Revisiting Talent Management Practices in A Pandemic Driven Vuca Environment - A Qualitative Investigation in The Indian It Industry

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Journal of Critical Reviews

ISSN-2394-5125 Vol 7, Issue 7, 2020

REVISITING TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN A PANDEMIC DRIVEN VUCA


ENVIRONMENT – A QUALITATIVE INVESTIGATION IN THE INDIAN IT INDUSTRY
MITIKA NANGIA1, DR. FARHAT MOHSIN2
1Research
Scholar, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad, India.
mitika.nangia06@gmail.com
2Associate Professor, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad, India. farhat.fms@mriu.edu.in

Received: 16.02.2020 Revised: 24.03.2020 Accepted: 20.04.2020

Abstract
Organisations across the globe have been operating in a landscape which is volatile, uncertain complex and ambiguous (VUCA). The
notion of “VUCA” was introduced by the United States Army way back in 1980’s to describe the unpredictable environment that resulted
from the end of cold war and it has been staying with us since then. The acronym has been used time and again by organisations and
business leaders to describe the dynamic business landscape that may have resulted from various crisis situations such as Global
Financial Crisis in 2008-2009, Demonetisation, BREXIT. The most recent example of VUCA has been the spread of Coronavirus (COVID
19) pandemic. Organisations and employees at global and domestic levels are experiencing highest levels of uncertainty due to the
COVID-19 pandemic, the impact of which is unprecedented. There are several VUCA factors that have emerged due to the spread of
COVID 19. This has created deep implications for strategic business leaders across the world. The prime goal for any organisation in the
present scenario is survival, well-being and effective management of the human workforce. Therefore, Human Resources, the one that
revolves around managing people and workplace environment plays an important role in this pandemic era. In the process, talent
management is considered to be of prime importance as many organisations are struggling to implement effective talent management
practices to sustain through the current environment. This study presents insights into the Indian Information Technology (IT) Industry
in the context of a pandemic driven landscape. While the outbreak of COVID pandemic in the year 2020 has led to the rest of the
industries crippling, business for tech industry has been steady. Therefore, this generates a need to understand the talent management
practices that have been adopted by the sector which has enabled the organisations in the industry to thrive through such challenging
times. It is a qualitative investigation accomplished with the help of in-depth interviews of senior HR professionals across the IT sector.
The literature in the paper has been enriched with different types of studies. The findings are based on data gathered from above sources
(primary and secondary). The research makes an attempt to identify the talent management practices that have been undertaken in the
IT industry to combat the pandemic driven VUCA factors, incorporated in a framework for future reference.
Keywords: VUCA (Volatile, Uncertain, Complex, Ambiguous), Pandemic, COVID-19, Talent Management Practices, Information
Technology (IT) Industry.

© 2020 by Advance Scientific Research. This is an open-access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.07.170

INTRODUCTION
Background to the Study workforce. Therefore, Human Resources plays an important role
The acronym VUCA that stands for Volatilty, Uncertainty, in this pandemic era. This has forced organisations and industry
Complexity and Ambiguity has been used extensively by business segments across geographies to revamp their HR strategies to be
circles to represent the rapidly and constantly changing business able to sustain through VUCA times. In the process, talent
environment. This phenomenon originated in the past during the management is considered to be of prime importance as many
era of cold war and has been prevalent since then. Forecasts organisations are struggling to implement effective talent
suggest that VUCA is going to stay with us in the future as well. management practices to sustain through the current
There are different sets of VUCA factors that have been impacting environment.
economies of the world as well as different industries in India.
This study presents insights into the Indian Information
One such classic example is the outbreak of COVID 19 pandemic.
Technology (IT) Industry in the context of a pandemic landscape.
It is the greatest global health challenge the world has faced.
While the outbreak of COVID pandemic in the year 2020 has led
The global economy has gone for a toss amidst the COVID-19 to the rest of the industries struggling, business for tech industry
pandemic. Similarly, Indian economy is witnessing its steepest has been steady. A report by India Brand Equity Foundation
downturn since independence. India is operating in a highly (2018) indicates that the Indian IT Industry is one of the fastest
unstable environment due to the pandemic. The nationwide growing industries in India and has played a major role in
lockdown has triggered several other VUCA factors impacting the increasing India’s visibility in the global market.
Indian economy. Confederation of Indian Industry (CII)
The sector contributed around 7.7% to India’s GDP in the
conducted a snap poll of 200 CEOs across India of which 52% of
previous year. Therefore, this generates a need to understand
the respondent CEOs have anticipated job losses in their
that even though the IT industry is also operating in a pandemic
respective sectors. They have also anticipated a fall in revenues
driven VUCA landscape, what are the talent management
by approximately 10% and a dip in profits by 5%. Other
practices that have been adopted by the sector which has
challenges that have been triggered by the pandemic are
enabled the organisations in the industry to thrive through such
business continuity, low employee motivation, working remotely,
challenging times and how this can be helpful to other industries.
layoffs etc.
The prime goal for any organisation in the present scenario is
survival, well-being and effective management of the human

