Hot Air Oven for Sterilization: Definition & Working Principle

Hot Air Oven for Sterilization: Definition & Working Principle

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Saif Aldeen Saad Obayes
MIEEE

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Saifaldeen.Saad@ieee.org

Summary
A hot air oven is a type of dry heat sterilization. Dry heat sterilization is used on

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equipment that cannot be wet and on material that will not melt, catch fire, or change
form when exposed to high temperatures. Moist heat sterilization uses water to boil

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items or steam them to sterilize and doesn't take as long as dry heat sterilization.
Examples of items that aren't sterilized in a hot air oven are surgical dressings, rubber
items, or plastic material.
Items that are sterilized in a hot air oven include:
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 Glassware (like petri dishes, flasks, pipettes, and test tubes)
 Powders (like starch, zinc oxide, and sulfadiazine)
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 Materials that contain oils
 Metal equipment (like scalpels, scissors, and blades)
Hot air ovens use extremely high temperatures over several hours to destroy
microorganisms and bacterial spores. The ovens use conduction to sterilize items by
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heating the outside surfaces of the item, which then absorbs the heat and moves it
towards the center of the item.
The commonly-used temperatures and time that hot air ovens need to sterilize
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materials is 170 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes, 160 degrees Celsius for 60 minutes,
and 150 degrees Celsius for 150 minutes.
Hot air ovens sterilize equipment over long periods of time, so she has to be organized
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in determining what items will be sterilized at what time. This depends on when the
equipment needs to be available again. Gina's manager now explains the different
types of hot air ovens.
Keywords: Sterilization, Dry heat, ovens, Sterilize equipment.
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This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed. Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3340325
 Introduction:

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Hot air oven is a device used for heating application such as drying and
sterilizing dental tools, surgical tools, so other, this device is thermostatically
controlled and electrically heated.

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Advantages and disadvantages
The hot air oven does not require water and there is not much pressure build
up within the oven, unlike an autoclave, making them safer to work with. This also
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makes them more suitable to be used in a laboratory environment. They are much
smaller than autoclaves but can still be as effective. They can be more rapid than an
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autoclave and higher temperatures can be reached compared to other means. As

they use dry heat instead of moist heat, some organisms may not be killed by them
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every time.
The parts of oven:
1. Mechanical part.
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2. Electric part.
1. Mechanical part :
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1. The Coat (outer shield).

2. Fiber glass.

This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed. Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3340325
 3. The chamber.

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4. The shelves (mesh).

1. The coat :The coat is made of aluminum or stainless steel because it is

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characterized by the following:
a) resisting the mechanical shocks
b) Resisting the oxidation.
c) Rectangular solid shape to be easily placed anywhere in the laboratory.

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d) The coat consists of several surfaces an isolator material prevents heat from

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getting outside.

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2. Fiber glass : There are two types of fiber glass :
a) Brown fiber glass: be somewhat cheap, but it is a dangerous substance because
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it causes inflammation in respiratory system and should be careful in dealing
with.
b) Yellow fiber glass: available by variously and it is less dangerous than the brown,
the skin is sensitive to it and should wear gloves when dealing with. The
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advantage of fiberglass is a good insulator of heat and it is used in the oven to

prevent the transfer of heat from inside the device to the outside and maintain
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the internal temperature .

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3. The chamber: The chamber is completely made of aluminum or stainless steel

because it has the following characteristics:
a) Rectangular solid shape to suit dealing with various objects.
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b) It has thermally insulated from all other parts of the oven to prevent effective on
them.
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c) It has ribs to put shelves in the wanted levels.

d) It is made from materials characterized by oxidations' resisting.

This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed. Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3340325
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4. The shelves (mesh): they are plates on which the objects are placed, the number
of shelves is varying according to the number and size of objects, the oven
capacity. It characterized by:

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a) They are made of aluminum which is considered as oxidation resisting material.
b) When they are placed in their locations on the ribs some area is lifted to allow
movement of air, some shelves contain openings to help this purpose.

