Causes and Effects of Absenteeism in Senior High School Students

Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region 02 (Cagayan Valley)
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF ISABELA
Alicia East District
300500 – ALICIA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Paddad, Alicia, Isabela 3306
CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF ABSENTEEISM

IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
A PRACTICAL RESEARCH PAPER
PRESENTED TO THE
FACULTY OF THE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
ALICIA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
RESEARCHERS
TRISHA CATUBAG
JOREEN DIVINE GAMMAD
TRICIA ANN RODRIGUEZ
JOHN KENNETH DE GUZMAN
CHRIS JOHN PATACSIL
ALECXSANDER LASCANO
MARC VINCENT JULIAN
RHEA MAE PASCUA
XYRIELLE SAGAYDORO
MA’AM EILLEN PIA JUSTO

RESEARCH TEACHER
SY 2020
i
Research Paper Project S.Y. 2020 Practical Research Project
CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL
The research attached here to, titled CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF ABSENTEEISM IN
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS:
A Case Study prepared and submitted by Trisha Catubag, Joreen Divine Gammad, Tricia Ann
Rodriguez, John Kenneth De Guzman, Chris John Patacsil, Alecxsander Lascano, Marc
Vincent Julian, Rhea Mae Pascua, Xyrille Sagaydoro in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the subject PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 has been examined and recommended for Oral
Examination.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ii
First and foremost, praises and thanks to the God Almighty for His showers of
blessings all throughout this research work and process of completing the research
successfully.
We would like to express our deep and sincere gratitude to our research teacher Ma’am
Eillen Pia Justo for giving us an opportunity to do this research and providing valuable
guidance all throughout this research. It was a great privilege and honor to work in her
guidance.
To our adviser Sir Fedeliano Bernardo Jr. a biology and chemistry teacher of Senior
High Shool in Alicia National High School for his support and guidance, we would like to
express our sincere gratitude as he guide us by giving us time in the completion of this study.
Also to the respondents of this research who participated sincerely and willingly, who
helped this research be accomplished for answering the questions honestly, because of them the
questions of this research are answered.
To our friends and relatives, thank you for listening, and giving advise on how this
research be more successful and also for supporting us all throughout this entire process.
We give our special thanks to our family, for helping us financially and also for helping
us in gaining confidence in every defense that we had. We, the researchers are grateful for the
support and moral guidance, we appreciate all your patience and support.
iii
To all the teachers and staffs of Senior High School in Alicia National High School,
especially to Ma’am Myrna Lynn Meneses for always willing to give us a hand every time we
needed something and also for aiding us by willingly printing our manuscript.
DEDICATION
We dedicate this project to God Almighty our creator, our strong foundation, our source
of inspiration and strength, wisdom, knowledge and will to finish this research.
Also we dedicate this study to our family and friends, we deeply give our gratitude.
Also to the upcoming students of Senior High in Alicia National High School who will
be taking the academic track STEM strand, this is also dedicated to you.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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TITLE PAGE
Title Page ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- i
Approval Sheet ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ii
Acknowledgement ------------------------------------------------------------------------- iii
Dedication ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- iv
Table of Contents --------------------------------------------------------------------------- v
CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction -------------------------------------------------------- 1.
Conceptual Framework ------------------------------------------- 3.
Statement of the Problem ----------------------------------------- 5.
Scope and Delimitation ------------------------------------------- 6.
Significance of the Study ----------------------------------------- 6.
Definition of Terms ------------------------------------------------ 7.
CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ------------------- 8.
Review of Related Literature ------------------------------------- 8.
Local Literature ----------------------------------------------------- 8.

Foreign Literature -------------------------------------------------- 10.
Review of Related Studies ---------------------------------------- 11.
CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ------------------------------ 17.
Qualitative Design and Methodology ---------------------------- 17.
Research Site -------------------------------------------------------- 17.
Selection Criteria and Participants ------------------------------- 18.
Data Collection ---------------------------------------------------- 18.
Research Instrument ---------------------------------------------- 18.
Data Analysis ------------------------------------------------------ 19.
CHAPTER 4 FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ------------------------------ 20.
CHAPTER 5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND -------------------------- 40.
RECOMMENDATIONS
REFERENCES ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 44.
CHAPTER I
1.1 INTRODUCTION
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Regularity of attendance and punctuality are expected among students in all levels of
learning to maintain quality school operations annually. Attending classes and being on time
are both vital and among the main necessities of the students’ acquisition of meaningful and
successful learning outcomes inside the school premises.
However, for one reason or another, all students have a general tendency to frequently
engage into repetitive and chronic absenteeism and tardiness school which causes barriers
against the targeted academic development.
Students absenteeism is defined by Teasley (2004) as a period of time when a student does
not attend school, has turned into major and continuous dilemma among students all over the
world. Absenteeism is an alarming problem for administrators, teachers, parents, and the
society, as well as students.
Absences of Senior High School pupils are typically used as indicators of success and
failures of academic and educational intervention and when engaged to it repeatedly, may
result to low performance and lose opportunity in accumulating learning’s and presents lack of
responsibility and of carelessness.
There have been numerous factors that inter coordinate as to the reasoning of students of
student’s failure to attend classes, included in this are financial incapability, health regarding,
poor school climate, class environment, drug and alcohol used, laziness, peer influences, and
transportation issues among others. 1

