬‬

‫ﺗﺤﺮﻙﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ‪ (...،‬ﻫﻢ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ‪ 802.16-2004‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭ ‪ 802.16e‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺳﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ‬

‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﻜﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪: IEEE 802.16m‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺧﻮﺻﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﺎ ﺳﻘﻒ ‪ ١٠٠‬ﻣﮕﺎﺑﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ‪ ٦٠‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ٢٥٠‬ﮐﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﯽ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻋﻄﻒ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺁﯼ ﺗﯽ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻳﮏ ﻓﺮﺩ ﻋﺎﺩﯼ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺭﺍ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻔﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺁﻣﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ‪١٠٠‬ﻣﮓ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻳﮏ ﮐﺎﺑﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ‬
‫ﮐﺎﺭ ‪،‬ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻭﻳﺪﺋﻮ ﮐﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﭘﺮﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﭘﺮﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﻫﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺩﮐﻞ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﻫﺮ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻫﻢ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﮕﺬﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮎ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻧﯽ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ )‪ (Low Mobility‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻳﮏ ﮔﻴﮕﺎﺑﺎﻳﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﻮﻳﻨﺖ ﺗﻮ ﭘﻮﻳﻨﺖ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻟﻴﺰﺭ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺧﻴﻠﯽ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻣﺎ ﻗﻄﻌﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﯼ ﭘﻮﻳﻨﺖ ﺗﻮ ﻣﺎﻟﺘﯽ ﭘﻮﻳﻨﺖ ﻭ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻴﺴﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ ‪ .‬ﻣﺰﻳﺖ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ‪ 802.16m‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﯼ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺴﻞ ﺳﻮﻡ ﻭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﻣﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻼﺵ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺳﻮﻡ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﻭ ‪ MAC‬ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ‬

‫‪ ( ۱-۳‬ﻻﻳﻪ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﺩﺭ ‪: ۸۰۲.۱۶‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺳﺎﺩﻩﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻭﻻﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪﺑﺎﺷﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺎﺳﺎﹰ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﻭﻻﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﻃﻼﻕ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻮﺩﻡ ﻣﺜﻼ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻣﺪﻭﻻﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ‬

‫ﺩﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻮﮒ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﺪﺍ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﮔﺬﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺗﻠﻔﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﺎﺑﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻳﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺳﻴﻨﻮﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺳﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻧﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ‬

‫ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻧﺎﺗﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﻤﻞ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ )‪ (Carrier‬ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ‪ .‬ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ‬

‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ‪.‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺜﻼ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ ١٠‬ﮔﻴﮕﺎﻫﺮﺗﺰ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺻﻠﺐ )ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺜﻼ‬

‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎ(ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻃﻴﻒ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﻲ ‪ ٩٠٠‬ﻭ ‪ ١٨٠٠‬ﻣﮕﺎﻫﺮﺗﺰ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻠﻔﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪ GSM‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺎﺳﺎﹰ ﻣﺪﻭﻻﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻲﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻳﻲ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ )ﺻﻔﺮ ﻭﻳﻚﻫﺎ( ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﻪ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ )‪ ،(ASK‬ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ )‪ (FSK‬ﻭ ﻓﺎﺯ)‪(PSK‬ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺻﻮﻻﹰ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﻣﺪﻭﻻﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ )ﺑﻴﺖﻫﺎ ( ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬

‫ﻣﺪﻭﻻﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻓﺎﺯ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﺗﺎﻳﻲ)‪ (QPSK‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻥ ﺩﻭ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ‪ .‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﻴﺖﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺣﺪﻱﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻﹰ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﻲﺳﻴﻢ ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﻋﻜﺲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﻣﺪﻭﻻﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪﺗﺮ ‪ QAM‬ﺗﻠﻔﻴﻘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﻭ ﻓﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺮﺥﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺭﺍ )ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ( ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥﭘﺬﻳﺮ‬

‫ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ‪ QAM 16‬ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻫﺮ ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ‪ QAM 64‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ١٦‬ﺑﻴﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻫﻨﺮ ‪ Wimax‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﺁﻧﺘﻦ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ‪ QAM 64‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺩﻭﺭﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ‬

‫‪ QAM 16‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﻓﺎﺯﻱ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﺗﺎﻳﻲ )‪(QPSK‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ‬

‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﻭ ﭘﻮﻳﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ : ١- ٣‬ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﭘﻠﮑﺴﻴﻨﮓ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﯽ )‪ (TDD‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺩﺍﭘﻠﮑﺴﻴﻨﮓ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺩﻭﺳﻮﻳﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﺴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻭ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﻳﺎ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺴﯽ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ‪ .‬ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﭘﻠﮑﺴﻴﻨﮓ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺴﯽ ‪ FDD‬ﻧﻴﺰ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﺮﺩ‪.‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﺰﻳﺖ ﻫﺎﯼ ﭼﺸﻢ ﮔﻴﺮﺗﺮﯼ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬ﻣﺜﻼ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ )‪ (UpLink‬ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮎ )‪ (DownLink‬ﺍﺯ ﻳﮏ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬ﺣﺎﻝ ﺁﻥ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺴﯽ ‪،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﯽ ﺭﺳﺪ‪.‬ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﺩﻳﺘﺎﻳﯽ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﭘﻠﮑﺴﻴﻨﮓ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﯽ‬

‫ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﮔﯽ ﮐﻢ ﺗﺮﯼ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯﺍﻥ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻓﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﯼ ﺁﻧﺘﻦ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﻫﻢ ﮔﺎﻡ ﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﯼ ‪TDD‬‬

‫ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﮔﯽ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﯼ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻻﻳﻪ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﭘﻠﻜﺴﻴﻨﮓ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﻲ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ ) ‪ ( OFDM‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ OFDM .‬ﺷﻤﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺑﺎﻻ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺪﺋﻮ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﭼﻨﺪﺭﺳﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻣﻴﺴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ OFDM .‬ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻧﺪﻭﺳﻴﻊ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ‬

‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﺧﻂ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﺩﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎﻝ ) ‪ ، ( DSL‬ﻭﺍﻱ ﻓﺎﻱ ﻭ ﻭﻳﺪﺋﻮﻱ ﺩﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﭘﻬﻦ ) ‪ ( DVB‬ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺴﻞ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻃﻴﻒ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻓﻴﺪﻳﻨﮓ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺪﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ( ١-١-٣‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪[3]( Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) OFDM‬ﻭ]‪[1‬‬

‫‪١۵‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﺓ‬
‫ﮔﻴﮕﺎﻫﺮﺗﺰ ﻣﻘﺪﻭﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﯽ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ‪ OFDM‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺳﻤﺒﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ‬

‫ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻩ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﻥ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎﻱ‬
‫ﭘﺮﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﺭﻭﺯﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﯽ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﻥ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﯼ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺻﻮﺕ‪ ،‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻭ ﺩﻳﺘﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮﻱ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺴﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ‪ ،‬ﺳﻌﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻴﺪﻳﻨﮓ‪،‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻫﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﮏ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻲ ﺳﻴﻢ ﭘﺮﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﻭﻻﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺣﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻮﻳﮋﻩ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺴﯽ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ ‪ OFDM‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ OFDM .‬ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺣﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺩﺳﺘﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺑﻴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺮ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻫﺮﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺣﺎﻣﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺪﻭﻟـﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﮕﻴﺰﺓ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ‪،OFDM‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻬﺎﯼ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺯﻳﺮﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ‬

‫ﺳﻤﺒﻞ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ ﺗﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﻤﺒﻠﻲ ﻳﺎ‪Inter Symbol Interference) ISI‬‬

‫( ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﺍﻳﯽ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻩ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻣﯽ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﻳﺎ ‪ FDM‬ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﺪﺓ‬

‫ﺍﻭﻟﻴﺔﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻫﺔ‪١٩٥٠‬ﺑﺮﻣﯽ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﺔ‪١٩٦٠‬ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺣﺎﻣﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺗﮑﻨﻴﮏ ‪ OFDM‬ﺣﺎﻣﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﻫﻢ ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﺣﺎﻣﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺣﺎﻣﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﺮﻏﻢ ﺍﻳﻨﮑﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺲ ﻫﻤﭙﻮﺷﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ‪،‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺰﻳﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻫﻲ ﻃﻴﻔﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ‪١٩٧١‬‬

‫ﻭﻳﻨﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺑﺮﺕ ﺍﻳﺪﺓ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻓﻮﺭﻳﻪ ﮔﺴﺴﺘﻪ ﺭﺍﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﯼ ‪ OFDM‬ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﻮﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬

‫ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻗﺪﻡ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﻠﺪ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻳﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ‪ ١٩٨٠‬ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺴﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﺪ‬

‫ﺣﺎﻣﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲ ‪ OFDM‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺁﻥ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ‬

‫ﻧﻘﺶ ﻛﺪﻳﻨﮓ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ‪ OFDM‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﻲ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﻮﻳﮋﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺴﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ ‪ ،‬ﭘﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻩ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ‬

‫ﺗﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺳﻤﺒﻠﻲ‪ ISI‬ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﻩ ﺗﺎﺧﻴﺮ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪ Tm‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺳﻤﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ‪ T‬ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ,‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻚ ﺣﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻤﺒﻞ‬
‫‪Tm‬‬
‫ﺳﻤﺒﻞ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻤﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬
‫‪T‬‬
‫‪Tm‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺯﻳﺮﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﺳﻤﺒﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺳﻤﺒﻞ ‪T‬‬ ‫‪،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬
‫‪T‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ‪ N‬ﺭﺷﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻫﺮ ﮐﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﺗﺮ ‪ N.T‬ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻤﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻩ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻤﺒﻞ ﺗﺤﺖ‬
‫‪Tm‬‬
‫ﺳﻤﺒﻞ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺧﻄﺎﻱ‪ ISI‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺣﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻚ ﺣﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬
‫‪N .T‬‬
‫ﺗﮑﻨﻴﮏ ‪ OFDM‬ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺣﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻫﻲ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﻧﻬﻔﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺯﻳﺮﺣﺎﻣﻠﻬﺎ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺎﻣﻠﻬﺎ ﻫﻤﭙﻮﺷﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﭼﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﺔ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﻲ ﺯﻳﺮ‬

‫ﺣﺎﻣﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪١۶‬‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﻭﻻﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﺪﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺧﻴﻠﯽ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮﯼ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﺪﻭﻻﺳﻴﻮﻥ ‪ QAM‬ﻳﺎ ‪Quadrature‬‬

‫‪ Amplitude Modulation‬ﻣﯽ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﻳﻢ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﻣﺪﻭﻻﺳﻴﻮﻥ ‪ OFDM‬ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻴﻢ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺮﺽ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ ﻳﮏ ﭘﺮﻳﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻳﮏ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺳﻴﻨﻮﺳﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻳﮑﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺎﺯﻫﺎﯼ ‪ ٠‬ﻳﺎ ‪ ٤٥‬ﻳﺎ ‪ ٩٠‬ﻳﺎ ‪ ١٣٥‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ‪ ١‬ﻳﺎ ‪ ٢‬ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﻢ‪.‬ﭼﻮﻥ ﻓﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ‪ ٤‬ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻭ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ‪ ٢‬ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ ٨ ,‬ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﯽ ﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬ﻳﻌﻨﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻢ ‪ ٣‬ﺑﻴﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺩﻫﻴﻢ‪.‬ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﯼ ‪ ٣‬ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‪ ,‬ﻳﮏ‬
‫ﭘﺮﻳﻮﺩ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺳﻴﻨﻮﺳﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺴﯽ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ)ﻭ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ( ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻳﮑﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻭﻻﺳﻴﻮﻥ ‪ (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) OFDM‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻣﻮﺝ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ‬

‫‪ QAM‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ‪ Carrier‬ﻫﺎﻳﯽ)ﻣﻮﺝ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﻴﻨﻮﺳﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﺎﻻ( ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﯼ ﮐﻨﺎﺭ ﻫﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺲ ﻫﺎﻳﯽ)‪ (tone‬ﭼﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﯽ‬
‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺗﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺴﯽ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺲ ﻫﺎﯼ ‪ , Carrier‬ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ OFDM‬ﻳﮏ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺪﻭﻻﺳﻴﻮﻥ ‪ Multicarrier‬ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬ﻳﻌﻨﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻳﮏ ﭘﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﺪ ‪ Carrier‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻳﮑﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺿﻌﻒ‬
‫‪ ،OFDM‬ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﯼ ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺲ ﻭ ﻓﺎﺯ ﺩﺭﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﻳﻌﻨﯽ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﯽ ﺳﻨﮑﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﭼﻨﺪ ‪ Carrier‬ﺩﺭ ‪ OFDM‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝ )‪ (channel estimation‬ﻭ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﻭ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺧﻄﺎ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ‪ (Coded OFDM) COFDM‬ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ OFDM‬ﻫﻢ ﺍﮐﻨﻮﻥ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮﮊﯼ ﻭﺍﻳﺮﻟﺲ ‪ Wireless‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ .‬ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺖ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ‪ , OFDM‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪multipath‬‬

‫‪ effect‬ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬ﻭﻗﺘﯽ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻮﺍﻧﻌﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ‪ ,‬ﺍﻧﻌﮑﺎﺱ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‪ ,‬ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻧﻘﻠﻴﻪ ﻭ ‪ ...‬ﻣﻮﺟﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﯽ ﺭﺳﺪ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺗﺮﮐﻴﺐ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺎﺧﻴﺮ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺛﺮ ‪ multipath effect‬ﻳﺎ ‪ multipath fading‬ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﯽ‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﺯﻋﺮﺽ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝ)‪ (efficiency spectral‬ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺪﺍﺧﻞ ‪ (RF inference) RF‬ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺰﻳﺖ ﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫‪ OFDM‬ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫‪ OFDM‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻳﮏ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ )‪ (Multiple Access‬ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﻳﮏ‬

