Preface

This series of electronic theodolite can realize automatic

measurement calculation, storage, display and other functions by
applying the microcomputer technology. It can display the
measured values of horizontal angle and vertical angle
simultaneously. By combining with range finder and data recorder,
it can also constitute combined electronic tacheometer which can
display and record angle and distance value, and it can
automatically correct the instrument error and complete
multiple-model measurement such as angle and distance.
This series of electronic theodolite can be used for control
measurement, and also for engineering measurement for mine,
railways, water conservancy, topographic survey, and many other
engineering measurements.
When maintaining the electronic theodolite, it is necessary to know
the working principle, performance, basic structure, maintenance of
the product first. At the same time, it is required to have certain
experience in measurement instrument maintenance, basic
knowledge of circuit, and experience in using the common
electronic test equipment (e.g. oscilloscope, voltmeter, regulated
voltage supply, etc.), and learn to examine, regulate, maintain the
instrument. Generally, the following three aspects shall be known:
1. Carefully read the Instructions for product, and
preliminarily examine the instrument. Learn about the performance,
basic structure and routine correction method of the instrument and
some problems can be solved in case of no instrument removal.
2. Carefully examine the instrument, including complete
instrument examination and electric signal examination after
removal, to confirm the fault reason.
3.Adjust and repair the instrument according to the
examination results. Various indexes and functions shall be checked
normal or not after adjusting and repairing.
 Contents
1.1 Operation principle........................ 错误！未定义书签。
I. Angle measurement part.......... 错误！未定义书签。
II. Functional software ................ 错误！未定义书签。
1.2 About instrument performance .... 错误！未定义书签。
I. Basic function introduction ..... 错误！未定义书签。
II. Name of instrument components (see Figure 1-1
and 1-2) ........................................................................... 1
III. Introduction about electrical circuit signal of
angle measurement ........................................................ 3
IV. Inspection of complete equipment ........................ 11
1.3 Basic operation ................................................................. 3
I. Operation panel and operation keys (see Figure 1-3)
......................................................................................... 3
II. Display and display label.......................................... 5
SDHDVD................................................................................. 5
III. Function setup ......................................................... 6
Ⅳ. Charging and Storage of Rechargeable Batteries . 9
2.1 Over-tightness of the vertical axis during rotation ..... 14
I. Shedding of horizontal grating circle...................... 14
II. Blocking of the vertical axis ................................... 14
2.2 Over-tightness of the horizontal axis during rotation. 15
2.3 Maintenance of horizontal tangent screw ................. 15
2.4 Maintenance of vertical tangent screw......................... 19
2.5 Common faults of WILD tribrach............................. 22
I. Sliding of the level press board................................ 22
II. Shaking of the foot screw ............................................... 23
 III. Tightness of the foot screw ....................................25
2.6 Common faults of the slide pedestal ..........................27
I. Malfunction of the locking mechanism of the
pedestal..........................................................................27
II. Sliding of the level press board ..............................28
III. Tightness of the foot screw ....................................30
3.1 Cause and maintenance of fault of not being able to
start-up ..................................................................................32
I. Insufficient battery power........................................32
II. Loose connection of power wire .............................33
III. Fault of electronic compensator ...........................36
IV. Fault of LCD ...........................................................37
V. Fault of the Mainboard.........................................38
3.2 Non Display of the Zero Position of the Vertical
Angular..................................................................................40
I. The method of using adjustable electric resistance to
adjust the zero-crossing voltage: .................................41
II. Method to adjust the zero-crossing voltage with
software .........................................................................43
III. Method to adjust the zero-crossing voltage with
software without any oscillograph ..............................47
3.3 Fault Maintenance of the Angle Measurement............51
I. Fault of Horizontal Angle Measurement ................51
Ⅱ. Fault of vertical angle measurement.....................58
3.4 Fault maintenance of electronic compensator .............66
Ⅰ. Change of electronic compensator ........................66
Ⅱ. Zero correction of electronic compensator...........67
 III. Precision Calibration for Electronic Compensator
....................................................................................... 73
IV. Test on the Compensation Precision of
Compensator ................................................................ 76
3.5 Setting of Index Error, Collimation Error, and Zero
Error for Compensator........................................................ 76
SET F1 .................................................................... 78
SET F2 .................................................................... 78
SET ............................................................................... 78
4.1 Check whether the plate level axis is perpendicular to
vertical axis as well as make correction ............................. 80
I. Examination .............................................................. 80
II 、Correction............................................................ 81
4.2 check whether the circular level axis is parallel to
vertical axis as well as make correction ............................. 82
I、 Examination .......................................................... 82
II、 Correction............................................................ 82
4.3 Inspection and Correction for Whether Horizontal
Wire of Cross Wire is Perpendicular to Vertical Axis....... 84
I. Examination .............................................................. 84
II. Correction................................................................ 85
III. Cautions ................................................................. 85
4.4 Examination and Correction for Whether Collimation
Axis is Perpendicular to Horizontal Axis of Telescope...... 86
I. Examination .............................................................. 86
II. Correction................................................................ 87
4.5 Examination and Correction for Coincide Between
 Collimation Axis of Optical Plummet and Central Line of
Vertical Axis ..........................................................................88
I. Examination ..............................................................88
II. Correction ................................................................89
Appendix I: Error Information...................................................91
 Chapter I About this instrument
1.1. Name of instrument components (see Figure 1-1 and 1-2)

(1)

(13)
(10)

(8) (14)
(4)

(11) (16)

(2)

(3)

(7)

(6) (5)

(9)
(15)
(12)

(Figure 1-1)

1
 1. carrying handle
2. handle screw
3. sighting collimator
4. vertical tangent screw and motion clamp
5. operating key
6. RS-232C communication interface
7. objective lens
8. plate level
9. display window
10. eyepiece
11. base plate
12. foot screw
13. focusing knob
14. battery
15. horizontal tangent screw and motion clamp
16. base locking lever

2
1.2 Basic operation

I. Operation panel and operation keys (see Figure 1-3)

(Figure 1-2)

The functions of each key on the panel (Figure 1-2) are as

follows:

Key Function 1 Function 2

Zero setting for horizontal Distance
OSET
angle measurement
Re-measurement
HOLD Lockup of horizontal angle of horizontal
angle
The second
Illumination of the display function
selection

3
 Levo-incremental reading
R/L /dextro-incremental reading Setting mode
of horizontal angle
Output of
V/% Vertical angle/percent slope measurement
data
Power

4
II. Display and display label
Start, then the display will display all the symbols firstly (see
Figure 1-3) and then display the symbol which requires the vertical
angle to be set to zero.

SDHDVD 06–03–20 14：38

%
VA 9 0 ° 0 0 ′ 0 0 ″m
L
HA R 0 ° 0 0 ′ 0 0 ″gon
CRN REP HOLD SFT
(Figure 1-3)

The meanings of the display symbols are as follows:

Display Meaning Display Meaning
Measurement of Lockup of
SD HOLD
slope distance horizontal angle
Oversize
Measurement of
HD TILT inclination
horizontal distance
compensation t
Measurement of Battery electric
VD
height difference power display
Percent vertical
VA Vertical angle %
slope

5
 Levo-incremental
Unit for distance
HAL reading of m
measurement：m
horizontal angle
Dextro-incremental
HAR reading of gon Angle unit
horizontal angle
The second
SFT 06-03-20 Date
function selection
Repetition of
REP measurements for 14：38 Time
horizontal angle
Function of
CRN inclination Auto off function
compensation

III. Function setup

(I) Functions
This series of instrument provides many optional functions and
its options are as follows:
1. Inclination compensator of vertical angle: ON, OFF
2. Option for vertical, horizontal and 0 angle: 90º (ON), 0º(OFF).
3. Auto power off: Option of auto power off after the instrument
has been operated for 20min (ON). No auto power off option(OFF).
4. The minimum angle display: 1″, 5″, 10″.
5. Baud rate setup: 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600.
6. Record media option: Serial Port (OFF), Instrument memory

6
(ON).
7. Option for collimation error correction: ON, OFF
8. Option for “Angle” and “Gon”: Angle< OFF>, Gon< ON>.
(II) Functional allocation of the keys under the setup modes are
as follows:
[OSET]：Circularly select the setup item
[HOLD]：Circularly select Clock setup item (M/D/Y, H/M/S).
[L / R ]： Switch option value of setup item by circulating upward
or plus 1 to the option of clock setup item.
[V / % ]：Switch option value of setup item by circulating upward
or minus 1 from the option value of clock setup item.
[SFT]：Confirm the setup, exit setup mode and return to angle
measurement mode.
(III) Operation method for function setup
1. Press [SFT] key first and then press [L / R ] key, the
instrument will enter into setup mode (see Figure 1-4).
2. Press [0SET] key to select the setup options 1-7. If you want
to select the minimum angle reading of the forth option, press
[0SET] key for three times, shown as Figure 1-5.

07–06–07 9:16 07–06–07 9:16

1. OFF 4. 1″

(Figure 1-4) (Figure 1-5)

7
 3. Press [L/R] key or [V / % ] key to change the setup of
selected option. If you want to select 5″as the minimum angle
reading, press [L/R] key once, shown as Figure 1-6.
07–06–07 9:16 07–06–07 9:16

VA 90°14′32″
4. 5″ HAR 168°25′01″

(Figure 1-6) (Figure 1-7)

4. Press [SFT] key to save the setting and return to the angle
measurement mode (see Figure 1-7).

(Ⅳ) Clock setting

1. Press [SFT] key, and press [L/R] key again, the instrument
will turn into set mode (see Figure 1-8).
2. Press [HOLD] key to select the option for clock setting (year,
month and day, hour, minute and second), and the selected clock
option will blink (see Figure 1-9).
07–06–07 9:16 07–06–07 9:16

1. OFF . . . . . .

(Figure 1-8) (Figure 1-9)

3. Press [L/R] key or [V/%] key to increase or reduce clock

8
option. If you want to change the 07–06–07 in the Figure into
07–08–07, press [HOLD] key for once to change option into the
“Month” from “Year”, and the “Month” (06) will blink. Press [L/R]
key for twice to change “06”into “08”, shown as Figure 1-10.

07–08–07 9:16 07–08–07 9:16

VA 90°14′32″
. . . . . . HAR 168°25′01″

(Figure 1-10) (Figure 1-11)

4. Press [SFT] key to save all time settings and return to the
angle measurement mode (see Figure 1-11).

Ⅳ. Charging and Storage of Rechargeable Batteries

Note: make sure to switch off the power of the instrument
before taking down the battery.

