Stepper motor

Stepper motor is a special type of motor which works on DC power supply. It can give rotation as output by taking
electrical energy as input.

Stepper motor rotates in step wise manner. In one step it can move 30o to 1.8o ( 30o , 15o, 12o, 10o, 2.5o,2o,1.8o are the
most famous option available in market )

From stepper motor we can achieve upto 15000 rpm speed. Most famous available stepper motor speed is 10000 rpm.

The angular increments in stepper motors called as step. Stepper motor used for low power applications.

Types of stepper motors:

A] Permanent magnet stepper motor

B] Variable reluctance type stepper motor

A] Permanent magnet stepper motor

Permanent magnet stepper motor consists of a rotating permanent magnet at the center called as rotor and a numbers
of coils around it (generally 4) called as stator.

There are electrical arrangements for individual stator coil.

The permanent magnet made of ferrite material or soft iron core. This permanent magnet is called as rotor because it is
the element of the motor which will rotate with a particular rpm.

The stator is made up of conducting coil like iron or copper.

When the current will flow in different coils magnetic property will activated in that coil. Due to this magnetism it will try
to attract the rotor. Thus the rotor will rotate.
Again the current will now flows in the next stator coil and rotor again rotate due to the attraction force created by that
coil. In this manner the rotor will rotate continuously.

It is generally used for larger angular step values up to 30O [22.5o step angle is most famous]

B] Variable reluctance type stepper motor

Variable reluctance type stepper motor works on the principle of difference in reluctance of stator and rotor.

Here the rotor will be of teeth type rotor [generally plus type design called as quadrature rotor]. The rotor made up of
magnetic material like soft steel.

The stator coil is connected pair wise. Two coils in front of each other are connected pair wise.

When the current flows through the both the coils a magnetic reluctance or magnetic field is created along the line of
them.

The pairs are shown here are: A-A’, B-B’, C-C’

When current flows between AA’ the magnetic field lines created and this will try to attract the rotor toward itself. Thus
the rotor will rotate for some degree.

If this continues to the next pair of coils and so on then we will have proper rotation.

The reluctance has different values in rotor and stator and this will create the torque or rotation.

It is generally used for below 15o angular step.

Advantage of stepper motor Cost effective Design and maintenance is difficult

It can rotate in both directions Small in size Application:

It is having good life Disadvantage of stepper motor Robotic application

It can easily be controlled Can operate in DC only Automation industry

Angular displacement can be control Can be used for smaller application Typewriter, printer and computer