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This book is a workbook designed for the study of the listening comprehension
portion of the new
Japanese Language Proficiency Test which began in 2010. The new test contains a wider range of
listening comprehension questions and listening ability is measured in various
different ways. This
book offers exercises specially created for learners ofJapanese who want
to take the test so that they
can become accustomed to the test format and get higher scores.
Exercises in this book include those in which learners can enrich vocabulary and those which
involve reading and answering questions. You may think that these exercises
are unrelated to
listening comprehension, but, in fact, they foster basic skills. Listening comprehension
is just
another part of understanding Japanese. It is an activity in which people comprehend
the gist of a
story by utilizing various techniques such as knowledge about sounds, vocabulary,
sentence patterns,
context' and topics. Use these techniques efficiently, and practice while reviewing
your listening
skills in order to get closer to achieving the listening skills ofnativeJapanese
speakers.
The structure of this book corresponds to the listening comprehension questions
in the Japanese
Language ProficiencyTest, but, as mentioned above, the aim of this
book is to foster basic skills to
develop listening ability. Consequently, its contents are not only for
those who want to prepare for
the test but also for those who want to use this book for their regular listening
classes, or for those
who want to do listening exercises at home.
{& Features of this Book
1l This book's units are structured according to the

Japanese Language proficiency Test.
Unit 1 Task-based Comprehension

Unit 2 Gomprehension of Key points
Unit 3 Comprehension of General Outline
Unit 4 Verbal Expressions
Unit 5 Ouick Response
2) Thir book is structured so that you can start with exercises to acquire basic skills and
doing exercises which are close in format to the real test.
Step Acquiring basicskills lExercisesl

These exercises help you to acquire the necessary skills in order to be able to
answer each test question. There are four exercises: hearing sounds, vocabulary and
expressions for listening, hearing grammatical patterns, and understanding the
I
feelings of the speaker.
Step 2 Checking what you have learned in the unit [End-of-unit Exercises)
You will find these exercises at the end of each unit. These exercises have the same
I
format as the Test.
Step 3 Answering questions with the same format as the test [ActualTest Exercisesl
We have prepared tests with the s"-e-format as the actual test. The number of
questions is different from the actual test, but you will become accustomed to the test
and be able to checkyour skills with these exercises before you take the test.
3l The aims of the exercises in each unit are as follows.
O Step 1 lExercisesl
@Hearing sounds (Units 01 .02.03'04'05) : Some sounds can change in spoken

langrage. If you do not know about these changes, you may not be able to identi$r words or
grammatical patterns, even those that you know well. If you do not have many opportunities to
speak with native speakers, this section will help you to recognize changes in sounds.
@ Vocabulary and expressions for listening (Units 01 . 02. 03 . 04 . 05) : In spoken

language, there are often words and expressions whose meanings are difficult to guess or
understand from their sounds. In this section, we deal with onomatopoeic words, mimetic
words, loanwords, words of Chinese origin, and honorific language, and you will study listening
and understanding.
@ Hearing grammatical patterns (Units 01 - 02. 03 . 05) : It is difficult to have an
immediate understanding of the relationships between speakers or the directions of objects
or actions in a conversation. In this section, we deal with modifying nouns, the causative, the
passive, the causative-passive and benefactive verbs. These are grammatical patterns that you
have studied in beginner's and lower-intermediate levels; you should become accustomed to
listening to them, too.
@ Understanding the feelings of the speaker (Units 04 . 05) : There is more than one
expression that can be used in a certain situation and we express our feelings and intentions
in a number of different ways. This section contains listening exercises focusing on various
situations so thatyou can memorize avaiety of words and expressions.Youwill also practice
listening to fixed expressions such as salutations which are usefirl to know.
O Step Z [End-of-Unit exercisesl
End-of:Unit exercises have the following three steps.

First, do Exercise 1 by yourself After this, you can check the key points to
-
see how and where
you need to listen and what you need to consider in order to answer the questions. Then try
Exercise 2 which has the same format.
C Step 3 [ActualTest Exercisesl
We have prepared two tests which have the same format as the actual test. The following table
shows a comparison of the numbers of questions in our tests and in the actual test.
N3
Actualtest This book
6 questions 5 questions
l0
.::!;':.:,:1,,: i!:r,::,:.rr:i :.:;..,::!::!:,::i:,1.
,1.:*:];:::il.:t :i::t! ji:,:.::r,!l::::l::l:;t:1
:t:i jt.:.::.:::;l t::uii::i;ti:!;:ii:r::r.:ri::r;
1) lExercisesl
lExercisesl have two sections: reading questions and listening questions.

You do not need the CD for the reading questions. You can check these with the text, so practice
reading carefirlly and understanding these questions.
You will need the CD for the listening questions. Answer these questions while listening to
the CD. There are different types of questions such as those in which you write the words you
hear and those in which you choose the best answer from the options provided after listening to a
conversation.
Here are some examples of exercises for understanding the feelings of the speaker .
.,You,can listen to exereises with this symbd,. '
,,theCp. Herc,listentotheGD and considar

the ens to find tfie best answer.
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Herewe exphin.how,d{t,figl';i;ibiiLi. Fit:r!,.wOr*,thrOugli:,ith cX' Aiie€;
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Tr.k-bsed conprdensior exer.res

:r€ncEs dd qnesdo6;
can be done in thB following us. 1. Ltte, to briedns
Next, read the transcripts.
b es, vatding Frhtcd choias (bftes or illstudon* 3 Lbten
2, LGren
- 6. qlBdons .Fh, od choo* ihe b6t answer fom anong thc cioices. In these hd of_udr
ds, pade s.ltug ks!,based conpreheDston *erct€s d 3 doE e&. wl: FF, [*en to
* CD, md solre ExeEhe 1. You wit hde the scdtr &d hinr in 6e tolosng pagc, e Ft dF on
diry. N*, solw rhe extrd$s placti.ily hodse
in 2.
There are keys and hints that
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l2
3) Ttris book and its answer booklet
In addition to the above-mentioned exercises, this book contains the transcripts of the contents of
the CD at the end of the main volume. When you want to check the contents of the CD with the
text,use the transcripts, referring to the number on the CD symbol t f) I beside each Exercise.
The answer booklet contains answers and explanations. You can refer to this when you want to
check the answers for exercises or when you want to know how to answer the exercises that you did
not understand or for which you gave the wrong answers.
t3
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TasL btsed comprehension exerck* crn be done in the followirg ways. 1. Ltt€n to brieing
sentdces lnd qu€ilions; 2. Lbrcn to tds, wa(hng pinrd 6oic6 (knes or ilusFdors)i 3. Lnen
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The oudine of the listening test is as follows.
1l Test times
Lisxqning,
N1 110 minutes 60 minutes
:,l{$i,' 100 minutes 40 minutes
2) Range of scores
Level* [i!!S ]rS:,
f\lt 'v l\[$:' 0 - I20 points 0 - 60 points
3) Summary of linguistic competence required for each level

N1: One is able to comprehend orally presented materials such as coherent conversations,
news rePorts, and lectures, spoken at natural speed in a broad vaiety of settings, and is able
to follow their ideas and comprehend their contents comprehensively. One is also able to
understand the details of the presented materials such as the relationships among the people
involved, the logical structures, and the essential points.
N2: One is able to comprehend orally presented materials such as coherent conversations and
news rePorts, spoken at nearly natural speed in everyday situations as well as in a broad
variety of settings, and is able to follow their ideas and comprehend their contents. One is
also able to understand the relationships among the people involved and the essential points
of the presented materials.

N3: One is able to listen and comprehend coherent conversations in everyday situations, spoken
at near-natural speed, and is generally able to follow their specific contents as well as grasp
the relationships among the people involved.
N4: One is able to listen and comprehend conversations encountered in daily life and generalh.
follow their contents, provided that they are spoken slowly.
30
N5: One is able to listen and comprehend conversations about topics regulady encountered in
daih, life aod classroom situations, and is able to pick up necessary information from short
c0rlTErsrtions spoken slowly.
l| tpe of test items and numbers of questions

N1 N2 N3,'' 'N4.,.
. nl5
I Htsed Gomprehension 6 5 6 8 7
t hrehension of Kev, flrints 7 6 6 I 6
.qhnchercfion of Go*oral' Outtine 6 5 3

n
fbl Egressions 4 5 5
l
$runespo"se I4 t2 9 8 6
-fraa Gomprehension 4 4
fltffices of test item types

F
I
L
l@l H+asea Gomprehension: test ability to extract necessary information to resolve specific
I
I
hnq md understand appropriate action to take
I @)gfatension of Key Points: test ability to narrow down points based on necessary
I
;m$;rmr*rn presented in advance
t
i
r@ihll:bensbn of General Outline: test understanding of speaker's intention and ideas
fuquelltst
(@$hd E4ressions: test ability to select appropriate verbal expressions by listening to
mrmrn*trrces while looking at illustrations
l@ll E Fesponse: test ability to select appropriate responses by listening to short utterances
gm$ esquestions
t@,*ffreO Gomprehension: test understanding of contents through comparison and
ry.o of muhiple information sources by listening to relatively long text
3t
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At work and in our daily lives, we decide what we need to do next by talking to the
people around us and obtaining instructions and advice. In Task-based Comprehension
h r:\ \ ,t
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€-"11 o11dF "j "J€- A!61--a
oJ#Llrl.'il*ll ol"-,1 r i :]* "l"F'5|+F] +9-"J
X{= *ol-Er. slE},1-€rkl- sorl g "Jg gEf =Ar !qg -: o.,1.=.: ;36}=
E4l"JLl+.
EOFq:8ry td U) ^.,'ffi#
: : rrr,iTE#r nlaffi < ffiga Lt-l-, fff L *, : L lroeDFaiiiffi-r alca\rt=l kl
ir/.o /c 4. ffL+f <t6l:eD13. i-11*1'tta67: I A,) tt=/s->/:0 Li.t"
(prl> Err.^.6 [*ra DJ * lie&re DJ
Ertt*.bb l?A,re4>oJ - l?A,rs$ A,)
[c*arrv.-] * f">*.A*wl
In this section, you will practice hearing WE I /" ) (the sound of the kana "n"). When speaking, [.tJ
is inserted in order to emphasize the meaning of an ercpression or to replace tli or I fr by I h ) for
ease ofpronunciation.
ftErTtffiE+!,+F.nX "t-".
qTlql^.i= gg (t#B) l/-J g €+g -Jq+. "Je q +qg g"lE ,J4i;l7l +16l
==
ol t-A,lol EqTlTlE 6.1r, EJ6l7l €Zl 6lzl g6lq r-flr+ 7€g gol l-rjol gzls.Elqq.
affi
(frU) E ot>fi'bTto(
C
r,r( ( /i'd t,r"
tr
*r5eh'EL?.}
DAFir\(. Err{b??!\
6 t"-rr Dtla"
6 tZ6I=6651s \(. *5er,
ffr; TttzEtE
Js&rr D
(1) fi/sfrf /:-" fr>tL. hi#rFo'fi.

r7r /rt: b lrv."
(2) <0+6, <ot. * t: L<tiv.<.

Ith
(3) lrl:/.4*/et.ts&)"
t:
(4) Zao)t abrrl < bi't>/rLr,Ltlia.

(5) ?l,taa l)+ levrI" 6a
bl:L
LffiLv\oo
&rb
(6) Lt Dv.nF/eO('. /lx('ti r\
< J, L L/cI"
t\i tih,
Q) A: XD+/jr.b ->T, ?A,razl'-t I i L< !
3>c
B : /j-,1'. Svr&/j6O.
/.ljt' rf/"rfn
(8) i - /u, :omffi. 6
+*t>tt't2fgtt]-..s&).
(9) ?/'tsl:/c ( AZ"A-rb/u/rvr&"

JrZ ltt
(f0) BiBD13{vro Fi.c/:fa.
39
6r)z)'t,t :. L\ t' h/L t 5 trr r'
ffiffiAfc[>0) trF:ft =tE-E-
=rIr-r 'tIE, (1) / ffEE;E.MffiFE
E+ffii:tJ.. Z6Et#l*#;B (FJ ,'H o>Eo [:r-u:j"r:J) P,

Ff,
Atf#tr;+ (fiJ : €Fit*a < ( [v.6v.6] th) zJ:tc< E /-bv) *f. ^PVJaffi+
5 Ll,r -
{.il:ffif L
3 I < &t"/L(v)6 Ar, t)rt'A LEfljrf.
In Japanese, we have many #t*ffi (onomatopoeic words) which represent sounds that we hear (e.g.
[:f 11:tI]J for a rumble of thunder) and ffi,EQE* (mimetic words) which represent the way people
and things are (e.g. the state ef [v I I tr: 6 ] because the train doesn't come). These are usefirl to know
because they are often used in conversation.
fr iE +,H \P? tHP)F E tu1 " ilF

tz\ 8 F ffi " :r E :1" rl " ), #7F
id " ( ir fi * H! " fl/*id " ( lr
H+BE7F* +t+E H.W ffi "[ v. [ 1' t, Jt a" ) " 84id tr iE + HlF-tw*,+ffi ÊT+hffi
tr&HE* *tpfi tr "
fl.il 54= +g +4,1= gcq ( d : dEl4q r+= = (:rEl:fI] )r ) e+ ^l+

"Je.olql=
ol+
^lgg s+g +Ell-ll= Eil"l ( 9l : d;lzl llxl g:ol^.1 iql€+€ ( vr f r,r 6 )r *;14 )
g
7l *ol 9+q4. +"1 "Jg zli rl*9 oe "Jj1 ilgE €4'Jqr+.
"l
f,
3 h' L\a
.:-,.;;,',,;..t;, g 9f ffitt(. ( ) C; Ltfa=t\(< /:'{r,r" HE*zSrtrh'6lg
et ,,i$|€f,t
'' . 13
r\teA{*.
6r, u Lr
#*Tffid*
t-.
L x5"
r.6i:tli$i
(ffr) thaaEt*-B+
"t
o
( abab ) L<#st"->aL*.i" a
(r) ?0><cti,-tl:b. Fv.7rt- Fl: 1 ) <"f r"

o uottl :
(2) dlz$Lo)+ffir ( ) L(v.*f"
(3) nrffirr ( ) h,bnrx"
r. tt,{ r,' IitL
{."t) 4& /rirH FnA i ,. D, ffiri ( ) i:rs-r(3/:"
ia L 8t; rll 7/
{5) n-6fr b/evt$o)\I. ( ) E,biL<. !\ffiu /:"
L/:i'" (
,'< r:A
(6) ,.sAr.Lt* ) 6E=RL< ( /j 3v.*a"
.: .ir4 t, z' $ct <Z t5 4h'

I661Lr(.
et #!2-. A"T</i'dur"
"
(nl i gr o .E,L'>/: @ |nftzl';b bv' @ J:'-/ei.irpr.1fpr/j
6/:l t.t
illt i I e *'f bra
(Fatrrv' @ eGriffiv\ @
*{,
fiI$6/rHv.
b6
(2| I I
il
o-4.b6lrvr @brt'Dl:(v. o4r
(3r I I e.€.v.r @ lrA'lsT
C
@ ffiH
lrL
tzl'If (
tt
({} [ I e/:<3i, @ frfr.i: @
OLD
-Afc
(5t I ]
L,/-lfr.
C,L.HilL/: @
t:0)
+U/-fa @
hE4
Hv\/:
4t
**o) Fqt Bry U ( 1 ) -H#i,Uhff c rI
EAEF(ii. lfiLo+l [*irv. tsft) aJ i i:. ZorHiao>nrcZrH#t6tii-f a;+
LriLr(ti?
ffbv) *f" : tLtt@ffiFn:c 6lElDr. tfirrq -/:E) t:'itA,AA^\6 ffiry-l aI i l:
'f€v.*f. rfr.6. [H.&o t Stt:.W+t#.i-< ( /iEc /:fr,4) aJ)raDLF.v,W'l#
t2
gf rr*. l-H&o L 3 i:&+a #.2< /:'a
< = /:l iilrr afi',lAbrHllr,&ldiffiarr..
ftl&.*rmr.av. L *;i. rl *-rt/,. * /:. tffiHI oFJo>& i i:. ,Btiiffir+l.hXi#ffi*'
bb.Lba t)t'r" i.o.z: v tra'ii'r,Adffirabytififl.fifrB, :z:v l.02ritffi
<f*BtL*.Lri"
InJapanese,weputmodifiersbeforenounssuchas lfiLa+),Itir-v./rlE] .Thisisalsothecase

fot MffiFf (modifring clauses) such as lflirHa /:4] , taitraA-i bttf-).Therefore, in longer
modifring clauses such as 1Bffi.0> L * tt.W+t#.2< ( /j 3 c /:ft41 , we can't identify if tHii
at3t:&+t#.i<(/iSc/:lisasentenceoramodif,ingclausethatmodifiesthenoununtil
we hear the end of the sentence. As shown in the examples in the Exercises t $X B I , a modi$ring
clause can contain another modi$ring clause. In this Unit, you will practice reading sentences with
modifying clauses and in Unit 2 you will practice listening to them.
H iE + I* " +" " * tvv' rs lE" Bt+, E -,!-b AEI U H tr trAffi IE ffi trrq. E t+&A- e tAtH
tL o
EIUI&friEIqtfrEiA, Ftlts, "tLrtrH.->/:4" ". tt/,A€-\ bfr.tJfr". Wtft, l^ "Ht*.a L 3l:ff
+ t #. z < ( /i I c /: E' ts++, ffi a+iK tv tft Ei^ id4l",Z^nfi T\Fvtr, #i4f[ €trE
9E tu1
-a im H "
&.arcryryt#.z< ( /:'F '" /c", [€H*Mrfrtrffitrta1FlEiE" fr^, E J?frZl fr16tJEJ+ , H

fr\ Et + n FiE + tr € € i€
" # tuL2*, 2 i* .df+ 6t +, 4n oz tfr 4 Fn .d.t+ fr\ Et + "
tu1
dJeq"ll^l= ltLa)+) [*fuv.rrlEj e]'J"l B^t *q:7

B^]€ +46]= "Jol gl+qE].
ol= +4€ql^lE pl<lzlzl=. lfiirHc/cAl t;ril"aA^r6*!xJ 4 zJ"i #L]4. :7/]''E
lBtfr.aLSriw+t#.z< (/:3c/eft,+.) 4 rJol 4* 7J +4€ql^J=, tHita;L*i:ft+
t#.2< ( fi6: /:) zl * E*oJzl gg B^l +^l€"Jrl ulzlr,]zlz] Ezl 9+9tr g + S+
q4. E*, t€+r 9 qEql^Jzl=J +^lA oJql irl€"1 gl= a+E *+q+. Unit 01 9lr.l
+.1€"1 gl= Eelg gl= g+, unit 02 ql^]= €+g EI^]4.
= ==
EL J E)I'LLD)LJ( # IJ?d,LI
*.tffil:-T. e=AfgEftfrfrr6zttfEl l6Eit\(. Znt#EAL(t\6 t z6
7I
E_Ad1lt(( t'dut.
l: 0L * J'<
Et-' Kf "r (v.6nir#(v.6mtt.
ht:L
d,rrr+I-4 v L/clE a>ltf"
ILE IIL } O} L
#E E l-ltb? : fA&;d A,Au\ A )u& fr-( vr * f i'"
. |iln €"r/cv.6 Of.ffi.hf:1rr $ O. bza ?
* &) , 4$ lir.\
:T * /: c r,1.. = - L --E^& fr,a)Eir.l.z /:"
a (i a<L l,' ,'la *J lf Lr
r vaE < dlrsll Lv.&/jll L. dLAH i fj#6lsvr f. E( l#FJf {> /av."
L]6t'
OL ltli! tt. L a ri L :! l*/J

clc)ultiffivr(vr 6*1|.,'afro (, v\ cL x l3f 6tt$l:u v.(ff L/:"
43
*Le>aF,lffi
;R€4ffiHEomru|t. 4 rf"
Vr,tri
'IToiB
o fiir,ilHtrHrdlIaHt<.
@ EilFjdft(r'6#ffinh (x++ i -z t ) tarshtbtj€nfl<.
@ € i-trgFtr6Eflur(. F€fiitio:++5E€i*+lr* Enti B,si,
:o t* LEa)FdE-J clr. #Fe&ffirHffia. HHl.;tru'trrd,<ffiBa L* Lr i.
*f. CD 2ffivr(FdE t t&r'<a( < /:-fl v:o c3'ox- )Ez?
y hrr t) 71. L L
t u'ar''
b9 *f i.6. M*fiazy tcrt,h-* L r a " zab L. p"5Ez <'-. *Hl:FdEaErv.
L
<Jri. L r i.
Task-based Comprehension (-#84ffi) Exercises should be done according to the following steps. 1.
Listen to the explanation and the questionl 2. Listen to the conversation while looking at options (text
or illustrations); 3. Listen to the question once more and choose tlle best answer from the list. Practice
doing Task-based Comprehension ( -# Fg W M ) Exercises in a style close to that of the actual test
with the End-of-unit Exercises (* L EoPf,FE). First,listen to the CD and do Exercise 1(F{FE 1).
There are transcripts and hints on the following page to give you tips on finding the answer. Next,
answer the questions in Exercise 2fffrW2).
f{tr4ffi tr+ ffi tr ft,lffiEjtEl?ln -r .
Oryfinii,BEfflfEtlt.
@-ia€ifr?S-LFtEf+4 (t?EXzrHtr), -i2ry*8.
@Fry-EfE hl, rl.r6f+rF+)e-+FAtr F!6+.
1#tr€l 41r!nEfrU14i*-f+iFt " E#t*4" . EltEfi cD fiF\tfr4 r" &T-FEi{FE*E
Fll?frffiF4&R+ftrs, iEji+>l€Effiffi#J5 , %trffi*4fr4 z"
+4 ol dll Ed I
EEg 4+r+ A+q 4 .
O t+ €€Er+ aEEg E=El.

@ .J4Ell gts riqzl ( Ezl4 oJalle ) E Htr^.1 +Eg
==tr}.
CI r+^l * H e+Eg Er dqrl 6ql^l 7l+ 4€+ Bg _r=4.
ol r€4 E4lr oil^]* 441 oldllg E.4l= d41.il Tlvl+ €qi-e += €+g -J^14. +d
CD E E4l 1g €{ u-4,t19. 4+ qlol,zlq Ee+ 6JEzl 9l o oE Enl €olg
-S
=i1 ^rB
€g +E6J^14. :49 , i:412 ql^l d4E El]l= Eq B^lq.
6Lt:t\ t.tJL g Bfl/ I t,tt
d$tr ;OHHr{I, :f fElF"l6Hr,\(< t'dr,r" ?nfi'b;66p6r,r?.

