OLD

ish¨ u ysñlï weúßKs'

ryiH f,aLkhls'

YS% ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j

w'fmd'i' ^W'fm<& úNd.h - 2019

21 - wd¾Ól úoHdj

,l=Kq §fï mámdáh

rdcH Kh mshúu YS% ,xldjg m%Odk wNsfhda.hla ú we;

fuh W;a;rm;% mÍCIljrekaf.a m%fhdackh i|yd ilia flßKs'

m%Odk$ iyldr mÍCIl /iaùfï § bÈßm;ajk woyia wkqj fuys fjkialï lrkq ,efí'

wjika ixfYdaOk we;=<;a l< hq;=j we;'

 Y%S ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j ryiH f,aLkhls'

mgqk

msgqj

isg olajd
m%Yak m;% jHqyh

wd¾Ól úoHdj I 03 - 10

wd¾Ól úoHdj I ioyd ,l=Kq oSfï mámdáh 11 - 11

wd¾Ól úoHdj II ioyd ,l=Kq oSfï mámdáh 12 - 43

igyka 44

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 Y%S ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j ryiH f,aLkhls'

(21) wd¾Ól úoHdj

m%Yak m;% jHqyh

I m;%h - ld,h meh 02 hs'

jrK 05 ne.ska jq nyqjrK m%Yak 50 ls' m%Yak
ish,a,g u ms<s;=re iemhsh hq;=hs' tla m%Yakhlg
,l=Kq 02 ne.ska uq¿ ,l=Kq 100 ls'

II m;%h - ld,h meh 03 hs'

fuu m%Yak m;%h fldgia follska hqla; h'
^w& Wm fldgi - jHqy.; rpkd j¾.fha m%Yak 5 ls'
^wd& Wm fldgi - jHqy.; rpkd j¾.fha m%Yak 5 ls'

wju jYfhka tla fldgilska m%Yak 2 ne.ska f;dard f.k

m%Yak 5 lg ms<s;=re iemhsh hq;=hs' tla m%Yakhlg ,l=Kq
20 ne.ska uq¿ ,l=Kq 100 ls'

wjidk ,l=K .Kkh lsßu - I m;%h 100

- II m;%h 100

wjidk ,l=K 200 2 = 100

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 Y%S ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j ryiH f,aLkhls'

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 Y%S ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j ryiH f,aLkhls'

21- wd¾Ól úoHdj ^,l=Kq §fï mámdáh& merKs ks¾foaYh | w'fmd'i' ^W'fm<& úNd.h - 2019 |wjika ixfYdaOk we;=<;a l< hq;=j we;' 5
 Y%S ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j ryiH f,aLkhls'

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 Y%S ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j ryiH f,aLkhls'

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 Y%S ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j ryiH f,aLkhls'

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 Y%S ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j ryiH f,aLkhls'

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 Y%S ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j ryiH f,aLkhls'

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 Y%S ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j ryiH f,aLkhls'

^i&
^w& Y%uh
^wd& m%d.aOkh
^b& m%d.aOkh
^B& N+ñh ^tla ksjerÈ ms<s;=rlg ,l=Kq 01 ne.ska¦ uq¿ ,l=Kq 04&

^ii&

ksIamdok yelshd udhsï jl%h my; i|yka Wml,amk u; mokï fõ'

 i,ld n,k ld,mßÉfPaoh ;=< wd¾Ólh i;= iïm;a iïNdrh ia:djrj mj;sk nj'
fuhska woyia jkqfha fokq ,enQ ld,mßÉfPaohla ;=< iudchla i;= iïm;a iïNdrh
.=Kd;aulj iy m%udKd;aulj fjkia fkdjk njhs'
 wd¾Ólhl mj;akd ishÆu iïm;a mQ¾K fiajd kshqla;sh yd mQ¾K ksIamdokh bgq jk
f,i Ndú; lrk nj'
 wod< ld,mßÉfPaoh ;=< ;dlaIKh fkdfjkiaj mj;sk nj'
 NdKav folla muKla ksIamdokh lrk nj'

^´kEu Wml,amkhlg ,l=Kq 01 ne.ska¦ uq¿ ,l=Kq 04&

^iii& jefvk wdjiaÓl msßjeh uQ,hg wj;, ke;fyd;a msg;g fkrd.sh iajrEmhla .kakd
jl%hlska ±lafjhs'

uQ,hg wj;, jl%hla u; ;sria wËfha ksrEmKh lrkq ,nk NdKav iudk tall j,ska
jeä lrk úg ksIamdok yelshd jl%fha nEjqu l%ufhka by< hhs' ^ke;fyd;a wdka;sl
wdjiaÓl msßjeh by< hhs'& ^,l=Kq 01&

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 Y%S ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j ryiH f,aLkhls'

^,l=Kq 01&

wdjia:sl msßjeh ia:djr yevhla .kakd úg ksIamdok yelshd udhsï jl%h ir, f¾Çh
fõ'

jl%h ir, f¾Çh jk úg jl%h u; ;sria wËfha ksIamdokh lrkq ,nk NdKavh iudk
tall m%udKh ne.ska l%ufhka jeä lrk úg ksIamdok yelshd jl%fha nEjqu iEu
,Ëhlu iudk w.hla .kq ,nhs' ^ke;fyd;a wdka;sl wdjiaÓl msßjeh ia:djr fjhs'&

^,l=Kq 01&

^,l=Kq 01&

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 Y%S ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j ryiH f,aLkhls'

^iv&

 iïm;a fnod fjka lr .ekSu iïnkaO ;SrK .ekSu iy tu ;SrK iïnkaëlrKh

lsÍu i|yd wkq.ukh flfrk hka;%Kh'
 ksIamdok iïm;a yd foafmd< ms<sn| ysñldß;ajh iy foafmd< whs;sjdislï'
 wd¾Ólfha ;SrK .kq ,nk tall flfrys n,mdk idkqn, moaO;sh'
 wdodhï mqk¾jHdma;sh iy iudc wdrlaIK cd,hkaf.a iajNdjh'
 foaYmd,k iy wd.ñl oDIaájdohka'

^tla ks¾Kdhlhlg ,l=Kq 01 ne.ska¦ uq¿ ,l=Kq 04&

^v&'
wd¾Ól ld¾hËu;djh hkqfjka woyia flfrkqfha wd¾Ólh i;= iïm;a iudcfha
mqrjeishkaf.a jqjukd imqrd,Su msKsi ld¾hËuj Wmfhdackh lsÍuhs'
^,l=Kq 01&

wd¾Ól ld¾hËu;djh i|yd fldkafoais folla tl úg w;a lr .ekSu wjYH fõ'

1' ksIamdokfha ld¾hËu;djh iy

2' iïm;a fnod fjka lsÍfï ld¾hËu;djh ^,l=Kq 01&

ksIamdok ld¾hËu;djh i|yd fldkafoais folla iïmQ¾K l< hq;= fõ'

 mQ¾K fiajd kshqla;sh

 mQ¾K ksIamdokh

iïm;a fnod fjkalsÍfï ld¾hËu;djh hkq iudch úiska jvd;a leue;a;la olajkq ,nk
NdKav yd fiajd ksIamdokh lsÍu i|yd iudch i;= ysÕ iïm;a fhdod .ekSuhs'

^,l=Kq 01&
iïm;a fnod fjkalsÍfï ld¾hËu;djh w;a lr .kakd úg" ñ, wdka;sl msßjehg iy wdka;sl
m%;s,dN j,g iudk (P= MC = MB) fõ' ^,l=Kq 01&

21- wd¾Ól úoHdj ^,l=Kq §fï mámdáh& merKs ks¾foaYh | w'fmd'i' ^W'fm<& úNd.h - 2019 |wjika ixfYdaOk we;=<;a l< hq;=j we;' 13
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(i) QD = QS

100-2p = -30 + 3p
5p = 130
P = 130 / 5
p = 26
QD = 100-2p
= 100 – (2 º 26)
= 48

QS = -30 + (3 º 26)
= 48

iu;=,s; ñ, remsh,a 26 ^,l=Kq 02&

iu;=,s; m%udKh 48 ^,l=Kq 02&
(ii) ñ, b,a¨ï kuH;djh = ∆Qd/∆P  P/Qd
^.Kkh lrk wdldrh oelaúug; ,l=Kq 02&

= -2  26/ 48

= - 1.08 ^,l=Kq 02&

^RK i,l=K ke;akï ,l=Kq 01" RK i,l=K iy ksjerÈ ms<s;=rg; ,l=Kq 02&
(iii) QD = QS

100 - 2Pb = -30+3Ps

100 - 2Pb = -30 + 3(Pb+S)
^iykdOdrfhka miq Ps iy Pb w;r iïnkaO;djh ±laùug ,l=Kq 01&
100 - 2Pb = -30 + 3(Pb+5)
^iólrKj,g w.hka wdfoaY lsÍu i|yd¦ ,l=Kq 01&

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 Y%S ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j ryiH f,aLkhls'

100 - 2Pb = -30 + 3Pb+15

5Pb = 115
Pb = 115/ 5
Pb = 23

QD = 100 – (2  23) QS = -30+ (3  28)

=100 – 46 = 54
= 54

iykdOdrfhka miq iu;=,s; ñ, remsh,a 23 ^,l=Kq 01&

iykdOdrfhka miq iu;=,s; m%udKh tall 54 ^,l=Kq 01&

(iv) iykdOdrhg fmr Wmßu b,a¨ï ñ,

QD = 100 – 2P
0 = 100 – 2P
2P = 100
P = 100/ 2
P = 50
mdßfNda.sl w;sßla;h = [(50 – 26)  48] / 2
= 576
iykdOdrhg fmr wju iemhqï ñ,

QS = -30 + 3P

0 = -30 + 3P

-3P = -30
P = -30 / -3
P = 10
ksIamdok w;sßla;h = [(26 – 10)  48] / 2 úl,am l%uhla

= 384 = [(50 – 10)  48] / 2

iykdOdrhg fmr wd¾Ól w;sßla;h = 576 + 384 = 960

= 960
iykdOdrhg miq mdßfNda.sl w;sßla;h = [(50 – 23 )  54] / 2
= 729

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iykdOdrhg miq ksIamdok w;sßla;h = [(28 – 10 )  54] / 2