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2. Electric part :

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1. The power supply.
2. The heater. er
3. Thermostat.
4. Temperature indicator (thermometer).
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5. Timer.
6. Fuses.
7. Control panel.
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1. Power supply: The used supply in the oven is 220v – 50Hz transformer and
rectifying circuit (AC to DC convert) to run the control panel if the parameters,
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numeric or other departments in the modern fashion.

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2. The Heater: The electric heating system is the system in which heating produce by
rising of temperature caused by the passing of electric current through a
conductor having a high resistor to current flow. Generally, they can be operated
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from 50 to 300 °C. The heaters can be used for hot air oven applications with the
following voltages:
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• 347 volts/1 phase

• 600 volts/1 phase

This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed. Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3340325
 • 600 volts/3 phases

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• 208/240 volts/1 phase
• 208 volts/3 phases
The heater element has the following characteristics:

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1- High resistance.
2- Electrical insulation.
3- Thermal conductivity.
There are 6 types of heaters used in dry oven:

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1- One side circular type heater.

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2- One side U type heater.
3- One side wave type heater er
4- One side square type heater
5- Three sides type heater.
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6- Four sides type heater.

3. Thermostat : is a semiconductor made of ceramic, it characterized with having

thermal resistance with a high negative temperature coefficient, this means the
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resistance of thermostat decrease as temperature increases and vice versa. So it

is a sensor of heat connecting directly with heater and the separation of heater
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in certain degrees so as to obtain the temperature we need as needed and also

used to protect the device.
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4. Temperature indicator: Twos way are used in temperature indicator there are
thermometer and thermocouple & Identified for the internal temperature.
5. Timer: There are two type of timer electrical or mechanical at range
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5-60 min given period of time required for sterilization.

6. Fuse: To protect the circuit from high current due to the high loads or short
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circuits.

This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed. Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3340325
 7. Control panel: (oven door) contains several elements and the most important

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about indicator power lamp usually green & indicator heater lamp usually red
& contain switch on-off and timer & knob.

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Kadhim -Saif Aldeen Saad Obayes Al

M.Sc. Electromechanical Engineering

(e-mail: Saifaldeen.Saad@ieee.org).

Saif Aldeen Saad Obayes: Born in Babylon (1984). earned his BSc in Electrical

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Engineering from Babylon University (2006), Higher Diploma in Power System technology from College of
Electrical and Electronic Technology (2010), MSc degrees in ElectroMechanical System Engineering from

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University of Technology (2016), Baghdad, Iraq.More than 8 years’ experiences in ElectroMechanical
systems. Interested in Internet of Things, CAD/CAM system, Industry Management and E-governments.

Senior researcher. Participated in IEEE ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION SOCIETY, IEEE Industrial
Electronics Society, IEEE YOUNG PROFESSIONALS, IEEE Biometrics Council, IEEE Nanotechnology
erCouncil, IEEE Sensors Council and IEEE Systems Council.

1. Saif Aldeen Saad Obayes Al-Kadhim, and et al., Prototype Wireless Controller System
based on Raspberry Pi and Arduino for Engraving Machine, UKSim-AMSS 19th
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International Conference on Modelling & Simulation, DOI: 10.1109/UKSim.2017.20.
2. Saif Aldeen Saad Obayes Al-Kadhim, Industrial Workshop Based on Internet of
Things: Automated Manufacturing Systems Technology, Noor Publishing (August 1,
2017), ISBN-10: 3330965754, ISBN-13: 978- 3330965751.
3. Saif Aldeen Saad Obayes Al-Kadhim, and et al., CNC Machine Based on Embedded
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Wireless and Internet of Things for Workshop Development Article in IJCDS

Journal Volume 6(Issue 4):205 · July 2017, DOI: 10.12785/ijcds/060406.

