rpkd B - fldgi

1) jia;=jl uq¿ ialkaOhu l%shdlrkakdfia i,lk ;ks ,laIHh ialkaO flakaøh f,i y÷kajhs' jia;=j u; ;ks
n,hla muKla l%shdlrkafkao" tu n,fhys l%shd f¾Ldj jia;=fjys ialkaO flakaøh yryd .uka lrkafka
kï jia;=jg f¾Çh ;ajrKhl ysñh' jia;=jl .=re;aj flakaøh hkq iïmQ¾K nr l%shd lrk ;ks ,laIHhhs'

a) hï ;;ajhla hgf;a jia;=jl ialkaO flakaøh" tys .=re;aj flakaøh iuÕ iïmd; fõ' tu ;;ajh ljf¾o@
b) WodyrK f,i hï jia;=jla" tkï frdaohla fyda f.da,hla ;,hla u; fmrf,l wjia:djla i,lkak' tys p,s;h
tys ialkaO flakaøh isÿ lrk f¾lSh p,s;hla iy tys ialkaO flakøh yryd hkakd jQ wlaIhla jgd
isÿjk N%uK p,s;hl ixhq;shla f,i ie,lsh yelsh'

M −¿ f.da,fha ialkaOh
V C −¿ ialkaO flakaøfha f¾ÇH m%fõ.h
I −¿ ialkaO flakaøh yryd jQ ,laIHhla jgd wjiaÒ;s
>Q¾Kh
r −¿ wrh
ω−¿ fldaKsl m%fõ.h

(i) A iy B ,laIhkays f¾Çh m%fõ. ljf¾o@

(ii) my; wjia:d i,lkak'

Y=oaO N%uKh (
fuys§ V C =rω iy frdaoh iïmQ¾K N%uKhla isÿ lsÍfïÈ 2 πr ÿrla .uka lrhs'

fmrf,ñka bÈßhg ,siaid hk úg (

frdaofha iïmQ¾K N%uKhl§ p,kh jk ÿr ¿ 2 πr fõ' V C >rω jk w;r fuu p,s;h fmrf,ñka
bÈßhg ,siaiSu f,i y÷kajhs'

fï wkqj bÈßhg fmrf,ñka miqmig ,siaiSu i|yd wjYH;dj l=ulao@

(iii) rEmfha oelafjkqfha r¿ ;sria ;,hl ksoyfia fmrf,k f.da,hls'

tys p,kh l%ufhka wvq ù ksYap,;djhg m;a fõ' F 1 hkq
>¾IK n,hhs' my; i|yka foa úia;r lrkak'
1. f¾Çh m%fõ.h wvq ùu'
2. fldaKsl m%fõ.h jeä ùu'

c) oeka ndysr jHdj¾;hla l%shd lsÍu ksid f.da,h ;ajrKh fõ' fuys§
>¾IK jHdj¾;h uÕska ;ajrK jHdj¾;hg ndOd we;s lrhs'
fï wkqj jia;=j u; >¾IK n,h F 2 jia;=jl p,kh jk ÈYdjgu l%shd
lrhs' th rEm igyfka olajd we;' fï wkqj f.da,h Y=oaO fmr¨ï
p,s;hl fhfohs' Y=oaO fmr¨ï p,s;h wrUk f;la fmrf,ñka
Èßhg ,siaid hk jia;=jla u; tys p,s; ÈYdjg m%;s úreoaO
ÈYdjg >¾IK n,h l%shd lrhs'
my; rEmfha olajd we;af;a r¿ ;sria ;,hla u; ;kd we;s ;=kS
f.da,sh lfnd,ls' th u; l%slÜ ms;a;la uÕska myrla fhdokqfha
tys l%shd f¾:dj lfndf,a flakaøh yryd .uka lrk mßÈh' tys m
 %ÒM,h f,i lfnd, bÈß ,siaiSu iys;j fmr,Su wrUkqfha V kï wdrïNl fõ.hlsks' kuq;a tys
wdrïNl fldaKsl m5fõ.h Y+kHfõ' uu rEm igyk Tfí ms<s;=re m;%fha msgm;a lr f.k"