According to Rehivian (2006) found that the major main and major reason told by
students’ non-attendance in class and lectures were boredom in school, on the lessons,
encouragement of friends and lack of interest in education.
The school absenteeism is associated with internalizing and externalizing behavior, school
environment, and family work and health according to Ingul, Klocker, Silverman, and Nordahl
(2012), various studies also shows that parent’s education levels place a huge impact in
contributing on absenteeism.
Students with low motivation for learning was a key factor in students’ absenteeism.
Adiguzel and Karadas (2013) found that students with a high number of absences in class have
a negative attitude towards school, teachers, and classmates.
As a result, school absenteeism has a nature in complex form that includes risk factors
supported with personal, family, academic, and social variables. The consequences of this can
be ultra-detrimental for students and not only will they performance in school will drop, it can
also result in engaging high-risk behavior that lead to the juvenile justice system, absenteeism
in students impact not only in educational progress but also mental and social development.
The condition of absenteeism in the senior high school students of Alicia National High
School is prone to average absenteeism as what public schools are experiencing.
The researchers conducted this research to talk about the absenteeism and the factors to 2
which have caused this as well as the effects of engaging to absenteeism. In addition to that,
this research aims to raise awareness for the people who are affected by absenteeism and for
the individuals who are planning to engage in this.

1.2 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
The conceptual framework showed the flow of the research that will be discussed
throughout the study by the researchers. In some theories, absenteeism is a “withdrawal
behavior, such as tardiness and absenteeism, may also be political at times “(Hullin, 1991).
In column 1, the researchers gathered the demographic profile of the respondents. Column
2 shows the process conducted in the research such as survey interview or assessment
checklist. Lastly in column 3 the researcher identified the real reasons and something that we
want to know.
CONCEPTUAL PARADIGM
1.Demographic Profile
2.Age
3.Genders
4.Address
5.Grade Level
6.Collecting data through questionnaire

7.Organizing data using table
8.Analyzing and Interpreting data
 Frequency count
 Percentage
Identified the real reasons why

students are usually absent and
late.
1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

4
This research aims to determine the causes and effects of absenteeism and tardiness of
students in Senior High School.
1.What are the reasons why student intend to not attend class in terms of:
1.1 Distance from house to school
1.2 Laziness
1.3 Financial Problem
1.4 Family Problem
1.5 Peer Pressure
2.What are the effects of absenteeism to the students in terms of:
1.1 Distance from house to school

1.2 Laziness
1.3 Financial Problem
1.4 Family Problem
1.5Peer Pressure
3.How does the teachers’ behavior in the class affects the students’ absenteeism?
4.How does absenteeism affects the academic performance of the student?

1.4 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS
This study focuses in causes and effects of absenteeism of students in Senior High School.
5
Respondents involve in this study will be the Senior high school students of Alicia National
High School year 2019-2020.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The studies provide information on the “Causes and Effects of Absenteeism of students in
Senior high School”.
Thus, this study would be very significant to the following:
Students. This study will be meaningful to the learners for they will be equipped with the
acquired knowledge.

Teachers. The Teachers will manage the students into their presence and manage their
absence every class in a day and they also have a record if the students arrive or absent each
other.
Parents. The parents will guide their child to go every day to school and they should
monitor them every day if their child are absent in the class. Parents should encourage their
children to participate in the class and not being absent.
Future Researchers. The result of this study may serve as their basis for further studies
especially in gaining ideas about the causes and effects of absenteeism to the students Senior
high School.
1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS

6
For the research to be fully understood, the following terms are defined
conceptually.
1. Absenteeism. The failure to attend classes.
2. Bullying. Forcing dominance over others.
3. Financial Problem. The financial incapability of the guardian and the student to
sustain the students’ education.
4. Juvenile Justice System. It is the structure of the criminal legal system that deals with
crimes committed by minors at the ages between 10 and 18.
5. Tardiness. The failure to attend classes on time.

CHAPTER 2 7
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1.1 LOCAL LITERATURE
The study showed that being absent for three days in a month strongly correlates with
poor performance. As educators, it is important to know the threshold. Drawing policies on
school intervention regarding absenteeism requires guiding information on where to draw the
line. Policies cannot be simply drawn out of thin air. Three days in a month, that number, a
result of research, is a useful guide for teachers and school administrators. The study as
described by the article is only an initial analysis of the data. Ongoing research will continue to
unravel further the underlying factors that result into absenteeism. This is an important task
since this information likewise is necessary to design the interventions that are relevant (De
Dios, 2010)

Absenteeism and dropping out ten times are rampant behaviors among high school
students nowadays and these causes more headaches in the education sector. There are various
identified reasons why students keep on absenting and quitting the school in the end. Among
these are personal, teacher, home, school, and community-related factors. Such causes vary
from people's perspectives. But one thing is for sure, students are at-risk to such tendencies. In
the Philippines, based on 2008 data from the Commission on Higher Education (CHEd), out of
100 Grade One pupils, only 66 finish Grade Six. Only 58 of the 66 go on to enroll in first-year
8
high school and only 43 finish high school. Of the 43 who finished high school, only 23 enroll
in college and only 14 of the 23 graduates from college (Muzones and De Jesus,2009).
Fortunately, the drop-out rates among high school students in the country have been
significantly reduced, according to the Department of Education (DepEd). Secretary Armin
Luistro attributed the decrease in drop-out rates to the department's Dropout Reduction
Program (DORP), which provides alternative delivery programs to keep students in school and
finish basic education. "Our end-goal is to retain the poorly schooled and those who are in
danger of dropping out because of difficult social and economic situations and provide them
quality education," Luistro said.DepEd records show that the DORP have reduced the high
school dropout rate from 12.51 per cent in 2005- 2006 to 8.55 percent in 2006-2007, and even
a lower 7.45 percent in school years 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 (Carcamo, 2011). These habits
of absenteeism and dropouts among students are quite an epidemic nowadays that needed to be
addressed immediately. Necessary actions for early detection of such problems should be
undertaken to ensure the welfare of the future generations.

