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Long Slides - Effective - Dynamics - and - Instabilities - of - Black - Holes - Large - D - Expansion-Teixidó Bonfill, Adam
Long Slides - Effective - Dynamics - and - Instabilities - of - Black - Holes - Large - D - Expansion-Teixidó Bonfill, Adam
Long Slides - Effective - Dynamics - and - Instabilities - of - Black - Holes - Large - D - Expansion-Teixidó Bonfill, Adam
1/D expansion
Master’s Dissertation
1 Introduction
4 Conclusions
Introduction Effective dynamics of black p-branes Simulation of the black string instabilities Conclusions
1 Outline |2
1 Introduction
4 Conclusions
Introduction Effective dynamics of black p-branes Simulation of the black string instabilities Conclusions
1 Motivation |3
Introduction Effective dynamics of black p-branes Simulation of the black string instabilities Conclusions
1 Motivation |4
Introduction Effective dynamics of black p-branes Simulation of the black string instabilities Conclusions
1 Motivation |5
Introduction Effective dynamics of black p-branes Simulation of the black string instabilities Conclusions
1 Motivation |6
Introduction Effective dynamics of black p-branes Simulation of the black string instabilities Conclusions
1 Gravity in D > 4 |7
1 Roberto Emparan and Harvey S. Reall. “Black Holes in Higher Dimensions”. In:
Figure: Spatial 3D slices of the horizons of the simpler p-branes (p = 0 and p = 1).
Gregory-Laflamme instability2 :
Uniform black strings are
unstable in general and their final
fate is difficult to determine.
2 Ruth Gregory and Raymond Laflamme. “Black strings and p-branes are unstable”.
1 Introduction
4 Conclusions
Introduction Effective dynamics of black p-branes Simulation of the black string instabilities Conclusions
2 Effective dynamics at order 1/D | 12
Objective:
Deduce the effective dynamics of deformations of uniform p-branes at
large D found in5 .
From now on, we will consider that p-branes have worldvolume directions
σ µ = (t, σ a ), a = 1, . . . , p. (1)
5 Roberto Emparan, Ryotaku Suzuki, and Kentaro Tanabe. “Evolution and End Point
of the Black String Instability: Large D Solution”. In: Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 (9 2015),
p. 091102.
Introduction Effective dynamics of black p-branes Simulation of the black string instabilities Conclusions
2 Effective dynamics deduction | 13
Deduction
I Metric ansatz (inspired from the boosted uniform p-brane metric),
n ≡ D − p − 3,
2 1
ds2 = − Adt2 − Ca dσ a dt + Gab dσ a dσ b
n n
ua a
(2)
− 2 ut dt + dσ dr + r2 dΩn+1 .
n
I Solve Einstein’s equations in vacuum
Introduction Effective dynamics of black p-branes Simulation of the black string instabilities Conclusions
2 Effective dynamics deduction | 14
Deduction
I Metric ansatz (inspired from the boosted uniform p-brane metric),
n ≡ D − p − 3,
2 1
ds2 = − Adt2 − Ca dσ a dt + Gab dσ a dσ b
n n
ua a
(3)
− 2 ut dt + dσ dr + r2 dΩn+1 .
n
I Solve Einstein’s equations in vacuum
> Spherical reduction (radial symmetry).
> Expand the ansatz metric coefficients in powers of 1/n ∼ 1/D.
> Solve Einstein’s equations at leading and next to leading order in
1/n ∼ 1/D.
Introduction Effective dynamics of black p-branes Simulation of the black string instabilities Conclusions
2 Result: Effective dynamics’ equations | 15
Variables
I m(σ µ ): Indicates the radial position of the horizon and the energy
density of the p-brane.
I pa (σ µ ): Indicates the momentum density in the direction a of the
p-brane.
∂t m − ∂b ∂ b m = −∂b pb , (4)
pa pb
b
∂t pa − ∂b ∂ pa = ∂a m − ∂b . (5)
m
They are continuity equations for m and pa .