‫ﺳﺮﯼ ‪ (tone) Carrier‬ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﺶ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎ ﺹ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ‪ (channel allocation) Carrier‬ﺑﺮ‬

‫ﺣﺴﺐ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺷﺪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮﮊﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯽ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﻲ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺷﻬﺮﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻣﺤﻠﯽ‬

‫ﺑﯽ ﺳﻴﻢ ‪ ADSL ،‬ﻭ ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ‪ PLC‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ‪ OFDM‬ﺍﺯ ‪ FDM‬ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﺮ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﻳﮏ ‪ sub-carrier‬ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻳﺘﺎ ﻣﺪﻭﻟﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ‪ FDM‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺲ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﯽ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺗﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﯼ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ ﻫﺎ ﺩﻣﺪﻭﻟﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻳﮏ ‪ FDM‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ‪ sub-carrier ٩‬ﺑﺒﻴﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫‪ OFDM‬ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺲ ﻫﺎ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻫﻢ ﻫﻤﭙﻮﺷﺎﻧﯽ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺲ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻫﻤﭙﻮﺷﺎﻧﯽ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺴﯽ ‪ ،‬ﻫﻴﭽﮕﻮﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺪﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻧﻤﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ‪ OFDM‬ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺴﯽ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ‪ sub-carrier ٩‬ﮐﻤﺘﺮ‬

‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺩﻣﺪﻭﻟﻪ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ ‪ OFDM‬ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ‪ DFT‬ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ ‪ .‬ﮐﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻴﭗ ﻫﺎﯼ ‪ FFT‬ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺩﮔﯽ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ OFDM‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ‪ ٢٥٦‬ﺳﺎﺏ ﮐﺎﺭﻳﺮ ‪ sub carrier‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ‪ ١٩٢‬ﺗﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺩﻳﺘﺎ ‪ ٨ ،‬ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻠﻮﺕ ﻭ ‪ ٥٦‬ﺗﺎ ﭘﻮﭺ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻳﯽ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ ،‬ﻫﺮ ﺳﺎﺏ ﮐﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵ ﻳﺎ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻳﮏ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻳﺎ ﻳﮏ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫‪١٧‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﻭﻻﺳﻴﻮﻥ ‪ ( phase shift keying ) PSK‬ﻭ ) ‪ ( QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻟﯽ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻫﺮ ‪ sub carrier‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻫﺮ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ‪ ١٩٢‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﯼ ﺷﮑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻳﮏ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮﺥ‬

‫‪ ١٩٢/١‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻳﮏ ‪ sub carrier‬ﻧﮕﺎﺷﺖ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ‪ PSK‬ﻭ ‪ QAM‬ﻣﺪﻭﻟﻪ ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ‪sub .‬‬

‫‪ carrier‬ﻫﺎﯼ ﭘﺎﻳﻠﻮﺕ ﻳﮏ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺷﺴﻔﺖ ﻓﺎﺯ ﻭ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺲ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ‪ sub carrir‬ﻫﺎﯼ ﭘﻮﭺ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﻭ‬
‫‪ DC‬ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻴﺴﺎﺯﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﮑﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﯼ ﺍﺯ ‪ OFDM‬ﺑﺎ ‪ ٢٥٦‬ﺳﺎﺏ ﮐﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺑﺒﻴﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ( ٢-١-٣‬ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ‪ OFDM‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ‪ [3]:‬ﻭ]‪[1‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ﻣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﭘﻠﮑﺴﻴﻨﮓ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺴﯽ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ )‪ (OFDM‬ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﯼ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﭘﻠﮑﺴﻴﻨﮓ‬
‫ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﺑﮑﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪:‬‬

‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﮔﯽ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ‪: OFDM‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﺣﺘﯽ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ‪ FFT‬ﻭ ‪ IFFT‬ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺭﺷﺪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻳﺎ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﮐﻤﯽ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺧﻄﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻓﺖ ﻳﮑﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮ‪:‬‬

‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻳﮏ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪ OFDM‬ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ‪ OFDM‬ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻳﮑﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ‬

‫ﻭ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯽ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺑﺎ ﺑﮑﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﯼ ﮐﺪﻳﻨﮓ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻭﻻﺳﻴﻮﻥ)‪ OFDM ، (Adaptive Modulation and Coding - AMC‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﯽ ﺳﺎﺯﺩ‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺁﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻓﻠﮑﯽ )‪ (Constellation Diagram‬ﻭ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻟﯽ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻫﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ‬

‫ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﯽ )‪ (Delay Spread‬ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﯼ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻳﻮﺭﺳﻴﺘﯽ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺴﯽ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﮑﻨﻴﮏ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﺎﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺲ ﻭ ﻓﻀﺎ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﮐﻴﺐ ‪ ، OFDM‬ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ﻧﻬﯽ ﺯﻳﺮﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺲ ﻭ ‪ ، FEC‬ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺧﻄﺎﯼ ﺑﺮﺳﺖ )‪(Burst‬‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻣﺤﻮ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ )‪ (Deep Fade‬ﻗﺴﻤﺘﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻃﻴﻒ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺨﺸﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺸﺘﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻳﺮﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﺑﯽ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﮑﻨﻴﮏ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﭼﻨﺪﮔﺎﻧﻪ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ OFDM‬ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺯﻳﺮﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﮏ ﺷﻤﺎﯼ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﭼﻨﺪﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ‪ OFDMA‬ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻡ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﺳﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﮑﺎﺭ ﻣﯽ ﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺗﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﺭﻳﮏ ‪:‬‬

‫‪١٨‬‬
 ‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﻳﻴﮑﻪ ﺗﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﺭﻳﮏ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﺯﻳﺮﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﯽ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﺩ‪ OFDM ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻧﺴﺒﯽ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻳﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﮑﻨﻴﮏ ‪ OFDM‬ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺒﯽ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺣﺪﺍﮐﺜﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ )‪ (PAPR‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ ‪ OFDM‬ﺑﺎﻻ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻋﻮﺟﺎﺝ ﺑﺮﺷﯽ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ ‪ OFDM‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺮﺯﺵ ﻓﺎﺯ ﻭ ﭘﺮﺍﮐﻨﺶ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺴﯽ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﻳﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻟﺮﺯﺵ ﻓﺎﺯ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺸﮑﻼﺗﯽ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﭘﺮﺍﮐﻨﺶ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺴﯽ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﻤﺒﻞ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﺮ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪ OFDM‬ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﭼﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺪﻭﻻﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻭ‬

‫ﺩﻣﺪﻭﻻﺳﻴﻮﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﻠﻮﮎ ﻣﺪﻭﻻﺗﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺪﻭﻻﺗﻮﺭ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ( ٢-٣‬ﻻﻳﻪ ‪ MAC‬ﺩﺭ ‪: Wimax‬‬

‫ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻻﻳﻪ ‪ MAC‬ﺩﺭ ‪ ، Wimax‬ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻳﻚ ﻭﺍﺳﻂ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﻭ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ .‬ﻻﻳﻪ ‪ MAC‬ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻻﻳـﻪ ﺑـﺎﻻﺗﺮ‬
‫ﻣـﻲ ﮔﻴـﺮﺩ‪.‬ﻭ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻘـﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ ﻫـﻮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟـﺐ ﻭﺍﺣـﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻜـﻞ ‪MPDUs : MAC protocol Data Units)MAC‬‬
‫(ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﺣـﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺳـﺮﻭﻳﺲ ‪ (MSDUs : MAC Service Data Units) MAC‬ﻧﺎﻣﻴـﺪﻩ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻻﻳﻪ ‪ MAC‬ﻋﻜﺲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺎﺕ ﺑـﺎﻻ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﻣـﻲ ﺩﻫـﺪ ‪ .‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣـﻲ ‪ MAC‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ‪ IEEE 802.16 - 2004‬ﻭ‬
‫‪ ، IEEE 802.16e‬ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺯﻳﺮﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻳﺮﻻﻳﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑـﺎ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻜـﻞ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﮔﻮﻧـﺎﮔﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻻﻳـﻪ ﺑـﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﻣﺎﻧﻨـﺪ ‪ATM‬‬
‫)‪ ، (Asynchronouse Transfer Mode‬ﺻﺪﺍﻱ ‪ ، TDM‬ﺍﺗﺮﻧﺖ‪ IP ،‬ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻫﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻜﻞ ﻧﺎﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺁﻣﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺗﺒـﺎﻁ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻛﻨﺪ ‪ .‬ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩﻳﻪ ‪ Wimax‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﻖ ‪ IP‬ﻭ ﺍﺗﺮﻧﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ‪ IP‬ﻭ ﺍﺗﺮﻧﺖ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻳﻚ‬
‫ﻧﮕﺎﺷﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺮ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻫﺮ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻇـﺎﻳﻒ ﻻﻳـﻪ ‪MAC‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ‪ Wimax‬ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ‪:‬‬
‫• ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻦ ‪ MSDU‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﻭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ‪MPDU‬ﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﺮﺳﺖ)‪(Burst Profile‬ﻣﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﻭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ‪MPDU‬ﻫﺎ‬
‫• ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ‪MPDU‬ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻄﺎ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ )‪(ARQ‬‬
‫• ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ‪ Qos‬ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ‪MPDU‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻟﻴﻨﮓ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ‬
‫• ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ‪MPDU‬ﻫﺎ‬
‫• ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺗﺤﺮﻙ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ‬
‫• ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﺪ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺷﻤﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻻﻳﻪ ‪ MAC‬ﺩﺭ ‪Wimax‬‬

‫‪١٩‬‬
 ‫ﻻﻳﻪ ‪ MAC‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ‪[2]:‬‬
‫‪ .١‬ﺯﻳﺮﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ )‪( CS : Convergence Sublayer‬‬

‫‪ .٢‬ﺯﻳﺮﻻﻳﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ‬

‫‪ .٣‬ﺯﻳﺮﻻﻳﻪ ﺍﻣﻨﻴﺖ‬

‫ﺯﻳﺮﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﺳﻄﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ MAC‬ﻭ ﻻﻳﻪ ‪ ٣‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ) ‪ MAC ( MSDU‬ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ‪ CS .‬ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻝ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻜﻞ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﮔﻲ ﺳﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻧﮕﺎﺷﺖ ﺁﺩﺭﺱ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺯﻳﺮﻻﻳﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ‪ MSDU‬ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ‪ MPDU‬ﻫﺎ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ‬

‫‪ MPDU‬ﻫﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ‪ QOS‬ﻭ ‪. ARQ‬‬

‫ﺯﻳﺮﻻﻳﻪ ﺍﻣﻨﻴﺖ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻝ ﺭﻣﺰﻧﮕﺎﺭﻱ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺭﺩﻭﺑﺪﻝ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻦ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻣﺰﻧﮕﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ MS‬ﻭ ‪ BS‬ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ MAC‬ﺩﺭ ‪ Wimax‬ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺗﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ‪ATM‬ﻭ ‪DOCSIS:Data Over Cable service‬‬
‫)‪(Interface Specification‬ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﺸﻴﻨﻪ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻻ ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ‪ MAC .‬ﺩﺭ ‪ Wimax‬ﺍﺯ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ‪ MPDU‬ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺁﻣﺪ ‪ MPDU‬ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﭼﻨﺪ ‪ MPDU‬ﺑﺎ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻳﻜﺴـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺎ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺳﺮ ﻫﻢ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﺑﺎﺭ ﺳﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ ﻣﻤﻜـﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﭼﻨـﺪ ‪ MSDU‬ﺑـﺎ ﺳـﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻻﻳـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪﻧﺪ ﻭﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ‪ MPDU‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﺿـﺎﻓﻲ ﺳـﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ‪ MAC‬ﺟﻠـﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑـﺮﻋﻜﺲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﻜـﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ‬
‫‪ MSDU‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ‪ MPDU‬ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺗﺮ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻓﺮﻳﻢ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘـﺪﺍﻱ ﻫـﺮ ﻓـﺮﻳﻢ ﻳـﻚ ﺳـﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ‪MAC‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ )‪ (GMH : Generic MAC Header‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻛـﻪ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺸﺨﺼـﻪ ﺍﺗﺼـﺎﻝ ) ‪CID : Connection‬‬
‫‪ ،(Identifier‬ﻃـﻮﻝ ﻓـﺮﻳﻢ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴـﺖ ﻫـﺎﻳﻲ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ ﭼﮕـﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺣﻀـﻮﺭ )‪ ((CRC : Cyclic Redundancy Check‬ﻭ ﺯﻳـﺮ ﺳـﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪،‬ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺁﻳﺎ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺭﻣﺰ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﺍﮔﺮ ﺭﻣﺰ ﺷﺪﻩ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﭼﻪ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳـﺖ ‪.‬ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ‪ MAC‬ﻣـﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺪ ﻳـﻚ ﭘﻴـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻴﺎﻡ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ‪ MSDU‬ﻫﺎ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎﻱ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﻮﻉ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺳﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻠﻮﺗﺮ ﺍﺯﺁﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻳﺪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺯﻳﺮﺳـﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴـﺘﻪ ﺑﻨـﺪﻱ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺮﺳـﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﻄﻌـﻪ ﺑﻨـﺪﻱ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻳﺮﺳﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪MAC .‬ﺩﺭ ‪ Wimax‬ﺍﺯ ‪ ARQ‬ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ‪ ARQ .‬ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ‪MSDU‬ﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ‪ MSDU‬ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻓﺮﻳﻢ ‪ ۲۰۴۷‬ﺑﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ‪ ۱۱‬ﺑﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ‪ GMH‬ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪[1].‬‬

‫‪٢٠‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻓﺮﻳﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪MAC PDU‬‬
‫‪ PMP ( ١-٢-٣‬ﻭ ‪: MESH‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ IEEE 802.16‬ﺍﺯ ‪ ۲‬ﺗﻮﭘﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ )‪ (PMP‬ﻭ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ )‪ (Mesh‬ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪[2].‬‬