2.1.2 FOREIGN LITERATURE
Attending school regularly is a vital factor in school success for both students and
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teachers. 7xcessive school absenteeism is often linked to poor school academic achievement,
so school attendance by both teachers and students plays an integral role in the success and
educational advancement levels of any academic institution and all students enrolled.
Successful schools cannot survive without physically present students. According to the
"Excessive Absences Intervention" research study by author: inda: Williams, excessive
absenteeism by students may result in unlearned course material from fewer hours of
instruction, and a disruption of class instruction for teachers who have to administer
remediation for the absent student when he returns to school. Excessive absenteeism by
students may additionally result in poor academic achievement because students are not
receiving instruction on a consecutive basis. This problem also causes low standardized test
scores because absent students are not present to learn key concepts and skills that are assessed
on standardized exams.
Excessive student absenteeism can lead to an increasing disinterest in school and
academics in general. According to author Jason A. Schoeneberger's Longitudinal Attendance
Patterns Study, excessive absenteeism increases the chances of a student eventually dropping
out of school, which can lead to long term these students, such as lower average incomes,

10
higher incidences of unemployment, and a higher livelihood of incarceration. Schoeneberger
asserts that students who drop out of school face a higher risk of poverty because of their
inability to secure quality paying employment due to their lack of education and resources.
Dropouts who lack education and resources are more likely to commit criminal activity leading
to incarceration.
According to the center for comprehensive school reform and Improvement, attendance
rates effectively predicted whether a student would fail a course or not, and surprisingly,
attendance rate trumped grade point averages in predicting whether a student would fail a class
or not. In other words, a student could perform very highly academically, but would likely still
fail if he missed too much class. Additionally, the more a student missed school over the course
of several subsequent years of school, the more his GPA declined and the further behind he
became in all subjects.
2.2 REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES
Absenteeism: A Review of School’s Psychology Role
A major problem faced by schools across the country is student absenteeism. Although
the problem is pervasive in American schools, the attention focused on this issue has been
inadequate. Poor student attendance has far reaching effects on the individual, the school, and
society in general. The intent of this paper is to document the problem, summarize existing
research on mediating factors, provide a summary of interventions for improving student
attendance rates in schools, and to offer specific suggestions for school psychologists. Specific
11

attention is given to suggestions for future research to help expand the current understanding of
the causes and remediation of poor student attendance.
Chronic Absenteeism
Many states and reporting agencies are now defining chronic absenteeism as missing
10% or more school days for any reason (U.S. Departments of Education, Health and Human
Services, Housing and Urban Development, and Justice, 2015). Absenteeism refers to missed
instructional days that are excused, unexcused, or the result of disciplinary removal from
school (Jordan & Miller, 2017). Under ESSA (2015) guidelines, states are allowed to set their
own criteria for chronic absenteeism. In Minnesota, the Minnesota Department of Education
(MDE) has identified consistent attendance as a school quality indicator within the ESSA plan
which is defined as attending more than 90% of school days (MDE, 2018a).
For both chronic absenteeism and consistent attendance, all absences: excused,
unexcused, and suspensions are counted. In Minnesota, state statue identifies legitimate
exemptions from school. These excused absences are a critical difference between chronic
absenteeism and truancy as time missed for legitimate absence is not included in truancy
counts. However, excused absences are counted for calculations of chronic absenteeism.
Chronic absenteeism focuses on the impact of missing school on students’ academic and social
development; truancy focuses on legal compliance (Chang et al., 2018). The shift from truancy
to chronic absenteeism is crucial because high rates of absenteeism, even when excused, are
associated with negative academic outcomes (e.g. Chang et al., 2018; Cortiella, & Boundy,
2018).

Importance of Attendance
12
Government officials, teachers' groups, and individual parents all have voiced their
concerns over the need to develop policies and practices to counteract the problems facing our
nation's schools today such as the dropout rate, drug abuse, and declining education
performance (Bernstein, 1990). Poor school attendance arouses strong feelings in teachers,
parents, members of the educational support services, educational administrators, politicians,
and pupils. These strong feelings are expressed in different and often contradictory ways,
depending on the individual's own perspective (Galloway, 1985). The statistics related to
school absenteeism are staggering. Each school day, 2,500,000 students are reported absent
from school. The dropout rate is estimated at 27 percent nationally and over 45 percent in some
cities.
The 27 percent dropout rate equates to 65 busloads of students who leave United States
schools each week and do not return. In a year's time, 700,000 students will be lost. In two
years, the number will exceed one million (Person, 1990). The Virginia Department of
Education has created a system for better and more accountable schools through what is now
called the Outcome Accountability Project (OAP). This program establishes the criteria for
how schools and school divisions will be held accountable for meeting the commitment of
improving learning for all. The data from the OAP provides a framework for analyzing the
school district by breaking the whole into some of its parts. The attendance data for secondary
13