1f 5 4A+fi'5, fr€ir\60)A-cit6lvT< /j d!\"
T0)
Bn
3- ff,l TrrEi < ?
a!r, tf
4- f,E#iBi (c
E,L I
45
bLtt Ut <j"t,t" HtJ bt/J UL o@...
ffir , *a^t,EtrriffiL(vr *t" f-DLttL"4) lfit|;teD->txEl lffiLt\trJ L. ec?rr
(z L.rt'*-*fi." (#L(r\*f.
They ue talking about colors such ff [ffit:ar.2/:
]dhLbi ,' €,.1 and lffLt,.ts,]
ba, JEfrabb<.Hc/: (:ir. 6i atrfl "ffi I./e /t' - t:8
.
# Lv'6", .**El^trfr&. "

"
el
( Lt, +
("""o lffil:/rrt'2/:&,1 t#Lv.€l 4a 4gq1 11;1r1
ti /"Jt] "J6li1 ""t+q4.
? futtF L;Ra6'v. * t/,. f Cl:ffi Lv. 6 o
bt:tt
M @...
L btr
L *o'E( CI lr ZL * f. lEl D {) OrI 4 Lv.("f 7 t 4 > htEa < ) l.'f 6 D t a Tr'+ Z< t\ *
'r"
it. She is wondering if she is going to choose shoes of a
ZZ,r,6 i rf ia" """ &>, : ia, CHfr lti/s/1' different style.

traEF-trg.tft-e{t+atEF!#"
"
->leaTtta" q4"J"l += ++E grl qgzl c46ln 9l+q
M iZ,*raaEl:l.", /:tl'i. vl o>OffiLvEr rl-
@...
f. abe>rctrEv.*fi.. lf :ldUl htrF4 2 l.T-{ " lth'aiV4 >
A < ) Eh\ Z6 Z Z. 8# Z*
* *rv''f f ia" L"i L i i rt,ta" &>, a ot'tf 12|,=6 tcT I ZOtrObA
I'fcht. &)EA
I tE:(tt*
4/$v.v.lrb" &)oi. @igaf+f 4>a;ir t"
ot rt'2-a$ vrvrA,(.f /." The key is [{'c if D ]. She thinls about choosing
M tlv.. tl.:: i
,'i? h'i!
&ff*ri$;
L I*6
t"ao>&E,a, rf. shoes of a difierent style, but then she re-thinks her
decision, and, in the end, says I io&aL>a) , refer-
tiAA *"'iE L-f bi'*:ttAv. v. t /j 3 * f ,r. ring to the first

"{' c
shoes.
" EE.fi " ii'ifr/l]!,aBd46g.&
^HE *,
rJ D
F ? ) Ttlt," ......@+ ->trf.0, Za'6.a6 o L
i.,i-( ( /i3v., QlrA" "
M ,.L:*4*L/c" [*,:lf D ] 7] s"Jtr"Jq+.4= qr]S19 ++e]

tsl+= aE c4*zl"J, += 4?g 7i.e 501e+
*,D 1-> L./t'i-* f 7)., ^l f .o&.0)$o) I
zljz "J6lr g+q4.
^ttEa
1. IED(a
r.4 bht
2. &i:Bi ( z
3. 7+f 4 TrrrE
4rr
j 1"c
h L/t 6rr
4. fE&rrlEi ( u ELI z l
6A.t:L\ t2th B&t
i O)F"lFET{I. * f
Znh'5;EAFq:r\(. To)
HF"l A
Z
h:t \( ( t' d r,'. Z LI:
t&b' $ct Ue
t h'6 4A+ft'b. F€Jr\60)A-cit5/1"7< /j {rr.
U $A r'rh h'
Efta i ?,(",t&ffi i
2. tls0aabt&'fr<
,'L'L ()t <t" b
3. *1I0> "
)vt:E#tt b
t'}| ifLr 6t'
4. tA {, LoWFfit:Rt Ez-t
u
E HE;E0) + T t*. fH+o)ft*+b p*tr XE l,(
: fcr), fc < A L Fql 3 fl
O€+FO+D b,Z'9.ze{:o€ryU,H ,r;l L<t\*f " l*4 > l'.IEfi4J,i("t*.
z a & ) lsld 3 fi hrT 3 6 h' t a rt, E;H1J,) *T " N 3 T r*. Efr L +O;ii,H"
E H A Efl 3 ry Zffrffit)r eet \ T A"
In our dail'r' lives, we listen to and correctly interpret people's feelings and intentions
rs u'ell as extracting pertinent points from large amounrs of information. In
Comprehension of Key Points [,$4 7 l.]8ffi1 , you can measure your ability to listen
::r the above manner. In N3, there are a number of questions for which you will need to
":nderstand the speaker's feelings and the reasons behind what they are saying.
- _ T -= -.' i. . i Jt 4',; E t Ffa rEffi {,J .T F!,t,ts {F H tr, /^'Ra, j .i. # nfr H E E
fi I H I
= -'
. -
€.* ryft4 " l.di € illrl irt €f + ftYh fi1. Ni +, 6 4W4 ffiH 4 :RD i{A F,f t#ii.i*'
==
-j. -:;' --?E.
:_ r'- {.i!}
..'::= Eort^re
r 'l lL
arr}19
o
?1tsolLJ gEE.- 3u}=
d*l rtl g.tF4+,
e-l E,'*l "*g
I d-S +ql
:: - .: ;l 4-q r:1,rlI gl;LlLi. .g,"JE -'.t
ol arl , qi ol cl 6J E-ltl /ltsdJ (l
^l =
:-:r.'- 3 (r6Lr rrL N 3'll^l= sl+9 g€ol+ ol+E
.- : r c H-r*t. gofE= B*llll- "*+q
=-
z<8L
EOTdSIilIO Q) ^,{EE
Z<Ah llitri
[c] r*< l-'fE#l Affi< ffiHA L*t" #'f L *.: LtfoHDfrAffiffif 6icrbt=f cl
ir.l,c fc 0, Ilft,q)Eir [-] tri$t> -> /: 0 Lg 1'" fr vrtt 6 0>/:AI:Et1:41r - r-,
6 L*f.
(ffij) Brrl6 [v.:gl + [v.acbJ
Ertt*.b2" f::r.6_J *[Lci.bJ
Inthissection,youwillpracticel-'fEElwhicharewrittenwith[aJ .Whenspeaking,[aJt
inserted in order to emphasize the meaning of an expression or to replace another sound. Some
words are changed for ease ofpronunciation.
tfr.ZlfilBF "c". ii,ifrFj, €BfXTSEjE*+i6liF, +tFt{Eg "->" , fr,#^HEffiE4,ll, "o" "
'HW h ( kE rt {FU.+ U+,E,F. "
[-l 41 2l= r+*({E*)r g g+g'Jq4.'J6J 4 +q9 9}']3 7t76l7l +16}"1

==
loJ zl 4E. €-ol lol E d6]7lE'Jq4. 'J6]71 +Zl 6]ejjr gol E6]7lE *q
=q7lrA+
4.
H':''&t,2--|,\6z,Z6r:ffia#1.,'r. #; zt#t#
A re :::T::.
,rt
(fl) *roffior'+, L<6*:v.Lv.&/i"t(" L z({>
(r) ZOTfi- l', f a'( /rf,lt7rt7ro l

f,a ( L. t-l aA
EN :EtJH#08-t1'l4vr(', Hi\("f c <atLlf ? l
(3I l+tt. ba&.t.- * 4 f&&Tv./c? jli.
(41
atr*Aa,
tiE*< (.
9iEL
th,
EfL( b /-/a.
Si-rr( 7)'1.
rE
(51 ao)i. ts.LL*+At:fizl:.
G rat( * i''
[6]
ft I
(?l ft. E;r. b*/:A
LiL.
?
(rl E,i.r.6 bDtP * f DO ( |t7rfr/rfr r

/li
(s) $i <z< bffib i fi'"
(r0) A. #S" +ttq iilsbu /c"
49
6 tih'u' :. L\ fJL r 5t,t ;.
ffitrflOfca>A trEt =--A-
=4!
lE-l .
trF,Q) .-,r{ /NtrF
Tr7=tt.
6L6 LflElffir:-/:i L tl'rrF4;f l: ts-.,c4rat fl!:il;*l LrytN*-f fffi=*uffi

< ). +ffii.blFbttlcc- LIJ'ii/: <e/-b r] *frr. ASbHR6. 6 L aaLlJ'r.t,
E b "c ( L * c ( v. b a t g:?4 v' T -f . C D a,fFJEl 6 \ (. g 2 ffi v: (.c.imrrb r. 6 j

Efl v
i l:gg L( ( t-3v..
ttl'Xffil (loanwords) refers to words which were originally foreign words that have become
part of Japanese (these do not include Kango (words of Chinese origin). There are many words
of English origin, but many of them differ from the original words both in pronunciation and in
meaning. Listen to the CD a number of times, and practice listening to the sounds of the words
in order to identify their meanings straight away.
IRftfttfi9fr\-,}-lidirArtEliFtrrll "rl*'#" (ixi€irlhfl'). H1W*iAIRAEjEiE, ItrEXhE

iE tl *iE D) tr, E€ f r H,E #FT lE TtrX fr\ rd " F eEfi cD tfr n, H Fl f Efl EngtEfi4HB "
g4l e.l+qH'l 'J"l "Jts"lzl € 49 194"lr 4-z PE'LI4 ( aJzlq=. 4lel++). €qql
g.ol glzl"J, *gE 9"lE 949 "J4= Fgq4 4+71g#qu}. CD€
^l 'JEqd 'Jol
qEld , €.9 E_r 9"lE .J + gjE+ €+6ld^le.
=q^.1
g9ffqlrr(. ) {:; t rf t#v,< < t'd u'. #pftrrb fi, b rs
(
trE1 tt6t\ D L"t ta
t\f86{*, #Cfffid*L*i.
Liir'L'
ffiLr. ( t 2.tt- ) tfrfl'lYL*f.
E#aL*ar ( ) 0:ov.<. Â*ji

rutAL* L/:"
ii^.tlt'
2 ffiia /: L 3. fr,+fi\ ( ) u< < /:'3v.* L/:"
i3 i. a.- n2Ea :r r'
l'EIl_- {
ifrfilr,:>ItlL(v.6 "
:l:
i4l :,f) ) r,:6-26Y, ( ) ir6 bi-*.t"
_
)t(
-a!._
,, 5l t,'21, tr tf(. (
) L(a/:v."
,\i/L t\ /' $tt aat) bh,

CD Afq:t\(. I0)H[*L t(f €iEg fs*:@tCh' 5@O+t' b Z6
Jgr E2 /LT < t'd ur.
o:t:. I.h, ll/JL
i ! I l6eblF*t:ffi6ffiv./:
lilil)tr
3
d;t:'' - r' L:'L /:0)

2_ H&rsltsXt:ftSA*Fl"/j
- o:r,:' 3: i' Tl-t)
O tr&rslE4tr=F.ffi&zJ'Il:-:
rLLillr t 'rI : o;JEtrBHfri./.6

"-:.:'( C il/t
:t : o-FlElt &irv.6
i_h 9 -)
.-:,;,( h't)
J
- : oFtEttij#iri'/.6
a 9x:i if Lr ,\
'D rii il ,ft l-r. rOT. ffiTt o>tkilit4.i-/:
:' it I- r rot, i):-)
Baiir,:Ii
rr
< at trD/:
:4 ,' t::i Lt'
a
t {t I- I ro-r. ffiTtt 6 E &*.i-/:
IL
5l
(s) t I ehifruH#.
t'o)ti x 3 i\*i,
Hiri'1.&.ror
t.i,!li ,'
@ ffik ..J'ftit. EIJ*.rrA.h -: fc
8r.t/, L0 A ,'
@ {E4lrFiE,
'o)Ur il[DFrr*.b c tc
rt't-tr l.(t.
(4) t O A#tr7ft L(v./:HH r \ffi/t'->tc
Vrrl, 4Ut
,lt.s t<t,' ur'/" ttij

@ A#ll+tL(v'/:HHI DF< lt lt,-s/z
,'t.$ j-rrr ut)'L s
@ A#fJ?tL(v'/cHffi6 r i L"-eKir.a /:
(5) t
AlJi
o trrbL(. l€*[:E*tJL<Lt
D$*ri B:<
->tc
A lJ, tisili t\
@ FLh L(. E+1"ft11'is7'-7.
hltl Ue{ri } r)r=.t) .
@ trrf L(. {g#rr*St, cle b L l:$ft1:9v.7.
52
g
xlto)FqlsryU e) -Hlrai#;Hd Czl
f;E c DAFq:t\(. HE*rrAi $otLbhT( /jdt,t.
(fi|) t 3 I C ): r5/-ii4EAlr( L/:"
a v -aa,l*H!4 &rs 1L/:"
I )= raz-.,l*HHtL-;/:.
{r} i i,':1. t'6)l EL L6
e fl.1* ffi o+tEla'6 l: fr>trf /e"
'.'si. ,/:L l*L L6
t W ttttâ+t Elit, tr: brf /c.

g r€-;l ltj"
4 tr+aHa /:"
,'
ilitt' ,'
(2il [ t ft,+ttYff- 16$vr/:"
.€/!ii(. r.6 D t
2 fr,+.ttL,t- F A 6 a -F,iftA,ra"
t.':- 1..6 L' *
3 Atr L,ri- F a 6 a -qffi/-li"
:r( Pif e, t
ffi3,0 [ 3 fj*fl /-lt lll E 3 l" l:Av' i3*/:"
Z bEFA,lJv.f&zJ'->/e"
?=r t?( 6 r'
3 um 3 /-tJfiE8 l"l:Av.l?Tt->/e"
i i:i t't' t :i
fr(tili I 3 tr€tiA=#('El-: /:.
.; !;: ?* /j litj
g trFlrilJ E 3 A, [3Efi Li.lllc"
+t: n't.f V2{/\
3 um 3 i,rJAffi("HH L/:.
Ft- ir<tr. Li Lj ,'
ffismr I 1 alr Lra 0 a, , L/:.
â++.tt.fr*B&H
,r<.tlt' n/:L L j h'i L
2 t ts9 ar zoY+.rrf*f:fr++twt-/:"
=
rt- tt- ti L j h'L
3 Elr t t0 a, ,
,J<
L/:"
<{: â++.t&fr*B&iE
,l L
3 t > 5 i,ltElr' b *.'H+Af.+z ( 3 /:"
€
ffiif,flr I
<{: ,. L
I +2. 5 A,ttElr. 6 *j++A++.r
6
( 3 /:"
n'L
3 +l, F A,tt'rr v 3 /,i:*j++a a*tf b
"
)- ;rZ llt'
ffilTilr I
oiDr. z i
9 ZaVa |J66ts#,tftete "
13 i tit lfr.'
3 fi*lf#olbl=L2/."
53
*LetoF"lffi
,f'4 > l. IgffiFfiEoift;/Lil, U,TOE q ac-f
Urit*i "
O fitt-EHEEX LHFfiXU H: < "
@,r"-xd)Fprr:. i*iin[a;nc.
tluf;( L
@ EtRffiA-H,Arr56IArd<,
@ € 5 -trHF6r6Fq:r\2. fffiin*io>+rr'BF€iEtJl/s Eztz B,si'.
./) [* L EoFdFE_] rri. >t4 / t rgffior"5FEa. EHI:;6 v'y,,a&< $FH t ut u
r ). *f. CD amv.(F{EE t&64v'<h< < /jeL\o ?8a;^<- rtt.+r't) jl tu
>trt:;a0*trt,b, fu*fia3yt-fi\^*Lr ). <o>&>&. FdFEzr. Effil:pfiE
L
tffiv'<^*Lri"
Comprehension of Key Points (ff4 > I'&M). Exercises should be done according to the following
steps: 1. Listen to the explanation and the question; 2. Read the multiple choice options during the
pause; 3. Listen to the conversation while looking at the choices; 4. Listen to the question once more
and choose the best answer from the list. Practice doing Comprehension of Key Points (,t4 y l.IE
ffi) Exercises in a style close to that of the actual test with the End-of-unit Exercises ( * L Ea;Fd€).
First, listen to the CD and do Exercise 1 ( PdE 1 ). There are transcripts and hints on the following
page to give you tips on finding the answer. Next, answer the questions in Exercise 2 (Pfrffi2).
E,fr}Effia+trH F!EAJ|F]?fuT"
Ory,ft7X,iH,BEfrtEtlt.
@*B'f++FHl'Hli*ET+4.
@-EEr{6tH!it1+IF, -i!ry*B.
@E ry-EfE "1, /dit++lF
I + r$-+trAtr Ft6+ "
IHEEtÂrEEEACh4lA-f+iFt " ,84tfr4" . EJi"EIi cD ffiErfrZ r" T-F€i{ft4H!*B

y+rtEffiEE&R+Fm, Eil+Z€ffiffiffiWr5 f*trffitrt*n z.
,
E4g 6Eg 4+r+ a+q4.
s.oJE "l6I
O tl+ €EEr+ AEE9 E=4.
@ .Jrl cxl;l=. F"J"I d4zlE 3l=4.
@ dqzlE HE^] EEg E=+.
@ d 4EEg El d4zl +ql^l 7l* 4€* Elg r.=+.
trl^l +
ol rc4 E4L .il^13 s.tE ol6119 E4l= d4ql zl,tlx €4=. += €+g -J^14.
+d
CD E +41 1g €iq Hd^19. +* qlolrl"l sl=71 glgo=. Eril +olg a
=7 ^rBEe+
€g tlE"J^]4. r4* , F.4lz ql^.1 dnlE E4lE Eq B^1tr}.
6Lf:t\
*f
La$A. E
t( ( t' { t. zafr, t. YFatnf;(
- 0)F'1FET[1. HF": 6Fqlt, t, rt,
FilE 1
J
t#,/l-T< /;'8t\.
f ch,L
FHt;E+F":hrf t'lst. 6ALA
Znh',5;*Afq:L'f
Lr.
. lo r
1&fr'
teh' $.t
$ct Ot
lI 6 4 A+h'6. E€ Jr\€0)6-c )t 6 A"T < /-- 6 u\"
*; F:i
t. *&t -'
trD /ti'-> /:rt'b
ael :': J L
f 0)îr#ffit 6:
"'=
2. L i: la o fez|'Nt
fi: li O: :;- lio:,lL* iit (.|
3. ffifi L LO#ffi*rrE D B t: rs.lert, b

&i i. c ^'-:;-"-Z A't)
4 - lEAo)sG*t:iiarrrt\-lr\brt\ b
EZI
I.
l;
l,
L}
t
Itt
'f
I1
I a'
ll'-.
(
F
fF
It
r+
lp
F
rl
4L: U L hhtt t.f : li lr hLtt UL
o@...
nDLL.h,a^t)tffiL(vr
I r-a
t?. f|ai\t*L.i L< ZALD lffra*hsRhrehtctcJ (= l-*tl#
'lf,.y> fs ht c fd) tr;? t \(. iE a I E ? f t \ :f !."
ffiTtt{'e>kDTtrt'" Her answer to the mmt question, f tr &-'/t W.tt/tti^c
:-lvtl2t.. ?f L I r:i r\ /: J (= you couldnt get time offwork?) is that time
M +E X, ffJ*tW.<ffiftrf.t1< l"C L J
t\
? offis not the problem.
D.?i ( A,ti">rJ ? ' E ffi ih" 6 4 A:Wtt/t tJ' c l:" ( : "
*tl-h: tr dt lr -h' c
t:. t:"), kt16il'7 ts+]g*"
F &>b" Xtrt, <tL, fivl.tr?ts -> t, p -> /:a" Bzl9 |tt4rr{[.llu*tJ'c/:) (= tclrl€€i
M Z? eftaAWZutart,->t:? 9.94r ) "il rlidlol olul4a "J6la g+qEl
@@...
.
F @ei ur av.arrr r', HX*rHl J#*&-r a za z t $a ralaa lr* tE u E r;/16l

aL0:tt->To Et\ â
a Z ET't ht ?*r€iEa t=: (L r * f .
It':ltLt 0 r:a n'5 The man sap, [Err6.l , which mems, in this context,
M @f${6rt L fft1Tir6/r. 6 <, .; /: oi.. "to be on the same day''. However, she says that it is
F' a.,' oElaEHj o"t. ( 6. fi1.$1u. a 6p not the day that is the problem either.
H*I|F, "&rez"
i t,',i! r'i)
Lr J: € "lElDEt:AA" ffHE. iEt
t H. - fe 0, *EWtr:T-r - /: 0, t:1fr,v, t &>Lf t6rITB+rE#.
,'r?
/:0....... @Js-dijil" *zl7l "Je [Err6l fag Bol gr]r 4:. *
olzl+, r4E =
M rabttl.ra" * a, ffiqiw*.f:ttrf bfi't." "Irl4a "J6l"z 9l+qq.
@...
F: < 1tJ" l*r$rrhj albz bt"E$t nr $*t " < a
Hiit; lffiEHal lt6HEtt< J tstZEc
LIL
6 t lD z t<t .
bLb O r:a -Ct \ lf 4rr E. I ts#ht h'h'
ka li L' i l-<ffiti t + i>tco)ft lt " She omits the words after [*j#iria]
J
. She says, [,EE

tF ) I md t+6Hi:{- < -1 before this, so it means
,'r'
?3- L
1. a +I" t ffi a> r& zJ, -> lc
"it will cost a lot of money".
zJ' t> "Ferria" trEfi FrAAffiT.
hl"k Ot U.:L EtffiiH!+E4t "EeA
2. 4 o a: " "*EW.I:ft ", t-llEH€ "j3#rrr.r'6".
rrffi ilE-f L i: rs 2 /:fi, b H )
rr$+irtar
< i9f
I)r.i @iCl" ticakL* *j/J r) I g+Eol c+gq g+q+. rd

3. ffiTt LF-âffiMfrrrFJ D B i: ts -> /:tt, tt ql |IEAH) t t*EW,G'ti| Fol4l
"J;.].2 g
@)CL U.al'L* o Eg f E_ol E4r l_ F"JL] rl_
,'?l
4. h. i: fs arrr.r. u r. n
ô;ffiM;t
Ez-I q l
gL/:t' ,.L28'tv 3 vf,
{et I fiaL t .t
t#,A"T( /-.dr'. "=Fa.E+Fdhtt)r)*t" Zftr'bEEtf;:r\(. T0)
U. h,L Utz
1
- rt?' tct ot
h'6 4A+h' 5. E€Jr\€0)A-2Zb/LZc< t'{tr.
€AL f,\
I . RfttN,Z/:vr/. b
^ t -rJ*
2. *[Eri&L)r\ 6
3. i 63v)r.B
4 . 4qtrrffivr/.6 Ez-t
56
Afr AfHl < e 8, fil',feb t*a* 4. f,c' f,c' * r) t -iBfrFt 6 L t \ a ffr 3 f, A L * f.
,\!\li .J e,t,
4 Fq1 3 fr Tt. [ffiglgfi+l t*. ZO&a trJ T 3 6 h\ t
B: S
tJD'
a h\ &)F]J 6 f,1ffi
T-f. l--#EErSfi4J p l^4>
, i:L\
t.iEfi4j 8Eu\.
Lrtb. ff# Lf \r"1FE[-/J:TLr*f. ^yeF#<Hft-HF":f;Fql[f/a
\Ve don't always pay attention to every single word the interlocuror saysl somerimes
ri-e just listen to get a general idea of the subject in question and whet the inrerlocuror
lvants to say, In Comprehension of General oudine tB*FigE4 ] ,

/ou cilo measure your
ability to listen in the above manner. These exercises are quite dilicult because it is not
po,sible to Iisten to the question before listening to rhe conversarion as in rhe que-rions
in Task-based Comprehension [".Ri.ErSEiJ or Comprehension of Key Poinrs * I >
l-,48?
jti,Jf rtrEr./,.if.iFFl. tr+ REJtqltS{filr!X" --P trt ("j{. \.\;r:,-'i-.
It . g rs fi4 " lft{i{ g!,i,rr € tr ifr EE EI|E T j3 f f !
/t #,fff ,r!E Ht "'fqfr j _='' i.r + r
=tfiL
1ltq-fr#" "E,frtrjfi+" ' =,
6tr, lEj&/tEliG.tr*i'iir,t1.+!+€t,rl ol.tI. '-..i.dr=i-:,.lit!
1
-r i4ftrtq(fi"
ololzl$ ql , +4=-g ++ ql€ ol6l6lE^J E;Lttri. ii4zl s9ig.,j

=g
;l-a {e<l , d;i4_g__tr_ +E.ll EtldHC E6}r ?=,.l Fg ^J4dl-=
izll.9 ol;llr:. olq+ ETlzl zl-r;a3z1"l€xl€ =7l"jqr+.
+4loJLlrf . ig4i olailr
el'I.J.F ol.'l], el,*al . g33 ts'l 3"ll gE3=€6}=
-J€: glo EE Eri q.lg
El9+qtrl.
=,rl7l
EoFd8ry,U (3) ^-,?offi
H*ttr,bL.c.*ffi?t$ffi9'6',:d>t:qfr.*>*t<, H#r.t *.-/:r. LtJ'i:,16a L116 0 *'f "
z<bL tti+./,
v) *.t. .of i t:. E+=ffia++BUrrB (ffiH. fdg. H#l lr. -#f L 3. v. bv,bfe
Errrypo(v.*frr. lfr.l:6. Rrr4?, birAfi:&)E tf" :a(''l*. Htf e, ?0)
llr.o E * 3"* rs#a*.lV,tffi < ffiB t L i.t.
(Pl) Err,^.6 [Dc L.] - [Dv\, L_]
Ert\*.hb l?afi'l
L],9r(
- f?'cl')
AWetLb lttA,t a tt") ' ll,lA,t lt:l
FE are also used to emphasize meaning and can be inserted into a word which does not originally
have a FE. FS can also be 'f,EE ot can be dropped in order to shorten words. In this way, these
specific Japanese sounds ( ffiB' 4EE, F€ ) change to various different sounds in conversation. There
are also other sounds that change. In this section, you will practice listening to :F€ and various other
changes in sounds.
i T 9E iEH+.H.*H, A ffi trJ Utr#*lLHKE F! iFJ + rr,^,KE " fi ,1, H H! KFAAFi,fEE, A'
F{X T ffl fdii,fri6 nKE . ln t Ffi.d, B iE + ffi E,}-b++rÊ (f&8. {EE. KB), A* pmifr,ifr Eia
k +&ffi *(1, " WrlLZ, l, IH fr tl - e F.e B A F!,F /n " ft.gtrtfrz KE &H E &ffi +A H! E q "
Efr
**s.9"1€ 44i;l7l g6lq ^l+g"l , ar*ol HgH "Jql EqTl= 4g_= g#,J4. e
+, *gol ++ ( {EE: ) "l qz+ "Jg 6}rI ;}4_r zr*"1 gqzl= a+E g+q+. olx.l,J
'J+qg +€+ g (+g (tr#), ** (ieE), *g) e "J-J "i "i4 €"e tr6lzlEl, r g
qlE *ol H6l= aol gl+q4. qTlql^J= *+r+ r e,lg +"J6J *g Hsl= E= €+g EI
L-]4.
SireilEl-7d*tre/.j"
CD tfq:t\(. E7$gb 2<t \6 t Z6 EfiAttltr(, Fl; ZteEtE
tBt r,r(( t'6!r"
(fr) fi# 6fif El6 Ec < 7alib a lab
"
<Lt.)bt
( 1) A. Sf,gHfLB s a /co t l
Ql JitfltbtstuK,
+,
a>tuEa 4f vr/ab. t l
ir. ,r t\ri't.
(3) ;otFE[, {, i _-.ElEftLr/3o
4-
t l
(4) A : fir. b, ?.rrig a /-/ii."

