DESIGN OF HELICOIDAL STAIR

Geometrical Properties Material Properties

Riser "R" 0.175 m Weight of reinforced concrete "γrc" 25 kN/m3
Tread "T" 0.35 m Strength of concrete "fc" 28 N/mm2
width of steps and Landing"B"or bw 1.95 m Strength of steel "fy" 500 N/mm2
Inner radius " Ri" 5.562 m Clear cover to concrete 25 mm
Outer Radius "Ro" = Ri+B 7.512 m Flexure strength reduction factor 0.9
Thickness of slab "h" 280 mm Shear strength reduction factor 0.75
Eff. Depth "d" 248.5 Modulus of Elasticity of steel "Es" 200000 N/mm2
Plan angle of the stair "α " 132 degrees Modulus of Elasticity of concrete "Ec" 24870.1 N/mm2
Vertical angle at the step Modular Ratio "n = Es/Ec" 8.04
centreline with horizontal " Φ " 36 degrees Reinforcement
Dia of top of bars 12 mm
Loading Dia of bottom of bars 8 mm
Self Weight of slab 8.54 kN/m2 Dia of closed hoop bars as distributio 14 mm
2
Floor Finish 1 kN/m
weight of steps 2.1875 kN/m2 Required Provided
Total dead Load "Udl" 11.7275 kN/m 2
Nos Spac Nos Spac
Live load 3 kN/m2 Ast top full width 27.04 72.121 13 150
Total service Load "tsl" 14.7275 kN/m2 Asb Bottom full width 29 67.247 13 150
2
Total Ultimate Load "w" 18.873 kN/m Closed hoops per m 4.436 225.44 7 143
Total Ultimate Load for full width"wu" 36.80235 kN/m2 Top steel "Ast" mm2 3056 1470
Bottom steel "Asb"mm2 1457 653
2 legged Closed hoops ste 1365 2154

Calculations
Radius of centreline of loading =R1=2/3{(Ro3-Ri3)/(Ro2-Ri2)} = 6.58547 m
Radius of centreline of steps = R2 =(Ri+Ro)/2 = 6.537 m

F1 = α/10 = 13.2
F2 = 0.067F1-0.00046F12 0.80425
 DESIGN OF HELICOIDAL STAIR
Geometrical Properties Material Properties
Riser "R" 0.175 m Weight of reinforced concrete "γrc" 25 kN/m3
Tread "T" 0.35 m Strength of concrete "fc" 28 N/mm2
width of steps and Landing"B"or bw 1.95 m Strength of steel "fy" 500 N/mm2
Inner radius " Ri" 5.562 m Clear cover to concrete 25 mm
Outer Radius "Ro" = Ri+B 7.512 m Flexure strength reduction factor 0.9
F3 = 0.2+0.034F1-0.00016F12 0.62092
F4 =F2-(F2-F3)/10*(Φ-25)+F2 0.60259
F5 = 0.6+0.033F1+0.0000421F12 1.04294
F6 = 0.478+0.0176F1+0.0000884F1 2
0.72572
F21 = -0.111+0.0186F1-0.000875F12 -0.0179
F26 = 0.323-0.0765F1+0.005F1 -0.00012F1
2 3
-0.0916
F27 = F25-(F25-F26)/5(F8-5) -0.1386

Vertical moment at support "Mvs" = k3wuR22 -218 kNm

Positive vertical moment "Mvp" at θ = α/3 = 44

Mvp =MoCos θ+HR2πθ/180 tanΦ sinθ-wuR12(1-cosθ) = -10.363 kNm

Lateral moment "Ml" at θ = 3α/8 = 49.5

Ml = MoSinθSinΦ-HR2π/180tanΦCosθSinΦ-HR2CosΦSinθ+wuR1Sinθ-R2πθ/180) = -938.73 kNm