This instrument utilizes an exclusive charger and battery pack

with a voltage of 7.2V. The battery case shall be connected with the
exclusive charger before the charger is connected with power. The
batteries begin to be charged when the charge lamp is red and the
charging is completed when the indicating lamp is green. The
battery case shall be taken off after the power is cut off.
This is a quick charger that can complete charging 80% of the
9
batteries’ capacity with only 4 hours. If it is needed to be fully
charged, another 2 to 4 hours’ trickle charging is required. Should
be noticed that the complete charging time take no more than 24
hours.
The batteries shall be fully charged before being stored and be
charged again every other three months. If the batteries are
discharged before storage or not charged in excess of the allotted
time limit of three months, the battery capacity may decline when it
is charged again.
The Display Label shows the status of battery pack power.

： Battery with sufficient power

： Battery with limited power, which may be measured

： Battery with limited power, which may be measured

： battery insufficient power, which is needed to be

replaced

10
1.3 Inspection of complete equipment
1. To check the functions of the functional keys are normal or
not.
2. To check the measured angle is hopped
(1) Level the instrument and start it to carry out zero crossing,
and observe one far point A, and then record the vertical and
horizontal angle values. Rotate the vertical axis and horizontal axis
several times and observe point A repeatedly and also read the
vertical and horizontal angle values, and the variation shall not
exceed 5″.
(2) Carry out fine adjustment for the vertical and horizontal
handwheels， and observe whether the horizontal and vertical
indicated angle values are in ordered change. In case of abnormal
condition, it shows that the horizontal or vertical angle has hop
problem.
3. To check whether the left and right rotation increments are
correct
4. To check the zero crossing conditions in different directions
Level the instrument and start it, and rotate the telescope at a place
near to 90° of the direct position of telescope (left of plate), and
angle value shall be displayed vertically. (In case that “SET 0” is
always displayed, it shows that the problem of no zero crossing
exists for this instrument.)
(1) Stop the instrument and the telescope heads downwards,
and start the instrument and carry out zero crossing upwards, and
the vertical angle value shall be recorded by aiming at one target.
(2) Stop the equipment and the telescope heads upwards, and

11
start the equipment and carry out zero crossing downwards, and the
vertical angle value shall be recorded by aiming at the same target
as above.
(3) The difference between two values shall be less than 10″.
If the difference is excessively big, it shows that the problem of
excessively high zero-passage level exists.
5. To check the index error:
(1) Exactly level the instrument and start it to carry out zero
crossing.
(2) Rotate the telescope to make it in the level position of
direct position of telescope. Aim at target A and record the reading
value A1 of vertical angle.
(3) Rotate the alidade at 180º to make the telescope (reversed
telescope) aim at target A again, and then record the reading value
A2 of vertical angle. Half of │A1+A2–360│ will be the index error
and this value shall not exceed 10″. If it exceeds 10″, it shows that
the instrument has the problem of oversize index error.
6. To check the compensation precision of vertical angle
(1) The instrument is arranged on the calibration stand
(Wherein, one foot screw shall be aligned to the collimator), and
then exactly level the instrument and start it to carry out zero
crossing, and guarantee that the compensator is in the state of “on”.
If the vertical angle value in the vertical angle value column of the
second line is not displayed, but “TILT” is shown, it shows that the
zero position of electronic compensator is oversize, and repair is
needed for it firstly.
(2) The telescope aims at the origin 0 of reticule of collimator

12
(Some collimators are provided with near point reticules used to
inspect the minimum distance of visibility and optical axis of the
telescope. The origin 0 here refers to the origin 0 on the reticule at
the objective lens focus of the collimator equal to the target in
infinitive distance, similarly herein after), and record the vertical
angle value A.
(3) Rotate the foot screw to make the instrument be inclined
by 3′ backwards. (If the reticule scale unit of the collimator is 18″,
it is necessary to make the telescope aim at the vertical thread +10
of reticule of collimator namely, moving by 10 lattices.) Rotate the
focusing sleeve to make the telescope aim at the origin 0 of reticule
of collimator, and then record the vertical angle value A1.
(4) Rotate the foot screw to make the telescope aim at the
vertical thread -20 of reticule of the collimator (namely, the
instrument is inclined by 3′ forwards), and rotate the focusing
sleeve to make the telescope aim at the origin 0 of reticule of
collimator , and then record the vertical angle value A2.
(5) The absolute values of A1–A and A2–A shall be less than 6″
respectively, if it is oversize, it means that the compensation
precision is oversize.

13
 Chapter II Maintenance of Common
Mechanical Faults
2.1 Over-tightness of the vertical axis during rotation
I. Shedding of horizontal grating circle
Strong vibration of the instrument may cause the horizontal
grating circle to shed with glue failure; in this case, the rotation of
the vertical axis may become over-tight. By dismantling the display
on one side of the telescope, you can find that the horizontal grating
circle (the grating circle on the top) will not follow the rotation of
the alidade when the alidade is rotating. Check four directions of
the whole circumference, at an interval of 90° with a 0.02mm
feeler gauge. The feeler gauge shall be able to insert between any
two grating circle . In case the feeler gauge can not be inserted
between a specified pair of grating circles, we can determine that
the horizontal grating circle has fallen off due to glue failure. When
maintaining such kind of failure, it is necessary to calibrate the
circle or return the grid circle to the factory for reparation.
II. Blocking of the vertical axis
If the alidade can not rotate or is hard to rotate, it is mainly
because that the vertical axis is blocked. At this time, the alidade
shall not be rotated forceably; otherwise, the vertical axis will be
scrapped due to the seizure of it. As the vertical axis requires very
high fitting accuracy, it is necessary to return it to the factory for
maintenance, because that repairing it with non-professional tools
can hardly ensure the fitting accuracy.

14
2.2 Over-tightness of the horizontal axis during rotation
For this kind of horizontal axis structure, no over-tightness
during rotation will occur under normal operation. Over-tightness
of this kind of horizontal axis is generally caused by long term
usage, strong vibration, collision, or scraping between the two
vertical grating disks. Check four directions of the whole
circumference, at an interval of 90° with a 0.02mm feeler gauge.
The feeler gauge shall be able to be inserted between any two
grating circles; if the feeler gauge can not be inserted between a
specified pair of grating circles, it can be determined that scrapping
has occurred. For the maintenance methods, refer to section
II—failures in vertical angle measurement in 3.3—Maintenance
of the failures in vertical angle measurement.

2.3 Maintenance of horizontal tangent screw

Figure 2-1 shows the assembly and disassembly of the tangent
screw.
1. Screw out the four set screws 2 of the fixed display 1.
2. Take down the display 1 and pay attention to the
connections of the circuit.
3. Screw out the base of the terminal spring 5 and make sure
that the spring and the base of the terminal spring will not spring
out.
4. Screw out two set screws 4 with an inner hexagon spanner.
5. Take down the horizontal brake and micro handwheel unit
3.
6. Screw out two hexagon socket set screws 7 and take down
15
the micro handwheel 6.
7. Screw out the set screw 8 and screw out the brake
handwheel 9 counterclockwise.
8. Screw out two countersunk set screws 10 and one adjusting
screw 11 and then take down the spacing ring 12.
9. Take down the horizontal stationary bushing 13 from the
horizontal locking lever 14.
10. Screw out two set screws 15 and take down the brake shift
fork 16.
11. Screw out the micro screw rod 17.
12. Brush all the parts carefully with gasoline. Make sure that
the adjustable pad of white nylon on the horizontal locking lever
does not get lost during the brushing.
13. Refer to Figure 2-1 and assemble the horizontal brake and
micro handwheel unit in a sequence that is reverse to dismantling
sequence in 6-11. Apply a proper amount of handwheel oil at the
positions between the micro screw rod 17 and the horizontal
locking lever 14 and between the horizontal locking lever 14 and
the horizontal stationary bushing 13. The screws are required to be
tight and the rotation of the handwheels shall be smooth. No
over-tightness and lost motion is allowed at any position. If
over-tightness or lost motion occurs, it is necessary to eliminate it
by adjusting the adjusting screw 11. After the above said adjustment,
the adjusted position shall be applied with varnish for sealing.

16
3

2
1
5

7 8 4 10
12
13
14
15
16
6 17
9
11

(Figure 2-1)

17
 1. Display 2. Set screw 3. Brake and 4. Holding
micro screw
hanwheel unit
5. Base of the 6. Micro 7. Allen screw 8. Set screw
terminal handwheel
spring
9. Brake 10. 11. Adjusting 12. Spacing
handwheel Countersunk screw ring
set screw
13. Horizontal 14. 15. Set screw 16. Brake
stationary Horizontal shift fork
bushing locking lever
17. Micro screw rod

14. Refer to Figure 2-1 and arrange the horizontal tangent

screw on the support in the sequence reverse to the disassembling
sequence specified in 1-5. During the assembling process, the
holding screw 4 shown in Figure 2-1 shall be inserted into the
V-shape slot of the horizontal stationary bushing with moderate
pushing force. The assembly shall meet the standard that the
horizontal brake and micro system can rotate freely without the risk
of being pulled out.
15. Rotate the handwheel 9 shown in Figure 2-1 to make the brake
handwheel operate reliably with a braking region of 45°–90°; then
tight the holding screw 4.

18
2.4 Maintenance of vertical tangent screw
Figure 2-2 shows the disassembly and assembly of the vertical
giggle system of this series of electronic theodolite.
1. Take down the battery case 1 from the right baffle plate 2.
2. Back out the six set screws 3 of the fixed right baffle plate 2.
3. Take down the right baffle plate 2 and pay attention to the
positions of the inner connections.
4. Back out the base of the terminal spring 4 and make sure that
the spring and relevant accessories do not spring out.
5. Back out a holding screw 5 and take out the vertical micro
handwheel 6 with an inner hexagon spanner.
6. Back out two Allen screws 7 and take down the micro
handwheel 8.
7. Back out the set screw 9 and back out in an anti-clockwise
direction the brake handwheel 10.
8. Back out 2 sunk screws 11 and one adjusting screw 12 and
then take down the spacing ring 13.
9. Take down the stationary bushing 14 from the vertical brake
rod 15.