(i) >¾IK n,h F 0 ys ÈYdj rEmfha ,l=Kq lrkak'

(ii) frdaofha ialkaOh M kï tys f¾Çh ;ajrKh fyd ukaokh i|yd m
%ldYkhla F 0 iy M weiqfrka ,shkak'

(iii) f.da,Sh lfnd, t 0 ld,hla wjidkfha§ bÈßhg ,siaiSu iys; fmr¿ï p,s;h
Y=oaO fmr¿ï p,s;hla njg m;a lr .kshs' V f hkq ld,h t 0 § f¾Çh m%fõ.hhs' V f i|yd m
%ldYkhla V , t 0 yd M weiqfrka fidhkak'

3 F0
(iv) t 0 ld,h ;=,§ fldaKsl ;ajrKh α = nj fmkajkak' ^ ialkaO flakaøh yryd jQ wlaIhla
2 Mr
2 M r2
jgd lfndf,a wjiaÓ;s >Q¾Kh nj i,lkak'&
3

(v) Y=oaO fmr¿ï p,s;h werUQ miq V f i|yd w.hla ,nd .kak' ¿ iy t 0 weiqfrka ¿

(vi) Y=oaO fmr¿ï p,s;h werô miq V f i|yd w.hla V weiqfrka ,nd .kak'

(vii) rEmfha olajd we;af;a f¾Çh m%fõ.h V f hgf;a r¿ ;sria mDIAGhla u; Y=oaO fmr¿ï
p,s;jla we;s lrk f.da,hls' th wp, iqug isria ì;a;sh yd m
%;Hdia:j .efÜ' fmr¿ï p,s;h werUQ miq tys f¾Çh fõ.h
l=ulao@ F 0 ys ÈYdfõ hï fjkila isÿfõo@ hkak m%ldY
lrkak'

2)
a) ksi, jd;fha ia:djrj meje;s fy,sfldmagrhla foig ksh; v fõ.fhka <Õd
jk i;=re .=jka hdkdjla fj;g f ixLHd;hlska hq;= f¾vd¾ ix{djla ksl=;a lrk ,È'

(i) .=jka hdkhg <Õdjk f¾vd¾ ix{dfõ ixLHd;h f ' kï f ' i|yd nm%ldYKhla ,shkak'
wdf,dalfha m%fõ.h c hehs i,lkak'

(ii) .=jka hdkfha mrdj¾;s; f¾vd¾ ix{dj kej; fy,s fldmagrh uÕska wkdjrKh flfrkqfha f ' '
ixLHd;hlska kï f ' ' yd f ' w;r in|;djla ,nd .kak'

(iii) tuÕska fy,sfldmagrh wkdjrKh flfrk ixLHd; fjki ( Frequency Shift ) ∆ f kï v ≪ c hehs
i<ld
2 vf
∆ f= nj idOkh lrkak'
c

(iv) f =9 ×1 0 9 Hz , ∆ f =1.5 ×1 04 Hz yd c=3 × 10 8 m s−1 kï .=jka hdkfha fõ.h fidhkak'

b) oeka fy,sfldmagrh .=jka hdkh foig u ksh; fõ.fhka .uka lrhs'

 (i) .=jka hdkhg <Õd jk f¾vd¾ ix{dfõ ixLHd;h f ' i|yd m%ldYKhla u , v , c yd f weiqfrka
,shkak'

(ii) tuÕska fy,sfldmagrhg wkdjrKh jk kj ixLHd;h

f ''=
[ c + ( u+ v ) ] f
uÕska ,efnk nj fmkajkak'
[ c−( u+ v ) ]

fuys§ c 2 , cv , cu mo iuÕ iei|Sfï§ uv mo fkd.sksh yels nj i,lkak'