Torsional Moment "T" at θ = 3α/8 = 49.5

T = (MoSinθ-HR2πθ/180CosθtanΦ+wuR12Sinθ-wuR1R2πθ/180)CosΦ+HR2SinθSinΦ= 29.75 kNm

Axial Thrust "N" at θ = 3α/8 = 49.5

N = -HSinθCosΦ-wuR1πθ/180SinΦ = -219.23 kN

Vertical Shearforce "Vv" at θ = α/2= 66

Vv = -HSinθSinΦ+wuR1πθ/180CosΦ = 141.933 kN

Lateral Shearforce "Vh" at θ = 0

Vh = Hcosθ = 156.3 kN

Vu = 1.2sqrt(Vv2+Vh2) = 253.353 kN

Shear strength of concrete = ΦcVc = 0.75Sqrt(fc)B.d/6 = 320.516 kN

ΦcVc > Vu O.K

Vertical negative bending of flights

Mu = 1.2*Mvs = -261.56 kNm
261.562
ω 0.091
ρ 0.0051
Ast1 = 2472 mm2for full width
 DESIGN OF HELICOIDAL STAIR
Geometrical Properties Material Properties
Riser "R" 0.175 m Weight of reinforced concrete "γrc" 25 kN/m3
Tread "T" 0.35 m Strength of concrete "fc" 28 N/mm2
width of steps and Landing"B"or bw 1.95 m Strength of steel "fy" 500 N/mm2
Inner radius " Ri" 5.562 m Clear cover to concrete 25 mm
Outer Radius "Ro" = Ri+B 7.512 m Flexure strength reduction factor 0.9

Vertical positive bending of flights

Mu = 1.2*Mvp = -12.436 kNm
12.4361
ω 0.0041
ρ 0.0002
ρmin 0.0018 use ρ min
Asb1 = 111.47 mm2for full width
Minimum steel = 0.0018.B.d = 872 mm2 for full width
Asb1 = 872.24 mm for full width
2

Distribution,Temperature and Transverse Torsion Steel

Temperature steel: 0.0018.B.d = 872 mm2 for full width

Lateral bending of flight:

Mu = 1.2*Ml = 1126.47 kNm
depth available = B-100 = 1850 mm
width =h = 280 mm
ω 0.0480
ρ 0.0027
Ast = 1392 mm2

Torsion Design of Flight:

Tu = 1.2*T 29.75 kNm
Acp = Area enclosed by outside perimeter of concrete section
or the gross area of the section
= B*h = 546000 mm2
Pcp = Outside perimeter of concrete section
= 2(B+h) 4460 mm

Torsional strength of concrete = ΦtTc = 0.75*0.083*sqrt(fc)*(Acp2/pcp) = 22.0175 kNm

ΦtTc > Tu Design Torsion reinforcement

Cross section dimension check

= 407376 mm2

= 4204 mm
 DESIGN OF HELICOIDAL STAIR
Geometrical Properties Material Properties
Riser "R" 0.175 m Weight of reinforced concrete "γrc" 25 kN/m3
Tread "T" 0.35 m Strength of concrete "fc" 28 N/mm2
width of steps and Landing"B"or bw 1.95 m Strength of steel "fy" 500 N/mm2
Inner radius " Ri" 5.562 m Clear cover to concrete 25 mm
Outer Radius "Ro" = Ri+B 7.512 m Flexure strength reduction factor 0.9

= 0.685

3.294 Cross section O.K

At/s = Tu/(фt*1.7*Aoh*fy)

At/s = 0.11455 mm2/mm/2 legs

= 0.229 mm2/mm/2 legs

minimum torsional reinforcement

= 1.279 mm2/mm/2 legs

= 1.365 mm2/mm/2 legs

Hence minimum torsion reinforcement

= 1.365 mm2/mm/2 legs

dia of stirrups used = 14 mm

using 2-legged stirrups

required spacing = s = 225.44 mm c/c

required Nos of closed stirrups /m = 4.436

Provided Nos of closed stirrups /m = 7

 DESIGN OF HELICOIDAL STAIR
Geometrical Properties Material Properties
Riser "R" 0.175 m Weight of reinforced concrete "γrc" 25 kN/m3
Tread "T" 0.35 m Strength of concrete "fc" 28 N/mm2
width of steps and Landing"B"or bw 1.95 m Strength of steel "fy" 500 N/mm2
Inner radius " Ri" 5.562 m Clear cover to concrete 25 mm
Outer Radius "Ro" = Ri+B 7.512 m Flexure strength reduction factor 0.9
Design of Longitudinal Torsion reinforcement

Al = 482 mm2

Minimum Longitudinal torsion reinforcement

= 0.683

-442 mm2

Required torsion steel = 482 mm2

Provided 2 bars at top edges of dia = 12

Provided 2 bars at bottom edges of dia = 8

Longitudinal torsion steel provided = 327 mm2 < required NOT OK

Tension design of flights

Factored Tension = Nu = 1.2*N = 263.072 kN

Astn =Nu/(Φtfy)= 585 mm2

Astn to be provided on one fac 292.3 mm2

Total Top steel of flight

Ast-top = Ast1+Astn = 3056.35 mm2
Required dia 12 mm 27 Nos at top As required = 3056.3 mm2
Provided dia 12 mm 13 Nos at top As provided= 1469.5 mm2
Total Bottom steel of flight
Asb =Asb1+Astn = 1457 mm2
Required dia 8 mm 29 Nos at bottom As required = 1456.8 mm2
Provided dia 8 mm 13 Nos at bottom As provided= 653.12 mm2