Introduction Effective dynamics of black p-branes Simulation of the black string instabilities Conclusions
2 Effective dynamics checks | 16
Introduction Effective dynamics of black p-branes Simulation of the black string instabilities Conclusions
2 Effective dynamics checks | 17
=⇒ ω± = i(±k − k 2 ) . (7)
Unstable modes! (k < 1 =⇒ −iω+ > 0)
Introduction Effective dynamics of black p-branes Simulation of the black string instabilities Conclusions
2 Effective dynamics checks | 18
=⇒ ω± = i(±k − k 2 ) . (9)
Unstable modes! (k < 1 =⇒ −iω+ > 0)
(m0 )2
m00 + m − = constant , p00 = m0 . (10)
m
Introduction Effective dynamics of black p-branes Simulation of the black string instabilities Conclusions
3 Outline | 19
1 Introduction
4 Conclusions
Introduction Effective dynamics of black p-branes Simulation of the black string instabilities Conclusions
3 Simulation of the black string instabilities | 20
Objective:
Use the equations of the effective dynamics to reproduce the
simulations and analysis of the instabilities of black strings done in6 .
p2 (t, z)
2
∂t p(t, z) − ∂z p(t, z) = ∂z m(t, z) − , (12)
m(t, z)
with a quick execution of Mathematica’s NDSolve.
6 Emparan, Suzuki, and Tanabe, “Evolution and End Point of the Black String
Initial condition
We perturb slightly a uniform black string,
Introduction Effective dynamics of black p-branes Simulation of the black string instabilities Conclusions
3 Set-up for the simulation of black string instabilities | 22
Initial condition
We perturb slightly a uniform black string,
Introduction Effective dynamics of black p-branes Simulation of the black string instabilities Conclusions
3 Thick black string: kL > 1 (no unstable modes possible) | 23
Figure: Evolution of a perturbed string with kL = 1.5. The vertical axis m(t, z) corresponds to the
energy density. The initial perturbation decays and the black string becomes uniform.
Introduction Effective dynamics of black p-branes Simulation of the black string instabilities Conclusions
3 Black string with an unstable mode: 0.5 < kL < 1 | 24
Figure: Evolution of a perturbed string with kL = 0.7. The initial perturbation grows and eventually
the string reaches a stable configuration. A blob is formed, independently of the initial perturbation.
Introduction Effective dynamics of black p-branes Simulation of the black string instabilities Conclusions
3 Formation of a Gaussian-like blob | 25
Figure: Large static blob developed in the black string of kL = 0.7 (solid line), versus the Gaussian
that approximates it (16) (dashed line). Note that the vertical axis is logarithmic.
7 Roberto Emparan et al. Effective theory of Black Holes in the 1/D expansion. 2015.
arXiv: 1504.06489 [hep-th]; Ryotaku Suzuki and Kentaro Tanabe. “Non-uniform black
strings and the critical dimension in the 1/D expansion”. In: Journal of High Energy
Physics 2015.10 (2015).
Introduction Effective dynamics of black p-branes Simulation of the black string instabilities Conclusions
3 Thin black string with multiple unstable modes: kL < 0.5 | 26
Figure: Evolution of a string of kL = 0.4 with two initial Gaussian perturbations to m. The two
initial perturbations grow, but eventually their mutual attraction makes them merge into a single
static blob.
Introduction Effective dynamics of black p-branes Simulation of the black string instabilities Conclusions
4 Outline | 27
1 Introduction
4 Conclusions
Introduction Effective dynamics of black p-branes Simulation of the black string instabilities Conclusions
4 Conclusions | 28
8 Tomás Andrade et al. “Cosmic censorship violation in black hole collisions in higher
dimensions”. In: Journal of High Energy Physics 2019.4 (2019); Tomás Andrade et al.
“Black hole collisions, instabilities, and cosmic censorship violation at large D”. In:
Journal of High Energy Physics 2019.9 (2019).
Introduction Effective dynamics of black p-branes Simulation of the black string instabilities Conclusions
Thank you for your attention