Internship Report

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
JNANASANGAMA, BELAGAVI - 590018
An Internship Report
on
EXECUTION OF RESIDENTIAL PROJECT

Submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of Degree of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
In
Civil Engineering
Submitted by,
UJWAL
CHAUHAN
1VJ18CV411
Internship Carried Out At
APTHA
VENTURE
Bengaluru
Internal Guide External Guide

Mrs. BRUNDA Mr. Mani
Associate Professor Junior Engineer
V.V.I.T, Bengaluru Aaptha ventures, Bengaluru
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

VIJAYA VITTALA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
# 35/1, Dodda Gubbi Post, Hennur-Bagalur Road, Bengaluru-560077
2020-2021
VIJAYA VITTALA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
#35/1, Dodda Gubbi Post, Hennur- Bagalur Road, Bangalore-560077
Department of Civil Engineering
CERTIFICATE
Certified that the internship work entitled “Execution of Residential Project” carried out by
UJWAL CHAUHAN bearing USN 1VJ18CV411, a bonafide student of Vijaya Vittala
Institute of Technology, in partial fulfilment for the award of degree of Bachelor of
Engineering in Civil Engineering of the Visvesvaraya Technological University,
Belagavi during the year 2020-2021. It is certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated
for Internal Assessment have been incorporated in the report deposited in the departmental
library. The internship report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in
respect of Internship work prescribed for the said degree.
Signature of Internal Guide Signature of External Guide

Mrs. Brunda Mr. Mani
Signature of the HOD Signature of the Principal

Dr. VIRENDRA KUMARA K N Dr. RAJENDRA S
External Viva
Name of the Examiners: Signature with Date
1.
2.
DECLARATION
I, UJWAL CHAUHAN bearing USN: 1VJ18CV411, student of 8th semester

B.E (Civil Engineering) at Vijaya Vittala Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, hereby
declare that the internship report entitled “Execution of Residential Project”
embodies the work undertaken by me during the internship period of 4 weeks that I
have independently undergone at “Landmark Nest” during the month of March/April
2021 and submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Degree
of Bachelor Of Engineering in Civil Engineering of the Visvesvaraya
Technological University, Belagavi during the academic year of 2020-2021.
Place: Bengaluru UJWAL CHAUHAN

Date: USN: 1VJ18CV411
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I hereby express sincere gratitude to my guide Mrs. BRUNDA, Associate Professor

Department of Civil Engineering, for providing her valuable guidance and showing keen
interest throughout my internship work.
I also express sincere gratitude to my Internship coordinator Mr. Pradeep Chavan,

Asst. Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, for his valuable inputs and
suggestions throughout my internship work.
I would also like to thank my supervisor and guide Mr. Mani, Junior Engineer and all
the Technical and Non-Technical Staff of Landmark Nest Partner with Aaptha
venture, who extended their valuable guidance and cooperation in every step, thereby
ensuring successful completion of my internship work.
I wholeheartedly thank Dr. Virendra Kumara K N, HOD, Department of Civil

Engineering, for his constant support and encouragement.
I would like to express my thanks to Dr. Rajendra S, Principal, for providing us the
required amenities and the opportunity for successful completion of Internship work
Last but not the least, I would here by acknowledge and thank my friends, family
members and all others who directly or indirectly helped me in completion of this
internship work.
UJWAL CHAUHAN
1VJ18CV411
LIST OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
TITLE PAGE NO.
NO.
DECLARATION i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii
LIST OF CONTENTS iii
LIST OF FIGURES vi
LIST OF TABLES vii
1 ABOUT THE COMPANY 1

1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Corporate Value of Company 3
1.2.2 Quality Health Safety and Environment 3
(QHSE) Policy
1.2.3 Quality Objectives 3
1.3 Vision 4
1.4 Mission 4
2 ABOUT THE DEPARTMENT 6

2.1 Construction Site Work Department 6
2.2 Detail of Employee in the Organization 6

2.2.1 Project Manager 6
2.2.2 Site Engineer 6
2.2.3 Foreman 7
2.2.4 Surveyor 7
2.2.5 The Store Department 7
2.3 Site Details 7
2.4 Project Details 8
2.4.1 Location of the Project 8
2.4.2 Area Statement 9
iii
LIST OF CONTENTS
2.4.3 Access to Project 9
3 TASK PERFORMED 10
3.1 General Information 10
3.2 Basic Information 11
3.3 Structural System of Underground Level- 12

Scheme
3.3.1 Structural System of 1st Level 12
3.4 Materials 13
3.5 Excavation 14
3.6 Acoustic 14
3.7 Foundation 14
3.7.1 Characteristic of soil 14
3.7.2 Foundation Slab 14
3.7.3 Waterproofing 14
3.7.4 Piles 15
3.8 Blockwork and Sill Concrete 15
3.9 Concrete Mix 16
3.10 Boundary Marking 18
3.11 Electric Mesh 19
3.12 Retaining Wall 20
3.13 Plumbing 21
3.14 Staircase 22
3.15 Putty 23
3.16 Centring and Stagging 24
3.17 Electric Wiring 26
3.18 Plastering 27
iv
LIST OF CONTENTS
4 REFLECTION NOTES 29
4.1 Introduction 29
4.2 Experience and assessment 29
4.3 Technical Outcomes 30
4.3.1 Study of Drawing 30
4.3.2 Laying of Reinforcement 30
4.3.3 Concreting 30
4.4 Non- Technical Outcomes 30
4.4.1 Communication 31
4.4.2 Time Management 31
4.4.3 Personality Development 31
4.5 Benefits of Internship 31
4.5.1 Gain Valuable Work Experience 31
4.5.2 Explore a Career Path 32
4.5.3 Gain Confidence 32
4.5.4 Develop and Refine Skill 32
4.5.5 Networking and Establishing Mentors 32