‫• ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ )‪( PMP: Point to MultiPoint‬‬

‫• ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ )‪( MPMP or Mesh : Multipoint to Multipoint Multipoint‬‬

‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ ‪ QOS‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ‪ PMP‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ IEEE 802.16‬ﻭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ )‪ (BS : Base Station‬ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ‬

‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﺴﻴﻢ ‪ ، Wimax‬ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺗﺎﺧﻴﺮ ‪ ، Wimax‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ‪ ، Wimax‬ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ‪ Wimax‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ‬

‫ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻭ ﮔﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ IEEE 802.16‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ )‪ (SSs : Subscriber Stations‬ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ )‪ (BS‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﭘﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ‬
‫‪ PMP‬ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ‪ ، PMP‬ﻫﺮ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ )‪ (SS‬ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ )ﺍﺻﻠﻲ( ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ PMP.‬ﺩﺭ ‪Wimax‬‬

‫‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺁﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺳﻴﻤﻲ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ IEEE 802.16‬ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﻙ ﻭ ﺫﻫﻦ ‪QOS‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪[2].‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ‪ PMP‬ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ‪ .‬ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ‪ UL‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﺎﻳـﻪ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻳﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ‪ DL‬ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ‪MAC PDU‬ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭘﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻣـﻲ ﻛﻨـﺪ ﻭ ‪ SS‬ﻛـﺎﻓﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺗـﺎ‬
‫‪ MAC PDU‬ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻭ ﻳـﺎ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﻤـﻪ ‪SS‬ﻫـﺎ ﺁﺩﺭﺱ ﺩﻫـﻲ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﻧـﺪ ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟـﺖ ﻣـﺶ ﮔـﺮﻩ ﻫـﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ‪ad hoc‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺧﻼﻑ ‪ PMP‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﺻﺮﻳﺤﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻓﺮﻳﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ DL‬ﻭ ‪ UL‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻗـﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺗـﺎ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮﻩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮔﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮﺩ ﻣﺸـﺎﺑﻪ ‪ BS‬ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ ﻛـﻪ‬

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‫ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻚ ﻫﺎﻝ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ‪ .‬ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ‪ Mesh‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ‪ SS‬ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻟﻴﻨﻚ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﻲ ﺑـﻪ ‪SS‬ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ‪ .‬ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ )‪(Scheduling‬ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪ ‪ ، Mesh‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺎﺯ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ‪ :‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ )ﺍﻟﻒ( ‪) PMP‬ﺏ( ‪Mesh‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ‪ BS ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺮﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ‪ SS‬ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻫﺮﮔﺮﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺒﻪ ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻓﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ‬

‫ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻫﻤﺴﺎﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﻗﺪﻣﻲ )‪(two - hop‬ﮔﺮﻩ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ‪ ، PMP‬ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪(Medium Access Control) MAC‬ﻛﻨﺘـﺮﻝ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳـﻲ ﺭﺳـﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜـﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘـﺶ ﻣﻬﻤـﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﺴـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﺎﻳـﻪ‬
‫)‪(BS‬ﻭ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﻴﻦ )‪ (SSs‬ﺑﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪..‬ﻳﻚ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻑ ﻭ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻪ ‪ SFID‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪[2].‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ‪ ، PMP‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﻚ ‪ BS‬ﺗﺤﺖ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ‪ SS‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ BS‬ﻭ ‪ SS‬ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻳﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳـﻴﻠﻪ ﺗﻘﺴـﻴﻢ ﺯﻣـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳـﻲ ﭼﻨﺪﮔﺎﻧـﻪ )‪ (time division duplexing) TDD / TDMA (time division multiple access‬ﺗﻘﺴـﻴﻢ ﺯﻣـﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﻣـﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻓﺮﻳﻢ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻻﻳﻪ ‪ downlink‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ‪ BS‬ﺑﻪ ‪ SS‬ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﺯﻳﺮﻻﻳﻪ ‪ uplink‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻋﻜﺲ ﺍﺳﺖ ]‪ [1‬ﻭ]‪[2‬‬

‫‪TDMA-Frame structure‬‬

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٢٣
 ‫‪ ( ٢-٢-٣‬ﺳﺎﺯﻭﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ‪ ، Wimax‬ﻻﻳﻪ ‪ MAC‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺟﻬﺖ ‪UL‬ﻭ‪ DL‬ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻝ ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤـﻪ ﻛـﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳـﺖ ‪MS .‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺎ ‪ ، BS‬ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﭼﻨـﻴﻦ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩﻱ‬
‫‪ BS‬ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻳﻜﺠﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ‪ MS‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ‪ MS‬ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬ﻫﻤـﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣـﻪ ﺭﻳـﺰﻱ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ‪UL‬ﻭ ‪ DL‬ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ‪ BS‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ‪ BS ،DL‬ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﺭﺳـﻴﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑـﺪﻭﻥ ﺩﺧﺎﻟـﺖ ‪، MS‬‬
‫ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ‪ MS‬ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﻫﺪ ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ‪ ، UL‬ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﭘﻬﻨـﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻧـﺪ ﺑـﺮ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳـﺖ ‪ MS‬ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﻣـﻲ ﮔﻴـﺮﺩ‪.‬ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫‪ Wimax‬ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﺯﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ‪ UL‬ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ‪ MS‬ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ MS .‬ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ‪QOS‬‬
‫ﻭ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﺯ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﺪ ‪ BS .‬ﺑﻪ ﻃـﻮﺭ ﻣﺘﻨـﺎﻭﺏ ﻣﻨـﺎﺑﻊ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﻪ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻛﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻫﺮ ‪ MS‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ‪ MS‬ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨـﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﺷـﻤﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫)‪ (Polling‬ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﺮﺷﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﭼﻨﺪ ﭘﺨﺸﻲ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ‪ MS‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺮﺷﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﭼﻨﺪ ﭘﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﻼﺕ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻘﺎﺿـﺎﻱ ﭘﻬﻨـﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻧـﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻳـﻚ ﺍﺳـﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻛﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﻪ ‪ MS‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺮﺷﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺳﻌﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ‪ Wimax .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ‪ MS‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺍﺳﻼﺕ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻛﻲ ﺗﻼﺵ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺼﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ‪ MS‬ﻫﺎ ﺳﺮﺷﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ‪ MS‬ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻪ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎﻱ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬
‫]‪[1‬ﻭ]‪[4‬‬
‫‪ .۱‬ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ‪ MPDU‬ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ‬
‫‪ .۲‬ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩ )‪(Ranging‬‬
‫‪ .۳‬ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ‪MAC‬‬
‫‪ ( ٣-٢-٣‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ‪: QOS‬‬

‫ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ‪ QOS‬ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻻﻳﻪ ‪ MAC‬ﺩﺭ ‪ Wimax‬ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ .‬ﻻﻳﻪ ‪ MAC‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﮔﺮﺍ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻮﺕ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ‪ ،‬ﻧﺮﺥ ﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ‪ ،‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﺑﻼﺩﺭﻧﮓ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬

‫ﻻﻳﻪ ‪ MAC‬ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ‪ ،‬ﺁﻥ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻠﺰﻭﻣﺎﺕ ‪ QOS‬ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻘﺪﻭﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫‪ Wimax‬ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ‪ QOS‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻮﺩﻡ ﻛﺎﺑﻠﻲ ‪(DOCSIS: Data Over Cable service‬‬

‫)‪ Interface Specification‬ﺍﻟﻬﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻗﺪﺭﺗﻤﻨﺪ ‪ QOS‬ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﮔﺮﺍ ﺩﺭ ‪ MAC‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﺼﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ‪UL‬ﻭ ‪ ، DL‬ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ‪ BS‬ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻲ )‪ (serving BS‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﻱ ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ )‪(link‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﺗﻚ ﺟﻬﺘﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ MAC‬ﺩﺭ ‪ BS‬ﻭ ‪ MS‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ )‪ (connection‬ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻳﻚ‬

‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ )‪ (CID : Connection Identifier‬ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺁﺩﺭﺱ ﻣﻮﻗﺘﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﻚ‬
‫ﻟﻴﻨﻚ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﺩ ‪.‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ‪ MAC ،‬ﺩﺭ ‪ ۳ ، Wimax‬ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺘﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫‪٢۴‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ IEEE 802.16‬ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺳـﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺍﺭﺗﺒـﺎﻃﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨـﺪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ‪ ،‬ﺻـﺪﺍ ﻭ ﺗﺼـﻮﻳﺮﺑﺎ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫـﺎﻱ ‪ QOS‬ﻣﺘﻔـﺎﻭﺕ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺸـﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻨـﺪ‪ .‬ﻻﻳـﻪ‬
‫‪ MAC‬ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻟﻴﻨﮓ ‪ QOS‬ﻭ ﻭﻇﺎﻳﻔﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﻨﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ‪ BS‬ﻭ ‪ SS‬ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ downlink.‬ﺍﻧﺘﻘـﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ‪ BS‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ‪ ،‬ﻃﻲ ﻳﻚ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻻﻳﻪ ‪ downlink‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ‪ SS ، broadcast‬ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ‪SS‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﮔﻮﺵ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ‪ BS ،Uplink‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﺳﻼﺕ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ‪ SS‬ﻛﻪ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻻﻳﻪ‬
‫‪ uplink‬ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـ ﻦ ﺍﻃﻼﻋــﺎﺕ ﺑــﻪ ﻭﺳــﻴﻠﻪ ‪ BS‬ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳــﻖ ﭘﻴـﺎﻡ ﻧﻘﺸـﻪ ‪ uplink‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﻏـﺎﺯ ﻫـﺮ ﻓـﺮﻳﻢ ﭘﺨـﺶ ﻣــﻲ ﺷــﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﻧﻘﺸـﻪ ‪uplink‬‬
‫)‪ (UL_Map‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﺩ )‪ (IE‬ﻫﺮ ‪ SS‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ‪ SS‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺜـﺎﻝ ﺍﺳـﻼﺕ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺯﻣـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ‪ SS‬ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻃﻲ ﻳﻚ ﺯﻳﺮﻻﻳﻪ ‪ uplink‬ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ BS.‬ﻣﺎﮊﻭﻝ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ‪ uplink‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﭘﻴﺎﻡ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﺴـﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ IEEE 802.16‬ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﭘﻬﻨـﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻧـﺪ ﺑـﻪ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﺮﻣـﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪ .۱ :‬ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺎﺟﺮﻩ ﻭ ‪ .۲‬ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺎﺟﺮﻩ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ )ﺳﺮﺷﻤﺎﺭﻱ( ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺖ ‪ SS ،‬ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﺭﺍ ﻃﻲ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻛﺸﻤﻜﺶ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺎﺟﺮﻩ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﻭ ﻛﺸﻤﻜﺶ ﻣﺼﻤﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ‪ BS‬ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﮋﻱ‬
‫ﭘﺸﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻲ‪.‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ‪ BS،‬ﻫﺮ ‪ SS‬ﺭﺍ ﻧﻈﺮﺳﻨﺠﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ‪ SS‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﻮﺍﺑﺶ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ‪ BW‬ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪[2].‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ IEEE 802.16 – 2004‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ۲۰۰۴‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ‪ ۲ -۱۱‬ﮔﻴﮕـﺎﻫﺮﺗﺰ ﺍﺟـﺮﺍ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻧـﺪ ﺍﺻـﻠﻲ ‪۱۰ - ۶۶‬‬
‫ﮔﻴﮕﺎﻫﺮﺗﺰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻧﺮﺥ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻓـﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣـﻲ ﻛﻨـﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ‪ (Point to Point) PTP‬ﻭ ‪ (Point to Multipoint) PMP‬ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺸـﺘﺮﻛﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ )‪ LOS(line_of_sight‬ﻭ)‪ NLOS(non line-of-sight‬ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ‪ LOS‬ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ) ﻣﺜﻼ ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳـﺎﻳﻞ ﺩﺍﺧـﻞ ﺧﺎﻧـﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ( ﺳـﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺳـﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺗﻀﻌﻴﻒ ﻭ ﺍﻋﻮﺟﺎﺝ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪[2]:.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺑﻲ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻂ ﺩﻳﺪ ‪ (NLOS) :‬ﭘﺸﺘﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻜﻠﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺑﺮ ‪ IEEE 802.16 MAC‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ‪ wi-fi‬ﻣﻲ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺁﻧﺘﻦ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ) ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ( ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﻱ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬

‫‪wi-fi‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ GHz ٢‬ﻭ ‪ GHz ١١‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻮﺝ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ‪ NLOS‬ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺍﻧﻊ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺧﻂ ﺩﻳﺪ ‪ (LOS) :‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻳﻚ ﺁﻧﺘﻦ ﺑﺸﻘﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻘﻒ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﻗﻄﺐ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﭘﺮ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺗﺮ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﻔﺮﺳﺘﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻱ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ ‪ 66 GHz‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺗﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺗﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺁﻧﺘﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺪﺭﺗﻤﻨﺪ ‪ ، LOS‬ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺗﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻔﺮﺳﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺭﻭﺗﺮﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ﺭﺍﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ‪ ٣٠‬ﻣﺎﻳﻠﻲ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ٣٠ .‬ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮﺍﺗﻲ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﯼ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﯽ )‪(throughput‬ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻃﻴﻒ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺴﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﮏ‬

‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﯼ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ )‪ (BS‬ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯼ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ‪ BS‬ﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬

‫ﮔﺬﺍﺭﯼ )‪ (CAPEX‬ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺭﺍ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﯽﺁﻳﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺁﻣﺪﻥ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻋﻤﻠـﻴﺎﺗﯽ‬