= 486
iykdOdrh ksid rchg ±Íug isÿjk úhou = iykdOdrh º kj iu;=,s; m%udKh
= 5  54
= 270 ^,l=Kq 01&

iykdOdrhg miq wd¾Ól w;sßla;h = 729 + 486 - 270

= 945
iykdOdrhg miq wd¾Ól w;sßla;h = 945 ^,l=Kq 01&
iykdOdrhg fmr wd¾Ól w;sßla;h = 960 ^,l=Kq 01&

iykdOdrh ksid wd¾Ól w;sßla;fha wvq ùu = -15 ^,l=Kq 01&

^wd¾Ól ld¾hËu;djh wvq fõ fyda iei|Sula lr we;s kï¦ ,l=Kq 01&
(v)
iykdOdrh ,nd §u ksid wdka;sl msßjeh wdka;sl m%;s,dN blaujd hhs (MC>MB). fuu
fjf<|fmdf<a ksIamdokfha wdka;sl msßjeh NdKafha ñ,g jvd jeä fõ' MC > P.
^,l=Kq 02&
MC > P neúka iykdOdrh fya;= fldgf.k wê ksIamdokhla ^wê wdfhdackhla& fuu
fjf<|fmdf<a yg .kshs' iydkdOdrh ,nd ÿka miq fuu fjf<|fmdf<a iïm;a fnod
fjkalsÍfï wld¾hËu;djhla yg .kakd w;r" P≠ MC ≠ MB fõ' ^,l=Kq 02&

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^i&
flá ld,Sk ksIamdok l%shdj,sh ;=< ia:djr iïm;a m%udKhla u; úp,H fhojqï l%ufhka
jeä lrk úg úp,H fhojqfï wdka;sl M,odhS;djh l%ufhka my< hhs' fuh ySkjk wdka;sl
M,odhS;d kS;sh f,i ie,fla' ^,l=Kq 01&

ySkjk wdka;sl M, yg .kakd úg wdh;kfha fláld,Sk wdka;sl msßjeh jeä ùug mgka
.kshs' tu ksid flá ld,fha § ySkjk wdka;sl M, iy wdka;sl msßjeh w;r m%;sf,dau
iïnkaO;djhla f.dv kef.a' ^,l=Kq 01&

È.= ld,Sk ksIamdok l%shdj,sfha § ishÆu fhojqï lsishï m%;sY;hlska jeä lrkq ,enQ úg"
fhojqï jeä l< m%;sY;hg jvd wvq jk fõ.hlska ksuejqu jeä jkafka kï" th wvq jk
mßudKdkql+, M, hkqfjka ye|ska fõ' È.=ld,Sk ksIamdok l%shdj,sfha § yg.kakd
mßudKdkql+, fkdmsßueiqï ksid fujekakla isÿ fõ' ^,l=Kq 01&

wvq jk mßudKdkql+, M, l%shd;aul jk úg È.= ld,Sk idudkH msßjeh jeä jk ksid È.=
ld,Sk idudkH msßjeh jl%h by< kÕshs' ^,l=Kq 01&

^ii&

wdka;sl msßjeh jl%h (MC jl%h) uq¿ ia:djr msßjeh jl%h (TFC jl%h)
^w& by<g ú;eka fõ' fkdfjkiaj mj;S'
^wd& fkdfjkiaj mj;S' my<g ú;eka fõ'
^b& fkdfjkiaj mj;S' by<g ú;eka fõ'
^B& by<g ú;eka fõ' fkdfjkiaj mj;S'
^ksjerÈ ms<s;=rlg ,l=Kq 01 ne.ska¦ uq¿ ,l=Kq 04&
^ms<s;=f¾ § jl% j,g jk n,mEu olajd fkdue;sj wdka;sl msßjeh iy uq¿ ia:djr msßjehg
jk n,mEu muKla olajd we;akï; Wmßu ,l=Kq 02&
^iii&

1. fjf<|fmd, ;=< isák wdh;k ixLHdj'

2. ksIamdÈ;fha iucd;Sh Ndjh'
3. w¨;a wdh;k fjf<|fmd,g m%fõY ùug;a" mj;akd wdh;k fjf<|fmd,ska bj;aj
hdug;a we;s myiq wmyiq nj'
4. fjf<|fmd, ;=< lghq;= lrk ksIamdok wdh;k w;r mj;sk ;rÕldß;ajfha
iajrEmh' ^tla idOlhlg ,l=Kq 01 ne.ska; uq¿ ,l=Kq 04&

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 Y%S ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j ryiH f,aLkhls'

^iv&
mQ¾K ;rÕldß ksIamdok wdh;khla ;sria b,a¨ï jl%hlg ^mQ¾K kuH& uqyqK fohs' tkï
mQ¾K ;rÕldÍ ksIamdok wdh;khl b,a¨ï jl%fha ñ, kuH;djh wmßñ; fõ'

úl,am ms<s;=r ( m%ia:drh

^m%ldYkhg fyda m%ia:drhg fyda ´kEu tla l%uhlg; ,l=Kq 01&

mq¾K ;rÕldÍ fjf<|fmd,l wdh;k úYd, ixLHdjla isák ksid mQ¾K ;rÕldÍ
fjf<|fmd,l isák tla wdh;khla ksmojkqfha uq¿ fjf<|fmd, ;=< wf,ú lrk iucd;Sh
NdKav m%udKfhka b;d fkdjeo.;a m%udKhls' tfukau mq¾K ;rÕldÍ fjf<|fmd,l ñ, §
.kqjkag fjf<|fmd, ms<sn| mQ¾K f;dr;=re ^mQ¾K ±kqu& mj;sk ksid ksIamdok wdh;kj,g
fjkia ñ, .Kka wh l< yels fkdfõ' tneúka mQ¾K ;rÕldÍ ksIamdok wdh;khla
fjf<|fmdf,a ;SrKh ù we;s ñ, wl¾uKH f,i ms<s.kakd ñ, .kqfjla njg m;a fõ'
tneúka fjf<|fmdf,a mejreKq ñ,la hgf;a ñ, ms<sn| n,mEula fkdlr mQ¾K ;rÕldÍ
wdh;khla wf,ú lghq;= isÿ lrhs' fï fya;= ksid mQ¾K ;rÕldÍ ksIamdok wdh;khla uqyqK
fok b,a¨ï jl%h m%udK wlaIhg iudka;rj msyg
s k mQ¾K kuH b,a¨ï jl%hls'

^by;ska fmkajd os we;s bß weos ,laIK meyeÈ,s lrñka mQ¾K ;rÕldÍ wdh;kfha b,a¨ï
jl%h mQ¾K kuH hehs ;d¾lslj meyeÈ,s lrkafka kï ,l=Kq 03&

^v&
^w& w;sf¾l f;dr;=re wjYH fõ'
^wd& jid ±ñh hq;= h'
^b& w;sf¾l f;dr;=re wjYH fõ'
^B& ksIamdokfha fhÈh hq;= h'
^tllg ,l=Kq 01 ne.ska¦ uq¿ ,l=Kq 04&

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 Y%S ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j ryiH f,aLkhls'

^i&'
idudkHfhka o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;h ñkqï lrkqfha ksIamdok uqyqKqjr fhdod .ksñks' ksIamdok
uqyqKqjrg wkqj ish¨u ksIamdolhska úiska ckkh lrkq ,nk iuia; tl;= l< w.h
o< foaYSh ksIamdokh f,i ie,fla' ke;fyd;a ksuejqï m%fõYh Tiafia ñkqï lrkqfha fok
,o j¾Ihla ;=< rgl ksIamdokh lrk ,o ishÆu wjidk NdKav iy fiajdj, jákdluhs'
^fyda o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;h hkq lsishï j¾Ihla ;=< wd¾Ólh úiska ksIamdokh lrkq ,nk
ishÆu wjidk NdKav yd fiajdj, fjf<|fmd< jákdluhs&

o' foa' ksIamdÈ;h = o< tl;= l< jákdlu + nÿ - iykdOdr ^,l=Kq 01&

ksuejqï uqyqKj
q r ;=<ska wd¾Ólfha idOl ysñlrejka fj; wdodhï m%jdyhla ckkh flf¾'
tu wdodhï jkafka Y%ñlhskag ,efnk jegqma yd fõ;k" N+ñhg ,efnk nÿ l=,sh" m%d.aOkhg
,efnk bmehqï jk fmd<sh" iud.ñl ,dN iy Y=oaO jl% nÿ fõ' úl,amhla f,ig o< foaYSh
ksIamdÈ;h hkq fiajl wdodhï" ksIamdokh iy wdkhk u; wh lrkakd jQ nÿ" ia:djr m%d.aOk
mßfNdackh" iy fufyhqï w;sßla;fha tl;=jhs' ^,l=Kq 01&

úhoï m%fõYh hgf;a rgl ksIamdokh wjidkfha Ndú; lrkafka lõreka o hkak i,ld
n,ñka o< foaYh
S ksIamdÈ;h uq¿ mßfNdack úhoï" úhoï" m%d.aOk iïmdokh iy Y=oaO ks¾hd;
hk oE yS tl;=fjka ,nd .kshs' fuu m%fõYh yryd o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;h my; wdldrhg o
,nd .; yelsh'
GDP = C + G + I + NX ^ mßfNdack úhoï + rcfha úhoï + wdfhdack + Y=oaO ks¾hd;&
GDP = wjika mßfNdackh + o< m%d.aOk iïmdokh + wmkhk - wdkhk
^,l=Kq 01&

21- wd¾Ól úoHdj ^,l=Kq §fï mámdáh& merKs ks¾foaYh | w'fmd'i' ^W'fm<& úNd.h - 2019 |wjika ixfYdaOk we;=<;a l< hq;=j we;' 19
 Y%S ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j ryiH f,aLkhls'

´kEu m%fõYhl § ,nd.kakd ksuejqfï w.hla fyda tl;= lsÍula wfkl=;a m%fõY foflka
,nd .kakd w.hka iuÕ iïnkaO neúka m%fõY ;=k yrydu o< foaYSh ksuejqu ñkqï lsÍfï
§ tl iudk w.hka ,efí' ksuejqu yryd wdodhula ckkh lrk w;r" tu wdodhï yryd
úhoula ckkh lrhs'
tneúka o< foaYSh ksIamdokh ñkqï lsÍug wdodhï yd úhoï m%fõY fhdod .; yels fõ' l=uk
m%fõYhlska ,nd .;a; o" o< foaYSh ksIamdokhka w;r fjkila fkdue;s w;r tu w.hka
tald;añlj iudk fõ' ^,l=Kq 01&