2 ( u+v ) f
(iii) by; idOkh wkqj wkdjrKh jk ixLHd; fjki ∆ f = nj fmfka' fy,sfldmagrh by;
c
whqßkau p,kh jk úg .=jka hdkh m<uq v fõ.fhka ( v> u) m%;súreoaO ÈYdjg m,d hk
úg ∆ f i|yd m%ldYkhla idOkfhka f;drj ,shkak'

(iv) túg fy,sfldmagrhg wkdjrkh jk ixLHd; fjki 3 ×1 03 Hz hehs i,ld fy,sfldmagrfha fõ.h
.Kkh lrkak'

c)

by; m%ia:drfha oelafjkafka fy,sfldmagrh ksi,j meje;s wjia:djl th foig ksh; fõ.fhka
meñKs .=jka hdkhlska wkdjrKh jQ ixLHd; fjki ∆ f ldmh t iuÕ fjkia jQ wdldrhhs' .=jka
hdkh È.gu p,s; fjñka meje;sfha hehso tajd tlu ;sria ;,fha meje;sfha hehso i,ld fy,sfldmagrhg
idfmalaIj .=jka hdkfha m:h rEmhl we| fmkajkak' .=jka hdkfha ;sria m:h A f,i;a
fy,sfldmagrh h f,i;a kï lrkak'

3)
a) >k;ajh ρ s jk jdfka j,ska idok ,o r s kï úúO wrhka iys; l=vd f.da, hï ixLHdjla" gexlshl jQ c,
mDIAGhg hï;ï my,ska uqod yßk ,È' c,fha >k;ajh ρ fõ'

(i) f.da,hla u; l%shd lrk uq¿ .=re;ajdl¾IK n,fha ^tkï nfrys iy Wvql=re f;rmqfuys iïm
4 3
%hqla;h& úYd,;ajh π r ( ρ −ρ ) g nj fmkajkak'
3 s s

(ii) c,h ;=,ska jefgk f.da, jgd jQ c,h wdia;Íh ;;aj hgf;a p,kh jk nj i<ld f.da,hl wdka; m%fõ.h
v i|yd m%ldYkhla ρ s , r s , ρiy c,fha ÿiai%dú;d ix.=Klh η weiqfrka ,nd .kak'

b)
 (i) f.da,dldr je,s leghl wrh 20 μm iy >k;ajh 2 ×1 03 kg m−3 fõ' c,fha ÿiai%dú;d ix.=Klh
wdikak f,i 1 0−2 Nm s−2 fõ' ksYap, c, mßudjl m;=, lrd ;ekam;a ùug meñfKk fujka
wxY=jla ,nd .kakd wdka; m%fõ.h fidhkak'

(ii) by; b)(i) ys .eg¿j i,lkak' my, ñisisms ksïkfha mj;sk by; wdldrfha je,s iys; c, idïm,hlska
yrialv j¾.M,h 50 c m2 jk 1 l is,skavrdldr fnda;,hla mqrjd we;ehs i,lkak' c,h
wNHka;rfha jQ ish¨ wdldrfha p,s; wjika ;eka isg ljr ld,hlg miqj idïm,fha wvx.= ish¨
wxY= m;=f,a ;ekam;a fõo@

(iii) tla;rd flakaø wmidrlhla ;=, øjhla N%uKh lrkqfha 20 ;;amrhg mßN%uK iy N%uK
wlaIfha isg wrh 10 cm jk mßÈh' >k;ajh 1000 kg m−3 jk ;kql c, ødjkhla flakaø
wmidrlh ;=, we;s w;r u c, ødjKfha >k;ajh 1020 kg m−3 iy wrh 3 ×1 0−4 m jk f.da,dldr
l=vd wxY= mj;shs' tu wxY= ødjKfhka bj;ajk wdka; m%fõ.h fidhkak' .=re;ajc n,
fkdi,ld yßkak' c,fha ÿiai%dú;d ix.=Klh 1 0−2 Nm s−2 fõ' ( π 2=10)