students provided by the OAP for the State of Virginia indicates that 66 percent of students in
grades 9-12 during the school year '95-'96 were absent 10 days or less from school. The OAP
data further lists Newport News Public Schools as having 55 percent of its grades 9-12 students
absent 10 days or less from school (OAP Report, 1997). The school philosophy, in general, is
one that stresses to teachers, pupils, and parents the importance of regular school attendance.
This is because it is the belief that only through regular school attendance can students’
progress academically at a successful rate (Jett & Platt, 1979). Attendance is part of a pupil's
cumulative record. It is important that good school attendance habits be established for later
years when pupils seek employment (Jett & Platt, 1979). Jett and Platt conclude that attendance
and its importance should be taught to students. Basic to that philosophy is the belief that poor
student attendance and truancy are some of the first signs of decay of a school and school
system. Therefore, it is incumbent upon educators to do all they can to promote good school
attendance habits among their pupils.
Overview of Newport News Public Schools
Based upon the attendance reports of Newport News Public Schools, student daily
attendance has averaged 92 percent over the past 10 years. Newport News Public Schools
attendance data for 1995-1996 reveal secondary student attendance 11 percent below the state
average of 66 percent. The 1995-1996 dropout rate for the school division was 1percent higher
than the reported state percentage of 5 percent. Newport News Public Schools minority dropout
rate 1995-1996 equals the state's 7 percent. Over the past five years attendance, the dropout
rate, and the minority dropout rate have been worse than the state average (OAP, 1996) . The
school board, superintendent, central office administrators, building based administrators,
14

teachers, parents, and community leaders have kept the issue of student attendance at the
forefront of their agenda throughout the years. However the problem that faces a majority of
the school divisions around the country has not escaped Newport News Public Schools. In
1996 the combination of appointed school board members and elected school board members
listened to small groups of teachers and interested community members regarding the
development of an attendance policy more stringent than the current attendance policy of
Newport News Public Schools. The small group of teachers wrote school board members
letters in support of a more stringent attendance policy. The lobbying by a small group of
teachers and the interest by certain appointed board members prompted many conversations
between board members, the superintendent, and administrative staff. The superintendent
charged the assistant superintendent of administrative and alternative services with the task of
developing a draft attendance policy and attendance program that could be given to the school
board for possible consideration.
The assistant superintendent of administrative and alternative services formulated an
attendance committee to assist his staff in writing a draft attendance policy that could be
brought before the school board for consideration. The attendance committee consisted of
school board members, central office administrators, principals, teachers, parents, and
community leaders. The attendance committee members were given the charge of exploring a
policy that would hold students accountable for missing classes or school. The charge was
approved by the superintendent and the assistant superintendent of administrative and
alternative services. The attendance committee submitted a draft attendance policy and
attendance program to the school board for their consideration. The school board discussed the
15

draft attendance policy and program many times during school board work sessions before
adopting the proposed attendance policy. The attendance policy and program were adopted by
the board in 1996 for full implementation during the 1996-1997 school year. After the school
board approved the proposed attendance policy, funding the attendance program became a
priority issue. During the budget process, the overall attendance budget was reduced to assist
the superintendent with the task given to him by the city manager to lower the school division
budget. With reduced funding for the attendance program, the assistant superintendent of
administrative and alternative services submitted a recommendation to the superintendent to
reallocate available attendance resources to the high school. The superintendent accepted the
recommendation. The recommendation was submitted by the superintendent to the school
board for board approval. The school board approved the reallocation of attendance resources
for the 1996-97 school year. The assistant superintendent of administrative and alternative
services reallocated seven attendance officers to the high schools from the elementary and
middle schools. Each high school was allocated an attendance clerk with the responsibility of
managing the attendance program data collection.
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY 16

3.1 QUALITATIVE DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
This study will use qualitative method and descriptive design. According to Aliaga and
Gunderson(2000), quantitative research is "explaining phenomena by collecting numerical data
that are analyzed using mathematical based methods".
3.3 RESEARCH SITE
Map showing Alicia National High School (left).
The study will be conducted at Alicia National High School.
3.3 SELECTION CRITERIA AND PARTICIPANTS
17.
The Senior High School students of Alicia National High School (age 16-18) was the
subject of this study.

3.4 DATA COLLECTION
The gathering of all information is the books, related studies in the internet, survey,
observations and articles.
In collecting the data, the researchers distributed the survey questionnaires to the
respondents. They will be discussed the contents of the questionnaires to the respondents
before answering it. In distributing the survey questionnaires, they will use allotted time so that
class discussion will not be disturbed. The students were given enough time in answering the
Survey questionnaires.
INSTRUMENT USED
The instrument will be structured and standardized questionnaire uses to collect data for
the study taken from Alicia National High School especially Senior High School.
Guide Questionnaire. this will be used in collecting informations toward the causes and
effects of absenteeism in Senior High School students.
Interview Guide. the researchers will use the Interview Guide to identify the causes and
effect of absenteeism senior high school students .
Camera. the researchers will use cameras to document the interview process and the
photo shoot the informer. These were used to ensure genuineness of the information.
18
3.5 DATA ANALYSIS