^ii&
mßf,aLk$f;d. fjkiaùï hkqfjka woyia jkqfha ksIamdok wdh;khla i;=
^w&' ksIamdok lghq;= i|yd Ndú;hg .ekSug /ia fldg we;s wuq øjH yd w;rueÈ fhojqï
f;d.
^wd&' ksIamdok l%shdj,sfhys ;j ÿrg;a /|S we;s w¾O ksñ NdKav f;d. iy
^we&' fuf;la wf,ú fkdl< tfy;a wf,úh i|yd iQodkï fldg we;s wjidk NdKav f;d.
hkdÈfhys j¾Ih wjidkfha jákdlu yd j¾Ih wdrïNfha mej;s jákdlu w;r fjkia
ùu h' ^,l=Kq 02&

f;d. fjkiaùïj, fjkialï ie<iqï l< fyda ie<iqï fkdl< tajd úh yelsh' විකුණුම්
අනුපාතයේ තාවකාලික උච්චාවචනයන් තිබියදී jqj;a ksuejqï f;d. weKjqï l< yels fõ'
j¾Ih අවසානයේ ඇති යතාග j¾Ih ආරම්භයේ දී mej;s යතාගh ඉක්මවා ගියය ාත් යතාග සමුච්චkයක් ය ෝ
යතාගවල ධනාත්මක ආයයෝජනයක් සිදුවී ඇති අතර එය j¾;udk ආයයෝජනය යලස ගණන් ගනු ,efí'

o< foaYh
S ksIamdÈ;h uÕska wod< j¾Ifha rg ;=< yg.;a uq¿ ksIamdokfha jákdlu ukskq
,efí' tneúka o< foaYsh ksIamdÈ;h uÕska ksuejqfï jákdlu ksjerÈj uekSug kï" tu
j¾Ih ;=< ksIamdokh lrk ,o tfy;a tu j¾Ih ;=< wf,ú fkdjQ ish¨ M,odhS oE
ksIamdokfha jákdlug we;=<;a úh hq;= h' fï wkqj úhoï m%fõYh Tiafia ksuejqfï
jákdlu weia;fïka;= lsÍfï §" mßf,aLk$f;d. fjkiaùïj, jákdlu o wdfhdack
úhofï ixrplhla f,i we;=<;a lrkq ,nhs' ^,l=Kq 02&

^iii&
fm!oa.,sl mßfNdack úhou C
rcfha úhoï G
o< foaYSh m%d.aOk iïmdokh I
Y=oaO wmkhk NX ^tla lreKlg ^,l=Kq 01 ne.ska ,l=Kq 04&
Y = C + I + G + NX X-M fyda NX
^iólrKh muKla ,shd we;s úg o uq¿ ,l=Kq ,nd fokak&

21- wd¾Ól úoHdj ^,l=Kq §fï mámdáh& merKs ks¾foaYh | w'fmd'i' ^W'fm<& úNd.h - 2019 |wjika ixfYdaOk we;=<;a l< hq;=j we;' 20
 Y%S ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j ryiH f,aLkhls'

^iv&
^w& o< cd;sl wdodhu
o< cd;sl wdodhu hkq wd¾Ólhla ;=< isák fkajdislhka úiska jirla ;=< ksIamdok
l%shdj,shg odhl ùfuka Wmhk ,o iuia; idOl wdodhuhs'

o< cd;sl wdodhu } o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;h + fiajl bmehqï iy wjfYaI f,dalh iuÕ
isÿ l< foafmd< wdodhï - fiajl bmehqï iy wjfYaI f,dalhg isÿ l<
foafmd< wdodhï

^ks¾jpkhg fyda ´kEu ksjerÈ .Kkh lsÍulg } ,l=Kq 01&

^wd& jehl< yels o< cd;sl wdodhu
jehl< yels o< cd;sl wdodhu hkq mßfNdackh iy b;=reï i|yd cd;sh i;=j we;s
wdodhuhs'

jehl< yels o< cd;sl wdodhu } wjika mßfNdack úhou + o< b;=reï

jehl< yels o< cd;sl wdodhu } o< cd;sl wdodhu + wjfYaI f,dalfha rgj,ska ,enqKq
j¾;k ixl%du - wjfYaI f,dalfha rgj,g isÿl< j¾;k ixl%du

^ks¾jpkhg fyda ´kEu ksjerÈ .Kkh lsÍulg } ,l=Kq 01&

^b& fm!oa.,sl wdodhu
fm!oa.,sl wdodhu hkq lsishï j¾Ihl Wmhd fkd.;a kuq;a ,enqKq wdodhï iy
Wmhd.;a kuq;a fkd,enqKq wdodhï .,mk ,o cd;sl wdodhuhs'

fm!oa.,sl wdodhu } cd;sl wdodhu - iudc wdrËK odhl uqo,a$nÿ - iud.ñl wdodhï
nÿ - r|jd.;a wdodhï + rcfha ixl%du f.ùï

^ks¾jpkhg fyda ´kEu ksjerÈ .Kkh lsÍulg } ,l=Kq 01&

^B&' jehl< yels fm!oa.,sl wdodhu
jehl< yels fm!oa.,sl wdodhu hkq mßfNdackh iy b;=reï i|yd we;s wdodhuhs'

jehl< yels fm!oa.,sl wdodhu } fm!oa.,sl wdodhu - fm!oa.,sl nÿ

^ks¾jpkhg fyda ´kEu ksjerÈ .Kkh lsÍulg } ,l=Kq 01&

^v&
cd;sl .sKqï o;a; my; ±lafjk m%;s,dN wd¾Ólhlg ,nd fohs'
1' wd¾Ól jDoaêh ñkqï l< yels ùu'
2' cd;Hka;r jYfhka iei|Sug'
3' iudydr ñ, uÜgfï m%jK;djhka y÷kd .ekSu'

21- wd¾Ól úoHdj ^,l=Kq §fï mámdáh& merKs ks¾foaYh | w'fmd'i' ^W'fm<& úNd.h - 2019 |wjika ixfYdaOk we;=<;a l< hq;=j we;' 21
 Y%S ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j ryiH f,aLkhls'

4' wd¾Ólfha jHqyuh ,ËK y÷kd .ekSu'

5' wdodhfï ld¾hd;aul jHdma;sh y÷kd .ekSu'
6' id¾j wd¾Ólfha YS%;d;aul iïnkaO;d y÷kd .ekSu'
7' wd¾Ól yd iudc m%;sm;a;s iïmdokh yd ie,iqïlrKh'
8' id¾j wd¾Ól úp,Hhkaf.a yeisÍu mqfrdal:kh lsÍu'
by; m%;s,dN ksid iuia; wd¾Ólh ms<sn| wjfndaO lr.ekSug iy tys ld¾hidOkh
úYaf,aIKh i|yd cd;sl .sKqï o;a; m%n, WmlrKhla fõ'

^tla m%;s,dNhlg ,l=Kq 01 ne.ska¦ uq¿ ,l=Kq 04&

^i&
wdodhfï lsishï fjkila ^∆Y& ksid ^fyda jeh l< yels wdodhfï fjkila -∆Yd &" mßfNdack
úhofï yg .kakd fjki ^∆C& wkqmd;hla fyda m%;sY;hla jYfhka ±lajqjfyd;a th wdka;sl
mßfNdack keñhdj f,i ye|skafõ'

wdka;sl mßfNdack keñhdj } mßfNdack úhofï fjki / wdodhfï fjki

= ∆C /∆Y fyda
= ∆C /∆Yd
^ksjerÈ ks¾jpkhg¦ ,l=Kq 02&
wdodhu jeä jk úg mßfNdackh jeä jqj o" wdodhu jeä jk m%udKfhkau mßfNdackh jeä
fkdfõ' flakaiag wkqj" wdka;sl mßfNdack keñhdj iEu úgu Ok w.hla .kakd w;r" Wmßu
w.h 1 blaujd fkdhhs' MPC w.h 0;a 1;a w;r msysghs' ^ 0 < MPC > 1 &

^ksjerÈ meyeÈ,s lsÍug" ,l=Kq 02&

21- wd¾Ól úoHdj ^,l=Kq §fï mámdáh& merKs ks¾foaYh | w'fmd'i' ^W'fm<& úNd.h - 2019 |wjika ixfYdaOk we;=<;a l< hq;=j we;' 22
 Y%S ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j ryiH f,aLkhls'

^ii&
.=Klfhka wdrïNl iajdh;a; úhoïj, fjkila ksid cd;sl wdodhï uÜgu u; fyda ksuejqu
u; tu fjkig jvd lsysm .=Khlska úYd, n,mEula we;s fõ'

.=Klh hkq wdka;sl b;=reï keñhdfõ mriamrh fõ' wdka;sl b;=reï keñhdj 1- MPC
f,i ,nd .; yelsh' .=Klh .Kkh lrkqfha"

K = 1 / 1- MPC fyda K = 1 / MPS

(MPC iy MPS iuÕ .=Klh úia;r lsÍug¦ ,l=Kq 02&

foaYSh ksIamdokh l< NdKav yd fiajd u; wdka;sl mßfNdack keñhdj by< hkafka kï" ta
yryd wdka;sl b;=reï keñhdj my< f.dia .=Klfha w.h by< hhs' ta ksid .=Klfha w.h
iy wdka;sl mßfNdack keñhdj w;r wkqf,dau iïnkaOhla f.dvkef.a' wdka;sl mßfNdack
keñhdj jeäjk úg" wdka;sl b;=reï keñhdj my< hk w;r" .=Klh úYd, fõ'

^Ok iïnkaO;djh f.dvkeÕSug¦ ,l=Kq 02&

^iii&
^w&
Y=E
Y=C+I+G+X–M
Y = 50 + 0.75YD+700+500
Y = 50 + 0.75(Y – 500) + 700 + 500
^iólrKhg o;a; wdfoaY lsßu i|yd ,l=Kq 01&
Y = 1250 + 0.75Y – 375
Y = 875 + 0.75 Y
Y – 0.75Y = 875
0.25Y = 875
Y = 875 / 0.25
Y = 3500 ^,l=Kq 01&

^wd&
wjOukd;aul mr;rhls' ^,l=Kq 01&

úNj o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;h = 5000

iu;=,s; fyda i;H o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;h = 3500

wjOukd;aul mr;rh = 1500

^wjOukd;aul mr;rh .Kkhg¦ ,l=Kq 01&
21- wd¾Ól úoHdj ^,l=Kq §fï mámdáh& merKs ks¾foaYh | w'fmd'i' ^W'fm<& úNd.h - 2019 |wjika ixfYdaOk we;=<;a l< hq;=j we;' 23
 Y%S ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j ryiH f,aLkhls'

