Saturday 2

The Education System

Focal Points: Policies and Objectives

 Dear Lord, we thank you for this semester

Prayer Thank you for this new gift of learning
We meet new friends online
We acquire new learning from our professors
We welcome all these readings, written tasks,
and class discussions
We look forward to these new challenges that
strengthen our inner character.
In You, Lord, we rest our hope of becoming
effective school administrators.

 Policies and Objectives of Schools: Legal Bases

Manual of Regulations for Private Higher Education of 2008

1987 Philippine Constitution

Republic Act No. 7720. “Higher Education Act of 1994”

BP Blg. 32. “Education Act of 1982”

DepEd Order No. 88 s. 2010. “2010 Revised Manual of Regulations for Private Schools in
Basic Education

DepEd Order No. 021 s. 2019 “Policy Guidelines on the K to 12 Basic Education Program”

Republic Act No. 10533 “Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013”

Policies
 Article 1. General Policy and Application
MORPHE of 2008

Section 4. Application and Construction. The provisions of this

Manual shall be applied in order to attain the purposes of higher
education, to get meaning to academic freedom, to institute
reasonable supervision and regulation, and to accelerate the
development of higher education institutions. All doubts in the
implementation and interpretation of the provisions of this Manual
shall be resolved in favor of the higher education institution.

 Article 1. General Policy and Application

MORPHE of 2008

In all matters affecting the welfare of the student, all doubts in the
implementation and interpretation of the provisions of this Manual,
shall be resolved in favor of the student.

In all matters affecting the welfare of teaching and non-teaching

personnel, all doubts in the implementation and interpretation of the
provisions of this Manual, shall be resolved in favor of the personnel.

 Article 1. Formal Education

MORPHE of 2008

Section 2. Policy. It is the policy of the State to establish, maintain

and support a complete, adequate and integrated system of
education relevant to the needs of the people and society. Towards
this end, the government shall ensure, within the context of a free
and democratic system, maximum contribution of the educational
system to the attainment of the goals of national development.

 The Higher Education System

Article 11. Formal Education
MORPHE of 2008

Section 6. Policy. The State recognizes and adopts formal education as its main
instrument to attain national educational goals and objectives. It has two equally
important sub-systems: the private school system and the public school system.

The State recognizes the complementary roles of public and private institutions
in the educational system and shall exercise reasonable supervision and
regulation of all higher education institutions.

 Sections 2 (1) and Section 4 (1), Article XlV of the 1987

Constitution

Section 2. The State shall:

(1) Establish, maintain, and support a complete, adequate, and integrated

system of education relevant to the needs of the people and society;

Section 4. (1) The State recognizes the complementary roles of public

and private institutions in the educational system and shall exercise
reasonable supervision and regulation of all educational institutions.

 R.A. No. 7720 “Higher Education Act of 1994”

Section 2. Declaration of Policy. - The State shall protect, foster and promote the right of all
citizens to affordable quality education at all levels and shall take appropriate steps to ensure
that education shall be accessible to all. The State shall likewise ensure and protect academic
freedom and shall promote its exercise and observance for the continuing intellectual growth,
the advancement of learning and research, the development of responsible and effective
leadership, the education of high-level and middle-level professionals, and the enrichment of
our historical and cultural heritage.

State-supported institutions of higher learning shall gear their programs to national, regional
or local development plans. Finally, all institutions of higher learning shall exemplify through
their physical and natural surroundings the dignity and beauty of, as well as their pride in, the
intellectual and scholarly life.

 BP Blg. 232 “Education Act of 1982”

Section 3. Declaration of Basic Policy - It is the policy of the State to

established and maintain a complete, adequate and integrated system of
education relevant to the goals of national development. Toward this
end, the government shall ensure, within the context of a free and
democratic system, maximum contribution of the educational system to
the attainment of the following national developmental goals:

 BP Blg. 232 “Education Act of 1982”

1.To achieve and maintain an accelerating rate of economic development and

social progress;

2. To ensure the maximum participation of all the people in the attainment

and enjoyment of the bene ts of such growth; and

3. To achieve and strengthen national unity and consciousness and preserve,

develop and promote desirable cultural, moral and spiritual values in a
changing world.

