Contingency-Constrained Transmission Expansion
Planning Considering a Representative Daily Demand
Curve
J. Isai Garcia-Mercado, G. Gutierrez-Alcaraz
Department of Electrical Engineering
Instituto Tecnológico de Morelia
Morelia Michoacán, México
email: ggutiera@gmail.com
Abstract The Transmission Expansion Planning (TEP)
problem determines the optimal investments for certain
n an electric power system. The
TEP problem considers and implements the N-1 security criterion
in all periods of planning and operation. This paper introduces a
novel approach to reduce the computation time and memory used
when modeling the TEP problem considering the security criterion
N-1. Several popular commercial solvers are used to evaluate the
computational efficiency of the proposed TEP approach.
Keywords Transmission Expansion Planning; Security
criterion; Investment; Transmission lines
I. INTRODUCTION
The Transmission Expansion Planning (TEP) problem
transmission lines in an electric power system. Several methods
to solve the TEP problem with and without considering security
criteria have been published in the literature. A comparison
between the classical nonlinear formulation and the mixed
integer disjunctive model, an alternative method, is studied in
[1], where the mixed integer disjunctive formulation guarantees
to obtain the optimal solution, which the classical nonlinear
formulation does not. In [2], the contingency criterion (N-k) is
considered as a singular contingency with k components of
simultaneous faults, and the objective function considers the
investment costs, operating costs and standby generation costs.
The modification of the security criterion can be used
effectively for the planning of the TEP in electrical markets
where a more flexible security criterion can be taken as a
criterion of coverage contingencies, considering transmission
lines and generators, as a way to find more reliable planning
than the criterion (N-1) with mixed integer linear programming
(MILP) [3] at less cost than (N-2) [4]. Other factors of interest
are the environmental constraints, such as the cost of CO2
emission with a loss model [5], and the high penetration of
renewables, which are modeled by hour, load level, and system
state area studied in [6] - [10]. A model considering the
integration of contingency analysis is studied in [9], where the
N. Gonzalez-Cabrera
Department of Electrical Engineering
Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Irapuato
Irapuato Guanajuato, México
email: nestorgc@ieee.org
ERCOT case is used to solve the systematic planning aspect of
the TEP problem; different operation times are used to obtain
the simulation results, which are then compared with and
without contingencies. In [11], an algorithm is presented that
considers the load duration curve (LDC) compared to the
chronological model studies that provide similar measurements
of generation values for utility; the LDC model provides more
accurate results.
In this paper we use a Representative Daily Load Curve
(RDLC) instead of LDC, so that we can better evaluate the
variability and spatiality of the demand and obtain a closer
estimate of the operating cost. Normally, the TEP problem with
security constraint N-1 considers the same contingency for all
planning horizons, but this is a mistaken consideration, because
network energy flows change continually due to changing
demand. For this reason, our novel approach implements the N-
1 security criterion to solve the TEP problem.
The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. Section
-
stage TEP. Section II numerically evaluates the efficiency of the
proposed approach, based on simulating a Garver 6-bus and an
IEEE 24-bus reliability test system (RTS). Section III concludes.
II. TRANSMISSION EXPANSION PLANNING MODEL
This section explains our TEP modelling with the N-1
security criterion implemented.
A. Representative Daily Load Curve
Traditionally, solving the TEP problem uses the load
duration curve (LDC) to quantify future power production costs.
The LDC depicts the energy demand discretized from low to
high against the respective time intervals. Use of the LDC can
also provide the sub-optimal solutions. The use of a RDLC,
which is a better method of incorporating the chronological data,
obtains closer evaluations of the variability and spatiality of
demand, i.e., closer estimations of the operating cost.