^iv&
iajdëk úhoï fjkia ùu ksid wdodhu yd ksuejqu iajdëk úhoï fjkia jQjdg jvd lsysm
.=Khlska fjkia ùu .=Kl m%;súmdlh f,i ie,fla' ^,l=Kq 02&

^ksjerÈj 450 f¾Ldj we;=<;a rEm igykg¦ ,l=Kq 02&

^v&
rcfha ñ,§ .ekSfï fjkia ùula ksid uQ¾; o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;h u; by< .=Kl m%;súmdlhla
we;s fõ' tfia jkafka rcfha ñ, § .ekSï fjkia ùu tu m%udKfhkau Rcqju iudydr b,a¨u
fjkia lrk neúks' ^,l=Kq 02&

nÿ fjkia ùul os Rcqju tu m%udKfhkau iudydr b,a¨u u;g n,mEula isÿ fkdfõ' nÿ
fjkia ùula uq,skau jeh l< yels wdodhug n,mdk w;r" ta yryd mßfNdack úhoïj,g;a"
iudydr b,a¨ug;a n,mEï lrhs'

fï ksid rcfha ñ, § .ekSï fjkia jQ úg nÿ fjkia jQjdg jvd jeä n,mEula uQ¾; o< foaYh
S
ksIamdÈ;h u; isÿ fõ' ^,l=Kq 02&

úl,am ms<s;=r (

rdcH úhoï .=Klh = KG = 1/ 1 -MPC

nÿ .=Klh = KT = -MPC / 1 –MPC

^.=Klhla i|yd ,l=Kq 02" .=Klhka fol yryd úia;r lr we;akï¦ uq¿ ,l=Kq 04&

21- wd¾Ól úoHdj ^,l=Kq §fï mámdáh& merKs ks¾foaYh | w'fmd'i' ^W'fm<& úNd.h - 2019 |wjika ixfYdaOk we;=<;a l< hq;=j we;' 24
 Y%S ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j ryiH f,aLkhls'

—wd˜ Wm fldgi

^i&'

MV = PT ^úksuh iólrKhg¦ ,l=Kq 02&

M = uqo,a iemhqu fyda uqo,a m%udKh

V = uqof,a ixirK m%fõ.h

P = ñ, uÜgu

T = .Kqfokq m%udKh
^ishÆu úp,Hhka ksjerÈj úksuh iólrKh iuÕ olajd we;akï } ,l=Kq 02" ke;akï
,l=Kq 0&

úl,am ms<s;=rla (

MV = PY ^úksuh iólrKhg¦ ,l=Kq 02&

M = uqo,a iemhqu fyda uqo,a m%udKh

V = uqof,a ixirK m%fõ.h

P = ñ, uÜgu

Y = wjika ksujqu fyda uQ¾; o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;h

fyda PY = kdñl o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;h

^ishÆu úp,Hhka ksjerÈj úksuh iólrKh iuÕ olajd we;akï } ,l=Kq 02" ke;akï
,l=Kq 0&

^ii&

WoaOukh hkq fmdÿ ñ, uÜgfï isÿjk wLkav by< hduhs' iudydr b,a¨ï (AD) iy iudydr
iemhqï (AS) wdo¾Yhg wkqj" iudydr b,a¨fï by< hdula ksid wd¾Ólh u; wê b,a¨ula
ks¾udKh lrk w;r" ta yryd ñ, uÜgï by< hhs' ^,l=Kq 01&

21- wd¾Ól úoHdj ^,l=Kq §fï mámdáh& merKs ks¾foaYh | w'fmd'i' ^W'fm<& úNd.h - 2019 |wjika ixfYdaOk we;=<;a l< hq;=j we;' 25
 Y%S ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j ryiH f,aLkhls'

^,l=Kq 01&

iudydr b,a¨u AD1 isg AD2 olajd by< hdu ksid ñ, uÜgu P1 isg P2 olajd by< hhs' wê
b,a¨ula mj;akd úg" ksIamdolhska yg ñ, by< kexùu yryd ;u ,dN ;Sre by< kxjd .;
yels fõ'

ksIamdok msßjeh by< hk úg iudydr iemhqu my< f.dia ñ, uÜgï by< hd yels w;r"
fuh msßjefhka ;,a¨ jQ WoaOukh f,i y÷kd .efka'

^,l=Kq 01&

AS1, AS2 olajd my< hdu ksid" ;jÿrg;a ñ, .Kka P1 isg P3 olajd by< hkqfha msßjeh by<
hdu ksidh' fï wkqj wê b,a¨u wkqj WoaOukh wdrïN jk kuq;a" th wLKAvj mj;ajdf.k
hkqfha msßjeh by< hdfuks' ^,l=Kq 01&

21- wd¾Ól úoHdj ^,l=Kq §fï mámdáh& merKs ks¾foaYh | w'fmd'i' ^W'fm<& úNd.h - 2019 |wjika ixfYdaOk we;=<;a l< hq;=j we;' 26
 Y%S ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j ryiH f,aLkhls'

^iii&

1. yqjudre udOHhla jYfhka fmdÿ ms<s .ekSu'

2. l,amj;akd iq¿ nj'
3. iucd;Sh nj'
4. l=vd fldgiaj,g fnÈh yels nj'
5. myiqfjka /f.k hd yels nj'
6. jHdc uqo,a fyj;a wkqlrK uqo,a ksl=;=j wmyiq ùu'
7. jákdlu ia:djrj mej;Su'
^tla lreKlg ,l=Kq 1 ne.ska ¦ uq¿ ,l=Kq 04&

^iv&

1. Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j

2. n,m;%,dNS jdKsc nexl=
3. n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl=
4. n,m;%,dNS uQ,H iud.ï
5. fiajl w¾:idOl wruqo,
6. rËK iud.ï
7. úfYaIs; uQ,H iud.ï
^´kEu tla lreKlg ,l=Kq 1 ne.ska¦ uq¿ ,l=Kq 04&

^v& M2b = M2 + 50% of TSDNRFC + RDFCBU

M2 = M1 + TSDP

M1 = mgq uqo,a iemhqu

TSDP = uyck;dj i;= jdKsc nexl=j, we;s ld,Sk yd b;=reï ;ekam;=

TSDNRFC = wfkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqïj, we;s uyckhd i;= ld,Sk yd
b;=reï ;ekam;= m%udKfhka 50]

RDFCBU = úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a nexl= tallj, we;s fkajdislhka i;= ;ekam;=
^ksjeros kï ,l=Kq 02¦ jerÈ kï 0&
úl,am l%uhla

M2b = M2 + .e,mqï lrk ,o úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a ;ekam;=

M2 = mgq uqo,a iemhqu + uyckhd i;= jd◊kSc nexl= fj;e;s ld,Sk iy

b;sßlsßfï ;ekam;=
.e,mqï lrk ,o úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a ;ekam;= j,g we;=<;a jkafka wlafjr< nexl=
tAllj, fkajdisl ;ekam;= iy foaYSh nexl= tAllj, úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a
;ekam;=j,ska foaYSh j.lSï f,i yÿkd.;a fldgila we;=<;a fõ'

^ksjeros kï ,l=Kq 02¦ jerÈ kï 0&

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 Y%S ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j ryiH f,aLkhls'

M4 = M1 + wdikak uqo,a

wdikak uqo,a = DBU + FCBU + LSB + RFC

M4 = M2b + RDLSB + RDRFC

DBU = foaYSh nexl= tallj, we;s wdikak uqo,a

FCBU = úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a nexl= tallj, we;s wdikak uqo,a

LSB = n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl=j, we;s wdikak uqo,a

RFC = ,shdmÈxÑ uQ,H iud.ïj, we;s ;ekam;= fyda

LFC = n,m;%,dNS uQ,H iud.ïj, we;s ;ekam;= ^ksjeros kï ,l=Kq 02¦ jerÈ kï 0&

^i&'

ndysr;d ^Ok fyda RK& mj;akd úg iudchSh wdka;sl msßjeh (SMC) iy fm!oa.,sl wdka;sl
msßjeh (PMC) w;r fukau iudchSh wdka;sl m%;s,dN (SMB) iy fm!oa.,sl wdka;sl m%;s,dN
(PMB) w;r o fjkialï we;s fõ' fï yryd fjf<|fmdf<a tlaflda wjYH m%udKhg jvd
jeä ke;fyd;a wjYH m%udKhg jvd wvq ksIamdokhla fyda mßfNdackhla isÿ fõ' iudchSh
jYfhka m%Yia; f,i iïm;a fnod fjkalrkq ,nkqfha iudchSh wdka;sl msßjeh" iudchSh
wdka;sl m%;s,dNj,g iudk jk úgh' ^,l=Kq 01&

ksIamdokfha RK ndysr;djla mj;akd úg" wdka;sl iudchSh msßjeh" wdka;sl fm!oa.,sl

msßjeh wNsNjd hhs' túg ksoyia fjf<|fmd< wd¾Ólhla uÕska ,nd fokq ,nk iu;=,s;
ksuejqu iudchSh jYfhka m%Yia; ksuejqug jvd jeä fõ' ^,l=Kq 01&

my; i|yka rEm igyk uÕska ksIamdokfha RK ndysr;djla bÈßm;a lrhs'

21- wd¾Ól úoHdj ^,l=Kq §fï mámdáh& merKs ks¾foaYh | w'fmd'i' ^W'fm<& úNd.h - 2019 |wjika ixfYdaOk we;=<;a l< hq;=j we;' 28
 Y%S ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j ryiH f,aLkhls'

MCS
ñ, iy msßjeh

wdka;sl
ndysr MCP
Ps msßjeh

wdka;sl
iudchSh wdka;sl
msßjeh fm!oa.,sl D = MBs = MBp
msßjeh
0 QS Qp m%udKh ^tall&
wê ksIamdokh
by; m%ia;drhg wkqj" fjf<|fmd< uÕska imhkq ,nk Qp ksuejqï uÜgu" iudchSh jYfhka
m%Yia; ksuejqï uÜgu jk Qs g jvd jeä fõ' tneúka ksIamdokfha RK ndysr;djla mj;akd
úg iudchg wjYH lrk m%udKhg jvd jeä ksIamdokhla ^wê ksIamdokhla& isÿ fõ'

ksIamdokfha Ok ndysr;djla mj;sk úg" wdka;sl fm!oa.,sl msßjeh wdka;sl iudchSh msßjeh
wNsNjd hhs' túg iudchSh jYfhka m%Yia; ksuejqï uÜgu fjf<|fmd< uÕska ,nd fokakd
jQ ksIamdok uÜgug jvd jeä fõ' my; rEm igyk uÕska ksIamdokfha Ok ndysr;djla
fmkakqï lrhs'