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REVISITING TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN A PANDEMIC DRIVEN VUCA ENVIRONMENT – A QUALITATIVE
INVESTIGATION IN THE INDIAN IT INDUSTRY

REVIEW OF LITERATURE by the IT Industry are extreme export orientation (60% of


Impact of pandemic driven VUCA Environment on Global software export is to the United States), emerging competition,
Economy inadequate attention to domestic market, high attrition and
Companies and leaders across the globe have been operating in shortage of manpower.
an environment which is highly unstable. The consequences may
Some of the challenges faced by the Indian IT sector in the wake
be adverse. Organisations are trying to be proactive in this
of COVID 19 are working remotely. The delivery centres for
constantly changing and unpredictable world. (Gruwez, 2017).
many companies are struggling to adapt to work from home.
A survey report by KPMG (2020) highlights the impact of COVID Other challenges include meeting client requirements such as
19 on the global economy. There has been a massive supply discounts of 20%-30% on project fees. (Vakil,2020). According to
demand and market shock, the production has been curtailed Infosys CEO, challenges faced by Indian IT Industry due to
around the world and organisations have been suffering shortage Corona virus are inability of Indian IT organisations to deliver on
of inputs and other raw materials. The outbreak of pandemic has site, ramping down of projects related to airline, retail,
further led to strain on debt capital markets. The global hospitality, financial services industry, impact on revenue growth
challenges in the wake of COVID 19 stated in the report are social etc.
behaviours, spending patterns, travel habits, supply chain shock,
country interdependence, shift in service delivery models and Talent Management – A Key Aspect of Human Resource
consequential impacts on lifestyles. Management
When the spread of novel Corona virus began, perception was Best HR practice according to Dun and Bradstreet survey is
that it will remain localised only to China. However, it later Talent Management followed by Employee Engagement and
spread throughout the world resulting in a pandemic. This posed Training & Development. Hanif and Yunfei (2013) cited that
severe challenges such as social distancing and economic shocks. different human resource functions like recruitments, training,
performance management, and succession planning etc. play a
The severity was also felt in various sectors of the global
major role in the incorporation of effective talent management
economy with travel bans affecting the airlines and tourism
industry, various sports events cancellations impacting the practices. Talent management plays an important role for
sports industry, prohibition of mass gatherings and social motivating and therefore retaining the talent in the organization.
distancing impacting events and entertainment sector. (Elliot, Singh (2012) found out that in the era of globalization, talent
2020; Horowit, 2020). management has become an important factor. The organizations
therefore should understand their core competencies if they
want to overpower their competitors.
Impact of pandemic driven VUCA Environment on Indian
Economy
PROPOSITIONS
According to a study, India has always existed in a VUCA world. There is extensive literature available in the form of journals,
India is a cosmopolitan country with a lot of complexity and it research papers, organisational reports, government reports,
becomes important for corporates to learn from the media reports and articles available on web around VUCA
unpredictable nature around us. (Sabherwal, 2013). environment and challenges faced by global as well as Indian
According to a survey report by KPMG (2020), India’s real GDP economy in the wake of a pandemic. There have also been
growth has dipped to its lowest in the last six years. This has studies and literature describing the impact of pandemic driven
posed fresh challenges for the Indian Economy. These include VUCA landscape on Indian IT/ITes industry in specific. However,
domestic supply chain disruption, demand shock - fall in there is a lack of research that elucidates the various talent
consumption of consumers, supply shock – shutdown of management practices that have been adopted by the sector to
factories, high dependence on China for raw materials and sustain through a pandemic driven era. After discovering that the
intermediate goods has also been a challenge. The severity has in existing works will be insufficient to draw conclusions,
turn been impacting various organisations operating in the researchers pose the following research questions:
Indian Economy which has further led to organisational level • What are the various talent management practices
challenges such as working remotely, employee motivation, undertaken by organizations across Indian IT industry
salary cuts, limited remote working solutions and business operating in a pandemic driven VUCA environment?
continuity. Another survey report by Deloitte (2020) found out
• How can the identified Talent Management practices help
four major vectors that are likely to impact India’s economy.
other industries, which are going through a similar VUCA
The first vector stated in the report is supply disruption. This is environment?
majorly due to dependence on China for imports of raw and
intermediate material. The second vector is global and domestic RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
demand – the consumer spending has been hit badly, impact on • To explore the talent management practices undertaken by
hospitality and aviation sector, low profitability and organizations across the Indian IT Industry to sustain
manufacturing disruption have impacted many businesses and through a pandemic driven VUCA environment
investments. The third vector highlighted in the report is stress • To establish a framework based on identified Talent
on banking and financial sectors which includes increase in Management practices.
consumer loan default and stress on banks impacting credit
growth. The fourth and the last vector is falling oil prices. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The study is exploratory in nature and qualitative data has been
Impact of pandemic driven VUCA Environment on Indian IT collected from various primary and secondary sources. Extensive
Industry literature review was conducted by investigating journals,
Although Indian technology sector is one of the fastest growing research papers, organisational reports, government reports,
industries in India and has played a major role in increasing media reports and articles available on web which contributed
India’s visibility in the global market, still this growth is not free immensely in providing direction to the work. The newness of
from several challenges and VUCA factors that have been the subject demanded an in-depth qualitative analysis which
impacting the industry. Research conducted by Annapoorna and helped in identifying talent management practices adopted by
Bagalkoti (2015) analyzed the growth, features, reason for the Indian technology sector to sustain through a pandemic
growth and challenges faced by IT Industry. VUCA factors faced driven VUCA environment.