The results in this study were based on literature review and the response collected from the
students through questionnaire. The response rate was appropriate in order to analyze the data.
Data was analyzed in percentage response of respondents and using factor analysis.
CHAPTER 4
19
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS
This section displays the organized gathered data with logical and meaningful
categories according to the specific questions on this study. Thus, this chapter is the most

critical part since it presents what been found, discusses the implications, and also integrates
the results.
4.1.1. THE REASONS WHY STUDENTS DO NOT ATTEND THEIR CLASS
ANSWERS OF THE RESPONDENTS:
RESPONDENTS FINANCIAL FAMILY PEER BULLYING OTHERS
PROBLEM PROBLEM INFLUENCE (SPECIFY)
Respondents #1 √
Respondents #2 √
Respondents #3 √
Respondents #4 √
Respondents #5 Laziness
Respondents #6 √
20
Respondents #7 Laziness
Laziness and
Respondents #8 Health
Problem
Respondents #9 √

Problem
Respondents #11 √
Respondents #12 √
Respondents #13 √
Respondents #14 √
Problem
21
Problem
Respondents #17 √
Respondents #18 √
Respondents #19 √
Respondents #20 √
TABLE 4.1.1 THE STUDENTS’ ANSWERS FALL ON THE CATEGORY OF THE
FOLLOWING:

CATEGORIES FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
FAMILY PROBLEM 7 35%
BULLYING 2 10%
22.
PEER INFLUENCE 1 5%
OTHERS (SPECIFY) 6 30%
FINANCIAL 4 20%
PROBLEM
TOTAL 20 100%
23

4.1.1 STUDENTS’ REASONS
REASONS WHY STUDENTS DO NOT ATTEND THEIR CLASS
20%
Family problem
35%
Bullying
Peer influence
Others (specify)
Financial
Problem
30%
10%
5%
GRAPH 4.1.1. REASONS WHY STUDENTS DO NOT ATTEND THEIR CLASS
Graph 4.1.1 shows that out of 20 students, 35% of 100%, the respondents said that
financial problem is the top reason why students do not attend class while the 30% of 100%,
the respondents said that it is because students have illness, and another 30% of 100%
responded that it is because of laziness.
As we can see in the graph above, the most mentioned reason that has come up with
35% out of 100% the reason why students do not attend their class is because of the financial
problem they are experiencing, and the second topmost reason that has 30% of a hundred is
because students has a health problem in which they are sick to not attend in their class,
another findings said that 30% of 100%, the reason why students fail to go to school is
laziness.
24

4.1.2. FAMILY PROBLEM, FINANCIAL PROBLEM, LAZINESS,DISTANCE FROM
HOME TO SCHOOL, PEER PRESSURE AND
(AND OTHER FACTORS)’ WAY OF AFFECTING THE ABSENTEEISM OF A
STUDENT.
ANSWERS:
Respondents #1 It will have an affect on my academic performance.
Respondents #2 It can greatly affect me because if the student has family problem, it can
cause the students to have stress and depression.

Respondents #3 My studies will be affected because I will be distracted to earn money for
my fare and tuition to go to school.

Respondents #4 Whenever my parents are fighting, I’m losing my determination to go to
school so I prefer not to attend my classes.

Respondents #5 I just don’t feel like going to school.
Respondents #6 My grades in school will become low.
Respondents #7 Because of this reasons, I’ll become lazy to go to school.
Respondents #8 The problem is me and my perspective of losing concentration.
Respondents #9 Because of that reason I’ll become lazy to attend school.
Respondents #10 Family Problem and Financial Problem are the serious reason why most
of the teens nowadays do not attend and will hinder going to classes.
Respondents #11 I have to work to gain money to come to school, that’s why I’m not
attending classes.
Respondents #12 This factors are the reasons why most students have a difficulty25in
focusing on school.
Respondents #13 Sometimes these problems make me lose determination to go to school.
Respondents #14 A student will have a difficulty in focusing on their studies.
It has a great impact on students academic performance because they will

Respondents #15 miss some activities that they can’t get as a special activity. And also
Family Problem and Financial Problem, students might lose
concentration and focus in studying.

Respondents #16 Sometimes the students might miss the lesson and will cause my grades
to go down.
Respondents #17 This reasons and factors are enough reason for a students to lose interest
to attend classes.
Respondents #18 Because of all the problems she/he will become stress and depressed.
Respondents #19 Financial Problem has a great impact to me. Because we don’t have
money so it will affect my academic performance.

Respondents #20 Lack of Knowledge that will hinder student’s academic performance.
FOLLOWING:
26

It will hinder students’
academic performance.
4 20%
It will make students have a
difficulty in focusing in their

4 20%
studies.
It will cause student to be
subjected to depression and

2 10%
stress, thus, the failure to go

to school.
Lose determination to attend 2 10%
school.
It will affect students’ tuition 3 15%
and academic performance.

The students will lose interest 1 5%
to go attend school.
It will cause the students’ 1 5%
grades to go downhill.
It will make students lazy to 3 15% 27
attend classes.
TOTAL 20 100%
GRAPH 4.1.2 FACTORS THAT CAUSES THE STUDENTS TO NOT ATTEND THEIR
CLASSES.
HOW DOES THE FACTORS MENTIONED AFFECTS THE ABSENTEEISM OF A

STUDENT.
It will hinder student student’s academic performance.