19
 4

9 6 5
10
11
12
14
15
16
17
18
8 7 13

(Figure 2-2)

20
 1. Battery 2. Right 3. Set screw 4. Base of he
case baffle plate terminal
spring
5. Holding 6. Vertical 7. Set screw 8. micro
screw micro handwheel
handwheel
9. Set screw 10. Brake 11. Sunk 12. Adjusting
handwheel screw screw
13. Spacing 14. 15. Vertical 16. Set screw
ring Stationary brake rod
bushing
17. Shift fork 18. Micro
screw rod

10. Screw out two set screws 16 and take down the shift fork 17.
11. Screw out the micro screw rod 18.
12. Brush carefully all the parts and elements and make sure that
the adjusting pad of white nylon on the vertical brake rod 15
does not get lost during the brushing.
13. Refer to Figure 2-2 and assemble the vertical brake and micro
handwheel in the sequence reverse to the disassembling sequence
specified in 6-11. Apply a proper amount of handwheel oil between
the micro screw rod 18 and the vertical brake rod 15 and between
the stationary bushing 14 and the vertical brake rod 15. After the
assembling process, check whether the screws are tight and the
rotation is smooth. No over-tightness or lost motion is allowed at
any position. If the over-tightness or lost motion does occur, it is
necessary to eliminate it through adjusting the adjusting screw 12.
After the above adjustment, it is required to apply some varnish to

21
the adjusting screw for sealing.
14. Refer to Figure 2-2 and arrange the vertical tangent screw on
the support in the sequence reverse to that specified in 1-5.
15. During the assembling process, the holding screw 5 shown in
Figure 2-2 shall be inserted into the V-shape slot of the horizontal
stationary bushing with moderate pushing force. The assembly shall
meet the standard that the horizontal brake and micro system can
rotate freely without the risk of being pulled out.
16. Rotate the handwheel 10 shown in Figure 2-2 to make the
brake system operate reliably with a braking region of 45°–90°;
then tight the holding screw 5.
2.5 Common faults of WILD tribrach
I. Sliding of the level press board

7 8

6
5

4
3

(Figure 2-3)
1.lock screw 2. base backing nut 3. elastic washer
4. foot screw 5. level bearing 6. bearing backing nut
7.φ3 steel ball 8. level base plate

22
 Sliding up and down of the level press board may cause that the
plate level can not swing to level, which is resulted from
loosening of the backing nut of the level bearing. The
maintenance procedures are as follows:
1. Screw the lock screw 1 tight clockwise (see Figure 2-3) to
unlock the wrench handle. Rotate the wrench handle anticlockwise
and remove the alidade.
2. Use a plate to remove the base backing nut 2.
3. Remove 2 pieces of elastic washer 3 (some instrument has
only one piece).
4. Turn the pedestal for 180º(see Figure 2-3) and remove the
level pedestal board 8.
5. Remove threeφ3steel balls 7.
6. Grasp the foot screw 4 and use a plate to screw the bearing
backing nut 6.
7. Drip a little vacuum pump oil between the bearing backing
nut 6 and the level bearing 5.
8. Install threeφ3steel balls 7 and level base boards 8 one by
one.
9. Turn the pedestal for 180º and install the elastic washer 3.
10. Install the base backing nut 2 and use a plate to screw it
tight.
11. Rotate the screw 1 anticlockwise and lock the wrench
handle.

II. Shaking of the foot screw

Shaking of the foot screw is caused by loosening of the guide

23
sleeve. The maintenance procedures are as follows:
1. According to the operations 1-5 in I. Sliding of the level
press board above, remove relevant parts(see Figure 2-3)
2. Grasp the level hand wheel 3 and use a plate to remove the
backing nut 7 of the level bearing (see Figure 2-4).
3. Remove three bearing washers 6 and three level bearings 5.
4. Remove the level press board 4.
5. Rotate the foot screw 3 clockwise and slide it down until
it is close the guide sleeve 2 as much as possible, then adjust the
foot screw 3, allowing twoφ3 holes on the foot screw to be aligned
with the groove of the guide sleeve 2.
6. Loose the cone-point set screw 1 and use a plate to screw
the guide sleeve 2.
7. Screw the cone-point set screw 1, fasten the guide sleeve 2
and seal it with varnish.
8. Install the level press board 4, three level bearings 5 and
three bearing backing nuts 6.
9. Repeat operations 6-11 in I. Sliding of the level press
board above.

24
 7

（Figure 2–4）
1. cone-point set screw 2. guide sleeve 3. foot screw 4. level press
board 5. level bearing 6. bearing washer 7. bearing backing nut

III. Tightness of the foot screw

After long term usage of the instrument, the handwheel may
become tight or the frame may become flexible due to volatilization
of grease on the handwheel. The mainteance procedures are as
follows:
1. Remove relevant parts according to operations 1-5 in I.
Sliding of the level press board and operations 2-5 in II. Shaking
of the level handwheel above.
2. Loose cone-point set screw 1 (see Figure 2-4) and use a
plate to rotate the guide sleeve. Remove the level handwheel set
from the pedestal.
3. Remove the split washer 3 (see Figure 2-5).
25
 4. Rotate the level handwheel 1 and remove it from the guide
sleeve 2.
5. Wash the thread section of the level handwheel 1 with
gasoline (see Figure 2-5) (if the thread section of the elastic screw
in the guide sleeve is dirty, the whole component can be washed,
but it must be dried completely after washed), and smear
handwheel grease at the thread sections of the guide sleeve and the
level handwheel.

1 2 3

(Figure 2-5)
1. level handwheel 2. guide sleeve 3.split washer

6. Screw the level handwheel 1 into the guide sleeve 2 and

install the split washer 3.
7. Screw the level handwheel set into the pedestal.
8. Repeat operations 5-9 in II. Shaking of the level
handwheel above.

26
2.6 Common faults of the slide pedestal
I. Malfunction of the locking mechanism of the pedestal
Fasten the pedestal lock handwheel 1 (see Figure 2-6) and
parallel move the alidade 4 to make sure that the alidade 4 can still
slide relative to the slide pedestal 3. The fault is caused by
malfunction of the locking mechanism of the pedestal, which
causes the alidade can not be locked.
The maintenance procedures are as follows:
1. Loose the two M2 cone-point top threads 2 on the pedestal
lock handwheel 1 (see Figure 2-6).
2. Screw the pedestal lock handwheel 1 clockwise and fasten
the alidade 4. Push the alidade 4 for checking to make sure no
displacement relative to the slide pedestal 3 will occur.
3. Tighten up the two M2 cone-point top threads 2.
4. Loose the pedestal lock handwheel 1 and push the alidade 4;
the alidade should be parallel moved freely.

(Figure 2-6)

27
1. lock handwheel 2. M2 cone-point top thread
3. slide pedestal 4. alidade

II. Sliding of the level press board

Sliding up and down of the level press board, which may
cause the plate level can not swing to a fixed level, is resulted from
loosening of the backing nut of the level bearing. First we can
separate the slide pedestal and the alidade, then clear the pedestal
fault.
(I) Separate the slide pedestal from the alidade (see Figure 2-7).
1. Turn the instrument to let the slide pedestal 1 upward.
2. Loose the lock handwheel 3.
3. Insert the screwdriver through the big hole at the center, remove
the three M3 sunk screws 2 connecting the slide pedestal 1 and the
middle-lower housing of the alidade 4, and take down the slide
pedestal 1. In order to remove the screws, we can move the slide
pedestal1 to make the center big hole at a position where it is easy
to remove the screws.

3 4

28
 (Figure 2-7)
1. pedestal 2. M3 sunk screw 3. lock handwheel 4. alidade
(II) Fault elimination of sliding up and down of the level press
board
1. Use a plate to remove the base backing nut 1.
7
5 6
4

2
3
1

（Figure 2-8）
1. base backing nut 2. elastic washer
3. level handwheel 4. level bearing
5. bearing backing nut 6. φ3 steel ball
7. level base board

2. Take down the elastic washer 2.

3. Turn the pedestal for 180º and take down the level base
board 7.
4. Take down the threeφ3 steel balls 6.
5. Grasp the level handwheel 3 and use a plate to screw the
bearing backing nut 5.
6. Drip a little vacuum pump oil between the backing nut 5 of

29
the level bearing and the level bearing 4.
7. Install threeφ3 steel balls 6 and the level base board 7 in
turn.
8. Turn the pedestal at 180º and install the elastic washer 2.
9. Install the base backing nut 1 and use a plate to screw it
tight.
10. Turn the instrument and install the slide pedestal and three
M3 sunk screws (see Figure 2-8). Firmly connect the slide pedestal
and the middle-lower housing of the alidade 4.
III. Tightness of the foot screw
After long term usage of the instrument, the foot screw may
become tight or the frame may become flexible. The maintenance
procedures are as follows:
1. Rotate the foot screw 4 of the slide pedestal 5 to let the
φ2.5 hole 1 on the foot screw 4 be aligned with theφ2.5 hole 2 on
the pressing sleeve 3 (see Figure 2-9).

5 4 3 2 1

(Figure 2-9)
30
 1. φ2.5 hole 1 on foot screw 2. φ1.5 hole 3. pressing sleeve
4. footscrew 5. slide pedestal
2. Use a special plate to rotate the pressing sleeve. If the foot
screw is tight, rotate the pressing sleeve anticlockwise; if the
frame of the foot screw is flexible, rotate the pressing sleeve
clockwise.
3. After it is properly adjusted, turn the three foot screws one
by one and make sure that the three foot screws can be easily and
gently rotated and the frame can not be moved.

31
 Chapter III Fault Maintenance of Angle
Measurement
3.1 Introduction about electrical circuit signal of angle
measurement
The angle measurement part of electronic theodolite consists of
horizontal angle measurement which is of diameter reading (two
sensors) and vertical angle measurement which is of single-sized
reading (one sensor), and each sensor outputs two ways of sine
waves which are taken as the basic signal for angle measurement
through further adjustment and treatment on main board and such
basic signal is the original signal of electronic angle measurement
(six ways of sine waves) which directly influences the results of
angle measurement, so the requirements for the wave form is
relatively high and precise adjustment is needed. One way of
zero-crossing pulse will be added to vertical angle measurement
part and the zero-crossing voltage signal should be adjusted for the
angle measurement circuit accordingly.
3.2 Cause and maintenance of fault of not being able to
start-up
I. Insufficient battery power
Multimeter is switched to DC voltage position to check the
voltage of the battery case, whose voltage shall be greater than 6.5V.
If less than 6.5V, it shows that battery power is not adequate. In this
case, the battery case shall be connected with the dedicated charger
and then connected with the power supply of the charger. When the
indicator indicates red, charging starts. The indicator will indicate

32
green when battery is fully charged. Power supply shall be cut off
before disconnecting the battery case. Then the battery case is
installed to check whether instrument can start up.
This charger is a quick charger that is able to complete
charging in 4 hours quickly with power reaching 80%. If battery
needs to be fully charged, it needs 2 to 4 hours’ trickle charging.
Attention shall be paid to that charging time shall not exceed 24
hours.

II. Loose connection of power wire

If the battery case is determined as fully charged by above
method, and instrument still can not start up, power wire shall be
checked for linking condition.
Remove six M2.5 screws on the left fixed cover board to open
the left cover board. Then disconnect plug 2 of buzzer on angle
measuring mainboard 1 (see Figure 3-1) to take off the left cover
board. When the instrument is turned on, voltage meter is used to
measure voltage of pins on the four-core socket of power wire of
the angle measuring mainboard 1 (see Figure 3-1). The two pins in
the middle of the four-core socket are positive and another two pins
are negative. The voltage shall be greater than 6.5V. If voltage is
zero or intermittent, it may be caused by loose connection of power
wire or electrode of the right cover board.

