Lecture. 4.

6
Q1. Find the solution of the wave equation, 𝑢 = 𝑢 s.t. B.C. 𝑢(0, 𝑡) =
( )
𝑢(𝑙, 𝑡) = 0 for all t. I.C. 𝑢 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑢(𝑥, 0) =

Solution: 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) = ∑ 𝐸 cos ∗ sin

( )
Where 𝐸 = ∫ sin 𝑑𝑥

= ∫ (𝑙𝑥 − 𝑥 ) sin 𝑑𝑥

𝐸 = ( )
𝑖𝑓 𝑛 = 𝑜𝑑𝑑 = 2𝑚 − 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐸 = 0 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 = 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛
 ( ) ( )
𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) = ∑ ( )
cos ∗ sin
( ) ( )
𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) = ∑
( )
cos ∗ sin

Q2. Find the solution of the wave equation, 𝑢 = 𝑢 s.t. B.C. 𝑢(0, 𝑡) =
𝑢(𝑙, 𝑡) = 0 for all t. I.C. 𝑢 (𝑥, 0) = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑢(𝑥, 0) = 𝑢 sin

Sol: 𝑢(𝑥, 0) = 𝑢 sin

𝑢(𝑥, 0) = ∑ E sin => 𝑢 sin = 𝐸 sin( ) + 𝐸 sin( ) + ⋯ ..

Comparing both the side, 𝐸 = 𝑢 , 𝐸 = 0, 𝐸 = 0 … …

The solution is 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) = ∑ 𝐸 cos ∗ sin = 𝐸 cos ∗ sin

𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝑢 cos ∗ sin

Q3. Find the solution of the wave equation, 𝑢 = 𝑢 s.t. B.C. 𝑢(0, 𝑡) =
𝑢(𝜋, 𝑡) = 0 for all t. I.C. 𝑢 (𝑥, 0) = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑢(𝑥, 0) = 𝐶 sin 𝑥
Ans: 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝐶 cos(𝑘𝑡) ∗ sin 𝑥
Q4. . Find the solution of the wave equation, 𝑢 = 𝑢 s.t. B.C. 𝑢(0, 𝑡) =
𝑢(𝑙, 𝑡) = 0 for all t. I.C. 𝑢 (𝑥, 0) = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑢(𝑥, 0) = 𝑢 sin

Sol: 𝑢(𝑥, 0) = 𝑢 sin

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑆𝑖𝑛3𝑥 = 3 sin 𝑥 − 4 sin 𝑥 => sin 𝑥 = (3 sin 𝑥 − sin 3𝑥 )

𝑢(𝑥, 0) = ∑ E sin =>

𝑢 sin = 𝐸 sin( ) + 𝐸 sin( )+𝐸 sin +⋯…

𝑢 𝜋𝑥 3𝜋𝑥 𝜋𝑥 2𝜋𝑥 3𝜋𝑥
(3 sin − sin ) = 𝐸 sin( ) + 𝐸 sin( )+𝐸 sin +⋯…
4 𝑙 𝑙 𝑙 𝑙 𝑙
On comparing both the sides
𝐸 = , 𝐸 = 0, 𝐸 = − , 𝐸 = 0 … ..

solution is 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) = ∑ 𝐸 cos ∗ sin

= 𝐸 cos sin + 𝐸 cos sin + 𝐸 cos sin +…

𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) = cos sin − cos sin

D’Alembert’s Formula for wave equation:

𝑢 =𝑐 𝑢 s.t. (𝑥, 𝑡) ∈ 𝑅 × (0, ∞)
I.C. 𝑢 (𝑥, 0) = 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑢(𝑥, 0) = 𝑓(𝑥)
( ) ( )
Then 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) = + ∫ 𝑔(𝑡)𝑑𝑡

Q1. Solve the BVP 𝑢 − 𝑢 = 0, 𝑢(𝑥, 0) = cos 𝑥 𝑢 (𝑥, 0) = 𝑥, , (𝑥, 𝑡) ∈

𝑅 × (0, ∞)
Sol: 𝑢 − 𝑢 = 0 => 𝑢 = 𝑢 => 𝑐 = 1, 𝑓(𝑥 ) = cos 𝑥 , 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑥
( ) ( )
𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) = + ∫ 𝑔(𝑡)𝑑𝑡
( ) ( )
𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) = + ∫ 𝑡 ∗ 𝑑𝑡

= +

= 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 + ( 4𝑥𝑡) = cos 𝑥 cos 𝑡 + 𝑥𝑡

𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) = cos 𝑥 cos 𝑡 + 𝑥𝑡

Q2. Solve the BVP 𝑢 − 𝑢 = 0, 𝑢(𝑥, 0) = sin 𝑥 𝑢 (𝑥, 0) = 1, , (𝑥, 𝑡) ∈

𝑅 × (0, ∞) and find the value of 𝑢 𝜋,

Sol: 𝑢 − 𝑢 = 0 => 𝑢 = 𝑢 => 𝑐 = 1, 𝑓(𝑥 ) = sin 𝑥 , 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 1

( ) ( )
𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) = + ∫ 1𝑑𝑡
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 + (2𝑡)

𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 + 𝑡

𝑢 𝜋, = sin 𝜋 cos + => 𝑢 𝜋, =

Q3. Solve the BVP 4𝑢 = 𝑢 , 𝑢(𝑥, 0) = 0 𝑢 (𝑥, 0) = 8 sin 2𝑥, , (𝑥, 𝑡) ∈

𝑅 × (0, ∞).
Sol: 𝑐 = , 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 0, 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 8 sin 2𝑥

𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) = 0 + ∫ 8 sin 2𝑡 𝑑𝑡

𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥 + − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥 −

= −4(cos(2𝑥 + 𝑡) − cos(2𝑥 − 𝑡)) = −4(−𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡) = 8 sin 2𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