and References
5 CONCLUSION 33
v
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE PAGE
FIGURE DESCRIPTION
NO. NO.
1.1 Logo of Aaptha Landmark 2
1.2 Organizational Chart of Company 4
1.3 Location of Aaptha ventures 5
2.1 Organization Structure of Site Work 6
2.2 Map 8
3.1 Blockwork 15
3.2 Sill Concrete 15
3.3 Concrete Mixing 16
3.4 Boundary Wall Measurement and Marking 18
3.5 Plaster Mesh 19
3.6 Retaining Wall 20
3.7 Plumbing in Toilet 21
3.8 Concrete Mix Pouring in Staircase 22
3.9 Staircase 22
3.10 Putty Work in Wall 23
3.11 Centring 24
3.12 Stagging 24
3.13 Electrical Wiring 26
3.14 Plastering 27
vi
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE PAGE
TABLE DESCRIPTION
NO. NO.
2.1 Location of the project 8
2.2 Area Statement 9
2.3 Access to project 9
3.1 Work Schedule 10
vii
CHAPTER 1
ABOUT THE COMPANY
1.1 INTRODUCTION
AAPTHA VENTURES is a pre-eminent Engineering construction company situated at Hennur

main road, Bengaluru. Over the years, it has strongly anchored itself as the industry leader in
Engineering construction and currently nurtures projects that span across diverse segments
such as Residential building, commercial building. They are determined to build eco-
friendly green building. Currently they are sharing partnership with Landmark Nest Private
limited.
AV (AAPTHA VENTURES) has a unique business model, with proven expertise in
innovative thinking, project and cost management. It is now a leading player in Bangalore real
estate industry. We are focused on delivering high quality work within budgeted time and
costs, as evident in various accolades and repeated business. We specialize in large
scale Civil construction by leveraging new age construction technologies.
Fig. 1.1Logo of Aaptha Landmark Nest
Department of Civil Engineering, VVIT, Bengaluru 8

AAPTHA VENTURES has recently launched its new project AAPTHA LANDMARK,
located at Chikkagubbi, Hennur Main Road in Bengaluru. Hennur
main Road is well-connected through an integrated network of road and public transport.
Various shopping options, educational institutions, hotels and recreation centers are located
nearby. We indigenize the latest global technologies to local conditions and terrain to extract
maximum results and the tangible benefits are being experienced by our clients in all the project
executed by us. We have been part of prestigious projects across a multitude of verticals, where we are
proud to have introduced many new construction innovations. The expanding list of satisfied clients
reflects our ability to execute challenging projects despite all odds. Difficult working conditions,
weather or terrain has been no deterrent to our team which has delivered consistently and brought
accolades to the company.
Fig. 1.2Floor plan by Aaptha Ventures

1.2CORPORATE VALUES OF COMPANY

1.2.1 QUALITY POLICY
1. Committed to quality construction services, innovative engineering and
upholding a tradition of passion for excellence and team work.
2. To build and develop professionally managed team committed to total
satisfaction of customer.
3. AP fosters culture of continuous improvement, which meeting and exceeding the
expectations of customer through check and control by the implementation of
quality management systems.
4. Eco friendly approach in the process of works.
1.2.2 QUALITY HEALTH SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT (QHSE)
POLICY
Landmark Nest believe that delivery of projects in time, with safety, and quality
with the long-term relationship within house and external customer. They also have
to continuously improve QHSE. Policies to achieve our goal through
1. Committed to quality construction service, innovative engineering and
upholding a tradition of passion for excellence and team work.
2. To build and develop professionally managed team committed to total
satisfaction of customer.
3. Landmark Nest fosters culture of continuous improvement, while meeting and
exceeding the expectations of customer through check and control by the
implementation of quality management systems.
4. Eco-friendly approach in the process of works.
1.2.3 QUALITY OBJECTIVES
It is firmly committed to quality motto of “Passion of excellence”. As a company,
they are dedicated to achieve the following objective in the provision of
construction services:
To deliver product and service that achieves total client’s satisfaction.
To meet the above objectives, it is their policy that:
1. All projects and services undertaken will be implemented in such a manner that
they meet client’s expectation and comply with applicable statutory and regulatory
requirements.

2. The quality of final product and services will be improved through continuous
review and advancement of construction process.
3. The skill of our qualified and dedicated work force at all level will be enhanced
to serve our client better.
1.3 VISION
1. Endeavoring of total solution for Turn key project for all in house and for
customer.
2. Developing talent within by fostering knowledge through experience system
merchandising and maximum utilization of resources.
3. Complete project in time, safety and quality to satisfaction of customer
throughout pan India.
4. Ensuring growth beyond market and profit of all the skate holder of the company.
Fig 1.2: Organizational Chart Of Company
1.4. MISSION
1. Landmark Nest infrastructure walks towards customer satisfaction in the highest
level and continual improvement towards growth.
2. To improve customer experiences through constant innovation understanding,
with a focus on quality and transparency of process.
3. To offers Apartment with perfect combination of contemporary architecture and
features to provide comfortable living.
4. It also offers Car parking.

Fig 1.3: Location of Aaptha Ventures

CHAPTER 2
ABOUT THE DEPARTMENT
2.1 CONSTRUCTION SITE WORKS DEPARTMENT
Construction site work department mainly deals with excavation, shuttering, bar
banding, surveying, concreting, quality check and store department.
Fig 2.1: Organization Structure of Site Work
2.2 DETAIL OF EMPLOYEE IN THE ORGANIZATION

2.2.1 Project Manager
The project manager has so many responsibilities at the site and in our site these
positions are accountable for the contractor or the owner and are appointed by the owner
of the construction company. The main duty of the manager is to manage the whole site
work execution, makes payment to the sub-contract workers, approves material request,
analyses the work process, executes sub-contracting agreements, reviews and checks
the reports made by the office engineer.
2.2.2 Site Engineer
Role of Construction Site Engineer depends on the type of work involved and
experience of site engineer in a construction project. The duties and responsibilities of
a construction site engineer are typically as follows, many of these will be delegated to
other engineers on the site according to their experience and ability:
• Setting out the works in accordance with the drawings and specification.
• Liaising with the project planning engineer regarding construction programmers.
• Checking materials and work in progress for compliance with the specified
requirements.