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REVISITING TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN A PANDEMIC DRIVEN VUCA ENVIRONMENT – A QUALITATIVE
INVESTIGATION IN THE INDIAN IT INDUSTRY

To identify the above on a deeper level, smaller sample sizes teams to take up various upskilling sessions. Based on the
were accumulated through semi-structured interviews over sessions attended, employees are assigned projects to give
telephone. The primary data-based study comprised of senior real time exposure
Human Resource (HR) professionals from organisations across • Cross functional exposure - In order to keep the motivation
the IT Industry. 50 HR professionals from the IT industry were levels high in teams with reduced workload, employees are
approached based on their experience in the industry and roles given cross functional exposure. Eg: L&D employee is given
in their respective organisations, participation in IT related upskilling sessions on understanding HR compliances so
conferences, explicit knowledge on forums, presence on social that this person starts managing compliance related issues
media (such as LinkedIn) and such related factors. The list as well
included Senior Vice President HR, Vice President HR, Associate • Employee life cycle has gone virtual – organization has
Vice President HR, General Manager HR etc. Emails were written come up with strategies such as rolling out online testes,
to prospective participants. From those who responded conducting virtual interviews including a creative online
affirmatively, 10 participants were chosen on the basis of onboarding
purposive sampling. The interview sessions with the
respondents gave authors the opportunity to get detailed Talent Management practices that have been undertaken by
responses. Respondent B1’s organization are up skilling, virtual L&D
program, cross function training and exposure, virtual employee
Semi-structured questionnaire had questions pertaining to their life cycle from on boarding to exit.
employee strength, current roles and responsibilities of the
participants and talent management practices adopted by their
Respondent B2
respective organisations to counter the current pandemic
scenario which were reviewed by experts (academicians and Respondent B2 is a senior HR professional at Senior VP level
industry experts) to ensure reliability. The recommendations with one of the leading IT companies having an employee
made by them were appreciated and incorporated. The study is strength of more than 50,000. Talent Management practices
restricted to organisations operating in the Indian IT sector described by the respondent are:
having an employee strength more than 1000. Each interview • Our organization is trying to create a centralized
lasted approximately 25–30 minutes. To maintain originality and environment (Central ERP) where one can find detailed
authenticity, all interviews were recorded. profiles of all employees across the organization. This will
For the purpose of data analysis, the interviews were transcribed be helpful for driving engaging discussions with clients. Eg:
by the author. All the recorded interviews were then compared while pitching to clients, sales team will have access to
with written transcripts. During the process, several talent available resources within the firm which can actually solve
management practices adopted by these organisations emerged. client requirements
These were further clustered on the basis of the information • We have devised creative employee engagement strategies
received. Finally, a framework was established defining the such as interactive virtual team meetings, wherein
relative priority of the identified talent management practices in employees are told to give a tour of their house/introduce
the IT Industry. their family including celebrations such as birthdays,
anniversaries or show your talent (painting, music etc)
DISCUSSION • Constant communication from senior leadership of the firm
This section presents key themes that emerged in the study. about managing home office as well as supporting the
Discussion will be accompanied by respondents’ answers in family by doing daily chores is helping employees connect