B: <irt'" hzJ'-;te !
(5)
t':t ilt.=a
+. +&T# Lv.*Ifii ?MWL
hl:\
^^tii ( v' 6. Z Vfi
rE
LoUt, iJ
(6) 3c 3+fiirr*$*l 0 t.l-tz"
Et. Lh t t'
{7) 6 i ro tlrl L"('F ,q tt "
tt E l.*,'i
(8) tAE E A'/s b, /c-> /:4ffi -> le L. : A /j I.
EA, 6
(e) ?o+fe b, ab balefsrcE,fe !.
(10) i'/*taA,rr, b t cL *JH,4L Ltvra L rr.
I
59
L :..
,++-=
6*)t't,t :' L\ h'/1" :
ffiffi7>ha>0) E-EF'#<Bn (3) ^,iFE=E (1)
iH;+lJ. i€#o>YttittriJa <, iftl^h 6Hi(r,r1317r L. ffiv./: L * i:HRrtbfi,0

*rr/.,,. */:. tElDBrHffir'e;14;t @1, +'Azrei*l *.a6 L 3 , ?affipikba
X.l)'bt Z(rEg /r il i t i- btlA ttrutJ'A q *t /-. ?tttr:, *.*ttii;.< v.6 6 a (FrJ :
: (t/" z tlL rJlLo tlLL.,
fuW,/ffiFR, e+/kfu 6/:(ELerq *f" :az=v l.(tflElU=*ari€;i+. r-=.y
t- 05 Trrsi.,fl.r.rv.al4;Tiaqxrl irl* L/:" * t, t.t#,/-ri6*aij€;Tia.i- 6.5jfiF
HA L(r.5, ffiv,(&Mt6#*H & L* j-.
To master Effi , you need to memorize both the structure and the readings of the characters. If you
dont do this, you wont understand the meaning when you hear them. There are some i€i$ that have
the same sound but different meanings (e.g.*F,/EH ) and you will need to select the appropriate
one depending on the context. Moreover, there are many words that sound similar (r.5. fuW.,/ ffi
tlp.' tB+/ft'E ). I" this unit, you will study rEF* that have the same sound, and in Unit 05, iHFF
that have similar sounds. First, practice reading the sentences and choose the appropriate iFFF.Then
practice your comprehension by listening only.
inigi-"], zFfi.qiE'ftin?fr\fli, tr4its{t^Hi*ix, 6fltjryfljB+FjfiFj,f4ffiZF.aerilffiH,tr*,E.. xf

fl4E+xHliri€i{ (Frl\a:4tr,/8ffi), Fr,r.tTx*flBr^HHE" f,.aHlt)fr\t4 (Frlgn:
m_H.,
t:-iw &H1F.-4 " E+Fnt
fuvft.,/F?W' )E+,/ nE*w.i€irt, Fzc os tfr,z p,EMa)FliniEE.
J6l&t Z r, i*EJA, Ef+EgFliniFid. fftrffi4f;l z, t#,If,ffiH,**r$ffiqH"
*zl"lts txl9 €4lB"J olqe} 9l= HE Tlq6lxl 9+oE EHg 4 r 9"1€ "J,.l x*q
4. E+, A+ €.olzlu.! elulz| += +zlq (ql: *F,/F:W) zl glg "l -,t dF9 EzlS I
46I"J 4€+ qg EI.l'} . Alqtgol ul*€L a ( q : fr.w,zffiFil, &+,/ft)E) E *
=4ol
ol 9l+q4. unit 03 ql^'l= ag gg *zlol , unit 05 ql^l= gol Eli*
*zl"i€ trl+H+
q4. +d, Etlg 9r. 4€* aJzlolE -tr.== €+g + +, flE+ ol6l]6l= €+g *
qEl. =r
.s% I .tr46si T ,rL :
*.t#,/LT. I+EH( < 6tr=;FAO@h'6 iLb A..T ( /j{ t,'.
(fr|) f4*t/..,rs { oe;FJ @ f,'frU l &v'/cfi!t*rlA,r.. r@l
(r) aCIi\trr?Liirstu1-, 1 e.a.*ll. @L\rN l rfia" tl

€/'ltt. L."ti /"L!i i
a
e) fr4LrrHdFolcd>, +EoifXlJ { O*€.ft @fFfff }(.f"
U e Si
tl
(3) J*/,a.e I @ffi)J @dfin l L(f-((/iEv.. tl
(4) zo) I @* @ffi t rtLffit$v.r(/j8v.. il
(5) B+ffiB { O BEd @ i l:ig6L( < t8v." tl
^+
t$ rc coa*r'.. ffHr=f;2 <a##tu,'bzb/vT(/i'drr"

[m I oaEt @a$E I rel
(t) | O EIH @ NEH1 tl
(r) @il*
I @ ffit* tl
I [r] I o,t+ @x# tl
[{} I @ *rs @+H tl
I t5) I O E,L. @ F€,1. tl
t
t
I 6l
r
t, zz .LJ A
X;*OFql8H,t'J (3) -{F{q. F.H.

(-() frrtI6/$6a,/<tla
tA^\8 +a I (&iL). [Aî btLb ) @b. [A-i( 6 r, i.] tA-r(6 rf h ) (fuii.ry:.+
blf 7' ,/ 6 ,' a ,/ < XLb) L v.-2 /c;f{tJ. Hv.(f <"i: tt*Lnr_l tttrLi:l Lf:art,
tE.ffit7aoItWLv.L,H,v.*f. * /:, ?0) [L/:a L t#ftll l*. )ttUv,a L/.,
v.f /r a L r. fr 4 Zts IJ fur,f ts D t. t /-. - a (.tl. * f , t/Lrr Lftfi' t ffi < $FB t U<,
z a bL . Aff a; g *t,tfull+4fi 77 v,zt, z btffiH t u *. i "
In [€-\Fri6-] (IFIH , [A^rDf.-b) (*.H) , [Aî(6 6i_] , tA

sentence patterns such as
'i(6 tf 6 ) (ffiAilf Y,,+ fr>lf b,/ ir ,t a ,/ < na) , it may not be easy to understand who did
the action to whom straight away. Furthermore, we have to consider if "what (s)he did (action)" was
a good thing or a bad thing, etc. In this section, you will first practice listening to who did the action
and then you will practice rephrasing the details of the conversation using lfrtf-. or *.H .
"A^rAt6' (IFIU. "A-i btrza" (Wr./), "A^rr 4) t' a " "€î(6016 " (t)Jra17Y:, + *,
rl'6 I {> r, j r (1L6) +h14.., qftrgfsi.4tlrLffiF-rqx.lrqffin\-6)J(Fa11"t&fl\" Fn-tr, trg4ffi
fls + tF E+-\ H x. trE+ ,\it' ,tr ffi . AB e, Jtrtfr 4 Efi ft1FI&fr\ dr lF, ffi tr 2fr z Ifr H IL1prtn +8.
^Jr
ax$&+irtF!86"
[A^rair6] ( ^]sl ), [€^r6 rLb ) (+F ), [A^r< 6 D, J t€-r<a tf b ] (F^]i€ +

frrtl6 / { ba I <tua ) 4= E€g El rizh ri+.ilzlr + a"J7}= E}ja ol46}= ag
"lB4l C48JL]+. E+,:z t* a (F+) t 2 zl* "JoJzl .de "J"J4F C44ol EL']tr}.
ojTlql^l= +d izl aJ 4"JzlE €+g ala:.4€..il olslg .j+g ^lq"l4 +*'o=.
==
Hl+l "J6l= €+g -JqEl.
::l;::;:;,;;,;,,1
g:*l c D aFq:r\(
=
. f nhrl,ljnt,=uf;h'te@n'a z6 /1,7 ( t'd r,r.
?*/j f:
(Ftl 1) { O ilJEe/- (D
lcJt'
H+ 31" l ,r5FA L ->/co tol
f. ttl' L T L,i,
@[2) { c il83/- @ E+a/- l ,r5E AL -> /:" rel
(&1r3 ) I O ilrE8A, @
fc tth'
m+e z- I
LPI-A,
z)rgE A L .c /c" f6-t
L€-
62
(1) { C+i>A/'" @+A34, lrtîv&HLl.e" t
(2) I efi @1i+^ l irHriX./:"
i/:L tl"tl"\ ( 6* *i e/- @r'tet- 0)
!;l ,i'L* 4
tL&#t F,Ie" I tt
A.iL l*it :*
(4) te* @E lrrE6" t
(5) I e 6B13A, @ df a /- I ,rAA++z
Bk
( 3 /:. 6
t
I
r6) i e ilrTAA, @ ^FE
3 &i
(EWE /- I ,tv. DUD/:" t
: t- ff * ir( t\
r7) i 3 fiF8A, @ I ,r [6Ll:tliEittrv.("] L.E->/:"
ffizlc8& t
l: tth' f: tth'
{8) i e FA3l"
'- i:O
@E+A/- I ,t { C l'AAl" @E+3/- } vg
=.
ftSAffi/-/j. It
tt\ t2 L\ d, i
f,82 C DAFq:t\(. *Ff;0).e.-*t-6a +rDtD@h'626luT< /:'dt,r.
a!: oL h rll L JL /:a

t 9 I e Ear^l**,a Lr,l-itS&*F* ir-l:"
ht
rfrlt
hi.:: UL. bL: Lfl. L -t fcl)
2 *o; Lr,tHa Lr,:tLSa*F *tv/c.
e:: {}L blutt LiL
t
,'l,rJ
{llit I flo> Lr,tko> Lr,:+.i- E"rt/:.
:;,- tll $t: t_|t ,,rrr
2 k o> Lr,*H o E t /:
"
t.: Ot^t:4,i- blttt LrL h'fc
{r2il I t E at,,tlr/do )\0) ts t 3 7 t Hcry T fr>Iffe"
?;-! r}L |!J LfI h'tc
2 k0> Lr,tH O )\a.,sy 3 > & HCIJa- *>If /:"
e.: tlt bLtt LfL 6Ei t'
il3tt I 3 4 a; ;\ lf Aar ,,\ l: it,c.* 3 *r./: "
t;-': OL 8t: Ll& ,$i t'
2 ko> Lrdry o,,\ t:itH 3 irl:.
(4lt I T
;.: O t-
4oLttko^tt+/:"ri/:"
bLtt f-i L *
e;":: oL 6l: LiL *

2 ko ( 6 b ->/:"
'i.: ^ttHD
OL ^t?t+-:
b|tt Ll'L i:' * I
qlSl$ I 3 ry0^l*h,a )9,: E FB&Ffr* tt"
!.-: ob. b!: L)'& i:, *
f
J:
2 o H a )ur,: E -"-"1"&
ifi,* tt/:.
^tt
63
:F L bOF.lFE
#tF4ffiPdE a:ffi.tr1td^ l,]ToiE t] rf "
Vttzri
O lfiff,FHEE*AF:rtLtz(< (ElF"lIttffit'r/*r,) "
^
(D *tAfql <
L
(EfrffitIEIJElld fr(ur/rtr).
o EI F"it t E ? d)ff ft # 6 r': r' (. E{fi{r&o> +'r' aH €, f6ii rr E z ai b .si"
z o> l* L bop"lEl rr*. #XH t Lt L x ) .
MEwmrra+ea. FHI :^tv,y,,c&.<
*-f. Co 2ffivr(PdE 1Lfuv'<Jt( < /j6v\o ?Sa;x* tI.7r t jl. L L 7 hrr
bv)t fi.6. ffi!fia=y*.czJ'J** Lr ). <afr>L. Hffizr.
U'dl''
Effil:FdFEaffuv.
l:
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Comprehension of General Outline ( 8[44ffi ) Exercises should be done according to the following
steps. 1. Listen to the explanation (the question is not included); 2. Listen to the speech (you will not
be able to look at the multiple choice options); 3. Listen to the questions and the four options and
choose the best answer. Practice doing comprehension of General outline (lWF]wB) Exercises in
a style close to that of the actual test with the End-of-unit Exercises * L EOF"1E. First, listen to the
CD and do Exercise 1 ( FfrE 1). There are transcripts and hints on the following page to give you tips
on finding the answer. Next, answer the questions in Exercise 2 GfrE'Z).
Mg}Sffi B+FE H fr! E AJIFFiN I.

ory&nii, qE ( *E +inafE tlt ) "
@ryrEX*E (if i+tiqtrEFE++U) .
@ry+E tllfr E r&-f trAj6 HqA+ "
+)ft++fr , r,1, +
E trEt >lrn E i\frut 41rt-f+ifi " E tt"tfr,4 " " ftpfi co fi,Fxt*z r . T-FE i{FE F!*6x
+ffiffiffirk*+Em, EE+ Z€.ffiffiffi+|r5, *trffitr2*4 z
"
4-q ol6'fl E4l9 EEe 4+r+ A#q+.

O *E*€BEg E=+ ( €E+g rJexl *=4 ).
@ eEg E=4 ( dgxlY .Jdlql glxl g+ ).
O eEEq a zN$ {$xl€ E-r. dqxl +"il^l 7l+ 4€* 4g.g 1=4.
"l r€4 E4lr "I^.lE zlle olapg +4lE d4lql 7l4l& €4e += e+g *^lEl. +d
CD= +41 1g ol;l]aN Hd^19. tr}g qlolzlq .rBEe+ 6JEzl gl o oE +41 Eolg
=-z
s*g ++6J^lcl. :49 , +.4l2 ql^l= d4l.E E4lE Eq B^14.
;6Fdffi{1. €A,tz1\21"T E/vteltt\j ilr'tffi< F:ffiTf" -EfrO)Hf
V2<r/r lltt e
EgFpl 6 b r) *, E h. *,fFE 6 Fdr,' (
nb 6. Hlfr E E lv
< tr' 6 ! ro ?
U161"
Z 6h' $cL r.r'&

fz( l, arfir\(. t h'6 4a+h' 5F6trr60)a-2iL5A.T< /j tr,r"
EiL I t 4l
65
lf < tt' litj o@@@...
+4ltrff L<vr * f, l*ttj l#arfrJ l&L\tr'l tL\azZ.l{W
ttL l: ll,/! : bt
F : f,{tr H4;+tfu,& Â:ri
L(v. b /--.ctrtt, iH+rr
C
*.t L" l*tÎ*4\d!\r- N€f{: (J n,6l*.
r'6tf.&t:L'^,{ /} i'l: aJft uL n'/r za oH. zl tz) t \< # L ( r \ * -f .
-#k*.=ct" O#_8U 6 ffi Lv. Y, *'co)iH âE+
You heard the words [€ * fJ,lefi,&h ], lf€v.6j,
U I i'l: ^l':r i
#I=@--tfi,hfirtrft ( t kfr>"c<, Mlr.t bo)tr? but that is not the main point of what the speaker
It/rt a j' E n' ttt Er' wants to say. [f{ll4.iv.z:* Ftftc(l refers to
491:ffiH*:i'i'
2,'
D * f. f,l'llz,rN vri - hA how she memorizes Kanji.
fEa
trj ill,U
(, *t:1gg 6. "xt=6er5t h'f:
P@,fF_!rAA
i 4 2b\ i't:
*E+Sr4T "*3t" "ifi,\h" "tev'h' +,4tr
h' t/"L< bh' a tJit EB@AF^€iHifr/\giifil+4^6. r. "Au4. F
$vr(. H,Ha+ A l"r.<*F,r@H;i6
r: lt/"DA t6
g iG v. n - Ft&z (" +ffi , EB+l6ii,,f&,qr,fqiBit
L v.*f"
t<
n'h
L3 U* H4\otsliLtt"W+a
e
+ffi"
t* 3 ,6l lafr\h J t,ft',.tl += ge +e4 "J
?4 At(F-(6 6 <>a, ?l+tPbt.
f:0)
,#L E* d4ql^-l "J6lr d+ ag "ltsqq. [fdl*z].
.
^r'-:ri iv'n- Ft&a(l ql^l= ol

<fi4dftr3*fj" 6l= *H"l rldl^l "J6lj1 9+qEi.
^lelBol
6iJ4E 7lq
bi.& L! t tE ttt
ta h'/"Nttttt3?!\(af;
D j i'r:
L(v. * f *..
r . H+o-ifr Jt-hlz<>v'<
n'/r C /t' ilt
2. H+o€*fl:cv.(
n'/r C, tJlt h't
3. W+aH,Zh l:?v\(
,'/a U al' i'lc
4. H+o&v.Fi:u v.(
Ei, I t 2O 4l
6,i,/i0 t 6A.t:t, IttL *i.

L 0) F"1EH. t A. tzrr t l" T t ffi< Hgf f .
E lv ts taur & a f|
LaSL _Ett Z t2$h =tOAi
{:EIF":Hbtl*.8/1". *,f;=EtHurT <t:dL\. Znh'5. HF"i tE/r
z 6.tt itt ue
te( LaHr\(. 1 #5 4A+h'5F€Jr'€ Att:ci:6 tvT( t't ur.
EZ I r 2 3 4 ]
fjFFr\€ Uht) - €Sr;;ff: tev)t 6 t 3. fiLfc6'*.
,3?3,1Tfr->Ttt6
tr?o t ftrtr v6 {. Lc tr" t ht & 7 6 LT {*t \ * -f . z o I #lfrt-rEl,1:
t
r a 6 r, I . # a 16 i ffi r f " 6 L \ d ? f {n#."F

F,1
Tt;: :r::T 1 1:.'- ^

#Ef &.:lR&56fi. tD*rfr.h:Hffid *r* -f "
When we ask a favor or ask someone out to dinner, we select the best and most
appropriate expression that we know. In Verbal Expressions I t# ;fr t ]-E I , yo., ca.,
measure your ability to immediately select the appropriate verbal expressions according
to the circumstances. This includes expressions such as salutations, requests, and asking
permission.
n'iJrFie"-kEUAfflr-K F. ffiSErJAFZi(Hf . >GFJIil€Hl*ttrd l.,. l.lhdtftA

'l-'i*.'! -iF :*r-!' /trrlidr;7i-t tE'-62Ft:-qH,l.Gf f jE ,i'h+fr1j"';nE.d. ,'HuE1J7.l
=r. E'i.!E jg. F,.: jS,RIIirF"l T.&.dtA..
+q+ 6lZ1+ 4^l.i aqlg "fl +ul5g zltlol oJl g-= jtd + ol! zla) \
* €3zl€ dq6lol f;iqtr}. oJ rgE| _*.€r € *Eql *= g+E ule C4*
: ?1=^l "l€xl€ €= Erll?qq. ql^l+ gel , 6j7l€ +61= €-el _*.€ol
=
:,. =j ul rl- .
Eo)H try q @) ^,=fr LzL tfoF o*{v u)
i Llf-c-z/jll-f ltt <. ]f46. ffif L *. €/r/r (ls->t:t)*.t>c/: D L(v.
*t" ffiZll [A-i(v.*fl l* [A^r(*fi LE=(v.*f" €(. Fv.+f <tb
/:&)ff. Elt€.tc">(6H*d*hD *.t1". (..6. #f**l:$v.(6 bf,,t iEi or.
ffivr/: L * l:br.4 i: ( v.r.6 L/L*t/,. ::('.ll. vtbvtbts\Naffit t ta#a
ryrc,eH<#FHtLtt"
@D [(v.*f.] * [(*f-]
[/clllLtJ'A D lrvt_.] * [/r3+ (rrbrrv.)]
Ire ( (ilvrll&v.] * fA(6r (vrilr3pr)_l
t(L*a,/<Lt.->fc) - lLt.a,/L+a/cl
t-f *a < ,/K *sv'/c) * [L (,/Lv'/:)
Sometimes there are sound changes not only in single words, but also in some sentence patterns.
For example, [A^r<v'* f I changes to [A'\( * 9-.i . This kind of change is made in order
to shorten expressions and to make them easy to pronounce. Even though the sound changes, the
meaning does not. However, these sounds are not the same as forms written in textbooks, so they
may cause you problems initially when you hear them. In this section, you will practice listening to
changes in sounds in various spoken sentence patterns.
tr tl iE + T&F.EtFIJ Ftts lA, El 4.tL+ E tg{. 6rJln, hT k&ffi ffi . F&, lE ".4^r r, \ * -f "
i.i,Ft "A^r*-f". FF,f€E+EA, H,Et!,rA",fEE, fifgltE +j E{i.fi\trt*ft8tr&+\tt L
VIXz#TH , FfiU}MifrAEfrTEIfrV,&AAW E. 6Eg,
'AZEfrEJ4fr\EY,.
+q 6l+61+++ olq4 €-€g "Jg "IE gol SolzlZ+ EEtq4. el= Eq [€-r<v.
*-fl = [Aî(*i-] 4l "J-]a 9t6q4.*a-.J6l7l €7,t1 6]7i g"I^]"Jq+. *g H6l]
E 9"1= tr6lzl ?+#L14. 6lzlrI :r4,r.1q 2lq gl= €414 4e=E 5fl€. *zl qelg
"l
,lE EEq4.4zlql^l=.lel E.€9 "J* ql g^J6l= +el dsl= €+g Elq+.
==
co6*r'<, Hr:t&a.rr\6 tz6r=ffiaf,tr'<, fr.; znHt#
5.1
libl ffi
ffi rr((fdrr.
(fii) 6o 6r*z Krzl6 e " x,r (6
r'
(r) t,.!E:,i
*4f 8. H.i.(v.<
{,'lJ
< tu< erD rrL i"
r.:t + J
(2) *#ur(v. 6 b. a 6 /3# B. t/ ifr,l"actt/jD !
(3) A< E kb-:(#g(LAi.