• Resolving technical issues with employer’s representatives, suppliers, subcontractors

and statutory authorities.
• Quality control in accordance with CSIs/ procedure’s method statements, quality
plans and inspection and test plans, all prepared by the project management team and
by subcontractors.
• Liaising with company or project purchasing department to ensure that purchase
orders adequately define the specified requirements.
• Supervising and counselling junior or trainee engineers.
• Providing data in respect of variation orders and site instructions
• Preparing record drawings, technical reports, site diary
2.2.3 Foreman
The site foreman is a key member of the contractor team, responsible for organizing
construction on site. They perform a pivotal role in the success of a project. Typically,
the foreman is an experienced construction worker, often specializing in a particular
trade. One of the most important facets of the job is to ensure the health and safety of
all personnel on the site.
2.2.4 Surveyor
In any construction a surveyor is mandatory so, in our site the surveyor works starting
from setting out to checking vertically, keeping the natural level of the building,
checking elevation of columns.
2.2.5 The store department
The store departments are responsible for stocking all the necessary tools, raw material
and equipment required to service the manufacture process.
2.3 SITE DETAILS

This project is located in 27/1, Chikkagubbi Village, Hennur Road, Bangalore which is
near kothanur Bangalore. Developed by renowned builders Landmark Nest Limited,
this project offers strategically planned open spaces with luxurious features. The
apartments are well-ventilated and have earthquake resistant structure. Due to its
availability in different dimensions, you get the opportunity to choose your desired
home that comes with the perfect blend of luxury and nature. This project hosts top-
notch amenities available at your door steps. The project has a good connectivity via

Kothanur Main Road and has good number of options for public transport. This project
holds a legal approval from BDA and BBMP.
Aaptha Landmark has 2 & 3 BHK apartments located at Hennur Road Bangalore. The
property is spread across 1090-1600sq.ft.(101.26-148.64 sq.m) of land with large
portion of land area allocated for greenery, landscaping and water bodies.
The Carpet area of 3 Bedroom apartments at Aaptha Landmark ranges between
101.26 sqm to 148.64sqm. The price of 2 BHK flat starts at Rs47.41 L to 52.20 L and
3BHK flat starts at Rs62.64 L to 69.60 L.
Fig 2.2: Map
2.4 PROJECT DETAIL:

2.4.1 Location of the project:
Table No 2.1: Location of The Project
Project Name Execution of Residential Building
Country India
State Karnataka
City Bangalore
Address 27/1, Chikkagubbi Village, Hennur
Road, Bangalore

2.4.2 Area Statement

Table No 2.2: Area Statement
Total Site Area 1090-1600sq.ft
2.4.3 Access To Project

Table No 2.3: Access to Project
From Airport 20min from Kempegowda International
Airport
Railway Station 18 kms
City Centre 16 kms

CHAPTER 3
TASKS PERFORMED
The basic objectives of “Internship”, planned as part of the curriculum for 8th semester
B.E are to understand the working flowchart of a design industry and to bridge the gap
between the academically knowledge and the Industrial procedures of the structural
design. In this regard, we had an opportunity to work with “LANDMARK NEST PVT.
LTD”, Hennur main road, Bengaluru. In a period of 4 weeks our objectives were to get
aquatint with the working nature of a construction of a residential building and to get
ourselves familiarized with the various processes involved in executing a typical
construction project work.
Table 3.1 Work Schedule

Weeks Date Nature of the job
Week 1 11/03/2021-17/03/2021 Study of drawing details and information
collection about the company and
department. Marking of the boundary, Bull
mark etc.
Week 2 18/03/2021-25/03/2021 Concrete work for structure elements and
manual calculation of slab, beam, column
and staircase.
Week 3 26/03/2021-02/04/2021 Shuttering levelling. Reinforcement and bar
bending schedule. Design of concrete mix,
curing etc.
Week 4 03/04/2021-11/04/2021 Excavation and measurements for retaining
wall and block work and sill concrete,
electrical wiring, plumbing, plastering,
plastering mesh, putty.
3.1 GENERAL INFORMATION

The basics need of human existences are food, clothing & shelter. From times
immemorial man has been making efforts in improving their standard of living. The
point of his efforts has been to provide an economic and efficient shelter. The

possession of shelter besides being a basic, used, gives a feeling of security,

responsibility and show the social status of man. Execution of residential building.
Every human being has an inherent liking for a peaceful environment needed for his
pleasant living, this object is achieved by having a place of living situated at a safe and
convenient location, such a place for a comfortable and pleasant living requires
considered and kept in view.
• A Peaceful environment.
• Safety from all-natural source & climate conditions
• General facilities for the community of his residential area.
The engineer has to keep in mind the municipal conditions, building bye-laws,
environment, financial capacity, water supply. sewage arrangement, provision of future,
aeration, ventilation etc., in suggestion a particular type of plan to any client.
3.2 BASIC INFORMATION