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 BP Blg. 232 “Education Act of 1982”

The State shall promote the right of every individual to relevant quality education,
regardless of sex, age, creed, socio-economic status, physical and mental conditions, racial
or ethnic origin, political or other af liation.

The State shall therefore promote and maintain equality of access to education as well as
the enjoyment of the bene ts of education by all its citizens.

The state shall promote the right of the nation's cultural communities in the exercise of their
right to develop themselves within the context of their cultures, customs, traditions, interest
and belief, and recognizes education as an instrument for their maximum participation in
national development and in ensuring their involvement in achieving national unity.
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 DepEd No. 88 s. 2010 “Revised Manual of Regulations for

Private Schools in Basic Education”

Section 4. Fundamental State Policies on Education. The following are the

fundamental state policies relevant to private schools in basic education:

1. Education For All (EFA). The State shall protect and promote the right of all
citizens to quality education at all levels and shall take appropriate steps to
make such education accessible to all.
2. Complete Adequate and Integrated System of Education. The State shall
establish, maintain and support a complete, adequate and integrated
system of education relevant to the needs of the people and society.

 DepEd No. 88 s. 2010 “Revised Manual of Regulations for

Private Schools in Basic Education”
3. Scholarship Grants, Student Loan Programs, Subsidies. The State shall establish and
maintain a system of scholarship grants, student loan programs, subsidies and other
incentives which shall be available to deserving students in both public and private
schools especially to the underprivileged.

4. Alternate Learning Systems. The State shall encourage non-formal, informal, and
indigenous learning systems as well as self-learning, independent, and out-of-school
study programs particularly those that respond to community needs. The State shall
provide adult citizens the disable and out-of-school youth with training in civics,
vocational ef ciency and other skills.
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 DepEd No. 88 s. 2010 “Revised Manual of Regulations for

Private Schools in Basic Education”
5. Constitution as Part of Curricula. All educational institutions shall include the study of
the Constitution as part of the curricula.

6. Inculcating Patriotism, Nationalism and Other Values. Educational institutions shall

inculcate patriotism and nationalism, foster love of humanity, respect for human rights,
appreciations of the role of national heroes in the historical development of the
country, teach the rights and duties of citizenship, strengthen ethical and spiritual
values, develop moral character and personal discipline, encourage critical and creative
thinking, broaden scienti c and technological knowledge and promote vocational
ef ciency.
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 R.A. No. 10533 “Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013”

SEC. 2. Declaration of Policy. — The State shall establish, maintain and support a complete,
adequate, and integrated system of education relevant to the needs of the people, the country and
society-at-large.

Likewise, it is hereby declared the policy of the State that every graduate of basic education shall
be an empowered individual who has learned, through a program that is rooted on sound
educational principles and geared towards excellence, the foundations for learning throughout life,
the competence to engage in work and be productive, the ability to coexist in fruitful harmony with
local and global communities, the capability to engage in autonomous, creative, and critical
thinking, and the capacity and willingness to transform others and one’s self.

Objectives
 Article 11. Formal Education
MORPHE of 2008

Section 7. Objectives. Higher education shall have the following

objectives:

1. To provide a general education program that will assist each

individual to develop his/her potential as a human being, enhance the
quality of citizen participation in the basic functions of society, and
promote in each student a sense of national identity and spiritual vigor.

 Article 11. Formal Education

MORPHE of 2008

2. To train the nation’s human resources in the required skills for

national development, and to instill and foster the appropriate and
relevant attitudes, skills and knowledge to enable each individual to
become a useful, productive, globally competitive, and gainfully
employed member of the society.

 Article 11. Formal Education

MORPHE of 2008

3. To develop and maintain the integrity of the professions and

disciplines that will provide leadership for the nation.

4. To advance the frontiers of knowledge through research work,

and apply the technology gained for improving the quality of human
life and responding effectively to changing societal needs and
conditions.

