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IS 1100 Principles of Management

Level 1 Semester I

M.B. Mufitha

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 Having a plan simply for plans sake
“ every good organization must have a plan”
Your input decides your output, so think, take time to
plan
 Not understanding the environment
Ignoring marketplace reality, facts, and
assumptions
Foresee potential issues, consider them
 Not having the right people involved in

Ex: IT industry evolves in every 5 years
Female population in the IT industry
Concerns: Privacy concerns, cyber security,
Employee skill gap (skill obsolescence):
Training and Development
 Writing the plan and putting it on the shelf:
Plans must be able to use and review
continuously
“plans don’t have a good shelf life”
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 Unwillingness or inability to change
Have a room for changes in plans to accommodate
changes in business environment
 Having wrong people in leadership positions
Management teams may take tough decisions in
selecting right people for plans
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▪ A primary managerial activity that involves:
▪ defining goals (either for the organization, project,
product, staff, market segment, etc.)
▪ establishing strategies to achieve them
▪ to integrate and coordinate work activities
▪ Planning is concerned with both ends (what)
and means (how)
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▪ Reduces uncertainty
▪ Managers are forced to look ahead, anticipate
changes, consider the impact of change, and
develop appropriate responses
Ex: IT industry - female participation
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 Partial commitment
No accountability or follow through
Once plans developed, resources are allocated, be
mindful on outcomes
 Unrealistic goals or lack of focus and resources
▪ Provides direction and priorities
 Plans define organization’s view of success
 Helps to prioritizes activities that make the view reality
A strategy helps to know what employees should be
working on and in what order
 If goals and strategies are not defined, you may miss
the most important/success driven initiatives
 Employees can coordinate their activities, cooperate with
each other, and work towards accomplishing goals
Ex: Next 5 years’ corporate plan,
FIT plan for 2025, Plan for B20 intake 10
▪ Minimizes waste and redundancy
▪ Inefficiencies can be corrected or eliminated
▪ Establishes the goals and standards for
controlling
▪ Managers can see whether the plans have been
carried out as planned and the goals were met
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Key Elements of a Good Vision Statement

 Forward-looking
 Motivating and inspirational
 Aimed at bringing benefits and
improvements to the organization in the
future
 Defines a company’s reason for existence and
where it is heading

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▪ A Mission Statement is a description of what

Possible scenarios;
an organization actually does – what its
business is – and why it does it
 No vision statements
 Vague vision statements ▪ A mission is the primary guidance in creating
 Combined with mission statement plans, strategies or making daily decisions
 Any other observation/comment?????? ▪ A good mission statement can motivate
employees of the organization

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“Our mission is to be the most successful IT systems

company in the world by delivering the best customer  Facebook’s Corporate Mission Statement
experience in all markets we serve. In doing so, Dell will “to give people the power to build community and
meet customer expectations of: bring the world closer together.”
 highest quality (This new mission statement was implemented in the
 leading technology midst of data privacy and security issues involving
 competitive pricing Cambridge Analytica and other parties)
 individual and company accountability
 best-in-class service and support Earlier one:
 flexible customization capability “to give people the power to share and make the
 superior corporate citizenship” world more open and connected.”

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 Google: Google’s mission is to organize the world’s

 “to provide a global trading platform information and make it universally accessible and useful
where practically anyone can trade
practically anything.”

 Coca Cola: To refresh the world… To inspire moments of

optimism and happiness… To create value and make a
difference

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 Goals are desired outcomes or targets  Written in terms of outcomes rather than
actions (Specific)
▪ High-level statements that provide the overall
context for what the person/organization/  Measurable and quantifiable (Measurable)
project is trying to accomplish  Challenging yet attainable
(Attainable/achievable)
 Plans are documents that outline how  Realistic
goals are going to be met  Clear as to a time frame SMART Goals
▪ Include resource allocations, schedules, and
other necessary actions to accomplish the goals  Goals itself are ways of communicating to
all necessary organizational members
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1. Review the organization’s mission, or

purpose
2. Evaluate available resources
3. Determine goals individually
4. Write down the goals and communicate
them to all who need to know

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 Strategic plans: plans that apply to the entire

organization and establish the organization’s
overall goals

Ex: Corporate plan

 Operational plans: plans that encompass a

particular operational area of the organization

Ex: A plan to a particular product/ department

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1. Long-term plans: plans with a time frame beyond
three years
?????
Senior management involves
Directly related to strategic plan
2. Short-term plans: plans covering one year or less
Aim is to achieve a particular specific task/outcome
within a short period of time
 Specific plans: plans that are clearly defined and
leave no room for interpretation
▪ ex: a manager who seeks to increase the unit’s work
output by 8% over a given 12-month period
This needs specific procedures, budget allocations, and
schedules of activities to reach the goal
 Directional plans: plans that are flexible and set
out general guidelines

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 Single-use plan: a one-time plan specifically

 Effectiveness depends upon correctness
designed to meet the needs of a unique
of assumptions
situation

 Standing plans: ongoing plans that provide

 Expensive
guidance for activities performed repeatedly
 Time : Planning delays actions
▪ policies, rules, and procedures
Ex: Tender calling procedures
Customer complaint handling
(general guidelines)
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 Corporate Plans
 Divisional Plans
 Product Plans
 Project Plans
 Resource Plans – Gantt Charts
Human Resource Plans
Marketing Plans
 Time Plans
Project Management Tools
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 Google search on each topic; enhance

your understanding, collect examples

 Read any basic management book

 Watch some Youtube videos on

“Understanding Principles of
Management”
 Search on IT industry planning: Agile
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1. Why plan?
2. What to plan?
3. How to plan?
4. Why plans fail?

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