THERMODYNAMICS

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INTRODUCTION AND CONVERSION OF UNITS

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ENGR. ALBERT JULIAN M. BARJOSE

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

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WESTERN MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY
Copyright © by Western Mindanao State University
All rights reserved. Published (Year)
Printed in the Philippines
ISBN 978-971-0487-42-4
No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed
in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or
retrieval system, without prior written permission of
WESTERN MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION TO THERMODYNAMICS ............................................................................. 4

DEFINITION .............................................................................................................................. 4
OBJECTIVES: ............................................................................................................................ 4
TOPIC OUTLINE: ...................................................................................................................... 4
BASIC UNITS OF MEASUREMENT USED IN THERMODYNAMICS ................................... 6
SAMPLE CONVERSION: ......................................................................................................... 9
COMMON TERMINOLOGIES USED IN THERMODYNAMICS ........................................... 10
ASSIGNED PROBLEM SOLVING ACTIVITY ..........................................................................11

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 INTRODUCTION TO THERMODYNAMICS

DEFINITION

Thermodynamics is the study of energy transformations and the relationships among the physical
properties of substances which are affected by those transformations.

OBJECTIVES:

At the end of this MODULE, YOU can:

1. Define the meaning Thermodynamics.

2. Get to know the basic units of measurement used in Thermodynamics.
3. Convert units of measurement from the Metric system to the British/English system and vice
versa.
4. Use the conversion of units in solving different introductory problems.

TOPIC OUTLINE:

I. Introduction to Thermodynamics
II. Basic Units of Measurement used in Thermodynamics
III. Common Terminologies Used in Thermodynamics
IV. Conversion of Units of Measurements
V. Practice Problems

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 Try This!

Consider the problems below. These are some of the things that you shall learn all throughout
this course. Try to research in advance and answer the questions being asked.

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 BASIC UNITS OF MEASUREMENT USED IN THERMODYNAMICS

Read and memorize these units of measurement and their conversion factor

LINEAR:
1 STATUTE MILE =5280 feet
=1760 yards
1 NAUTICAL MILE = 6080 feet
1 LEAGUE =3 NAUTICAL MILES
=18240 feet
1 YARD =3 feet
=0.9144 meters
1 METER =100 cm
=1000 mm
=3.28 feet
=1.093 yard
1 FOOT =12 inches
1 INCH = 2.54 cm
=25.4 mm
1 ROD =5.5 yards
=16.5 feet
1 FURLONG =40 rods
=220 yards
1 CABLE LENGTH =720 feet
1 FATHOM =6 feet
1 SPAN =9 inches
1 VARA =33.33 inches
1 MIL =0.001 inch

AREA:
1 HECTARE (ha) =10,000 sq. m
=11960 sq. yards
1 ACRE =43560 sq. yards
=4046.8 sq, m
=0.4047 hectare
1 SQUARE METER =10.76 sq. feet
=1.195 sq. yard

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VOLUME:

1 QUART =2 pints
1 US GALLON =231 cu. inches
=3.7854 liters
=4 quarts
1 BRITISH GALLON =277.42 cu inches
1 CU. METER =1000 liters
=35.31 cu. Feet
=264.2 US gallon
1 CU. FEET =7.48 US gallon
=28.32 liters
=1728 cu. Inch
1 GANTA =3 liters
=8 chupas
1 CAVAN =25 gantas

ANGLE:
60 DEGREES =2𝝅 radians
=400 grads
=6400 mils
= 1 rev
90 DEG =100 grad
1 DEG = 60 min
1 MIN =60 sec

MASS AND WEIGHT:

1 TON =2000 pounds (lbs)

1 LONG TON =2240 lbs
1 METRIC TON =1000 kg
=2200 pounds
1 POUND =16 ounces
1 KIP =1000 lbs
1 KG =2.205 lbs
1 KGF =9.81 Newtons
1 NEWTON =0.1019 kg
=0.0459 lbs
1 POUND (lb) =0.453592 kg
=0.138255 N

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WORK & ENERGY
1 BTU =778 ft-lb
=252 cal
=.252 kcal
=1.055 kJ
1 KCAL =4.187 kJ
1 CAL =4.187 Joule
1 ERG =1 Dyne-cm
=𝟏𝟎−𝟕 Joule
1 JOULE =1 N-m
1 KJ =1000 Joule
1 Centigrade Heat Unit (CHU) =1.9004 kJ = 1.8013 BTU

POWER:
1 HORSEPOWER =550 ft-lb/sec
=33,000 ft-lb/min
=2545 Btu/hr
=42.4 Btu/min
=0.746 kw
=746 watts
=1.014 MHP
1 KW =3413 Btu/hr
=1 kJ/sec
1 WATT =1 J/sec
1 Metric Horsepower (MHP) =0.736 kw
1 BOILER HP =33480 Btu/hr
=35322 kJ/hr

PRESSURE:

1 Atmosphere (ATM) =101.324 kPa

=14.7 psi
=760 mm Hg
=29.92 in Hg
=1.033 𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐
1 BAR =100 kPa
1 Pa =1 N/𝒎𝟐
1 kPa =1 kN/𝒎𝟐
=1000 Pa

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SAMPLE CONVERSION:

 Convert 25 𝑘𝑃𝑎 to 𝑝𝑠𝑖

14.7 𝑝𝑠𝑖
25 𝑘𝑃𝑎 𝑥 = 3.6269 𝑝𝑠𝑖
101.325 𝑘𝑃𝑎
 Convert 365 𝑚2 to 𝑓𝑡 2
2
(3.28 𝑓𝑡)2
365 𝑚 𝑥 = 3926.816 𝑓𝑡 2
(1 𝑚)2
 Convert 2713 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠 to 𝑘𝑚
1.6 𝑘𝑚
2713 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑥 = 4340.8 𝑘𝑚
1 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒

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 COMMON TERMINOLOGIES USED IN THERMODYNAMICS

Read and Ponder!

These are some of the terminologies used in thermodynamics:

1. Fluid – A substance that exists, or is regarded as existing, as a continuum characterized by

low resistance to flow and the tendency to assume the shape of its container.

2. Pure substance – is one that is homogenous in composition and homogenous and invariable
in chemical aggregation. Example: water

3. System – is that portion of the universe, an atom, a galaxy, a certain quantity of matter or a
certain volume in space that one wishes to study. It is a region enclose by specified
boundaries.

4. Surroundings – (or environment) is the region all around the sytem.

5. Closed system – is one in which there is no exchange of matter with the surroundings –
mass does not cross its boundaries.

6. Open system – is one in which there is flow of mass within its boundaries.

7. Isolated system – is one that is completely impervious to its surroundings – neither mass nor
energy cross its boundaries.

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 See if you can do this!

ASSIGNED PROBLEM SOLVING ACTIVITY

SOLVE AND PASS THE FOLLOWING ON OR BEFORE WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 7,

2020 AT 8:00 PM. (SHOW YOUR SOLUTIONS)

1. Convert 50 kg to lbs.

2. Convert 136 KPa to psi.

3. Convert 897 horsepower to watts

4. Convert 754 joules to ft-lb

5. Convert 1500 psi to KPa

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6. Convert 1950 psi to mm Hg

7. Convert 2000 sq. m to sq. in.

8. Convert 754 cal to ft-lb. (use 778 ft-lb = 252 cal)

9. Convert 520 statute miles to ft.

10. Convert 4560 bar to 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2

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