quotes. with the new working environment
Talent Management practices identified after interviewing
Talent Management practices undertaken by IT Respondent B2 are creation of a central ERP for driving engaging
organisations in India to sustain through a pandemic driven client discussion, creative employee engagement strategies,
VUCA environment constant communication by senior leadership.
The following theme relates to exploration of Talent
Management practices undertaken by IT organisations in India to Respondent B3
combat the pandemic driven VUCA environment.
Respondent B3 is a senior HR professional at VP level from one
These practices were identified through responses given by of the leading IT companies having employee strength of more
senior HR professionals (Head HR, Senior Vice President HR, Vice than 1000. Responses of the respondent have been summarised
President HR, Associate Vice President HR etc.) of select IT below:
organisations having employee strength of more than 1000. The
respondents have been denoted with B1, B2, till B10 to maintain • The whole lifecycle of employees is digital from on boarding
confidentiality of data. The respondents had requested not to to exit. Although this has been in place for quite some time
quote their identity and the names of their respective in our organisation but have been piggy banking and
organizations. A summary of responses from respondents B1 to making the right use of these digital platforms for engaging
B10 has been described below: with the workforce in the current scenario. Eg: We have an
application on cloud which can be downloaded on the
Respondent B1 mobile and once this application gets downloaded they can
Respondent B1 is a senior HR professional at AVP level with one see what is going on in the organisation, there is also a help
of the leading IT companies having employee strength of more desk tool embedded in that (like a chatbot), they can put up
than 10,000. Talent Management strategies being practiced in their general queries which gets redirected to the
the current scenario by the respondent’s organisation are as concerned person at the help desk etc
follows : • From the health and safety stand point which is of
paramount importance in this new normal we have opened
• Providing up skilling platforms to employees – The up a COVID helpline for all employees. We have a tie up
organization has recently started with a virtual L&D with a telemedicine organisation. The access to this app is
platform which can be downloaded as an app and is user free for all our employees and they can take up to seven
friendly. Eg: . Eg: Managers encourage their respective consultations a month on diseases that are general in

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REVISITING TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN A PANDEMIC DRIVEN VUCA ENVIRONMENT – A QUALITATIVE
INVESTIGATION IN THE INDIAN IT INDUSTRY

nature. You can book an appointment online, this app Respondent B6


comes really handy especially during this time when you Respondent B6 is the Head HR with a leading global IT service
can’t step out, you can book appointment and have a video and consulting organisation having an employee strength of
call with the doctor, get a free consultation. more than 15000. The responses are as follows:
• We have been organising webinars and virtual sessions on
fitness. Eg: Virtual zumba, yoga, health talks from experts • Business Continuity Plan has been really successful for our
etc. organisation in the current scenario so much so that all
employees are able to work from home. Our IT team has
Talent Management practices identified from the above been able to connect customer network to organisation
conversation are go digital- digital employee life cycle, staying network at homes of employees.
connected through different cloud platforms, ensuring creative • There is complete logistics support for transport of IT
ways of health and safety of employees (tie up with telemedicine infrastructure to new joiners or employees.
organisation), virtual sessions on yoga, zumba , health talks from • We have created a virtual onboarding programme for new
experts. joiners.