MCP
ñ, iy msßjeh

MCS
PP
wdka;sl
fm!oa.,sl
Ps msßjeh

wdka;sl wdka;sl
ndysr iudchSh D = MBs = MBp
msßjeh msßjeh
0 QP QS m%udKh ^tall&
W!K ksIamdokh
21- wd¾Ól úoHdj ^,l=Kq §fï mámdáh& merKs ks¾foaYh | w'fmd'i' ^W'fm<& úNd.h - 2019 |wjika ixfYdaOk we;=<;a l< hq;=j we;' 29
 Y%S ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j ryiH f,aLkhls'

by; rEm igykg wkqj ksIamdokfha Ok ndysr;djla mj;akd úg iudchSh jYfhka m%Yia;
ksuejqï uÜgu jk Qs, fjf<|fmd< iu;=,s; ksuejqï uÜgu jk Qp g jvd jeäjk w;r"
wod< NdKavh fyda fiajdj iudchg wjYH m%udKhg jvd wvqfjka ^W!K ksIamdokhla&
iemfha'

mßfNdackfha RK ndysr;djla mj;akd úg" wdka;sl fm!oa.,sl m%;s,dN" wdka;sl iudchSh

m%;s,dN wNsNjd hhs' túg ksoyia fjf<|fmd< wd¾Ólhla uÕska ,nd fokq ,nk iu;=,s;
mdßfNdack uÜgu iudchSh jYfhka m%Yia; mßfNdack uÜgug jvd jeä fõ' ^,l=Kq 01&

my; i|yka rEm igyk uÕska mßfNdackfha RK ndysr;djla bÈßm;a lrhs' tu m%ia;drhg
wkqj" fjf<|fmd< uÕska imhkq ,nk Qp mßfNdack uÜgu" iudchSh jYfhka m%Yia;
mßfNdack uÜgu jk Qs g jvd jeä fõ' tneúka mßfNdackfha RK ndysr;djla mj;akd úg
iudchg wjYH lrk m%udKhg jvd jeä mßfNdackhla ^wê mßfNdackhla& isÿ fõ'

S = MCp = MCs
ñ, iy msßjeh

wdka;sl
RK
ndysr
m%;s,dN

wdka;sl MBp
fm!oa.,sl
wdka;sl
m%;s,dN
iudchSh
m%;s,dN MBs

0 QS QP m%udKh ^tall& Q

wê mßfNdackh
mßfNdackfha Ok ndysr;djla mj;akd úg wdka;sl iudchSh m%;s,dN" wdka;sl fm!oa.,sl y;

mßfNdackfha Ok ndysr;djla mj;akd úg" wdka;sl iudchSh m%;s,dN" wdka;sl fm!oa.,sl

m%;s,dN wNsNjd hhs' túg ksoyia fjf<|fmd< wd¾Ólhla uÕska ,nd fokq ,nk iu;=,s;
mdßfNdack uÜgu iudchSh jYfhka m%Yia; mßfNdack uÜgug jvd wvq fõ' ^,l=Kq 01&

my; i|yka rEm igyk uÕska mßfNdackfha Ok ndysr;djla bÈßm;a lrhs'

21- wd¾Ól úoHdj ^,l=Kq §fï mámdáh& merKs ks¾foaYh | w'fmd'i' ^W'fm<& úNd.h - 2019 |wjika ixfYdaOk we;=<;a l< hq;=j we;' 30
 Y%S ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j ryiH f,aLkhls'

S = MCp = MCs
ñ, iy msßjeh

wdka;sl
ndysr
m%;s,dN

wdka;sl MBs
iudchSh
wdka;sl
m%;s,dN
fm!oa.,sl
m%;s,dN MBp

0 Qp Qs m%udKh ^tall& Q
W!K mßfNdackh

by; m%ia;drhg wkqj" iudchSh jYfhka m%Yia; mßfNdack uÜgu jk Qs fjf<|fmd<

uÕska imhkq ,nk Qp mßfNdack uÜgu wNsnjd hhs' tneúka mßfNdackfha Ok ndysr;djla
mj;akd úg iudchg wjYH lrk m%udKhg jvd wvq mßfNdackhla ^W!K mßfNdackhla&
olakg ,efí'

Ok fyda RK ndysr;djla meyeÈ,s lsÍug tla ,l=K ne.ska Wmßu ,l=Kq folls' ´kEu
m%ia:dr folla uÕska Ok iy RK ndysr;djla meyeÈ,s lrhs kï ,l=Kq 02" uq¿ ,l=Kq 04

^ii&
w¾O jYfhka mßfNdackfhka je<elaúh fkdyels iy w¾O jYfhka ;rÕldÍ;ajhla fkdue;s
NdKav w¾O fmdÿ NdKav f,i ye|ska fõ' w¾O fmdÿ NdKav lsishï Odß;d uÜgula lrd
<.djk ;=re mßfNdackfha ;rÕldß;ajhla fkdue;s iy mßfNdackh iSud lsÍfï yelshdjla
;sfnk NdKavhka fõ'

WodyrK jYfhka uyd ud¾." WoHdk" uqyqÿ fjr<" Ñ;%mg Yd,d" l,d.dr" fl!;=ld.dr jeks
oE lsishï iSudjla olajd iduQyslj mßfNdackh l< yelsh' tu iSudj ;=< tla wfhl= úiska
lrkq ,nk mßfNdackh ksid ;j;a wfhl=g tu NdKavh fyda fiajdj mßfNdackh lsÍug we;s
wjia:dj wysñ ù fkdhhs' tfukau fun÷ wdh;k fj; m%fõY ùu j<lajd,Sfï yelsh djla o
mj;S' tkï fm!oa.,sl NdKavhl § fuka u fujeks NdKav iïnkaOfhka o mßfNdackh
j<lajd,Sfï yelshdj iemhqïlrejdg we;'

21- wd¾Ól úoHdj ^,l=Kq §fï mámdáh& merKs ks¾foaYh | w'fmd'i' ^W'fm<& úNd.h - 2019 |wjika ixfYdaOk we;=<;a l< hq;=j we;' 31
 Y%S ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j ryiH f,aLkhls'

w¾O fmdÿ NdKav ye|skaùug we;eï úgl —la,í NdKav˜ hk fhÿu o Ndú; flf¾' we;eï
l%Svd iudc iïnkaOfhka w¾O fmdÿ NdKav ,ËK y÷kd .; yelsh' WodyrKhla jYfhka
f.d,a*a fyda msysKqï fyda jeks l%Svd iudchla .;a úg tajdfha Wmßu Odß;djh lrd <Õd jk
;=re" mßfNdackfha ;rÕldÍ;ajhla fkdue;' msyK
s qï iudchl idudcsl;ajh ,nd .ekSu iSud
lsÍfï yelshdj mj;S' tfy;a tla l%Svlfhl= msysKï
q ;gdlfha msysKSu ksid ;j;a l%Svlfhl=g
msysKSug we;s wjia:dj wysñ fkdfõ' msysKqï ;gdlfha Odß;dj lrd <Õd jk ;=re" th iduQysl
j mßfNdackh lsÍfï yelshdj mj;S' f.d,a*a l%Svd iudchl o fuu ,ËK ±lsh yelsh' tla
l%Svlfhl= l%Svd lsÍu ksid" ;j;a l%Svlfhl=g f.d,a*a l%Svdfõ fh§ug we;s wjia:dj iSud
fkdfõ'

^w¾O fmdÿ NdKavj, ,ËK WodyrK iys;j meyeÈ,s lrkafka kï ,l=Kq 02" w¾O fmdÿ
NdKav ks¾jpkh lr WodyrK muKla § we;s kï ,l=Kq 01&

mßfNdackfha § fm!oa.,sl m%;s,dN blaujd úYd, jYfhka iudc m%;s,dN ,efnk NdKav Y=N
idOk NdKav fõ' tfukau Y=N idOk NdKav mßfNdackh lsÍfuka úYd, jYfhka ndysr
m%;s,dN yg .kshs'

WodyrK jYfhka wOHdmkh" fi!LH" f,v frda. j<lajd,Sug .kakd tkak;a wdÈh Y=N
idOk NdKav f,ig ie,fla' wOHdmkh iïnkaOfhka i,ld ne,Sfï § bf.kSug wjYH lem
lsÍï ms<sn|j isiqka ±k isáh o" wkd.; /lshdj" jegqm" l=i,;d" iudc ;;a;ajh iy fyd|
mqrjeisfhl= ùu hk ldrKd iïnkaOfhka Tjqkg ,efnk m%;s,dN Tjqka wOHdmkhg b,a¨ï
lsßfï os fkdi,ld yßhs' fï wkqj" wOHdmkh mßfNdackfha Ok ndysr;djhla we;s lrk
w;r" ksoyia fjf<|fmd< th .%yKh lr .ekSug wiu;a fõ' fjf<|fmd< uÕska ,ndfok
wOHdmkh iudchSh jYfhka m%Yia; uÜgug jvd wvqh'

wOHdmkfha ;j;a jdishla kï" tuÕska iudchg ndysr m%;s,dN ckkh lrk w;r" wOHdmkh
b,a¨ï lrkq ,nk wjia:dfõ § ta ms<snoj mqoa.,fhl= ie,ls,a,la fkdoelaúuhs' WodyrKhla
f,ig tla YsIHfhl= bf.k .ekSug fjfyfikqfha wfkla whg ,efnk m%;s,dN ksid
fkdfõ' fuys§ wfkl=;a ndysr md¾Yj f,i y÷kd .kq ,nkafka wkd.; fiajd fhdaclhska"
mjq," ys;-ñ;=rka iy iudchhs'

fi!LH fiajh o Y+N idOk NdKavhls' WodyrKhla f,ig f,v frda. j<lajd,Sug .kq ,nk
tkak;la ksid fm!oa.,sl m%;s,dN yg .kafka l=uk úg o hkak ±k .ekSug wiSreh' tfukau
tjeks tkak;la ,nd .ekSu ksid iudcfha wfkl=;a mqoa.,hskag fndajk frda. jHdma; ùu
je<lS hhs' tfy;a wfkla whg f,v frda. fnda ùu j<lajd,Su fjkqfjka tkak;la ,nd
.kakka msßi b;d iSñ; h'

^Y+N idOk NdKavj, ,ËK WodyrK iys;j meyeÈ,s lrkafka kï ,l=Kq 02" Y+N idOk
NdKav ks¾jpkh lr WodyrK muKla § we;s kï ,l=Kq 01&