33
 1

2
- + -

(Figure 3-1)
1. Angle measuring mainboard 2. Plug of buzzer

(1) Loose connection of power wire (see Figure 3-2)

Loose connection of power wire may be caused by turnoff of
power wire or that wire 3 and contact 2 are not connected well
because of cold joint. First, you shall determine whether lead is
open due to extrusion of power wire. If power wire has no fault, but
power wire and contact 2 are not well connected, they shall be
rewelded firmly. During welding, battery case can be installed on
right cover board 6, so that contact will be pushed out and higher
than cover 1. In this way, cover will not be burned during welding.
Welding point shall be smaller than the hole of the cover. After
welding, you shall check whether welding is reliable, contact
rebounds freely and without block or connection with contact of
battery is reliable.
When welding power wire, attention shall be paid to that

34
welding position of negative and positive poles shall be correct.
The black wire shall be welded to contact 2 and the red one shall be
welded to contact 5, otherwise, the serious result that angle
measuring mainboard may be burned when instrument is turned on
may be caused.

3 4

2
5
6
1

(Figure 3-2)
1. cover 2. contact (negative) 3.power wire (black) 4. power wire (red) 5.
contact (positive) 6. right cover board
(2) Loose connection of electrode
After using for a long time, the instrument may not be able to
rebound due to dust and oil deposited at the electrode, thus
resulting in that good connection with contact of battery case can
not be ensured.
Figure 3-3 shows electrode structure diagram of this series of
electronic theodolite. When maintaining, power wire can be
removed by welding to remove four cross recessed self-tapping
screws 1. Then cover 2 and contact spring 3 and contact 4 can be
35
removed. These parts shall be cleaned by using gasoline and then
reassembled. Lubricant shall not be applied when assembling.

1 2 3 4

(Figure 3-3)
1. cross recessed self-tapping screw 2. cover 3. contact spring 4.
contact 5. right baffle plate
III. Fault of electronic compensator
When there is no problem with battery power and connection
of power wire, and the instrument still can not start up, power
supply shall be cut off. Remove four M2.5 screws on fixed angle
measuring mainboard to separate angle measuring mainboard from
bracket of instrument. Remove plug of electronic compensator from
angle measuring mainboard 7 (see Figure 3-4) and then check
whether the instrument is able to start up or not. If it is able to start
up, it shows that electronic compensator has fault. It is necessary to
replace electronic compensator and calibrate new electronic
compensator (for replacement and calibration methods, see3.4
36
Fault maintenance of electronic compensator).

4 5

2
3

1 6

(Figure 3-4)
1. socket of power wire 2. socket of display 3. socket of electronic
compensator 4. socket of vertical simulator 5. socket of level
simulator 6. US232 socket 7. angle measuring mainboard
IV. Fault of LCD

When electronic compensator has no problem and instrument

still can not start up, then cut the power supply, and remove the
plug of display on the side of normal telescope on the angle
measuring mainboard. Figure 3-4 shows the position of the plug.
Check whether instrument can start up. If not, power supply shall
be cut off, and plug of display on the side of reverse telescope on
the angle measuring mainboard shall be removed. Plug of display
on the side of normal telescope shall be inserted on the angle
measuring mainboard. Figure 3-4 shows the position of inserting.
After installation, check whether instrument can start up. If it still

37
not, it can be determined that the angle measuring mainboard has a
fault. It is necessary to replace the angle measuring mainboard.
During the above examination, if instrument can start up when
display on one side is plugged, but can not start up when display on
another side is plugged, it can be determined that there is a fault
with display on this side or the data wire of the display. At this time,
four M2 screws on the fixed display can be removed after power
supply is cut off. Data wire of display on the side in which
instrument can start up is removed and reassembled on another side.
Check whether instrument can start up. If not, it can be determined
that display on this side has a fault. If instrument can start up, it
shows that data wire has a fault. Display or data wire can be
replaced according to the fault.
In addition, after using for a long time, LCD may not display
or display incomplete things, or its key fails. New display or data
wire can be replaced according to the fault.
When replacing, remove four M2 screws on the fixed display and
connector of display and angle measuring mainboard. New display
or data wire is connected with angle measuring mainboard.
Connection shall be reliable and in the correct position. When
instrument can start up, the display shall be installed on the bracket
of the instrument. Four M2 screws shall be secured firmly.

V. Fault of the Mainboard

If determined in the aforesaid four examinations that the
malfunction parts was the angle measuring mainboard, it shall be
replaced by a new one. Before replacing, the power shall be cut off

38
first and then every connector on the angle measuring mainboard
shall be removed one by one (see Figure 3-4).
Debug the angular measurement electrical signal of the two
horizontal simulators and the single vertical simulator (see also 3.4
Maintenance of the Malfunction in Angular Measurement) and
zero-crossing voltage (see also 3.3 Non Display of the Zero
Position of the Vertical Angular).
After the angular measurement electrical signal of the two
horizontal simulators and the single vertical simulator have been
debugged well, the new angle measuring mainboard shall be
replaced and installed. While installation, every connector shall be
plugged in and connected to the corresponding socket of the angle
measuring mainboard. The position of the connectors shall be
correct and the connection of which shall be reliable. After the
connectors are examined to be correctly installed, the angular
measurement board shall be mounted on the support, and then
fasten by four M2.5 screws.

When connecting the power, the connection of positive and

negative pole shall be correct, otherwise the angle measuring
mainboard might be damaged again.

After replacing, the angle measuring mainboard shall be

debugged, calibrated and set as follows:
1. Debug the vertical zero-crossing voltage (see also 3.3 Non
Display of the Zero Position of the Vertical Angular).
2. Re-calibrate the compensator (see also 3.5 Maintenance of
the Electronic Compensator Malfunction).

39
3.3 Non Display of the Zero Position of the Vertical
Angular
Leveling the instruments, and start the instrument. When the
screen displays the information of setting the zero position of the
vertical angular, you shall rotate the telescope in circles to pass zero
at the vicinity of the 90° of the vertical angular circle-left (direct
position of telescope). The angular value of the vertical angular on
the screen shall be displayed. If the screen continuously displays:
“SET 0” (see Figure 3-5), it means that the instruments have the
problem of not crossing zero. If such circumstance happens, the
zero-crossing electrical signal and zero-crossing voltage of the
angle measuring mainboard shall be measured and be debugged
again.
Adjustable electric resistance WR9 (see Figure 3-6) was
installed on the angle measuring mainboard of the instruments
produced in the early stage, so the adjustment of the zero-passing
voltage shall be carried out on the angle measuring mainboard. The
adjusting of the zero-passing voltage of the instruments currently
produced has already been adjusted by software. You shall
following the methods introduced below, to adopt corresponding
methods to adjust the zero-crossing voltage of different
instruments.

40
 06–03–20 14：38

VA SET 0
HA
R
180°10′30″

(Figure 3-5)
I. The method of using adjustable electric resistance to adjust
the zero-crossing voltage: P11

WR9
P1
P2

P6

P5

1
P8
P3
P4

Lattice

(Figure 3-6)
1. Angle measuring mainboard
1. Shut down the instrument, remove the six M2.5 screw on
the left cover board of the fixed instrument, then open the left cover
board, pluck off the buzzer plug on the angle measuring mainboard
and remove the left cover board.
2. Switch on the instrument, use the oscillograph (select mode
A, a sensitivity of 500mV and a scanning speed of 1mS for the

41
oscillograph) to detect the waveform of the P8 point of the angular
measurement board (see Figure 3-6), and at the same time rotate the
telescope at the vicinity of the 90° of the vertical angular circle-left,
by doing so, the oscillograph shall display zero-crossing pulse
showing in Figure 3-7. The minimum voltages (Vs) of the
zero-crossing pulse shall pass 0.8V, and the amplitude of the
zero-crossing pulse shall be Vn – Vs ≥ 0.5V.
3. Use the oscilloprobe to detect the waveform of the P11
point (see Figure 3-6) of the mainboard, and the Figure displayed in
the oscillograph shall be a direct current level Va (see the Va in
Figure 3-8). The corresponding relationship with the zero-crossing
pulse in Figure 3-7 shall be that showing in Figure 3-8. When rotate
the telescope to not passing zero, the direct current level Va shall be
lower than the valley point Vs (see Figure 3-8) of that of
zero-crossing pulse).

A ＞1mS A ＞1mS

Vn Vn
Va
Vs Vs

1: ＞500mV 2： ＞500mV 1: ＞500mV 2： ＞500mV

(Figure 3-7) (Figure 3-8)

42
 1. Zero-crossing pulse

4. Use noninductive screwdriver to slightly adjust the

potentiometer WR9 on the angle measuring mainboard and
simultaneously observe the oscillograph. The position of the direct
current level Va shall move up and down, you should adjust the
direct current level Va to 1/2 (Vn-Vs) + Vs (see Figure 3-8).
5. Shut down the instrument and restart it, rotate the telescope
at the vicinity of the 90° of the direct position of telescope
(circle-left) to test if the instruments can cross zero normally. If the
instruments can cross zero normally, you shall re-calibrate the index
error of the vertical circle, and if the index error is not qualified,
you shall lower the direct current level Va a bit. But you shall
ensure that the direct current level Va shall be higher than the
lowest valley point of zero-crossing pulse for 0.3V. For the
calibration method of the index error of the vertical circle, see 3.6
Setting of the index error, collimation error and the zero point
error of the compensator.
6. Shut down the instrument; insert the plug of the buzzer on
the left cover board into the two-core socket on the angle measuring
mainboard. Then install the left cover board, the six M2.5 screw,
and at last fasten the left cover board.

II. Method to adjust the zero-crossing voltage with software

1. Shutdrown, dismount the six M2.5 screws on the left cover

board of the fixed instrument, open the left cover board, remove the

43
plug of the buzzer on the angle measuring mainboard, and then
remove the left cover board.
2. Press and hold both [OSET] and [ ] keys simultaneously
(see Figure 3-9), and then press [ ] key to start up; Display screen
displays “FAC” and then enter the instrument accuracy setting
mode after about 2 seconds. And then press the SFT key to enter the
factory pattern, as shown in Figure 3-9.

