UCET VBU ,

HAZARIBAGH
Technical Description: Computer Mouse

Name – Suman Kumari

Roll – 2006131
Branch – ECE
Email – kumarisuman14032002@gmail.com
 Given By – Dr. Amit Purushottam

TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF A COMPUTER MOUSE

INTRODUCTION

Figure 1. Microsoft ball mouse

A mouse is an external computer hardware device which is designed for the operation of a

computer. The Microsoft Ball mouse is kind of old fashioned. The new generation may not know

how to use and assemble each part of it. This technical description will help to introduce how a

small part of computer plays a magnificent role to run a computer. It also helps learner to know

how each part of this mouse operates.

It is an input pointing device that allows a user to control the motion of a computer cursor and

select objects on the screen by moving and clicking the device. It detects two- dimensional

motion relative to the surface. This two-dimensional motion translated into the pointer motion
on

a display which allows a smooth control of the graphical user interface. With a keyboard key

press and a simple click on the mouse is used to perform specific tasks such as refinancing, the

selection, the route menu, drag and drop, and other unlimited functions. It is basically curved in

shape. Usually, the dimensions of a mouse are 3.44 inch in length and 1.88 inch in height

(Omernecaticora,2015).

The mouse consists of three major parts -

(a)The top casing, containing the right-click cover, the left-click cover and the scroll wheel,

(b) the bottom casing, containing the trackball,

(c) the internal circuit board, containing switch, socket, chip rubber wheel, spring, capacitor and
resistors.
Figure 2. Dimensions of a computer mouse

The Top casing of the Compact Optimal Mouse 500 is an external computer hardware
device. The mouse is white in colour and basically curved in shape. The dimensions of this
mouse are 3.44" (87.4mm) in length and 1.88" (47.8mm) in height.

The optical mouse consists of four parts:

(a) the top casing, containing the right-click cover, the left-click cover and the scroll wheel,
(b) the bottom casing, containing the small sensor,
(c) the internal circuit board, and
(d) the cord and the plug.

Top Casing

Figure 3. Top view of a computer mouse

The top casing of the Compact Optical Mouse 500 is made of hard and curved sheet of plastic

that can protect the inside parts of the mouse. The top casing consists of the right- click cover,
the left-click cover and the scroll wheel. The right-click cover and the left-click cover are

located at the front side on the top casing and it is made of a curved piece of plastic that
protect the inside parts of the mouse. The top casing consists of the right- click cover, the left-
click cover and the scroll wheel. The right-click cover and the left-click cover are located at the
front side on the top casing and it is made of a curved piece of plastic. The left-click cover is a
mirror image of the right-click cover. The scroll wheel is located between the right-click cover
and the left-click cover that can be easily clicking and scroll up and down.

Bottom Casing
The surface of the bottom casing is flat and it is a hard shell of plastic. The bottom casing
consists of a small sensor. The small sensor will detect the mouse movement and can
control the motion of the pointer on the computer screen.

Internal Circuit Board

Figure 4. Typical internal circuit board of a mouse

The internal circuit board is an electronic component made of a copper sheet. It is located
inside the optical mouse and it is protected by the cover of the mouse. When the user makes
a clicking or scrolling the movement, the internal circuit board will collect and translate the
information.

Scrolling

Nearly all mice now have an integrated input primarily intended for scrolling on top, usually a
single-axis digital wheel or rocker switch which can also be depressed to act as a third button.
Though less common, many mice instead have two-axis inputs such as a tiltable
wheel, trackball, or touchpad. Those with a trackball may be designed to stay stationary, using
the trackball instead of moving the mouse.
Buttons

Figure 5. Mouse with Additional buttons

Mouse buttons are micro switches which can be pressed to select or interact with an element of
a graphical user interface, producing a distinctive clicking sound.
Since around the late 1990s, the three-button scroll mouse has become the de facto standard.
Users most commonly employ the second button to invoke a contextual menu in the computer's
software user interface, which contains options specifically tailored to the interface element
over which the mouse cursor currently sits. By default, the primary mouse button sits located on
the left-hand side of the mouse, for the benefit of right-handed users; left-handed users can
usually reverse this configuration via software.

Cord and Plug

Figure 6. Mouse with USB cable

The cord is a wire sealed by plastic sheath that will send the information from the mouse
straight to the computer. The plug is made of plastic and metal and it is located at the end of
the cord. At the end of the plug is rectangle piece made of metal and its function is to
connect the mouse to the computer.