Respondent B4 Talent Management practices identified after speaking to


Respondent B4 is a senior HR professional at Head HR level with Respondent B6 are creative virtual on boarding, training sessions
one of the leading IT companies having employee strength of on transition from office set up to remote facility, successful
more than 30,000. Responses of the respondent have been implementation of business continuity plan.
summarised below:
Respondent B7
• We will not be cutting wages of our employees while some Respondent B7 is the Head HR for a leading IT company with an
companies have been doing this, we in fact plan to give employee strength more than 10,000. The responses are as
additional benefits to our employees during this time. How follows:
you treat your employees in this crisis situation will make a
difference and they will remember what you did to them at • Our mantra is “we are far yet connected”
the time when they needed you the most. • We have enabled a cloud platform which can be
• We have been trying to engage with our employees downloaded on phone. Employees can attend townhalls,
virtually. Team meetings happen over zoom, we have also read any updated shared by CEO. Through this one app they
launched a hobby club – photography is one of the areas , can totally stay connected.
there’s another hobby club for reading tied up with Maxter • We have created a formal group of communication on
and we have recently launched a cooking club as well where whatsapp. Leaders have been added on that group , they
you can showcase your culinary skills through videos etc. keep communicating with their teams on a regular basis
• Virtual recognition of employees on how they did through this.
something extraordinary or have delivered out of their core • We have tie up with vendors who provide bunch SMS
work even in such challenging situations service. In this way, it becomes easier to communicate
• Ensuring sufficient logistics to fulfil employee needs for important messages through one click and it gets delivered
efficient working like IT assets to all employees across the organisation
• We have also initiated a campaign called let’s do it together
Talent Management practices identified after interviewing
where employees can share stories about how they are
Respondent B4 are providing additional benefits from
spending time in lockdown, how are they helping in daily
Compensation & Benefits perspective, engaging with employees
chores etc.
virtually, ensuring sufficient logistics for efficient working.
Talent Management practices identified after speaking to
Respondent B5 Respondent B7 are creative ways of constant communication
Respondent B5 is the Senior General Manager HR with a leading with employees, providing them a sense of security, creative
global IT solutions provider having employee strength of more employee engagement strategies such as participation in
than 1000. Her responses are as follows: campaigns, fun activities.

• We have a concept of bench in the IT industry. Bench refers Respondent B8


to those employees who are not working on any project for Respondent B8 is the Group Head HR for a leading IT company
the time being but remain on the rolls and receives regular with an employee strength more than 1000. The responses are as
salaries. We will continue paying salaries to bench follows:
employees as this is a temporary phase and we will need
them for new projects once the lockdown ends. • One of the focus areas in the current scenario is employee
• We have been utilizing this time and investing in employees engagement. We have set protocols for team leaders on how
by doing a lot of upskilling and cross skilling. they should connect with their teams eg virtual tea parties,
• For acquiring talent with niche skills we have strengthened team building games etc.
our internal talent acquisition team because hiring • Mental health and well-being of employees’ is of utmost
consultants adds on to the cost. We have also introduced an importance. Keeping this in mind we are working around
employee referral programme ; anyone who gives a various strategies
reference is paid bonus or incentive so instead of giving • Providing online sessions on upskilling; work groups for
money to a consultant you are paying to your own knowledge sharing have also been formed
employees.
Talent Management practices identified after interviewing
Talent Management practices identified are creative Respondent B8 are employee engagement, mental health and
remuneration policies, up skilling and cross skilling, creative well-being of employees, training and up skilling sessions.
talent acquisition strategies.