4)
a) my; ( x) yd ( y ) rEm j,ska fmkajd we;s mßÈ taldldr úoHq;a yd pqïNl lafIa;%hka isriaj
by,gu l%shd lrhs' +Q wdfrdamKhla iys; wxY=jla lafIa;%j,g θ fldaKhla wdk;j v m
%fõ.fhka we;=¿ fõ'

úoHq;a lafIa;%h pqïNl lafIa;%h

rEmh rEmh

(i) tla tla lafIa;% uÕska xY=j u; l%shd lrk n, j, úYd,;ajh i|yd iólrKhla ,shkak'
(ii) tu n, j, ÈYd i|yka lrkak'

b)

by; rEmfha fmkajd we;s mßÈ tlsflkg dnoj we;s úoHq;a yd pqïNl lafIa;% folla l%shd lrhs'
E=3.35× 1 0−3 N C−1 isriaj by,g l%shd lrk w;r B=10 mT jk taldldr pqïNl lafIa;%hls'
2 ×1 02 ms−1 m%fõ.fhka ;sriaj ÈYdjg .uka .kakd α wxY=jla úoHq;a lafIa;%h ;=,g
we;=¿ fõ' ¿wxY=fõ ialkaOh 6.7 ×1 0−28 kg yd wdfrdamKh 3.2 ×1 0−19 C fõ'¿
 (i) α wxY=j úoHq;a lafIa;% ;=, fldmuK ld,hla p,kh fõo@
(ii) α wxY=j lafIa;%fhka bj;ajk úg tys m%fõ.h yd th ;sri iuÕ idok fldaKh fidhkak'
(iii) bkamiq α wxY=j pqïNl lafIa;%hg we;=¿ jQ miq u jD;a; pdmfha wrh iy wxY=j p,s; jk
fldaKsl m%fõ.h fidhkak'

A fldgig fyda B fldgig muKla ms<s;=re imhkak'

5) (A)
a) úoHq;a pqïNl fm%arKh ms<sn| *erfâ kshuh ,shd olajkak'

(i) lafIa;%M,h A jk fmdg n .Kklska iukaú; jD;a;dldr me;,s lïì oÕrhla pqïNl i%dj >k;ajh
B jk lafIa;%hlg θ fldaKhla wdk;j ;nd we;s úg ;,hg wNs,ïN f,i we;s pqïNl i%djh
fldmuKo@

b) wrh 10 cm iy m%;sfrdaOh 2 Ω jk jD;a;dldr lïì mqvqjla fmdg 100 lska iukaú; fõ' fuh
rEmfha fmkajd we;s mßÈ i%dj >k;ajh 0.5 T jk taldldr pqïNl lafIa;%hlg ,ïNlj ;nd we;'

fuu lïì oÕrh taldldr m%fõ.hlska pqïNl lafIa;%h Y+kH foig wÈkq ,nhs' uq¿ mqvqjg tu
fmfoig meñKsu i|yd ;;amr 0.25 l ld,hla .; fõ kï"

(i) fuu ld,h ;=, oÕrh u; fm%arKh jk úoHq;a .dul n,h fidhkak'
(ii) th ;=,ska .,k úoHq;a Odrdfõ w.h fldmuKo@

c)
(i) oÕrfha W;ai¾ckh jk Yla;sh .Kkh lrkak'
(ii) oÕrh lafIa;%fhka msg;g weoSug l, hq;= ld¾hh m%udKh fldmuKo@
(iii) lïì mqvqj pqïNl lafIa;%h ;=, uq,ska ;snQ wdldrhgu ;nd pqïNl lafIa;%h 0.1 T s−1 ksh;
iS>%;djhlska wvq lf,a kï lïì oÕrfha fofl<jr fm%arKh jk úoHq;a .dul n,h fldmuKo@
(iv) lïì mqvqfõ jQ A yd B ,laI w;r úNj wka;rh fldmuKo@
(v) lïì mqvqj A j,ska lmd w.% u|la hka;ñka wE;a l, úg w.% w;r fm%arKh jk úoHq;a .dul
n,h fldmuKo@

d) by; pqïNl lafIa;%fha úYd,;ajh my; m%ia:drfha mßÈ ld,h iuÕ fjkia jkafka kï" tu lïì oÕrh
fofl<jr fm%arKh jk úoHq;a .dul n,h ( E) ld,h (t) iuÕ fjkiajk whqre m%ia:dr .; lrkak'