28
15% 20%
It will make students have a difficulty in focusing in
their studies and lose concentration.
It will cause me to have a depression and stress, thus,
5% I won’t go to school anymore.
Lose determination to attend school.
5%
It will affect my tuition and academic performance.
20% I will lose interest to go to school.

15%
It will cause my grades to go downhill.
It will make me lazy to attend classes

Research Paper Project S.Y.10%
2020 10% Practical Research Project
GRAPH 4.1.2 HOW DOES FAMILY PROBLEM, FINANCIAL PROBLEM,
LAZINESS,DISTANCE FROM HOME TO SCHOOL, PEER PRESSURE AND (AND
OTHER FACTORS) AFFECT THE ABSENTEEISM OF A STUDENT.
Graph 4.1.2 shows that out of 20 students there are 20% of 100% respondents said that
losing their determination is the reason, and 20% said that it will make students have a
difficulty in focusing in their studies and may lose concentration, another 20% said that it will
hinder student’s academic performance.
As we can see in the table above, there are three most reasons on how the factors can
affect the students absenteeism in a way students will loos their determination, students will
struggle in focusing in their studies, and the last 20% says that the factors will hinder the
students performance in academic.
29
4.1.3 TEACHER’S BEHAVIOR IN THE CLASS’ WAY OF AFFECTING THE
STUDENTS’ ABSENTEEISM.
ANSWERS:
Respondents #1 The students might be scared wherein they are not going to attend their
classes.
Respondents #2 The students will absent if other teachers treat him/her unfairly.
Respondents #3 Sometimes too strict, sometimes kind, and sometimes boring so it will
make students absent from school.

Respondents #4 It does not affect me or my studies at all.
Respondents #5 They give too much activities so it will make me lazy to attend their
classes.
Respondents #6 The teachers treat me unfairly so it will lose my interest in attending their
classes.
Respondents #7 If the teacher is terror and scary, I am afraid to go in school.
Respondents #8 Teachers’ behavior doesn’t affect me.
Respondents #9 It affects our learning and our self confidence in other teachers if they
treat us unfairly.
Well for me, teachers’ behavior in class doesn’t have to do with the
Respondents #10 students’ absenteeism for I believe teachers’ do have different approaches
ad ways when it comes to teaching.

Respondents #11 Sometimes cranky, and sometimes the teachers’ methods to teach 30is
boring so I fall asleep.

Respondents #12 I don’t think so that it will affect the students’ absenteeism. It is up to the
students.
Respondents #13 I think it will not affect it.
Respondents #14 If a teacher is not good in teaching, the students won’t learn anything.
Respondents #15 Teachers affect students’ absenteeism by the way on how they treat them

and might motivate them to attend classes.

Respondents #16 Sometimes the students get bored and afraid of the teachers. They didn’t
motivate to study more so I won’t bother to go to school.

Some circumstances, behavior of teachers like scary can affect the
Respondents #17 students to not attend in their class because some of their reasons are
intimidation.
Respondents #18 If the teacher is strict, the students will decide that they don’t want to
enter that class anymore.

Respondents #19 The teachers get angry to the student and humiliate them in front of the
class
Respondents #20 More pressure and super strict.
FOLLOWING:
31

The students will be scared
and intimidated by the

4 20%
teachers so it will be hard for
them to attend classes.

If the teachers does not treat
their students fairly, it makes

4 20%
the students lose their interest
in their class.
If the teachers act strict in an

unreasonable way, it will 2 10%
make students to absent from
their class.
The behavior of teachers
does not affect students’

5 25%
absenteeism at all.
The teachers give too much
activities so it will make the

1 5%
students lazy to attend their 32
classes.
The teachers are too strict so
it will scare students to

2 10%
attend their classes.
The teachers lectures and
styles of teaching makes

2 10%
students bored to attend their
classes.
33.

GRAPH 4.1.3 AFFECTS OF TEACHERS BEHAVIOR IN STUDENTS
THE AFFECTS TO THE STUDENTS OF THE TEACHERS BEHAVIOR IN CLASSROOM.
10%
20% The students will be scared and intimidated by the teachers so
it will be hard for them to attend classes.
10% If the teachers does not treat their students fairly, it makes the
students lose their interest in their class.
If the teachers act strict in an unreasonable way, it will make

students to absent from their class.
5%
The behavior of teachers does not affect the students at all.
The teachers gives to much activities so it will make the

20% students lazy to attend their classes.
The teachers are to strict so it will scare the students to attend

their classes.
25%
The teachers lectures and styles of teaching make the students
10% bored to attend their classes.
GRAPH 4.1.3 THE TEACHERS’ BEHAVIOR IN CLASSROOM EFFECT IN 33.
THE ABSENTEEISM OF THE STUDENTS.
Graph 4.1.5 shows how the behavior of the teacher in class affects the students. Out of
20 respondents, 25% of 100% said that the behavior of teachers in class does not affect them at
all. 20% of the respondents said that the students will be scared and intimidated by the teachers
so it will be hard for them to attend classes, and another 20% of the respondents said that if the
teachers does not treat their students fairly, the students have the tendency to lose their interest
in their class.
34.