DIST S/H/V

OSET R/L

REP REC

HOLD V/%

SFT

(Figure 3-9)

3. Press both [ ] and] L/ R ] keys simultaneously (see Figure

3-9), interface as shown in Figure 3-10 will be displayed on the
display screen, and then entering zero-crossing voltage adjustment
mode. Wave shape of P8 (see Figure 3-11) on the angle measuring
mainboard can be inspected by the oscillograph (switch the
oscillograph to Mode A with 500mV sensitivity and 1mS sweep
speed), and at the same time, telescope shall be rotated at such near
the elevating angle 90°of the left side of the disc; Zero-pulse as
shown in Figure 3-7 shall be displayed by the oscillograph.
44
Minimum voltage of this zero-pulse shall be more than 0.8V, with a
pulse amplitude Vn–Vs≥0.5V.

06–03–20 14：38

82
1.58

(Figure 3-10)
P11
P1
P2

1
P6

P5
P8
P3
P4

L att ic e

(Figure 3-11)
1. The angle measuring mainboard

45
 4. Press [V / % ] , inspect the wave shape of P11 (see Figure
3-11) on the the angle measuring mainboard by the oscillograph
probe, DC voltage level Va (see Figure 3-11) shall be displayed by
the oscillograph, relative relationship between which and the
zero-pulse as shown in Figure 3-7 is shown in 3-8. When rotation
of the telescope is not zero, the DC voltage level Va is less than the
valley point Vs of the zero-pulse wave (see Figure 3-8).
5. in case that the zero-crossing voltage Va is too low or too
high (although the too high zero-crossing voltage Va is able to be
zero, it may cause a overproof phenomenon of the vertical index
error.), it is able to modify the software parameter by press keys
on the panel as shown in Figure 3-9 to change the zero-crossing
voltage Va in order to meet the requirement. [L / R ] and [V / % ]
keys on the panel are for crude regulation, wherein [L/R] is the rise
key and [V/%] is the lower key. Upon press [L/R] or [V/%] a time,
the zero-crossing voltage Va will increase or rise or lower about
100mV. Observe the oscillograph at the same time until the position
DC voltage level Va moves upward and downward.
[OSET] and [HOLD] keys on the panel are for accurate
adjustment, wherein [OSET] is the rise key and [HOLD] is the
lower key. Upon press [OSET] or [HOLD] a time, the zero-crossing
voltage Va will increase or rise or lower about 20mV. DC voltage
level V shall be adjusted until it reaches to 1/2 (Vn–Vs）+Vs (see
Figure 3-8).
6. Press [ ] to verify, the display screen will return to the
interface shown in Figure 3-9.
7. shutdown and restart up, telescope shall be rotated at such

46
near 90º of the telescope direct (left side of the disc), to check the
instrument to be bale to be zero normally or not. If so, re-regulate
the index error of the vertical circle, in case of an unqualified index
error, it is good to lower DC voltage level Va. But it shall be
ensured that such DC voltage level Va is 0.3V more than the valley
point Vs of the zero-pulse. Method to regulate the index error of the
vertical circle is shown in 3.6 index error and collimation error
compensator zero point error setting.
8. Shutdown, insert the plug of the buzzer on the left cover
board in the twin core socket on the angle measuring mainboard.
Mount the left cover board, tight the six M2.5 screws and fix the
left cover board.

III. Method to adjust the zero-crossing voltage with software

without any oscillograph

When maintained, in case of no oscillograph, as to the

instrument whose zero-crossing voltage is adjusted with software, it
can be adjusted with the following methods.
Note: after the adjustment, be sure to carefully check the
zero-crossing voltage to be adjusted to the ideal position or not
according to the below check methods, so as to ensure the use
accuracy of the instrument.
1. Press and hold both [OSET] and [ ] keys simultaneously
(see Figure 3-9), and then press [ ] key to start up; If display
screen displays “FAC”, it will enter the instrument accuracy setting
mode after about 2 seconds. And then press the SFT key, if the

47
display is as shown in Figure 3-9, zero-crossing voltage of such
instrument is able to be adjusted with the software.
2. Press and hold both [ ] and [L / R ] keys simultaneously
(see Figure 3-9), if the display on the display screen is as shown in
Figure 3-12, number in the third line in the Figure is value of the
zero-crossing voltage Va, that is 1.10V.

06–03–20 14：38

56
1.10

(Figure 3-12)

3. Press [L/R] on the panel shown in Figure 3-9 once, the

zero-crossing voltage Va will rise about 100mV, value of
zero-crossing voltage Va in Figure 3-12 will change from 1.10V to
1.20V.
5. Telescope shall be rotated at such near 90º of the telescope
direct (left side of the disc), to check the instrument to be able to be
zero normally or not. If not, press [L/R] once again, zero-crossing
voltage Va will rise about 100mV again, value of zero-crossing
voltage Va in Figure 3-12 will change from 1.20V to 1.30V.
6. Telescope shall be rotated at the telescope direct (left side of
the disc), to check the instrument to be able to be zero normally or

48
not. If so, “0SET”will appear before the number in the second line,
as shown in Figure 3-13. (If not, check the instrument to be able to
be zero normally or not after higher the zero-crossing voltage.)

06–03–20 14：38

OSET 66
1.30

(Figure 3-13)

7. Press [L/R] on the panel shown in Figure 3-9 three times,

the zero-crossing voltage Va will rise about 300mV, value of
zero-crossing voltage Va in Figure 3-12 will change from 1.30V to
1.60V.
8. Press the lighting key to verify, display screen will return to
the interface shown in Figure 3-9. Shutdown.
9. Telescope shall be rotated at such near 270 º of the
telescope reverse (right side of the disc), to check the instrument to
be able to be zero normally or not, under normal condition, it must
not be zero. In case it is able to be zero, indicating that the
zero-crossing voltage Va is too high, so zero-crossing voltage Va
shall be lowered 100 mV as per the above-mentioned method.

49
Recheck until telescope can be rotated to zero under the telescope
direct condition and can not be rotated to zero under the telescope
reverse condition.
10. Being the telescope direct condition, and object lens of the
telescope located over 90 º, start up , telescope shall be rotated
top-down to be zero. Cross wire of the telescope collimates the
collimator tubes and divides point A on the board, read the latitude
value, and shutdown. Object lens of the telescope located under 90
º, start up, telescope shall be rotated down -top to be zero. Cross
wire of the telescope still collimates the collimator tubes and
divides point A on the board, read the latitude value. Compare the
two values; difference between the two values shall not exceed 3″.
If so, indicating that the zero-crossing voltage Va is too high, so
zero-crossing voltage Va shall be lowered 100 mV as per the
above-mentioned method. Recheck until meet the requirement.
11. shutdown and restart up, telescope shall be rotated at such
near 90º of the telescope direct (left side of the disc), to check the
instrument to be bale to be zero normally or not. If so, re-regulate
the index error of the vertical circle, in case of an unqualified index
error, it is good to lower DC voltage level Va. Method to regulate
the the index error of the vertical circle is shown in 3.6 index error
and collimation error compensator zero point error setting.

50
3.4 Fault Maintenance of the Angle Measurement
Level the instrument, turn it on, and rotate the telescope
passing zero. After rotating the vertical shaft and the cross shaft
respectively 3 circles, observe point A on the parallel plain tube
reticule, record the values of the vertical angle and the horizontal
angle; after rotating the vertical shaft and the cross shaft
respectively 2 to 3 circles, still observe the object point A, read the
value variation between the vertical angle and the horizontal angle,
which shall not surpass 5″. If the value variation surpasses 5″, the
repetitiveness of the angle measurement is proved to be poor.
Slightly move the horizontal or vertical handwheel, and
observe the indicating value of the horizontal or vertical angle,
which shall be steadily increased or decreased according to the
minimum indicating value united 1″ (the angle measurement shown
shall be set of 1″). If there incurs any abnormal conditions, it is
proved that there are hop problems on the horizontal or vertical
angles.

I. Fault of Horizontal Angle Measurement

Through being used for a long time, the instrument might
incur problems such as poor repetitiveness or hop on the horizontal
angle measurement. When there are such faults, the horizontal
angle signal of the angle measuring mainboard shall be measured
and re-debugged.
Remove the 6 M2.5 screws fixing the left cover board of the
instrument, then, open the left cover board. Pull down the buzzer
plug on the angle measuring mainboard, and remove the cover
51
board, then the angle measuring mainboard can be visible. The
electrical signals of the electronic theodolite angle measurement is
consisted of 6 ways of sine wave signals, and the measurement
points include the test points P1~P6 on the angle measuring
mainboard (see Figure 3-18, wherein, the angle measuring
mainboard is drawn in accordance with the old structure, and the
new angle measuring mainboard has no potentiometer any more,
others are the same with the picture.).

WR9
P5 P11
P1
P2

P6

1
P8
P3
P4

Lattice

(Figure 3-14)
1. Angle measuring mainboard

Figure 3-18 Instructions to the test points

52
 P1 Horizontal angle measurement signal test point
P2 Horizontal angle measurement signal test point
P3 Horizontal angle measurement signal test point
P4 Horizontal angle measurement signal test point
P5 Vertical angle measurement signal test point
P6 Vertical angle measurement signal test point
P8 Zero-crossing pulse test point
P11 Zero-crossing voltage test point

Angle measurement electrical signal of each test point shall be

respectively detected by the oscillograph (the oscillograph shall be
Mode A, with a sensitivity of 500mV and a scan speed of 1mS).
Before the detection, the accuracy and zero mark of the
oscillograph shall be calibrated.
Rotate the alidade, and detect the waveform of the angle
measuring mainboard test point P1~P4 (see Figure 3-14) with the
oscillograph probe, which shall be standard sine single waveform
(see Figure 3-15), and the waveform shall conform to the following
requirements:

53
 A ＞1mS

1: ＞500mV 2： ＞500mV

(Figure 3-15)
1. Sine wave

A: The DC level is 2.5V±0.02V

B: The amplitude of the AC part shall be 1.2V±0.2V
C: Amplitude difference between the two horizontal angle
measurement electrical single P1 and P2 ＜0.1 V
Amplitude difference between the two horizontal angle
measurement electrical single P3 and P4 ＜0.1 V

If the above requirements can not be satisfied, it can be

adjusted in accordance with the following steps:
1. Turn off the instrument and disconnect the power.
2. Remove the 4 M2.5 screws fixing the angle measuring
mainboard, and pull off the horizontal simulator plug required to be
adjusted on the angle measuring mainboard (see Figure 3-4), then
put it on six-core socket of the special debugging box. Wherein, if
there is oversize on Point P3and P4 (see Figure 3-14) electrical
54
signal, the long-line horizontal simulator is required to be adjusted.
If there is oversize on P1 and P2 (see Figure 3-18), the long-line
horizontal simulator is required to be adjusted. To adjust the
short-line horizontal simulator, the right baffle plate is required to
be removed.