21- wd¾Ól úoHdj ^,l=Kq §fï mámdáh& merKs ks¾foaYh | w'fmd'i' ^W'fm<& úNd.h - 2019 |wjika ixfYdaOk we;=<;a l< hq;=j we;' 32
 Y%S ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j ryiH f,aLkhls'

(iii&
mqkrdj¾;k úhofï m%Odk ixrpl"
1&' NdKav yd fiajd úhoï
2&' fmd<S f.ùï
3&' j¾;k ixl%du iy iykdOdr
^ixrpl 03u ksjerÈ kï ,l=Kq 04hs' 2la ksjerÈ kï ,l=Kq 02hs&

^iv&
noaola ksid we;sjk iïm;a fn§ hdfï wld¾hËu;djfhka iudchg wysñ jk Y=N idOkh
wê nÿ nr f,i ye|skafõ' tu m%foaYh fmkakqï lrk ;%sfldaKh yd¾n¾.¾ ;%sfldaKh f,i o
ye|ska fõ' ^ ixl,amhg ,l=Kq 01&

^m%ia:drh i|yd ,l=Kq 02&

ñ, wkuH;djhla mj;sk úg mdßfNda.slhd jeä wê nÿ nrla orhs' (Pb-P* > P* - Ps)

^,l=Kq 01&

^v& mqM,a jYfhka fhdod .;a uQ,dY% (

1. úfoaYSh uQ,dY%
cd;Hka;r iaffjÍ;aj ne÷ïlr ksl=;+ka
jHdmD;s Kh
2. foaYSh uQ,dY%
nexl= - fjf<ofmd< Kh .ekqï
uy nexl=j
n,m;% ,dNS jdKsc nexl=
21- wd¾Ól úoHdj ^,l=Kq §fï mámdáh& merKs ks¾foaYh | w'fmd'i' ^W'fm<& úNd.h - 2019 |wjika ixfYdaOk we;=<;a l< hq;=j we;' 33
 Y%S ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j ryiH f,aLkhls'

3. nexl= fkdjk - fjf<ofmd< fkdjk Kh .ekqï

fiajl w¾: idOl wruqo, - EPF
cd;sl b;sßlsßfï nexl=j - NSB
^tla uQ,dY%hlg ,l=Kq 01 ne.ska¦ uq¿ ,l=Kq 02&
mqM,a jYfhka fhdod .;a WmlrK (

1. NdKavd.dr ne֕lr
2. NdKavd.dr ì,am;a
3. Y%S ,xld ixj¾Ok ne÷ïlr
4. uy nexl= w;a;sldrï
5. remsh,a Kh
^tla WmlrKhlg ,l=Kq 01 ne.ska¦ uq¿ ,l=Kq 02&

^i& ^w&
A rgg X NdKavh ksIamdokh lsÍfï idfmaË jdishla mj;S' ulaksidoh;a" A rfgys
X NdKavh ksIamdokh lsÍfï wdjiaÓl msßjeh B rgg jvd wvq h'

A rfgys X NdKavh ksIamdokh lsÍfï wdjiaÓl msßjeh } 60$80 } 0'75

B rfgys X NdKavh ksIamdokh lsÍfï wdjiaÓl msßjeh } 60$60 } 1

A rg X NdKavh i|yd idfmaË jdis we;s ksid A rg úfYaISlrKh l< hq;af;a X

NdKavh hs'
^,l=Kq 01&

21- wd¾Ól úoHdj ^,l=Kq §fï mámdáh& merKs ks¾foaYh | w'fmd'i' ^W'fm<& úNd.h - 2019 |wjika ixfYdaOk we;=<;a l< hq;=j we;' 34
 Y%S ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j ryiH f,aLkhls'

B rgg Y NdKavh ksIamdokh lsÍfï idfmaË jdishla mj;S' ulaksidoh;a" B rfgys

Y NdKavh ksIamdokh lsÍfï wdjiaÓl msßjeh A rgg jvd wvq h'

A rfgys Y NdKavh ksIamdokh lsÍfï wdjiaÓl msßjeh } 80$60 } 1'3

B rfgys Y NdKavh ksIamdokh lsÍfï wdjiaÓl msßjeh } 60$60 } 1

B rg Y NdKavh i|yd idfmaË jdis we;s ksid B rg úfYaISlrKh l< hq;af;a Y

NdKavh hs'
^,l=Kq 01&
^wdjiaÓl msßjeh wkqmd; .Kkh lsÍu ,l=Kq m%odkh lsÍu i|yd wjYH fõ&

^wd& wfkHdkH jYfhka jdisodhl fjf<|dula yg .ekSug kï" fjf<| wkqmd;hka"

 X NdKav 1la ioyd Y NdKav 0'75g jeä 1g wvq w.hla w;r yqjudre úh hq;= h'
^,l=Kq 01&
 Y NdKav 1la ioyd X NdKav 1'3g wvq 1g jeä w.hla w;r yqjudre úh hq;= h'
^,l=Kq 01&

^ii&

1. wdishd Ydka;slr ksoyia fjf<| .súiqu - ^1975&

2. bkaÿ Y%S ,xld ksoyia fjf<| .súiqu - ^1998&
3. mlsia:dka Y%S ,xld ksoyia fjf<| .súiqu - ^2005&
4. ol=Kq wdishdkq ksoyia fjf<| .súiqu - ^2006&
5. Y%S ,xld isx.mamQre ksoyia fjf<| .súiqu - ^2018&

^by;ska olajd we;s ´kEu y;rlg¦ uq¿ ,l=Kq 04&

^iii&

1. wmkhk bmehqïj,g jvd wdkhk úhoï by< hdu' ^wmkhk fõ.fhka by< hdu"
fï i|yd jdyk wdkhk by< hdu fya;= úh' ld¾ñl wmkhkj, iq¿ j¾Okhla
±lsh yels jqj o lDIsld¾ñl iy Lksc wmkhk my< hdu&
2. Lksc f;,a wdkhk úhoï by< hdu'
3. wefußldkq fvd,rhg idfmaËj Y%S ,xld remsh, ie,lsh hq;= f,i Ëh ùu'
4. m%Odk wmkhk fjf<|fmd<j, my< j¾Okhla iy wd¾Ól wia:djr;ajhla we;s
ùu'
5. wmkhk úúOdx.S;rKh ÿ¾j, ùu'

^´kEu tllg ,l=Kq 01 ne.ska ¦ uq¿ ,l=Kq 04&

21- wd¾Ól úoHdj ^,l=Kq §fï mámdáh& merKs ks¾foaYh | w'fmd'i' ^W'fm<& úNd.h - 2019 |wjika ixfYdaOk we;=<;a l< hq;=j we;' 35
 Y%S ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j ryiH f,aLkhls'

^iv&
^w&

cx.u .sKqfï fYaIh } fjf<| .sKqfï fYaIh + fiajd .sKqfï fYaIh + m%d:ñl
wdodhï .sKqfï fYaIh + oaú;shsl wdodhï .sKqfï fYaIh

} ^-960& + 340 + ^-230& + 630

} ^-1190& + 970
} -220 ^,l=Kq 02&

^wd& cx.u yd m%d.aOk .sKqfï fYaIh } cx.u .sKqfï fYaIh + m%d.aOk .sKqfï fYaIh

} -220 + 20
} -200
tu ksid uQ,H .sKqfï fYaIh } 200 ^,l=Kq 02&

^v& md,s; kuH úksuh wkqmd; l%uh iu. ieiosfï os kuH úksuh wkqmd; l%ufha wjdis(

1. md,s; kuH úksuh wkqmd; l%uhla yd iei|Sfï § kuH úksuh wkqmd; l%uhla
hgf;a jHdmdßl wia:djr;ajh by< ouk w;r cd;Hka;r fjf<|du iy
wdfhdack wvq ùula isÿ fõ'
2. md,s; kuH úksuh wkqmd;sl l%uhlg jvd kuH úksuh wkqmd;sl l%uhla
hgf;a úYd, mßudKfha iufmaËKhka isÿ úh yels ùu'
3. kuH úksuh wkqmd;slhl § md,s; kuH úksuh wkqmd;slhlg jvd uQ,H iy
*sial,a m%;sm;a;sh ksoyfia Ndú; lsÍfï yelshdj ,enqK o" j.lSï úrys;
wdKavq fuu m%;sm;a;s ksoyi flf,iñka WoaOukd;aul *sial,a iy uQ,H
m%;sm;a;sj,g fhduq úh yels ùu'

^´kEu wjdis folla i|yd¦ ,l=Kq 04&

21- wd¾Ól úoHdj ^,l=Kq §fï mámdáh& merKs ks¾foaYh | w'fmd'i' ^W'fm<& úNd.h - 2019 |wjika ixfYdaOk we;=<;a l< hq;=j we;' 36
 Y%S ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j ryiH f,aLkhls'

^i&
lsishï fhojqï tall m%udKhlska ,nd .; yels ksuejqï tall m%udKh M,odhS;djh
fõ' ^,l=Kq 01&

M,odhS;djh ;SrKh lrk idOl my;ska ±la fõ'

1' Y%ufha .=Kd;aul ;;a;ajh ^wOHdmkh" jD;a;Sh mqyqKqj" w;a±lSï&
2' ;dËKh
3' kjH;d ^m¾fhaIK yd ixj¾Okh i|yd ork úhoï&
4' m%d.aOk wdfhdack
5' uQ,H fjf<|fmd, ixj¾Okh
6' iajNdúl iïm;a
7' há;, myiqlï
8' kshdukhka
9' wdl,am iy m%;sudk ^tla idOlhlg ,l=Kq 1 ne.ska¦ uq¿ ,l=Kq 04&

^ii&
tal mqoa., o< cd;sl wdodhfï j¾Okhla f,ig woyia lrkqfha fmr j¾Ihg idfmaËj n,k
l< mqoa.,fhl=g o< cd;sl wdodhfuka ysñjk idudkH wdodhfï by< hduhs' tal mqoa., o<
cd;sl ksIamdÈ;h idudkH cd;sl wdodhu muKla fmkakqï lrk w;r" th ðjk ;;a;ajh
ñkqï lsÍug m%udKj;a ñkqula fkdfõ' ^,l=Kq 02&