The residential building has 1 underground floor and 5 upper ground floors. The size of
the building is different in underground level and in upper floors. Underground level is
47,0 m long and 20,6 m wide. Height above the ground is 17.05 m. Height under the
ground is 2,02 m. Total height is 19,07 m.
The underground floor is equipped with a garage, technical room, washing machine
room, drying room, rooms for storages. Parking spaces, other parking spaces are located
outside the building.
Drive in to the building is from east. There are 10 apartments first level, 11 apartments
in second till fourth level and 6 apartments in fifth floor. Apartment is of different
dispositions from 1+kc to 4+kc. The building consists of 49 apartment units in total. All
the apartments are properly lighted. Underground level is bigger than upper floor, there
is jump in the slab in the structural system of underground level to achieve the
difference in section of first level terraces and apartments. Another recces of building
shape is in the fifth level when the fifth level is smaller than others. The roof areas of
fourth floor are used as terraces for fifth floor apartments.
Building is also equipped with balconies. Entrance to the garage is from the level of
Outside Street. There is no ramp. Underground level floor is in the same height as
surrounding street level. Entrance to the building is from the intermediate level of
RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT BUILDING MALATHE KAMAL ALKHATEEB 7

staircase. It is one staircase wing downstairs to the garage and one staircase wing up to
the apartment areas. In the entrance area there is common residential building
equipment such as cleaning room and staller room. Underground floor is used mainly
for parking, there is also storage areas and technical room. The building is not designed
specifically for use of disabled people. Disabled people will be in the building not
permanently, only occasionally. Underground level of the building is not fully and
whole under surrounding ground, but it is only half underground. Therefore, Execution
of residential building. There is no need of entering the object via ramp from the street
but the garage is in the same level as the pavement of the street.
3.3 STRUCTURAL SYSTEM OF UNDERGROUND LEVEL-

SCHEME
3.3.1 Structural system of 1st level
The structural system of underground floor is a two-way flat slab with thickness of 250
mm. First floor is created by load bearing concrete walls in perpendicular direction of
length of the building.
Therefore, the slab above underground level is also supported by walls of first level and
those are supported by the columns of the underground level, which is used mainly for
garage purposes.
Therefore, the assumption is made, that the slab above first level acts more in a one-
way fashion, than as plain two-way slab. And the construction system can be
characterized as combined with columns in UL and walls in upper structure. Columns
in the underground garage are 1000x250 mm.
Underground floor is bigger than the rest of the building, the reinforced concrete slab
above underground level is used as a terrace of the apartments in first level. Due to
different composition of terrace and regular apartment, there is a slab break in the RC
slab above underground level.
First level to fourth level is almost similar in the perimeter of the building, there is few
recesses and adding on the perimeter of the building. There is obvious advantage seen
in the choice of structural load bearing reinforced concrete walls system.
In a expansion of the floor further from the perimeter of the floor below and in a
situation with the balcony cantilever from this expansion, structural solution without

expanding load bearing walls would be difficult. Wall system is also much stiffer than
skeleton system.
Fifth floor is smaller than the rest with slab above fourth level used as a terrace, this
time without slab break, which would create unwelcome appearance in the apartments
below. This recess of the fifth floor leads to thicker reinforced concrete slabs than in
the regular floor to thickness of 250 mm.
There is an elevator shaft with doubled wall in the face of apartment. Double wall starts
directly from foundation slab.
3.4 MATERIALS
CONCRETE:
Reinforced concrete columns underground level
C35/45 - XC2, XD1- dmax=22mm - Cl <2%-S4
Reinforced concrete perimeter walls underground level
C30/37 – XC2, XA1, XD1 - dmax=22mm-Cl <2%-S4
Reinforced concrete walls (communication areas) underground level
C30/37 - XC2, XD1 - dmax=22mm - Cl <2%-S4
Reinforced concrete walls (communication areas) upper levels
C30/37 – XC1 - dmax=22mm - Cl<2%-S4
Reinforced concrete slabs
C30/37 – XC1 - dmax=22mm – Cl<2%-S4
Reinforced concrete foundations
C25/30 - XC3, XA1, XD1 - dmax=22mm - Cl<2%-S4– Xypex
Reinforced concrete of precast staircase elements
C30/37 – XC1 - dmax=22mm - Cl<2%-S4
Reinforced concrete piles
C25/30 - XC3, XA1 - dmax=22mm - Cl<2%-S4
STEEL:
Reinforcing bars B500B
MASONRY: POROTHERM 25 AKU SYM P15, M10 250 mm
POROTHERM 19 AKU SYM P10, M10 250 mm
POROTHERM 17,5 P+D P8, M2,5 – PARTITIONS 175 mm
POROTHERM 11,5 P+D P10, M2,5 – PARTITIONS 115 mm

3.5 EXCAVATION
The excavation is made for underground construction. The excavation area is composed
of two drainage systems DN100 and backfill soil and gravel 60/32. Volume of
excavated soil = 743 m3. To the possible extent, most of the excavated soil will be used
as a backfill, the rest will be take-off the site and properly stored. The top 200 mm of
the ground will be carefully put out and used as agriculture soil elsewhere. Some of the
area of foundation is already above original ground, so the backfill and proper
compaction has to be realized. There will be several gravities and retaining
structures/wall realized in the area to organize the ground in the surroundings of the
building.
3.6 ACOUSTIC
Staircase is separated by acoustic foil elements the landing composition and on the joint
of precast flight and landings from load bearing structure of the building. Due to
acoustic reasons, every slab composition is equipped with acoustic insulation. The wall
composition also satisfies acoustic requirements. Façade of the building is also
estimated to acoustically isolate whole object.
3.7 FOUNDATION
3.7.1 CHARACTERISTIC OF SOIL
Clay F4 –angle of internal friction = 30 deg
Cohesion = 20 kPa
Gamma is = 20 KN/m3
Tabled load bearing capacity = 150 kPa
3.7.2 FOUNDATION SLAB
The building foundation slab is designed as 250 mm thick and it is from waterproofed
concrete with the additive XYPEX (used for closing the cracks in concrete after the
crack arising XYPEX reacts with water and very slowly close the crack).
3.7.3 WATERPROOFING
Waterproofing of the structure below ground is done by asphalt sheets in the places of
weak spots, recess in the walls, opening for pipeline, etc.