:*
t4) ft?fu v l'&Hs(L* -;fcb L"i ?
7)'
tti A ,{
'(F)
H4, f?- r$ ( ia"
. tt; (6t lf,t' lt;
(,6) aCIm. Fo)+l:E'L("*str.( <tLb 7
)' + 1Lrcttu{f. E*I-f 6l "

a *i
l- F l:€ffi A#v.(Jsi,& ( f ti"
lD
ur, :i til;,aA, r.i

pr-r F7 v. 6 i +flt.t'#$*::r ( L* a (vr 6 iru
Liul, tI
[.- A L/:o$ffi t l-r L*..> (*"- 3 /s fl vro
59
6Jit t\ ; L\ ttr\ i oii lf /L
wffiaha> OE-Efr'tIE, (4) ^,ffiE=Et TN
-# L( v. 6 L * . fEf irF c ( v\ 6 F:6 il ffi H rr o> l:. fr ;+irt rl*.b tttc lcxD i: ffi 6trr4
ffir* /tlr'->/:Lv.r a L 6a arL r l. &;il**afi/)+rlfr.btu;ay7slv>/,r,
L*f"
Even though the content ofthe conversation is easy, you may not understand what your interlocutor
is saying because honori{ic language is used. Honorific language is often used in conversation so
you should practice listening to and understanding it. In this section, you will practice listening to
common honorific expressions.
€ Bj, ryE Fn x{F infr\ Ft trtftffi+, .f E E H f x+ n {g_ffi T tt:F*ffiZ".1l+wffi " ffii"E&+ irt + lfr.Ht+lp.&,
* I&t z E'EI&q:JW ffiftA?r4 fi 4 . AE g +kfltfr 4 w HH F! ff iEt d.
"Jala 9lg "ti trr]zl'J6l-7 gl= ul+g zJB*rJl= E+51.z 44zl ^l+qg7l ql+ql g
"lE oldlg + s,*."J zEs 9lg a"JqEl. 4q= gEl +q ^l-&q= 4*zl y*o oe
=r
"lzlql^'l= ^l+ L6l= Aq s.€g E= g+g *r]4.
ol61]EJ + gtE+ €#Et^]4.
f&1'
C D tFq:lr\(. ( ) o)+E;t{fA€rr((t'{lr" zLT,
n\ alJ,
{frh
ffiE 1 ('r\; L\ e] *h'
HHA ah'5 I A+h'6 z6/lT< /j {ur.
fi tri ttL
@) -#FlrEL ( J:oL+v. ) * L/:r'. tbl
L tti
(1) .bbowwt ( ) l"cfri. tl
(2) Di ?i. t, e'rc ( ) ( /jEv'. tl
(3) <a+, ( ) 6rbLv.cLrii.. tl
Di ?iEffirr ( (
LLt) t
(4) ) ( fi3v." tl
b ta a<n*
(5) 3 o i, -#FoEffil: 1 ) * L/:" tl
l'ttbbF.
a. F,b b. Ea c. Ea d. Ai e. 66i f . A-ra
70
<Aet
'- %e coari:l't, ff rr 4
HFXU
bt bl|
t(H€,iEg &6AtA# 5@o)+r' b Z6
r:-r ----
= OfiE1;iv.*f.
(fl) tOl +*/j t\
?:r lJ
'
@ umL{T*
L\
*f"
?* ,a rta
@ fiH LffiL*f.
I O t"i rsv) *tlt,"
@ Ei L*fr."
@ t'i Fv. * f i'.
L?6ri lf Lr h
I O tt€ll?oWffitt"ftol:E rtrbaZicf
L "
L?!ri lf L*
->tc? i cf .
L
@ *ielte o&-rlit:i1*.
L?Eri tf Lr
'. @ 1*EvZat*fr&No(v.6
L
ZiAt"
@ 6ifrD*fi'.
lr
.@s i€*fr..
r@6itt)*fi."
E&# :
@ m+e &t: tJ+ D6 rr:,,\v. * f"
&t+ : .l/.9
E+E I'a i 6 ri
f" D6 r:: 3
)F*
t&+ J,f:9 t
EttrE&rt+ D6 L - Ar&&fv. * f"
t*,ts rr
fiFJafi**Ltif..
&1. ts <L I)
,ri
ebBu)*.Lr iz)."
7l
*: Lp l'/vUti
=frao,L'ffia+26()
Ar=6rlt. Wffi<tF+l.e a #IAt -"c ZD,LrEv. * f ,r. --c atkffiT,fF i a t rr
*f. lffiB2] u. AilffiLtEtDtrfrrgr.. ff]{xha4il,$fiJ ()tr<ugy/3. tttb

v'bfs*fr,tffivr(. ?a+2\'bwffirEdi 6Orri6-i6J i i:ffiHL* Lr i"
In conversation, we select an expression which is appropriate to the circumstances and to our
interlocutor, but we can use several expressions in a particular situation. We have various ways to
express similar ideas. Exercise 2 lffitr 2l has the same format as the actual test, but you are given
more options.You can practice listening to various expressions and choosing an appropriate response
according to the circumstances.
E/; Ifr +, it++-+ 5 rn F. ri fr H,fr) +H tra fr! *di tt, - + ttr RT EI 6E,fFH H! * Br- {4 rt
-+ . E f+ F! Fs trat uH &ru T E F! *B n rt " v^z zt fr\ xt=\5 -H-EEfH tE, {E E+t,f it jAE F! Et+
4*Hffi+ " %,2 Efi 'E&fr+ &t+W *iLfi fr , //. + )&f+ frA 8t R *1- + E+ "
cl+"il^-l= *Erl
^J4ql "+= _c€g 6l+ dq6iol 'J;|z1oj, + 6IEql^J € + gl= s€
g 6l+zl oltsq4. A3'I+g q4 E€e_tr +q"g + q#qq. (€+21 B^lC'I Ae
=
€al"lzl+, dqzl= e^leHq gol q4 s€g Er r6q1.r] +trq *=
zt€ l= + 9lE+ €+-J^1tr1.
=Hl*+q+.
z lt. t)
C D 6fq:r\(. #EE Htr t t ziEg r*t:at a h'6 ea:ffih'6 i6 /,.
?( t'd r,r.
@) tgl
(l) t (2) I (3) t (4) t (5)t I (6)t
6t* r\ 6r\
a . *i[a=- (v\ a b. #-r (vr6 c. 'f&*FL<v.a
<\,b j" +,l" ( r\ ,' ( i:1"
d. E+L(v.6 e. \EJtE - (vr 6 f . M=&,LTv'a
tz
g. #'>(\'b
a- thanking a ffiiH +oJ6lr1 gltrl

b. apologizing b E#f
^lr+6ln 9i4
c- making a request c ]H>K elEl6ljl gltrl
d- making a proposal d +Er! 4l"J6lr 9tr1
e- complaining e tii,uFlffi g€g'J6ln 9lq
f confrming t ffiilr +^19 "J+g 54-z glq
g- inviting e )Mffi arlldlil 9l+
,i h t rtbL
*t#,tH< < t'A !\. Z nh,6 C D 6fq:t\(. €HfA:(rrfr{fO.
e,
ffi2 6
A : ( r r /* t] nE x 6
Jr
\(
,j./: rr t;ri
< /:' d ! r. o [1 - z DJEb, 6 z t $ fr) ) *t t
=r "
iltr)
Otxl
I'
@rcl
[iF
td
@lxl
! @txl
G)tol
IJ
fr
i
73
cr l
@r l
@r l
@r l
@t l
or l
@t l
@r l
@r l
@r l
cr l
@t l
@r l
@t l
@r l
er l
@r l
@i l
@r l
(b)l l
"l
It
*LerDF"lffi
b Ur,tJlv
o'( - ^ F tE r*ht b. lfiifi=n',exrgF":r fiErrEu'*fr.l ffifr< G€h{riil*

EIJEII{ lt(t,t/*t,t).
o =ro>ffftn&6Fq:a. igg d#i*tiB,si.
.a
l*LEopdFEt ri*. 'E#Hffirrarua. EHlr,E,yrrrtx #RE &Lt Lr i"
*f. cD 2ffivi(Fdffi t&fur'<A( < /:'f vro "l5a;.<-- ,tr.z, t j l. L L 7 hrr
L D,5t'
b\ *trt'b. m* fia=v t'crt'Jt-* L r ), Za&> L. fdEZ c, *Wt,:FdEaffiv. L
(a*Lr)"
\'€rbal Expression ( A ffi #.In) should be done according to the following steps. 1. Listen to the
qlao-atory sentences and the question "what do you say?" while looking at the illustrations (you
will not be able to look at the multiple choice options); 2. Listen to the tbree choices and choose the
option. Practice doing Verbal Expression (###fr, ) Exercises in a sryle close ro that
d tb€ actual test with the End-of-unit Exercises ( * L &DOH€ ) . First, listen to the CD and do
Enaclse 1 ( FdE 1 ).There are transcripts and hints on the following page to give you tips on finding
t rcsmtc Next, answer the questions in Exercise 2 (ffrF.2).
ffi=#EE+gH F!trAj{ntifiT"
*-TE€E . .,,f4
"
@
-LEfi
tktt|lLFf frtE
"t I L H r,. * 9- n. ( Ef+IFiqa EFAi{6I ) .
gw r "-€.+rfr, r&+Artfr\k1ffi"
ffi EEffi4r! s1+ffii14ifr-t+iE[ " ,82#2fr4" . iapfi co +,FXtfrZ r. T-FE i{fr4ffi*Ex
Sd& sE tatel o'Fe ++r+ ,JGq+.

:!l 'Jdil/-E= -u_€^] tls} €€+!+ eEE tylell "J*ulzL E
==El(4lqzl= "J4i9l
'J4 *r* r-
g s 4E $4.1E Er 4€* +sl= _r.Erl.
@fl rffil{ S4..' 4rl3
"JE} E€g E4lE d4ql Tlvl+ €El-e += €+g aJ^lr+. +d
@D€ F-a E.4 1 €- sd^19. trl+ qlolxlql lr* Ee+ slEzl ?190=. E-4l Eolg -c
=q
ffi,$ $eSS"1r*- -cl*. +4 2 "il^l €^]l_tr- Eîl8 Eol Brlul.
;o)F,iFETrl.. zthtn;aEF"tafi:r'<< /-.aL\o f u6L, (+) 0)
OL t&L L\ td h' +)2L Ot
/\{*IEItEt,t:f f t'. 1fi'5 30)+#5, ft€Jur€0)6:ci:6hT
( t'd t,r"
1#
EiL I t 3l
z&
EA It 3l
6
,'t'Lr ril.lft' l: +,- 6 6
o@'..
*+Iaft#rttffiW& /e( 3,Li*a (v\ 6 d)f. #Fz l*c'- craal l*r^. < /idr\l t*€fi#Tf
/" D5. tE+rrT 6 Z Er,-ts.t1 g;E.
(Aif*f",lElLEv.*fi." ts t\
[ *,'- 1: r3 6 .] and [ *i - ( /i 3 v' I are forms of
respectful language, so they refer to the actions of
1. Lfi++6 L* L tr i i."
/'- someone else,
'*3-t./ab" "r''-< /jEv." E€ffiiE, trft)gE
z . D L@*:E6IGE_L * tA,r..
ffixtnMA\a|F"
3. 4- L@*s,EEl:rc- ilt* tll"i.. l*:-t.teb) [*i-(/j3v.]
=
€aqolstr a]
4lEJol ;-l= .JF.Jq4.
Er-ro 2 3l
2#
{: ll,L : < hi/r 7)' rtl"tr. d
o-.'
Efffio)+ffi&#8 * L/c. ft+-I.H< *: Dv./cv. l< $ e4Lr\r-frrl tt. [(6r\rVc-fDl
tiL ti O v.v.

l. Sffiti..
(
v v L@( 4> J bl-v'Ttlt,"
lrr.*
-f f ,'l . It is not used when we want someone to
2. *#,tt
<
t'v 2@/r_E_!:_EiLA.
lr<b
do sometlhg.
"<L t4 L',.-ftr." E "(6!\!\-ef n'" W\|\ffi,
3 . +#,t 7 r-':t / L(v./:ff 3 /:v\a,ffrr. ti"*, FfrD) ffi+H*xiFffi++.
I t(6 t6LL..ffr,l = f(6,,.v.-etr,l 9 d
Ezt z@r +e s€"JqEl . +qi"Jol +t4=
=
@...
^l+611
g+q4.
617l Hlg qql
I
I 7 tv 2 V*3.hl Llqlt\<t\6tttT. tr:l.
FL\ttLrt\*tf/l"
The speaker only asls I I - v ) L i3.r.l .lhis is
not a request.
"tty ) L*tr." €t''tr'jt{&tr86ir&, lk6ffi&
HqH,E..
ft t v2 L*tr.l zll E"1ez1"3 6l.l. +qg
6lz1 9++q4.
) 77
I
:orF"tEirtl', z-tfr.trrEF$ari:r'r< r'du,o r u6t, (+) d)
Ue Ah t\ ab' ttct
At*lE[tEu\:f f ,'. t h'b gO+r.4. E€Jr\6ot-citbhT
o'&
( /-tdt,t.
E^ [ t 3l
87" I t 3l
78
eff T {t. ( ti tt T ti /.i 1, V ttr,:e c ltE Zfr & L f; Lt lt
{H+ o)Ffr A fd
,,
i te t
) * t L " tH+ o xEE t;,j,, d ?: l. I \ E zfr hr < 3 4 h\ t a tt, alilJa r. a
.t< L 6)L)
oF"lffi75s l-EFfl*ffiSJ a"j-"
l:: l.rnversation, we not only need to listen to what the interlocutor says, but we also
:.==j to replv in a waywhich conforms to the conversation. In
erick Response [E[F*
"a 5 - . \ou can measure your ability to select the responses appropriate to the inter-
. - -: lr . Ufterance.
.
=.1=. 6fd4ryx1frix1fr,
_ .',==iJifili&ff.
;;-::'.=.*Ll] 9] ololzl€ 6l= aol ofqel, rql *b ql*g -l]oi 6J
=7lsl
,- . :; :. rJgi"l ,1"*3'iEgEf*Fzl
"l€rl *dal7l 9le #zll\ ra
--= =44
EOFH: 8ry U (5) ^'Efr t-ZL tf0)E A*IY Q)
jr
5:3*:!€*:*#
gpffifrr(.
Z
( ) r;tH€€r\(</j6!r. zL(.6tafrt
btrt
,A
fco\
-I ata-
GVJ
re
*;.i:?:.*#*:!++
ia ,:,.:,.':-:=
: -r,-.:-;-::r-;:
Lrrue<
(€E t re,t\M'
xLt b
a=rr( ( t'd r,r.
tr
@D ?/'taJL ( F-(lrv. ) I" t E? (L\lJv:
(l) r.6
ibo>X^ /:FLl:r{, ( ) A,/j I la.
(2) 6-. trxl: ( ).

(3) lr? zic
+<hlha ( )L,
(4) t).*( <tt)
).
(5) bLlztttiz.l'/jr'6 ( ) vrl|/gtrr;.
(6) ?tvtt=:>v'<tj. 6LTt-)vt ( ) L,Eu(vr6I"

t
(7) /F6Hfl:#frAA*[
h'L *i Lj6L. €/. lr
( ) vri|/strr3.
t
(8) b-b,6aL ( ) I f.c /:"

t
(9) ?aA" 71., ( ) ( f,ulrv' ?
t l
(10) :iL. ( qrf/t3!rO ? t l
80
6rii'ur ;. L\ ht/v :
,,
ffiffi0>fea>o--##.#rE ( 5 ) ^.-:E=t
l7<atrl (2)
.i/- J T . .3r,1-60, Dh
ffi1 yt#,/vT. x+i:H( <6';E.=i|te@h,6z6A.T ( t'3r,r"
':' {
Fli #44; I O,E @p^ ll*r1,bzJ'?)*-tt,LfLl:. r@l
irr 3€lt6 €)ffiH la;/:EL:. HFiHI:*b/*vrIil:L(v.6" t
[?r _ 6:
ICBfrE @kE lt:t17:2yr'"
*"Eo> t
tfi'
Eao> t C ++ @ iB+ l i:zrx tlfr.o(v, b"
; ,a-'-
r3 [
7
I
r{) m/so)-c.4na;-;{Al*
&o -zti L6l.'
{ e+lt @ifH }l:raD*L/c" t
r 5l :or,f#u. aa?Hrs I C ,E @ IGX I l: t o<#rt,t /r" I

I
3 ,itL6tb, T
2 I+t:H( Zb hT ( t'6 t,r.
1J
C D AFq:t\(. < 6EEEAe@h''b
r(l;ffi,il I XF, AER } rel

tl!,ilu i E ffitr 2 ffi.'Y I tl
ltiitilr E a,* 2+r+ l tl
1fillf,1}}l
! +sG
-.t18 TRTI I tl
L((.|)lr ii ! 4fr ZfrJH } tl
111i1:bltirl fr ffi* ?.eft I tl
8l
f: Lp LA,UI)
I Q)
=fraa,L.{HA#26
It/,
I6#,/vT, A o)#EE E*.t t 6E |Lt u f ffi E r* +, *F a a h, 6 e @*lr 6 it
o>
5hT ( dr,'.
* r i 'j
{i"l}i
@t) A +8, E*L< < lLl3vr1.14"
B lal
(1) A t : affiffi, L: urF'i: i t:Evr( 6 vrv\('L r i i..
^*.4&"
B tl
Q)A FiE, ttrs+ffifi ,rffi v\( v\(tf, .i-"
B tl
(3) A /: ( 3 /-tru)*3-r.6. E t ( /jEv..
B tl "&uL*t-(
c) bt6 r.i ,' 6z z
(4) A €llffiLv.X&H ->Ie tuTTo Ji.c/:6ffi(I[:*f < /jEv'"
B tl
a. FL-fl6 |1 *rl&rr. b x->L......o
iL/"9 r
b. D+, iEH/r ( v.t/j3 *f.
Lt'^,/!
c. ZfLl,a./..A('f ta.
d . .i-.i-. tfLl..
e. frJvr*rlA,J"
82
'.r\ -fz <*ta '.tt
aH:t\r. #Ffrr*.j-f 6Ezt t(iEg ret:@t. To> a h'b t a
/fi\ _#82
l28t :,o
+r'5 z6hT( /jdur.
(ffi) [a]
(1) t (2) I (3) t (4) t (5) t
a * Lr*rt'
a. D+. *s9bt3++LL*f"
* in'
b. *iftiPv.ra q
"
l:t
c. Hsrt'\ *.-f "
L trt:
d. &Tfirrrv.t.
tb:
f ia.
+r
e. KK, Efu-CO
L ri1t.
f. &), Di 6ft+LL* L/:.
c D AFq:r\(. #ffcfij-f a*Zt UT&c(r\660){:0. A:(r,'

t' A/. t\
/r t \ € 0) t: xt \ ( < /-. { \. O [*=? I;JLfr, A
L
Uri
Z. I 6 )t t "
r
=r =
@) [6 L6 L. ft+a&Hv. bol-+v\*fr..J
Otol @txl @tOl @txl
( | ) I < D&=F, f,* l:t 6'rl( v. /: /j * /: r,.1"(-f ii"l
er I @r I @r I @r l
(2) lio_ , r i.ar.. HHI:&l.A*rlsvr1.LH., /c r"l
er I @i I @r I @r l
(3 ) l?fu, rt)/u* D J ( lrv.A,D+/*v."j
3r I @t I @r I @t l
( 4 l [f']*t4," iOzl, 7 Vv [., v./:/jv.( 6 r,,rr7r(".*f/rol
3l_ I @i I @t I @r l
fr5il rF -t*o>z-ts--t, Ii.z/:ff I" I < rrA,tj'D * L/:*a._l
3[ r Cl ] @t I @t l
83
ld, LlZ
Xito)Hl8ryU (4)-T lH. l*4y

<) 6Lf 6/E6a/ <tL6
tA-r6 tLb) (*h), [A-r3r b) (fu&). [A-i<6 6 i] t-A^\(atl6.l ((-()
*)tIb,/ <fob,/6 6 i ) t*. ffi.4A?2ri('fFi : trrrS *g-. [A-iEirb rLb) d*.
iL3iu 4 L i3
'ry*.q). [A-\E t< /r+|l A,/ *r b a,/ < tuA ) Uftk+ (-() &>tl b,/ $ b i,/ < fLb)
! pr j,ff v,f rf. r trLbob d)it, tt/Lrrl ttili:l Lf:afi'{#Jlbf-f ao)/r*E Lv.
f-fo mv\(t 1"t>lt'6I i l:lsbt.ef;FB L* L r i "
[€^r6*L6) @.9), [A^{Fi}6 1 (FtH, [€îr6 6i_], [Aî(6tlb) ((-<) d.-tf

b,/<fub,/ 66)) canbeusedincombination.Wecansay,[€'r8tcrtL6) UfrtY.*.H) ,lB
îf ii(Ait'6,/ nr b a,/ < tLb ) Ufr19.+ ?<) al*tf b./ $ tr a,/ < ILb) . It is not easy ro
determine who did the action to whom. Keep practicing until you can understand what is being said
straight away.
"€-r6ia6" qFA). "A-i3rt6" (ffiifo. "€^rr6 6i" "A-r(6116" (tLF.thif, (-

<) iarI 6 / 1 ttb z 6 6 i ) Ftt:]tY+&-fuH" FtJtEt^ "A^r:it b*Lb" ([frlk4Ltjt>. "ts-:
XTT B.,}-h bL & F,* fr\ dI H,, NAJ +I]W fr 1#E ffi +, 1+E*# ETPE XE fi " 4 \ffi4fr 4 trEIfrt.TI] Dfi tr N
A\fr?ltrBfr+IJffi"
[€^ratub) (+F), [€-r:ii6l (^]q ), [A^r<6 6r_] [A-r(6t16) ( (-<) fr>

I,f b /<{Lb /ro D, )=a.Jollrl
=+ 9+q4. l€îEiibtLb) (^]q +F). tA^\F
+<htf6,/rrba,/<rLbJ (^lq+ (-()) btf 6 /{ba / <tL6) 4= ^}-3-BEq4.
rNzlzl $traf,xlr1-.
:...'. 2 tsl:
,ftr.t, c D 6p6r,r(, i- inhrEt u tzh,te@h' 6 iL6 /LT( t'd ur.
B.tt
(fi|l) I OH @E
ltlt h'
lir-Hv.42tt3f-r-:te.
$0) L\
rel
(flz) I OE+34, f: tel, t* /J
@ilJEl8/"., lrt:yVz*r*tlfr.cfe.
.rt'
rel
dt!
(r) I CIA L6 *
@Efib i /tfS.t. t l
tl&: t:4i(k tt
Ql I '@ilEab+tu @tFItE ) l*r(lfvr(vr6. t l
(3) I OilITts/- @ftffie& l ,r<'BAffi<"
?;tLl: 3 li *
[ ]
(4) I offi
!.6i1 btit
@fr ^ t 4i
ltj$tstr&ffihL/:.
e
t l
IrtL gii i\t\irr\trAL0i A
{5) I ee. @SFtr } l*iFtl'6XMt:V1.7-" t
L\
l
btt /: reh' ,)t\L{, d^ t'
t6) I ofl, @Er+F/- ll*A+tor\t-tr2*hrL/c. t l
(7) I @A @=rRF l ,rH-EAFi.
btL 7t' 4rt l,' l,, t\
t l
(8) I Ozt){/- @)s>A/- } l* I ert)8/- @)=>a/- I a
)-l&:C-L/:. t It l
tgilre C D AfHt\(. HF*,J€ a gDt@@h'5 iLb A.T ( t'3 t,t.
(fr) t O I tslutt
C 4oAl*H0>)tr,:r,,t- h a#r.3iur./:.
bl\tr Lrl tjl; UL. ,'
@ kaXr,*fra)vt: L,t- h a#r.lt( 6 ba /:"
(l) t e
tt|tt UL trlJ 0l *,< .u/"/:(
40 l* H a Lr,:nVA tfiiE E r /c
"
tiLtt UL. til; t-f& "i,< t/,t(
@ ka )l&Wa )1,:nVA#iE 3 t b ft-l:.
(2) t ljt: Ol bl'tr LrL {: L
e Ha Ntf-,a )U,:+ftesaB( brvlc"
I
bl: (.}L ,t|tt tll {: L 'f

@H o> AH( 3 t b ir./:"
o>
(3) ^r,tttiLtt 0&

5L: LIL L rr, .l'
^|,=MF,S
t o 4 0 /\ l* k a Lr,:Hf* &f€br /:.
8l: OL l:lutt 0L V 9!, .h'
@ H o> Xr,t*,a Lr,:Hf,+ Af€brr( 6 D c /:.
. n/'Lei
il4) t O + Db lt c 7 ) D#*HA 3rr b*t/:"
ltLlol
@
=
+DbltuT ) DffiHAEt.C{: bal:,
5e: L. tr|tr Ll.L *
mil[ O
8a: oL b,{a (}} *

@ 4o Ltt4-o> Lr,:'#/ct( 6bz /:"
85
*L bOF.lFE
Z< C tjaLa
BlJffit"u'AFdE a:ffi.tutrt., ,]ToiB v) Tf "
It. h tLt;( L
e fgr\#Ff; 6rq:
lt2 lc
< (iEfR[ft*EIJEll
ELt:1 L
{ tr(r,r/*r,r).
bata
-
€) *;fr{:fJ-f 6 = ?0)i8frtr{6FE: *. iEg rsffiEti 5,3r"
-o l-g LboF"5E.i rl*. FiniFuKrF6+ga. Effil.iEu.trr&( fr*HtL* Lr i.

*f. CD 2ffivr(F{E ,sox- ,E7r
tt&v'<a( < t'Ev\o t) 7l- L L y Frr
t
e>q *.f i.b. M*fra3y tort\h* L r j. ?o>b L. F"1ffi2 r,
D.*1. L
*ffii:P,lffi?f#v.
<ht. Lr i.
Qrick Response ( EIJF#I"UA )Exercises should be done according to the following steps: 1. Listen to
the short speech (you will not be able to look at the multiple choice options); 2. Listen to the three
choices and choose the appropriate response. Practice doing Qrick Response ( EIIE+rilS ) Exercises
in a style close to that of the actual test with the End-of-unit Exercises ( * L &)OFfiFE ). First, listen
to the CD and do Exercise 1 ( Ffi€ 1 ). There are transcripts and hints on the following page to give
you tips on finding the answer. Next, answer the questions in Exercise 2 (7frW2).
FpBtxf6B+tr H H! E6l{At+fi T.
@$fi = +frt+4, r,\.+E-fftatrF!D6"

. ftVi co frF|tfr4 r. ET-F€'i{fi4ffi
1frtr81*>Xt?r9fr2rtZ=tfi-++fiFttsf " H.frt?4'
*EX+ffiffiffitk*+ft^, Ed+z€Effiffiwq , *trffitrtf;l z"
+^l +B Ex]g EEe 4*4 ?+q 4 .
O Alg *El= E=4 ( dq;<l= oJ49l glxl g*4).

