GMR Institute of Technology

Rajam, Andhra Pradesh

(An Autonomous Institution Affiliated to JNTUK, AP)

Department of Chemical Engineering

th
Class 8 Sem. - B.Tech
Course Transport Phenomena Course Code 16CH802
16CH
Prepared by Dr. Shaik Shadulla, Assistant Professor
Lecture Topic Newton’s law of viscosity (molecular momentum transport)
Course Outcome CCHEM802
802.1 Program Outcome PO1,PO2,PO13
Duration 50 min Lecture 1 of 60 Unit I
REMEMBER UNDERSTAND APPLY ANALYSE EVALUATE CREATE
Learning Level
(Tick whichever is applicable) √ √

1. Objectives
a. To understand the principles of molecular momentum transport.
b. To understand the basic law for Newton’s law of viscosity.

2. Topic Learning Outcomes

After the completion of the class the students will able to
a. Appreciate the Course importance in his professional career
b. To know the basic law for momentum transfer and that is applicable to velocity
profile derivations.

3. 2D Mapping of ILOs with Knowledge Dimension and Cognitive Learning Levels of

RBT

Cognitive Learning Levels (2D)

Knowledge
Remember Understand Apply Analyse Evaluate Create
Dimension (1D)
Factual
Conceptual A
Procedural
Meta Cognitive

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4. Teaching Methodology

Chalk &Talkand Visual Presentation(ppt)

5. Applications
a. The learner can understand how the transport laws applicable to computational fluid
dynamics software
6. Evocation

7. Discussion

1. Newton’s law of Viscosity:

Consider a fluid (either a gas or a liquid) present in b/w two plates, which is separated by
distance” y”.
Initially at rest, (t=0), lower plate is set in motion in x-direction at t=0 at constant velocity, V.
Time proceeds, the fluid gains momentum finally steady state velocity profile is established.
A constant force F is required to maintain the motion of lower plate.
The force F is expressed as F/A = µ (V/Y).
The F/A is proportional to velocity decrease in the diameter, the constant of proportionality,
µ is the viscosity of fluid. The shear stress exerted in the x-direction on a fluid surface of
constant “y” by the fluid in the region of lesser y is designated as τyx, and the x-component
of the fluid velocity vector is designated as Vx . Note VX ≠ ∂V/∂X.
F/A = -µ (0-V/Y-0).
F/A = µ (V/Y) is rewritten as
τyx = -µ (dVX/dY)
This is known as Newton’s law of viscosity. Fluids behave in this fashion are termed as
Newtonian fluids.
If not, non-Newtonian fluids. Eg: pastes, slurries etc.Here, kinematic viscosity is γ=µ/ρ
(units are cm2/sec).

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Example problem 1:: Calculation of momentum flux:
Study state momentum flux, τyx when the lower plate velocity V is 1 ft/sec in the +ve
direction, the plate separation Y is 0.001 ft and the fluid viscosity µ is 0.7 cp.
Solution: 1 cp= 1.46X10-55 (lbf/ft2) ssec.
Velocity profile is linear, dVX/dY = ∆VX/∆Y.
dVX/dY=-1000/sec.
τyx = -µ (dVX/dY)= -(1.46X10
(1.46X10-2)lbf/ft2

8. Mind Map

Fig. 4:: Mind map of Newton’s law of viscosity

9. Reading Materials

1. Bird, R. Byron, Warren E. Stewart, and Edwin N. Lightfoot. Transport phenomena.

phenomena Vol. 1.
John Wiley & Sons, 2006.

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10. Questions

Remember
1. What is momentum?
2. Give any two examples for momentum transfer in flow of fluids?

Understanding
1. Name important courses in Chemical engineering?
2. Define Newton’s law of viscosity?

11. Key words

 Viscosity
 Momentum

12. Scope for Mini Project --------

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