‫)‪(OPEX‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﯽﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺰﻳﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﯼ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪٢۵‬‬
‫ﭘﺸﺘﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺑﺮ ‪ IEEE 802.16 MAC LAN‬ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ‪ Wi-Fi‬ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺳﺮ ﻫـﻢ ﻛـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ )ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻳﻜﻲ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪).NLOS‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻﹰ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ LAN‬ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ )ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ( ﻭ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫‪LOS‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ Wimax‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ )‪ (service Flow‬ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ‪ .‬ﻳﻚ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﻚ ﺟﻬﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤـﺮﺍﻩ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ‪ QOS‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﺎ ‪ ۳۲‬ﺑﻴـﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ) ‪SFID : service Flow‬‬
‫‪ (Identifier‬ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪ Wimax .‬ﻳﻚ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻜﻞ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﮔﺮﺍ ﻳﻚ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻨـﺪﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳـﺖ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ‪ ، Qos‬ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ‪ ۱۶‬ﺑﻴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌـﺮﻑ‬
‫‪ CID‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ‪ QOS‬ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺑﺮﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻧﺮﺥ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒـﻮﻝ ‪ ،‬ﻧـﻮﻉ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﻉ ‪ ، ARQ‬ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﺎﺧﻴﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻟﻐﺰﺵ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺁﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺳـﺎﺯﻭ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳـﺖ ﭘﻬﻨـﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻧـﺪ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴـﺎﺯ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﻫﻲ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ‪ MPDU‬ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺖ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ‪ SFID‬ﻭ ﻧﮕﺎﺷﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ‪CID‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻜﺘﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﻋﻬﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ‪ [1] .‬ﻭ]‪[2‬‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻧﮕﺎﺷﺖ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ ۵ Wimax ، QOS‬ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺪ ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﺰ ‪ MAC‬ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ‪ ،‬ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ ‪ .‬ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ ﺯﻳﺮﺍﻧـﻮﺍﻉ‬
‫ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ‪[4].‬ﻭ]‪[3‬ﻭ ]‪ [2‬ﻭ]‪[1‬‬

‫‪٢۶‬‬
 ‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‬
‫ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫‪UGS‬‬
‫‪Unsolicited Grant Service‬‬
‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﺎﺧﻴﺮ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫‪VOIP‬‬
‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻟﻐﺰﺵ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺭﺯﺭﻭﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻮﺗﻲ‬ ‫‪RTPS‬‬
‫‪Real_Time Polling Service‬‬
‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﺎﺧﻴﺮ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺳﺮﻛﺸﻲ ﺑﻼﺩﺭﻧﮓ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ‬
‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺭﺯﺭﻭﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻜﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﭘﺮﻭﻧﺪﻩ‬ ‫‪NRTPS‬‬
‫‪Non_Real_Time Polling Service‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ‬ ‫) ‪( FTP‬‬
‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺳﺮﻛﺸﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺑﻼﺩﺭﻧﮓ‬
‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺭﺯﺭﻭﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺻﺪﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ‬ ‫‪ERTPS‬‬
‫‪Extended_Real_Time Polling Service‬‬
‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﺎﺧﻴﺮ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫) ‪( VOIP‬‬
‫ﺧﻤﺎﺕ ﺳﺮﻛﺸﻲ ﺑﻼﺩﺭﻧﮓ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻟﻐﺰﺵ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ‬
‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ‪ ،‬ﮔﺸﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫‪BE‬‬
‫‪Best _Efoort‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﮔﺬﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺏ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ‬
‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻼﺵ‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﺰ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ‪ Wimax‬ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪﺍﺗﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﺰ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫• ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻣﻠﺰﻭﻣﺎﺕ ‪ QOS‬ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻣﺪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻠﺰﻭﻣـﺎﺕ ‪ QOS‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺟﻬﺖ ‪UL‬‬
‫• ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﭘﻮﻳﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻃـﻮﺭ ﺳـﻪ ﺑﻌـﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻻﻳـﻪ ‪ MAC‬ﻭ ﺍﻣﻜـﺎﻥ ﺗﺨﺼـﻴﺺ ﻣﻨـﺎﺑﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺣـﻮﺯﻩ ﺯﻣـﺎﻥ )ﺍﺳـﻼﺕ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺯﻣـﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫(‪،‬ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ )ﺯﻳﺮﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﻫﺎ (ﻭ ﻓﻀﺎ )ﭼﻨﺪ ﺁﻧﺘﻨﻲ(‬
‫• ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻴﺪﺑﻚ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻗـﺎﺩﺭ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣـﻪ ﺭﻳـﺰ ﺑـﻪ ﮔـﺰﻳﻨﺶ ﻛـﺪﻳﻨﮓ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻭﻻﺳـﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﻘﺘﻀـﻲ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻫـﺮ‬
‫ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ‬
‫• ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺯﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪ AMC‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﺰ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻳﻮﺭﺳـﻴﺘﻲ ﭼﻨـﺪ ﻛـﺎﺭﺑﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻗﻮﻳﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﺰ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻣﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪ Wimax‬ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ‪ ۲‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪ :‬ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ‪ .‬ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺜـﺎﻝ ﺯﻣـﺎﻥ ﺑﻨـﺪﻱ ﻧﮕﻬـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ‬
‫ﺣﻔﻆ ﻛﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪DWRR ، WRR : Weighted Round Robin ، GPS:Generalized Processor Sharing‬‬
‫‪SCFQ : Self Clocked Fair ، WFQ : Weighted Fair Queueing ، : Deficit Weighted Round Robin‬‬

‫‪٢٧‬‬
‫‪ Queueing‬ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ WFQ‬ﻭ ‪ DWRR‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﺎﺧﻴﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻧﺮﺥ ﺍﻧﺘﻘـﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﺑـﻂ ‪IP‬‬
‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ‪ WFQ ،‬ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ‪ DWRR‬ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪[2].‬‬
‫‪ ( ٤-٣‬ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ IEEE802.16e-2005‬ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺳﻂ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﺮﺗﺎﺳﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻧﻤﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩﻳﻪ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﻠﺰﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺳﺮﺗﺎﺳﺮﻱ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻜﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺍﺳﻂ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ‪ IEEE802.16e-2005‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﭼﺎﺭﭼﻮﺏ ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺪﻝ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛﻮﭼﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ‪ IP‬ﺑﻨﺎ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ : ٢-٣‬ﻣﺪﻝ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ‬

‫ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ .١‬ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺳﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ) ‪ ، ( ASN‬ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻭﺍﺯﻩ ‪ ASN‬ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺨﺸﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .٣‬ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ) ‪ ، ( CSN‬ﻛﻪ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ‪ IP‬ﻭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ IP‬ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪:‬‬

‫• ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ) ‪ ، ( NAP‬ﻛﻪ ‪ ASN‬ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﻠﻚ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪٢٨‬‬
‫• ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ) ‪ ، ( NSP‬ﻛﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ﻭ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ‪ IP‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﻴﻦ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬
‫‪ ASN‬ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ‪ NAP‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫• ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻱ ) ‪ ، ( ASP‬ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻣﺜﻞ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ‪ ) IMS‬ﺯﻳﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ‪( IP‬ﻭ ‪ ) VPN‬ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﻱ ( ﺭﺍ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ NSP ، NAP‬ﻭ ‪ ASP‬ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻛﻮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻏﻨﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻭ‬

‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺪﻝ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻣﺮﺟﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩﻳﻪ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻭ ﻭﺍﺳﻂ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﺳﻂ ﻫﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻧﻴﺰ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ BS‬ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻝ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻭﺍﺳﻂ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ‪ MS‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ‪ BS‬ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ‪:‬‬

‫• ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺗﺤﺮﻙ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﭘﺎﺱ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ‬

‫• ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻳﻲ‬

‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪QOS‬‬ ‫•‬

‫• ﻛﻼﺱ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ‬

‫ﭘﺮﻭﻛﺴﻲ ‪DHCP‬‬ ‫•‬

‫• ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ‬

‫• ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻧﺸﺴﺖ‬

‫• ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﭼﻨﺪ ﭘﺨﺸﻲ‬

‫ﺩﺭﻭﺍﺯﻩ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ) ‪: ( ASN-GW‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﻭﺍﺯﻩ ‪ ASN‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺩﺭ ‪ ASN‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﺍﺯ ‪ASN-GW‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ‪:‬‬

‫• ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ‪ ASN‬ﺍﻱ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺍﺧﻮﺍﻧﻲ‬

‫• ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺵ‬

‫• ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﺘﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﻭ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻣﺰﻧﮕﺎﺭﻱ‬

‫‪٢٩‬‬
 ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻴﺖ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻱ ‪AAA‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﺮﻙ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﺑﺎ ‪BS‬‬ ‫•‬

‫• ‪ QOS‬ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖ ﻫﺎ‬

‫• ﻋﻤﻞ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ )‪ ( FA‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ‪ IP‬ﺳﻴﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ‪ CSN‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ) ‪: ( CSN‬‬

‫‪ CSN‬ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ‪ ASP ،‬ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ CSN .‬ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﻠﻚ ‪ NSP‬ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﺮﻭﺭﻫﺎﻱ ‪ AAA‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬

‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻫﻮﻳﺖ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﻭ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ‪ CSN‬ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻨﻴﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻝ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺁﺩﺭﺱ ‪ ، IP‬ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻣﻴﻨﮓ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ NSP‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ ASN‬ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺗﺤﺮﻙ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﻭ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻣﻴﻨﮓ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ ASN‬ﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ CSN ،‬ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻭﺍﺯﻩ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ ‪ 3GPP ، PSTN‬ﻭ‬
‫‪ 3GPP2‬ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﭼﺎﺭﭼﻮﺏ ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ‪ ASN‬ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺗﺮﻧﺴﻴﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ) ‪ ، ( BTS‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ) ‪ ( BSC‬ﻭ ‪ ASN-GW‬ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ‬

‫ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﻝ ‪ GSM‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ‪ BSC ، BTS‬ﻭ ‪ SGSN‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ‪ BS‬ﻭ ‪ ASN-GW‬ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻳﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ﻧﮕﺮﻳﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻃﺮﺣﻲ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺴﻄﺢ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻭﺍﺳﻂ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ‬

‫ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﺳﻂ ﻫﺎ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺟﺎﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﻨﻴﺖ ﻭ ‪ ، QOS‬ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻜﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ : ٢-٣‬ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ‬

‫ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﺳﻂ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ‪ IEEE802.16e‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ‪MS‬‬ ‫‪MS&ASN‬‬ ‫‪R1‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻫﻮﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﭘﻴﻜﺮﺑﻨﺪﻱ ‪ IP‬ﻭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺗﺤﺮﻙ‬ ‫‪MS&CSN‬‬ ‫‪R2‬‬

‫ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ‬

‫ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ‪ ، AAA‬ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ‬ ‫‪ASN&CSN‬‬ ‫‪R3‬‬

‫ﺗﺤﺮﻙ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ‬

‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻜﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ‬ ‫‪ASN&ASN‬‬ ‫‪R4‬‬

‫‪ ASN‬ﻛﻪ ﺟﺎﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺳﻴﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ ASN‬ﻫﺎ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻜﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻣﻴﻨﮓ ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫‪CSN&CSN‬‬ ‫‪R5‬‬

‫ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﮕﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎﻥ‬

‫‪٣٠‬‬
 ‫‪ ASN-GW&BS‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻜﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪BS‬‬ ‫‪R6‬‬

‫ﻭ ‪ASN-GW‬‬

‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻜﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭ‬ ‫‪ASN-GW‬‬ ‫‪R7‬‬

‫ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ‪R‬‬

‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﺎﻡ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ BS‬ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﺱ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﻭ‬ ‫‪BS&BS‬‬ ‫‪R8‬‬

‫ﺑﻲ ﺳﻴﻢ‬

‫‪ ( ٥-٣‬ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ‪: Wimax‬‬

‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺷﺒﻜﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻪ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ )‪ (CPE‬ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ‬
‫‪Base Station‬ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﭘﻴﻜﺮﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚﺗﺮﻳﻦ ‪ Base Station‬ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ ﺑﻲﺳﻴﻢ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ‪ POP‬ﻳﺎ ‪ CO‬ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ‪ 1 Mbps‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ‬

‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ : ٣-٣‬ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﯼ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ‪ NODE‬ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺁﻧﺘﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﯼ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻻﻳﻪ ﯼ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﮑﯽ ‪ ٨٠٢.١٦‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻫﺎ‪،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﮐﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﻤﻴﻨﮓ )‪(Hamming‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺧﻄﺎﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﺸﻒ ﺧﻄﺎ ﺑﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﮔﺎﻩ ﻓﺮﻳﻢ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺘﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﺧﻄﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﯽ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪،‬ﻭﻟﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻻ‪،‬ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺧﻄﺎﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺧﻴﻠﯽ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﮐﺸﻒ ﺧﻄﺎ)ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ( ﺩﺭ ﻻﻳﻪ ﯼ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﮑﯽ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺧﻄﺎ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﯽ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ ، ٨٠٢.١٦‬ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﺗﺪﺍﺭﮎ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﯼ ﻫﺮ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬

‫‪٣١‬‬
 ‫ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﯼ ﻫﺮ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ) ‪(pre-connection‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻭﻝ‪،‬ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻳﮏ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ‪،‬ﮐﻠﻴﻪ ﯼ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎﯼ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﮑﺠﺎ ﺟﻤﻊ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﻪ ﯼ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ‬

‫ﭘﻬﻨﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺖ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺑﻴﺎﻭﺭﺩ‪،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻴﻦ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻫﺮ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ( ٦-٣‬ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﮐﻴﻔﻴﺖ ‪: WiMax‬‬

‫• ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺩﺭﺧﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﮐﻮﻩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﻩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺣﺘﯽ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺁﺏ ﺭﻭﺩﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﭼﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻧﻌﮑﺎﺱ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﮔﯽﻫﺎﯼ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻳﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫• ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﯽ‬

‫• ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﯼ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﮐﻮﺭﯼ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫• ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﯽﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺴﯽ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺘﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻳﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ‪:‬‬

‫• ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﻮﻳﺰ )‪(Noise‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬

‫• ﺗﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻳﻲ‬

‫• ﺗﻀﻌﻴﻒ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻳﻲ‬

‫• ﺍﻧﻌﻜﺎﺱ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻳﻲ‬

‫ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻭﺁﺏ ﻭﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻲ ﺳﻴﻢ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻲ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪﺕ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‪ :‬ﺑﺎﺩ‪،‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻑ‪ ،‬ﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻣﺎ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﮕﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ ‪.‬ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻲ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺲ ) ‪ ( EM‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺗﻤﺴﻔﺮ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻲ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺗﺮﻭﭘﻮﺳﻔﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺟﻮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ‪ ١٠‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ١٧‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻫﻢ‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﺭﺳﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ‪ .‬ﻻﻳﻪ ﺗﺮﻭﭘﻮﺳﻔﺮ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ‪ ٣٠٠‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﺩﻣﺎ ‪٢‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ‪ .‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻓﺎﺯ ﺟﺒﻬﻪ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﻛﻤﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﻧﺤﻨﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺝ ‪ EM‬ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﻣﺴﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺒﻬﻪ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺑﺎ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺗﻤﺴﻔﺮ ﺍﻧﺤﻨﺎ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﻢ ﺷﺪﮔﻲ )) ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ (( ﻣﻲ ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺩ‪:‬‬

‫‪ (۱‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺍﺗﻤﺴﻔﺮ‬
‫‪ (۲‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ‬

‫‪٣٢‬‬
 ‫‪ (۳‬ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍ‬

‫ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ‪: EM‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٣‬ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ‪ EM‬ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﺩ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ (۱‬ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺗﺎﺑﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﺯﺍﻳﻲ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻣﻮﺝ ﻣﻲ‬

‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪﺕ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺗﺎﺑﺸﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ (۲‬ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﺗﺮ ﺑﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺗﺎﺑﺸﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻮﺝ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﻮﺝ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮ ﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺩ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ( ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺏ( ﺟﻬﺖ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﺭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺝ( ﺷﺪﺕ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﺭﺍﻥ‬

‫‪ (۳‬ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻗﻄﺒﻴﺖ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺗﺎﺑﺸﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﻭﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺗﺎﺑﺸﻲ ﺗﻀﻌﻴﻒ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ( ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﺭﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺏ( ﺟﻬﺖ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﺭﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺝ( ﺷﺪﺕ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﺭﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺩ( ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺑﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬

‫ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻑ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ‪: EM‬‬

‫ﻣﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻑ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻛﺮﻭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺲ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺗﻀﻌﻴﻒ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﻀﻌﻴﻒ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪:‬‬

‫‪ (۱‬ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻮﺝ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺗﺎﺑﺸﻲ‬
‫‪ (۲‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻑ‬

‫‪ (۳‬ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺑﺮﻑ ﻭ ﻣﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺧﺸﺶ ﺍﺗﻤﺴﻔﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺧﺸﺶ ﺍﺗﻤﺴﻔﺮﻱ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﻧﻮﺭ ﻣﺮﺋﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺯﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻭ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺧﺸﺶ‬

‫ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﻍ ﻭ ﭼﺸﻤﻚ ﺯﺩﻥ ﺳﺘﺎﺭﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪٣٣‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻭﺳﻌﺖ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺩﺭﺧﺸﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺮﺗﻮ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﺗﻮ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺮﻧﮓ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ ﻧﻮﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮ ﻳﺰ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ ﺁﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﻭﺳﻌﺖ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺩﺭﺧﺸﺶ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻲ ﺳﻴﻢ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻭﺯﺵ ﺑﺎﺩ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻧﺘﻦ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻟﺮﺯﺵ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻑ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻲ ﺳﻴﻢ ﻣﻲ ﻛﺎﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﻭ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺁﻧﺘﻦ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺍﻓﺖ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺘﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮ ﺩ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ (۱‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺁﻧﺘﻦ‬
‫‪ (۲‬ﻟﺮﺯﺵ ﺁﻧﺘﻦ‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ‬

‫ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ‪،‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ﻭ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎ‬

‫‪ ( ١-٤‬ﻣﺰﻳﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﯼ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ‪ ,‬ﺗﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ ‪ WiMAX‬ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﯼ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺲﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﯽ ﺗﺤﺖ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﯼ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﯼ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺭﺷﺪﯼ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﻤﻞ ﺑﯽ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﯽﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ‪ WiMAX‬ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺻﺪﺍ ﻭ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﯽ ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺴﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮐﺎﻣﻼﹰ ﻧﺎﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺷﺒﺎﻧﻪ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﻧﻠﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺁﭘﻠﻮﺩ ﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ‬
‫‪ ,‬ﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺩﻡ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻳﯽ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﮐﻮﭼﮑﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﯼ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺑیﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺳﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻓﻦﺁﻭﺭﯼ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻟﭗﺗﺎﭖﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﺳﺘﯽ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﮔﻮﺷﯽﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻠﻔﻦﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻮﺩﻡ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮐﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﻓﻨﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬

‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﯽ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺩﻡ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺁﻥ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺩﻡ ﺳﻤﺖ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﻭ ﺁﻧﺘﻦ ﻣﺮﮐﺰﯼ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻩ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺗﺤﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﯼ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﺩ‪.‬ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮﭘﻮﻟﻮﮊﯼﻫﺎﯼ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎﯼ )‪ (mesh‬ﻭ ﺗﮑﻨﻴﮏﻫﺎﯼ ﺁﻧﺘﻨﯽ)‪STC ، ( beam - formin‬ﻭ‬

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‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﺁﻧﺘﻦ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺮﺩ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﯼ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﮑﻨﻴﮏﻫﺎﯼ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﮐﺎﺭﺍﻳﯽ ﻃﻴﻔﯽ‪ ،‬ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻣﺠﺪﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﻣﺎﮐﺰﻳﻤﻢ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻫﺮ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝ) ‪ (Rf‬ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺲ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻳﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺒﻠﻴﻐﺎﺗﻲ‬

‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺒﻠﻴﻐﺎﺕ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺎﮐﻨﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﺘﺮﻭ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻭﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﯼ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺁﻣﺪ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﻳﮏ ﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺣﺠﻤﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﯼ ﮔﻮﺷﯽ ﻭﯼ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﺻﻮﺕ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻧﻴﻤﻴﺸﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪ .‬ﮐﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﺒﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﺝ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﯼ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻧﻴﺎﯼ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﯼ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﯽﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻧﻜﻲ‬

‫ﻳﮑﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻻﻳﻞ ﺭﺍﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺪﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﯼ ﺍﺯ ﮐﺎﺭﺕﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻧﮑﯽ ﻭ ﺣﺬﻑ ﭘﻮﻝ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﺮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﮐﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ‪ POS‬ﻭ ‪ ATM‬ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮﮊﯼ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﮐﺎﺭﺍﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﻩ‬
‫ﺣﻞ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﻭﺷﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺁﺳﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ‪:‬‬

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‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮﮊﯼ‪ ، WiMAX‬ﺟﺰﺀ ﺷﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎﯼ ‪ wireless‬ﺷﻬﺮﯼ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬

‫ﻭﺳﻴﻌﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺩﮐﻞﻫﺎﯼ ‪ WiMAX‬ﺗﺤﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﮐﻞ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺷﻬﺮﮎﻫﺎﯼ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﮋﻳﮏ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻭ‬

‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩٔ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﭘﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮﮊﯼ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﮔﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺷﺮﮐﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﯼ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺯﻝ ﻣﺴﮑﻮﻧﯽ‬

‫ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﮑﯽ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺟﻨﺒﻪﻫﺎﻳﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺣﺎﺋﺰ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﯼ ﺗﺪﺍﺭﮎ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﮑﯽ ﺩﺭ ﮐﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻳﯽ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ‬

‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪٔ ‪ ICT‬ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﻭ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﺗﺮﺍﮐﻨﺶﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮﺗﺮﯼ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻓﻮﺍﻳﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‬

‫ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺎﺕﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﻭ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺁﺷﮑﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﮐﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﯼ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﻮﻩٔ ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﯼ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﮐﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻳﮏ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺷﻬﺮﮎ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﮑﯽ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮﮊﯼ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﺟﺒﺎﺕ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﯼ‬
‫ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺴﺘﺮﯼ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺳﺎﺯﻳﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﯼ ﻫﺎﻳﯽ ﻫﻢ ﭼﻮﻥ‪EvDo ،HSDPA ،xDSL ،BPL ، FTTH‬ﻭ ‪EDGE‬ﺭﺍ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺳﺮ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺟﺎﻳﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻫﻴﭻ‬
‫ﻳﮏ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﯼ ﻫﺎ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺭﺍ ﻫﻢ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻧﻤﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﻫﮑﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻫﺎﻳﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﻣﯽ‬

‫ﺁﻳﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻨﺎ ﺍﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﻣﯽ ﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺩﯼ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺑﺎ ‪ ٣١‬ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﯽ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﯼ ﻧﻴﺰ ‪ ٧٠‬ﻣﮕﺎﺑﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺩﺍﻧﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﯽ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﯼ ﻫﺎﻳﯽ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪٣۵‬‬
‫ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﯼ ﺍﯼ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ‪ ٦٠‬ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﯼ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﯼ ‪ T1‬ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺁﻧﮑﻪ ‪ ١٠٠٠‬ﻣﻨﺰﻝ ﻣﺴﮑﻮﻧﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ‪ ١‬ﻣﮕﺎﺑﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻫﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺪﮐﯽ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ،٢٠٠٦‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ‪ ٥٠٠‬ﮐﻴﻠﻮﺑﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﺮﺍﮐﺰ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﯼ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻴﻢ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﮑﯽ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻭ ﺗﻮﭘﻮﻟﻮﮊﯼ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎ‬
‫‪ ٢‬ﻣﮕﺎﺑﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﯽ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﮑﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺎﻟﺐ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﯼ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺑﮑﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﯼ ﺁﻧﺘﻦ ﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻨﻮﻧﯽ ﻭ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﯽ ﺍﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻴﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺩﮐﻞ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮﺍﺗﯽ ﮐﻨﻮﻧﯽ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬

‫ﺍﯼ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺯﻳﺮﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻨﻮﻧﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﯼ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺩﮐﻞ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻠﻔﻦ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺣﻞ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺁﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ WiMax‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﺠﺎﻳﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﯽ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻧﺎﻣﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﻭﻧﺰﯼ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻫﺎﯼ ﺁﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺑﺴﺘﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﻭﻧﺰﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺎﺟﻌﻪ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺠﺪﺩﺍ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﯼ‬

‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﯼ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻃﻮﻓﺎﻥ ﺯﺩﻩ ﮐﺎﺗﺮﻳﻨﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻤﮏ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻫﺎﯼ ‪ VoIP‬ﻭ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ‪Wi-Fi‬‬

‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﯼ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺁﻳﺪ‪:‬‬

‫• ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺩﺍﻍ ‪ (hotspot) Wi-Fi‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬

‫• ﺭﺍﻩ ﺣﻞ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻧﻘﺎﻃﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ‪ DSL‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬

‫• ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮﺍﺗﯽ ﻭ ﺩﻳﺘﺎ‬

‫ﺑﻚ ﻫﺎﻝ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺗﺤﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ‪WiFi‬‬

‫ﺍﻣﺎﻛﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ‪ WiFi‬ﺍﺭﺍﻋﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻓﺰﻭﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﺍﺳﺮ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻝ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ‪ .‬ﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﻱ ﻓﺎﻱ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺗﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﭼﻨﺪﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﻻﺭ ﻣﺤﻮﻃﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﻱ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻫﻢ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻤﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺗﺤﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻱ‬

‫ﻓﺎﻱ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻣﺒﺮﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺑﻚ ﻫﺎﻝ ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺏ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﻧﻊ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﺗﺤﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺑﻚ ﻫﺎﻝ ﻣﻘﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺑﺎ ‪Wimax‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﻃﺮﻑ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ‪ ، Wimax‬ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﭘﺮﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺷﻜﺎﻑ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺮﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﻱ ﻓﺎﻱ ) ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﻛﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﺪ ( ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻚ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻭ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ‬

‫‪٣۶‬‬
‫ﺍﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﺭﺵ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺍﺭﺱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ‪.‬ﺑﺎ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺗﻠﻔﻨﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺩﻳﺘﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺍﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻤﻴﻞ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﺍﻧﺖ ﻭ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬

‫ﻭﻳﺪﻳﻮﻳﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﺪﺍﺭﺱ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺪﺍﺭﺱ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻳﻲ‬

‫ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻟﻴﻨﻚ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﻜﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺸﻜﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ‪ ،‬ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﻣﻨﻴﺖ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﻠﻔﻦ ‪ ،‬ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬
‫‪ ،‬ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺪﻳﻮ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻭ ‪ ..‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﻳﻖ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﻭﻳﺪﻳﻮﻳﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﺺ ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻜﻮﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺸﻜﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﻣﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﻳﻖ ﺍﻣﻨﻴﺖ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺍﺧﻄﺎﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﺪﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ ﻭﻳﺪﻳﻮﻳﻲ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ﺣﺘﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺳﻜﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﻗﺖ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺳﻜﻮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺰﻳﺖ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﻤﻲ ﺣﺮﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﮔﻔﺘﻦ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﻗﺘﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ‬

‫ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻟﻴﻨﻚ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﺡ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﻻ ﻭ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻭ ‪ ، ....‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺩﻭﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﺮﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻨﻴﺖ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﻭﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺪﺍﺭﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺗﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻨﻴﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ‬

‫ﺯﻳﺮﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻳﻜﭙﺎﺭﭼﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺷﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺩﻭﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺩﻭﺭﺩﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﻲ ﻛﻪ‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺮﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻴﻤﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺷﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺗﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮﻳﺒﺎﻧﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﻧﻊ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺁﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺩﻭﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺗﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻣﻨﻴﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺗﻲ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ( ٢-٤‬ﻭﻳﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﯼ ﻓﻨﯽ ‪:WiMax‬‬

‫• ﺭﻧﺞ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺲ ﺍﺯ ‪ GHZ٢‬ﺗﺎ ‪GHZ٦٦‬‬

