DISTANCE MEASUREMENT AND PNEUMATIC

BRAKING SYSTEM

SYNOPSIS

The main objective of this project is for security system. If vehicle

moves very near to the opposite vehicle then it applies the braking system. It

is used for avoiding accident in highways and parking or busy traffic areas

through pneumatic braking.

Pneumatic braking system works faster when compared to other

devices. So we can achieve the high efficient operation by programming the

microcontroller.
BLOCK DIAGRAM

WORKING PRINCIPLE

In this project we are using ultrasonic sensor for detecting the objects

or vehicles in front of our vehicle. It also measures the distance between our

vehicle and opposite object or vehicle. It consists of ultrasonic transmitter

and receiver. The transmitter always transmits the waves the receiver

receives the reflected wave and converts it in to digital pulse. The ultrasonic

sensor sends a high-low pulse to the controller. The pulse time will vary

depends on the closeness between the sensor and the object. Using this pulse

timing the controller measures the distance. When the distance becomes low,
the controller will switch on the relay for applying braking. Before applying

braking, the controller will display the alert in the LCD display. Here the

pneumatic cylinder type braking mechanism is used for applying brake in

the wheel. Pneumatic cylinders (sometimes known as air cylinders) are

mechanical devices which produce force, often in combination with

movement, and are powered by compressed gas (typically air).To perform

their function, pneumatic cylinders impart a force by converting the potential

energy of compressed gas into kinetic energy. This is achieved by the

compressed gas being able to expand, without external energy input, which

itself occurs due to the pressure gradient established by the compressed gas

being at a greater pressure than the atmospheric pressure. This air expansion

forces a piston to move in the desired direction.

ADVANTAGES

 Compatible size

 Low cast

 Reduce the security tensions

DISVANTAGE

Need separate compressor.

APPLICATIONS

 Applicable in all automobiles and very useful for learners.

 Can be implemented in all automobiles to increase the automation

involved.

DIAGRAM FOR DISTANCE MEASUREMENT AND PNEUMATIC

BRAKING SYSTEM