CP 1
CP 2
V0

1 3

(Figure 3-16)
1. Test box 2. Power plug 3. Six-core socket

55
 1

WR 1 WR2 WR3 WR4

(Figure 3-17)
1. Horizontal simulator

3. Power supply on the special debugging box is DC 5V±

0.02V. The oscillograph shall be Mode A, with a sensitivity of
500mV, and the probe attenuation shall be Gear X1, which shall be
spliced on the socket CP1 of the special debugging box (see Figure
3-16). Earth wire of the oscillograph shall be connected to the
special debugging box (⊥). Rotate the alidade and observe the sine
wave signal of the oscillograph. Adjust the potentiometer on the
horizontal simulator with an inductionless screwdriver (see Figure
3-17), thereby making the amplitude voltage and the central voltage
of the one output of the sine wave signal (see Figure 3-17) conform
to the technical requirements.
Wherein, potentiometer WR2 and WR3 (see Figure 3-17)
respectively change the amplitude voltage of the two way sine

56
waves. Potentiometer WR1 and WR4 (see Figure 3-21) respectively
change the central voltage of the two way sine waves.
When debugging, pay attention that the potentiometer can not
be adjusted at the limit position, otherwise, the amplitude voltage
and the central voltage will uneasily to change.
Moreover, when rotating the alidade and observing the variation of
the amplitude voltage, there are two abnormal conditions, one is the
variation of the amplitude voltage surpasses 500mV. In this way, it
may cause horizontal hop. The reason is that there is tackless
between the horizontal comb rack and the grid disk (the above
grating disk) or between the horizontal comb rack and the
positioning disk, thereby causing clearance variation of the grating
disk. It can be tested with a feeler of 0.02mm, from 4 directions of
the all-around, which shall be tested once per 90°, and the feeler
shall be plugged in between the two grid disks. If there is one place
can not be plugged, the clearance between the two grid disks can be
tested to be smaller. As it required to be dismantled with a tool, it
shall be returned to the factory for repair.
Another condition is: when observing the variation of the
amplitude voltage, there is up and down or left and right hop on the
sine wave. This is because there is oil stain, fingerprint or foreign
matter on the grating disk. In the two horizontal gating disks, the
lower one the main grating disk, if disk surface is dirty, the sine
wave will hop, and when the hop surpasses 200mV, it will cause
horizontal hop. Dip some mixed liquor (aether 70%, ethanol 30%)
with the absorbent cotton to clean the surface of the grating disk.
4. Probe CH1 shall be changed to be plugged on socket CP2 of

57
the special debugging box. Rotate the alidade, and the oscillograph
will display the sine wave of another way of electrical signal of the
horizontal simulator, as shown in Figure 3-15. The amplitude
voltage and central voltage of this sine wave shall conform to the
above technical requirements.
5. If the electrical signal amplitude voltage and central voltage
output by a horizontal simulator can not achieve the technical
requirements, the voltage can be adjusted in accordance with the
above methods.
6. After the horizontal simulator is adjusted, turn off the
instrument and disconnect the power. Put the six-core plug of the
long and short horizontal simulator into the respective position on
the angle measuring mainboard (see Figure 3-4). Then, test the
horizontal angle measurement electrical signal of the angle
measuring mainboard.
7. Put on the angle measuring mainboard, and fix it with 4
M2.5 screws; put the buzzer plug into the angle measuring
mainboard, install the left cover board, and fix it on the support
with 6 M2.5 screws.

Ⅱ. Fault of vertical angle measurement

Measuring the difference of repeatability or hop of angle at
vertical angle shall firstly inspect the electric signal of vertical
angle measurement on angle measuring mainboard, with the
method of which is the same as that of horizontal electric signal
(see above), the test points are P5 and P6 in the Figure 3-18.
Waveform shall meet the following requirements:

58
 A: DC level is 2.5V±0.02V
B: Partial amplitude value of AC is 1.2V±0.2V
C: The amplitude difference of electric signal of vertical angle
measurement between P5 circuit and P6 circuit is less than 0.1 V

WR9

P11
P1
P2

P6

P5
P8
1
P3
P4

Lat ti ce

(Figure 3-18)
1. Angle measuring mainboard
It can adjust according to the following procedures if the
waveform can not meet the above requirements:
1. Tear down four M2.5 of cross recess head screws on the
fixed angle measuring mainboard and remove the angle measuring
mainboard.
2. Unplug the plug of vertical stimulator from angle measuring
mainboard (see Figure 3-4) and insert into six-core socket of
dedicated debugging box.
3. DC power supply from dedicated debugging box is 5V±
0.02V. Oscillograph is selected as X-Y mode with sensitive degree
59
of 500mV. The two attenuating probes are selected as X1 gear,
respectively inserting into CP1and CP2 sockets of dedicated
debugging box (see Figure 3-16). The earth wire of oscillograph
connects with dedicated debugging box.
4. Inspect with a feeler ruler about 0.02 mm at one time for
four directions every 90°, the feeler ruler shall insert into the
clearance of two grating disks, with roughly same clearance at each
place. If one place can not be inserted, then it can be judged that the
clearance between two grating disks at this place has become
smaller.

1
2

(Figure 3-19)
1. Left bearing φ6 bore 2. M3X5 internal hexagonal top thread
3. Adjusting screw
5. Turn the lateral axis, aim the left bearing φ6 bore 1 (see
Figure 3-19) at internal hexagonal top thread 2 one by one,
counterclockwise spin a round for each M3X5 internal hexagonal
60
top thread 2 (totally 4) (as Figure 3-19, two more on the opposite of
mirror).
6. Turn the lateral axis to make the left bearing φ6 bore 1 (see
Figure 3-23) aim at the adjusting screw 3. Turn the telescope back
and forth with slow and constant speed at small angle, and observe
the Lissajous Figures on oscillograph at the same time. Slightly
adjust the adjusting screw 3 with a screwdriver (see Figure 3-19).
There are four adjusting screws with oriented angle of 90°to each
other, the amplitude voltage can be changed by respectively
adjusting the clearance between two grating disks at four directions
of up, down, left and right. Clockwise turning the adjusting screw
close to this place can increase the clearance between two grating
disks of this place to decrease the amplitude voltage. The
counterclockwise turning can reduce the clearance between two
grating disks to increase the amplitude voltage.
Turn the lateral axis for a round to observe the Lissajous Figures on
oscillograph, with the amplitude value shall be 500-1500mV (see
Figure 3-20).

61
 A ＞1mS A ＞1mS

Vs
Vn

1 : ＞500 mV 2： ＞500mV 1: ＞500mV 2： ＞500mV

1 1

(Figure 3-20) (Figure 3-21)

1. Lissajous circle 1. Zero crossing pulse
If phase difference is a little bit great when adjusting, the
clearance between grating disks on the left and right can be
adjusted to reduce the phase. After regulating, the clearance
between grating disks shall be inspected with feeler ruler, which
shall be conform to the above requirements.
When observing the Lissajous Figures on oscillograph, if the
Lissajous Figures jumps up and down or left and right, it may be
owing to the greasy dirt, finger mark or foreign matter on the
surface of grating disk. In the two vertical grating disks, the outer
one is the main grating disk. If its surface is dirty, it may cause the
electric signal to jump and, more seriously, lead to the vertical hop.
The surface of grating disk can be cleaned with absorbent cotton
wetting appropriate mixed liquor (70% of aether and 30% of
ethanol).

62
 In addition, turn the lateral axis a round, and when observing
the Lissajous Figures on oscillograph, the Lissajous Figures will
has change in respect of size. The change of amplitude value shall
be less than 500mV. If it exceeds 500mV, it may cause the hop of
vertical angle measurement, which is due to the greater axial hop
amount of lateral axis after long time use of instrument. Because it
needs special tools to remove, it shall be returned to factory for
repair.

WR5 WR6 WR7 WR8

(Figure 3-22)
1. Vertical simulator
7. Oscillograph is selected as A mode, the probe CH1 is
changed to insert zero crossing socket (V0）of dedicated debugging
box (see Figure 3-16), turn the telescope near the right angle of face
mirror ( left of disk), oscillograph shall show zero crossing pulse as
Figure 3-21. The amplitude of this zero crossing pulse of Vs-Vn
shall be not less than 0.5V.
63
 8. Oscillograph is selected as “A” mode with sensitive degree
of 500mV. The attenuating probe is selected as X1 gear, inserting
into CP1 socket of dedicated debugging box (see Figure 3-16). The
earth wire of oscillograph connects with dedicated debugging box.

A ＞1mS

1: ＞500mV 2： ＞500mV

(Figure 3-23)
1. Sine wave
Turn the lateral axis back and forth and observe the sine wave
signal on oscillograph. Adjust the potentiometer of vertical
stimulator with noninductive screwdriver (see Figure 3-22) to make
the amplitude voltage and center voltage of sine wave signal ( see
Figure 3-23) outputted by the first circuit meet the following
technical requirements:
A: DC level is 2.5V±0.02V
B: partial amplitude value of AC is 1.2V±0.2V
In Figure 3-22: potentiometers of WR6 and WR7 can respectively
change the amplitude voltage of sine wave on two circuits.

64
Potentiometers of WR5 and WR8 can respectively change the
center voltage of sine wave on two circuits.
Take care not to adjust the potentiometer to the limit position when
adjusting, thus the amplitude voltage or center voltage is not easy to
change.
9. Probe CH1 is changed to insert into CP2 socket of dedicated
debugging box. Turn the lateral axis, oscillograph shows the sine
wave of electric signal on another circuit of vertical stimulator, as
described in Figure 3-23. According to the above adjusting method,
make the amplitude voltage and center voltage of sine wave on this
circuit achieve the above technical requirements.
Apart from satisfying the above technical requirements, the
amplitude difference of electric signal of vertical angle
measurement on two circuits shall be less than 0.1 V.
10. After the completion of debugging, insert the six-core plug
of stimulator into the corresponding position of angle measuring
mainboard (see Figure 3-4).
11. Recheck the electric signal of vertical angle measurement
of angle measuring mainboard (test points of P5 and P6 in Figure
3-18), if there is no mistake, debug the zero crossing electric signal,
for the debugging method to which, see3.2 no display of vertical
angle of zero position.
12. Insert the buzzer plug into the angle measuring
mainboard and amount left cover board and fix on the support with
six M2.5 screws.

65
3.5 Fault maintenance of electronic compensator
Ⅰ. Change of electronic compensator
1. Dismantling six M2.5-screws fixing the left cover and
disconnecting buzzer plugs from the angle measuring mainboard is
for taking down the left cover.
2. Dismantling four M2.5-cross recessed pan head screws is for
taking down the angle measuring mainboard. The compensator
plugs are disconnected from the angle measuring mainboard (see
Figure 3-4).