4.1.4 HOW DOES ABSENTEEISM AFFECT THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF
THE STUDENTS?
ANSWERS
Respondents #1 The academic performance of students became rare which is intended to
low academic performance.

Respondents #2 It can cause poor performance and also low grade.
Respondents #3 Cannot get a high grades and I may even fail in class.
Respondents #4 Absenteeism makes my grades low because of some missed assignments,
and quizzes.
Respondents #5 Low grades.
Respondents #6 This will cause our grades to fail and because of this there’s a possibility
that we won’t go to school anymore.

Respondents #7 It affects y performance badly because there are topics that I’ve missed so
can’t relate to the discussions for the next day.

Respondents #8 Fail grades.
Respondents #9 It affects our studies because our grades become bad because of being
absent every now and then.

Absenteeism hinder a students to become productive and active one when
Respondents#10 it comes to academic performance. This can be evident in their grades,35.
failing grades.
Respondents #11 I can’t get a high grade and there’s a possibility that we might fail our

grades and a reason for us not to graduate.

Respondents #12 He will miss some or s lot of activities that can affect his academic
performance.
Respondents #13 It affects greatly because when students absents, he will miss activities in
a reason that he will have a failing grades.

Respondents #14 When a student is absent then he/she can’t cope up with the lessons and
activities he/she misses.

Respondents #15 It has a great impact on students academic performance because
sometimes students might miss quizzes and activities.

Respondents #16 Their grades become lower because they don’t know the lesson.
It has a big impact to their academic performance; example is when a
student didn’t attend to hi/her class then their teacher will give a surprise
Respondents #17 quiz and you are not present, then that instances have a big impact that
will affect us as a student.

Respondents #18 By their grades they have a lower grade because they don’t know the
36.
lesson.
Respondents #19 Nothing has learned.
Respondents #20 Low grade.
FOLLOWING:

The regularity of students to
commit absenteeism will

4 20%
result in low and poor
academic performance.

7 35%
result in low grades.

3 15%
result in failure of passing
the school year. 37.


6 30%
result in struggle of coping
up with the lessons and
activities.
TOTAL 20 100%

GRAPH 4.1.4 AFFECTS OF ABSENTEEISM IN STUDENTS ACADEMIC
PERFORMANCE
AFFECTS OF ABSENTEEISM IN ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF THE

STUDENTS
The regularity of students to commit absenteeism

will result in low academic performance inside the
20% classroom.
30% The regularity of students to commit absenteeism
will result in low grades.

will result in failure of passing the school year.

15% 35% will result in struggle of coping up with the lessons
and activities.
GRAPH 4.1.4 HOW ABSENTEEISM AFFECTS THE ACADEMIC
PERFORMANCE OF THE STUDENTS.

38.
Graph 4.1.4 shows the reasons or how absenteeism affects the academic performance of
the students in their class. Out of 20 respondents, 35% of 100% said that the regularity of
students to commit absenteeism will result in low grades. 30% of the respondents said that the
regularity of students to commit absenteeism will result in struggle of coping up with the
lessons and activities. 20% of the respondents said that the regularity of students to commit
absenteeism will result in low and poor academic performance.

CHAPTER 5
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

39.
This chapter presents the highlights and important findings, conclusions, the summary,
and recommendation based from the analysis of data in order to arrive at answers to the
questions stated in this study.
SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS
4.1.1 shows that out of 20 students, 35% of 100% of the respondents said that family
problem is the top reason why students do not attend class while the 30% of the respondents
said that it is because students have illness and because of students laziness. 20% of the
students said that it is because of the financial problem why students do not attend their class.

10% of the respondents said that it is because of the bullying they are experiencing inside the
class. The 5% of the respondents said that it is because of their peer influence.
4.1.2 shows that out of 20 students there are 20% of the respondents who said that
losing their determination is the reason, and 20% said that it will make students have a
difficulty in focusing in their studies and lose concentration, another 20% said that it will
hinder student’s academic performance. 15% of the respondents said that it will affect their
tuition and academic performance, another 15% of the respondents said that it will make them
lazy to attend their classes. 10% of the respondents said that it will cause them to have a
depression and stress, thus, they they won’t go to school anymore, another 10% of the
respondents said that they will lose their determination to attend their class. 5% of them said
that they will lose their interest to go to school, another 5% of the respondents said that it may
40.
cause their grades to fail.
4.1.3 shows how the behavior of the teacher in class affects the students. Out of 20
respondents, 25% of 100% of them said that the behavior of teachers in class does not affect
them at all. 20% of the respondents said that the students will be scared and intimidated by the
teachers so it will be hard for them to attend classes, and another 20% of the respondents said
that if the teachers does not treat their students fairly, the students have the tendency to lose
their interest in their class. 10% of the respondents said that if the teachers act strict in a
unreasonable way, it will make the students do not attend their class, 10% of them said that
teachers are too strict that it made them scared, another 10% said that the teachers lecture and
style of teaching makes them bored to attend in their class. 5% of the respondents said that
teachers gives to much activities that makes students lazy to go to school.