‫• ﭘﻬﻨﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ‪ MHZ١.٥‬ﺗﺎ ‪MGHZ٢٠‬‬

‫• ﻧﺮﺥ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺗﺎ ‪Mbps٧٠‬‬

‫• ﺗﺤﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩﺍﯼ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻌﺎﻉ ‪KM٥٠‬‬

‫• ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ‪ line-of-sight‬ﻭ ‪non-line-of-sight‬‬

‫• ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻴﻨﮏﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﺎﺑﻠﯽ ‪ DSL‬ﻭ ‪T1/E1‬‬

‫‪٣٧‬‬
 ‫• ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﯼ ﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮﮊﯼﻫﺎﻳﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪WiFi‬‬

‫• ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﭘﻮﻟﻮﮊﯼﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ IEEE‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪ Token Ring‬ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻳﯽ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ IEEE‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪LLC‬‬

‫• ﺣﺬﻑ ﮐﺎﺑﻞ ﮐﺸﯽﻫﺎﯼ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﯽ‬

‫• ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺟﻮﻳﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬

‫• ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺯﻳﺮﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑﭘﺬﻳﺮ)‪: (Flexible Architecture‬‬

‫‪ Wimax‬ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺑﻪﻧﻘﻄﻪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻭ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻻﻳﺔ ‪ MAC‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫‪ Wimax‬ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻭ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥﺑﻨﺪﻱﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺷﻴﺎﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ )‪ (SS‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻳﻚ ‪ SS‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ‪ Wimax‬ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻚ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ‬
‫)‪ (BS‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺮﺗﻮ ﺁﻧﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﺭﻳﻚﺗﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻊﺗﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻣﻨﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ‪:‬‬

‫‪ Wimax‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺭﻣﺰﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ)‪ (AES‬ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺭﻣﺰﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺳﻪﮔﺎﻧﻪ )‪ (DES٣‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺭﻣﺰﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﻴﺖ ﻟﻴﻨﻚﻫﺎﻱ‪ BS‬ﻭ‬

‫‪ Wimax ،SS‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻕ ﺳﻤﻊ ﺍﻳﻤﻦ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﻨﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻗﺖ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲﻫﺎ )ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲﻫﺎ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ( ﻧﻴﺰ‬

‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ Wimax.‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﻄﻦ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ‪ VLAN‬ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﺘﺎ‬

‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ‪ BS‬ﻭ ﺑﻪﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ‪:‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺳﻴﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﮔﻔﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ‪ Wimax‬ﺯﺣﻤﺘﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ! ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻨﺪﻥ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ‬

‫ﻛﺎﺑﻞ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻱ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻧﺘﻦﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻧﺼﺐﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺑﻴﻔﺘﺪ؛‪ Wimax‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲﺩﻫﻲ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩﺳﺎﺯﻱ‬

‫‪ Wimax‬ﺩﺭ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲﺩﻫﻲ ﭼﻨﺪﺳﻄﺤﻲ)‪: (Multi level service‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﻮﻩﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ )‪ (SLA‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ‬

‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﮏ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺗﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮐﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺣﺘﯽ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻳﮏ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮐﻴﻦ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺩﻫﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺧﺘﻢ ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ Wimax‬ﻳﻚ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ‪SLA‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺣﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ‪ BS‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭﻭﻧﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ‪ Wimax‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲﺩﻫﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺁﺳﺎﻥﺗﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ؛ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ‪SS‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻜﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲﺩﻫﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺧﺮﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺤﺮﻙﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻗﻴﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ ،e٨٠٢.١٦ IEEE‬ﺩﺭ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ‪ OFDM‬ﻭ ‪ OFDMA‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺗﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺤﺮﻙﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻠﻮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ‪ OFDMA‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻭ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ‪ Idle/Sleep‬ﻭ ‪Hand-off‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎﹰ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ‪ ١٦٠‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺻﺮﻓﻪﺑﻮﺩﻥ)‪: (Cost effective‬‬

‫‪ Wimax‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻧﺒﻮﻩ ﺗﺮﺍﺷﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺱ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺘﻲﺗﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﹰ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻔﻊ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ‬

‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﮔﺴﺘﺮﻩ ﻭﺳﻴﻊ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‪:‬‬

‫‪ Wimax‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﭘﻮﻳﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺪﻭﻻﺳﻴﻮﻧﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪ 16QAM،QPSK،BPSK‬ﻭ ‪ QAM٦٤‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ‬

‫ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻭﻻﺳﻴﻮﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ )ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪ BPSK‬ﻳﺎ ‪ (QPSK‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺳﻴﻌﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﺎﹰ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﻳﻜﺪﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ‪ ،‬ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﺎﺭ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻂ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ‪: NLOS‬‬

‫‪ Wimax‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ‪ OFDM‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ‪ NLOS‬ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ‪ Wimax‬ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ‬

‫ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﻭﺳﻴﻌﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻂ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺩﻳﺘﺎ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﻜﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻲﺳﻴﻢ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺘﻲ‬

‫ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ )‪: (High Capacity‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻭﻻﺳﻴﻮﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﻻ )ﻣﺜﻞ ‪ ( QAM٦٤‬ﻭ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ )‪ ٧‬ﻣﮕﺎﻫﺮﺗﺰ( ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪﺍﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ‬

‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ‪ MIMO‬ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰﻩﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑﭘﺬﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﺪﻳﻨﮓ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﭘﻠﻜﺴﻴﻨﮓ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺩﻳﺘﺎ )ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ‪ ١٠‬ﻣﮕﺎﻫﺮﺗﺰﻱ( ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦﺳﻮ ﺗﺎ ‪ Mbps٦٤‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﻮ ﺗﺎ ‪ Mbps٢٨‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻜﺘﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﺮﺩ ﺷﺒﻜﻪﻫﺎﻱ ‪ WiMax‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﻥ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺩ ‪ km50‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﺮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬

‫ﺑﻬﻴﻨﺔ ﺟﻮﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻋﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﻧﻊ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺑﻴﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺒﻜﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻧﻪ )‪ (NLOS‬ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ km5‬ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻧﺘﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ )‪ ،(LOS‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪ km15‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺑﺮﺩ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪ km15‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪km1‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﻥ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﺮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﺩ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﻥ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﺷﺒﻜﻪﻫﺎﻱ ‪ WiMax‬ﺍﺯ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫• ﺗﺎ ‪ km50‬ﺑﺮﺩ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ؛• ﺗﺎ ‪ Mbps75‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻳﻲ؛• ﺗﺎ ‪ Mbps300‬ﻧﺮﺥ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ‪.‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﻪﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ‬

‫"ﺗﺎ" ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﻤﻼﺕ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﺍﻳﻬﺎﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ‪ ٥٠‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺘﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﺁﻧﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ‪ LOS‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﻌﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻛﺎﻣﻼﹰ ﻋﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻭ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺟﻮﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﻼﹰ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻭﻻﺳﻴﻮﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦﺗﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻭﻻﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺑﻴﺖ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻧﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﻲ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻣﺠﻮﺯ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻄﻲ‬

‫ﻛﺎﻣﻼﹰ ﺍﻳﺪﻩﺁﻝ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺑﻴﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﺼﻮﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﺮﺥ ‪ Mbps75‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻳﻲ‪:‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﺽ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ‪ ٢٠‬ﻣﮕﺎﻫﺮﺗﺰﻱ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﻼﹰ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺠﻮﺯﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻧﺪﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺳﺖﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺑﻴﺖ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺟﻮﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﻼﹰ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻭ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻢ )ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٢٠٠‬ﻣﺘﺮ( ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﺮﺥ ‪ Mbps300‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ‪:‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺮﺥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺟﻮﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﻼﹰ ﺍﻳﺪﻩﺁﻝ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﺔ ﻛﻢ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﻼﹰ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻧﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﻲ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬

‫ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻜﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻳﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻜﺘﺔ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻭﻻﹰ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ‬

‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺑﻴﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﻧﺮﺥ ﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺳﻬﻢ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻢ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻜﺘﺔ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﺮﺩ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺷﻠﻮﻍ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﭘﺮ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺷﻌﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺳﻠﻮﻝﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﺮﺩ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺩ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﻫﻤﮑﺎﺭﯼ ﺑﺎ ﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ )‪:(Introperability‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﭘﻮﺭﺍﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺒﻊ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ‬

‫ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ‪.‬ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺖ ‪ interoperability‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮﮊﯼ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻋﻼﻗﻪٔ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺧﺮﻳﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﮐﻨﺪ )ﺑﺎ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮﺵ( ﻭ ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺶ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﯼ‬

‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺷﺮﮐﺖﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺷﺪﻥ ﮐﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻭ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻗﻴﻤﺖﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﭘﯽ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‬

‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻩ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﯼ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺗﯽ ﻫﻤﭽﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺗﻠﻔﻦ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﯽ )‪ ،(VoIP‬ﺷﺒﮑﻪﯼ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﯽ‬
‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯﯼ ) ‪ ،(VPN‬ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﻫﻤﭽﻮﻥ ﻓﺎﻳﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﯽ‪ ،‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﯼ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺪﺋﻮﻳﯽ ﻭ … ﻭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﯼ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪۴٠‬‬
 ‫‪: VPN‬‬

‫‪ Virtual Private Network‬ﻧﻮﻋﯽ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﮑﺮﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻣﻨﻴﺖ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯼ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﻮﭘﻮﻟﻮﮊﯼ ﻫﺎﯼ‬
‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮﯼ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝ ﺑﯽ ﻧﻈﻴﺮﯼ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻳﮏ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﯽ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﺘﻔﺮﻗﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮐﭙﺴﻮﻟﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻭ‬

‫ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﯽ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻣیﺸﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭﺣﻴﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﺳﻪ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﺘﻔﺮﻗﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻨﻴﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﺳﻪ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﮑﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺍﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﺎﻣﻼ ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﺁﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﻫﺎﻳﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺷﻌﺒﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﭘﺮﺍﮐﻨﺪﻩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻣﻨﻴﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﺳﻪ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﮑﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎﺭ ﻣیﺮﻭﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫‪:VOD‬‬

‫‪ Video on Demand‬ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ ‪ VOD‬ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﭘﺨﺶ ﻭﻳﺪﻳﻮ ﻭ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﯼ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ‪ IP‬ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺨﺶ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻠﻮﻳﺰﻳﻮﻧﯽ ‪ ،‬ﭘﺨﺶ ﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻫﺎ ‪ ،‬ﮐﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﺑﻘﺎﺕ ﻭﺭﺯﺷﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﯼ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻫﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﯼ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻠﻮﻳﺰﻳﻮﻧﯽ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻭﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻠﻮﻳﺰﻳﻮﻧﯽ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﮐﺎﺭﺗﻬﺎﯼ ‪ PCI‬ﻭ ‪ AGP‬ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬

‫ﻣیﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺳﺮﻭﺭﻫﺎﯼ ‪ Encoding‬ﺑﻪ ﻳﮑﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﭘﺨﺶ ﻣیﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﮐﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻭﻳﺪﺋﻮﻳﯽ ‪: Video Conferencing‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻳﮏ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﮔﻔﺖ ‪ Video Conferencing‬ﻳﻌﻨﯽ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﯼ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺷﻬﺮﯼ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻦ‬

‫ﺷﻬﺮﯼ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﮐﺸﻮﺭﯼ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺮﮐﻴﺒﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﮐﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺻﺪﺍ ‪ ،‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺩﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻣﺪﺍﺭﮎ ﮐﺎﻏﺬﯼ )ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪﺍﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ‪ ( ...‬ﺍﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﻭ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﮐﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺸﻨﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺒﻴﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ( ٣-٤‬ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﯼ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ‪:‬‬

‫• ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺯﻳﺮﺳﺎﺧﺖ )‪ (Backhaul‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮﺍﺗﯽ ‪:‬‬

‫ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﺁﻥ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪ :‬ﺯﻳﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﯽ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﯽ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﯽ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﯽ ﺳﻴﻢ‪،‬ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻧﮑﯽ‪،‬ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻣﻨﻴﺘﯽ )ﭘﻠﻴﺲ‪،‬ﺁﺗﺶ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﯽ‪ ،‬ﺍﻭﺭﮊﺍﻧﺲ ﻭ ‪،(....‬ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﯽ)ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﻫﺎﯼ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ ‪،(...‬ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﻗﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮﺍﺗﯽ )ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻫﺎ‪،‬ﺳﻤﻴﻨﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ‪ (...‬ﻭ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫• ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﯽ ﺳﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﻳﯽ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﮐﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ : ١- ٤‬ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ‬

‫‪۴١‬‬
 ‫‪ ( ٤-٤‬ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﯼ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﯼ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬

‫ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮐﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﭘﻬﻦ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﺛﺒﺖ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬ﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻳﮏ ﻣﻮﺩﻡ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ‪ ،‬ﻳﮏ‬
‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻪ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ‪ ،‬ﮐﻠﻤﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﯼ ﻭ ﺭﻣﺰ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮎ ﻣﯽ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮎ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺩﻡ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮎ )‪ (Station Subscriber‬ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻠﯽ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬

‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻭﺻﻞ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻳﯽ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ‪ :‬ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺗﺤﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ )‪ (outdoor fixed‬ﻭ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﭘﻮﺷﺸﯽ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ‬
‫)‪ (indoor fixed‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪﻭﺩﯼ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﭘﻬﻦ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﮐﺎﺑﻠﯽ )‪ (DSL‬ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﯼ ﮐﻮﭼﯽ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮎ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮﺩﻡ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺎﮊﻭﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺭﻭﯼ ﻟﭗ ﺗﺎﭖ ﺳﻮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮎ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻗﻄﻊ ﮐﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺍﯼ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻳﻌﻨﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﻟﯽ ﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮎ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﯼ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‬

‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮎ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺯﺩﻥ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﮐﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﯼ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ‬

‫ﺗﺤﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻳﮏ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ )‪ (station base‬ﻧﺰﺩﻳﮏ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺩﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﯽ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ‬

‫)‪ (HandOver‬ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﻌﯽ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﮐﻮﺗﺎﻫﯽ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﺎﺗﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﻳﺮﮐﺮﺩ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﯽ‪ ،‬ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﮐﺎﺭﺍﻳﯽ ﻭ ﺣﺘﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺭﺥ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﯼ ﺳﻴﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮎ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺘﯽ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ ۰‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ۶۰‬ﮐﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻗﻄﻌﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ‬

‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻫﻴﭻ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﮐﺎﺭﺍﻳﯽ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ ۶۰‬ﮐﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ‪ ،‬ﻫﻢ ﻗﻄﻌﯽ ﮐﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﺍﻓﺖ ﮐﺎﺭﺍﻳﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﯼ ﺳﻴﺎﺭ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ‬

‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮎ ﺳﻴﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﭼﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ‪،‬ﭼﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﮎ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺣﺘﯽ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ ۱۲۰‬ﮐﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻗﻄﻌﯽ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬

‫ﻭ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻓﺖ ﮐﺎﺭﺍﻳﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﺮﮐﺮﺩ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ ۵۰ms‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ‬

‫ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ ۱%‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﯽ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺳﻴﺎﺭ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻧﺎﺗﯽ ﭼﻮﻥ‪ VoIP‬ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻟﻦ ﺳﻴﻤﯽ ﻭ ﺑﯽ ﺳﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﯽ ﻭ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﺑﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪۴٢‬‬
 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ : ٢- ٤‬ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ‬

‫‪ ( ٥-٤‬ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻫﻢ ﺭﻭﺑﻪ ﺭﻭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺑﯽ ﺣﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺯ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﻣﻨﻴﺖ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺍﺯﺍﺕ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻓﻨﯽ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﯽ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ ﻭ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﻻﺯﻡ ﻭ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺁﻥ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺩﻭﻡ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺗﯽ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﻠﻔﻦ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﺎﻥ »ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ«ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﯼ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﯽ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻻﻥ ﺫﻳﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﯼ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﯼ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﺒﺮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺑﺴﺘﺮﻫﺎﯼ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﯽ‪ ،‬ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺣﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﯼ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ‪WiMax‬‬

‫‪ ( ٦-٤‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻓﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﯼ ﻫﺎ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ : ٣- ٤‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ﻭ ﻭﺍﻱ ﻓﺎﻱ‬

‫‪۴٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﯼ ﻓﺎﯼ ﻳﮏ ﻓﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﯼ ﭘﻬﻦ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﺑﯽ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ IEEE٨٠٢.١١‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺤﻠﯽ ﺑﯽ ﺳﻴﻢ‬
‫)‪ (WLAN‬ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ۹۷‬ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﻧﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺴﯽ ‪ ۲/۴‬ﻭ ‪ ۵‬ﮔﻴﮕﺎ ﻫﺮﺗﺰﯼ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺲ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻣﺠﻮﺯ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬ﻧﺮﺥ ﺑﻴﺘﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪﺍﮐﺜﺮ ‪ ۵۴Mbps‬ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﻭﺍﯼ ﻓﺎﯼ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ‬
‫‪ …,a,b,e,g,h,I,n٨٠٢.١١ IEEE‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺩﻣﯽ ﺍﺯ ‪ ۸۰۲/۱۱ g‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﻟﭗ ﺗﺎﭖ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺗﻠﻔﻦ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ‬
‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻭﺍﯼ ﻓﺎﯼ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺷﺨﺼﯽ‪ ،‬ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﮏ ﮐﺎﺭﺕ ﻭﺍﯼ ﻓﺎﯼ ﻧﺼﺐ ﮐﺮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﮐﺎﺭﺕ ﻫﺎﯼ ‪ PCMCIA‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﮐﺴﺘﺮﻧﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ‪ USB‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬ﺗﮑﻨﻴﮏ ﻣﺪﻭﻻﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪OFDM‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﻭ ﻭﺍﯼ ﻓﺎﯼ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻭ ﭼﺎﺭﭼﻮﺏ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﭽﻪ‪)،‬ﭼﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﻭ ﭼﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ( ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﺷﺶ ﺳﺎﻝ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺍﯼ ﻓﺎﯼ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﺩﺭ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻭﺍﯼ ﻓﺎﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺤﻠﯽ ﺑﯽ ﺳﻴﻢ ﻭ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺷﻬﺮﯼ ﺑﯽ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺩ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺩ ﻭﺍﯼ ﻓﺎﯼ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺗﺤﺮﮎ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﯽ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ‬
‫ﮐﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﻃﻴﻒ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺍﯼ ﻓﺎﯼ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺲ ﻭ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯼ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ‬

‫ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻓﮑﺮ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻓﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﯼ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﻮﻳﻢ‪،‬ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺩﻳﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﮑﻤﻞ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻮﺑﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬ﭼﺮﺍ ﮐﻪ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﻭﺍﯼ ﻓﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺑﯽ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬

‫‪ Spot Hot‬ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﻭﺻﻞ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ Spot Hot .‬ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻳﮏ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺑﯽ ﺳﻴﻢ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ : ١-٤‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ﻭ ﻭﺍﻱ ﻓﺎﻱ‬

‫‪Wi-FI‬‬ ‫‪Wimax‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫‪ ١٠٠‬ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫‪ ٩.٥‬ﮐﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫‪11 Mbps‬‬ ‫‪72 Mbps‬‬

‫ﺍﻣﻨﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﭘﻨﻬﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ‬

‫ﮐﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﭘﻮﻳﺎﻱ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ‪،‬‬

‫‪QoS‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﺪﺍ ﻭ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬

‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﯽ ﻧﺴﻞ ﺳﻮﻡ ) ‪: ( 3G‬‬

‫‪ 3G‬ﻳﮏ ﻓﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﯼ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻭﻥ ﺑﯽ ﺳﻴﻢ )‪ (WWAN‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺴﯽ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯼ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ‪ 3G‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ‬

‫ﺍﻣﺮ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺘﯽ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﯽ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﯼ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻃﻴﻒ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺴﯽ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﮐﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺯﺍﻥ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‪ 3G‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪).‬ﻣﺠﻮﺯ ‪ UMTS‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﻣﯽ ﺭﺳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 3G‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺍﮐﻨﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺁﻥ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ‪ HSDPA‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ۲۰۰۵‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﮐﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺗﺶ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﮐﻞ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﮔﻔﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﯼ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ‪ 3G ،‬ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯼ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ‬

‫‪۴۴‬‬
‫ﻻﻳﻪ ﯼ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﮑﯽ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﯼ ‪ OFDM‬ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬ﺗﮑﻨﻴﮑﯽ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻃﻴﻒ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺴﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﯽ ﺳﻮﺩ ﻣﯽ ﺟﻮﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﻫﺎﻳﯽ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺗﺎ ‪ OFDM‬ﺩﺭ ‪ 3G‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﮐﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺗﮑﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﯼ ﺷﻮﺩ‪،‬ﮐﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﮐﻤﯽ ﺗﺎ ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻃﻴﻒ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺴﯽ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ‬

‫ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻳﮏ ﮐﺸﻮﺭ ﺗﺎ ﮐﺸﻮﺭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﮐﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﮐﺎﺭﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﺸﮑﻞ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺳﻴﺎﺭ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺴﯽ ﺷﺪﻩ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﮐﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺲ‬
‫ﻫﺎﯼ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﺩﭼﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮐﻪ ﺭﮔﻮﻻﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﺳﻴﺎﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﯼ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ 3G .‬ﺳﻠﻮﻟﯽ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻳﮏ ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﻭ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﯼ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﯼ ﭼﻮﻥ ﻧﻮﮐﻴﺎ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻋﻼﻗﻪ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‬

‫‪ 3G‬ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻼﻗﻪ ﻣﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﯼ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ‪،‬ﺣﺎﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻏﻮﻝ ﭘﻴﮑﺮﯼ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﻞ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻣﺴﻮﻧﮓ‪ KT ،‬ﻭ ‪ ...‬ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﮐﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻣﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﻍ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﻭ ‪ 3G‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ)ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ‪ PS3‬ﻭ ‪ X-box‬ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺩﺭﻭ( ﺑﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﯼ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺟﻠﺐ ﻋﻼﻗﻪ ﻭ ﺭﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﻋﻤﻮﻡ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﺮﻭﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ‬
‫ﮐﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ : ٢-٤‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﻲ ﺳﻴﻢ‬

‫ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺵ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﺩﺭ ‪ : IMT-2000‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﮐﺘﺒﺮ ‪ ،۲۰۰۷‬ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩﻳﻪ ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻞ)‪ ،(ITU‬ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﺭﺍ ﺟﺰﺀ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺳﻴﺎﺭ ‪IMT-‬‬

‫‪ 2000‬ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺖ ﻭ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﺷﺸﻤﻴﻦ ﻭﺍﺳﻂ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻳﯽ ‪ IMT-2000‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ‪ 3G‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻄﯽ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻧﺪﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺴﯽ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﯼ ﻫﺎﯼ ‪ 3G‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﯼ ﺍﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ ‪ IMT-2000‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﯼ ﻭ‬

‫ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻧﺴﻞ ﺳﻮﻡ ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮﺍﺕ ﺳﻴﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺗﮑﻨﻴﮏ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﯽ ‪ CDMA،TDMA،FDMA‬ﻭ ‪OFDMA‬‬

‫ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺵ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ‪ ،IMT-2000‬ﺭﺍﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺗﯽ ﭼﻮﻥ ‪ VoIP‬ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﺗﺮ ﮐﺮﺩ‪.‬ﺣﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪،‬ﻓﻦ‬

‫ﺁﻭﺭﯼ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻧﺴﻞ ﺳﻮﻡ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﻧﺪﻫﺎﯼ ‪ ۲/۶۹-۲/۴۹‬ﮔﻴﮕﺎ ﻫﺮﺗﺰﯼ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﯽ ﺳﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩ‪.‬ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩﻳﻪ ‪ GSM‬ﻭ‬

‫ﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﯽ ‪ ،T-Mobile،O2‬ﺯﻳﻤﻨﺲ ﻭ ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩﻳﻪ ‪ UMTS‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻔﺖ ﮐﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﻣﺠﻮﺯ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺴﯽ ‪ ۲/۶ GHZ‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﯼ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﮐﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﮔﺬﺍﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺵ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﮏ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺖ ‪ IMT-2000‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬
‫ﮐﻪ ﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ‪ 3G‬ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﻇﻒ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻭ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺗﺸﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬ﺑﻠﮑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻳﮏ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﮕﺮﯼ ﺟﻬﺖ‬

‫ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ WiMAX‬ﺩﺭ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺎ ‪WLAN‬‬

‫‪ WiMax‬ﺑﺎﺑﺮﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪ ٥٠‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ‪ ٧٠‬ﻣﮕﺎ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ‪،‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺨﺸﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ‪ ASL‬ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬

‫‪۴۵‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺿﻌﻒ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﭘﻬﻦ ﻓﻌﻠﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﻢ ﻛﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻛﺸﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺟﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ‪ WiMax‬ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺗﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻛﻨﺪ ‪ WiMax‬ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﭘﻬﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬

‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﻲ ﺳﻴﻢ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ‪ WiMax‬ﺭﻗﻴﺐ ‪ LAN‬ﺑﻲ ﺳﻴﻢ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﻧﺤﺼﺎﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻛﺸﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ WiMax‬ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ‪ ٧٠‬ﻣﮕﺎ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺍﻱ ‪ ٥٠‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺟﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ‪ Wlan‬ﻳﺎ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺳﻴﻤﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻛﺠﺎ ﺍﺯ ‪ WLAN‬ﺟﺪﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ؟‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻱ‪ WiMax ،‬ﻭ ‪ WLAN‬ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺗﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ WLAN‬ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺯﻳﻤﻨﺲ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ‪ WiMax‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﻲ ‪ ٢.٤‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ٢.٨٣٤‬ﮔﻴﮕﺎ ﻫﺮﺗﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ‬

‫‪ WLAN‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻜﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺁﻧﺘﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ‪ ٨٠٢.١٦‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺗﺤﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻫﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺘﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ .‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺁﻧﺘﻦ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺁﻧﺘﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺁﻧﺘﻦ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﻧﺘﻦ ﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ‪ WiMax‬ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﺁﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺭﻏﻢ ﻣﻮﺍﻧﻊ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﻭ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺧﺘﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﻧﺲ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﺎﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻃﺒﻖ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻫﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﻧﺘﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ‪ MIMO‬ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‪ -‬ﭼﻨﺪ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺁﻧﺘﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻜﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﺘﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺘﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪MO-MI‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ ﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻨﺘﻞ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻭﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﻧﺘﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﻤﺎ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ‪.‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ‬

‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﻧﺘﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ‪ pc‬ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻧﻮﺕ ﺑﻮﻙ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻫﺮ ﺁﻧﺘﻦ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻻﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ IEEE802.16‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺘﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Mesh‬ﻧﻴﺰ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺤﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﺗﺮ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Mesh‬ﺗﻠﻔﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ‪PDA،‬ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﺕ ﺑﻮﻙ ﻫﺎ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺯﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪ pc‬ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ‬
‫ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﻠﻔﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻳﺎ‪ PDA‬ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺗﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪،‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ‪ ADSL‬ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ‪ WiMAX‬ﮐﺠﺎﺳﺖ؟‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺍﺯ ﮐﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﮐﺮﻩ ﯼ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﯼ ﮐﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺴﯽ ﺍﻧﺒﻮﻩ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﺗﻠﻔﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﻣﺮﺯ‪ ٩٠‬ﺍﻓﺰﻭﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﯼ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺭﻭﯼ ﮐﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺴﯽ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﭘﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪ ADSL‬ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫‪۴۶‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﮐﺸﻮﺭﯼ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﮐﻪ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﮐﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺴﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ) ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﺗﻠﻔﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮐﺸﻮﺭﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ ١٠‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﺿﺮﻳﺐ‬
‫ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﺗﻠﻔﻦ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮐﺸﻮﺭ ‪ ١٣.٥‬ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ( ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﭘﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺗﻠﻔﻦ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻧﺴﻞ ﺳﻮﻡ ‪ 3G‬ﺭﺍﻩ ﺣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺗﺮﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺗﻠﻔﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ‪ ٢٥‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻧﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺗﻠﻔﻦ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻧﺴﻞ ‪ ٢.‬ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ٤٥‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮎ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬ﺭﺍﻩ ﺣﻞ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﯼ ﭼﺎﺭﻩ ﺳﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﯼ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻨﮑﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﮐﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﮕﯽ ﻭ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﮕﯽ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﯼ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﮐﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪) PCM‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯﻳﮏ ﺯﻭﺝ ﺳﻴﻢ ﻣﺴﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮎ( ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺗﻠﻔﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﯽ ﮐﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﺎ ‪ PCM‬ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺑﮑﺮﯼ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻓﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﯼ‪ WIMAX‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﭼﺮﺍ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮎ ﮐﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺴﯽ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬

‫ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻘﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﻫﻢ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮐﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺴﯽ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ‪ ADSL‬ﻣﺸﮑﻞ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﭘﺮﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺣﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻓﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﯼ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺳﻴﻢ ﻭﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﯼ ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮﺍﺗﯽ ﮐﺸﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺷﻬﺮﯼ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺴﯽ ﺧﻴﻠﯽ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪١٠‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﯽ ﺭﺳﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﯼ ﮐﺎﺑﻠﯽ ﮐﻪ ﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ %٧٠‬ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﯼ ﺭﺍ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﻘﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﮐﻤﺎ ﺍﻳﻨﮑﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﯼ ﻣﻌﺎﺑﺮ‬

‫ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﻦ ﻣﺸﮑﻼﺗﯽ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﯽ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‬

‫ﻟﺬﺍ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﯼ ﮐﺮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺭ ﮐﺮﻩ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ٢٠٠٨‬ﻓﻘﻂ ‪ ٢٠٠‬ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮎ ﭘﺮﺳﺮﻋﺖ ‪ WIMAX‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻘﻴﻪ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺿﻴﺎﻥ ﭘﺮ‬

‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‪ ADSL‬ﻣﺸﮑﻠﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﺳﻮﺩﮔﯽ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﮐﺎﺑﻞ ﻧﺎﮔﺰﻳﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻭ ﺳﻮﯼ ﻓﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﯼ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻣیﺮﻭﺩ ‪،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻳﻌﻨﯽ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ‪4G ،٣G‬ﻭ ‪ WIMAX‬ﻭ ‪ LTE‬ﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﭘﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮﮊﯼ ‪ WIMAX‬ﺩﺭ ﮐﺮﻩ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺧﻮﺑﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺖ ﻓﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪WIMAX‬‬

‫‪802.16.D‬ﺑﺎ ﻓﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﯼ )ﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮎ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﺮﯼ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮎ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺗﺤﺮﮎ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪)ADSL‬ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﮐﺎﺑﻞ‬

‫ﻣﺴﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻓﻌﻠﯽ ‪ ADSL‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﯼ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﻟﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﺳﻮﺩﮔﯽ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻣﺴﯽ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺳﻴﻢ ‪WIMAX‬ﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﻫﺮ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺁﻣﺪﻥ ﻓﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪ WIMAX 802.16.e‬ﻭ ‪ WIMAX 802.16.M‬ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ‬

‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺍﻣﻦ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﺳﻮﺩﮔﯽ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺴﯽ ﻧﺎﮔﺰﻳﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ‪ WIMAX‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ‬

‫ﺳﻴﻢ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﮕﻴﺰﻩ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﯼ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻓﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪ WIMAX‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﭼﺮﺍ ﮐﻪ ‪: 25‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺗﻠﻔﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺍﺯ ﮐﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺴﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﯽ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬

‫ﻭ ﺍﺯ ‪ PCM‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﮐﻬﻨﮕﯽ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﯼ ﮐﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺴﯽ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ‪ ADSL‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﮑﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﯼ ‪٤٥‬‬
‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻧﯽ ﺗﻠﻔﻦ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻧﺴﻞ ‪٢‬ﺗﺎ‪ ٢.٧٥‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻩ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ‪GPRS ، SMS‬ﻭ ‪MMS‬ﻭ ﮐﻮﭼﮑﯽ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﻠﻔﻦ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺭﻏﺒﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮﯼ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﯼ ﺍﺭﺿﺎﺀ ﻧﻤﯽ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻓﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﯼ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺗﺮ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ‪WIMAX‬ﭼﺎﺭﻩ ﺳﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﯽ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪) .‬ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺗﺎ‪ 5.5‬ﻣﮕﺎﺑﻴﺖ(‬

‫ﻟﺬﺍ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻣﯽ ﮔﻴﺮﻳﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﯼ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ‪WIMAX‬ﻫﻢ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﯼ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺳﻬﻞ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﺑﺸﺮﻁ ﺁﻧﮑﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﮋﯼ‬
‫)ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺭﺍﻩ(ﺑﺪﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﺭﻗﺒﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ‬

‫‪۴٧‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﻤﭽﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﻱﻓﺎﻱ ﻭ ﻧﺴﻞ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﺳﻴﺎﺭ )‪ ،( 3G‬ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎﻥ ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮐﺎﻥ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻋﻤﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎﻥ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﭘﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﻣﻲ‪-‬‬

‫ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﮑﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻻﻳﻞ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﮐﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺎ ﮐﻨﻮﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﺑﺨﺸﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺯﻣﺎﻥﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺗﺮ ﻋﻤﻞ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﻞ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﺷﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺳﻴﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻱﻓﺎﻱ‪ /‬ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺵ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ‪ LTE‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﮑﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻗﻴﺒﺎﻥ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﭘﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻱ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ‬
‫ﮐﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﮐﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﺮﮐﺖﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺷﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ‬

‫ﻭﺳﻴﻊ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻴﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻱ ﺩﻭ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ‪ Verizon Wireless‬ﻭ ‪ Nokia Siemens Networks‬ﺑﻪ ﭼﺸﻢ ﻣﻲﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﮐﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻧﺴﻞ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺘﻲ ‪ LTE‬ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﮐﻤﮏ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ‪ LTE‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﺎﻧﺸﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮﻩ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺴﻞ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﺳﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﻧﻈﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﻱ ﺗﺎ ‪ ١٧٠‬ﻣﮕﺎﺑﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻲﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﻱ ﮐﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ‪ LTE‬ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﺳﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞﮔﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻭﺭﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﺳﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﺸﺘﺎﺯ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻗﻴﺐ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻧﺎﻣﺤﺘﻤﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺖ ‪ 4G‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﻲﺳﻴﻢ ‪ EVDO‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﮐﻨﻮﻥ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺳﻴﺎﺭ‬

‫ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻲﮐﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮐﺎﻥ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺟﺬﺏ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺿﻴﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﻴﻤﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪۴٨‬‬
 ‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ : ٣-٤‬ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﮐﺮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫● ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻻ‬

‫● ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬

‫● ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺘﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ : ٤-٤‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺗﺤﺮﻙ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻫﺎ‬

‫‪۴٩‬‬
 ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
3DES Triple Data Encryption Standard
3G third generation
AAA Authentication Authority and Accounting
AAs Advanced Antenna System
AES Advanced Encryption System
ACDMA Asynchronous CDMA
AMC Adaptive Modulation and Coding
ARQ Automatic Request Query
ASM Adjacent Subscarier Method
ASN Access Service Network
ASP Application Service Provider
ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode
AWGN Additive White Gaussian Noise
BE Best Effort
BLER Block error rate
BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying
BS Base Station
BSC Base Station Controller
BTS Base Station Transceiver
CBR Contention Bandwidth Request
CCI Co – channel Interference
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
CID Connection Identifier
CR Contention Region
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
CS Convergence Sublayer
CSN Connectivity Service Network
DL Down Link
DOCSIS Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification
DSL Digital Subscriber Line
DSM Diversity Subscriber Method
DVB Digital Video Broadcast
EAP Extensible Authentication Protcol
ERTPS Extended rtps
EVDO Evolution Data Optimized
FA Foreign Agent
FBSS Fast Base Station Switching
FCH Frame Control Header
FD Frequency Diversity
FDD Frequency Diversity Duplexing
FEC Forward Error Correction
FFT Fast Fourier Transform
FIPS Federal Information Processing Standard
FRF Frequency Reuse Factor
FSF Frequency Selective Fading

۵٠
FTP File Transfer Protocol
FUSC Full Usage of Subscarrier
GMH Generic MAC Header
GW Gate Way
HA Home Agent
HARQ Hybrid ARQ
HHO Hard Hand Over
HSDPA High Speed Downlink Packet Access
HUMAN High Speed Unlicensed Metropolitan Area Network
IDFT Invers DFT
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IETF Internet Engineering Task Force
IFFT invers FFT
IMS IP Multimedia Subsystem
IP Internet Protcol
ISI Inter Symbol Interference
ITU International Telecommunications Union
LOS Line Of Sight
LTE Long Term Evolution
MAC media Access Control
MBS Multicast and Broadcast Service
MDHO Macro Diversity Hand Over
MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output
ML – LFSR Maximum Length – Linear Feedback Shift Register
MM Multicarrier Modulation
MPDU MAC Protocol Data Unit
MPMP Multi Point to Multi Point
MS Mobile Station
MSDU MAC Service Data Unit
NAP Network Access Provider
NLOS Non LOS
NSP Network Service Provider
Nrtps Non rtps
OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
PARP Peak to Average Power Ratio
PHY Physical
PKM Privacy and Key Management
PMP Point to Multi Point
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
PUSC Partial Usage of Sub Carriers
QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
QOS Quality Of Service
QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
SC Single Carrier
SFID Service Flow Identifier
SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node

۵١
SINR Signal to Interference Plus Noise Ratio
SM Spatial Multiplexing
SNR Signal to Noise Ratio
SOFDMA Scalable OFDMA
SS Subscriber Station
STBC Space Time Block Code
STC Space Time Coding
SVD Singular Value Decomposition
RF Radio Frequency
RSA Rivest – Shamer- Adleman
Rtps Real Time Polling Service
TDD Time Division Duplexing
TDM Time Division Multiplexing
TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
UGS Unsolicited Grant Service
UL Uplink
VOIP Voice Over IP
VPN Virtual Private Network
WMAN Wireless Metropolitan Area Network
Wi-Fi Wireless Fidelity
Wimax Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
3GPP Third Generation Partnership Program

: ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬
[1]-Masood KHOSROSHAHY ,Vivien NGUYEN, April 2006; A Study of WiMax QoS Mechanisms. ,Project
supervisor:Prof. Philippe Godlewski
[2]-Harwinder Singh , Maninder Singh Kamboj , 12, July 2010 , Performance Analysis of QoS in PMP Mode
WiMax NetworksDepartment of Computer Science, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India , International
Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)Volume 3 – No.12, July 2010
[3]-Submitted To: Dr. Mohammed Mikki. Submitted By: Mohammed Dawood. WiMAX & QoS
[4]-Jianfeng Chen, Wenhua Jiao, Qian Guo,, An Integrated QoS Control Architecture for IEEE 802.16
Broadband Wireless Access Systems,,Lucent Technologies, Bell Labs Research China
١٣٨٨ ‫ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬، ‫ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﺭﺱ ﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪ‬، ‫ﭼﺎﭖ ﺍﻭﻝ‬،‫ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻲ ﺳﻴﻢ‬،‫ﻣﺮﺗﻀﻲ ﻭﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎ‬،‫ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﻱ‬-
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﻬﺎﺩﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ‬،‫ﭼﺎﭖ ﺍﻭﻝ‬،‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻴﺒﺮﻧﻮﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺑﻲ ﺳﻴﻢ‬،‫ﻋﺒﺎﺳﻌﻠﻲ‬،‫ﺭﺿﺎﻳﻲ‬، ‫ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺣﺴﻴﻦ‬، ‫ ﻳﻐﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻘﺪﻡ‬-
١٣٨٦‫ﺑﻬﺎﺭ‬،‫ﻣﺸﻬﺪ‬
١٣٨٨‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬، ‫ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬، ‫ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻫﻢ ﭘﺎ‬، ‫ ﭼﺎﭖ ﺍﻭﻝ‬، ‫ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻜﺲ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﭼﺸﻢ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯ‬، ‫ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻃﻴﻒ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ‬-

۵٢
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺤﻤﻮﺩﻱ ‪،‬ﻋﻠﻴﺮﺿﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﺭﺱ ﻫﺎﺷﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺪ ﻣﺤﻤﻮﺩ ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﺗﺎﺧﻴﺮﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻫﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪ ،OFDM‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻭﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ‬
‫‪-‬ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ ﺑﻲ ﺳﻴﻢ ‪ -‬ﺣﺴﻴﻦ ﺁﺟﺮﻟﻮ‬
‫‪ -‬ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﻃﻼﻉ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ‪http://www.ictnews.ir ،‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻭﺑﻼﮒ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﮑﺲ ‪http://www.wimax.blogfa.com ،‬‬
‫‪http://www.achoopani.ir -‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻚ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ‪http://www.electronews.ir ،‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﻭ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ‪http://bebinim.mihanblog.com ،‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ‪http://www.shirazpardaz.ir ،‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ‪http://www.elc87.mihanblog.com ،‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﺴﻞ ‪http://irancell.ir ،‬‬

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