1
2

(Figure 3-24)
1. M3-screw hole on the bracket, 2. Compensator,
3. Φ3 washer, 4. M3-screw
3. Dismantling six M2.5-screws fixing the left cover on the
instrument is for taking down the left cover.
4. Dismantling two M3-screws 4 and twoΦ3 washers 3 for
66
fixing the compensator 2 (see Figure 3-24) is for taking down the
compensator 2.
5. The new electronic compensator will be assembled on the
brackets by firmly fixing two M3-screws 4 and twoΦ3 washers 3.
6. Passing from one side of bracket without fitting plate level to
left side of bracket, the 6-way plug of compensator will be
connected to the compensator socket on the angle measuring
mainboard (see Figure 3-4).
7. The angle measuring mainboard will be fixed firmly on the
bracket by 4 M2.5- cross recessed pan head screws.
8. The buzzer plug will be connected to the angle measuring
mainboard, and the left cover will be fixed firmly by 6
M2.5-screws.
After changing the new electronic compensator, it is
necessary to correct the zero position, compensate precision and
index error of compensator.

Ⅱ. Zero correction of electronic compensator

During changing compensator for instruments or after long
term using, zero position or compensate precision of electronic
compensator are possible to occur such problems as out of tolerance
so that correction shall be done for electronic compensator.

67
 4

3
1
2

(Figure 3-25)
1. Foot screw I, 2. Foot screw II, 3. Foot screw III
Judgment whether zero position or compensate precision
of electronic compensator is out of tolerance:

The instruments shall be placed on the special calibration

stand (the settling direction of triangular base shall be shown as
Figure 3-25 that elongated bubble is toward operator and foot screw
III is facing to collimator tube) for precise leveling so that error in
the four directions of plate level shall be no more than 1/2.
Starting-up and zero-crossing is to confirm the compensator is
in an open position when the opening mark “CRN” shall be shown
in the forth row (see Figure 3-26). If not, the compensator is not
opened. Open it.
Steps for starting the electronic compensator

68
 After starting-up, it is understood that the compensator is in
the closure if the opening mark “CRN” is not shown in the forth
row. It is available for starting-up the compensator as following
steps:
1. press (SFT) button (see Figure 3-26), and press (L/R) button
to show as Figure 3-27.

(Figure 3-26)

2. Press (L/R) button to show as Figure 3-28.

3. Press (SFT) button to show as Figure 3-26 to start-up the
electronic compensator.
Note: the start-up and shutdown of compensator must be performed
when the precision of instruments is 2″. If the precision is 5″, 10″
or 20″, the compensator shall be in the closure. Following steps
shall be taken for starting-up compensator. Instrument precision
shall be introduced in the following zero correction of
compensator.

69
07–06–07 9:16 07–06–07 9:16

1. OFF 1. ON

(Figure 3-27) (Figure 3-28)

Zero correction of compensator:
After precise leveling instrument, carry out the starting-up and
zero-crossing. If the vertical angle value is not shown in the column
of vertical angle value in the second row in addition to “TILT” (see
Figure 3-29), the zero position of electronic compensator is out of
tolerance so that it is necessary to correct the zero error of
compensator.

06–03–20 14：38

VA TILT
HA 右 180°10′30″

(Figure 3-29)

1. Shutdown, and press ( ) and (OSET) buttons

simultaneously, then press ( ) button for starting-up. After

70
showing “FAC” for 1 second on the display screen, the interface
shown as Figure 3-30 is shown. The 2″ in the third row means that
the precision of instrument leveling angle is 2″.
2. Press ( ) button to show as Figure 3-31.
Since settled as 2″ for the instrument at factory, if there is found
that it is changed as 5″, 10″ or 20″ due to incorrect operation during
maintenance, it is available to press (OSET) button to set it as 2″
again, then press ( ) button for confirmation and storage shown
as Figure 3-31.
07–06–07 9:16 07–06–07 9:16

SET ACC VA SET 0

2″

(Figure 3-30) (Figure 3-31)

3. zero-crossing of revolving telescope shows the interface as
Figure 3-32 after showing “STEP1” for 1 second. The –110 in the
third row in Figure is the zero error of compensator. Under the
precondition of precise leveling of plate level, revolving the alidade
to any position and after stably stopping the compensator (–110 in
Figure 3-32 dose not change any more), the value shall be less than
± 15. Otherwise, the zero position of compensator shall be
corrected.
4. The battery case shall be taken down after shutdown.
Dismantling 6 M2.5-screws fixing right cover of the instrument is
for taking down the right cover. After fixing the battery case, two
M3-screws 2 fixing the electronic compensator shall be loosed
71
slightly (see Figure 3-34).
07–06–07 9:16 07–06–07 9:16

VA 125°10′30″ VA 125°10′30″
–110 10

(Figure 3-32) (Figure 3-33)

4. Error in the four directions of precise leveling instrument

and plate level shall be less than 1/2. Repeating above operations
from 1 to 2, the display screen is shown as Figure 3-32.

A
1

(Figure 3-34)
1. Compensator, 2. M3-screw
8. Striking cover of compensator by screwdriver with wooden
handle (see Figure 3-34) is to correct the zero error of compensator
to being less than ±15. when directing position of telescope, if the
72
zero error of compensator is negative (–110 shown as Figure 3-32),
strike downwards the A position of the compensator 1 as Figure
3-34. And if it is positive, strike downwards the B position of the
compensator 1 as Figure 3-34. So under the precondition of precise
leveling of instrument, revolving alidade to any position, absolute
value of zero error of compensator shall be less than 15 (as shown
in Figure 3-33).
If it is a newly changed compensator, the zero position of it may be
large due to incorrect mounting position. At this time, two
M3-screws shall be loosed for adjusting the compensator so as to
perform above correction by slightly fastening two M3-screws after
correcting absolute value of zero error of compensator to being less
than 100.
9. After fastening two M3 (2) screws fixing electronic
compensator, it is available to re-check the zero error of
compensator whose absolute value shall be still less than 15. Two
M3-screws shall be sealed by varnish.
Precision of compensator shall be corrected after zero
correction of compensator.

III. Precision Calibration for Electronic Compensator

1. Conduct precise leveling for the instrument so that the
deviation of all the four directions of the plate level should be less
than 1/2 grid.
2. Repeat the above Step 1 and Step 2 in the “zero correction
for compensator”. As shown in Figure 3-33, the “10” on the third
line is the zero-error of the compensator. The absolute value of the
73
zero-error of the compensator should be less than 15 no matter what
locations the alidade of the instrument is rotated to (as shown in
Figure 3-35).
3. Move the center of reticule of the telescope to aim at the
point “A” on the reticule of the collimator tube, press the key
【OSET】 for confirmation after the compensator stop stably
(namely the “8” on the third line in Figure 3-35 does not change
any more), and then come into the precision calibration mode for
the compensator. About one second later when the display shows
“STEP2”, the display is shown as in Figure 3-35 (the vertical angle
“90°11′32″”in Figure 3-35 is an indicative value).

07–06–07 9:16 07–06–07 9:16

VA 90°11′32″ VA 90°08′32″
8 461

(Figure 3-35) (Figure 3-36)

4. Rotate the vertical handwheel slightly so that the

collimation axis of the telescope uptilt by 3′. At this time, the
value of the vertical angle is changed from 90 ° 11'32 "to 90 °
08'32".

74
 07–06–07 9:16 07–06–07 9:16

VA 90°14′32″ VA 90°14′32″
-449 HAR 168°25′01″
TILT

(Figure 3-37) (Figure 3-38)

5. Adjust the pedestal foot screw Ⅲ (see Figure 3-25), still

Move the center of reticule of the telescope to aim at the point “A”
on the reticule of the collimator tube, and press the key 【OSET】
for confirmation after the compensator stop stably. About one
second later when the display shows “STEP3”, the display is shown
as in Figure 3-36.
6. Rotate the vertical tangent screw slightly so that the
collimation axis of the telescope down-tilt by 6′. At this time, the
value of the vertical angle is changed from 90 ° 08'32 "to 90 °
14'32".
7. Adjust the pedestal foot screw Ⅲ (see Figure 3-25), still
Move the center of reticule of the telescope to aim at the point “A”
on the reticule of the collimator tube (as shown in Figure 3-37),
press the key 【OSET】 for confirmation after the compensator stop
stably, and the precision calibration for the compensator is
completed. About one second later when the display shows “SET”,
the display is shown as in Figure 3-38.
After calibration is completed, the test on the
compensation precision of the compensator should be carried
out.

75
IV. Test on the Compensation Precision of Compensator
1. Place the compensator on the calibration stand, with the
direction of the triangular pedestal put as shown in Figure 3-25,
with elongated bubble pointing toward the operator, and with the
foot screw Ⅲ opposite the collimator tube. Conduct precise
leveling so that the deviation of all the four directions of the plate
level should be less than 1/2 grid. Start the compensator, wait for
zero passage, and confirm the compensator is turned on.
2. Move the telescope to aim at the point “A” on the reticule
of the collimator tube, and read the value of the vertical angle after
it is stable.
3. Clockwise rotate the pedestal foot screw Ⅲ to back-tilt the
compensator by 3′(If the value of the grids on the collimator tube
is 18″, up to 10 grids can be tilted). Rotate the vertical handwheel
slightly to let the telescope aim at the point “A” on the reticule of
the collimator tube again. Read the value of the vertical angel, the
error should be less than 6″.
4. Anticlockwise rotate the pedestal foot screw Ⅲ to front-tilt
the compensator by 3′. Rotate the vertical handwheel slightly to
let the telescope aim at the point “A” on the reticule of the
collimator tube again. Read the value of the vertical angel, the error
should be less than 6″too.

3.5 Setting of Index Error, Collimation Error, and Zero

Error for Compensator
When you use positive and inverted telescope to measure the

76
vertical angle of the same object “A”, if the total of the two reading
values measured is not equal to 360°, then the half of the
difference between the total and 360° is the zero error of the
vertical angle. For the 2″class compensator, if the zero error is
more than 10″, the calibration is necessary (Note: please confirm
the compensator is turned on before calibration).
If the index error is very bad, you can conduct setting as
follows. Measure the angles of the left limb and the right limb, and
set the index of the vertical limb again to let the index error meet
technical requirements. At the same time, measure the collimation
error of the compensator so that the compensator can correct the
collimation error for the measured value (Due to the correction
range of the collimation error is less than 30″, if 2C＞30″,
you must correct and keep the error of the vertical axis of the
collimation axis within 30″). Besides, the zero error of the tilt
sensor also can be measured and set.

Note: After the modes of “the display unit of the smallest reading
value” and “tilt compensation function” are changed, above
calibrations should be carried out once more.