@ gslql 4* s zi]9 d4zlE 4€+ Elg _z=4.
=a,
ol rC4 E4lr .il^'l= +^l +B E4E ddq 7l4l& €ql-e += g+g Et^lu}. +d cD
E E_r. E4l 1 g Hd^ls. 4* riolzlql 6JE7l 9l9oE_ +nl Eolg -q€
=q ^rBEe+
g rlE'J^]4. :rl9 , F_4l2 ql^] d4lE +4= €g Brl4.
!t"t:r.' .,srlL * t
; 0) fdffi T {*. * -f t A Fq:t \ ( < t' 3 ! \. Z n fi' 5, Z A * 6, ; t
t Ef, u
r (,
tgt 1 ,.5 3 A+frbF€'Jt,t€At-2Z6A,T< /j dt,t.
oe
1# tit 1 z 3l
2& EZI 1 2 3l
M: O*.;z{?ic. rri:J Dff"
F : 1. t*v.. @&j:!l!_;L_(""
tl/" z
2. L'i ?. @*j7E6_9.
3. ?/Lt*@A |, ilr!t("t. a,zto 2 3l
O"'4. L,3{ U l:*c fz t t A t>t \d?Tf " nAZ aT eila tl I Et ri Effittr"
This is a salutation used when you see someone for the first time in a long time. It mems "I'm glad to see you're doing we11."
9zll rJ*q "J*g 4 9 .J^l.J rl + . r+ zl'll a +ol^] El6d ol EL /+= sl "l.J q 4 .

=
@"'fE+l;H#ttraF.Hazt if,tqrJ. lnF'.T&Dctcl ltr&)-ceaJ lstEEhlnfztAolEgL Lrt<&r\tF3-"
Thisisanexpressiontoshowtheinterlocutorone'sgratitude.Itisoftenusedasaresponseto lruft-etri.:/:] ortJsab'e Lil.
€Biffrfi8!.e.-H. tFh ";-uF.rctl"c/:" "*:bTt a" frlEE*&.H.
*4qlal A^16l=9E19 EJolzlqllzrft'e]i'al:l t*ibrLi.l €9 "J9=?9'll9 glBgez]+^]€.€r.14.
@.' z nh\ D EL F,l * i Z L T I /J r \iE + L *1 6 L 3 ; lF r \ * f
. r z)J E|J I
"
This is used when we say good-bye to someone whom we will not see for a long time to come.
jF!+CiE,ilit+tr&K-F{F jt4r4-5r,JtnEE1&H.
€EIJF
9d 7lz "JE + s= ^Jrlle+;tlq4 q ^l+*q4.
"Jo_q
@"' I 6> U httct \l l*. a f,t Lt \8 t,l'B#4tr6 t I E=t \:f E"
[b D ir/: v'.1 is used when we re happy or we re thankfirl.
" ll/:v'" HTEXsj, 4*z\Bifrrf .
*> D
[6 D ir/:v.] 7lg rI , ,J^]dJ 4ql "Jd]q4.

=
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F : + ( )F(- (@E.E_e_!i......,
$< {LiaL
M: 1. EIL(@*A/jc/cia.
$<
2. EiL<:"&)A,.
3. iB*L(@Ad::E /-fah" #^tr@31
@"' l+<rR(zEzlzlJll.t6. iEf,u/cl z.t\aztT't" lot J dF-.aE.4-ffiti.c/er)t&=fcr)t TLt6a#Ex*t
z8rJT**d"
It means "you were late, even though I asked you to come erly''. Using f@ l:l can show that we are not satisfied or that we ue mgry.
"9(*rLEctitilD6, lEtL/: (EAEAiXA11 +,{*, 41*p.6l4j)" H!HE. "ol:" tzriiim16ffi. ,Ifrg.ffiI1*"
rgq ezlr gtl.l;J, *94r = a.JL.l4 . f or-) € ^l+61tr €"Jol+ Ehi 7le€ +qB + 9l+qq.
@"'iO,t... 6 6l \l*= t t hrEln tc Z tlzts t 1 gE.
^ or both of them were,late.
It mems the woman was,
qal E= F
^l+ E+ a.Jq4.
@"' Ii l, : /cl t E : (t=94=
t6 AT. tA : (E: (L r 6 Z t!-*tt 6iE:Ft; t*/J U * t/,.
As the man sap, [ ] i.a /:l ^hr8
, it would not be an appropriate reply to what the angry woman said.
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the format of examination questions from Unit 01 to Unit 05. Lastly, we have prepared
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*ifl*ri:a L,li- F Ag3 /aEv..
71'
@Dry a&tE"cv'<
bl'/i 6 L'Loi
k *E ?! ......f*v\"
(r) bz:
x
tl"lc( $o)
ffiWWlttu'-> iJvr fi le ->( b 1.,
3 j i t,1,t(
k +B 0*/a A,TL r. iftiEL< < tub ?
e)tr 8t:
bLtr
{c L
btu? a:jt l:+Ef,SEv\</rr\, /: ?
S:
k Z? */iifr,L(.rrrt'->/:a ? ah/-, W<t' p ->teo

(3) L \r1 ,'L' :r .h'
H a o H++. a-F*r'fF*rri( v r /: /c-v. ( $ v : vr (" L r i /..
* Zi_, fi,*r..,*tl/_I.
(4) t 3AEA. Vr t offiHd)F+F{}.
SirJ h}"Lba e n'L
E
JJ .i--. 6, ? i*-r/\o
t)ri I :
(5) bz:
H &> o>, NWrtr * /j * & v. /-(. 9- ft D.
r.*?< LliLji *
4 t&*.tA,, 4IF.><#v) *f a;r. 4:ir9+ h'r+L ( /jEv."
E*t bOF"lEE
cDr
32
Itn *
16 M /.jl:.,flZir. rei:I11("f.
F 1 . flv., *ji.it'A * f"
6j" t
2. Da", *.;x:5(."
3. <fLBb 4 ir/cv.("f .
ri? : r'
2& F + < *( o(E"c/:att?...-.."
b < j"kt"
M L . €
]EfL<r*,A/jo /:?a"
2. EtL< ae>L"
6.<
3. iEn( J i'c /:A,/ik"
dglffi
r f L<t 4* rlA,.
F : *sff/:t
M:1. v.i-, ffit46.<v.6 L.bct"
btL 1,.:t'C
2. v..i-, fl.6 4frrt,IJ 7a La bct "
3. v..i-. fl64*/: LabT'f "
z:G F: *o) a771.. ol"i.c lc/st>" 6 u Lfrffif

^,L:ri
rLtJI lJr->/co
M: I. ,s. ir,Llfa("
2. trfullclco)1"h"
r25
UaEl"SLfit\
-EiFdFE
rrs. *-rHF"ttffir'<( r'dr,'," <nrlai#arfr,,'<. ttHH#
/@\
I It ffi F"tH r
Q 1 rt'b 4A+h' 5. F€it\€0)U
-czb /LT< /-jd!\"
el=€
ko^Di 6r. xaLL4o^rrffiL(v.*"f . lga^tLaobr. *rtrotraDi L*fi."
M *sD+*L*-f.
It+
F V.6 -r L + V\" flz}'->/:tl,
&l: < 2f
M lnIrt'+Ei' I trr/3 vri. L,R z (.
JL' f3
F ? a tr" D+. ffa; t abaT*7)vtg)Jrt.L< < fub ?
!6 $
M ;4;1vrar/jia. Da i:€t,lif'vrvr p #BEDH/-+
^ {5 i Ar'
?
F a L" ?trLL, b-t'a$Sizl.b. fiHv.ot*$c(*(. ZtLtv,-: L r t:Ev.("

. t/,13i 3 * L' Ln' *r tf
M iaZ. aoE=Etffi. RDtt ( f:Ev./:iIirrifrL( rav. ?
F r 6. Za /:-L = y t7 l. is/rv.i.a. $lsEa;f4.t:fihf;v."
M bzJ'-> /:o
bl; r.fl ^? tth,

HD Lttc.a&>L, *[EoFA Di L* ,-r."
i'.,i!.& bl,t ut <t9 ii?d)lt st: Lrt uz <t\

ffHr. ,dd)Lrtt#a#,EEA L(vr *.t" lEa/.trE: lr&oa L r. ua*titfka*fi..
o)
?*tE*
F IIHM.
M lJ t/ \.
t *j i
S6t, t (t|]
*a "c i:6 (tg
,'1,, s)z
F Jsffi/:t L * L t:." 4E IJ zffiffiij*r.-H(v. * f" a t, b o>Jliv'#ii I'Eit: 3'[tr. FX,
q7 $1" Lrl D ..&,1: 0)
E. r4oA+ob t T- -ct->k/-r < /iF v." ab b a€.r,:'l-lc#l*.
.L<2, lrl. <lq 6X lfl"
+AWa z W,
,,1.
L]( - .L<b o)
+tr 4 ft&r,:rlFt-cff'.A,T ( /j3v..
ht .bb ti 3 ,'1,' 6d tf.tr
Elr. aLbt*+iLWt:r,tT-f n" bu) rrl i t"8"v. *L/:"
F: tstSt:.
4; d3-16 <t.)
l6rl'ttE3 tt LD bL r. o)
Do)# t$ha* f i."

(!) a a
l()
E, ct
gai N G' G
H s<c
.t
F
d. e
rll
{F N ill { u) (o
$Etfiffi0F
E
ffu
R+
{EE \t a o o
R R
:FF Er
(r,
U
0) cl o sf (l)
EI tfi;c uui N
N a a tct
N
tdd
ft
*<
&
H
s<
rt
E e E
ffi 5
S{uftuF N St{uSqf N g'
ffi
E;I
E.
{rfl
trA \t
[|l( F. o a
N o)
tfi; C
H *< N -. G
{E( rt
EE F
ffi
E!:
rlrrr N (vt t
St{uH0ulr
R
rl$
ttE
ldu
rliltr
t o
{< !8. (9
Itr $;
o @
lrd N
H s<
.t
@
E
Cf)
z Stft#oF N (l, rt |{,
"l gq 9l
ol 9ol 9lr
(4) +El (T € lo>) 7l tl"l
t/rnl'it uo1
')[\ +qEi. g gElg "lxl+.il [#Lv.o] el fa)
(5)
EIIEEIEfr+ 71 9.^)"J, dl4g l/-) ol qzl ?++q4. (B) +El
(10) 3 TdJg +"1 E;I 9lr, (8) g tbl , (9)
tr EoHanU (11 -lE* lfll , (10) 3 tDl 7l lA,) o=. Hill 9l+.Jrl. tc=
tffiHI */"tsv._l [/Frrev.J [€61"/*v.] F If rav:];11
<<f,4$>> A!)l 7l I A,/ev,) 7l g= 4+71t++qEl.
( I ) irl:{:*rr.llab
(2) <at.t-?o)*.A'*.
(3) lett:l'-te /yi'
(4) ?zat iz:-?J-A,t zb tffiE 1I
(s) ?l,ba-tLlstu <<ffis>>
(6) FF/rOf*ffi/r,L<. (L) U->le0
( Z ) Bv.Z"l:5 4+gvrA,/j6,L
(2) lJ/:il/:
(8 ) irr. It ts t1t + fu /1; fu tsyt (3) (cfD
(9 ) A-r6fLav\+€-i6i/aL) (4).'6+i"6+
(10) *".r8 D rs E r,.*Js/*,1 /r ;i v. (5) DbDz)
(6) L">rt'0
<<fi4#>>
(I) (2) it.t&l /Ji*tri:.1,-:(v.*f. (3) tffiE2l
rt,b Q) t*tTta*fi:*.b.c(v,*f" (3) tr <<FS>>
Il:-] 6r I LJ lr_rs,, (v.<. (4) fi'6 (7) tt lal (1) o
tr t&-J l:132ap.g9 " G) a'E#a&&.rc lffi e)@
Lv.ol t la) t:bt)t frr, :tuIt l/-J t= (3) @
r*0 *-tA,. (8) (10) &1',fiA8rt:N.b"> (4) o
<t/\<\ (8) '.6
ll l-6.1. (9) tl f/Ll. (10) tt tt]l (5) o
ltrl A' )tr2*.b -> ( vr * f . [r * i/ rr v\][ )fr /-fs u, )
l$b/yfevt) rrD.[6/sr,rl fful3r,rj ir [&rev.J E *;*oH*Ar, (1) -*m6rhtil
Ers6a2Tsfv>acg. (P.43)
In (1) and (2), I /- I is inserted into the words. In (3)
to (7), the sounds of tfr changr.In (3), [i:_] changes IffiHI
t" I A,) , and in (a) to (7), [O_l changes to [,t] .In <<#g>>
(5),1 a I is the last sound as in [ff ! r,r 4] . This does (1 )* E6 /-db< ar+t-afr/-f u, 6l[t
not change to I A' ) . In (8) to (10), the sounds of 7 (vr i f i.. ^n",
{T change. [ 6 ] in (8), I fL _] in (9), and t r] I i" (ro) (2) fnJn.A-i/:v.lE arl*dkal.v.[Ebl, b6 ?
change to [&J . As in [cSl,rsv.] ,f ffifuf.rt:)
,
(3) t:r* tlEtv\:. :r- e -tra*6lEl
ERtfr
""d [H ,> /wleut] , f 6/g v.l and liltrV. ] often ir-l.o /:"
changeto [f /gVr-.] . (4) zsy : v&E(ffi,li;tlLvr&tttD, dLatr
(r)(2) €id+/! " /-"
" (3) f|J (7) E-f n+nkJ ,EA6tev.L. fl@{rau."
^7
*.k. fzl E "r,:" 9.F17 " L" , (4)+\ (7) F. "a" F. (5 ) tlEFlrr-l.- /.lt.ll'la a <
ffiT " /-" . (s) PlRtr "#Lu'o>" Efr\ "D" aÂ. " /-" " =&r6a2
l+-
(s) ?{ (r0) E 4-Ek+*k, <al ffi " b". (s) W "tL" .
(10)E! "0" Att "A'". ":>ti'/sr,r" "ffifular,r" "p v.
=L r i:f 6[F5ll:cvr (fl6 Lt.
bA,/av'" S, "b/rv." "f,1l4vr" HHAFT "Ltsut".
(1) (2) y lt"J ol q+ql 5q gl+qq. (3) +El
(7) e J-6Jel +ol E6I gt+qq. (3) g lr,:)2y77"1
4h' 6H,z-6E*=iFFBtEfrffi ffiffi t t,-=22 x3

<<H#>> fi' r>b x -c t ffiLT < 6.1 6 I t rs 0 A a Lt:'ii < )
(2) t (3) tr. bl'L LD,LI(+,
h--flMffiKnrti-*.0>+r,=-'>, L v.i r Lrf. *#o+a: lra#fi.#o; a
(4) i:rt--.: a*qt1" (5) (61 ,6}#Wdiffi L rfrrE awertibD t-f rt' 6. itHL( < /j6
ff--E:l?feo(v.*f. (5) tJ lrt'':./-) aw:&ii
t,
v\o
fiFo t+&r 6 6 c /:#Hir.tr,, /:l d)+i:. [#fr1 Thewomansays,itis t^tu4/j1 forlB)TA i 6(tA
tffiWtb l-+&f 6 b-crc)rtr&ru) *.'f " (6) ll. frli I i" option 1. And then, she says, I h L r* 0 AW
te+il L Iftfl)
t,
a-->aeidrcWdiffiir&>c(.
Lri Lr (
3/-l:SJi- 6l),Ei 2.ffivr(4] i r.L,B.c(v.
I *+IJ aWffifiFo) [ : o HA-l 7-175r@vr(vr 5 J 6-1,so you can choose option 2 I t te 0 a a blaft < )
o+l:ll. l-/t'l A#,qf blcd>a [:o)HAc/c.l for the answer. Finally, she says, [4i.6 t, I . t ffiL
,ra D *i-. ( < 6l which can also be interpreted as I t fs\ Ai
In (2) and (3), there are two noun-modifying clauses in bla'fr < I . You should note that the expressions in the
in (4). In (5) and (6), there are
each sentence, and three conversation and the expressions in the multiple choice
double noun-modi$ing clauses. In (5), inside the clause options are sometimes different. kf1Jt:ifl,tbt*tfr t "E
thatmodifies [r.lJ&-i ,T+&(' 6 b->/c#ffirtr]'':, 'taa b r;tast a" F-^t1fl\ ("^tr.4ff"). flitrii,
/:l,thereis t+&f 6 t>->lc) whichexplains l-#ffil. "}jL/s l) oEi l,l:ffiLbrt'E ) /.ffivrr&I j i.L
In (6), there are modifring clauses for two [Ail] .E c (v.6". ;!ilt4.€T6+p;[t+q 2 " t ra D 0) i
"ouns,
and ltl$l , and inside the clause that modifies tA&.j , r,tt:'fr <" " &'a-{Jin "+fi'bt r c LffiL( < b" &,F.
Il OHAo /-,l1rr@v\(v.5], there is Ii OFd " Lrc0 ai r'rc'fr < " FIHE. €EiAim+'fFEg!idi*
*'>lcl which explains [,/ll . ffEt+4+F!^-f+, ffiqfi uEH"
trafr\fti5, &.e)ftE (3) +€ffit, Et+tFE=t" olxlE tl4zl r I lEttDa 6rtAffii I 6l= 4
(s)(6) +FlEi#l6tfrHffiEXA" &@ +, "r.tfi," F! C t^ft.4/j1 el-z 'J6l-l. 9+qEl. -r4 j1 lhtraD
fi€E "+&16 b a /:#ffiii )'-> /c", AE+€iE+, oE3A,t:FJi bn'E' 7.91v.(4r i /.L.Ea(v.
"+tr" trffi-t€iF,E "+&'e {, r>.;/c"" EfalF, b ) +jL "J6l-r1 9t+q + . "14"1 qlB9 d4zl Z t L
"*+r" fE "fr+" 86,lE,affiF-]F-, "att" E!€i€ rs D D i bt:f1 1l 7l B qq .
"lzl
Elql I 4rt' bL t ->
E ":oHA,t,,\rr@v\(v, b" ,&ts+F-.i4+, ",/l." LFf L(< 6lE ILraA0>iLt:'fl<l4= a"Jq4.
trA-+EiFE "loF{Aolc". elsl +9 "J4 dq;(l9 "Jol 4= +719l9sE +9
(2) el (3) e B^l +^l€ol Ee b14.il 2 tl, , G) 6ll +41^lg.
"I= 3 4l 9l+qEl. (5) (6) g E^l +4€ol ol+9
-q.9q 9+q4. (5) lr.ril"l I +4lasl t+&
=
'C6 Dct#ffidr,^..:tl oJ"ll t#fi15 €B6l= t+
&'C66":/:.i zl 9#u14. (6) g tA+t.l e+ tit$l
2 7I9 B^tql +4€"1 gjt ta+il I +^1€.J t;
o78*-/-,/\rrEDv\(v'6.l dJoI= t l €€6.lzl
+l6J t. of6A ->/c) zl "l+q 4 .
=
4 *TDOFJilE (P.46)
lr'1821
<<##>>
2
<<fi+#>>
L *At:( ,
aa^tt, i8fi.ffiI o IatTai6(tafiiI
:Llt fft4/j) tE">(v.*f. ZL<, ljat.
f
rr D OEf A,tt ffiLzai,E ) tr.6vr(4.I i ,. L
.Rc(v. b) tE.c(vr*f. :iLrr6i_a)Hft
w.2l L./s\ A j 6I:511 )tifst)
L
tt" &Ih.al+
ffi$.ffi#,
Unit O2 l"t( *"" @Es,".tAfrt1\ "a" N.fr,l "-". ,trt\M
t'17 hrEffi F,!ini*"

(1) +El (4) vl4Z 016.l tal 71 5q g+qEl.
E EOffi8Wt) Q) -Et (P.49)
(5)+q (B) 4zl= s+ol $qZlr. +ol EaJ aoJq
IffiEI 4. ql= 5q (5) I A+ , "ongakukai - ongakkai"
<<fi49>> 4-a e€- "u" zl g1olxll [-l 9 9g-ol qq 9]#q
(l) f; <*foi ( El. ol= "Jg *21 6lq EJ6l7l €41 6171 96I^JoJq
( 2 ) tJr'D *tJ: i. D
rl. (s) (6) g +rl 9l= Hg € "rl= l*:;,Lir( i.v._l
ItA'/:( 3J r-ll rlo| alpg +961 +d^19. (9)
(4) Z((*E(r( 96J€ (gzl€ ) g ti ) zll-),+ g aoE rg
=
6J€ (9zl€ ) +/.r g ,'ll + 6q4. (10) I rg^lr
( 5 ) *j &rr 4 tr.1r+g fu/r- 7)rpr
(6) tZ"t( **ill"/:a3 I Hl"J .tr€"JLlq.
(7 ) L";r. N>-D->/t'b Erit r'
AFlffiAtcD,OFF-*. trtn(2)
; r' ,rr\5rr ;
(8) a art\b+a'rt\b -,I,FH
(P.51)
(9) tfrbart\+lfrb-lr\
(10) ftlD-fctJD tffiH 1)
<<fi+s>>
<<fi4FH>> (t) v+*
(1) r.b (4) *rr*. F$trt: [o.l ir,l..'( (2) r i.^/r.d x
v.*f. (b) r'6 (8) *rlr$H*rls1,,c-) (3):l'i7r747
(BrrAbo/c6orf. fiU.i_tf (5) rr6. (4) 7 > r- t, 7vE> |
"ongakukai * ongakkai" L . EE "r" fli3 ( t3 -r (5) 7?t+t)-, fqf 't >
(. [r] aftEEls->(v.*f" ;itit. iLtJ
&€( L<Fv.{,f ( -f 6lcdt:ct. (5) (6) ti. <<#FH>>
i€+o#,Ah A+ < L 3 tJ [#A,rr ( i.v.] [tA, (fr|) member
/: ( 3 J t #zJ'/sII ttlf/3 | t3rzro)f, i+€ L( ( I ) manner
( tEv." (e) tl*6#ia I ) ) zii l->) L/c-) (2) advice
t' :itJr\
/c 6of. lH.FtYt + 7'lo L 3. J < f€r,. * f. (10) (3) volunteer
li [+lt 0 ) a </jti/:Ev.frj-. (4) enqu6te (zz>zi4), present
In (1) to (4) ,1._l is inserted into the words. In (5) (5) accessory. design
to (8), the vowels are removed and the sound changes.
For example, in (5), "ongakukai" changes to "ongakkai" IffiH2)
and the vowel "u" is dropped, and changes to the <<ffig>>
pronunciation of I c I . This kind of change is made (1) o
in order to shorten expressions and to make them easy e)@
to pronounce. In (5) and (6), when writing the reading (3) @
of the Kanji , you should always write it in fulI such as (4) @
lril"rr( i'v.],ltA,/e( *J . n (9), Ii-l ofthe (5) @
volitional form changes to [o-], and it is often used in
the "volitional form * z)i " pattern. (10) is an informal <<ffi=H>>
expression for lfll g I . (fitJ)*ffio "interview" zJ'6" )tl:*-;(ffAH
(r) 4U (4), iA+r[,\ ".". (s)atJ{.|,]r'+^fr.Efr.+ < : L r9-" n / )v-7aW;iJl: 6 rs I *f"
TEA. (5) F! "ongakukai > ongakkai",zr* """ Z..fr-e, ( I ) FFBO"cost"i.6"*;6rir\rrA : L -ef.[:l
{.F1"7 "
-" . B€iEFffifgllLrnn +tu19r.4N,. Rg x h/ri.i.6J [:x l.rrHLr_] ot i i:fEv.
EH&5 (sX6) ln? F'!i*B r-'J, 95,fr " ii,Lzf ( i. v. " "t *-i-"
4r,5H,i;-6 E*-#eE/lffim ffiffi F L-- >r'N3

(2) *ffio) 'cancel" z).tr. fl*t+F-tt.v>b (1),t\4ig ffi*" ttAF!H,B,. ln "=7l.rir.r.
"cost"
. L -ef. I ftlr1l#,a+#Jt * r > t )vt ) 7a b,,"r7.lrr6v\" F!H*.
tA+o&lFA * r > t tvLt ) a J.i t:1qv. (2) rU€iE "cancel" ffi*. WlHt\+&itt.ljH'!H,B.. trn "flt
*-f. il /tv-Jafi--f,t:L<l (&v.*f" 'frffi,a+#'Jt + *, i )vt 6" "A+o*!RA + v

"r
(3) +ffiO 'image" rt'b" ttrt,tEl- !) ffiv\/: t )v L/." F!H*. HH.ff N+ArJffi "
0 Ll:b L.,i.o+l:E-cT\>Tatrae'f f4 (3)r{4iE "image" ffiX" FF*.F!HE. tE ",t }-rlr:
-
)t t-hru\\\ j "
/Sv._l I E A,/s 4 ] - tt*<> lrprrzSvr" " E/-ts4 )-ltt*o(v.*fi." Pl
(v.*fi.J ollil:&v.*f. IIIf )v-j HfA. s.U,Fm+z,hi1"
o)frfr1:6 /r D *f. (4)r\4iE "over" ffi*. ffhn+dli;c], tzr]fiE4Fj
(4 ) *ffio"over" zJ' 6 " il f )v -a Ofuilll: L<. Effi*Tfrfiih\" tn "+H,tt-ts*t6" "Aft.
o^Xtt-/r-L/:" +ffi}*.
[7Ht t -zt -t 7" ] I A Ea t -rr- (s)i*iEF! "saborage" fr! "+tfi" hll.tlffi]-"1E " 6",
Llcl ls t'rf. ^X.t Ithr+4rk1 "t,l-i6"" 1r "ttsa+t*'b" "+Ftt
(5) 7 t 7 z.-#a 'sabotage" a) l+fiJ l:, ff +fi 6 " F'!ffi *, tzi4:t4lff..fr\#1fr 'F.fiZr.lt#,"
H'f 7'*8fta [6] ir:t,.<- | /)v-Jo) ( ql ) gqg "interview".i^l . EJ+^J ol olTl
^l+g
AFI t+fi6 ) t=tg\ * L/c. Lrrtlltlj& E a"Jq+. nr+ 5;lolzl5. -Jq4.
==
f /3vriL&L/rvrLv.) -'Lff" t&:Fa (1) gq9 "cost" 9l^l . 5ol E= a"Jq4. [:rx l-
+,$-61 t+&a}fi6 ) oli l:ffr,.g*1. ffrt'/)'b_) f :rx l.rrHv\l e+ A"l ^l+6JqEl .
Example: This word is derived from the English word, (2) €"1 I "cancel" ql^l . ++dl
+ elc9 r"JFb
"interview". It means meeting people to talk to them. a"J'l+. |ftff&o)T*tt + r > t )vt6l ta5
It can be used as a verb of the 3rd group. o#J*.t+r>t)v L/:l 4 aol ^l+-Jq4. il
(1) This word is derived from the English word, "cost". rE 5^lE +5q + #qEl.
It means to cost money and it is used in expressions (3) gqel "image" ql^l .+fl71= BZ+ +
=Z+
suchas[:X l..rrr.r.6l ,;:X I.rrffiv\] . +ql "i*4"I B"l 9= a"Jqq. [,] r-Yrrv.
(2) this word is derived from the English word, "cancel". v' /#.v' J I E A,ra I' * ! t#->(v. *fr._l el
^l-s.Jqq. ilrE: 5^lolTlE -Jq4.