(B)
a) my; § we;s mßm:fha we;s D fik¾ Èfhdavfha ì| jegqï fjda,aàh;djh 20 V fõ'
 (i) fik¾ Èfhdvfha Wmßu laIu;djh 500 mW kï th ;=,ska .,d hd yels Wmßu Odrdj fidhkak'
(ii) S iaúph jid we;s úg R S wdrlaIl m%;sfrdaOh yryd úNj wka;rh fldmuKo@ R S m
%;sfrdaOfha w.h fldmuKo@
(iii) R L Ndr m%;sfrdaOfha w.h wvq l< fyd;a th ;=,ska .,d hk Odrdj jeäfõ' fuf,i R L
;=,ska .,d hd yels Wmßu Odrdj fldmuKo@
^ia:dhsldrl l%shdj,sh i|yd fik¾ Èfhdavh ;=,ska wju 5 mA Odrdjla ;sìh hq;=hs'&

b)

fuys D 1 yd D2 Èfhdav folu mßmQ¾K fõ'

(i) A g yd B g fjda,aÜ 0 § we;s úg Èfhdav bÈß keUqre fõo@ miq keUqre fõo@ fya;= i|
yka lrkak'
(ii) fuúg N ys úNjh fldmuKo@
(iii) fuu wjia:dfõ§ g%dkaisiagrh l=uk mej;=ï wjia:dfõ mj;So@
(iv) M ys úNjh fldmuKo@

c) mß>Kl uÕska md,kh jk jdyk ksmojk l¾udka; Yd,djla ;=, we;s mßm: fudähq, folla tu
l¾udka; Yd,dj l%shd;aul fkdlrk úg w¨;ajeähd i|yd újd; lrkq ,nk w;r tu l¾udka; Yd,dj l
%shd lrk úg tu fudähq, folu wdrlaIs;j jeiS ;sìh hq;=h'
tu l¾udka; Yd,dj l%shdlrk úg hï úÈhlska tl fudähq,hla fyd folu újD;j we;akï wk;=re
ix{djla ksl=;a l< hq;=h' tkï r;= LED n,anhla oe,aúh hq;=h' fï i|yd i;H;d j.=jla we| ;d¾lsl
mßm:hla ks¾udKh lrkak' fudähq, tlla újD;j we;s úg ;d¾lsl 0 ksmofjk nj;a jid we;s úg
;d¾lsl 1 la ksmofjk nj;a i,lkak'

6)
(A) taldldr yrialvla iys; fyd|ska wjqrk ,o ikakdhl oKavla ;=,ska ;dmh ikaakhkh jk iS>%;djh
∆Q ( ∆ θ) (∆ θ)
=KA uÕska fokq ,efí' fuys K , A yd hk mo y÷kajkak'
∆t (∆ l) (∆ l)

rEmfha olajd we;s mßÈ úYd, A l=àrfhys 90 ℃ ksh; WIAK;ajhl mj;sk c,h we;s w;r thg B
kï ;=kS ì;a;s iys; l=àrhla iïnkaO lr we;af;a C kï ;U oKavla uÕsks'
 a) B l=àrfha we;s c,fha wdrïNl WIAK;ajh 10 ℃ jk w;r tys we;s c,fha ialkaOh 500 g fõ' C
oKafvys yrialv j¾.M,h 12.5 c m2 fõ' B l=àrh ;=, we;s c,fhys WIAK;ajh 10 ℃ isg 30 ℃
olajd jeä fõ'

(i) oKav Èf.a ;dmh ikakhkh ùfï idudkH iS>%;djh fldmuKo@

(ii) ta i|yd .; jk ld,h fidhkak' ^oKafâ ;dm Odß;djh fkdi,ld yßkak'&

7)