Setting method is as follows:

1. Place the compensator on the calibration stand and conduct
precise leveling so that the deviation of all the four directions of the
plate level should be less than 1/2 grid.

77
 07–06–07 9:16 07–06–07 9:16

VA SET 0 SET F1
HAR 8°25′01″

(Figure 3-39) (Figure 3-40)

2. Press the key 【L / R 】and the key 【 】to start the

compensator. One second later when the display screen shows
“SETUP”, the prompt interface of zero passage is displayed, as
shown in Figure 3-39. Rotate the telescope to pass zero, the prompt
“SET F1 is displayed on the second line of the display screen” in a
flashing manner, as shown in Figure 3-40.
3. For the positive telescope (on the left of the limb), move the
telescope to aim at the point “A”, press the key【OSET】for
confirmation. After the “SET F1” on the second line flashes several
times, the prompt of “SET F2” is displayed, as shown in Figure
3-41.

07–06–07 9:16 07–06–07 9:16

SET F2 SET
HAR 8°25′01″ HAR 168°34′59″

(Figure 3-41) (Figure 3-42)

4. For the inverted telescope (on the right of the limb), rotate
78
the alidade by 180°, and still move the telescope to aim at the
point “A”, and press the key【OSET】for confirmation. After the
“SET F2” on the second line flashes several times, the prompt of
“SET” is displayed, as shown in Figure 3-41.
5. Press the key 【 OSET 】 for confirmation, and the
compensator accepts the newly set index error, collimation error,
and zero error, and goes back to the mode of angel measurement.

After these settings are completed, check the changes of

index error and 2C of the vertical limb, and both should meet
technical requirements.

79
 Chapter IV Examination and Correction of

Geometric Relationship
Conduct the examination and correction of geometric
relationship according to the following order. This is because that
the relationship and interacting between various verification items
should be considered. For example, for such item will affect the
subsequent verification of various items, it is ought to firstly verify
the perpendicularity between plate level axis and vertical axis.

4.1 Check whether the plate level axis is perpendicular

to vertical axis as well as make correction
I. Examination
Place the instrument on the stationary instrument pedestal or
foot stand. After placing the instrument well, rotate the alidade and
read the maximum value at the both sides of bubble as the
verification result, of which the deviation should not exceed the
half value of division for plate level, if exceeded the deviation,
make correction.

80
 4

3
1
2

(Figure 4-1)
1. Foot screw I 2. Foot screw II 3. Plate level 4.Foot screw III

II 、Correction
1. Rotate alidade to so as to the axes of plate level3 is parallel
to the connecting line between foot screw I and foot screw II (see
Figure 4-1).
2. Rotate pedestal foot screw II or foot screwier of base to
center the bubble of plate level 3.
3. rotate alidade for 180°(or 200g), if the bubble deviates
center and exceeds the deviation, adjust the foot screw I shown in
Figure4-1 to move the bubble towards center by the half deviation.
4. Rotate the adjustment screw 1 shown in Figure 4-2 with
alignment to move the bubble 2 towards center until to be in center.

81
 1 2

(Figure 4-2)
1. Adjustment screw 2. Plate level

5. Rotate the alidade for 180°(or 200g), read the maximum

value at the both sides of bubble, of which the deviation does not
exceed the half value of division for plate level and such one can be
considered to be qualified, if exceeded the deviation, repeat the
above correction steps.
4.2 check whether the circular level axis is parallel to
vertical axis as well as make correction
I、 Examination
After the instrument being placed well, the bubble of circular
level should be in center and not exceed the division circle of
circular level. If exceeded, make correction.
II、 Correction
Conduct the correction of circular level after the correction of
plate level, which is fast and fine.

82
 1

(Figure 4-3)
1. Adjustment screw

Adjust the three adjustment screws 1 until the bubble of

circular level is in the center of division circle of circular level.
During the adjustment, please take care that the adjustment for the
screws in relative position should take the principle of one loosely
first and one tightly second, wherein, only loosely but not tightly
can twist off adjustment screw.
After the bubble being corrected into correct position, the three
adjustment screw should be in the place where the degree of
tightness is suitable. If too loose, the position of leveling instrument
will change after the vibration. If too tight, due to the change of
internal stress, the position of leveling instrument may change after
a long time. Sometimes, it can damage the optical element in
corrected areas, such as glass broken and glue phenomenon. This
will also be applied in the other corrected areas described
83
afterwards (such as correction screw with cross wire, correction
screw of optical plummet).

4.3 Inspection and Correction for Whether Horizontal

Wire of Cross Wire is Perpendicular to Vertical Axis
I. Examination
It always uses the vertical wire of the cross wire in the field
measurement. Therefore, in the inspection and correction, it often
only checks whether the vertical wire is plumb or not. There are
two methods in the field measurement:
First method: Carefully level the instrument, aim at a clear
target point beyond 50m with the top or bottom of the vertical wire
of the telescope, then after fixing the alidade,
tighten the brake handwheel on the horizontal axis. Slightly move
the vertical handwheel, observe the movement of the target point in
the field of vision, at the same time make the telescope turn in the
vertical plane, if the target point still does not deviate from the
vertical wire after it moves from one end of the vertical wire to the
other end, it is proved that the vertical wire is plumb. If there has
obvious deviation, it is necessary to correct.
Second method: Carefully level the instrument, stand 20~30m
away from the instrument, then hang a plumb bob with a thread
with a diameter of 0.5~1.0mm. After the plumb bob is stable,
compare the vertical wire and the plumb bob thread, if both of them
coincide, it is proved that the vertical wire is plumb. If there has
obvious deviation, it is necessary to correct.

84
II. Correction
To carry out the inspection according to the above methods, if
there has obvious deviation, it can correct in light of the following
steps:
1. Screw off the protecting cover 1(sees Figure 4-4).
2. Loose the four bolts 3 fastening the ocular head set 2 (see
Figure 4-4).
3. Rotate the ocular head set 2 to remove the deviation, and
tighten the four bolts 3. After inspected and accepted according to
the above-mentioned methods, install the protecting cover 1.
III. Cautions
When use the first method to inspect, if the target moves along
a curved line or it accompanies with jumping in the movement, at
the moment of slightly moving the vertical handwheel, it is mostly
caused by the uneven loads on the fine-motion screw, it should be
excluded previously. It also can refer to the above methods, slightly
move the horizontal handwheel to check wether the horizontal wire
is horizontal or not. Because the vertical wire will be plumb
likewise after leveling the horizontal wire (in the processing, it has
ensured the verticality between the horizontal wire and the vertical
wire on the stadia plate, the error of nonperpendicularity can not
more than 5´).

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 3

(Figure 4-4)
1. Protecting cover 2. ocular head set 3. bolt

4.4 Examination and Correction for Whether

Collimation Axis is Perpendicular to Horizontal Axis of
Telescope
I. Examination
It usually uses the staff method to inspect and correct. As
shown in Figure 4-5, Staff A and B are horizontally placed in the
two places which are approximately on the equal height with the
instrument, and the distances to the instrument are equal (mainly to
avoid the impact of error of focusing). After level the instrument,
aim at a division line N on the A staff by the direct telescope. Then
tighten the alidade (i.e. tighten the horizontal brake handwheel),

86
reverse the telescope to collimate B staff, a reading M1 will be
gained from B staff (1.650m as shown in Figure 4-4). Then loose
the horizontal brake handwheel, turn the alidade to make the
telescope aim at N on A staff for the second time. Then tighten the
alidade, and reverse the telescope, if the cross wire of the telescope
still aims at M1 on B staff, it is illustrated the two axis is
perpendicular to each other. If the cross wire deviates to M2
(1.630m as shown on Figure 4-4), it is presented that there is a
collimation error.
Calculated according to the following formula:
1/4 M1 M2 ≥ allowable
C″= •ρ″
S value
This series of electronic theodolite belongs to Class 2" instrument.
When the allowable value is not less than 8", it is needed to correct.

A B

M 1 (1.650)
仪器
N Instrument
M (1.635)
M 2 (1.630)
S

(Figure 4-5)
II. Correction
When making the correction, take down the protecting cover 1
87
in Figure 4-6, switch the two regulating screw 2 on the left side and
the right side to make the vertical wire moves horizontally from M2
(sees Figure 4-5), and to reduce 1/4 of the offset M1M2, that is
from 1.630m in the Figure to 1.635m, at this moment, the
collimation axis is perpendicular to the horizontal axis. Repeat the
above-mentioned operation, and after inspected and accepted,
install the protecting cover 1.

2 1

(Figure 4-6)
1. Protecting cover 2. regulating screw

4.5 Examination and Correction for Coincide Between

Collimation Axis of Optical Plummet and
Central Line of Vertical Axis
I. Examination
Place the instrument on the tripod leg, and approximately level
it (not sure to strictly level). Adjust the ocular cap as shown in

88
Figure 4-7 to see the division spanner clearly. Then turn the
focusing handwheel 3 to see the target A on the ground clearly.
Move the instrument or the target to make the aimed target A (sees
Figure 4-8) on the center of the division spanner. Then turn the
alidade 180° (or 200g), if the target deviates from the center (for
example deviates to B as shown in Figure 4-8), it is presented the
collimation axis of the optical plummet is not coincident to the
central line of the vertical axis. In the height of 0.8~1.5m, the offset
shall be less than 1mm. If it exceeds the offset, it is needed to
correct.

4
3 2

(Figure 4-7)
1. Protecting cap 2. ocular cap 3. focusing handwheel 4. correction screw

II. Correction
1. Screw off the protecting cap 1 of the optical plummet in
Figure 4-7.
2. Trough regulating the correction screw 4, adjust the half
offset of the target, that is correct the target on B in Figure 4-8 to C.
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 3. Adjust the pedestal foot screw to make the centre of the
division spanner aim at the target on the ground (refers to Figure
4-8).

B
C
A

(Figure 4-8)
4. Turn the alidade 180° (or 200g), if the target still deviates
from the center and exceeds the offset, it is necessary to repeat the
above-mentioned correction steps, until turn the alidade to any
place to observe, the target is on the center of the division spanner.
5. Install the protecting cap 1 of the optical plummet.

90
Appendix I: Error Information

Error
Error description
prompt
Index error of vertical limb is set incorrectly or
E01
exceeds the offset

Zero point of the compensator is set incorrectly or

E02
exceeds the offset (the bubble is not pounded out)

Collimation error is set incorrectly or exceeds the

offset(the axile line offset produced by the
E03
collimation axis is perpendicular to the horizontal
axis)

E04 Writing memory is incorrect

E05 Precision setting of compensator is incorrect

E06 Angle measuring system is incorrect

Instrument’s alidade or the telescope rotates

E07
excessively rapid (exceeding 4s/r)

Angle measurement of the horizontal plate is

E08
incorrect

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