3.7.4 PILES
Piles are designed of two diameters, 900 mm and 600 mm. Diameter of 900 mm is used
under the places of big loads (columns in the underground level) Diameter of 600 mm
is used for example under perimeter wall of underground level or elevator shaft. Piles
are design of different length. Under the places of big load, the piles are designed of
length of 16 m to be able to carry all the load.
3.8 BLOCKWORK AND SILL CONCRETE
Fig 3.1 Blockwork
Fig 3.2 Sill Concrete

➢ Blocks are constructed using concrete or cement. They may include a

hollow core to make them lighter and to improve their insulation properties.
➢ They have been in use since the 1930s when they were commonly used for the
inner leaf of cavity walls.
➢ At this point they were made from an aggregate of stone or industrial
waste such as clinker or breeze, hence the term ‘breezeblock’.
➢ They are now used for a wide variety of purposes such as
the construction of load bearing walls, retaining walls and foundations.
➢ A standard block is 440 mm x 215 mm, the equivalent of 3 bricks high and 2
long, the maximum size that one person can comfortably lift. They are available
in a range of widths from 50 mm to 300 mm.
➢ Block work is constructed with cement or concrete blocks larger than a standard
clay or concrete brick.
➢ Sill in generally made up of reinforced concrete or cement mortar. it is placed
to break the continuity of the blocks to reduce the damage.
➢ Sill concrete is placed 4’ above the ground or after the 4 to 5 blocks.
3.9 CONCRETE MIX
Fig3.3 Concrete Mixing

➢ Concrete is a composite material composed of fine and

coarse aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement (cement paste) that
hardens (cures) over time.
➢ In the past, lime based cement binders, such as lime putty, were often used but
sometimes with other hydraulic cements, such as a calcium aluminate cement or
with Portland cement to form Portland cement concrete (named for its visual
resemblance to Portland stone).
➢ Many other non-cementitious types of concrete exist with other methods of

binding aggregate together, including asphalt concrete with a bitumen binder,
which is frequently used for road surfaces, and polymer concretes that use
polymers as a binder.
➢ Concrete is distinct from mortar. Whereas concrete is itself a building material,

mortar is a bonding agent that typically holds bricks, tiles and other masonry
units together. When aggregate is mixed with dry Portland cement and water,
the mixture forms a fluid slurry that is easily poured and moulded into shape.
➢ The cement reacts with the water and other ingredients to form a hard matrix
that binds the materials together into a durable stone-like material that has many
uses. Often, additives (such as pozzolans or superplasticizers) are included in
the mixture to improve the physical properties of the wet mix or the finished
material.
➢ Most concrete is poured with reinforcing materials (such as rebar) embedded to

provide tensile strength, yielding reinforced concrete. Concrete is one of the
most frequently used building materials.
➢ For the concrete mix, we have taken M20 grade whose ratio 1:1.5:3 concrete
mixture has always been a major concern; after all, it attaches each brick to
make a building.
➢ Well, the invention of the self-loading concrete mixer has made life bit
comfortable for the engineers.

3.10 BOUNDARY MARKING
Fig 3.4 Boundary Wall Measurement and Marking

➢ With the help of plan diagram, we marked the boundary line.
➢ Boundary walls include privacy walls, boundary-marking walls on property,
and town walls. These intergrade into fences.
➢ The conventional differentiation is that a fence is of minimal thickness and often
open in nature, while a wall is usually more than a nominal thickness and is
completely closed, or opaque.
➢ More to the point, an exterior structure of wood or wire is generally called
a fence. But one of masonry is a wall. A common term for both is barrier, which
is convenient for structures that are partly wall and partly fence.
➢ The act of staking property lines is one that’s undertaken by a professional land
surveyor.
➢ Staking property lines involves placing survey markers at the land owner’s
property corners, as well as along the property lines at set intervals.
➢ The goal is to establish an easily understandable line that establishes your
property’s limits.

3.11 PLASTERING MESH
Fig 3.5 Plastered Mesh

➢ Plaster mesh is used for building internal and external decoration, especially in
the plastering work.
➢ It protects the plaster layer surface from cracking and increases the mechanical
strength and plaster layer.
➢ Meanwhile plastering mesh provides a better grip with plaster wall and forms
the skeleton layers of the wall plaster and putty, thereby significantly
strengthening the plaster layer and significantly extending its service life.
➢ Due to its strength and durability, plaster mesh is also successfully used as
reinforcing material in strengthening the foundations of buildings, restoration
and reinforcement of existing plaster, brickwork, installation of thermal
insulation and roofing tile ties, and road laying pavement construction.
➢ We offer the following types of plaster mesh: plastic mesh, fiberglass mesh
cloth, welded wire mesh, chain wire mesh, chicken wire, light type expanded
metal, and woven wire cloth.
➢ These metal mesh all has small square mesh and made from thin wire. Plastering
mesh in various kinds allows customers to find exactly the suitable one perfectly
meeting special requirements.

3.12 RETAINING WALL
Fig 3.6 Retaining Wall

➢ Retaining walls are relatively rigid walls used for supporting soil laterally so
that it can be retained at different levels on the two sides.
➢ Retaining walls are structures designed to restrain soil to a slope that it would
not naturally keep to (typically a steep, near-vertical or vertical slope).
➢ They are used to bound soils between two different elevations often in areas of
terrain possessing undesirable slopes or in areas where the landscape needs to
be shaped severely and engineered for more specific purposes like hillside
farming or roadway overpasses.
➢ A retaining wall that retains soil on the backside and water on the frontside is
called a seawall or a bulkhead.
➢ A retaining wall is a structure designed and constructed to resist the lateral
pressure of soil, when there is a desired change in ground elevation that exceeds
the angle of repose of the soil.
➢ Every retaining wall supports a "wedge" of soil. The wedge is defined as the
soil which extends beyond the failure plane of the soil type present at the wall
site, and can be calculated once the soil friction angle is known.