4. Al-Saedi, Ibtesam RK, Farag Mahel Mohammed, and Saif Aldeen Saad Obayes.
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"CNC Machine Based on Embedded Wireless and Internet of Things for Workshop
Development." International Journal of Computing and Digital Systems 6.4 (2017):
205-213.
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5. I. R. K. Al-Saedi, F. M. Mohammed and Saif Aldeen Saad Obayes Al-Kadhim, "CNC

machine based on embedded wireless and Internet of Things for workshop development,"
2017 International Conference on Control, Automation and Diagnosis (ICCAD),
Hammamet, 2017, pp. 439-444. doi:10.1109/CADIAG.2017.8075699.
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6. Saif Aldeen Saad Obayes Al-Kadhim, I. R. K. Al-Saedi and F. M. Mohammed,

"Prototype Wireless Controller System Based on Raspberry Pi and Arduino for
Engraving Machine," 2017 UKSim-AMSS 19th International Conference on Computer
Modelling & Simulation (UKSim), Cambridge, 2017, pp. 69-74. doi:
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10.1109/UKSim.2017.20.
7. Obayes, Saif Aldeen Saad, Ibtesam RK Al-Saedi, and Farag Mahel Mohammed.
"Prototype Wireless Controller System based on Raspberry Pi and Arduino for

This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed. Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3340325
 Engraving Machine." Computer Modelling & Simulation (UKSim), 2017 UKSim-
AMSS 19th International Conference on. IEEE, 2017.

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8. Obayes, Saif Aldeen Saad, Ibtesam R. K. Al-Saedi, and Basil Jabir Shanshool, "
Microstrip Grid Antenna Array for 5G Mobile Devices," Journal of Communications,
vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 225-229, 2018. Doi: 10.12720/jcm.13.5.225-229.
9. Obayes, Saif Aldeen Saad. Simulation of Multi-Machine Transient Stability. Diss.

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College of Electrical and Electronics Techniques, Middle Technical University, 2010.
10. Obayes, Saif Aldeen Saad. Analog Speech Scrambling by Using Wavelet Transform.
Diss. University of Babylon, 2006.
11. Al-Kadhim, Saif Aldeen Saad Obayes. Simulation of Multi-Machine Transient Stability.
Diss. College of Electrical and Electronics Techniques, Middle Technical University,

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2010.
12. Al-Kadhim, Saif Aldeen Saad Obayes, Obayes, Saif Aldeen Saad. Application of

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Computer Numerical Control Machine Based on Internet of Things System. Diss.
University of Technology, 2017.
13. Al-Kadhim, Saif Aldeen Saad Obayes, Ibtesam RK Al-Saedi, and Basil Jabir
Shanshool. "Microstrip Grid Antenna Array for 5G Mobile Devices." JCM 13.5 (2018):
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225-229.
14. Al-Kadhim, Saif Aldeen Saad Obayes. "CNC Machine Based on Embedded Wireless
and Internet of Things for Workshop Development." IJCDS 6.4 (2017): 205.
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15. Al-Kadhim, Saif Aldeen Saad Obayes. "Solar Cell Parameter Extraction From Data
using MATLAB and Simulink."
16. Al-Kadhim, Saif Aldeen Saad Obayes. "Communicating with Raspberry Pi via
MAVLink."
17. Al-Kadhim, Saif Aldeen Saad Obayes, Sarah Kadhim Aboud. "LIGHT SENSOR TO
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SWITCH ON A LIGHT OR ANY DEVICE LDR.".Tequneical report

18. Al-Kadhim, Saif Aldeen Saad Obayes, Sarah Kadhim Aboud. (2017). LIGHT SENSOR
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TO SWITCH ON A LIGHT OR ANY DEVICE LDR. Project: IoT and Smart System
Retrieved from Researchgate database. DOI:10.13140/RG.2.2.34584.49928.
19. Al-Kadhim, S. A. S. O. (2018) ‘Solar Cell Parameter Extraction From Data using
MATLAB and Simulink Data and Block Setup’, (March). doi:
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10.13140/RG.2.2.22237.51680.
20. Al-Kadhim, S. A. S. O. (2019) Communicating with Raspberry Pi via MAVLink. doi:
10.13140/RG.2.2.21398.65606.
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21. Alkadhim, Saif Aldeen Saad and Aboud, Sarah Kadhim, Light Sensor to Switch On a
Light or Any Device (January 18, 2019). Available at
SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3318154 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3318154
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This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed. Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3340325