ðjk ;;a;ajh hkak úIhdkqnoaO ixl,amhla jk w;r" tuÕska mqoa., i;=g" idOdrK;ajh"
iudkd;au;djh iy mqoa., .re;ajh" udkj whs;k
S a" fjkiafldg ie,lSfuka ksoyia ùu" ia;%S-
mqreINdjh" cd;sh" NdIdj" wd.u" foaYmd,k úYajdihka" cd;sl;ajh iy iudc-wd¾Ól ;;a;ajh
wdÈh fkdi,ld iudkj ie,lSu o we;=<;a fõ' ^,l=Kq 02&

mqoa.,hkaf.a cSjk ;a;ajfha .=Kd;aul njg n,mdk ;j;a iuyr idOl w;rg fiajd ia:dkfha
fldkafoais" fi!LH fiajd" wOHdmkh iy øjHd;aul ðjk ;;a;ajhka o we;=<;a l< yels fõ'

^,l=Kq 01&

tneúka tal mqoa., o< cd;sl wdodhfï j¾Okh ðjk ;;a;ajh ñkqï lsÍfï § fkduÕ hjk
iq¿ iy m%udKj;a fkdjk ñkquls'

21- wd¾Ól úoHdj ^,l=Kq §fï mámdáh& merKs ks¾foaYh | w'fmd'i' ^W'fm<& úNd.h - 2019 |wjika ixfYdaOk we;=<;a l< hq;=j we;' 37
 Y%S ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j ryiH f,aLkhls'

^iii&
udkj ixj¾Ok o¾Ylh hkq ±kqu" cSjk uÜgu iy fi!LHh hk m%Odk me;slv 3la mokï
lr .ksñka .Kkh lrkq ,nk ixhqla; o¾Ylhls'

^,l=Kq 01&

udkj ixj¾Ok o¾Ylfha jdis (

1. rgj,a ;=< iy rgj,a w;r ðjk ;;a;ajfha .=Kd;aul nj ñkqï lsÍfï § o< foaYSh
ksIamdÈ;fha o;a; u; mokï jk wfkl=;a o¾Yl ÿ¾j, iy m%udKj;a fkdjk ñkqï
jk w;r" tu o¾Yl iuÕ i,ld ne,Sfï § ðjk ;;a;ajh fydoska ñkqï lsÍug yels
ùu udkj ixj¾Ok o¾Ylfha jdishls'
2. tal mqoa., foaYSh wdodhu u.ska udkj ixj¾Okfha iudchSh me;slv ñkqï fkdfõ'
udkj ixj¾Ok o¾Ylh hkq wdodhï ks¾Kdhl u; muKla mokï fkdjk udkj
ixj¾Okfha me;slv ;=kla" tkï fi!LH iy §¾>dhqI" wOHdmkh iy ðj;a ùu
wdjrKh lrkakd jQ ixhqla; o¾Ylhls'
3. wfkl=;a ks¾Kdhlj,g jvd udkj ixj¾Ok o¾Ylh f,dalfha rgj,a w;r ixj¾Okh
wka;¾cd;slj iei|Sfï § fhdod.; yels ñkquls'
4. wfkl=;a ks¾Kdhlj,g jvd iudc m%;m s ;a;s rfÜ wd¾Ól ixj¾Okhg flfia n,md
we;s o hkak úksYaph lr .; yels ñkquls'
5. udkj ixj¾Ok o¾Ylh .Kkhg wod< f;dr;=re jd¾Islj hdj;ald,Sk flf¾'
tfukau tu f;dr;=re iy o;a; mqoa.,hska iuQyhla úiska yels ;rï ksjerÈj /ia
lrkq ,eîu o jdishls'
^´kEu jdis folla i|yd¦ ,l=Kq 02&
udkj ixj¾Ok o¾Ylfha wjdis (

1. fuh iudydr ñkqula jk neúka rgj,a wNHka;rfha ±lsh yels ixj¾Ok úIu;djka
y÷kd.; fkdyels ùu'
2. udkj ixj¾Okfha ishÆu wxY fï hgf;a ie,ls,a,g fkd.ekSu'
3. o¾Ylh ;=< we;s m%Odk me;slv ;=kgu iudk f,i nr ;eîu'
4. .=Kd;aul fjkialï ie,ls,a,g fkd.ekSu' ^Wod( mdi,a wOHdmkfha .=Kd;aul
;;a;ajh&
5. ixj¾Okh flfrys n,mdk mdßißl me;slv fuu o¾Ylh .Kkh ioyd fhdod
fkd.eksu'
^´kEu wjdishlg ,l=Kq 1 ne.ska ,l=Kq 02&

^iv&
Èklg fvd,¾ 1'90 lg jvd wvq wdodhula ,nk mqoa.,fhl= wka; oßø;d uÜgfï
mqoa.,fhl= f,ig y÷kd .efka' 2009$10 jir jk úg Y%S ,xldfõ wka; oßø;d uÜgu
ishhg 2'4 uÜgfï isg 2012$13 jk úg ishhg 1'8 olajd wvq úh'

21- wd¾Ól úoHdj ^,l=Kq §fï mámdáh& merKs ks¾foaYh | w'fmd'i' ^W'fm<& úNd.h - 2019 |wjika ixfYdaOk we;=<;a l< hq;=j we;' 38
 Y%S ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j ryiH f,aLkhls'

wka; oßø;djhg n,md we;s idOl(

1. ;reKhska i|yd wdodhï bmehqï ud¾. iSñ; ùu'

2. ÿr neyer m%foaYj, cSj;a ùu'
3. iudc wdOdrl jevigyka wld¾hËu ùu'
4. lDIsl¾udka;fha wvq M,odhS;djh'
5. há;, myiqlï ÿ¾j, ùu'
6. m%Odk wdodhï ud¾.h lDIsl¾uhg iïnkaO jQ l=gï
q Nhl cSj;a ùu
7. wOHdmk uÜgfï wvq nj'
8. YdÍßlj ÿ¾j, ùu'
9. úhm;a ùu'
10. bvï i|yd whs;shla fkdue;s ùu'
11. ukaofmdaIKh'
12. .egqï ksid wNHka;rj wj;eka ùu'
^tla fya;=jlg ,l=Kq 1 ne.ska¦ Wmrsu ,l=Kq 05&

^i&
ksoyiska miq .; jQ oYl y;l ld,h ;=<" Y%S ,xldj úúO ixj¾Ok m%;sm;a;s .Kkdjla
l%shdjg kÕd we;s w;r" tajd foaYmd,k frðuhkaf.a fjkiaùï iuÕ u fjkia ù we;' my;ska
fláfhka olajd we;af;a foaYmd,k frðuhkaf.a fjkia ùu u; ixj¾Ok m%;sm;a;s fjkia jQ
whqre ±lafjk wjê lsym
s hls'

1' 1948-1956 ( újD; wd¾Ólh iuÕ ckm%shjd§ wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;s

tlai;a cd;sl mlaIh iuia; rgu wdjrKh jk mßÈ ckm%sh iudc iqNidOk jevigyka
l%shdjg kexùu' wdydr iykdOdr jevigyk" rcfha ld¾hNdrh mgq rdcH ks¾ndOjdoh iy
hg;a úcs; rdcHh fj;ska jHq;amkak ù ;snqKq rdcH ueÈy;aùïjdoh hk foflys iïñY%Khlska
isÿúu'

21- wd¾Ól úoHdj ^,l=Kq §fï mámdáh& merKs ks¾foaYh | w'fmd'i' ^W'fm<& úNd.h - 2019 |wjika ixfYdaOk we;=<;a l< hq;=j we;' 39
 Y%S ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j ryiH f,aLkhls'

2' 1956-1965 ( wd¾Ól md,khka iuÕ ckm%shjd§ wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;s

1956 § foaYmd,k frðuh fjkia jQ w;r" uyck tlai;a fmruqK kñka iNd. rchla msysgq
úh' rdcH Okjdoh" rcfha ld¾hNdrh mq¿,a ùu" uQf,damdhsl l¾udka; rcfha taldêldrh
hgf;a mj;ajdf.k hdu" uOHu yd l=vd mßudK l¾udka; i|yd rdcH wdrËKh ,nd §u"
foaYSh ld¾ñlrKh i|yd wdkhk wdfoaYk m%;m
s ;a;s iy 1959-68 i|yd oi wjqreÿ ie,eiaula
y÷kajd §u'

3' 1965-1970 ( iSñ; m%udKhl ks¾ndO wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;s

foaYmd,k frðuh fjkia jQ w;r" tlai;a cd;sl mËfha uQ,sl;ajfhka iNd. rchla msysgq
úh' ksIamdokh iy fnodyeÍu i|yd fuu frðuh úiska fjf<|fmd< hka;%Kh fhdod .ekSu"
rdcH jHjidhka y÷kajd§u isÿ fkdlsÍu" rcfha úhoï há;, myiqlï ixj¾Okhg flakaø.;
lsÍu" idïm%odhsl fkdjk wmkhk m%j¾Okh" wdkhk md,k ,sys,a lsÍu" iy 1966-70
lDIsld¾ñl ixj¾Ok fhdackd jevigykla l%shdjg kexùu'

4' 1970-1977 ( foaYSh wd¾Ólh b,lal lr.;a wdkhk wdfoaYk ld¾ólrKh

 foaYmd,k frðuh kej;;a fjkia jQ w;r" Y%S ,xld ksoyia mËh m%uqL lr.;a rchla
ìys úh'
 m%;sixialrK yryd Y%S ,xldj iudcjd§ rchlg /f.k hdug W;aidy lsÍu'
 wNHka;rdNsuqL wdkhk wdfoaYk m%;sm;a;s y÷kajd §u'
5' 1977-2005 ( wd¾Ól ks¾ndOlrKh
 1977 § tlai;a cd;sl mËh n,hg meñKs w;r" foaYmd,k frðufha fjkia ùu u;
kej;;a ixj¾Ok m%;sm;a;s fjkia úh' kej;;a fm!oa.,sl wxYfha j¾Okhg iy
wd¾Ól ksoyialrKh foig ixj¾Ok m%;sm;a;s fhduq úh'
 ndysrdNsuqL ld¾ólrKh iy újD; wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;s y÷kajd§u'
 tlai;a ck;d ksoyia ixOdkh 1995-2002 ld,h ;=< md,kh l< w;r" wd¾Ól
m%;sm;a;sfha lemS fmfkk fjkila isÿ fkdjqKs' újD; wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;sh ms<s.;a w;r"
thg udkQISh uqyqKqjrla §ug W;aidy lf<ah' 2002-2004 kej;;a tlai;a cd;sl mËh
úiska rchla msysgq úh'