 BP Blg. 232 “Education Act of 1982”

Section 4. Declaration of Objectives - The educational system aim to:

1. Provide for a broad general education that will assist each individuals in the
peculiar ecology of his own society, to
(a) attain his potentials as a human being;
(b) enhance the range and quality of individual and group participation in the
basic functions of society; and
(c) acquire the essential educational foundation of his development into a
productive and versatile citizen;

 BP Blg. 232 “Education Act of 1982”

2. Train the nation's manpower in the middle-level skills

for national development;

3. Develop the profession that will provide leadership for

the nation in the advancement of knowledge for improving
the quality of human life; and

 BP Blg. 232 “Education Act of 1982”

4. Respond effectively to changing needs and conditions of the nation through a system of
educational planning and evaluation.

Towards the realization of these objectives, and pursuant to the Constitution, all educational
institutions shall aim to inculcate love of country, teach the duties of citizenship, and develop moral
character, personal discipline, and scientific, technological, and vocational efficiency.

Furthermore, the educational system shall reach out to educationally deprived communities, in order
to give meaningful reality to their membership in the national society, to enrich their civic
participation in the community and national life, and to unify all Filipinos into a free and just nation..

 DepEd No. 88 s. 2010 “Revised Manual of Regulations for

Private Schools in Basic Education”

Section 10.1.1. Focus of the Curriculum. The Early

Childhood Education (ECE) Learning Areas include
activities that develop in each child communication
skills in English and Filipino, numeracy skills, sensory
perceptual skills, socio-emotional skills, motor and
creative skills.
 DepEd No. 88 s. 2010 “Revised Manual of Regulations for
Private Schools in Basic Education”

Section 10.2. Elementary Education. Objectives. For the

purpose of realizing the potentials of each and every
pupil in the formal education system, the following
objectives of elementary education should be realized:
 DepEd No. 88 s. 2010 “Revised Manual of Regulations for
Private Schools in Basic Education”

A. To provide knowledge and develop the skills, attitudes and values

essential to personal development and necessary for living in, and
contributing to, a developing and changing social milieu;

B. To provide learning experiences which shall increase the learner’s

awareness of, and responsiveness to, the changes and demands of
society and prepare him/her for constructive and effective
involvement;

 DepEd No. 88 s. 2010 “Revised Manual of Regulations for

Private Schools in Basic Education”

C. To promote and intensify the learner’s knowledge of

identi cation with, and love for the nation and the people to
which he/she belongs; and

D. To promote experiences which develop the learner’s

orientation to the world of work and creativity and prepare
himself/herself to engage in honest and painful work.
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 DepEd No. 21 s. 2019 “Policy Guidelines on the K to 12

Education Program”

Secondary Education. Objectives shall be as follows:

a. To continue to promote the objectives of elementary
education; and

B. To discover and enhance the different attitudes and interests

of the students so as to equip him with skills for productive
endeavor and/or prepare him for tertiary schooling.

 R.A. No. 10533 “Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013”

SEC. 2. Declaration of Policy. — xxx For this purpose, the State shall create a functional basic education system that will
develop productive and responsible citizens equipped with the essential competencies, skills and values for both life-long
learning and employment. In order to achieve this, the State shall:

(a) Give every student an opportunity to receive quality education that is globally competitive based on a pedagogically sound
curriculum that is at par with international standards;

(b) Broaden the goals of high school education for college preparation, vocational and technical career opportunities as well
as creative arts, sports and entrepreneurial employment in a rapidly changing and increasingly globalized environment; and

(c) Make education learner-oriented and responsive to the needs, cognitive and cultural capacity, the circumstances and
diversity of learners, schools and communities through the appropriate languages of teaching and learning, including mother
tongue as a learning resource.

 References on Regulatory Bodies: Phases of Operation

Manual of Regulations for Private Higher Education of 2008

Republic Act No. 7720 “Higher Education Act of 1994”

DepEd Order No. 88 s. 2010. “2010 Revised Manual of Regulations for

Private Schools in Basic Education

DepEd Order No. 021 s. 2019 “Policy Guidelines on the K to 12 Basic

Education Program”

Republic Act No. 10533 “Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013”

-End of Session-