➢ There are 4 types of retaining walls -

• Gravity Retaining Wall
• Piling Retaining Wall
• Cantilever Retaining Wall
• Anchored Retaining Wall
3.13 PLUMBING
Fig 3.7 Plumbing of Toilet

➢ Plumbing is any system that conveys fluids for wide range of application.
Plumbing has to be done before the plastering.
➢ Plumbing, system of pipes and fixtures installed in a building for the
distribution and use of potable (drinkable) water and the removal of waterborne
wastes.
➢ It is usually distinguished from water and sewage systems that serve a group of
buildings or a city. One of the problems of every civilization in which the

population has been centralized in cities and towns has been the development of
adequate plumbing systems.
➢ The term plumbing fixture embraces not only showers, bathtubs, lavatory
basins, and toilets but also such devices as washing machines, garbage-disposal
units, hot-water heaters, dishwashers, and drinking fountains.
➢ The water-carrying pipes and other materials used in a plumbing system must
be strong, noncorrosive, and durable enough to equal or exceed the expected life
of the building in which they are installed.
➢ Toilets, urinals, and lavatories usually are made of stable porcelain or vitreous
china, although they sometimes are made of glazed cast iron, steel, or stainless
steel.
➢ Ordinary water pipes usually are made of steel, copper, brass, plastic, or other
nontoxic material; and the most common materials for sewage pipes are cast
iron, steel, copper, and asbestos cement.
3.14 STAIRCASE
Fig 3.8 Concrete mix pouring in staircase Fig 3.9 Staircase
➢ Stairs, a stairway, a staircase, a stairwell, or a flight of stairs is a construction

designed to bridge a large vertical distance by dividing it into smaller vertical
distances, called steps.
➢ Stairs may be straight, round, or may consist of two or more straight pieces
connected at angles. Special types of stairs include escalators and ladders. Some

alternatives to stairs are elevators (also called lifts), stairlifts, inclined moving
walkways, and ramps.
➢ A stair, or a stairstep, is one step in a flight of stairs. In buildings, stairs is a term

applied to a complete flight of steps between two floors. Stairs may be in a
"straight run", leading from one floor to another without a turn or change in
direction.
➢ Stairs may change direction, commonly by two straight flights connected at a

90-degree angle landing. Stairs may also return onto themselves with 180-
degree angle landings at each end of straight flights forming a vertical stairway
commonly used in multi-storey and high-rise buildings.
➢ Many variations of geometrical stairs may be formed of circular, elliptical and

irregular constructions. Stairs are also provided for convenience to access floors,
roofs, levels and walking surfaces not accessible by other means.
3.15 PUTTY
Fig 3.10 Putty Work in Wall

➢ Putty is done after the plastering.
➢ It is done to give a smooth surface to the wall.

➢ Putty is a material used as a filler and sealant in the construction industry. It is

traditionally made by mixing finely ground chalk (sometimes referred to as
whiting)with linseed oil, kneaded to the consistency of dough. Putty is available
in a range of colors and can be painted when dry.
➢ Putty is highly plastic and is commonly used in traditional single glazing to seal
panes of glass into timber frames. It can also be used as a general filler,
and intumescent and plumbing versions are available.
➢ Wall putty can be used to give a damp-resisting, smooth surface to walls prior
to painting.
➢ Pratley Putty is a strong epoxy adhesive putty originally developed as an
insulator and adhesive for fixing brass terminals in cast iron junction boxes. It
can be used for steel bonding.
➢ Synthetic putty can be made using polybutene, and this and
other fillers and sealants have largely replaced traditional putty.
3.16 CENTRING AND STAGING
Fig 3.11 Centring Fig 3.12 Stagging
➢ Centring is a part of formwork. It is used to support horizontal members like

slabs. Formwork for slabs and floor beams is known as centring.
➢ A simple centring without a truss is called a common centring. A cross piece

connecting centring frames is called a lag or bolts.
➢ Centring is normally made of wood timbers, a relatively straightforward

structure in a simple arch or vault; but with more complex shapes involving

double curvature, such as a dome or the bottle-shaped flue in a Norman-period

kitchen, clay or sand bound by a weak lime mortar would be used.
➢ Shaping could be done by eye, perhaps with the help of a template,

then stones or bricks laid against it.
➢ The structure would be built round a post acting as a datum, and each course of
stonework would be set at a distance from the datum.
➢ When the centring is removed (as in "striking the centring"), pointing and other
finishing continues.
➢ The portion which supports cantering & shuttering is called Staging. This can
be:
1. Wooden Ballies
2. Pipes/Props/Jacks
3. H frames
4. Space frames using Coupler / Cup-Lock system

3.17 ELECTRICAL WIRING
Fig 3.13 Electric Wiring

➢ In electrical wiring, we have used GI wire and spring. With the help spring, GI
wire has been distributed from the main hole to the sub hole.
➢ Electrical wires and cable have markings stamped or printed on their insulation
or outer sheathing. These markings provide important information about the
wiring and insulation, including the wire size and material, the type of
insulation, the number of wires contained (inside a cable), and any special
ratings or characteristics of the wire.
➢ While looking at the color of wire or cable will help you narrow down the
options at the store, reading and understanding the labels on wiring is the best
way to ensure you get the properly rated material for your project.
➢ The electrical panel, or service panel, is the power distribution point of a home
electrical system. This is where all of the individual circuits of the house get their
power and where they are protected by breakers or fuses.
➢ Wiring an electrical panel is a job for a licensed electrician, but DIYers should
have a basic understanding of how a panel works and the critical role that breakers
play in any system.