6' 2005-2015 ( wdrËKjdoh iuÕ cd;sl wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;s iy mYapd;a isú,a hqO há;,
myiqlï ixj¾Okh
Y%S ,xld ksoyia mËh fmrgq lr.;a tlai;a ck;d ksoyia ixOdkh 2005 § kej; n,h ,nd
.ekSu;a iuÕ foaYmd,k frðuh fjkia úh' fuu rch kj-,snr,a wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;s
m%;slafIam l< w;r" cd;sl wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;s" foaYh
S l¾udka;h iy .%dóh há;, myiqlï
ixj¾Okhg m%uqL;ajh ÿKs' fm!oa.,SlrKh iïmQ¾Kfhkau m%;slafIam l< w;r" mYapd;a
hqO ld, mßÉfþoh ;=< úYd, mßudK há;, myiqlï jHdmD;s y÷kajd ÿKs'

21- wd¾Ól úoHdj ^,l=Kq §fï mámdáh& merKs ks¾foaYh | w'fmd'i' ^W'fm<& úNd.h - 2019 |wjika ixfYdaOk we;=<;a l< hq;=j we;' 40
 Y%S ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j ryiH f,aLkhls'

7' 2015 isg ( ±kqu flakaøSh iudc fjf<|fmd< wd¾Ólh

2015 § tlai;a cd;sl mlaIfha uQ,sl;ajh we;sj kej; foaYmd,k frðuh fjkia úh'
2025 ±lau" 2017-2020 rcfha wdfhdack jevigyk" 2018-2022 cd;sl wmkhk m%;sm;a;sh
y÷kajd oSu'
;sridr ixj¾Ok b,lal iy hymd,k uQ,O¾u Ndú;hg .ekSu' ksoyia fjf<| .súiqï"
oaùmd¾Yùh fjf<| .súiqï" mqoa.,sl - rcfha yjq,aldÍ;ajhka" wmkhk u; mokï jQ
wd¾Ól j¾Okh" M,odhS;djfha iy ;dËKsl j¾Okh" udkj ixj¾Okh" wdfhdack
Èß.ekaùu" ixpdrl jHdmdrh m%j¾Okh lsÍu" ±kqu u; mokï jQ iudc fjf<|fmd<
wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;s rduqjla u; fiajd úhqla;s .eg¿jg iy ixj¾Okh lrd m%fõY ùu'

^´kEu frcsu fjkila i|yd ,l=Kq 01 ne.ska uq¿ ,l=Kq 05 ,nd fokak' by; frcsu fjkia
ùï fláfhka úia;r lsÍu m%udKj;ah'&

by; meyeÈ,s lsÍï wkqj" Y%S ,xldfõ ixj¾Ok m%;m

s ;a;s l=uk foaYmd,k mËhla n,h
,nd .kafka o u; mokïj fjkia ù we;s nj fmfka' ksoyiska miqj Y%S ,xldfõ
foaYmd,k mË frðu fjkia ùulska f;drj rgg tlÕ úh yels cd;sl wd¾Ól m%;s;a;s
ilid .ekSu i|yd tlÕ ùug ;ju;a wfmdfydi;aj we;'

^ii&

1. rdcH mßmd,kh Yla;su;a lsÍu' ^rdcH wxYfha ixlS¾K wdh;ksl rduqj&

2. rch i;= jHjidhka yS m%;sixialrK'
3. idOl fjf<|fmd< m%;i
s xialrK ^ksoiqkla f,i Y%u fjf<|fmd< m%;sixialrK"
kuHYS,S ld¾hd, fõ,djka" jvd wvq oDV;djla iys; fiajd fldkafoais&
4. kS;sfha wdêm;H ia:dms; lsÍu i|yd jk m%;sixialrK'
5. wmkhk m%j¾Ok lafIa;%fha m%;sixialrK ^Rcq úfoaYSh wdfhdack i|yd tla - kej;=ï
- ia:dkhla /One-Stop-Shop we;s lsÍu m%udo lsÍu" whjeh ysÕh" Kh uÜgu wvq lr
.ekSu&
^tla m%;sixialrKhlg ,l=Kq 1 ne.ska¦ uq¿ ,l=Kq 05&
^iii&
1. kshduk wkql+,;djhg iïnkaO by< .Kqfokq msßjeh iy kshduk wdh;k flfrys
úYajdihla fkdue;s ùu'
2. r;= má iy ¥IKh (Red tape and Corruption)
3. ÿ¾j, ;;a;ajfha há;, myiqlï ^úfYaIfhka n,Yla;s iy m%jdykh" úÿ,s msßjeh
by< w;r úÿ,s iemhSfï wúksYaÑ;;djh&
4. uQ,Hkh i|yd m%fõY ùu ñ, wêl ùu iy iSud iys; ùu'
5. ksmqK;d iys; Y%u n,ld .eg¿j" Y%u fjf<|fmdf<a mj;akd oDV" wkuHYS,S iy
w;a;fkdau;sl iajNdjh'
6. wd¾Ól iy foaYmd,k wia:djr;ajh'
^´kEu ÿn,;djla i|yd ,l=Kq 1 ne.ska¦ uq¿ ,l=Kq 05&

21- wd¾Ól úoHdj ^,l=Kq §fï mámdáh& merKs ks¾foaYh | w'fmd'i' ^W'fm<& úNd.h - 2019 |wjika ixfYdaOk we;=<;a l< hq;=j we;' 41
 Y%S ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j ryiH f,aLkhls'

^iv&
rdcH Kh wdmiq f.ùfï fldkafoais kej; fjkia lsÍfï iy m%Odk rdcH .e<mSï isÿ
lsÍfï lsis÷ wjYH;djla we;s fkdjk mßÈ rglg ;u j¾;udk iy wkd.; Kh
fiajdlrK j.lSï imqrd,Sug we;s yelshdj rdcH Kh ;sridrNdjh f,ig ie,fla'

^,l=Kq 01&

rdcH Kfhys by< w.h"

uOHu rcfha Kh o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;fha m%;sY;hla f,ig 2017 mej;s 76'9]isg 2018
jir wjidkh jk úg 82'9] olajd by< f.dia we;'
fyda"
uOHu rcfha iuia; fkdmsh jQ Kh m%udKh ^kdñl jYfhka .;a l<& 2017 § remsh,a
ì,shk 10"313 w.hl isg 2018 § remsh,a ì,shk 11"977'5 olajd by< f.dia we;' ^kdñl
w.h 16'1]lska by< f.dia we;'&
^´kEu wdldrhlg rdcH Kh by< hdu oelaúug } ,l=Kq 01&
Kh l<fUys iajNdjh"
iuia; fkdmsh jQ rdcH Kh ;=< foaYSh Kh o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;fha m%;sY;hla f,ig
2017 § mej;s 41'7] isg 2018 jk úg wdka;slj 41'6] olajd my< .sh o" úfoaYSh Kh
.ekqï 2017 § o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;fha m%;sY;hla f,ig 35'2] uÜgfï isg 2018 jk úg
tu w.h 41'2] olajd by< .sfhah'

fyda"
úfoaYSh jHjydr uqo,ska jákdlu ;lafiare l< foaYSh Kh m%udKh 2017 jir
wjidkh jk úg mej;s remsh,a ì,shk 702'1 ^wefußldkq fvd,¾ ñ,shk 3911'0& isg
remsh,a ì,shk 714'7 ^wefußldkq fvd,¾ ñ,shk 4593'3& olajd wdka;slj by< f.dia
we;'

fyda"
rcfha iuia; fkdmsh jQ úfoaY Kh m%udKh 2017 § remsh,a ì,shk 4718'6 isg 2018
jir wjidkh jk úg remsh,a ì,shk 5959'5 olajd ie,lsh hq;= f,i by< f.dia we;'

fyda"
2018 § uOHu rcfha fkdmsh jQ úfoaYSh Kh ixhq;sh ;=< iyKodhS fkdjk úfoaYSh
Kh 55] la jQ w;r" iyKodhS úfoaYh
S Kh 45] la úh' iyKodhS Kh ;=< 37]lgu
odhl jQfha cd;Hka;r iaffjÍ;aj ne÷ïlr fõ'

21- wd¾Ól úoHdj ^,l=Kq §fï mámdáh& merKs ks¾foaYh | w'fmd'i' ^W'fm<& úNd.h - 2019 |wjika ixfYdaOk we;=<;a l< hq;=j we;' 42
 Y%S ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j ryiH f,aLkhls'

fyda"
2018 §jHjydr uqo,a j¾.h wkqj uOHu rcfha iuia; fkdmsh jQ Kh ixhq;sh jkafka
Y%S ,xld remsh,a ^46]&" tlai;a ckmo fvd,¾ ^32]&" ú'.e'ys' ^8]&" cmka fhka ^5]& iy
hQfrda ^2]& jYfhks'

^´kEu wdldrhlg Kh l<fUys iajNdjh oelaúug } ,l=Kq 01&

Y%S ,xldfõ rdcH Kfhys m%udKh iy Kh l<fUys iajNdjh wkqj rdcH Kh ;sridr uÜgul
mj;ajd f.k hdu jeo.;a jk w;r" tfia isÿ lsÍug wfmdfydi;a jqjfyd;a my; i|yka
wjodkïj,g uqyqK §ug isÿ fõ'

 ±kg;a by< iy j¾Okh jk Kh uÜgu *sial,a m%;sm;a;sfha iy uQ,H m%;sm;a;sfha

iM,;djh wvq lrhs' fujeks rdcH Kfhys j¾Okhla whjeh ysÕh u; iy Kh
fiajdlrK f.ùï u; wjodkula we;s lrhs'
 rfÜ tal mqoa., wdodhfï by< hdug wkqj ;j ÿrg;a iyKodhS Kh ,nd .ekSfï
wjldYhla fkdue;s w;r" by< fmd<S wkqmd;hka hgf;a iyKodhS fkfjk Kh iy
fláld,Sk Kh .ekqï j,g fhduq ùfï wjodkula we;s lsÍu'
 úksuh wkqmd;fha Ëh ùu;a iuÕ ;jÿrg;a Kh l<U by< hdu'

^´kEu wjodkulg ,l=Kq 1 ne.ska¦ ,l=Kq 02&

21- wd¾Ól úoHdj ^,l=Kq §fï mámdáh& merKs ks¾foaYh | w'fmd'i' ^W'fm<& úNd.h - 2019 |wjika ixfYdaOk we;=<;a l< hq;=j we;' 43
 Y%S ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j ryiH f,aLkhls'

igyka

21- wd¾Ól úoHdj ^,l=Kq §fï mámdáh& merKs ks¾foaYh | w'fmd'i' ^W'fm<& úNd.h - 2019 |wjika ixfYdaOk we;=<;a l< hq;=j we;' 44