It means deciding that a prior arrangement or plan ,Jdl
will not take place. It is used in such situations as lftff (4) €q9 'over'otl^l . mrE F^le +Eq , *zl
&o1*ia+ r, t )v-r 7a l,lts$.aKtfrt * r > t tv + ^lzol qlaHEl Y+ole 4 î+*q4.I+Ht
Ltl. It can often be used as a verb ofthe 3rd group. t*ts-tb) l+fr.aLryft t-u\- L/:l FoJ
(3) lhis word is derived from the English word, "image". qq.
It means something that stays with you after seeing or (5)g=J'^q9 "sabotage" I l-+i,fl ,++61= +
"i
hearing it. We can use this word in expressions such as +g t6J 7l Eol^l r rE t.^l tt,li6l 7l gg
[4 t * )r;v.v..,/Eiv'l,l E A,b 4 J - )t$c (r,. +q4. 6101 5l= "Jg 617.1 9+=q= g"l"J'14.
* f /.J It can be used as a verb of the 3rd group.
. tftSA +|ff 6I t+&A +r,ti6 _j e+ rJol
^l+.Jq
El .
(4) this word is derived from the English word, "over".

It is used in the form of a verb of the 3rd group and E *r*oHeEU (2) -?'#h8ffter
(P.53)
when a number is higher or a period of time is longer
than we expected. For example, we can say, l+Ht tffiHl
t-r\-f 6.1, laFca&&t*-l1- L/c.l , etc. <<ffis>>
(5) This word is derived from the French word, "sabotage",
(1) @
and we add the conjugation form [ 6 ] to "sabo" to (2) @
make a verb of the 1st group. It means not doing (3) o
something we are supposed to do. This word is used in (4) @
situations such as [flStt,$'61 , T+&A*f fi6]. (5) @
(f{)r\+iE "interuiew" nn.'*" XinHlRF.. AEMIEv (6) o
+4iilffi" (7) o
ffiE'ffi=ril.
<<fi4FH>> I 2 a > Sl"ttEEtrr < L( L* ->/c) .
(FJ), =
7 |f rl tl - 3 /.irL o tlEElt rs I L (1) Ifwe remove the modifring clause, this will be [4it
T Lt. ->/c. +tElixrtafrrlf(L*.'cld . It was I who bought
LoiLr(+,
+ryffiKftt bt I )= Y3&ltEF&rr( the book, so @ is not coffect.
L< Lt ->le) l:te D *f " (2) In this sentence, there is no [fA] , U"t t L,Jl - |. A
( 1 ) 46fiAirFo /:LF&E/nbrt br,X L* c t"

gv./c] ,1ft,4.1:F,t/c.l ,and [6 a-H,#,tuti)
Lr({, are all what I did, so the answer is @
L?ffihit L 6 L rffi dA tEtat,i:r) lt(
Loj .
(3) The person who was not there ( [ v. t3 1. '> t ] ) i.

L*.-clc) l:r3 4 g j'" 4aH ->lcalttL? Mr. Yamada , ro @ i. not correct.
9-r.6. @ltiBv.*f. (4) If we remove the modifying clause, this will be [*[F
( 2) H-ffit*t:#v' tcltF- Ila JE& l.F,t( r' ItdJHAl"l:ffLz1'lJ/d.Who was bothered ( [ENc
6.6i-.tr]<ii/.fi" /:l ) is not the head of the department, so @ is not
:ott:tt lfiLl rt\b I *-ti&rr, ILi-{- correct. Mr. Yamada does not question ( tHFd Ltl ).
1-6$vr/:J l1t\.r:Ht/cl t6 i ..tr-#/./jl It was he that was questioned ( IHH 3 ir./:] ), so
itA*Ff{/rL/c : L rfr. 6. 6,i. lJ@rf. CD is not correct.
( 3 ) il E 3,1 i:Av. i:*/clEEEl"lrrv\/.rr. il.1 (5) Ifwe remove the modifring clause, this will be [48.
El 3 &iJv.&i'o t" fi**&ELtl .There is [f,]'J in this sentence, but
""
Iv. /375.-; /._l o liilJ E E /-ff ,' 6. @il itwas I who tf;+gA€L< 6 6 o /:1, tf;+eaE
rBv.*f. L /c I . Th. person who tfi*€ t A L /c-l is not me,
(4) g[tr rtA-#rH H 6 ?L< E, < v. 6 so @ is not correct.
lTm * a,ll:;6 Lrt'u.,:" (6) Ms. Kim did not bring sweets with her, so @ is not
Lri Lr(t,
MffiKfrT L6L tStrEItIIJES /-|:AfiLrt' correct. Although it is not written in the text, it is I who
IJ/:) tt:ts\ *t" ltrc/:l c)lt$trrllr) l, L,E,o (tr.6l, so @ is not correct, either.
I fr>lf
tt) t t /-rt,6. Ol*8r,.i9-" IIJE3/-tl tH (7) l#tfr,-> /cl in @ was not what the robber did, so
Fd L/:"1 alJla ( < tqrdE *Lt J (]rtfi'b, it is not correct. It was not the painter wh" IJE l:,tr,o
@iiEv.*f. ftl , so @ is not correct, either.
(5) +8, trs0a?7TaY\rt HL($b"t ( fr,i " ! a 7 E lvliSEA ri ( La L*. c l:" "
frf ) *+S.€i*F,t
/clE$EltEL/c. (1) *+sEiFdt,fi 7 " wtt+tEfabtt:bt f< L* "> t:" "
Lri Ll t,
(
Erffiffitt bL. l+ H. f;*€trELtj l: *+F!€+k, trrll@Tff.

ts D t.t. : o)tl: lt[f* )trrb 0 * t&rr. tf;+
gAtrL< {: D "' /:l tfi*#tELl: ) a-tttL Eri/:" "6 i .'H#/-/J A*[?[E+t.f&E!S'f€. trrttA
rf. Tf;+€aA L/cl o)t.Jt|ctdd.* 0 *.t /- +E@.
,'8, Oi*Ev.*f" (3) "v\Ar'rl:" EtIEjEA, trfh@4xj.
*+4€i*dirtT "gtrFttiliE e A,r:ff
Lr.it/:" " h
(6) t 7 E l"rrBr.6++"2 < * ( < *LftlEETl (4)
xEf! ("El-/:") 6€*ltK, trJfte^ff" drEjt4

A+A 3 A,l: 6 *)LlI i LE- (v.6o
Z.EiETEA ( "AFd L/:" ), mEjifi r"l# ( "HPf, 5 rL
+ /. 3 i,rr*j *T & *$c ( 8 /: a? It &> 9
/c"), trft@Tl{"
* ril"r. 6@ll€v. * -l-. td) + 11$vr ( tr1
"+8. f;*€tiE L/:" " ts6lifrE7S
(s) *+S.€igBtttT
A D *rii,rr. t6tlI i LErl'1.r[_l a)t*
H"tL" ,trB"fr+gAAL( 6 e'o/c" "fr*#&iEL/:"
f,/,rfr.6. @iji6v.*f. ?[E+t'f&F!+'lH. i6 iF]A ( "f;+g&€ Lt" ) fl!z;€&,
(Z ) E& trs@,3-;h;tfi]t:hffit fi, -> < v' aE,r,: E a trrlbe4ff"
lf i ir/.c t" (e) TE4'#ffi*F!,F,h, trtt@Txj" E1+19.Htr, ltr
@a lvltficl:l tt Eblri irLti L E "bV I ) LEa <v,6" F!€+i, trttt@Txj.
rtt&) ?] *ri/,r.6€v.f f. [,Et:,A.-/cl (7) @Txi, Eh"kt fi - /:" F!;F€4''f6i. "IFl:,^', /."
oiJEA(" il6 9 *t/-/r' 6. @ltEv.*-l-" fr\6F-trr?, trtt@6xj"
(Example) If we remove the modi$'ing clause, it will be (q ) +4€9 ilXE r)a >6/.ltry-Ht rr( L(L
1fi'6H,i.6 E*#BErFfiffi ffiffi l- r-:>7 N3

t-;/et zl B'J4.
(1) +4€g dlB r4li4AtsEbliblf<Lt.->lct 7l hln!t,,9;.3
Eqq. 49 + ^l+g +ol7l "]+ql @e 5BqEl. IH=IEffi
(2) ol E+.il^J y tfiL_t zl S4 "J r p,$- h A#vr/.r
rfrAl:F.ri/:r rbi-tr-#i,/jr ts d*'llzl * tr EoHgAU (3) -Z0)IE (P.59)
"Jolos dE-e @EqEl. IffiHI

(3) rv. /31..7.r ts 6lEL4 alol p g @= EB q 4 .
<<ffi$>>
(4) +4eg 4E r$Fl*ilHtsl"l:ffLr'trfl:t 7l (1) $-i/"Li-Js'\A,L
9qq. rfflot] + 4e +*Hul dlqss O+ (2) a>/-Di < 3vr*&D,{,D( 3v.
€B q 4 . ol"l4 4 E rHPf, L/cr zl ulrlel rAH (3) 6)v.:,/'vrt$of.v.
ttv/ct lzl SBqq.
@e (4) <4rt\+?>rt\
(s) +4Ag r+E. f;$€tf Ltr 7l Bq4.
!!Xd (5) SDpo*$l)c
ol ++ql= tftL-t 71 9.;<l+ rfr+#A€L(6 6a (6) Lrol;"6'>+lf,<>
/:r rAtiELli.t ? +8q4. rfr*€&FL/:: E (7) Drg'>l\A''Dc"Bii,
'lzl olulg-e Oe =Bqq. ps ( 8 ) lB- /: L J b-)fr .> leb. i-
'J 4l= 4?il€ zl4& lol

(6) olrl @= €Bq (9) a bb-i.cr:>
4. E+ql= ,"q fl4 9+zl+ rarlri L,Ko( (10) fA*ri1"--fr1rg{tu
v.6r E 4ol.l"l @C q +.
=B
Q) @g t#tft-;let E+ol + 4ol dlq =.q 5gq <##>>
=
q. r)E[:l,/. t E 4zlzl o]tJs=- @g 58q4. tli*, Lrir!(
(1) (2) rJ, E#rr€@3ir(v.Ef. (:) l*
iri5a Llit?(
4 rtEDoFdE (P.s6) €El.ibL

ti.l LEB<<bL
[vrl fg466p1'pr]f. (4)
tfEE
tabL
til nr'EE t-j i:r3oaprgf.
Lrah?(
(5) (6)
[F"lE2l $ffiEa tatJht,oj nr€u63lr.(v.*f" (6) a l?6t)
Lriti(
<<#s>> at-2affi&ir€B8fu(v.tf. (7) a lL}l a
1 #glf.+tt[ D o c _]-1lE i _ yglzavtftir. I Dc I
6bD*f. (s) ii ral *rEffiai"<, -#rr€<
<<ffi#>>
: a,(v.*f. (9) riffif L * t3&i ( /iti/:Ev.
h a Lldl- ffiL & L /: v'4H t u' b v' bE'c (
l fi<,Ih-t') I?-t ) IE"cL) /rD660t-f"
v. * f ir. E&i: l-*[EA *.i-/e e>Rft l>Eb 6t, (10) tl [Aj oT$iirr ( rsc(EB [v.l /jdl:/ra
L.B,.' (l LEc (v.(. aiLri+go)ItHff" /:i LtJ(". ffi < L * tii6 bA J < Fflv\(v\6o
Itfi,afrfrolf ) itt l -: E LOIIH l:A-r (v. 6 J rttav\rLr ir.. ffifiH,z< ( ff8v..
i [:.F.i_*trr. E&*c] < mv\( ( /j 3v.. In (1) and 1Z;, tft" FS FSt i I
are omitted. In (S), the
The woman lists many reasons for wanting to move and t}le 6g: [vrJ are omitted. In tr* l-i.l(4), the
house, but, in the end, she says, "I thought that my mood changes to the'[EB [:I . In (5) and (6),the S€ l-,o]
would change ifl got a new place to live."fhis is the real is omitted. In (6), two #S ut" omitted in the word, [f
reason she wants to move.The other reasons seem to be ffil .I" (7),1D- ) is used for [10] even though it is
appropriate, but listen carefirlly until the end- usually pronounced I D ug c] these days. In (8),1 b )
kffiin l &.+Mffi46!4 S, &trif. " ffiE& 4. i-tc is omitted and the word is shortened. (9) is a casual
bfltl64.b 6i' 1,ts: (", BZ-EEEF!4*. tr'fe, expression used only in conversation. Th ere are also f &> ->
ffirH fr E lt){str+ fi^ffiXft1B fr , {EE*$^€. Fft U M1A t'1, I ?. bl,l Eo61, etc. (10) is an expression
EfratJ&.tr, trEUEffiHtA+" in which the consonant of I /1.I is omitted and only the
ol4= ol^lE 6lr dg ol+= qel zlul uJala gl vowel, I vr -l , is left. You may hear this form used more
zl u.l , ulzl qrol rolg El+E TIEE Hlg 4 zlrJ:L 4 often. It is a good idea to memorize both of them.
4dlrlr 4r. g6lJ. fl=ql , ol4ol dal "l+oJqEl. (1X2) +AffiTKE" (3) +AffiTKE 'a" tuLE
4=- olfrzl ol^|g olfE ",t= 4 ?41 ^g494"J, "vr"" (4) +KE "r" AFtT{trE "."" (s) (6) +€-ffi
ulzloltfizl e Eq Bd^19. a {48" @" . @ +W" +'ffi" AWTffi+WrE. (D +" 10"
ffiE . ffi:aE,
WEE, &WIAnTk "t),p-",1!,EIUii "Dc". (s) (6) @
+AWT " b" , iitAET. (e) €tri*+&[€trFlifr,*, (7) @
6H'&>-6" "?">t'" "E"cb" +iill*^. (10) + "4" (8) @. o
A\ffitrÊF, J].fttT-E "v.". *hA)E+, HryFf|J
H\vtr&" <<##>>
= *+dl ^J+gq g+qq. (3) e *+

o.) Q) '€JE6I#FJCE. (frf l) l-t ->T&>tf/e ) r9-r.6. illBt6&rrEl
til e+ s+ [v.] z] ^B+qq 9+q4. (4) ** 43 A'afcd>l.ryHt t v) t L/c.
li)zl ++({EE\1">)zl9q 9t+qq. (5) = (6) L i: ttt'
@J2) I L 6'ritl
ttF.:ryvr-f. rljE6l"r\'E
+ s+(&B) tol zl d+qq gl+qEl. (6) I t+ tr3 l"l:64rL(. E+3 /,rrgFA L D
'di) 2 zl9 s+(&B)ol ^d+qq 9l+q+. (z) * L/:"
=
I t10_J 9 gge rl#g tDl9?l iljl "J6l= A+ att 4 n\'
(frJ 3) t L bttl:) I**.hV,,rrt. H+3l"rr€
7l Y+;<l+, [Dal E 9l+q4. (8) e l4] 7l ^B+ Httu)*Lt"
99 *"lzl *.14 gl+qEl. (e) "J+ q 2t= Hl (1) IFL(66ctl -Cfi.t>, 1'r v6&rr
=
"J -cde-tr l&>.>t') l?.ctr) lE"ct>l 5'E 9l+q +A { l"i: tAL( ( /j3 v._l L *sffiv. L(.
4. (10) e tal 9 zl*ol $.q4 s+ fvrl u3og +a 3l"rr€L* L/:.
€ "J-tr , 59 "I= ol+g zl+ Ey 4+zl y+xl ?+g (2) t< l3 3a/:l tt t(itl:l aH'trrW<-f"
4 -Jq+. o&+ s+ 7196I +d^ls. tl: 19.1 ttbt) *.tLnr.[( ir./:.] lrfta (fL
tt,h'\' ; r' tll" . D r )v-ja L) l:t11_"696 : L ('fr. b,
2 ffiffiQtzDOFF*.tIE (3) -FEE(I ) JE4ErriX 0 *L/c.
(P.61)
(3) tF,ri<6 6ol:l 'efr.6. t) /E/-ir lH
tffiH1I /:r,:l L 7'l E/,t"*.Fv.L<. 7 4 t /,lt
<<ffig>> Et* L/c. ff/'0.F,/:o)lt,
L i:ltf
> 8A,ff"
(1) o (4) tEl bt6l ttfulyVct. q3trt6t3vrJ. Lf
(2) @ I < AL\: t rsEtt6of. Errtr q ta"
(3) e ( b ) l-**. (; 3'ri/:l,a'6:ltlLc-f. HE E A,
(4) @ ,rl(${ A'tt=l?zi.. L(. tFE i,ir**c ( 3

(5) o * Lt.
(6) [v. Dd>6tt/c) a$.hVr-f" ft#3l"ri
IffiH2I ilJTE&tv.DeD* L/c.
<<ffis>> (T ) I E *>tttc I a9,h'#c-l.. ffi^ 6 i,r.-{fiff
(1) o E /-I: lh L/:ltJE/u/rv.Tl LEv.* L/:"
ilt t |tt.
(2) e ( 8 ) tffi* ttf:J tt*.hV<i" E+ 6l"ri t A
(3) @ 3 i,l:fts4ffi8-!Lt:"
(4) o (Example 1) As the phrase is I t -c ( b llt J , Ms.
(5) @ Yamada took the picture for Ms. Tanaka.
(Example 2) I L b'atlcl is M|FM. Ms. Yamada asked
gtt*oH*noJ (3) -&i€. gg. (ordered) Ms. Tanaka to take pictures, and she took
(
- ?) 6lf 6./ $ b a ,/ <nA (P.62) them.
(Example 3) tL D it /c_J is *.hM. Ms. Tanaka took
IffiH 1I pictures of Ms. Yamada.
<<#€>> (1) As the phrase is t F L < l> t' .> /: I , Ms. Chan
(1) @ askedMr.Kimto [GtL( < /jEv. l,soitwas
(2) @ Mr.Kim who lent it.
(3) o. @ (2) t < /j E c /:J is F-W.M for [ ( i'ul:l .There is
(4) @ (
[*LJ in this sentence, but [ ill:] refers to an
(5) o "o
action which is done for me (or people in my group),
l0 E1l6fr.Za Et#FÊttft ffiffitL-->?N3

so it was the teacher who sent it. rll 3ll^.1 6I= 63 g ol E e d ol -H-*+q 4
"ll ^J H .
(3) As the ptuase is l-flri( 6 6 a t] , Ms. Lin asked (3) r-Et<{: b:/e: ol sE fl /nl7l r{a dr}r e}
Ms. Ai if she could see ( t -tr /: t7r I ), and Ms. Ai a olol alqlil +qql^l olol al=. trq+fl+q
showed it to her. Therefore, it was Ms. Lin who saw it. El. :rzlsE. e ae A r4Eqq.
(4) TE 6ii6l is/tF|kM. His brother does dangerous (a) lffi6'ri6: BF.Col 96J* "Jol
=^]E€dJqE].
or bad things and this causes his mother problems. 4 #zl 9** Fg oJ 6lqzl $ulz| S-z.ltN{ulr}.
(5) [S- ( a 3't]/:-l is M.itkYt. Ms. Yoshida gave (5) r#c(i3t/cr g^lEl rlTi
= ^lE€oJq4.
instructions to Ms. Mizuno, and it was Ms. Mizuno El=l- 4l ollZl 7'l^l6loj El?u 7l4q+q4.
^l7l
(6) rv. Dd> t>tttct q 4l zl olEl
= +F€ E
who brought it. EI .
^lE
(6) [t,r l)d> btttc) is *.HM. Mr. Sato bullied Mr. ^14
!lE:fl+qq.
,,q=
Yamashita. Q) lEbttle t +F€"Jq+ . a:771 4l7l ^lE 4l
(7) lEt>*tic) is *.hM. Mr. Suzuki said to Mr. Sato, ql4 rLll"Jg = "J4i 4l "J*6ulrl.
(8) r#i* *r/:r
=zl
lEEltEit/rvttl .
=
+-F€.J Lltrl . ulrlzl 4l7l E 4l oI
(e) tffi* fu/:l 'rs *.hM. Ms.Tanaka askedTorn to do ,il g9 +q*+q4.
ajob.
( fil 1) tr}JE "L ->( btftc" Ffiu)EfiHJt+.'AF,+
IffiE2I
<<Fg>>
ft&flHfrtfE"
(1) o
( FJz)" t bqtlc' EIFltg" dtEftei#* (Et'ft+) E
(2)
+it+, &E+ftkh(ew--rffi" o
(3) o
(f,J3)"t bttte" E+rtil. ElFft+f;HTffi.
(i) EIXE "HL(6 b-:te", Ffit:)E4,lK$4'#ii, "€
(4) @
(5) @
L( ( /j{v.", ifrfifilEzl.#"
(2) " < lj6 ->tc" F " lttt:" tu1€,ffiW" 6l+Ef,tit€
<F#,>>
" fl^", [HF- " ( ttle" tzrr'J+tElfi FfE,,\fl+trFt+ffi
Ffiv)htu\^F*ZIF"
,
(ffi) no^lrr4o^t:ftst [f cLv.( (f c
i€ "-E {f < $ /e",Ffr D)Ezl $f,}'.fzJrf if "fl r", <J:;v.()l L Ec (vr * f lna Ltrr
) t ra'.6.
(3 e> -> /3
) El 1
frtffi t l:rtfr t l:fffiA " tr.ftEja4ErlFE.4"frffJ4ilF