3.18 PLASTERING
Fig 3.14 Plastering
➢ They are lean mixes of Binding Materials (Lime or Cement) with fillers material
such as Sand or Crushed stones.
➢ And the process of covering surfaces with Plaster is called Plastering.
➢ Plastering is done after all the works like block work, wiring, plumbing.
➢ Plastering contains only cement and sand and their ratio 1:6.
➢ The thickness of the plastering is 12 to 15mm.
➢ They are specially prepared for two reasons.
• For Protection.
• For Decoration.
➢ In protective covering, the Plaster saves the Bricks or Stones from Direct
Destructive Attacks of Atmosphere such as Wind, Rain and Harmful Industrial
Gases.

➢ As a decorative finish, Plasters are used to give many appealing shades and
finish designs to the construction.
➢ There are two type of plastering, they are-
• Cement plaster
• Gypsum plaster

CHAPTER 4
REFLECTION NOTES
4.1 INTRODUUCTION
The four weeks Training at LANDMARKS NEST at Hennur main road, Bengaluru is
being one of the best things to take away from my bachelor of engineering program. As
a person without any prior site experience, it was a great chance to visualize the
execution of the works and to link them with the theoretical knowledge I had. It was a
great opportunity to gain practical knowledge about the various activities like marking,
levelling, mixing ratio, curing etc., that take place at the site. Also, it helped me in
improving my theoretical knowledge, communication skill, team working skill etc. An
internship is not just the first step on the ladder to a great career and comfortable salary
but it is also the perfect place to start learning skills and gain knowledge about different
fields.
4.2 EXPERIENCE AND ASSESSMENT

My internship as an intern student at LANDMARK NEST has been the most rewarding and
motivational experiences, I have had during my internship course. I connected with my site
engineer and the workers which were working on the site, all of whom supported my growth
as a learner, both directly and indirectly. I feel that this internship in LANDMARK NEST
at hennur main road has truly prepared me for life after graduation. This experience will
help me achieve my goal of completing my bachelor's program for my degree in education.
Because of the lessons I learned not only from my site engineer but also from the workers too,
I am confident that I will continue to grow and develop professionally and in my personal
endeavors. Within my internship course, there were distinct learning experiences that stand
out to me as the most influential aspects of my development: Managing my time effectively,
learning how to work with different personalities, and Communication with the
workers. This internship is:
• A structured work experience related to my career goal.
• An experience that would enhance my academic, career, and personal development.
• Allows me to potentially gain more internship opportunities.
• Teaches me about the importance of work-life balance.

• Internships are professionally experiencing that give students the opportunity to gain
practical experience in a professional environment. It is the opportunity for a student to
take what he has learned in the classroom and apply it in the real world.
• It is a chance to develop communication and interpersonal skills, to build a knowledge
base about a specific field, and to practice a higher level of responsibility and
confidence.
4.3 TECHNICAL OUTCOMES

Learnt many things about construction of structure like
1. Studying of Drawings.
2. Laying of Reinforcement.
3. Concreting.
4. Concrete mixer.
5. Curing.
6. Load Calculation.
4.3.1 STUDYING OF DRAWINGS
On site, engineers helped me to study and understand the drawings. The drawing is
more important in the construction process for the proper construction of structure to
avoid errors. As a civil engineer, it is more important to understand and able to study
the drawings.
4.3.2 LAYING OF REINFORCEMENT
I have also learnt about laying of reinforcement from the bar benders and also learnt
about development length, curtailment of bars and hooking of reinforcement.
4.3.3 CONCRETING
The concreting is very important step in the construction process and it has to be carried
out very carefully to avoid future problems like spalling, honey combing and cracking
etc. I have carefully watched the process of concreting and learnt all the procedure done
during the concrete work.
4.4 NON-TECHNICAL OUTCOMES

Learnt many things like:
1. Communication.
2. Time management.

3. Personality development.
4. Responsibilities.
4.4.1 COMMUNICATION
The communication is more important in any of the industry in the world. And I have
learnt more about communicating with the staff, workers and engineers etc. I have learnt
the communication skills during the internship program and could able to understand
and communicate with the workers, engineers and staff.
4.4.2 TIME MANAGEMENT
During the internship program I have learnt about how to manage the time in the Work.
“Time management” refers to the way that you organize and plan how long you spend
on specific activities. It may seem counter-intuitive to dedicate precious time to learning
about time management.
Its benefits are:
• Greater productivity and efficiency.
• A better professional reputation.
• Less stress.
• Increased opportunities for advancement.
4.4.3 PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
During the internship I have gain more knowledge about the technical and non-technical
topics and could able to develop my personality and technical knowledge.
4.5 BENEFITS OF INTERNSHIP

4.5.1 GAIN VALUABLE WORK EXPERIENCE:
1. The hands-on work experience interns receive is invaluable and cannot be obtained
in a classroom setting, making this one of the most important benefits of internships.
2. Interns have the opportunity to apply acquired knowledge to real work experiences,
witnessing firsthand the day-to-day job duties they can expect to encounter in their
chosen field.
3. In addition to learning the specialized skills of a particular field, transferable skills
such as communication, teamwork are also obtained in an internship, fully preparing
interns to enter the workforce upon graduation.