Types of computer mouse –

• Cordless (wireless) • J-Mouse • Optical

• Footmouse • Joystick • Touchpad (glidepoint)

•Intellimouse (wheel mouse) • Mechanical • Trackpoint

Cordless or wireless

Figure 7. An older Microsoft wireless mouse made for notebook computers

Cordless or wireless mice transmit data via radio. Some mice connect to the computer
through Bluetooth or Wi-Fi, while others use a receiver that plugs into the computer, for
example through a USB port.
Many mice that use a USB receiver have a storage compartment for it inside the mouse. Some
"nano receivers" are designed to be small enough to remain plugged into a laptop during
transport, while still being large enough to easily remove.

Speed

Mickeys per second is a unit of measurement for the speed and movement direction of a
computer mouse , where direction is often expressed as "horizontal" versus "vertical" mickey
count. However, speed can also refer to the ratio between how many pixels the cursor moves
on the screen and how far the mouse moves on the mouse pad, which may be expressed
as pixels per mickey, pixels per inch, or pixels per centimeter.
The computer industry often measures mouse sensitivity in terms of counts per inch (CPI),
commonly expressed as dots per inch (DPI) – the number of steps the mouse will report when
it
moves one inch. In early mice, this specification was called pulses per inch (ppi).The mickey
originally referred to one of these counts, or one resolvable step of motion. If the default
mouse-
tracking condition involves moving the cursor by one screen-pixel or dot on-screen per reported
step, then the CPI does equate to DPI: dots of cursor motion per inch of mouse motion. The
CPI or DPI as reported by manufacturers depends on how they make the mouse; the higher the
CPI, the faster the cursor moves with mouse movement. However, software can adjust the
mouse sensitivity, making the cursor move faster or slower than its CPI.
Mechanical mouse

A mechanical mouse is a computer mouse containing a metal or rubber ball on its

under side. When the ball is rolled in any direction, sensors inside the mouse detect the
motion and move the on-screen mouse pointer accordingly. The picture is an example
of the bottom of a mechanical mouse with the ball removed. Today, this mouse has
been replaced by the optical mouse. A mechanical mouse is susceptible to dust
particles and other debris getting on the ball and preventing the mouse from working.

Operating an opto-mechanical mouse

1. Moving the mouse turns the ball.

2. X and Y rollers grip the ball and transfer movement.
3. Optical encoding disks include light holes.
4. Infrared LEDs shine through the disks.
5. Sensors gather light pulses to convert to X and Y

vectors.
 Mechanical mouse, shown with the top cover removed. The scroll wheel is gray, to the right of
the ball.

Optical and laser mouse

An optical mouse is a computer mouse which uses a light source, typically a light-emitting

diode (LED), and a light detector, such as an array of photodiodes, to detect movement relative
to a surface. Variations of the optical mouse have largely replaced the older mechanical
mouse design, which uses moving parts to sense motion.
The earliest optical mice detected movement on pre-printed mousepad surfaces. Modern
optical mice work on most opaque diffusely reflective surfaces like paper, but most of them do
not work properly on specularly reflective surfaces like polished stone or transparent surfaces
like glass. Optical mice that use dark field illumination can function reliably even on such
surfaces.

Early optical mice relied entirely on one or more light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and an imaging
array of photodiodes to detect movement relative to the underlying surface, eschewing the
internal moving parts a mechanical mouse uses in addition to its optics. A laser mouse is an
optical mouse that uses coherent (laser) light.
The earliest optical mice detected movement on pre-printed mousepad surfaces, whereas the
modern LED optical mouse works on most opaque diffuse surfaces; it is usually unable to
detect movement on specular surfaces like polished stone. Laser diodes provide good
resolution and precision, improving performance on opaque specular surfaces. Later, more
surface-independent optical mice use an optoelectronic sensor (essentially, a tiny low-
resolution video camera) to take successive images of the surface on which the mouse
operates. Battery powered, wireless optical mice flash the LED intermittently to save power,
and only glow steadily when movement is detected.

Footmouse

Footmouse is a type of computer mouse that lets a user control the mouse cursor with their
feet. Using a footmouse, the user can keep their hands on the keyboard and still be able to use
a mouse. An example of a company who develops this is Hunter Digital.

J-Mouse

Alternatively referred to as a JMouse or J Mouse, a J-Mouse was used with older

portable computers. It utilized the "J" key on the keyboard to perform the functions
of a standard computer mouse. It commonly had two separate buttons for the left
and right-click below the spacebar. As seen in the picture, the Zenith or ZDS Z-
Star EX keyboard J-Mouse is uniquely identified with a picture of a mouse and an
indented circle. It can be identified visually and physically from the other keys on
the keyboard.

Conclusion

The Compact Optical Mouse 500 is a simple device that is useful and interacting with the
computer. It is smooth and accurate performance. It is also easy to use and set up because
no software to install and no feature setup required.