t CI
i tJ ,t Elu
D *.t. alL&
"
^tt=tt8-tffiLfi
Eh*t.t 6 L@r-f .
(4) " w bt 6" F-fftk. frfrtff.ftwelntrffi+ffi , &tg
Lllq}jG.
(r) Eo lt z< &< ) L Ec (,
^nrlto)At:z t. L /:" i nt fnl,&\.t=
< rLr.'a
(s) #.t ( i 8'ti/:" €&{. Efrft +lEm7KWft+,
"
iLTKWe*1.
^fft
f6 Lorf"
"v.DD6lrt:" E&4t" e#ft,+W.f1T ilJTftA" (2) *oLrtr [b D i I LEoTHa)yrtrt
1oy
'rL ffr.b. O(f"
6 a L.tH/-acvr*f.
(z) " E tcltt:" E&4r " #ftft,+xttr#lft+in " EA fl It
E?tt*L.-e""
G) ko^rtr [,1.'26+tr) (],"c(ti/je))l
L Ec ( v. * f b,* -A0Airil.c.* L t i &
(s) "*i * ttl:" F*at
" fr + JE+ilttJWfr+l&+. '.
t:/r *f. atLtf.hyt:tA t@ct"
tl
( ql 1) f L oT&>tflct oltlz| olulQ ,tl= 4+7t 4l
(4) *o LrtJ lijffia ( /i 3 v..] L t"'E',. L (.
= ^ld€ 49+qEl.
+ldl^l
EaLrtif brt'-/:) LEi-/caa,@o l'#-;
( ql 2) f L 6.ri/:r 4l= E}+
=- ^lq€"JLi4. "Lolcl T 4> r' "> /:l i: a t] * t-. Ott [at]/\rrq
4 4l.ll/il +q ( BB ) 44 44zL ,lllzl ^ld$
4q+q4. a Lt'ft -ctl L v. ; gmo&Ftr-A-.
( ql 3) f & t>lttet Y
+++"Jq4 . 4'lzl 4171 ^14 G) ta^rtr9goî: l-'#,ttia ?l LFflvr<v,
g 49+q4. *f ,'6, 4oArrE;ilt#,/-f
iu A ,kL
a L i:13 4 1
(1) rAL<S t>->tct 6llvl* ulzyz14l"il1l rFLr
-f" .rL&*.q*.t:g6L@rf" oti t^c)
( /:'Ev.L 4-z P99 6ll^l ? 4{7} gejig+q4. rr E FtA-ifi r"fl & v. i guFo&?ii"eg-.
(2) r< ff8ctr ts r( ltlc.r I +U €'JqEl. ++ (Example) The man asks the woman to do a job ( [f c
L t,.( (t-r (*3vt().1 ), so the answer is [4O
9l rfl,r E S4 EJ r ( *r-lcr E + ( Lll :zBg
^l+ ) rr4o,/r'i:&SASF&/j.1 . @ is the *.h*. fo'
ffiE'ffi=in 11
this sentence. (5) qzlzl HzlglZl l--tfiA,liD ? I zljl E-,1 I o o=
(1)The man said to the woman, l4 i-< 4T ) ,and V^l7l oJTlZ gle aol Bq4. olE +FEoe
then the woman thought. O is the &fi t for this El'ftr OEq4. Og f4oAirEF8tffil"/jr el
sentence, 9"19 ^lEEoJqq.
=
(2) The woman says, [ 6 U) fir L. a .l , and she is happy
about what the man is doing. So the answer is @ .
E *EDOF"IE (P.66)
(3) The woman says, [J,c 6 + ff u) (f,,c ( ttta)) ], (F"1ffi21

which means she is giving a warning. @ is the *4 <<ffig>>
I for this sentence. 2
(4) The woman asks the man to [*;ffi6 ( /j 3 v.l and
the man replies I bll'-t /:-1, so the answer is @l'ft- <ffi-#>>
T i> E, "> tl . O is the f€itt which means IAO Ya+E fF?il lWFfrl L v. i . L tJtJH( *
(5) ^rttrycl-^tt+->/c)
.
*f ,r. ; ;.rttilry3ir.(v.*t/-. 4rlf *
The woman asks the man, [ ffi /- la 0) ? _l , so this 6Al:cv.( 6. Al:6F-; (v.*rt/." [86_l
means that the man read her diary. @ iu ttre €4* L v. ) -' L tf,i*tt)+l ?&> u) t.t A,rtr. lffiEo f
for this sentence. @ is the {Fit* which means [A
* o:' L tlocl1,r,tF. frilfi. fr.t,fi. ffi'o n I
o) rsHFt&ffi/"/jl . d)#[r]t*. fitEo) l-FJ#i o#,EEcg-" t /c. 6t
( f! ) F Hf xitrFlifr,fr,IlF" P c L vr( (t c ( Jsv\ () ", Lr,Lj( i'
taa I +&:-rrt.&#'2 (ft&E*t fj o*[r]ti. tF
+iit<
Ffr D)8 " n a L,{Aq)/\ [cf]S a*Frlj"
" +Ej]+ Ltr,}}'E-l rf" iEfrffi o'#ffM.htL( v. /r ( L
EJ+N.FXiIBANFIiE@)" ( 6. lIi.o i L lf f Ec (v\6 : 2.rt\frru) t.t

(r) qF!x{f Htin "zi-<4<" #trkfr\tRT" fE ,.6ilHL(( /jEv..
Bt6lTAFi&:rkE"Efr,E@" In this sentence, there are words such as I B H _l and
@ kE\iX' b q rtr t a ",^JHW4&W+mtrX. FfrUF;O.
l&Ffil ,b"t they are not explained here. It does not say
@kfr\if, " ).'t' +/iE (La(lt/j&))", EtrtEAq anJthing about the participants either. There is no word,
E Ft " +etsaft +*.FnLafrm,E@ "
(4)kfl\ik "#t+L ( /i*v.", HtrliH "bn''ctc", Ffi
D)F@ "t$c(6 bcl:". O€ "ta^lriBo]^t of theIF6-l of the lecture. Moreover, [S4."aItl*c
ft"tle" tuI|fr'tkFJ" (ffi&in* (J in the last part refers to I-F L j^41'
E.l . %" should note that, even if words that appear in
iE. tEBf6l?*.114'EAlH-drp.O" O€ . k a Lrtl the multiple choice options are not used, the same thing
E=iiltffi,/-/:' W&LVH. may be said with a different expression.
( ql) +:tzl olxlqzl 99 rf c lvr( (f c(Jev,
r)r elr "J6lr 9lg=.e. rBaL*rAaLIE&. fr ffi frlifr,EA " xtT- 6E )J8tu1 Lfi,lkH Il /t iHaA. I +e
St$F,a,/i: 7l €qq. ol49 +F#e-tr. dl+ *19H "fr*' "ffi#a L 3 o: L [fr)
r3+i'1, lEF_.
tr @.Jq4. '>tt'l.h, EE#. nAi, 8.0h" F!*[r], -Ekp.lrE
(1) $zlz| olzlqlAl tZ Z< 4<r ela "Jola r4l^J olzl
t#BFr+H!. 6H &.trffi " P-L=artt # o (ffi&-l** r"
7l ^J4*+qEl. ola€ + Hl+tr O"JLltrl.
^lq+o frI"n{b, E'i€ "FLL;afr*"" ffigi}H, AFiI+4
Q) q47l tb\rt\t a r 4l *oX pxlz| a1; a35 ffi Ef+In+&ffi F! idlt, mH f Hu F!id[.
g 7lrE6-lr. g+qEl. _aelEs O"Jqq.
Ef9l rffiHr r&Ffit 4Y EJol +94EJ, qzl.I^l=
(3) oJzlTl t):ct:+/jr) (,1.o(tt/iE)r elr 96}
€Bqq slzl *Gq4 . +7loJ + g= ^l*ql rl6l^lE
.a !l o ps q,+71 +g= adl €Llq. "lag dl-+fl t#ol sG:qq. rFJ6'r ol4E
= "J* s6.i szl
+5.E- o E ul+€ @.J 'J trl .
sI , rm#r) L I 0): L tfoazl'e.F. [E#, naF. a
@) q^l7l r$ffiB < f;8v,r 4r +qg ql^l Bzlzl
Dtr: FE9 z*49 fFJ6r 9 €B'Jqq. E+, El;<l
tbfi'-c/:.t 4l uliBr} o o E @9 fffi: ( {: B
= "+9 t+A.-ifi Affi c (ft&E** f: 8ts9 rH LjLAFEI
/eJ zl €u]4. Og rAq) r\Ho)^.tt?olet el oJrJ4. d4zl9
"Jol 2tola glzl tlr.l4s +€" "Je "J
=
9Elel
^lEE.JqEl. B}r 9l= 4*s 91o o= +9Ell +d^ls.
12 4f"bH,Za EtFFBEtEfrF ffiffi F t/- - >? N3

Lt.a)71t6r)l sqq 9l+q+. (5) (6)3[<
Unit O4 (r)ij < l7l tL < (L'< )ls qq 9l+q4. (7) I lrr
fiFftIt, LtlLlll zl [r**{,.l E qq 9+q4. (8) 3 lre(
<ttJ 7l Ire ( 6 <,_] s 9ol 9l+qE] . (e) =. lffab:
E FOHSNU (4) <L* i -Kb->6+ i.j 4 [(v.6*( 6 I zl a]41
-Ef [,ZEtf AEAtEIYn) (P.69)
'4oll 9l+q4. (10) g tL(Lt i'Lu' t'i-l 4
t(*s ( *L >
affiiiiot e)oiE+.tfi,(4)
rtL\ - uritlh
(f ) Hi(r,.(-H,i-(T
ef a;"n<,,**ffi,LD+
-fi#*rE, (P.70)
(3) i8'c(L*i'&-t'Pj IffiH1I

( 4 ) H c ( L*.'c lc c>-H-> L * -> l: t> <<ffig>>
(5) ft'c ($ ( -'ff z L ( (1) vtt/jStvr. e
( 6 ) €4,rft'v\(+IE/v Dv\<' (2) tstb\' c
Q ) +( L/rllielr-F ( Lrr 5 + (3) FE,L<. a
1 3 ; $vr(*3i.& ( (tir#v.(*jr'lr < 6 {' (4) ELtira(. f
( 9 ) *Sb- T Lt' o(v' 7a-Wb'cb <'c( b (5) fjEl:r'r'0. d
(10) L(L*c(*:j* aEv\rL6+o L 3 /rf v'
<Fil>>
<<ffi#>> L,i!?(
i 1 ; tv./c/J /:9t 6t * L:f{vt*f"
llt'lJi lJAlri l
It t(L*il ,r [6*,i] t:A-<v'*f" (5) (3) r++Ef bl B lF.al offi-#;+rt. (4)
(6) iJ t< (r) fi<l rr tL< (D()l l:ir. l&vs.rf a lttf C-{6./ ffftt']o#&;+rf . ( 5 )
(v.*f" (7) il lrrllfi.iJ] ,r [43 +] i:/r- [$Et:r.r.6l B tait o]*##i;iir-1.
(v.*f. (8) lf [/r((ll.l ir lrr(6+.1 t: (1) [v./:/j( I i. ffi#;+for [6 ba ].(2) tii
/rr(v.*f. (9) ll. lKb'>(Lt'i-Wb"> - < /jfvrl oft*iE D ( /jEv'l isusedtoask
6*,il L [(v.b-ab) riL.,Lxl:tfr.bxt something in a polite way or to recommend something.
(v.*f" (10) lJ.tL<L* 1-Lr'*'i.i L t( i' a*#i* for I Ha ) . (4) [d Lt'rr
(3) l++F,-f z".l
$ ( rL ( I 7)rv.- L xt:Ifr.btt(v.*f. 6 I is +&F* fot IE,sr ,/ffi.tr.l. (s)tti El l:r.r.6 "l
Ivrl 6f Ia1r ] f -l is omitted. In (2), If it-l
In (1), the is#-#;+for [Ai.l .
changes to I D+-l . In (3) and (4), [( L* ) I changes 1r; "v./:/i<" € "6 r'a" h\Hi*i*" tzl "*:tr0
to [6+il .h (5) and(6), t< (('') *,i( J change' ( /jEv." fl! "#- ( tEv." EB-1!Ui€*4etI5|J
to IL ( (L< )] .in (7), llallit'lJl changes to [/r /\'f&++Ff i{Hfr!. (3) "++-Ef b" fr"F b" E!Hi*i*.
3 +] .In(8),[/a < (lfl changesto [/3 ( 6*'] .In (4) "ELiri6" E "E.sa,zAhtr" Bletrig. (5) "*5
[#Sb.l(L* i -Kb.> 6+ i] and IaP.5
(9), "Ai" F!Ei*iE"
trrifi'rt'a" E
-( b ) are used together. In (10), I L< Li i -L 11; [v'/:t<]
= t66il
el e"]q"Jq4. (2)
6 + i I and [(*i ( -L ( -] are used together. I t*i-( /jEv.l = C+6141 +
ttitr!1 < /:3v.1
1r;"(v. * f"f H!"v."€'ffiT"t21"-cl*"Ant" D+". '+614+ fl+e "rl +q4. (3) tF-Ef 6l ffl'bl
(3) (4) "( L* i " AFI "+'* i" . (s)(6) "( ("e) ti <' "
9 A"JqEqq. Q) lALLrtrbl = tA'r6,/ft{rl
qfi"L < (L<)". e)"lsIJ{Ltl"'Lfi"tr3+". (s)"re I +4"1'Jqq. (5) tt"'El:r'r'6.l = tAil I
< (li" AFi "/*( 6+". (s)"Khc(l-*.i'W*>- eolq"JqEl.
L+i" fiE "<v,b-(b" -fu&H" (10) "L(L j
j-LL+i" fn "<*:(*L<" -ts{FE. lffiE2l
(1) g l(v.*f.l 9 [v.l 7] 't+9 a'JqE]. (2) <<fi*€>>
lf lll zl iD+l -tr gdl 9l6qq. (3) (4) = [< (1) @

=
ffiE 'ffiin 13
(2) @ brev.l E lifDrltrrv.l zl €q4.
(3) @ ttrtr] tHal g +Aq"JqE].
(3) [*sfF"1.L:r*6"j=
(4) o 14; fvrbcL+6.l ts fv.6J [f (.i l-*61 g €a
(5) O qEqq. qTlql^l= l-ij+ffirr- l olee lv.
61 9 9"loJllrl.
<<ffiiH>> (5) [ir.rril (ti<)l r(fdEa]r]r zt
(fU)
ttk(.i J
L F L*fl
tFflritE).io)tr=#F$rf. [- = t;fiiaA
F 9"19) ffi(r 9 AololoJLl4.
ovc, HEffi/|rEfta&ffit=i L I t. b L" l'/u\r,
,fEv.*f . g EEto,b1F,€?z6n) (P.73)
(1) [1166] tr r"ral a#ff.'.+r't-"

IffiE 1I
(2) l-i6Dr:.ltltfr c (1.6ioffffi#rt" [*n <<#s>>
6rrvrj tf IitrD(.[t4vr_J b.ts0t.t" (r) b
(3 ) tt"'tha i: tr 6 J t*l-fFtr )ltra" Jal#W*r't'" (2) f
(4) [v.6->L+ 6l ti [r,.6J f :tj < ] t*6.j (3) d
tAllr\ 3
d)S&F*'ef" ;.rrl. ltr+ffirr: j r (4) a
fi.6. [v.6] oHpRtf. (5) c
(5) l-ir.rsiJ d tntiaa (fr()l t(tHffif6l (6) e
oHDFo) m<t o#e#ai:r-r"
(Example) l-Ffl is ffii*E$ for tB)l ,In the form <<#il>>
l-- L + L * f l,weuseitwhenweintroduce (frf) l-Ui ) t.Eo(v.*fi'6. E/J6+E
?
ourselves.
TalLt#-(v.*f. [Ji.of; a] b#i
(1) tAE 6J isS&ffi for l"f 7al .
L5t:r<&)*4,rf"
(2) t:F D/j_i is S&o'F for [*[o (v.61 .lfrbts ( I ) t+ LB(i 5v.*-tii,rL/.1 ll. Ht1r.'L
v r_J changes to I i # D f li lr L.J .
/: i L l:zv.<<v'iav: l:6+ * 6 & * f.,f{
(3) [*:ifhar:rr 6l is +&;+ for lfttrlJE6 ) .
v.tf.
(+) [v.6 ->L+ 6 J is S&ffi for [t,r6-1,l-fi < l, t*
(2) lren'-r.j-r /: I ialtt. b * I H.i_ (v. lri.-
6J. Here,because of ljs*ffiir- l,it means [r,r tc0, H,i--C v.6 i L t: pffi75r1.2. ->f:gt
b). 5 L *. Mfl,o/:Ar,:Mv)*f"
(s) [i r'rri I is ff#ffi for lilta6 (fi ( )"l, f ([g (3) l--a6. -tJ?l ti. *H*l:T t:)\4 7t
Hf6l oHDFo) ffi<l .
f6 L * l:f{vr g f. tE+aE= (vr6 i L
(Fl)"fit" E "Ei " f.lH#iE" H*frEr,Jii,HE t T, 4futr2-sv\< 07
I te t' J OHfrf E c
tr+plwtqfl "-L F L*f". tlfl ttfr.c(E.t (v.*f"
Nu f ,l x A
(r) "/aE b" E "tb" H,1€trLt" (4) l-;o)Hr*i6ei SgTLtl ti, AeFr)
(2) "eFD/j' E "fuo(v.6" F!€ffiE. "fo6lrv."
i;&E tL"c( 6 6 o t: 0, E#tlF"> T I: t> <>
B!€ffiiE€ "i6Drllrsv.". t:D LT, <abt i:6 i -EA-: t L, 3 f:
(:) "Fth&.i:r* 7a" E "frt:" ftE "96" Ft€ffLr.
'v't>-> Le6" € "v'b" "ft<" "*a" fi!€ffi#.
Ei *i+Lo)44("-i-.
1+1 (b) t-<6 6vr/:v.l tt, *jmL\ttzaLAt.
f€v.*f" [-(v./:/j*tr,.] tl6= L(v.
H!HH"
fuprtafrr,rJfff.
"i r.rri " F "#ta6 (ff < )" fil "ffi < ("gHf
(5)
(6) [-lfv.v\J o) [tJ.l oHfrrtt. *fr,Ltc6
6, FgHE)" F!Hffii*. v.rr.i L. ) i,uLv.E L tFo(r,r*f. I
(ql) tFft 9 A.Jq.JLl+.t--lFL*
=tFiJ tLl: lol.) t2tI6 L. ttuL trEoffi*
fJ I €eile xlzlazllsJ xl.tl9 olEg'Jg
"l tr?b o tco)T6irffi &Eâ (t,\ 6 i. L t: A D *
']l #q4. f" .i(li, t(+E+rrFtrA) S{nc((
(1) tA3 b) Y lf b) 9 +Aq"JqEl. tLb ) a L &H.t,f vr * frr, fr ) ra gtal1,.
(2) t:trDrl E [*llc(v'6j I +AqEq4. lfr teartil&Ea(v.*f.
14 Elr 5H,i.6 Et#HEtitF Wffi l. v - =2,7 119

(Example) As the speaker says, I L'i ? ] , the speaker fl+"J "I zla]|= -S.€oJq4.
invites her friends or subordinates."Ifyouwant"( [I (i) rFLflisu.*F&rL/:r E.al4lol 'J "Jql El
rt'o/ab ) ) is also an expression frequently used to 6llî c66l
^lr+g
cl 6q4.
invite somebody. Q) t6fi,-liclcIla: B-tr zlq6l.a 9lzl 9}A+
= q.JC
(1) l-F LARi'$vt *t&f L/c.l is usedwhenwe TlEdl.a fl= a"il rNaN x141o1 flg Efl +1
apologize politely for something we did. 6ll^J #qEl.

(2) lffizJ,-ti. t I hl is used for confirmation, when we (3) r-feb, -lf ?r b trll4lzll atg ql #q+.
rrabr *41^l "J;ll:.
dont rememberwell, orwe are not surewhatwe remember. ^JEIzl "J6lj1 *= ag
ql ql+ 3t€ rttr E gt+qEl.
(3) [- rr B, - tf ? -l is used when we give some advice
^l+6lol 'J6la
to our interlocutor. We say what our interlocutor said (4) r.o)HUt:+'ZiZ *TL/:r *tI7l +qlrI
lr b J , followed by the advice using I lf J rll+9 il+l +4Ll 4^l€=
before I .
^l^19 "J=q +ZL}
(4) [E 00)Hlii b< i E * (.' Lt] is an expression of ;19 , :rl*"ll + H rl "J*g ql "Jal= ,J^19
thanks used when you see someone who has recendy _EdoJqEl .
treated you to a meal or made a meal for you. (5) r-<6 bv\tv\j +qg E "tl #L-l rl . r^-r
=
(5) t-( t>6vt/:vrl is used when you want to make a v./ctE /:v,r E qq c++ S.d"Jq4.
request, [-( V. ft /j * 7- pr] is a more polite way to (6) r-tfvrv\r 9 rtfr gql^lE dd6lB +g a,
say this. 7lC ag "J6lr 9l+qq. olzlql rol:1 g go1
(6) Before the I lf.l of [- lf v. pr.l, the speaker says ts :44ts qlEl.el Ar+71 9fi, o o.e €"Jg "J6l
what would be nice or what would make her happy if r.9l= 4ol Bq+. olTlql^lb r(ttcllzl xltlg)
a particular thing were to occur. Ifwe add [O l:l , it Esl ib: d€ ul4l 9lzl*, -r"€41 q,<l *il
o ss E"Jg
means that there was the opposite result and that she "J6ll1 iltqE+.
is not satisfied. Here, she hoped that t (+E + rr B f
t) Tli"c< ) tffiE2l
< fu7a , so she complains about the
<<ffis>>
fact that it did not happen.
(t)OO @x @C @x @x
t firJ I ii,i6,\f"1 "E i ? ", FfiV)F-WNEEfr}-4tt H -,{U (2)Ox
'fn'fft Fl;\. " t /t' -t tc b' &,Etri#H'1E1'fFH&H
@O @x @x @C
H!
(3)OO @O @x @x @o
*4. (4)Ox @O @x @x oc
E]€ffiT1Th6^.
<<tR>>
Q) "Mrt'-fio/c I ia" ffi T6fii, FIX{ H BZ-'tiB{+F!
(Example) You have tickets for a film. You want to invite
your friend to go with you. What do you
(3) "-/r 6.-l{ ? ' E4xtllBtetX.HtE{'{E&HA\. 'lt say?
O Go to see this film.

6" EfE,E.Lr'JFIEEUHI+1H, fttrH "tf" +EfiH
@ Would you like to go to see this filml
E Htjl+t!..
". d)Hlt gb< i { * ? L/:", @ I am not going to go to see this fllm.
(4) HXyrtfrffi&;H&
@ I went to see this film.
Wtfr., EkAfi I ffrFEtr trHtktrtUx$F Ej, xjx{F
this film.
@ Let's go to see
*^Bttrfirf{F.
(1) You are late for an appointment with a client. What
(s) "-< 6 6 vr/:vr", ffi Ti€*r'lFi&#+. "-(v./:
do you say?
/j3/:v." EE€tffiin*.
(6) "-tfvrvr" F! "tf" FlBfffiE*4TffiifibtITFlStB.
@ I'm sorry I'm late.
@ Wait a minute, please.
fi RtrEilnt " o)tt:", WJ#.r'1+ltlffiP-ft1t+*R, A e
@ I'm sorry to have kept you waiting.
HTffiH.fr\'lH%" ABs, in'ffiL€BfrtrfiF "(ffi
@ Can I wait?
@ I've been waiting for you.
Ffi Uin1fr iffi tH 4 "
( q) rl.i Ê"EIUZ-'
? I 4l "J6lr glgo,e a++ +ol4^l
(2) Your teacher's bag loola heavy so you want to help
Bqlal zl;<lr fl6lr 9l+q4. rIi'o/cBr E carry it. What do you sayl
@ Professor, may I carry your bag?
ffiE . ffi=Jn 15
@ Professor, would you like me to carry your bag? @'f668*4,8+ti)+W?
@ Professor, would you like to carry your bag? @+k *TTSWit+.nH#r"
@ Professor, could you please carry my bagl @ l frIljflf{'tc*nnZnH W., t[E /zN EtrFj.kt
@ Professor, I will carry your bag. @ , 4,lKilt*48 IHFt4++.
ZIfr
(3) At a company reception desk, you are talking to rhe @z[fr, ffiii,4.5K4iH{Fi.
receptionist about your appointment with Mr. Tanaka. @ zlT , 4'5Knl r-,(i€,fHn9 i
What do you say? @ Z[fr , n]Xit4.d&'i##in9 z
O I'd like to meet Mr. Tanaka. @ztJfr, 4'#ii,4i€1F,i.

@ Can I talk to Mr.Tanaka?
@ Have you met Mr. Tanakal ( el) €El s.= zlzlr 9l+qq. A+€ Eelqlq ?
@ Could you please meet Mr. Tanakal 61 4a d+q+. +14.]1 **4zlz
@ I am supposed to meet Mr. Tanaka. O ol €cl Eel 4.
(4) You tell your teacher that your friend, Ms. Chan, will @ ol g s+ -Hzl oJ aql ?
be absent from school. What do you say? @ ol €F+ _H-ul oJ ZEl.
@ Professor, Ms. Chan, looks like she's going to be @ ol gsi trel *q .
absent from school @ ol SEI E"l7l^1.