4.5.2 EXPLORE A CAREER PATH:

• Learn about a career field from the inside and decide if this is the right career field for
me.
• Work alongside a professional in my chosen career area.
• Observe the work place and see if it matches expectations.
4.5.3 GAIN CONFIDENCE:
1. Internships allow you to test out specific techniques learned in the classroom before
entering the working world.
2. It’s an opportunity to apply what you have learned in a safe environment where
mistakes are expected – rather than learn the hard way in your first job out of college.
4.5.4 DEVELOP AND REFINE SKILL:
• Learnt new skills and add to my knowledge base while gaining confidence in my
abilities.
• Improved my communication and teamwork skills.
• Gain industry knowledge first hand from an organization and professionals.
• Apply some of the ideas learned in college and provide a bridge between college and
the professional world.
4.5.5 NETWORKING AND ESTABLISHING MENTORS AND REFERENCES:
• Meet new people and practice networking skills while establishing a network of
professional contacts, mentors, and references.
• Open to door to advice for the next steps to take on your career path.

CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION
The internship program was conducted for 4 weeks and on those 4 weeks I got to learn lot of
knowledge. During my internship program I have got a lot of knowledge in terms of improving my
practical skill. The various types of orientation programs, tasks and trainings that we have been
undertaking during the four weeks on the site enhanced my knowledge in building construction. I
am very glad to see that what I have learnt in the university can be a repeated in the working world.
I could able to apply my theoretical knowledge of designing and construction works in the real-life
situation. This program played an important role to break the conventional thought that field works
can be only implemented by students who hold a degree or people who have an experience in
building construction. I am able to acquire a high level of confidence to deal with problems that
arise in a building construction. During the four weeks of internship, I have been able to see the
different theoretical aspects, Methodologies. I have been fulfilling my curiosity in learning
practically building construction well in this internship program. Generally, the internship program
laid sound foundation for us to start our career. I will be definitely sensible to scale this practice up
and to replicate it in other disciplines as well.

REFERENCES
1. SP 23: Hand Book for Concrete Mix.

2. M.S.Shettty, ”Concrete Technology", S Chand Publishing Company, 2005.
3. Neville A.M, "Properties of Concrete", IV Ed Longman, 1995.
4. IS 456-2000, ‘Indian Standard Code for practice of Plain and Reinforced Concrete’.
5. IS 800-1984, ‘Indian Standard General Construction in Steel – Code of Practice’.
6. IS 875-1987 (Part-III). ‘Indian Standard Code for practice of Impact Loads and Wind
Loads.
7. IS 2386-1963 (Part-III) ‘Methods of Test for aggregates for concrete Part III specific
gravity, density, voids, absorption and bulking. Bureau of Indian Standards’.
8. IS 383-1970 ‘Specification for coarse aggregate and fine aggregate from natural sources for
concrete.
Bureau of Indian Standards’.
9. IS 455-1989 ‘Portland Slag Cement Specification. Bureau of Indian Standards’.
10. IS 456-2000 ‘Plain and Reinforced concrete code of practice (Fourth Revision).

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VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

JNANASANGAMA, BELAGAVI - 590018

EXECUTION OF RESIDENTIAL PROJECT

Internal Guide External Guide

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Department of Civil Engineering

Signature of Internal Guide Signature of External Guide

Signature of the HOD Signature of the Principal

I, UJWAL CHAUHAN bearing USN: 1VJ18CV411, student of 8th semester

Place: Bengaluru UJWAL CHAUHAN

I hereby express sincere gratitude to my guide Mrs. BRUNDA, Associate Professor

I also express sincere gratitude to my Internship coordinator Mr. Pradeep Chavan,

I wholeheartedly thank Dr. Virendra Kumara K N, HOD, Department of Civil

1 ABOUT THE COMPANY 1

2 ABOUT THE DEPARTMENT 6

2.2 Detail of Employee in the Organization 6

3.1 General Information 10

3.2 Basic Information 11

3.3 Structural System of Underground Level- 12

3.7.1 Characteristic of soil 14

3.7.2 Foundation Slab 14

3.8 Blockwork and Sill Concrete 15

3.9 Concrete Mix 16

3.10 Boundary Marking 18

3.11 Electric Mesh 19

3.12 Retaining Wall 20

3.16 Centring and Stagging 24

3.17 Electric Wiring 26

4.2 Experience and assessment 29

4.3 Technical Outcomes 30

4.3.1 Study of Drawing 30

4.3.2 Laying of Reinforcement 30

4.4 Non- Technical Outcomes 30

4.4.2 Time Management 31

4.4.3 Personality Development 31

4.5 Benefits of Internship 31

4.5.1 Gain Valuable Work Experience 31

4.5.2 Explore a Career Path 32

4.5.3 Gain Confidence 32

4.5.4 Develop and Refine Skill 32

4.5.5 Networking and Establishing Mentors 32

AAPTHA VENTURES is a pre-eminent Engineering construction company situated at Hennur

Fig. 1.1Logo of Aaptha Landmark Nest

Department of Civil Engineering, VVIT, Bengaluru 8

Fig. 1.2Floor plan by Aaptha Ventures

Department of Civil Engineering, VVIT, Bengaluru 9

1.2CORPORATE VALUES OF COMPANY

Department of Civil Engineering, VVIT, Bengaluru 10

Fig 1.2: Organizational Chart Of Company

Department of Civil Engineering, VVIT, Bengaluru 11

Fig 1.3: Location of Aaptha Ventures

Department of Civil Engineering, VVIT, Bengaluru 12

banding, surveying, concreting, quality check and store department.

Fig 2.1: Organization Structure of Site Work

2.2 DETAIL OF EMPLOYEE IN THE ORGANIZATION

Department of Civil Engineering, VVIT, Bengaluru 13

• Resolving technical issues with employer’s representatives, suppliers, subcontractors

2.3 SITE DETAILS

Department of Civil Engineering, VVIT, Bengaluru 14

Fig 2.2: Map

2.4 PROJECT DETAIL:

Department of Civil Engineering, VVIT, Bengaluru 15