4.1.4 shows the reasons or how absenteeism affects the academic performance of the
students in their class. Out of 20 respondents, most of them 35% said that the regularity of
students to commit absenteeism will result in low grades. 30% of the respondents said that the
regularity of students to commit absenteeism will result in struggle of coping up with the
lessons and activities. 20% of the respondents said that the regularity of students to commit
absenteeism will result in low and poor academic performance. 15% of the respondents said
that the regularity of the students to commit absenteeism will result in failure of passing the
school year.
CONCLUSIONS
From the analysis, it was found out that family problem is the top most said reason why41.
students do not attend their classes causing them to fail their grades. In addition to that,
financial incapability to provide for the educational needs of the students as well as the
illnesses that hinders their academic performance. Bullying makes the students scared to attend
their classes just like how having family problem loses their determination to attend their class,
with the said factors students have difficulty in focusing with their studies and students have a
tendency to fail their grades.
It concludes that beside the top said factor or reason of having a family problem that
leads students to not attend their class, it also was found out that teachers behavior in class has
a big effect on the students committing absenteeism, teaching strategies of the teachers needs
improvement that can be used to avoid doing the reasons why students loses their interest to
attend their class.

RECOMMENDATION
Based on the findings and conclusions, the following recommendations are given: 42.
1. The researchers recommend that the school should focus on increasing students’
commitment and motivation to attend classes in order to reduce student absenteeism. It is also
suggested that efforts must be present in a direction to convey that students are important as a
learner and an individual.
2. The parents of the students should further guide and support their children when it
comes to their education and be informed about the importance of good attendance for
achieving great success in school and in life.
3. School administrators’, faculties’ empathetic approaches to the learners and their
positive attitudes make a big difference and will facilitate students to feel interconnected to the
school. Students’ positive relationship with their teachers will increase dedication to go to
school and will play a role in reducing students’ absenteeism.

4. Attendance policy makers should provide incentives or rewards, such as recognition
certificates, and prizes or simple gifts and incentives to students with good attendance. Thus,
their absenteeism will decrease, unwanted behaviors will be lessened, and academic excellence
will be enhanced. The researchers encourage replicating the context of this research for deeper
appreciation and understanding of the root causes and reasons behind absenteeism in the
students’ education with the ultimate goal to provide doable strategies to eradicate the
problems.
REFERENCE
https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/201440 43.
http://www.ijarp.org/published-research-papers/nov2017/The-Relationship-
Between-School-Distance-And-Academic-Achievement-Of-Primary-School-Pupils-
In-Ovia-North-east-Lga-Edo-State-Nigeria.pdf
www.wikipedia.com
http://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10539/2202/LenonoPR_Chapter
%203.pdf?sequence=5&isAllowed=y
https://www.academia.edu/31831353/THE_CAUSES_OF_ABSENTEEISM_OF_HIGH_SCHOOL_S
TUDENTS?
https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/bitstream/handle/2142/15450/Thesis-Ch_1-
3.pdf?sequence=8&isAllowed=y
44.

Causes and Effects of Absenteeism in Senior High School Students

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Causes and Effects of Absenteeism in Senior High School Students

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Republic of the Philippines

CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF ABSENTEEISM

A PRACTICAL RESEARCH PAPER

FACULTY OF THE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

ALICIA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

JOREEN DIVINE GAMMAD

TRICIA ANN RODRIGUEZ

JOHN KENNETH DE GUZMAN

CHRIS JOHN PATACSIL

MARC VINCENT JULIAN

RHEA MAE PASCUA

MA’AM EILLEN PIA JUSTO

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS:

questions of this research are answered.

Research Paper Project S.Y. 2020 Practical Research Project

Title Page ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- i

Approval Sheet ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ii

Acknowledgement ------------------------------------------------------------------------- iii

Table of Contents --------------------------------------------------------------------------- v

CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Conceptual Framework ------------------------------------------- 3.

Statement of the Problem ----------------------------------------- 5.

Scope and Delimitation ------------------------------------------- 6.

Significance of the Study ----------------------------------------- 6.

Definition of Terms ------------------------------------------------ 7.

CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ------------------- 8.

Review of Related Literature ------------------------------------- 8.

Local Literature ----------------------------------------------------- 8.

Research Paper Project S.Y. 2020 Practical Research Project

Foreign Literature -------------------------------------------------- 10.

Review of Related Studies ---------------------------------------- 11.

CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ------------------------------ 17.

Qualitative Design and Methodology ---------------------------- 17.

Research Site -------------------------------------------------------- 17.

Selection Criteria and Participants ------------------------------- 18.

Data Collection ---------------------------------------------------- 18.

Research Instrument ---------------------------------------------- 18.

Data Analysis ------------------------------------------------------ 19.

CHAPTER 4 FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ------------------------------ 20.

CHAPTER 5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND -------------------------- 40.

REFERENCES ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 44.

Research Paper Project S.Y. 2020 Practical Research Project

successful learning outcomes inside the school premises.

against the targeted academic development.

society, as well as students.

responsibility and of carelessness.

transportation issues among others. 1

Research Paper Project S.Y. 2020 Practical Research Project

encouragement of friends and lack of interest in education.

a negative attitude towards school, teachers, and classmates.

School is prone to average absenteeism as what public schools are experiencing.

the individuals who are planning to engage in this.

Research Paper Project S.Y. 2020 Practical Research Project

1.2 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

throughout the study by the researchers. In some theories, absenteeism is a “withdrawal

6.Collecting data through questionnaire

Identified the real reasons why

1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

students in Senior High School.

1.1 Distance from house to school

1.3 Financial Problem

1.4 Family Problem