Lesson 1: Common Citations

Importance of citing sources

 It gives credit to the authors of the sources you
used
 It provides your reader with more information
about your sources
 It shows your credibility
 It is a proof of having done extensive research
on relevant resource materials
 It prevents plagiarism
Citation Styles
1. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
(IEEE)
- A numbered referencing style that uses citation
numbers in the text of the paper, provided in 2. American Medical Association Citation (AMA)
square brackets.
- Medicine, Health and Natural Sciences.
- Electronics, engineering, telecommunications,
- Book Citation: Author Surname First Initial. Book
computer science, and information technology
title. Location: Publisher name; date of publication.
sports.
- E-Book/Online Citation: Author Surname First
3 parts:
Initial. Chapter Title. In: Editors. Title of the E-book.
1st- Author’s name listed as first initial of first name, Based on: [details relating to the edition or above].
then full last Edition. Location: Name of publisher; date of
publication. URL. Date Accessed.
2nd- Title of article, patent, conference paper, etc.,
in quotation marks Examples of AMA citations

3rd- Title of journal or book in italics

Examples of IEEE citations
 3. American Psychological Association (APA)
- Psychology, Education, Hotel and Restaurant
Management, Business, Economics, other social
sciences.
Information needed for APA citation
- Author’s Name
- Title of the material
- Publication details (Date, publishing company and
place)
Guidelines for using APA style
Listing Arrange the list alphabetically by the
author’s surname, follow by his/her
initials
One author, For Several works written by the same
several works author, arrange the year of publication
starting with the most recent.
Several If a publication has more than 7 authors,
authors, one list the first 6 authors followed by an
publication ellipsis (..), then the last author name
without using the customary ampersand 4. Modern Language Association (MLA)
(&).
- Literary research, Humanities field, communication,
Spacing Double space all entries
philosophy, religion, theatre, literature.
Capitalization Capitalize proper names and the first
word in each title, and the first word after Guidelines for using MLA style
a colon or dash.
Indentation Use hanging indent- flush left margin for Listing Author’s surnames appear first
the first line, then indent the second and One author, Alphabetize the works and use three
succeeding lines several works hyphens to signify the author’s name for
every work after the first.
Examples of APA formats Several Use the surname of the first author then
authors, one continue listing the rest of the author’s
publication names.
Spacing Double space the works cited list
Capitalization Each word except conjunctions (and, by)
and articles (an, an, the) should be
capitalized.
Indentation Use hanging indent where the first line of
each entry is flush left; succeeding lines
are indented one-half inch.

Examples of MLA formats


Lesson 2: Writing A Critique
Reaction Paper, Review and Critique
E-VALUE-ATION
- Definitive judgments or detailed analysis
- Like a journal entry
- Value
 Reaction paper – For elementary pupil opinion
 Review – For hs students opinion and facts are
combined
 Critique – SHS/College students facts &
opinions are integrated with significant ideas.
Critique
Analyze - Break into parts and examine the components
Interpret - Offer possible meanings
Guidelines for writing a Critique
-Be thoroughly familiar with the material (event,
program, movie, occasion, etc) that you are writing
about.
-Be observant and record significant details in relation
to the material being reviewed.
- Give enough proof to validate what you are writing
about.
-Make sure your critique is a BEA critique.
Balanced Evaluative Accurate
-Use appropriate critical approach
-Critical approach – answers the question: What
principle did the writer of the critique use?
Critical approaches in writing
1. Formalist Approach
-The most basic approach
-Relies on the formal elements affecting the
situation
-Include discussion of the event, place or thing
in relation to its structure, message or theme.
-examines the form of the work as a whole
-example: analyzing the individual scenes and
chapters, the characters, the settings, the tone,
the point of view, the diction, and all other
elements of the text which join to make it a
single text.
2. Historical Approach
-It recognizes that the social and cultural
environments have tremendous effect on
events and situation
-Consider the time, social milieu, political
climate and socio-political context in relation to
the material you are writing about
3. Reader-response approach
-Reader’s own interpretation of the
text/material
-Based on the premise that the text/material is
not complete until the readers have interacted
with it
4. Gender or feminist approach
-Concerns itself with how the
event/phenomenon/material is perceived from
a viewpoint that assumes that men and women
have sex-ascribed roles in the society.
5. Biographical Approach
-Is premised on the fact that the author’s life
has a significant bearing on how the
work/material is written/prepared and how it
will take shape.
Parts of a critique
1. Introduction
-Introduce author and title of
work/product/company, etc.
-Provide author’s main point
-State your overall evaluation of the
work/product
-Add background information for the reader
2. Summary
-Entire work or section of it
-Written objectively to relate:
✓Author’s overall point
✓Support provided for the overall point
-Goal of a summary
 ✓Provides author’s thesis and main point -Was anything done exceptionally well? If so, what?
untainted by opinion Some organizing questions to get you started….

3. Evaluation -Was anything done exceptionally badly? If so, what?

-Accuracy of information -What could have been done better? Are there any
particular improvements you would have suggested?
-Definition of key terms
-For book reviews, consider the writing. Was the book
-Hidden assumptions well organized? Were the sentences easy to follow and
to understand? Some organizing questions to get you
-Clarity of language
started….
-Fairness
-For movie reviews, consider people other than the
-Logic and organization director and actors who may have contributed to the
film. In particular, think about costume designers,
-Common fallacies like name-calling, hasty screenwriters, music directors, and cinematographers.
generalization, oversimplification, emotional language, Some organizing questions to get you started….
bandwagon appeal
-For reviews of plays and other performances, consider
4. Response people other than the director and actor who may have
-Where do I agree or disagree? contributed to the performance. In particular, think
about costume designers, set designers (and builders!),
-What does the author get right or wrong? playwrights, music directors, and lighting directors.
-What ultimate merit does this work have?
-Would I recommend this work?
-Remember to consider your response section a
MINIATURE ESSAY.
-The main point in the response section should support
the opinion expresses in your thesis.
5. Conclusion
-Remind audience of overall importance of topic
-Combine your rating with personal response on overall
strengths and weaknesses.
-State what you believe is the ultimate success of the
work
Some organizing questions to get you started
-What kind of work is it, and who is its intended
audience?
-What was the work about? Consider including a brief
summary of the plots or the events described.
-What seems to be the author's main purpose? To offer
advice, make practical suggestions, solve a specific
problem? To critique? To establish the truth? Some
organizing questions to get you started….
-What is the principal point, conclusion, thesis,
contention, or question?
-What patterns or categories does the work use to
divide up the subject matter being discussed?
-What is new, different, or controversial about the work
in terms of the course text? -How does the work fit into
its genre? In other words, how does it measure up to
similar books/movies/performances/etc?
-Did the author do anything innovative or creative? If
so, what?