@ Professor, Ms. Chan, told me that she would be (1) q^}.a,+49 ++ *q 4H+qEl. +l?+
^lzql
absent from school. r g+qzl?
@ Professor, can Ms. Chan, be absent from school? O tq 4el^J 4+*qEl.
@ Professor, may I have Ms. Chan, be absent from @ +^l 7lEl4 +d ^l-s .
school? €) zlEl4^lZl iil^] =l++qEl.

@ Professor, Ms. Chan said she would be absent from @ zlqeiE qA+Hqzlz
school. @ zl44r 99+q4.
(2) dCHq Aol +Zej Bq^J EelE44L ^3'jg-
@rl) (rH H*xtg^, Htri*finE-fu*, E/aifi.t qEl . +l?+a 'J6J'lzl Z
OtsBF€FI, LE*EIV, O d^Jts , eg EqE Evlg?
@i-*F€F',*T*Et o c^JH , d9 E"t =4.v19?
@B*F€FI, &A*8" @ Eed+q4?
d^JH , Ag
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[F':ffi21 E[rt6g
<<f,*s>>
16 I 2&2 E EOHAAT., (s)
-Hf; L,zEt*oFos{ve) (P.80)
<<eR>>
IffiEI
(1) You want to do a new job in the company. What do
<fi4€>>
you say'
(1) ?v\((. zv.(v.(
1. If you dont mind, would you let me do that?
(2) *u) E*Lt'+ c /:. *u) .EtL< L*'clc
2.lf you dont mind, would you please do that for me?
(3) L6rblrvr. L(L*b/rv:
3. You can try doing that' ifyou like.
(4) fh*rr ( 6+. th*rr ( (lt
(2) You want to invite your teacher to a Party. What do
(5) trl"D+, frLrlt
you say?
(6) HLL:). HL(ii.i
1.We are having a party. Do you want to come'
( Z ) *v. L. i.lrvr 1. ffv.(*3*'Av\ L
professor?
(8) ruffiLL * +. rumL<*iitlJ
2.We arc having a party. Would you like to come' tt
(9) tA<6+, L L\<. H((L* o(*;v'(
professor?
(10) HCtt L r,.6 *,. HCul<J:'v'<lt
3.We are having z p^tty. Is it ok if you come,
professor?
<Fil> L!.nr(
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3. irR , -Ei{€i&rE I
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1. fi'fil44'irKrf , Z!fr?&M'*Wt
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3. fi{il4/lirKxj , 2tfr!6.*1][\z
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tJ l-Hcrt(*i4-ftcLlL<l L [(lJ*6+l
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l-<L* )l changes to [6+ il .tn (a) and (5), [(
('e) tfj changesto [6+ (D+)l .In (6) and(7),[(
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3. {$e!4tr, "I 84.#qz}? mL L < I a"d [-lliJ** +l are used together. In
(2) d c^JHg +qql arll6l-a d#qq. +l4ji "J
(e), tB<(L* i -H(6+ i.l and [($ ( *
6Jq4?
L ( -l are used together. In (10), [HCll(# ( *Ho'
1. +q71 gl=EI d.^JHE 9-7 dq.s- ?
"+dJ|gl=El , ddHE 9^lzl g:4+qzl It L < .l and [( 11*6 + -l are used together.
2. ?
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3. rlqzl 9l=r] . d^JHC s^lE ?
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lfilv. * f] A L'rsaffi s ir(v. t f"
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Btil e+ t<ii(-L ( ) 7l=*Al r^.ol.u ilG.q4.
says,
l-S L=Jtt) D * ri/,rrj and declines.

(10) + [Hcll(*i(*HcllL (l p] l(ti-BrJ (1) The speaker is asked for permission and says, "I dont
7l +4 4d1a 9l+q4. mind ( [/. * Vr *'lil"_l )", meaning "OK" or "No
6.tr,'tt : r\ problem".
BFl$a/'l,Dotr*.
h'h :
tn(s) (2) The interlocutor says bad things have happened one
-trE=(2) (P.81)
after another, and the speaker expresses sympathy.
(3) [iSH rr ( is ,r..d when you are offered something
IffiH 1I -.1
<<ffis> to eat, etc. and you take it. You can also just say,
(1) @ ID+, iEHrr (.l .
(2) o (4) The speaker says, I v. v. T f I _] for rhe event to

(3) @ lif Ll.] , expressions such
which he was invited. After
(4) o lff I /:vrffl, lfilv.tf],etc. are omitted.

as
(5) @ (f!)xiTxftFliH*, &H "+L=flat) *il&rr, *

frft.
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(P.82)
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Ei_tt. (r)OO @x @O @x
(Example) This is a greeting used when you leave work
(2)OO @x @x @o
before other people.
(1) We say, lF/i'u) * f -l , when we want to say thank
(3)OO @x @O @C
(4)OO @O @x @x
you to someone who is going to help us.
(5)Oo @x @O @C
(2) We say, [{if ,rrd v \-i, when we carit see any other
way to do something. It can be used to refer to oneself
<<;R>>
or to other people.
(Example) Hello? Is Mr.Tanaka there?
(3) t + +L L * -t" J is a greeting used when we enter or
O Yes. Hold the line, please.
leave, but f * +L L* Lt -.1 is an expression we use
@ Yes, he is just coming.
when we apologlze after having failed to do something.
@ No, he's not at his desk right now.
(a) This is used when we want to s^y,f Z /v/e a t t L
@ He will call you back.
/* ( ( 6 L\V\ff I _l,when someone gives us a
(1) Would you let me do that?
present or does something for us.
@ Okan then. Go ahead.
(5) This is used when we want to say, IltL.. L * f I ,
@ Well,I would be glad to do it.
when we are invited to do something. It expresses a
@ It would help me out if you did it.
feeling ofhappiness.
@ I would be happy if youd let me do it.
( Fl ) EL\Fl+rh e, rtT 9EHJ+ Fl-\xji64r{F B'!-\{e
(2) Phew! I thought I would miss the train.
H6!+GiF"
@ I'm glad you made it.
(r) r'l#9r H E Fl,,\tzrffiiff Bt, ik " Wrn' 9 * -f "
"
@ I knew you would miss the train.
o i^rt#dF*TF!z1'*F{, in " ltfi fi:r&u\" . q U'ffid
@ It would have been good ifyou had made the train.
friJ^h]:, &EIUffileAeHI:"
@ I really didn't think you would make it.
(3) BltBlrf{F, &#t/J.Ê, atn eF!Ei'fRii, "4+L
(3) It doesn't look that good.
Ltt" " m "*+LL* L/:" IIJ€E aHll/2,5,ffi19 I like it.
O ReaUyl
Hffit+, trffiffirfFinm.
@ I know, I hope it will get better.
(4) &trEU,,\ F! ?L+n, qA fr\ L'6 fr t=[&a ft /a+'f# g! Fj
t don't think it's good either.
'fF, Htzr "t/'/slttLrs 41'{rv'v'-ef I" @ No,
We[,I don't know. It could be good.
@
ffiWIF, ilDl:8/aik"
(4) Excuse me, can I take this pamptrlet?
(s)85!-\si€'f&H+rf, ffi*zr 'ltv'. L*f" F!Ej
@ Yes, please take one.
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qg @ No problem. Please, go ahead.
( ql ) sl^l 5ql^l d4 Eol,J "J^l"JqEl.
@ No, I dont want one.
ffiE .ffi#, 1e
@ Okay then,I'11 take one. @ 6i +E r."Jzl .
(5) Your speech was great. You did a greatjob. @ LllTl 6J + 9t4l 6I +E 7lxts 4El .
@ Thank you. It's all thanks to you, professor. (2) ol, qq"l4. da d4*q
^lrJql ==trlr .
@ No, I didn't do my best. o +4o]tr1. ^lzJ"il *zl tlolr.l .
@ No, I still have a long way to go to improve. @ .J^l ,J"ll F*++.

^l
@ It makes me happy that you said that. @ *zl 9+9198 €gl9 B]ril
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v. Dy5 6fu() if vr(vr6J L v. i i L ff" in a polite way.
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(Example 2) t 6 6 i I is added after the i{tkM "f I M.
dh*E
il .It means that Ms.Tanaka asked Ms.Yamada, and Q)"ai' ffiffit9vfiA "< /j3v.*'rt,Li.". inffi^tr
then used the computer. <tuJtLft#T E ts ffi tr4 "f,{i: L /:v.".
(1) this is the M19*.hM for lt#"c ).There is no lf,il (s) " :] c-f6 " ffiffiltfttuXn "6 6 i ". FFiEit4i€*
in the sentence,but it means lfl^lits.tatt*'t#'c/c). Affi+,+., Fq7^ffift+,B!€il.

(ql1) rfr<r 9 rBFdg 7la
lti( I .It .neans [t ^19 +F€'Jq4.
(2) this is the Mt**,Hfi for
FtlElJ. t <tr|+t' +&l:I < av\. t tttu 4q 4zl *9lxlsl, 9"lzl "J*gqzl ,*tlr
( (ft]i.lIv.Dr)6*L() ifvr(vr6J . += a"JqEl.
( 41 2) rfrir I
(3) this istheffilL*.hVforlffi ( -l .Itmeans lfi#
^lq€ €ql bi t zl 9l#qEl.
16
3i,lJillT8 tua < tr&H * /: ( retzrllluDb. q+71 4l7l olulr| alql4l +qdl^l A+El=
ffivr(vr6J .
^l+*q= a"Jq4. rfll zl L
(a) this i' tte f{{t* hM f"' t+f; h a L ( -l .It (1) rfficr I
^lq +*.€oJqEl. E1t.tl
means [FlllBht L/: ( /sv.ll*t-D6. *l:; 4EJ 14= A+= 7l4flqr 4E 4"JLl4.
bfL<ffiWt l-l:" ?ttT!&-: T v' b ) (2) rif <r 9 +F€EqEl. rqe Je z;l
.
^19 ^l+
(5) After the tf.li'Yt of 141 1-l , the #-do* of [ 6 6 +aqlal +xl 9+e "Jg *Ell^l ( ql= q*6J
; _1 , I vr t /j ( -l , is added. There is no [f,/r] in the I *6llî ) g:7 9i4i 4= 4"Jq4. =q
sentence,but it means lflrit*fEl:iiffivt L(. df (3) rffi<r I +*'€EqEl. r^lE 4l= olEl^l
^lq
Mta'E->/e) . 4 419 +Eg dq 6-lzl gzlEJ El 9l4r
=i1
(6) Afterthe MikM"fl*Xlf 6-l,thereis l( ful:1. 4= aEq4.
(4) rfilhAL(r 9 r*5^89 A
There is no lf,{l in the sentence, but as there is t < *t ^lq +F€"Jq4.
/cJ , it means lfl^rtr*ilnLtel . 4.= 6la dq 6lzl ?*zl"J, qF^J"l "J6l^J a4
ffiE .ffi#, 21
l.
iR4. f
sl+ gl4_r 4ts 4.Jq4.
?,I^-l
{t
IVtM.v, *f. @tt, +D6rrE#,i.*sffiv.
(5)=rffi(r9 ^19€ Fl"il r{, N>it g d*9 fv./c L<ffiHtAWAt:ffv.g9"
iE(r zl tl6q+. Ealql tfl,t zl flzl"J rLl= ( 5 ) IFc4o)Airf4nftffi a rv.(. karAir
ljs
++Hril +q6ll^l €f9l ,J4r E].= a.Jqq. ffiB lE^z(v.*f" aat Aa
< /J6v.J
(6) t*hltb-t g
< av\cLr i" ,efr,6,
r(
^lq€ 9ql tuftl zl fl+qEl. noLo)RftttI
,rt e rtr\
Eil r#.r E Szl "J | 1lL/c.t ol EE rqlzl +zlrj. *,hVtWv"tj-. @a [ffi/:€(6 6cl:]
EL elts 4'Jq4. E. 4 o) rrf o ,/\ t: *c' E u\ L < f+2 W h tr
(7) rFir 9 qql r< /j8vr*t&i.r zl 9l f{v.*f.
Î9€
r'lz} all
+qEl. dEL ts +qlg A+61 +61.a (Examples) The man says, I l, tr - l. # * /r 6 v.l ,
9+q4. and the woman writes one. The woman is probably
(8) rr u-f 6r9 r{, bi rl gl+qE}.
^19€ 9ql not happy. Therefore, thelFtl;*,hV, is used. [#i.
ol4 4q= + 4l"lAl +qri^l + 419 ktr= +^l ii ( 6 6 -> lc J in @ is used when the woman asks
*+qEl. the man to let her write a paper.
(1) The woman ."ys, lifti# L(] , and the man does the
IffiEI2I laundry Therefore, the t{lkV is used. [*tiB 3 ri b
<ffis>> *t/cl in @ is the /tfrtk*,hV, so it means that the
(1) o woman did the laundry.
(2) o (2) The man is probably upset that the woman has
(3) @ thrown away his magazines. Therefore, the *, h M
(4) o is used. [F( 6't 6 tr.t J in I is thef{{ft€
(5) o hM , to it means that the man threw away his own
magazines.
<<#-EH>> (3) The man says, [ 'f€ v\ /. v) J in a polite way. The
@tl) 4alLrtr IL,$- ]*3rrEv..l LEc(, woman says, [ ,' * V. * 'ti A, ) ,so he has her
4o^rr** if" g -tkDÎJ.itLL< permission. Therefore, the IFtLlb, and [ 6 t> -> tc )
/rv.Tf. rfr. 6. &1t44hW trv. * f" are used. [f€bt/:l in O is the tfriLfr2 and it
@o [#r't(66atl tt. *aLrtrHa means that the woman uses the document.
Al:#mv. L(# < *6t:69v. g 9. (4)The mothersays, [ ffi H O ffi H _l,ro the child
(r) ko^rtr [&iAL(J LB,> (. floL##, practices. The child may not be willing ro practice.
WaUtf. tfi. b, &'tfrWr&fFv.*f" Therefore, the tfr.It.*,HM is used. @ is used when
@o [&ie s r] 6 ttte ) a&:84 hvcf ,. 6, the child asks his mother to let him practice.
4oz\rrifiiEa L/: L v. i ; L (f" (5) In a restaurant, the man is waiting for his food and
(2) /;a^rts#6$&*r< Utct:a"c, Ho)r the woman says, l*iffi B ( ff 3 V.l .This may put
ltt- ttl:->v'<, 3 .c L*,kt:,S, -2 1' r,: I i" the man in a bad mood. Therefore,the *,hM is used.
-efr.6, .t, B tJ\,
*.hvtw.u,tt" @a tfA<E i.
[ffi/c'tt( 4> r>"c/:) in @ is used when the man
t t> tttcI ) 6&ati4hVrf ,' 6. E a asks the woman to let him wait and he waits.
*E#t*$</cLv.iiL<f. ^rtr ( 6l ) H E\6i+iN, L,$-- B3 rrE u.", kfr\tr+u,E "
" l-
G) Ea^rtr [&vr/:r,rl L i L &(v.iav.
v') aF!-E1R6EX, trrlt, I*.HlFIkrNa:" @F! "*
t:.13ffi v. L(v. t t ,.t( {, t>.> /:" HTiB! iF*FF!, it{blEHH
" < ILI.*t L< ka
[i.t v. *tA,.J LE= (, 4o) tr;fl[rr6 ^rtr -.E+&8fl\ttr6"
6L*.Ltc" rfr.6. &iEWz [6 6or]
&&v.i f " @o l-&bt/:l r*&iri#zr. @fti "rftiB8ri bttt:" Effi.lgrLdJ, *.mf.*I\ftj
k,o Lnrpffit&i L r,. ) i L.ef. a,qE"
(4) &#rr tffigo)tsHj LEv.*L/:i.6. T (2) kfr\fr,*frtnT, Ha\- fr.fr,{s{REl,H. Ftu)tfr.ffiW
L'6 ltf*E L if. I a LAL'6 ltffiH L/: -dl" @fr\"a( 5-ri bttte' Etfr.|tk+$.dt, tzrFFt
( /r v. L,B.a (v. i f. ("f i' rr, ftA'tl#h +nf *F",.
22 4h'bH,z6 E*FBEtit& WffiI.v-=>t N3

{.
a
ri
* *fttrtitJ'fr H*} " r'jftt' B! ii," r.

(3) E ffi v\ /: L, " F! E IiEDOFf,E (P.89)
Jr,';lr&', HEf EtrJ6!H*,FfiD)ffiffi.tLfufr\ " tr

bct:' " OffJ "&bt/:" F&t*,#^9.F!&HK*+" lF"lffi2l
({) Egit'*Ho)881", &+lltht\n " &.+-ft^M
<ffi*>>
*2, Elft&E &:tL+fiA" @ffiT&.+ffi*r4t4, it
frFtHEEe6ZtuIrh+.
<<ER>>
u.', E ffi riLFf ,t g-i{RrH xa " trItl,ffi"ffi4Lah. (1) F: Sorryto have keptyouwaiting.
@ffi 'ft/:t(
l: b -> /e" HTFHliH*tffi , itlU
M: 1. No,I'm waiting now, too.
2. No,I'm leaving noq too.
HEHa+WLtrA.
3. No, I've just arrived now, too.
( q ) *zlzl t 1,,$- l. el 3 re 3 v._l ell "J;lJ. oi zl

ojzli zllr,zl ?+9 a"Jq (2) F: I did really badly on the test yesterday. I should
7v #qq.
q. :rel oE=e$.ol have studied more.
^lq +F€g ^l+*qq. @9 te
,,t<6 r;ot:l y ol_zlzl H'zloizll +qdl^] 2a M: 1.Try your best next time.
2.You worked hard, though.
= A+ql ^l+*qEl.
(1) qzlTl l-&iaL(l 4j1 "J6la BzlTl 4lq+ 6J 3. I'll do my best, too.
qq. :r7l E=-
^lq€9 +q4. @9 titiES+6 (r)F:rtYE'^+A,r'J68"
ir-l:l Y ^lq +F€olsE q;+71 ^l1Et9 tlEl=
aoJqEl .
M : r. &€, *,&,8+8\ft,
Q) qzlTl *zl€ ulq El*71 ql3"I Bzl= r.il El]
z.lftH, fi't!,EqS llW.
6I^l ++^"J41 d46l-a 9t+qq. rqs_e ++ t.lLH, fieElE{={.
€C +q4. @9 ll*(ari ettulc) Y ^lq +t
€olge *zlzl *zl+ ElH4= 4.Jq4 .
(2) F : WX61Zifr,, ffi/f*tr7 " *FH*+4-e
(3) *zt7l [&v./:vrl ?+= ag C+61 +q6]! I #.fir"
+q4. r"I Eli6]l^l olzlTL [r.*v.*t&l ol4 ttt : r.T17*)tt5.
2.ffiflY/z*rtT (lliEffisf).
Bzl= 6l7lE +9 + 99+qEl. rels
_a "J6tl
D":tlE #qEl. 09 t&bt/:l 3. &,#,**h t"
-=.
^lq€4 t6qzlTl
zls=
= ^lq€e.q ^l++4= a"Jq4. (1) F : 7l4q^l4l 4^l 4+'Jqq.
(4) q"lqzl tffiHo)HHl ol+r "J6la 9,9sE ol
o1= €+*qEi. olol= €+dll d4 M : 1. olk,4E zl+ E 7lq4 j19"J +"Jq4.
=ig9.ol 2. ollo , 4 E xl+ +714'J +'J q El
t+Eli1 ^J46li1 9l+q4. rqsE ^lq +E€g
.
#q4. 6= ololz| q"lqqlrll +qBll^J €+4= 3. ohE, 4E zl+ E 9'd +"Jq4.

(2) F : olil
a+q 6Lltl. ^le, €€flfl++. El *+-.}tr +9lg
Qlrll
B;lzl -c4€ z]441 9r., €zlz} l;s
.
(5) 7l4ql^j
M: 1.4+q gd6l 6]1.
f$B(/jEv.l 4r'J6li1 9l+q4. ol4 *zl9
2. €d6l *=tl golol.
zlEg +zl g+tl;<lg.:relss ++eg #q4.
3. +E gd6l tNolzl.
@9 [ffi/:t<66a/:l = *47] qr]'I4 +q
sl^-l zl44= A+q #q4.
ffiE .ffi#, 23
U.ltlL $L Er\
FHT6ffi tT2EI (P.100)
F"1E 1
ITl EI (P.92)
1* I
F'181 2*3
1* I 3*3
2*3 4*2
3S2 5*4
4*3
s*2 1"182
1* 2
HE2 2*3
1* 4 3*l
2*2 4*3
3*4 5*4
4*2
5f4 F6E3
1* 4 I
F4E3 2*2
1* 3
2*3 F'1S4
1* I
F6g4 2*3
1* I 3*l
2*2
3f2 FdE5
1* 1
F':85 2*2
1* 2 3*3
2*2 4*l
3*1 5*1
4*2 6*2
5*t 7*2
6*2
7*3
24 1#5ri"6 EtffiBEttrF w#t v-- >ri N3

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{& Features of this Book

1l This book's units are structured according to the

Unit 1 Task-based Comprehension

doing exercises which are close in format to the real test.

Step Acquiring basicskills lExercisesl

expressions for listening, hearing grammatical patterns, and understanding the

3l The aims of the exercises in each unit are as follows.

@Hearing sounds (Units 01 .02.03'04'05) : Some sounds can change in spoken

@ Vocabulary and expressions for listening (Units 01 . 02. 03 . 04 . 05) : In spoken

listening to them, too.

O Step Z [End-of-Unit exercisesl

End-of:Unit exercises have the following three steps.

C Step 3 [ActualTest Exercisesl

:t:i jt.:.::.:::;l t::uii::i;ti:!;:ii:r::r.:ri::r;

lExercisesl have two sections: reading questions and listening questions.

reading carefirlly and understanding these questions.

.,You,can listen to exereises with this symbd,. '

,,theCp. Herc,listentotheGD and considar

c otf;.'<. *&ciita*it urllttot. +oa D5 r @

&.#26( {8il tE' Ha;i;ar< r:.',

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Tr.k-bsed conprdensior exer.res

+c .T4 +41e1 i:e 4+r+ ?+qq

6;, ;offi&ru. at€F,izriru'r<r:+r', tlnE';ia*1.<.' lo

4,tu rvor*ins ttrro$gbthiiijiih itioi;,

not understand or for which you gave the wrong answers.

tsftrfE+ , fr2wHwfriJffi&ffi'&R , EEI4.E A^fll3f+*ry, Z.B[xt H E H!qF]*E{TtrRfr,H.4.

1) A+AXT s f,tsrr, 5 al?frEhZidryiffiffi4fHr'JD.

2) +fr in J+ th, # tr 6t+fr &jEHFE H! Mrt . fral- t,,Z "

Step 2 ,*zEH6Etr+EilH9dS l,E r"frAl

I trtr+ WLfr\F"tr, <flFT SHffitllal%;tffi FE H .

O *[FEH" (Unit 0r.02.0s.04. os): triE+HH+n+E*' lnRT7ffiE{.fr\*n1+,

@ "iEfiE.*itfitt" (unit 01 . 02 .os .04 .os) : trtE+frX&Hffi]Fliffflt$Ffr, €',]-b

@ 'EE" (Unit 01 . 02 . og . os) : ril+F!i*i*4H,

@ ",8'+Hif;l\FilFtrf[HE" (unit o+' os) : ieH4'rhRT4ffi*B+fi,1.ffiEIHffiHK,

fr*€. #:, oflE sff

FFti&,, +ffi :f,E

zt X#r. &&ix1jt-ry aHfl',t afiAo<.

I &PfrWtffi ( t:a)tt:,L.wrfiJt->ri aH,Erg-" tEoH ry 4 .l rtdrF.ataa--*

Xiiil.l. Ufo>mp6oitri., CD t:$-g6 ir-(v. 1) 7 l.

c otf;.'<. &ciitait urllttot. +oa D5 r @

A .. :@f"iFE(u. cfEF"iaftL,z< raL," znralier,r. ro

tsftrfE+ , fr2wHwfriJffi&ffi'&R , EEI4.E A^fll3f+ry, Z.B[xt H E H!qF]E{TtrRfr,H.4.

O [FEH" (Unit 0r.02.0s.04. os): triE+HH+n+E' lnRT7ffiE{.fr\*n1+,

@ 'EE" (Unit 01 . 02 . og . os) : ril+F!ii4H,

;;:! ;oF"t$<r, tffEia$lt< r:t

fr1 ,:;:;:: ;oHfrrrr. tt€ffiafi,'<<r-.r'" zrrarAlr, f,o

Er+H-Hirt "++t1'. ftFft cD

* @rffit|l : ffiFKF!- W:ffi , L?f:lyrh\tft +tr- 8., rLffiJtr "

@gif Efl: "J44E= Btr^l + €€g 4€+ ggl= dq'J f glxl€ E=

@rF.ll| e s}E E]l 4€+ Bg dqe f tsxl€ E=tr}.