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INVESTIGATION IN THE INDIAN IT INDUSTRY

Respondent B9 Respondent 10
Respondent B9 is the Vice President HR with a leading IT Respondent 10 is the Head of HR for a tech giant with employee
company having an employee strength more than 15000. Her strength more than 2000. The talent management practices
responses are as follows: undertaken by the individual’s organization are as follows:
• We have gone completely virtual. We have been trying to • We have encouraged our employees to work from
communicate, engage and connect with our employees at an home. For existing employees promotions will continue
optimal levels as too much nudging is annoying when you but no salary increments will be introduced for now.
have deliverables at hand. We are slowly gradually giving Also, we will continue hiring for new joiners; no offers
them nuggets to pick on things that are entertainment will be deferred.
related, fitness related, things that are enabling them to • The organization also plans to launch a dedicated
learn. business unit focused on Microsoft’s business
• Also, we are keeping track of the whereabouts of our application. The organization is utilizing this time to
employees at most of the times and if there is any help or strengthen it’s internal efficiencies and reduce
support they require. Other simple things have been doing dependencies on outsourcing. In this way, we can
the rounds such as managers give them as much schedule prepare ourselves for the future and use it to our
eg: during these times when they have calls, company advantage.
allows for adequate time so that employees who are on
their own or who have to cook food etc. can take out that Talent Management practices identified are creative
much time for themselves compensation policies, strengthening internal efficiencies and
acquiring talent.
• Virtual games for employee engagement are rolled out on a
weekly basis especially on Fridays.
FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS
Therefore, employee engagement, development and motivation
along with constant communication are practices identified from
the above conversation.

Figure 1: Framework showing sustainable talent management practices that have been undertaken by organisations operating
across Indian IT sectors that have enabled them to sustain through a pandemic driven VUCA Environment

The above framework has been derived on the basis of responses their individual challenges. This implies that while these
given by individual participants that have been discussed at practices can be implemented by specific organizations, it
length in the earlier section on “Discussions” might not have an industry wide impact to counter current
situations.
The framework is divided into two categories: The framework suggested above can act as a base model for
1) High Priority Talent Management Practices – This other industries that have been struggling to sustain through this
category denotes those talent management practices that period of global crisis.
came up as common practices in the responses given by
interviewed professionals. This implies that these practices CONCLUSION AND DIRECTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH
were implemented by multiple organizations to sustain Indian business economy is operating in a pandemic driven
through a pandemic environment. VUCA landscape. There are several VUCA challenges that have
2) Low Priority Talent Management Practices - This emerged in this era impacting many organisations and
category denotes those talent management practices that industries. While the outbreak of COVID pandemic in the year
were only implemented by certain organizations to counter 2020 has led to the rest of the industries crippling, business for

Journal of critical reviews 941


REVISITING TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN A PANDEMIC DRIVEN VUCA ENVIRONMENT – A QUALITATIVE
INVESTIGATION IN THE INDIAN IT INDUSTRY

tech industry has been steady. Organisations across the 9. Sabherwal,S.(2013,October 31).India Has Always Existed In
technology sector in India have implemented creative talent A VUCA World: R Gopalakrishnan. Retrieved from
management practices that has helped them sustain and provide https://www. exchange4media.com/marketing/india-has-
a competitive edge in this rapidly changing pandemic always-existed-in-a-vuca-worldr-
environment. The work has takeaways for academicians, gopalakrishnan_53297.html
researchers and most importantly corporate professionals and 10. Vakil, A. (2020, April). Coronavirus Impact: India’s IT sector
strategic business leaders. The Talent Management framework in focus as forecast for deal activity cut. Bloomberg.
suggested in this study can serve as a base model for Retrieved from
organisations in other industries that have been facing similar https://www.bloombergquint.com/business/coronavirus-
VUCA conditions and have been struggling to sustain through impact-indias-it-sector-in-focus-as-forecast-for-deal-
this period of global crisis. The industrial and academic activity-cut#
researchers can further deep dive in to the study by applying
quantitative techniques. They can investigate the impact of talent
management practices on various VUCA factors and understand
the relationship between the two which will in turn, facilitate HR
managers to recommend best practices for their organisations.

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY


The limitations of the study have been related to time and biases
of opinions gathered from primary and secondary sources. Other
limitations include collecting primary data from participants by
interviewing them over telephone as it was not possible to
conduct personal interviews due to the nationwide lock down .
The process of data collection was time consuming as it was
collected based on appointment dates fixed with individual
respondents. The study is limited to a single industry operating
in Indian economy (Information Technology) due to time and
resource constraints.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors would like to thank Manav Rachna International
Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad, Haryana for its
continuous support.

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